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Kost MA, Perales H, Wijeratne S, Wijeratne AJ, Stockinger EJ, Mercer KL. Transcriptional differentiation of UV-B protectant genes in maize landraces spanning an elevational gradient in Chiapas, Mexico. Evol Appl 2020; 13:1949-1967. [PMID: 32908597 PMCID: PMC7463351 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, farmers cultivate and maintain crop landraces (i.e., traditional varieties). Landraces contain unique diversity shaped in part by natural and human-mediated selection and are an indispensable resource for farmers. Since environmental conditions change with elevation, crop landraces grown along elevational gradients have provided ideal locations to explore patterns of local adaptation. To further probe traits underlying this differentiation, transcriptome signatures can help provide a foundation for understanding the ways in which functional genetic diversity may be shaped by environment. In this study, we returned to an elevational gradient in Chiapas, Mexico, to assess transcriptional differentiation of genes underlying UV-B protection in locally adapted maize landraces from multiple elevations. We collected and planted landraces from three elevational zones (lowland, approximately 600 m; midland, approximately 1,550 m; highland approximately 2,100 m) in a common garden at 1,531 m. Using RNA-seq data derived from leaf tissue, we performed differential expression analysis between maize from these distinct elevations. Highland and lowland landraces displayed differential expression in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis genes involved in the production of UV-B protectants and did so at a rate greater than expected based on observed background transcriptional differentiation across the genome. These findings provide evidence for the differentiation of suites of genes involved in complex ecologically relevant pathways. Thus, while neutral evolutionary processes may have played a role in the observed patterns of differentiation, UV-B may have also acted as a selective pressure to differentiate maize landraces in the region. Studies of the distribution of functional crop genetic diversity across variable landscapes can aid us in understanding the response of diversity to abiotic/biotic change and, ultimately, may facilitate its conservation and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Kost
- Department of Horticulture and Crop ScienceThe Ohio State UniversityWoosterOHUSA
| | - Hugo Perales
- Departamento de Agricultura, Sociedad y AmbienteEl Colegio de la Frontera SurSan Cristóbal de Las CasasChiapasMexico
| | - Saranga Wijeratne
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging CenterOhio Agricultural Research and Development CenterThe Ohio State UniversityWoosterOHUSA
| | - Asela J. Wijeratne
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging CenterOhio Agricultural Research and Development CenterThe Ohio State UniversityWoosterOHUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesArkansas State UniversityJonesboroARUSA
| | - Eric J. Stockinger
- Department of Horticulture and Crop ScienceThe Ohio State UniversityWoosterOHUSA
| | - Kristin L. Mercer
- Department of Horticulture and Crop SciencesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
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Hayashi S, Watanabe M, Kobayashi M, Tohge T, Hashimoto T, Shoji T. Genetic Manipulation of Transcriptional Regulators Alters Nicotine Biosynthesis in Tobacco. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1041-1053. [PMID: 32191315 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The toxic alkaloid nicotine is produced in the roots of Nicotiana species and primarily accumulates in leaves as a specialized metabolite. A series of metabolic and transport genes involved in the nicotine pathway are coordinately upregulated by a pair of jasmonate-responsive AP2/ERF-family transcription factors, NtERF189 and NtERF199, in the roots of Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco). In this study, we explored the potential of manipulating the expression of these transcriptional regulators to alter nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco. The transient overexpression of NtERF189 led to alkaloid production in the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicotiana alata. This ectopic production was further enhanced by co-overexpressing a gene encoding a basic helix-loop-helix-family MYC2 transcription factor. Constitutive and leaf-specific overexpression of NtERF189 increased the accumulation of foliar alkaloids in transgenic tobacco plants but negatively affected plant growth. By contrast, in a knockout mutant of NtERF189 and NtERF199 obtained through CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing, alkaloid levels were drastically reduced without causing major growth defects. Metabolite profiling revealed the impact of manipulating the nicotine pathway on a wide range of nitrogen- and carbon-containing metabolites. Our findings provide insights into the biotechnological applications of engineering metabolic pathways by targeting transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Hayashi
- Department of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0101 Japan
| | - Mutsumi Watanabe
- Department of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0101 Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Department of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0101 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Department of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0101 Japan
| | - Tsubasa Shoji
- Department of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0101 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
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Liu Y, Liu J, Abozeid A, Wu KX, Guo XR, Mu LQ, Tang ZH. UV-B Radiation Largely Promoted the Transformation of Primary Metabolites to Phenols in Astragalus mongholicus Seedlings. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E504. [PMID: 32225015 PMCID: PMC7226020 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
: Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation (280-320 nm) may induce photobiological stress in plants, activate the plant defense system, and induce changes of metabolites. In our previous work, we found that between the two Astragalus varieties prescribed by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Astragalus mongholicus has better tolerance to UV-B. Thus, it is necessary to study the metabolic strategy of Astragalus under UV-B radiation further. In the present study, we used untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS techniques) to investigate the profiles of primary and secondary metabolic. The profiles revealed the metabolic response of Astragalus to UV-B radiation. We then used real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to obtain the transcription level of relevant genes under UV-B radiation (UV-B supplemented in the field, λmax = 313 nm, 30 W, lamp-leaf distance = 60 cm, 40 min·day-1), which annotated the responsive mechanism of phenolic metabolism in roots. Our results indicated that supplemental UV-B radiation induced a stronger shift from carbon assimilation to carbon accumulation. The flux through the phenylpropanoids pathway increased due to the mobilization of carbon reserves. The response of metabolism was observed to be significantly tissue-specific upon the UV-B radiation treatment. Among phenolic compounds, C6C1 carbon compounds (phenolic acids in leaves) and C6C3C6 carbon compounds (flavones in leaves and isoflavones in roots) increased at the expense of C6C3 carbon compounds. Verification experiments show that the response of phenolics in roots to UV-B is activated by upregulation of relevant genes rather than phenylalanine. Overall, this study reveals the tissues-specific alteration and mechanism of primary and secondary metabolic strategy in response to UV-B radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ann Abozeid
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-koom 32511, Egypt
| | - Ke-Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Li-Qiang Mu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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Sun YQ, Zhao W, Xu CQ, Xu Y, El-Kassaby YA, De La Torre AR, Mao JF. Genetic Variation Related to High Elevation Adaptation Revealed by Common Garden Experiments in Pinus yunnanensis. Front Genet 2020; 10:1405. [PMID: 32117429 PMCID: PMC7027398 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Local adaptation, adaptation to specialized niches and environmental clines have been extensively reported for forest trees. Investigation of the adaptive genetic variation is crucial for forest resource management and breeding, especially in the context of global climate change. Here, we utilized a Pinus yunnanensis common garden experiments established at high and low elevation sites to assess the differences in growth and survival among populations and between the two common garden sites. The studied traits showed significant variation between the two test sites and among populations, suggesting adaptive divergence. To detect genetic variation related to environment, we captured 103,608 high quality SNPs based on RNA sequencing, and used them to assess the genetic diversity and population structure. We identified 321 outlier SNPs from 131 genes showing significant divergence in allelic frequency between survival populations of two sites. Functional categories associated with adaptation to high elevation were found to be related to flavonoid biosynthesis, response to UV, DNA repair, response to reactive oxygen species, and membrane lipid metabolic process. Further investigation of the outlier genes showed overrepresentation of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, suggesting that this pathway may play a key role in P. yunnanensis adaptation to high elevation environments. The outlier genes identified, and their variants, provide a basic reference for advanced investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qiang Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao-Qun Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Yousry A. El-Kassaby
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Jian-Feng Mao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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55
