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Uchiya P, Escaray FJ, Bilenca D, Pieckenstain F, Ruiz OA, Menéndez AB. Salt effects on functional traits in model and in economically important Lotus species. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2016; 18:703-709. [PMID: 27007305 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A common stress on plants is NaCl-derived soil salinity. Genus Lotus comprises model and economically important species, which have been studied regarding physiological responses to salinity. Leaf area ratio (LAR), root length ratio (RLR) and their components, specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf mass fraction (LMF) and specific root length (SRL) and root mass fraction (RMF) might be affected by high soil salinity. We characterised L. tenuis, L. corniculatus, L. filicaulis, L. creticus, L. burtii and L. japonicus grown under different salt concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 150 mm NaCl) on the basis of SLA, LMF, SRL and RMF using PCA. We also assessed effects of different salt concentrations on LAR and RLR in each species, and explored whether changes in these traits provide fitness benefit. Salinity (150 mm NaCl) increased LAR in L. burtii and L. corniculatus, but not in the remaining species. The highest salt concentration caused a decrease of RLR in L. japonicus Gifu, but not in the remaining species. Changes in LAR and RLR would not be adaptive, according to adaptiveness analysis, with the exception of SLA changes in L. corniculatus. PCA revealed that under favourable conditions plants optimise surfaces for light and nutrient acquisition (SLA and SRL), whereas at higher salt concentrations they favour carbon allocation to leaves and roots (LMF and RMF) in detriment to their surfaces. PCA also showed that L. creticus subjected to saline treatment was distinguished from the remaining Lotus species. We suggest that augmented carbon partitioning to leaves and roots could constitute a salt-alleviating mechanism through toxic ion dilution.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Uchiya
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F J Escaray
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Bilenca
- IEGEBA, UBA-CONICET - Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Pieckenstain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - O A Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A B Menéndez
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, PROPLAME-PRHIDEB (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Lee YP, Funk C, Erban A, Kopka J, Köhl KI, Zuther E, Hincha DK. Salt stress responses in a geographically diverse collection of Eutrema/Thellungiella spp. accessions. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2016; 43:590-606. [PMID: 32480489 DOI: 10.1071/fp15285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Salinity strongly impairs plant growth and development. Natural genetic variation can be used to dissect complex traits such as plant salt tolerance. We used 16 accessions of the halophytic species Eutrema salsugineum (previously called Thellungiella salsuginea (Pallas) O.E.Schulz, Thellungiella halophila (C.A.Meyer) O.E. Schulz and Thellungiella botschantzevii D.A.German to investigate their natural variation in salinity tolerance. Although all accessions showed survival and growth up to 700mM NaCl in hydroponic culture, their relative salt tolerance varied considerably. All accessions accumulated the compatible solutes proline, sucrose, glucose and fructose and the polyamines putrescine and spermine. Relative salt tolerance was not correlated with the content of any of the investigated solutes. We compared the metabolomes and transcriptomes of Arabidopsis thaliana (L. Heynh.) Col-0 and E. salsugineum Yukon under control and salt stress conditions. Higher content of several metabolites in Yukon compared with Col-0 under control conditions indicated metabolic pre-adaptation to salinity in the halophyte. Most metabolic salt responses in Yukon took place at 200mM NaCl, whereas few additional changes were observed between 200 and 500mM. The opposite trend was observed for the transcriptome, with only little overlap between salt-regulated genes in the two species. In addition, only about half of the salt-regulated Yukon unigenes had orthologues in Col-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ping Lee
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christian Funk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Karin I Köhl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ellen Zuther
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dirk K Hincha
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Pandey MK, Roorkiwal M, Singh VK, Ramalingam A, Kudapa H, Thudi M, Chitikineni A, Rathore A, Varshney RK. Emerging Genomic Tools for Legume Breeding: Current Status and Future Prospects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:455. [PMID: 27199998 PMCID: PMC4852475 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Legumes play a vital role in ensuring global nutritional food security and improving soil quality through nitrogen fixation. Accelerated higher genetic gains is required to meet the demand of ever increasing global population. In recent years, speedy developments have been witnessed in legume genomics due to advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) and high-throughput genotyping technologies. Reference genome sequences for many legume crops have been reported in the last 5 years. The availability of the draft genome