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Davies KM, Jibran R, Zhou Y, Albert NW, Brummell DA, Jordan BR, Bowman JL, Schwinn KE. The Evolution of Flavonoid Biosynthesis: A Bryophyte Perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:7. [PMID: 32117358 PMCID: PMC7010833 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The flavonoid pathway is one of the best characterized specialized metabolite pathways of plants. In angiosperms, the flavonoids have varied roles in assisting with tolerance to abiotic stress and are also key for signaling to pollinators and seed dispersal agents. The pathway is thought to be specific to land plants and to have arisen during the period of land colonization around 550-470 million years ago. In this review we consider current knowledge of the flavonoid pathway in the bryophytes, consisting of the liverworts, hornworts, and mosses. The pathway is less characterized for bryophytes than angiosperms, and the first genetic and molecular studies on bryophytes are finding both commonalities and significant differences in flavonoid biosynthesis and pathway regulation between angiosperms and bryophytes. This includes biosynthetic pathway branches specific to each plant group and the apparent complete absence of flavonoids from the hornworts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Davies
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Rubina Jibran
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Yanfei Zhou
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nick W. Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - David A. Brummell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Brian R. Jordan
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John L. Bowman
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathy E. Schwinn
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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56
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Zeng X, Yuan H, Dong X, Peng M, Jing X, Xu Q, Tang T, Wang Y, Zha S, Gao M, Li C, Shu C, Wei Z, Qimei W, Basang Y, Dunzhu J, Li Z, Bai L, Shi J, Zheng Z, Yu S, Fernie AR, Luo J, Nyima T. Genome-wide Dissection of Co-selected UV-B Responsive Pathways in the UV-B Adaptation of Qingke. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:112-127. [PMID: 31669581 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Qingke (Tibetan hulless barley) has long been cultivated and exposed to long-term and strong UV-B radiation on the Tibetan Plateau, which renders it an ideal species for elucidating novel UV-B responsive mechanisms in plants. Here we report a comprehensive metabolite profiling and metabolite-based genome-wide association study (mGWAS) using 196 diverse qingke and barley accessions. Our results demonstrated both constitutive and induced accumulation, and common genetic regulation, of metabolites from different branches of the phenylpropanoid pathway that are involved in UV-B protection. A total of 90 significant mGWAS loci for these metabolites were identified in barley-qingke differentiation regions, and a number of high-level metabolite trait alleles were found to be significantly enriched in qingke, suggesting co-selection of various phenylpropanoids. Upon dissecting the entire phenylpropanoid pathway, we identified some key determinants controlling natural variation of phenylpropanoid content, including three novel proteins, a flavone C-pentosyltransferase, a tyramine hydroxycinnamoyl acyltransferase, and a MYB transcription factor. Our study, furthermore, demonstrated co-selection of both constitutive and induced phenylpropanoids for UV-B protection in qingke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingquan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850002, China; Research Institute of Agriculture, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China; Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China
| | - Hongjun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850002, China; Research Institute of Agriculture, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China; Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China
| | - Xuekui Dong
- Wuhan Metware Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Meng Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde, 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xinyu Jing
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850002, China; Research Institute of Agriculture, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China; Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China
| | - Tang Tang
- Wuhan Metware Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850002, China; Research Institute of Agriculture, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China; Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China
| | - Sang Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850002, China; Research Institute of Agriculture, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China; Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Wuhan Metware Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Congzhi Li
- Wuhan Metware Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Chujin Shu
- Wuhan Metware Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Zexiu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850002, China; Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China; Agricultural Resources and Environment Research Institute, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China
| | - Wangmu Qimei
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850002, China; Research Institute of Agriculture, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China; Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China
| | - Yuzhen Basang
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850002, China; Research Institute of Agriculture, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China; Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China
| | - Jiabu Dunzhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850002, China; Research Institute of Agriculture, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China; Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China
| | - Zeqing Li
- Wuhan Igenebook Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Lijun Bai
- Chengdu Life Baseline Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Wuhan Metware Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Zhigang Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sibin Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 144776, Germany
| | - Jie Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 572208, China.
| | - Tashi Nyima
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850002, China; Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China.
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Wang Z, Wang S, Xiao Y, Li Z, Wu M, Xie X, Li H, Mu W, Li F, Liu P, Wang R, Yang J. Functional characterization of a HD-ZIP IV transcription factor NtHDG2 in regulating flavonols biosynthesis in Nicotiana tabacum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 146:259-268. [PMID: 31778931 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The HD-ZIP Ⅳ transcription factors have been identified and functional characterized in many plant species. However, no tobacco HD-ZIP IV gene has been isolated, and it is not yet known whether HD-ZIP IV genes are involved in controlling flavonols accumulation in plants. Here, we cloned a HD ZIP gene named NtHDG2 from Nicotiana tabacum, which belongs to the class IV of HD-ZIP family, and the NtHDG2-GFP fusion protein is localized to the nucleus. We further observed that the flavonols contents in the NtHDG2 overexpression leaves increase to 1.9-4.5 folds of that in WT plants, but in the NtHDG2-RNAi plants the flavonols contents reduce to 20.9%-52.7% of that in WT plants. The transcriptions of one regulatory gene NtMYB12, and three structural genes (NtPAL, NtF3'H, NtF3GT), contributing to flavonols biosynthesis, were significantly induced by NtHDG2. However, the transcription level of NtNAC002, a flavonols biosynthesis repressor, was also significantly up-regulated in NtHDG2-overexpression lines, but significantly down-regulated in the RNAi lines, indicating that HDG2 regulates the synthesis of flavonols as a complex regulatory network. Moreover, ectopic expression of NtHDG2 gene promoted the transcription of several AP2/ERF genes, including NtERF1-5, NtERF109, NtDREB1, and NtCIPK11, which participate in regulating root development and resistance to abiotic stresses. Our findings reveal the new function of HD-ZIP IV transcription factors in flavonoids biosynthesis, and indicate that HD-ZIP IV members may play an important role in plant resistance to abiotic stress. The NtHDG2 gene provides a promising target for genetically manipulating to increase the amounts of flavonols in tobacco leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Wang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Xiangyang Cigarette Factory, China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd., Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China
| | - Yansong Xiao
- Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Chenzhou, Hunan, 423000, China
| | - Zefeng Li
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Mingzhu Wu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hongguang Li
- Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Chenzhou, Hunan, 423000, China
| | - Wenjun Mu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Feng Li
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Pingping Liu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ran Wang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jun Yang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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58
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Takahashi F, Kuromori T, Urano K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K. Drought Stress Responses and Resistance in Plants: From Cellular Responses to Long-Distance Intercellular Communication. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:556972. [PMID: 33013974 PMCID: PMC7511591 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.556972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The drought stress responses of vascular plants are complex regulatory mechanisms because they include various physiological responses from signal perception under water deficit conditions to the acquisition of drought stress resistance at the whole-plant level. It is thought that plants first recognize water deficit conditions in roots and that several molecular signals then move from roots to shoots. Finally, a phytohormone, abscisic acid (ABA) is synthesized mainly in leaves. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of stress sensors and the regulators that initiate ABA biosynthesis in response to drought stress conditions are still unclear. Another important issue is how plants adjust ABA propagation, stress-mediated gene expression and metabolite composition to acquire drought stress resistance in different tissues throughout the whole plant. In this review, we summarize recent advances in research on drought stress responses, focusing on long-distance signaling from roots to shoots, ABA synthesis and transport, and metabolic regulation in both cellular and whole-plant levels of Arabidopsis and crops. We also discuss coordinated mechanisms for acquiring drought stress adaptations and resistance via tissue-to-tissue communication and long-distance signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Takahashi
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Fuminori Takahashi,
| | - Takashi Kuromori
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Kaoru Urano
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan
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Yang B, Chen M, Wang T, Chen X, Li Y, Wang X, Zhu W, Xia L, Hu X, Tian J. A metabolomic strategy revealed the role of JA and SA balance in Clematis terniflora DC. Response to UVB radiation and dark. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 167:232-249. [PMID: 30467852 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Clematis terniflora DC. is a valuable resource with potential high pharmaceutical value. Proteomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of C. terniflora that has been exposed to high levels of UVB irradiation and dark conditions (HUVB + D) have revealed the mechanisms underlying its medicinal potential. However, the signal transduction pathways and the mechanisms of regulation for the accumulation of secondary metabolites remain unclear. In this study, we show that the jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) signals were activated in C. terniflora in response to HUVB + D. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated that the perturbation in JA and SA balance led to additional reallocation of carbon and nitrogen resources. Evaluating the fold change ratios of differentially changed metabolites proved that JA signal enhanced the transformation of nitrogen to carbon through the 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt pathway, which increased the carbon reserve to be utilized in the production of secondary metabolites. However, SA signal induced the synthesis of proline, while avoiding the accumulation of secondary metabolites. Over all, the results indicate that the co-increase of JA and SA reconstructed the dynamic stability of transformation from nitrogen to carbon, which effectively enhanced the oxidative defense to HUVB + D in C. terniflora by increasing the secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxian Yang
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Chen
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tantan Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaohan Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li'an Xia
- Benxi Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone, Benxi, China
| | - Xingjiang Hu
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingkui Tian
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Le QTN, Sugi N, Furukawa J, Kobayashi M, Saito K, Kusano M, Shiba H. Association analysis of phenotypic and metabolomic changes in Arabidopsis accessions and their F 1 hybrids affected by different photoperiod and sucrose supply. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2019; 36:155-165. [PMID: 31768117 PMCID: PMC6854347 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.19.0604a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoperiod and sucrose (Suc) assimilation play important roles in the regulation of plant growth and development. However, it remains unclear how natural variation of plants could contribute to metabolic changes under various growth conditions. Here, we investigated the developmental and metabolomic responses of two natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana, Columbia (Col) and C24, and their reciprocal F1 hybrids grown under four carbon source regimens, i.e., two different photoperiods and the presence or absence of exogenous Suc supply. The effect of exogenous Suc clearly appeared in the growth of Col and the F1 hybrid but not in C24, whereas long-day conditions had significant positive effects on the growth of all lines. Comparative metabolite profiling of Col, C24, and the F1 hybrid revealed that changes in metabolite levels, particularly sugars, were highly dependent on genotype-specific responses rather than growth conditions. The presence of Suc led to over-accumulation of seven metabolites, including four sugars, a polyamine, and two amino acids in C24, whereas no such accumulation was observed in the profiles of Col and the F1 hybrid. Thus, the comparative metabolite profiling revealed that the two parental lines of the hybrid show a distinct difference in sugar metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Thi Ngoc Le
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Naoya Sugi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Jun Furukawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Miyako Kusano
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shiba
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- E-mail: Tel & Fax: +81-29-853-6355
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Dai Z, Tan J, Zhou C, Yang X, Yang F, Zhang S, Sun S, Miao X, Shi Z. The OsmiR396-OsGRF8-OsF3H-flavonoid pathway mediates resistance to the brown planthopper in rice (Oryza sativa). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:1657-1669. [PMID: 30734457 PMCID: PMC6662109 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Multi-functional microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as key modulators of plant-pathogen interactions. Although the involvement of some miRNAs in plant-insect interactions has been revealed, the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. The brown planthopper (BPH) is the most notorious rice (Oryza sativa)-specific insect that causes severe yield losses each year and requires urgent biological control. To reveal the miRNAs involved in rice-BPH interactions, we performed miRNA sequencing and identified BPH-responsive OsmiR396. Sequestering OsmiR396 by overexpressing target mimicry (MIM396) in three genetic backgrounds indicated that OsmiR396 negatively regulated BPH resistance. Overexpression of one BPH-responsive target gene of OsmiR396, growth regulating factor 8 (OsGRF8), showed resistance to BPH. Furthermore, the flavonoid contents increased in both the OsmiR396-sequestered and the OsGRF8 overexpressing plants. By analysing 39 natural rice varieties, the elevated flavonoid contents were found to correlate with enhanced BPH resistance. Artificial applications of flavonoids to wild type (WT) plants also increased resistance to BPH. A BPH-responsive flavanone 3-hydroxylase (OsF3H) gene in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway was proved to be directly regulated by OsGRF8. A genetic functional analysis of OsF3H revealed its positive role in mediating both the flavonoid contents and BPH resistance. And analysis of the genetic correlation between OsmiR396 and OsF3H showed that down-regulation of OsF3H complemented the BPH resistance characteristic and simultaneously decreased the flavonoid contents of the MIM396 plants. Thus, we revealed a new BPH resistance mechanism mediated by the OsmiR396-OsGRF8-OsF3H-flavonoid pathway. Our study suggests potential applications of miRNAs in BPH resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary BiologyInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Jiang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary BiologyInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Cong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xiaofang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary BiologyInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Shijuan Zhang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Life‐Organic AnalysisQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
| | - Shichen Sun
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and TillageHeilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Northern Japonica Rice Molecular Breeding Joint Research CenterChinese Academy of SciencesHaerbinChina
| | - Xuexia Miao
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary BiologyInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Zhenying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary BiologyInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
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Yang B, Zhong Z, Wang T, Ou Y, Tian J, Komatsu S, Zhang L. Integrative omics of Lonicera japonica Thunb. Flower development unravels molecular changes regulating secondary metabolites. J Proteomics 2019; 208:103470. [PMID: 31374363 PMCID: PMC7102679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lonicera japonica Thunb. is an important medicinal plant. The secondary metabolites in L. japonica are diverse and vary in levels during development, leading to the ambiguous evaluation for its medical value. In order to reveal the regulatory mechanism of secondary metabolites during the flowering stages, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses were performed. The integration analysis of omic-data illustrated that the metabolic changes over the flower developmental stages were mainly involved in sugar metabolism, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, carbon conversion, and secondary metabolism. Further proteomic analysis revealed that uniquely identified proteins were mainly involved in glycolysis/phenylpropanoids and tricarboxylic acid cycle/terpenoid backbone pathways in early and late stages, respectively. Transketolase was commonly identified in the 5 developmental stages and 2-fold increase in gold flowering stage compared with juvenile bud stage. Simple phenylpropanoids/flavonoids and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate were accumulated in early stages and upregulated in late stages, respectively. These results indicate that phenylpropanoids were accumulated attributing to the activated glycolysis process in the early stages, while the terpenoids biosynthetic pathways might be promoted by the transketolase-contained regulatory circuit in the late stages of L. japonica flower development. Biological Significance Lonicera japonica Thunb. is a native species in the East Asian and used in traditional Chinese medicine. In order to reveal the regulatory mechanism of secondary metabolites during the flowering stages, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses were performed. The integration analysis of omic-data illustrated that the metabolic changes over the flower developmental stages were mainly involved in sugar metabolism, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, carbon conversion, and secondary metabolism. Our results indicate that phenylpropanoids were accumulated attributing to the activated glycolysis process in the early stages, while the terpenoids biosynthetic pathways might be promoted by the transketolase-contained regulatory circuit in the late stages of L. japonica flower development. Metabolic changes were mainly involved in sugar metabolism, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, and carbon conversion. The unique DAPs were mainly involved in glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle in early and late stages, respectively. Transketolase was commonly identified and 2-fold increase in gold flowering stage compared with juvenile bud stage. Simple phenylpropanoids/flavonoids and DXPS were accumulated in early stages and upregulated in late stages, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxian Yang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhuoheng Zhong