sequences and re-sequencing of elite genotypes for several important legume crops have made it possible to identify structural variations at large scale. Availability of large-scale genomic resources and low-cost and high-throughput genotyping technologies are enhancing the efficiency and resolution of genetic mapping and marker-trait association studies. Most importantly, deployment of molecular breeding approaches has resulted in development of improved lines in some legume crops such as chickpea and groundnut. In order to support genomics-driven crop improvement at a fast pace, the deployment of breeder-friendly genomics and decision support tools seems appear to be critical in breeding programs in developing countries. This review provides an overview of emerging genomics and informatics tools/approaches that will be the key driving force for accelerating genomics-assisted breeding and ultimately ensuring nutritional and food security in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K. Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsHyderabad, India
| | - Manish Roorkiwal
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsHyderabad, India
| | - Vikas K. Singh
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsHyderabad, India
| | - Abirami Ramalingam
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsHyderabad, India
| | - Himabindu Kudapa
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsHyderabad, India
| | - Mahendar Thudi
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsHyderabad, India
| | - Anu Chitikineni
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsHyderabad, India
| | - Abhishek Rathore
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsHyderabad, India
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsHyderabad, India
- The University of Western AustraliaCrawley, WA, Australia
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Decipher the Molecular Response of Plant Single Cell Types to Environmental Stresses. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:4182071. [PMID: 27088086 PMCID: PMC4818802 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4182071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of the molecular response of entire plants or organs to environmental stresses suffers from the cellular complexity of the samples used. Specifically, this cellular complexity masks cell-specific responses to environmental stresses and logically leads to the dilution of the molecular changes occurring in each cell type composing the tissue/organ/plant in response to the stress. Therefore, to generate a more accurate picture of these responses, scientists are focusing on plant single cell type approaches. Several cell types are now considered as models such as the pollen, the trichomes, the cotton fiber, various root cell types including the root hair cell, and the guard cell of stomata. Among them, several have been used to characterize plant response to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this review, we are describing the various -omic studies performed on these different plant single cell type models to better understand plant cell response to biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Campestre MP, Castagno LN, Estrella MJ, Ruiz OA. Lotus japonicus plants of the Gifu B-129 ecotype subjected to alkaline stress improve their Fe(2+) bio-availability through inoculation with Pantoea eucalypti M91. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 192:47-55. [PMID: 26815729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Inoculation assays with Pantoea eucalypti M91 were performed on Lotus japonicus ecotype Gifu. Under alkaline conditions, this ecotype is characterized by the development of interveinal chlorosis of the apical leaves due to low mobilization of Fe(2+). Inoculation with P. eucalypti M91, a plant growth-promoting bacterial strain capable of producing pyoverdine-like and pyochelin-like siderophores under alkaline growth conditions, alters the root, resulting in a herringbone pattern of root branching. Additional features include improvement in Fe(2+) transport to the shoots, acidification of the hydroponic solution of the plant cultures, and an accompanying increase in the efficiency of the PSII parameters. In addition, there was an increase in the expression of the FRO1 and IRT1 genes, accompanied by a significant increase in FRO activity. Results showed that P. eucalypti M91 has a beneficial effect on the Fe acquisition machinery of Strategy I, as described for non-graminaceous monocots and dicots, suggesting its potential as an inoculant for legume crops cultivated in alkaline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paula Campestre
- Unidad de Biotecnología 1, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de San Martín (IIB-INTECH/CONICET-UNSAM), Avenida Intendente Marino Km 8,2 CC 164, B7130IWA Chascomús, Argentina.
| | - Luis Nazareno Castagno
- Laboratorio de Microbiología del Suelo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de San Martín (IIB-INTECH/CONICET-UNSAM), Avenida Intendente Marino Km 8,2 CC 164, B7130IWA Chascomús, Argentina.
| | - María Julia Estrella
- Laboratorio de Microbiología del Suelo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de San Martín (IIB-INTECH/CONICET-UNSAM), Avenida Intendente Marino Km 8,2 CC 164, B7130IWA Chascomús, Argentina.
| | - Oscar Adolfo Ruiz
- Unidad de Biotecnología 1, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de San Martín (IIB-INTECH/CONICET-UNSAM), Avenida Intendente Marino Km 8,2 CC 164, B7130IWA Chascomús, Argentina.