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tantan Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuting Ou
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jingkui Tian
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Faculty of Environmental and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Zhan X, Shen Q, Chen J, Yang P, Wang X, Hong Y. Rice sulfoquinovosyltransferase SQD2.1 mediates flavonoid glycosylation and enhances tolerance to osmotic stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2215-2230. [PMID: 30942482 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Sulfoquinovosyltransferase 2 (SQD2) catalyses the final step in the sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) biosynthetic pathway. It is involved in the phosphate starvation response. Here, we show that rice SQD2.1 has dual activities catalysing SQDG synthesis and flavonoid glycosylation. SQD2.1 null mutants (sqd2.1) in rice had decreased levels of glycosidic flavonoids, particularly apigenin 7-O-glucoside (A7G), whereas these metabolites were increased in rice plants overexpressing SQD2.1. The sqd2.1 mutants and SQD2.1 overexpressing lines showed reduced and enhanced, respectively, tolerance to salinity and drought. Treating the sqd2.1 mutants with A7G decreased oxidative damage and restored stress tolerance to the wild-type levels. These findings demonstrate that SQD2.1 has a novel function in the glycosylation of flavonoids that is required for osmotic stress tolerance in rice. The novel activity of SQD2.1 in the production of glycosidic flavonoids improves scavenging of reactive oxygen species and protects against excessive oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiao Zhan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qingwen Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Pei Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri, 63121
- Donald Danforth plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132
| | - Yueyun Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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GÜRBÜZ P. Flavonoid Glycosides from Heracleum pastinaca Fenzl. Turk J Pharm Sci 2019; 16:191-195. [PMID: 32454713 PMCID: PMC7227961 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2018.53215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective was to isolate and characterize the secondary metabolites of Heracleum pastinaca, which has not been previously investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Conventional chromatographic procedures were carried out for isolation of the compounds. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by extensive 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis in combination with mass spectrometry experiments and comparison with the relevant literature data. RESULTS This first phytochemical investigation on all parts of H. pastinaca Fenzl led to the isolation and identification of seven known flavonoid glycosides: isoquercetin (1), rutin (2), afzelin (3), astragalin (4), isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside (5), nicotiflorin (6), and narcissoside (7). CONCLUSION This is the first report on the isolation of these flavonoid glycosides from H. pastinaca and compounds 3, 5, 6, and 7 from the genus Heracleum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perihan GÜRBÜZ
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Kayseri, Turkey
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Kaducová M, Monje-Rueda MD, García-Calderón M, Pérez-Delgado CM, Eliášová A, Gajdošová S, Petruľová V, Betti M, Márquez AJ, Paľove-Balang P. Induction of isoflavonoid biosynthesis in Lotus japonicus after UV-B irradiation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 236:88-95. [PMID: 30939333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced ultraviolet radiation (UV) is an important environmental factor that may cause reductions in the growth and productivity of plants. In the present work we studied the response to UV-B radiation in leaves of the model legume Lotus japonicus. After UV-B treatment, induction of phenyalanine-ammonia lyase gene expression and enzyme activity was detected. Among the ten genes encoding for PAL found in the L. japonicus genome, LjPAL1 was both the most expressed and the most induced. All the genes encoding for enzymes of the isoflavonoid pathway were also strongly induced; this was paralleled by a marked accumulation of vestitol and isoliquiritigenin. Moreover, accumulation of several other isoflavonoids was also detected. In vitro measurements of the free radical scavenging capacity of vestitol indicated that this compound can be an appropriate free radical scavenger, suggesting a possible role for this molecule in the response to abiotic stress. On the other hand, an increase of flavonol levels was not observed while the expression of the key enzymes for flavonol biosynthesis flavanone-3-hydroxylase and flavonol synthase was decreased. Taken together, these results indicate that L. japonicus follows a peculiar strategy in its response to UV radiation by accumulating isoflavonoids as an possible alternative to accumulation of flavonols as observed in other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Kaducová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik Unversity in Košice, Mánesova 23, SK-04001, Košice, Slovakia
| | - María Dolores Monje-Rueda
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Professor Gárcia González 1, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Margarita García-Calderón
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Professor Gárcia González 1, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen María Pérez-Delgado
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Professor Gárcia González 1, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Adriana Eliášová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, Ul. 17. Novembra 1, SK-08116 Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Silvia Gajdošová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik Unversity in Košice, Mánesova 23, SK-04001, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Petruľová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik Unversity in Košice, Mánesova 23, SK-04001, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marco Betti
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Professor Gárcia González 1, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio J Márquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Professor Gárcia González 1, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Peter Paľove-Balang
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik Unversity in Košice, Mánesova 23, SK-04001, Košice, Slovakia.
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Kultschar B, Dudley E, Wilson S, Llewellyn CA. Intracellular and Extracellular Metabolites from the Cyanobacterium Chlorogloeopsis fritschii, PCC 6912, During 48 Hours of UV-B Exposure. Metabolites 2019; 9:E74. [PMID: 30995751 PMCID: PMC6523833 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9040074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria have many defence strategies to overcome harmful ultraviolet (UV) stress including the production of secondary metabolites. Metabolomics can be used to investigate this altered metabolism via targeted and untargeted techniques. In this study we assessed the changes in the intra- and extracellular low molecular weight metabolite levels of Chlorogloeopsis fritschii (C. fritschii) during 48 h of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) supplemented with UV-B (15 µmol m-2 s-1 of PAR plus 3 µmol m-2 s-1 of UV-B) and intracellular levels during 48 h of PAR only (15 µmol m-2 s-1) with sampling points at 0, 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used as a metabolite profiling tool to investigate the global changes in metabolite levels. The UV-B time series experiment showed an overall significant reduction in intracellular metabolites involved with carbon and nitrogen metabolism such as the amino acids tyrosine and phenylalanine which have a role in secondary metabolite production. Significant accumulation of proline was observed with a potential role in stress mitigation as seen in other photosynthetic organisms. 12 commonly identified metabolites were measured in both UV-B exposed (PAR + UV-B) and PAR only experiments with differences in significance observed. Extracellular metabolites (PAR + UV-B) showed accumulation of sugars as seen in other cyanobacterial species as a stress response to UV-B. In conclusion, a snapshot of the metabolome of C. fritschii was measured. Little work has been undertaken on C. fritschii, a novel candidate for use in industrial biotechnology, with, to our knowledge, no previous literature on combined intra- and extracellular analysis during a UV-B treatment time-series. This study is important to build on experimental data already available for cyanobacteria and other photosynthetic organisms exposed to UV-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethan Kultschar
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Ed Dudley
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Steve Wilson
- Unilever Corporate Research, Colworth Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK.