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Filippou P, Antoniou C, Obata T, Van Der Kelen K, Harokopos V, Kanetis L, Aidinis V, Van Breusegem F, Fernie AR, Fotopoulos V. Kresoxim-methyl primes Medicago truncatula plants against abiotic stress factors via altered reactive oxygen and nitrogen species signalling leading to downstream transcriptional and metabolic readjustment. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:1259-74. [PMID: 26712823 PMCID: PMC4762377 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic stresses, such as fungal infection and drought, cause major yield losses in modern agriculture. Kresoxim-methyl (KM) belongs to the strobilurins, one of the most important classes of agricultural fungicides displaying a direct effect on several plant physiological and developmental processes. However, the impact of KM treatment on salt and drought stress tolerance is unknown. In this study we demonstrate that KM pre-treatment of Medicago truncatula plants results in increased protection to drought and salt stress. Foliar application with KM prior to stress imposition resulted in improvement of physiological parameters compared with stressed-only plants. This protective effect was further supported by increased proline biosynthesis, modified reactive oxygen and nitrogen species signalling, and attenuation of cellular damage. In addition, comprehensive transcriptome analysis identified a number of transcripts that are differentially accumulating in drought- and salinity-stressed plants (646 and 57, respectively) after KM pre-treatment compared with stressed plants with no KM pre-treatment. Metabolomic analysis suggests that the priming role of KM in drought- and to a lesser extent in salinity-stressed plants can be attributed to the regulation of key metabolites (including sugars and amino acids) resulting in protection against abiotic stress factors. Overall, the present study highlights the potential use of this commonly used fungicide as a priming agent against key abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Filippou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, PO Box 50329 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Chrystalla Antoniou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, PO Box 50329 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Katrien Van Der Kelen
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Vaggelis Harokopos
- Institute of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 34 Fleming Street, 16672 Athens, Greece
| | - Loukas Kanetis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, PO Box 50329 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Vassilis Aidinis
- Institute of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 34 Fleming Street, 16672 Athens, Greece
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, PO Box 50329 Limassol, Cyprus
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Sun CX, Li MQ, Gao XX, Liu LN, Wu XF, Zhou JH. Metabolic response of maize plants to multi-factorial abiotic stresses. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2016; 18 Suppl 1:120-9. [PMID: 25622534 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Clarification of the metabolic mechanisms underlying multi-stress responses in plants will allow further optimisation of crop breeding and cultivation to obtain high yields in an increasingly variable environment. Using NMR metabolomic techniques, we examined the metabolic responses of maize plants grown under different conditions: soil drought, soil salinity, heat and multiple concurrent stresses. A detailed time-course metabolic profile was also performed on maize plants sampled 1, 3 and 7 days after initiation of soil drought and heat stress. The metabolic profile of maize plants subjected to soil drought was more similar to plants exposed to salt stress than to heat-stressed plants. Drought-stressed maize plants subjected to salt or heat stress showed distinct integrated metabolic profiles compared with those exposed to either stressor individually. These differences show the considerable metabolic plasticity of maize in response to different growth conditions. Moreover, glucose, fructose, malate, citrate, proline, alanine, aspartate, asparagine, threonine and one unknown compound fluctuated obviously between maize plants grown in controlled growth cabinet and a natural regime. These changes were associated with the TCA cycle and core nitrogen metabolism, and could be related to their multiple functions during plant growth. The evident stress-induced trajectory of metabolic changes in maize indicated that the primary metabolic responses to soil drought, heat and combined drought and heat stresses occurred in a time-dependent manner. Plasticity at the metabolic level may allow maize plants to acclimatise their metabolic ranges in response to changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C X Sun
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - M Q Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - X X Gao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - L N Liu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - X F Wu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - J H Zhou
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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Ramalingam A, Kudapa H, Pazhamala LT, Weckwerth W, Varshney RK. Proteomics and Metabolomics: Two Emerging Areas for Legume Improvement. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1116. [PMID: 26734026 PMCID: PMC4689856 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The crop legumes such as chickpea, common bean, cowpea, peanut, pigeonpea, soybean, etc. are important sources of nutrition and contribute to a significant amount of biological nitrogen fixation (>20 million tons of fixed nitrogen) in agriculture. However, the production of legumes is constrained due to abiotic and biotic stresses. It is therefore imperative to understand the molecular mechanisms of plant response to different stresses and identify key candidate genes regulating tolerance which can be deployed in breeding programs. The information obtained from transcriptomics has facilitated the identification of candidate genes for the given trait of interest and utilizing them in crop breeding programs to improve stress tolerance. However, the mechanisms of stress tolerance are complex due to the influence of multi-genes and post-transcriptional regulations. Furthermore, stress conditions greatly affect gene expression which in turn causes modifications in the composition of plant proteomes and metabolomes. Therefore, functional genomics involving various proteomics and metabolomics approaches have been obligatory for understanding plant stress tolerance. These approaches have also been found useful to unravel different pathways related to plant and seed development as well as symbiosis. Proteome and metabolome profiling using high-throughput based systems have been extensively applied in the model legume species, Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus, as well as in the model crop legume, soybean, to examine stress signaling pathways, cellular and developmental processes and nodule symbiosis. Moreover, the availability of protein reference maps as well as proteomics and metabolomics databases greatly support research and understanding of various biological processes in legumes. Protein-protein interaction techniques, particularly the yeast two-hybrid system have been advantageous for studying symbiosis and stress signaling in legumes. In this review, several studies on proteomics and metabolomics in model and crop legumes have been discussed. Additionally, applications of advanced proteomics and metabolomics approaches have also been included in this review for future applications in legume research. The integration of these "omics" approaches will greatly support the identification of accurate biomarkers in legume smart breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Ramalingam
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Hyderabad, India
| | - Himabindu Kudapa
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Hyderabad, India
| | - Lekha T Pazhamala
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Hyderabad, India
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)Hyderabad, India; School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western AustraliaCrawley, WA, Australia
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Hu L, Chen L, Liu L, Lou Y, Amombo E, Fu J. Metabolic acclimation of source and sink tissues to salinity stress in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 155:166-179. [PMID: 25418373 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major environmental factors affecting plant growth and survival by modifying source and sink relationships at physiological and metabolic levels. Individual metabolite levels and/or ratios in sink and source tissues may reflect the complex interplay of metabolic activities in sink and source tissues at the whole-plant level. We used a non-targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) approach to study sink and source tissue-specific metabolite levels and ratios from bermudagrass under salinity stress. Shoot growth rate decreased while root growth rate increased which lead to an increased root/shoot growth rate ratio under salt stress. A clear shift in soluble sugars (sucrose, glucose and fructose) and metabolites linked to nitrogen metabolism (glutamate, aspartate and asparagine) in favor of sink roots was observed, when compared with sink and source leaves. The higher shifts in soluble sugars and metabolites linked to nitrogen metabolism in favor of sink roots may contribute to the root sink strength maintenance that facilitated the recovery of the functional equilibrium between shoot and root, allowing the roots to increase competitive ability for below-ground resource capture. This trait could be considered in breeding programs for increasing salt tolerance, which would help maintain root functioning (i.e. water and nutrient absorption, Na+ exclusion) and adaptation to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longxing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Chutian College of Huanzhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Chutian College of Huanzhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Yanhong Lou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Erick Amombo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jinmin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Zeng J, He X, Quan X, Cai S, Han Y, Nadira UA, Zhang G. Identification of the proteins associated with low potassium tolerance in cultivated and Tibetan wild barley. J Proteomics 2015; 126:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Kumari A, Das P, Parida AK, Agarwal PK. Proteomics, metabolomics, and ionomics perspectives of salinity tolerance in halophytes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:537. [PMID: 26284080 PMCID: PMC4518276 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Halophytes are plants which naturally survive in saline environment. They account for ∼1% of the total flora of the world. They include both dicots and monocots and are distributed mainly in arid, semi-arid inlands and saline wet lands along the tropical and sub-tropical coasts. Salinity tolerance in halophytes depends on a set of ecological and physiological characteristics that allow them to grow and flourish in high saline conditions. The ability of halophytes to tolerate high salt is determined by the effective coordination between various physiological processes, metabolic pathways and protein or gene networks responsible for delivering salinity tolerance. The salinity responsive proteins belong to diverse functional classes such as photosynthesis, redox homeostasis; stress/defense, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, protein metabolism, signal transduction and membrane transport. The important metabolites which are involved in salt tolerance of halophytes are proline and proline analog (4-hydroxy-N-methyl proline), glycine betaine, pinitol, myo-inositol, mannitol, sorbitol, O-methylmucoinositol, and polyamines. In halophytes, the synthesis of specific proteins and osmotically active metabolites control ion and water flux and support scavenging of oxygen radicals under salt stress condition. The present review summarizes the salt tolerance mechanisms of halophytes by elucidating the recent studies that have focused on proteomic, metabolomic, and ionomic aspects of various halophytes in response to salinity. By integrating the information from halophytes and its comparison with glycophytes could give an overview of salt tolerance mechanisms in halophytes, thus laying down the pavement for development of salt tolerant crop plants through genetic modification and effective breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Kumari
- Division of Wasteland Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
| | - Paromita Das
- Division of Wasteland Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
| | - Asish Kumar Parida
- Division of Wasteland Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
| | - Pradeep K. Agarwal
- Division of Wasteland Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