| | - Carole A Llewellyn
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
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Wang Z, Wang S, Wu M, Li Z, Liu P, Li F, Chen Q, Yang A, Yang J. Evolutionary and functional analyses of the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in tobacco. PLANTA 2019; 249:543-561. [PMID: 30293202 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-3019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION This study illustrates the differences in the gene structure of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase involved in flavonoid biosynthesis (2ODD-IFB), and their potential roles in regulating tobacco flavonoid biosynthesis and plant growth. Flavonol synthase (FLS), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), and flavanone 3β-hydroxylase belong to the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent (2ODD) oxygenase family, and each performs crucial functions in the biosynthesis of flavonoids. We identified two NtFLS genes, two NtANS genes, and four NtF3H genes from Nicotiana tabacum genome, as well as their homologous genes in the N. sylvestris and N. tomentosiformis genomes. Our phylogenetic analysis indicated that these three types of genes split from each other before the divergence of gymnosperms and angiosperms. FLS evolved faster in the eudicot plants, whereas ANS evolved faster in the monocot plants. Gene structure analysis revealed two fragment insertions occurred at different times in the intron one position of tobacco FLS genes. Homologous protein modeling revealed distinct structures in the N terminus of the tobacco 2ODD oxygenases. We found that the expression patterns of genes encoding tobacco 2ODD oxygenases in flavonoids biosynthesis (2ODD-IFB) did not determine the accumulation patterns of flavonoids among various tobacco tissues, but strongly affected the concentration of flavonoids in the tissues, where they were biosynthesized. More carbon resource flowed to the flavonol biosynthesis when NtANS gene was silenced, otherwise more anthocyanidin accumulated when NtFLS gene was repressed. This study illustrates the 2ODD-IFB gene structure evolution, differences among their protein structures, and provides a foundation for regulating plant development and altering flavonoid content and/or composition through the manipulation of plant 2ODD-IFB genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Wang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Mingzhu Wu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zefeng Li
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Pingping Liu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Feng Li
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qiansi Chen
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Jun Yang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Pandey N, Goswami N, Tripathi D, Rai KK, Rai SK, Singh S, Pandey-Rai S. Epigenetic control of UV-B-induced flavonoid accumulation in Artemisia annua L. PLANTA 2019; 249:497-514. [PMID: 30267151 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-3022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
UV-B-induced flavonoid biosynthesis is epigenetically regulated by site-specific demethylation of AaMYB1, AaMYC, and AaWRKY TF-binding sites inAaPAL1promoter-causing overexpression ofAaPALgene inArtemisia annua. The present study was undertaken to understand the epigenetic regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis under the influence of ultraviolet-B radiation using Artemisia annua L. as an experimental model. In-vitro propagated and acclimatized plantlets were treated with UV-B radiation (2.8 W m-2; 3 h), which resulted in enhanced accumulation of total flavonoid and phenolics content as well as eleven individual flavonoids measured through HPLC-DAC. Expression of eight genes (phenylanaline ammonia lyase, cinnamate-4-hydroxylase, 4-coumarate: CoA ligase; chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase, cinnamoyl reductase, flavonoid-3'-hydroxylase, and flavones synthase) from upstream and downstream flavonoid biosynthetic pathways was measured through RT-PCR and RT-Q-PCR and all were variably induced under UV-B irradiation. Among them, AaPAL1 transcript and its protein were most significantly upregulated. Global DNA methylation analysis revealed hypomethylation of genomic DNA in A. annua. Further epigenetic characterization of promoter region of AaPAL1 revealed cytosine demethylation at five sites, which in turn caused epigenetic activation of six transcription factor-binding sites including QELEMENT, EBOXBNNAPA/MYCCONSENSUSAT, MYBCORE, MYBCOREATCYCB1, and GCCCORE. MYB transcription factors are positive regulators of flavonoid biosynthesis. Epigenetic activation of transcription-enhancing cis-regulatory elements in AaPAL1 promoter and subsequent overexpression of AaMYB1 and AaMYC and AaWRKY transcription factors under UV-B irradiation may probably be the reason for higher AaPAL1 expression and hence greater biosynthesis of flavonoids in A. annua L. The present study is the first report that provides mechanistic evidence of epigenetic regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis under UV-B radiation in A. annua L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Pandey
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- Department of Botany, CMP Degree College, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Niraj Goswami
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Deepika Tripathi
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Rai
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Rai
- Department of Horticulture, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, India
| | - Shilpi Singh
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shashi Pandey-Rai
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
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Dumont S, Rivoal J. Consequences of Oxidative Stress on Plant Glycolytic and Respiratory Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:166. [PMID: 30833954 PMCID: PMC6387960 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are present at low and controlled levels under normal conditions. These reactive molecules can increase to high levels under various biotic and abiotic conditions, resulting in perturbation of the cellular redox state that can ultimately lead to oxidative or nitrosative stress. In this review, we analyze the various effects that result from alterations of redox homeostasis on plant glycolytic pathway and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Most documented modifications caused by ROS or RNS are due to the presence of redox-sensitive cysteine thiol groups in proteins. Redox modifications include Cys oxidation, disulfide bond formation, S-glutathionylation, S-nitrosylation, and S-sulfhydration. A growing number of proteomic surveys and biochemical studies document the occurrence of ROS- or RNS-mediated modification in enzymes of glycolysis and the TCA cycle. In a few cases, these modifications have been shown to affect enzyme activity, suggesting an operational regulatory mechanism in vivo. Further changes induced by oxidative stress conditions include the proposed redox-dependent modifications in the subcellular distribution of a putative redox sensor, NAD-glyceraldehyde-3P dehydrogenase and the micro-compartmentation of cytosolic glycolytic enzymes. Data from the literature indicate that oxidative stress may induce complex changes in metabolite pools in central carbon metabolism. This information is discussed in the context of our understanding of plant metabolic response to oxidative stress.
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70
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Fang C, Fernie AR, Luo J. Exploring the Diversity of Plant Metabolism. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:83-98. [PMID: 30297176 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a huge array of metabolites, far more than those produced by most other organisms. Unraveling this diversity and its underlying genetic variation has attracted increasing research attention. Post-genomic profiling platforms have enabled the marriage and mining of the enormous amount of phenotypic and genetic diversity. We review here achievements to date and challenges remaining that are associated with plant metabolic research using multi-omic strategies. We focus mainly on strategies adopted in investigating the diversity of plant metabolism and its underlying features. Recent advances in linking metabotypes with phenotypic and genotypic traits are also discussed. Taken together, we conclude that exploring the diversity of metabolism could provide new insights into plant evolution and domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanying Fang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 144776, Germany; Center of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Jie Luo
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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71
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Rodríguez-Calzada T, Qian M, Strid Å, Neugart S, Schreiner M, Torres-Pacheco I, Guevara-González RG. Effect of UV-B radiation on morphology, phenolic compound production, gene expression, and subsequent drought stress responses in chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 134:94-102. [PMID: 29950274 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that accumulation of flavonoids could be a key step in development of plant tolerance to different environmental stresses. Moreover, it has been recognized that abiotic stresses such as drought and UV-B radiation (280-315 nm) induce phenolic compound accumulation, suggesting a role for these compounds in drought tolerance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of UV-B exposure on chili pepper (Capsicum annuum, cv. 'Coronel') plant performance, phenolic compound production, and gene expression associated with response to subsequent drought stress. Additionally, the phenotypic response to drought stress of these plants was studied. UV-B induced a reduction both in stem length, stem dry weight and number of floral primordia. The largest reduction in these variables was observed when combining UV-B and drought. UV-B-treated well-watered plants displayed fructification approximately 1 week earlier than non-UV-B-treated controls. Flavonoids measured epidermally in leaves significantly increased during UV-B treatment. Specifically, UV-B radiation significantly increased chlorogenic acid and apigenin 8-C-hexoside levels in leaves and a synergistic increase of luteolin 6-C-pentoside-8-C-hexoside was obtained by UV-B and subsequent drought stress. Gene expression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS) genes also increased during UV-B treatments. On the other hand, expression of genes related to an oxidative response, such as mitochondrial Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and peroxidase (POD) was not induced by UV-B. Drought stress in UV-B-treated plants induced mitochondrial Mn-SOD gene expression. Taken together, the UV-B treatment did not induce significant tolerance in plants towards drought stress under the conditions used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Rodríguez-Calzada
- Biosystems Engineering Group, School of Engineering, Autonomous University of Queretaro-Campus Amazcala, Querétaro, Mexico.
| | - Minjie Qian
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Åke Strid
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Susanne Neugart
- Department of Quality, Leibniz Institute for Ornamental and Horticultural Crops, Großbeeren, Germany.
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Department of Quality, Leibniz Institute for Ornamental and Horticultural Crops, Großbeeren, Germany.
| | - Irineo Torres-Pacheco
- Biosystems Engineering Group, School of Engineering, Autonomous University of Queretaro-Campus Amazcala, Querétaro, Mexico.
| | - Ramon G Guevara-González
- Biosystems Engineering Group, School of Engineering, Autonomous University of Queretaro-Campus Amazcala, Querétaro, Mexico.
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72
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Fukushima A, Hikosaka S, Kobayashi M, Nishizawa T, Saito K, Goto E, Kusano M. A Systems Analysis With "Simplified Source-Sink Model" Reveals Metabolic Reprogramming in a Pair of Source-to-Sink Organs During Early Fruit Development in Tomato by LED Light Treatments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1439. [PMID: 30364178 PMCID: PMC6191670 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a model crop for studying development regulation and ripening in flesh fruits and vegetables. Supplementary light to maintain the optimal light environment can lead to the stable growth of tomatoes in greenhouses and areas without sufficient daily light integral. Technological advances in genome-wide molecular phenotyping have dramatically enhanced our understanding of metabolic shifts in the plant metabolism across tomato fruit development. However, comprehensive metabolic and transcriptional behaviors along the developmental process under supplementary light provided by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) remain to be fully elucidated. We present integrative omic approaches to identify the impact on the metabolism of a single tomato plant leaf exposed to monochromatic red LEDs of different intensities during the fruit development stage. Our special light delivery system, the "simplified source-sink model," involves the exposure of a single leaf below the second truss to red LED light of different intensities. We evaluated fruit-size- and fruit-shape variations elicited by different light intensities. Our findings suggest that more than high-light treatment (500 μmol m-2 s-1) with the red LED light is required to accelerate fruit growth for 2 weeks after anthesis. To investigate transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in leaf- and fruit samples we used microarray-, RNA sequencing-, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. We found that metabolic shifts in the carbohydrate metabolism and in several key pathways contributed to fruit development, including ripening and cell-wall modification. Our findings suggest that the proposed workflow aids in the identification of key metabolites in the central metabolism that respond to monochromatic red-LED treatment and contribute to increase the fruit size of tomato plants. This study expands our understanding of systems-level responses mediated by low-, appropriate-, and high levels of red light irradiation in the fruit growth of tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shoko Hikosaka
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eiji Goto
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Miyako Kusano
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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73
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Iwase A, Mita K, Favero DS, Mitsuda N, Sasaki R, Kobayshi M, Takebayashi Y, Kojima M, Kusano M, Oikawa A, Sakakibara H, Saito K, Imamura J, Sugimoto K. WIND1 induces dynamic metabolomic reprogramming during regeneration in Brassica napus. Dev Biol 2018; 442:40-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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74
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Yun H, Lim S, Kim YX, Lee Y, Lee S, Lee D, Park K, Sung J. Diurnal changes in CN metabolism and response of rice seedlings to UV-B radiation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 228:66-74. [PMID: 29870880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants regulate a number of primary metabolites, including carbohydrates, organic acids, and amino acids, in response to UV-B radiation. Therefore, it is essential to understand the time-dependent response of rice plants to UV-B stress. This study focused on the response of plants to UV-B at different leaf developmental phases (emerging, growing, and maturing) in an attempt to fully comprehend the metabolic shift. We analyzed the expression levels of genes related to starch/sucrose metabolism in the leaf blades of rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L. "Saechuchenog") exposed to UV-B irradiation for short (1 day) and long terms (5 days) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We also examined the diurnal variations in the contents of primary metabolites using an established GCTOF-MS (gas chromatography time of flight-mass spectrometry) method. The results showed that the levels of primary metabolites were largely dependent upon the diurnal rhythm and leaf developmental phase. The young leaves (sink) produced and accumulated starch rather than sucrose. The short-term (4 h, 1 day) UV-B exposure inhibited sucrose synthesis, which could be the first target of UV-B radiation. Following short- and long-term (5 days) exposure to UV-B radiation, the dynamic response of primary metabolites was evaluated. It was found that the content of carbohydrates decreased throughout the period of exposure to UV-B stress, especially in terms of sucrose concentration. However, the content of the majority of amino acids increased after an early decrease. Our data revealed that the metabolic response, as well as the gene expression, differed with the period (intensity) of exposure to UV-B radiation and with the phase of leaf development. These findings provide new insights for a better understanding of the metabolic response of a variety of plant species exposed to a wide range of UV-B radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Yun
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, NAS, RDA, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhyung Lim
- Division of Metabolic Engineering, NAS, RDA, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangmin X Kim
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, NAS, RDA, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Lee
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, NAS, RDA, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulbi Lee
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, NAS, RDA, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Deogbae Lee
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, NAS, RDA, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Keewoong Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jwakyung Sung
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, NAS, RDA, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea.
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75
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Trinh CS, Jeong CY, Lee WJ, Truong HA, Chung N, Han J, Hong SW, Lee H. Paenibacillus pabuli strain P7S promotes plant growth and induces anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 129:264-272. [PMID: 29906776 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), the bacterial strain Paenibacillus pabuli P7S (PP7S), showed promising plant growth-promoting effects. Furthermore, it induced anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis. When co-cultivated with PP7S, there was a significant increase in anthocyanin content and biomass of Arabidopsis seedlings compared with those of the control. The quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed higher expression of many key genes regulating anthocyanin and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways in PP7S-treated seedlings when compared with that of the control. Furthermore, higher expression of pathogen-related genes and microbe-associated molecular pattern genes was also observed in response to PP7S, indicating that the PGPR triggered the induced systemic response (ISR) in A. thaliana. These results suggest that PP7S promotes plant growth in A. thaliana and increases anthocyanin biosynthesis by triggering specific ISRs in plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Son Trinh
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Jeong
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea; Odus R&D Center, 262 Daecheong-Ro, Samseong-myeon Eumseong-Gun, Chungcheongbuk-Do 369-830, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Je Lee
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai An Truong
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Namhyun Chung
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyeong Han
- Odus R&D Center, 262 Daecheong-Ro, Samseong-myeon Eumseong-Gun, Chungcheongbuk-Do 369-830, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Whan Hong
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Bioenergy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojoung Lee
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
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76
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Kitazaki K, Fukushima A, Nakabayashi R, Okazaki Y, Kobayashi M, Mori T, Nishizawa T, Reyes-Chin-Wo S, Michelmore RW, Saito K, Shoji K, Kusano M. Metabolic Reprogramming in Leaf Lettuce Grown Under Different Light Quality and Intensity Conditions Using Narrow-Band LEDs. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7914. [PMID: 29784957 PMCID: PMC5962576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are an artificial light source used in closed-type plant factories and provide a promising solution for a year-round supply of green leafy vegetables, such as lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Obtaining high-quality seedlings using controlled irradiation from LEDs is critical, as the seedling health affects the growth and yield of leaf lettuce after transplantation. Because key molecular pathways underlying plant responses to a specific light quality and intensity remain poorly characterised, we used a multi-omics-based approach to evaluate the metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming of leaf lettuce seedlings grown under narrow-band LED lighting. Four types of monochromatic LEDs (one blue, two green and one red) and white fluorescent light (control) were used at low and high intensities (100 and 300 μmol·m-2·s-1, respectively). Multi-platform mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and RNA-Seq were used to determine changes in the metabolome and transcriptome of lettuce plants in response to different light qualities and intensities. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed distinct regulatory mechanisms involved in flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathways under blue and green wavelengths. Taken together, these data suggest that the energy transmitted by green light is effective in creating a balance between biomass production and the production of secondary metabolites involved in plant defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Kitazaki
- Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Abiko, Chiba, 270-1194, Japan
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fukushima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakabayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yozo Okazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mori
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nishizawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shoji
- Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Abiko, Chiba, 270-1194, Japan.