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Sánchez-Martín J, Heald J, Kingston-Smith A, Winters A, Rubiales D, Sanz M, Mur LAJ, Prats E. A metabolomic study in oats (Avena sativa) highlights a drought tolerance mechanism based upon salicylate signalling pathways and the modulation of carbon, antioxidant and photo-oxidative metabolism. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:1434-52. [PMID: 25533379 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Although a wealth of information is available on the induction of one or several drought-related responses in different species, little is known of how their timing, modulation and crucially integration influence drought tolerance. Based upon metabolomic changes in oat (Avena sativa L.), we have defined key processes involved in drought tolerance. During a time course of increasing water deficit, metabolites from leaf samples were profiled using direct infusion-electrospray mass spectroscopy (DI-ESI-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ESI-MS/MS and analysed using principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA). The involvement of metabolite pathways was confirmed through targeted assays of key metabolites and physiological experiments. We demonstrate an early accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) influencing stomatal opening, photorespiration and antioxidant defences before any change in the relative water content. These changes are likely to maintain plant water status, with any photoinhibitory effect being counteracted by an efficient antioxidant capacity, thereby representing an integrated mechanism of drought tolerance in oats. We also discuss these changes in relation to those engaged at later points, consequence of the different water status in susceptible and resistant genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jim Heald
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of Aberystwyth, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Alison Kingston-Smith
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of Aberystwyth, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Ana Winters
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of Aberystwyth, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Diego Rubiales
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Apdo. 4084, Córdoba, 14080, Spain
| | - Mariluz Sanz
- Institute of General Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Luis A J Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of Aberystwyth, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Elena Prats
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Apdo. 4084, Córdoba, 14080, Spain
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Barkla BJ, Vera-Estrella R. Single cell-type comparative metabolomics of epidermal bladder cells from the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:435. [PMID: 26113856 PMCID: PMC4462104 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
One of the remarkable adaptive features of the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum are the specialized modified trichomes called epidermal bladder cells (EBC) which cover the leaves, stems, and peduncle of the plant. They are present from an early developmental stage but upon salt stress rapidly expand due to the accumulation of water and sodium. This particular plant feature makes it an attractive system for single cell type studies, with recent proteomics and transcriptomics studies of the EBC establishing that these cells are metabolically active and have roles other than sodium sequestration. To continue our investigation into the function of these unusual cells we carried out a comprehensive global analysis of the metabolites present in the EBC extract by gas chromatography Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF) and identified 194 known and 722 total molecular features. Statistical analysis of the metabolic changes between control and salt-treated samples identified 352 significantly differing metabolites (268 after correction for FDR). Principal components analysis provided an unbiased evaluation of the data variance structure. Biochemical pathway enrichment analysis suggested significant perturbations in 13 biochemical pathways as defined in KEGG. More than 50% of the metabolites that show significant changes in the EBC, can be classified as compatible solutes and include sugars, sugar alcohols, protein and non-protein amino acids, and organic acids, highlighting the need to maintain osmotic homeostasis to balance the accumulation of Na(+) and Cl(-) ions. Overall, the comparison of metabolic changes in salt treated relative to control samples suggests large alterations in M. crystallinum epidermal bladder cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn J. Barkla
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross UniversityLismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Rosario Vera-Estrella
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCuernavaca, Mexico
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Oliver JE, Sefick SA, Parker JK, Arnold T, Cobine PA, De La Fuente L. Ionome changes in Xylella fastidiosa-infected Nicotiana tabacum correlate with virulence and discriminate between subspecies of bacterial isolates. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2014; 27:1048-58. [PMID: 24983508 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-14-0151-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of ionomes has been used to uncover the basis of nutrient utilization and environmental adaptation of plants. Here, ionomic profiles were used to understand the phenotypic response of a plant to infection by genetically diverse isolates of Xylella fastidiosa, a gram-negative, xylem-limited bacterial plant pathogen. In this study, X. fastidiosa isolates were used to infect a common model host (Nicotiana tabacum 'SR1'), and leaf and sap concentrations of eleven elements together with plant colonization and symptoms were assessed. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that changes in the ionome were significantly correlated with symptom severity and bacterial populations in host petioles. Moreover, plant ionome modification by infection could be used to differentiate the X. fastidiosa subspecies with which the plant was infected. This report establishes host ionome modification as a phenotypic response to infection.
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65
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Wu D, Shen Q, Cai S, Chen ZH, Dai F, Zhang G. Ionomic responses and correlations between elements and metabolites under salt stress in wild and cultivated barley. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 54:1976-88. [PMID: 24058150 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A thorough understanding of ionic detoxification and homeostasis is imperative for improvement of salt tolerance in crops. However, the homeostasis of elements and their relationship to metabolites under salt stress have not been fully elucidated in plants. In this study, Tibetan wild barley accessions, XZ16 and XZ169, differing in salt tolerance, and a salt-tolerant cultivar CM72 were used to investigate ionomic profile changes in tissues in response to 150 and 300 mM NaCl at the germination and seedling stages. At the germination stage, the contents of Ca and Fe significantly decreased in roots, while K and S contents increased, and Ca and Mg contents decreased in shoots, after 10 d of treatment. At the seedling stage, the contents of K, Mg, P and Mn in roots and of K, Ca, Mg and S in shoots decreased significantly after 21 d of treatment. Moreover, Na had a significant negative correlation with metabolites involved in glycolysis, α-ketoglutaric acid, maleic acid and alanine in roots, and metabolites associated with the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, sucrose, polyols and aspartate in leaves. The salt-tolerant genotypes XZ16 and CM72 showed a lower Na content in tissues, and less reduction in Zn and Cu in roots, of Ca, Mg and S in leaves, and shoot DW than the sensitive genotype XZ169, when exposed to a higher salt level. The results indicated that restriction of Na accumulation and rearrangement of nutrient elements and metabolites in barley tissues are possibly attributable to development of salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Wu
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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66
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Lu Y, Lam H, Pi E, Zhan Q, Tsai S, Wang C, Kwan Y, Ngai S. Comparative metabolomics in Glycine max and Glycine soja under salt stress to reveal the phenotypes of their offspring. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:8711-21. [PMID: 23930713 DOI: 10.1021/jf402043m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is developing as an important functional genomics tool for understanding plant systems' response to genetic and environmental changes. Here, we characterized the metabolic changes of cultivated soybean C08 (Glycine max L. Merr) and wild soybean W05 (Glycine soja Sieb.et Zucc.) under salt stress using MS-based metabolomics, in order to reveal the phenotypes of their eight hybrid offspring (9H0086, 9H0124, 9H0391, 9H0736, 9H0380, 9H0400, 9H0434, and 9H0590). Total small molecule extracts of soybean seedling leaves were profiled by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-Fourier transform mass spectrometry (LC-FT/MS). We found that wild soybean contained higher amounts of disaccharides, sugar alcohols, and acetylated amino acids than cultivated soybean, but with lower amounts of monosaccharides, carboxylic acids, and unsaturated fatty acids. Further investigations demonstrated that the ability of soybean to tolerate salt was mainly based on synthesis of compatible solutes, induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers, cell membrane modifications, and induction of plant hormones. On the basis of metabolic phenotype, the salt-tolerance abilities of 9H0086, 9H0124, 9H0391, 9H0736, 9H0380, 9H0400, 9H0434, and 9H0590 were discriminated. Our results demonstrated that MS-based metabolomics provides a fast and powerful approach to discriminate the salt-tolerance characteristics of soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghai Lu
- Centre for Soybean Research of Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences and ‡School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
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Hill CB, Jha D, Bacic A, Tester M, Roessner U. Characterization of ion contents and metabolic responses to salt stress of different Arabidopsis AtHKT1;1 genotypes and their parental strains. MOLECULAR PLANT 2013; 6:350-68. [PMID: 23132143 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sss125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants employ several strategies to maintain cellular ion homeostasis under salinity stress, including mediating ion fluxes by transmembrane transport proteins and adjusting osmotic pressure by accumulating osmolytes. The HKT (high-affinity potassium transporter) gene family comprises Na(+) and Na(+)/K(+) transporters in diverse plant species, with HKT1;1 as the only member in Arabidopsis thaliana. Cell-type-specific overexpression of AtHKT1;1 has been shown to prevent shoot Na(+) overaccumulation under salinity stress. Here, we analyzed a broad range of metabolites and elements in shoots and roots of different AtHKT1;1 genotypes and their parental strains before and after salinity stress, revealing a reciprocal relationship of metabolite differences between an AtHKT1;1 knockout line (hkt1;1) and the AtHKT1;1 overexpressing lines (E2586 UAS GAL4 :HKT1;1 and J2731*UAS GAL4 :HKT1;1). Although levels of root sugars were increased after salt stress in both AtHKT1;1 overexpressing lines, E2586 UAS GAL4 :HKT1;1 showed higher accumulation of the osmoprotectants trehalose, gentiobiose, and melibiose, whereas J2731*UAS GAL4 :HKT1;1 showed higher levels of sucrose and raffinose, compared with their parental lines, respectively. In contrast, the knockout line hkt1;1 showed strong increases in the levels of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates in the shoots after salt treatment. This coincided with a significant depletion of sugars, suggesting that there is an increased rate of carbon influx into the TCA cycle at a constant rate of C-efflux from the cycle, which might be needed to support plant survival during salt stress. Using correlation analysis, we identified associations between the Na(+) content and several sugars, suggesting that regulation of sugar metabolism is important in plant responses to salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla B Hill
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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68
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Metabolomics as a tool to investigate abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:4885-911. [PMID: 23455464 PMCID: PMC3634444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14034885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolites reflect the integration of gene expression, protein interaction and other different regulatory processes and are therefore closer to the phenotype than mRNA transcripts or proteins alone. Amongst all –omics technologies, metabolomics is the most transversal and can be applied to different organisms with little or no modifications. It has been successfully applied to the study of molecular phenotypes of plants in response to abiotic stress in order to find particular patterns associated to stress tolerance. These studies have highlighted the essential involvement of primary metabolites: sugars, amino acids and Krebs cycle intermediates as direct markers of photosynthetic dysfunction as well as effectors of osmotic readjustment. On the contrary, secondary metabolites are more specific of genera and species and respond to particular stress conditions as antioxidants, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) scavengers, coenzymes, UV and excess radiation screen and also as regulatory molecules. In addition, the induction of secondary metabolites by several abiotic stress conditions could also be an effective mechanism of cross-protection against biotic threats, providing a link between abiotic and biotic stress responses. Moreover, the presence/absence and relative accumulation of certain metabolites along with gene expression data provides accurate markers (mQTL or MWAS) for tolerant crop selection in breeding programs.