| | - Miyako Kusano
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
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77
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Shi H, Liu G, Wei Y, Chan Z. The zinc-finger transcription factor ZAT6 is essential for hydrogen peroxide induction of anthocyanin synthesis in Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 97:165-176. [PMID: 29675814 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0730-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of flavonoids is activated by various abiotic stresses, and the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) especially hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a general response to abiotic stress in plants. However, the direct link between flavonoids and H2O2 and underlying mechanism remain elusive. In this study, we found that the concentrations of anthocyanin and flavonoids were significantly induced by H2O2 treatment. Furthermore, we found that the transcript level of ZINC FINGER of ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA 6 (ZAT6) was significantly activated after exogenous H2O2 treatment, and modulation of AtZAT6 expression positively affected the concentrations of both anthocyanin and total flavonoids. Notably, exogenous H2O2-induced anthocyanin synthesis was largely alleviated in AtZAT6 knockdown plants, but showed higher level in AtZAT6 overexpressing plants. AtZAT6 directly activated the expressions of TT5, TT7, TT3, TT18, MYB12, and MYB111 through binding to their promoters with TACAAT elements of these genes, and the activation of MYB12 and MYB111 up-regulated the expressions of TT4 and TT6. Taken together, this study indicates that AtZAT6 plays important role in H2O2-activated anthocyanin synthesis, via directly binding to the promoters of several genes that involved in anthocyanin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Shi
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Guoyin Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yunxie Wei
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Zhulong Chan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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78
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Zhang X, Ding X, Ji Y, Wang S, Chen Y, Luo J, Shen Y, Peng L. Measurement of metabolite variations and analysis of related gene expression in Chinese liquorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) plants under UV-B irradiation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6144. [PMID: 29670187 PMCID: PMC5906665 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants respond to UV-B irradiation (280–315 nm wavelength) via elaborate metabolic regulatory mechanisms that help them adapt to this stress. To investigate the metabolic response of the medicinal herb Chinese liquorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) to UV-B irradiation, we performed liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based metabolomic analysis, combined with analysis of differentially expressed genes in the leaves of plants exposed to UV-B irradiation at various time points. Fifty-four metabolites, primarily amino acids and flavonoids, exhibited changes in levels after the UV-B treatment. The amino acid metabolism was altered by UV-B irradiation: the Asp family pathway was activated and closely correlated to Glu. Some amino acids appeared to be converted into antioxidants such as γ-aminobutyric acid and glutathione. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed that various flavonoids with characteristic groups were induced by UV-B. In particular, the levels of some ortho-dihydroxylated B-ring flavonoids, which might function as scavengers of reactive oxygen species, increased in response to UV-B treatment. In general, unigenes encoding key enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis were upregulated by UV-B irradiation. These findings lay the foundation for further analysis of the mechanism underlying the response of G. uralensis to UV-B irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaoli Ding
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China.,School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
| | - Yaxi Ji
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shouchuang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jie Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yingbai Shen
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Li Peng
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China. .,School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China.
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79
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80
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Celeste Dias M, Pinto DCGA, Correia C, Moutinho-Pereira J, Oliveira H, Freitas H, Silva AMS, Santos C. UV-B radiation modulates physiology and lipophilic metabolite profile in Olea europaea. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 222:39-50. [PMID: 29407548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation plays an important role in plant photomorphogenesis. Whilst the morpho-functional disorders induced by excessive UV irradiation are well-known, it remains unclear how this irradiation modulates the metabolome, and which metabolic shifts improve plants' tolerance to UV-B. In this study, we use an important Mediterranean crop, Olea europaea, to decipher the impacts of enhanced UV-B radiation on the physiological performance and lipophilic metabolite profile. Young olive plants (cv. 'Galega Vulgar') were exposed for five days to UV-B biologically effective doses of 6.5 kJ m-2 d-1 and 12.4 kJ m-2 d-1. Cell cycle/ploidy, photosynthesis and oxidative stress, as well as GC-MS metabolites were assessed. Both UV-B treatments impaired net CO2 assimilation rate, transpiration rate, photosynthetic pigments, and RuBisCO activity, but 12.4 kJ m-2 d-1 also decreased the photochemical quenching (qP) and the effective efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII). UV-B treatments promoted mono/triperpene pathways, while only 12.4 kJ m-2 d-1 increased fatty acids and alkanes, and decreased geranylgeranyl-diphosphate. The interplay between physiology and metabolomics suggests some innate ability of these plants to tolerate moderate UV-B doses (6.5 kJ m-2 d-1). Also their tolerance to higher doses (12.4 kJ m-2 d-1) relies on plants' metabolic adjustments, where the accumulation of specific compounds such as long-chain alkanes, palmitic acid, oleic acid and particularly oleamide (which is described for the first time in olive leaves) play an important protective role. This is the first study demonstrating photosynthetic changes and lipophilic metabolite adjustments in olive leaves under moderate and high UV-B doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Celeste Dias
- Department of Life Sciences & CFE, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Diana C G A Pinto
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlos Correia
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apt. 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José Moutinho-Pereira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apt. 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Helena Oliveira
- Department Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Chemistry & CICECO, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Helena Freitas
- Department of Life Sciences & CFE, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur M S Silva
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Conceição Santos
- Department of Biology, LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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81
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Chen Y, Zhou B, Li J, Tang H, Tang J, Yang Z. Formation and Change of Chloroplast-Located Plant Metabolites in Response to Light Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E654. [PMID: 29495387 PMCID: PMC5877515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis is the central energy conversion process for plant metabolism and occurs within mature chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are also the site of various metabolic reactions involving amino acids, lipids, starch, and sulfur, as well as where the production of some hormones takes place. Light is one of the most important environmental factors, acting as an essential energy source for plants, but also as an external signal influencing their growth and development. Plants experience large fluctuations in the intensity and spectral quality of light, and many attempts have been made to improve or modify plant metabolites by treating them with different light qualities (artificial lighting) or intensities. In this review, we discuss how changes in light intensity and wavelength affect the formation of chloroplast-located metabolites in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyong Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Bo Zhou
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Jianlong Li
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Hao Tang
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Jinchi Tang
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Ziyin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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82
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Abstract
A variety of chemicals produced by plants, often referred to as 'phytochemicals', have been used as medicines, food, fuels and industrial raw materials. Recent advances in the study of genomics and metabolomics in plant science have accelerated our understanding of the mechanisms, regulation and evolution of the biosynthesis of specialized plant products. We can now address such questions as how the metabolomic diversity of plants is originated at the levels of genome, and how we should apply this knowledge to drug discovery, industry and agriculture. Our research group has focused on metabolomics-based functional genomics over the last 15 years and we have developed a new research area called 'Phytochemical Genomics'. In this review, the development of a research platform for plant metabolomics is discussed first, to provide a better understanding of the chemical diversity of plants. Then, representative applications of metabolomics to functional genomics in a model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, are described. The extension of integrated multi-omics analyses to non-model specialized plants, e.g., medicinal plants, is presented, including the identification of novel genes, metabolites and networks for the biosynthesis of flavonoids, alkaloids, sulfur-containing metabolites and terpenoids. Further, functional genomics studies on a variety of medicinal plants is presented. I also discuss future trends in pharmacognosy and related sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University.,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
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83