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69
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Benina M, Obata T, Mehterov N, Ivanov I, Petrov V, Toneva V, Fernie AR, Gechev TS. Comparative metabolic profiling of Haberlea rhodopensis, Thellungiella halophyla, and Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to low temperature. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:499. [PMID: 24376451 PMCID: PMC3859123 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Haberlea rhodopensis is a resurrection species with extreme resistance to drought stress and desiccation but also with ability to withstand low temperatures and freezing stress. In order to identify biochemical strategies which contribute to Haberlea's remarkable stress tolerance, the metabolic reconfiguration of H. rhodopensis during low temperature (4°C) and subsequent return to optimal temperatures (21°C) was investigated and compared with that of the stress tolerant Thellungiella halophyla and the stress sensitive Arabidopsis thaliana. Metabolic analysis by GC-MS revealed intrinsic differences in the metabolite levels of the three species even at 21°C. H. rhodopensis had significantly more raffinose, melibiose, trehalose, rhamnose, myo-inositol, sorbitol, galactinol, erythronate, threonate, 2-oxoglutarate, citrate, and glycerol than the other two species. A. thaliana had the highest levels of putrescine and fumarate, while T. halophila had much higher levels of several amino acids, including alanine, asparagine, beta-alanine, histidine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, and valine. In addition, the three species responded differently to the low temperature treatment and the subsequent recovery, especially with regard to the sugar metabolism. Chilling induced accumulation of maltose in H. rhodopensis and raffinose in A. thaliana but the raffinose levels in low temperature exposed Arabidopsis were still much lower than these in unstressed Haberlea. While all species accumulated sucrose during chilling, that accumulation was transient in H. rhodopensis and A. thaliana but sustained in T. halophila after the return to optimal temperature. Thus, Haberlea's metabolome appeared primed for chilling stress but the low temperature acclimation induced additional stress-protective mechanisms. A diverse array of sugars, organic acids, and polyols constitute Haberlea's main metabolic defence mechanisms against chilling, while accumulation of amino acids and amino acid derivatives contribute to the low temperature acclimation in Arabidopsis and Thellungiella. Collectively, these results show inherent differences in the metabolomes under the ambient temperature and the strategies to respond to low temperature in the three species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Benina
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, University of PlovdivPlovdiv, Bulgaria
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyPlovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- Department Willmitzer, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Nikolay Mehterov
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, University of PlovdivPlovdiv, Bulgaria
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyPlovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, University of PlovdivPlovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Veselin Petrov
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, University of PlovdivPlovdiv, Bulgaria
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyPlovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Valentina Toneva
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, University of PlovdivPlovdiv, Bulgaria
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyPlovdiv, Bulgaria
- *Correspondence: Valentina Toneva, Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, 24 Tsar Assen str., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria e-mail:
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Department Willmitzer, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Tsanko S. Gechev
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, University of PlovdivPlovdiv, Bulgaria
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyPlovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of PotsdamPotsdam, Germany
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Rasmussen S, Parsons AJ, Jones CS. Metabolomics of forage plants: a review. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 110:1281-90. [PMID: 22351485 PMCID: PMC3478039 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forage plant breeding is under increasing pressure to deliver new cultivars with improved yield, quality and persistence to the pastoral industry. New innovations in DNA sequencing technologies mean that quantitative trait loci analysis and marker-assisted selection approaches are becoming faster and cheaper, and are increasingly used in the breeding process with the aim to speed it up and improve its precision. High-throughput phenotyping is currently a major bottle neck and emerging technologies such as metabolomics are being developed to bridge the gap between genotype and phenotype; metabolomics studies on forages are reviewed in this article. SCOPE Major challenges for pasture production arise from the reduced availability of resources, mainly water, nitrogen and phosphorus, and metabolomics studies on metabolic responses to these abiotic stresses in Lolium perenne and Lotus species will be discussed here. Many forage plants can be associated with symbiotic microorganisms such as legumes with nitrogen fixing rhizobia, grasses and legumes with phosphorus-solubilizing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and cool temperate grasses with fungal anti-herbivorous alkaloid-producing Neotyphodium endophytes and metabolomics studies have shown that these associations can significantly affect the metabolic composition of forage plants. The combination of genetics and metabolomics, also known as genetical metabolomics can be a powerful tool to identify genetic regions related to specific metabolites or metabolic profiles, but this approach has not been widely adopted for forages yet, and we argue here that more studies are needed to improve our chances of success in forage breeding. CONCLUSIONS Metabolomics combined with other '-omics' technologies and genome sequencing can be invaluable tools for large-scale geno- and phenotyping of breeding populations, although the implementation of these approaches in forage breeding programmes still lags behind. The majority of studies using metabolomics approaches have been performed with model species or cereals and findings from these studies are not easily translated to forage species. To be most effective these approaches should be accompanied by whole-plant physiology and proof of concept (modelling) studies. Wider considerations of possible consequences of novel traits on the fitness of new cultivars and symbiotic associations need also to be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Rasmussen
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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71
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Obata T, Fernie AR. The use of metabolomics to dissect plant responses to abiotic stresses. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3225-43. [PMID: 22885821 PMCID: PMC3437017 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plant metabolism is perturbed by various abiotic stresses. As such the metabolic network of plants must be reconfigured under stress conditions in order to allow both the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis and the production of compounds that ameliorate the stress. The recent development and adoption of metabolomics and systems biology approaches enable us not only to gain a comprehensive overview, but also a detailed analysis of crucial components of the plant metabolic response to abiotic stresses. In this review we introduce the analytical methods used for plant metabolomics and describe their use in studies related to the metabolic response to water, temperature, light, nutrient limitation, ion and oxidative stresses. Both similarity and specificity of the metabolic responses against diverse abiotic stress are evaluated using data available in the literature. Classically discussed stress compounds such as proline, γ-amino butyrate and polyamines are reviewed, and the widespread importance of branched chain amino acid metabolism under stress condition is discussed. Finally, where possible, mechanistic insights into metabolic regulatory processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Obata
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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72
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Saeed M, Dahab AHA, Wangzhen G, Tianzhen Z. A cascade of recently discovered molecular mechanisms involved in abiotic stress tolerance of plants. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2012; 16:188-99. [PMID: 22433075 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2011.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Today, agriculture is facing a tremendous threat from the climate change menace. As human survival is dependent on a constant supply of food from plants as the primary producers, we must aware of the underlying molecular mechanisms that plants have acquired as a result of molecular evolution to cope this rapidly changing environment. This understanding will help us in designing programs aimed at developing crop plant cultivars best suited to our needs of a sustainable agriculture. The field of systems biology is rapidly progressing, and new insight is coming out about the molecular mechanisms involved in abiotic stress tolerance. There is a cascade of changes in transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome of plants during these stress responses. We have tried to cover most pronounced recent developments in the field of "omics" related to abiotic stress tolerance of plants. These changes are very coordinated, and often there is crosstalk between different components of stress tolerance. The functions of various molecular entities are becoming more clear and being associated with more precise biological phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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73
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Abstract
Soil salinity devastates agriculture. It reduces crop yields and makes arable land unsuitable for later use. Many species have evolved highly efficient strategies to sense, transduce, and build up tolerance to high salinity and even sensitive species have endogenous mechanism for coping with this stress. These underlying physiological and metabolic mechanisms can be unraveled using metabolomics. Here we describe detailed protocols of how to extract polar metabolites for analysis using GC-MS and LC-MS. We also touch briefly on considerations that should be taken into account when designing the experiment and how the resulting data may be analyzed and visualized in a biological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Roessner
- ACPFG Centre for Plant Functional Genomics and Metabolomics Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Sanchez DH, Schwabe F, Erban A, Udvardi MK, Kopka J. Comparative metabolomics of drought acclimation in model and forage legumes. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2012; 35:136-49. [PMID: 21902697 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02423.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Water limitation has become a major concern for agriculture. Such constraints reinforce the urgent need to understand mechanisms by which plants cope with water deprivation. We used a non-targeted metabolomic approach to explore plastic systems responses to non-lethal drought in model and forage legume species of the Lotus genus. In the model legume Lotus. japonicus, increased water stress caused gradual increases of most of the soluble small molecules profiled, reflecting a global and progressive reprogramming of metabolic pathways. The comparative metabolomic approach between Lotus species revealed conserved and unique metabolic responses to drought stress. Importantly, only few drought-responsive metabolites were conserved among all species. Thus we highlight a potential impediment to translational approaches that aim to engineer traits linked to the accumulation of compatible solutes. Finally, a broad comparison of the metabolic changes elicited by drought and salt acclimation revealed partial conservation of these metabolic stress responses within each of the Lotus species, but only few salt- and drought-responsive metabolites were shared between all. The implications of these results are discussed with regard to the current insights into legume water stress physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego H Sanchez
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
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Escaray FJ, Menendez AB, Gárriz A, Pieckenstain FL, Estrella MJ, Castagno LN, Carrasco P, Sanjuán J, Ruiz OA. Ecological and agronomic importance of the plant genus Lotus. Its application in grassland sustainability and the amelioration of constrained and contaminated soils. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 182:121-33. [PMID: 22118623 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The genus Lotus comprises around 100 annual and perennial species with worldwide distribution. The relevance of Lotus japonicus as a model plant has been recently demonstrated in numerous studies. In addition, some of the Lotus species show a great potential for adaptation to a number of abiotic stresses. Therefore, they are relevant components of grassland ecosystems in environmentally constrained areas of several South American countries and Australia, where they are used for livestock production. Also, the fact that the roots of these species form rhizobial and mycorrhizal associations makes the annual L. japonicus a suitable model plant for legumes, particularly in studies directed to recognize the mechanisms intervening in the tolerance to abiotic factors in the field, where these interactions occur. These properties justify the increased utilization of some Lotus species as a strategy for dunes revegetation and reclamation of heavy metal-contaminated or burned soils in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Escaray
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús UNSAM/CONICET, 7130, Camino circunvalación laguna km 6, Chascomús, Argentina
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