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Tamura Y, Mori T, Nakabayashi R, Kobayashi M, Saito K, Okazaki S, Wang N, Kusano M. Metabolomic Evaluation of the Quality of Leaf Lettuce Grown in Practical Plant Factory to Capture Metabolite Signature. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:665. [PMID: 29997631 PMCID: PMC6030546 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Vegetables produce metabolites that affect their taste and nutritional value and compounds that contribute to human health. The quality of vegetables grown in plant factories under hydroponic cultivation, e.g., their sweetness and softness, can be improved by controlling growth factors including the temperature, humidity, light source, and fertilizer. However, soil is cheaper than hydroponic cultivation and the visual phenotype of vegetables grown under the two conditions is different. As it is not clear whether their metabolite composition is also different, we studied leaf lettuce raised under the hydroponic condition in practical plant factory and strictly controlled soil condition. We chose two representative cultivars, "black rose" (BR) and "red fire" (RF) because they are of high economic value. Metabolite profiling by comprehensive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) resulted in the annotation of 101 metabolites from 223 peaks detected by GC-MS; LC-MS yielded 95 peaks. The principal component analysis (PCA) scatter plot showed that the most distinct separation patterns on the first principal component (PC1) coincided with differences in the cultivation methods. There were no clear separations related to cultivar differences in the plot. PC1 loading revealed the discriminant metabolites for each cultivation method. The level of amino acids such as lysine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and valine was significantly increased in hydroponically grown leaf lettuce, while soil-cultivation derived leaf lettuce samples contained significantly higher levels of fatty-acid derived alcohols (tetracosanol and hexacosanol) and lettuce-specific sesquiterpene lactones (lactucopicrin-15-oxalate and 15-deoxylactucin-8-sulfate). These findings suggest that the metabolite composition of leaf lettuce is primarily affected by its cultivation condition. As the discriminant metabolites reveal important factors that contribute to the nutritional value and taste characteristics of leaf lettuce, we performed comprehensive metabolite profiling to identify metabolite compositions, i.e., metabolite signature, that directly improve its quality and value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Tamura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Central Research Institute for Feed and Livestock, National Federation of Agricultural Co-operative Associations, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mori
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakabayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Seiichi Okazaki
- Keystone Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ning Wang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Miyako Kusano
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Miyako Kusano,
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84
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Tohge T, Perez de Souza L, Fernie AR. On the natural diversity of phenylacylated-flavonoid and their in planta function under conditions of stress. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2018; 17:279-290. [PMID: 29755304 PMCID: PMC5932100 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-017-9531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants contain light signaling systems and undergo metabolic perturbation and reprogramming under light stress in order to adapt to environmental changes. Flavonoids are one of the largest classes of natural phytochemical compounds having several biological functions conferring stress defense to plants and health benefits in animal diets. A recent study of phenylacylated-flavonoids (also called hydroxycinnamoylated-flavonoids) of natural accessions of Arabidopsis suggested that phenylacylation of flavonoids relates to selection under different natural light conditions. Phenylacylated-flavonoids which are decorated with hydroxycinnamoyl units, namely cinnamoyl, 4-coumaroyl, caffeoyl, feruloyl and sinapoyl moieties, are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Currently, more than 400 phenylacylated flavonoids have been reported. Phenylacylation renders enhanced phytochemical functions such as ultraviolet-absorbance and antioxidant activity, although, the physiological role of phenylacylation of flavonoids in plants is largely unknown. In this review, we provide an overview of the occurrence and natural diversity of phenylacylated-flavonoids as well as postulating their biological functions both in planta and with respect to biological activity following their consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tohge
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Leonardo Perez de Souza
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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85
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Li Q, Yu HM, Meng XF, Lin JS, Li YJ, Hou BK. Ectopic expression of glycosyltransferase UGT76E11 increases flavonoid accumulation and enhances abiotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20:10-19. [PMID: 28902451 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although plant glycosyltransferases are thought to play important roles in growth and interaction with the environment, little is known about their physiological roles for most members of the plant glycosyltransferase family. We cloned and characterised an Arabidopsis glycosyltransferase gene, UGT76E11. Its in vivo physiological effects on flavonoid accumulation and plant tolerance to abiotic stresses were investigated. The UGT76E11 gene was up-regulated in transcription expression under stress conditions of salinity, drought and H2 O2 treatment. Transgenic plants ectopically overexpressing UGT76E11 showed substantially enhanced tolerance to salinity and drought at germination and during post-germination growth. Enzyme activity of UGT76E11 to glucosylate quercetin and other flavonoids was confirmed. Ectopic expression of UGT76E11 resulted in significantly increased flavonoid content in transgenic plants compared to wild type, suggesting a contribution of UGT76E11 to modulation of flavonoid metabolism. Consistent with this result, several biosynthesis genes in the flavonoid pathway were clearly up-regulated in transgenic plants. Furthermore, overexpression of UGT76E11 also enhanced the scavenging capacity for ROS and increased expression levels of a number of stress-related genes. Based on these results, we suggest that the glycosyltransferase UGT76E11 plays an important role in modulating flavonoid metabolism and enhancing plant adaptation to environmental stresses. Our findings might allow use of glycosyltransferase UGT76E11 in crop improvement, towards both enhanced stress tolerance and increased flavonoid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui-Min Yu
- School of Life Science, QiLu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xia-Fei Meng
- Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ji-Shan Lin
- Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan-Jie Li
- Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bing-Kai Hou
- Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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86
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Mohanta TK, Bashir T, Hashem A, Abd Allah EF. Systems biology approach in plant abiotic stresses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 121:58-73. [PMID: 29096174 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant abiotic stresses are the major constraint on plant growth and development, causing enormous crop losses across the world. Plants have unique features to defend themselves against these challenging adverse stress conditions. They modulate their phenotypes upon changes in physiological, biochemical, molecular and genetic information, thus making them tolerant against abiotic stresses. It is of paramount importance to determine the stress-tolerant traits of a diverse range of genotypes of plant species and integrate those traits for crop improvement. Stress-tolerant traits can be identified by conducting genome-wide analysis of stress-tolerant genotypes through the highly advanced structural and functional genomics approach. Specifically, whole-genome sequencing, development of molecular markers, genome-wide association studies and comparative analysis of interaction networks between tolerant and susceptible crop varieties grown under stress conditions can greatly facilitate discovery of novel agronomic traits that protect plants against abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Kumar Mohanta
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tufail Bashir
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 24160, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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87
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Luengo Escobar A, Magnum de Oliveira Silva F, Acevedo P, Nunes-Nesi A, Alberdi M, Reyes-Díaz M. Different levels of UV-B resistance in Vaccinium corymbosum cultivars reveal distinct backgrounds of phenylpropanoid metabolites. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 118:541-550. [PMID: 28779619 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
UV-B radiation induces several physiological and biochemical effects that can influence regulatory plant processes. Vaccinium corymbosum responds differently to UV-B radiation depending on the UV-B resistance of cultivars, according to their physiological and biochemical features. In this work, the effect of two levels of UV-B radiation during long-term exposure on the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and the expression of genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis as well as the absolute quantification of secondary metabolites were studied in two contrasting UV-B-resistant cultivars (Legacy, resistant and Bluegold, sensitive). Multivariate analyses were performed to understand the role of phenylpropanoids in UV-B defense mechanisms. The amount of phenylpropanoid compounds was generally higher in Legacy than in Bluegold. Different expression levels of flavonoid biosynthetic genes for both cultivars were transiently induced, showing that even in longer period of UV-B exposure; plants are still adjusting their phenylpropanoids at the transcription levels. Multivariate analysis in Legacy indicated no significant correlation between gene expression and the levels of the flavonoids and phenolic acids. By contrast, in the Bluegold cultivar higher number of correlations between secondary metabolite and transcript levels was found. Taken together, the results indicated different adjustments between the cultivars for a successful UV-B acclimation. While the sensitive cultivar depends on metabolite adjustments to respond to UV-B exposure, the resistant cultivar also possesses an intrinsically higher antioxidant and UV-B screening capacity. Thus, we conclude that UV-B resistance involves not only metabolite level adjustments during the acclimation period, but also depends on the intrinsic metabolic status of the plant and metabolic features of the phenylpropanoid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luengo Escobar
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 54-D, Chile; Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 54-D, Chile
| | | | - Patricio Acevedo
- Departamento de Ciencias Físicas, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 54-D, Chile
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Miren Alberdi
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 54-D, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 54-D, Chile
| | - Marjorie Reyes-Díaz
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 54-D, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 54-D, Chile.
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88
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Palmieri L, Masuero D, Martinatti P, Baratto G, Martens S, Vrhovsek U. Genotype-by-environment effect on bioactive compounds in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:4180-4189. [PMID: 28239870 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of the relative contribution of genotype, environment and the genotype-by-environmental (G × E) interaction to the performance of varieties is necessary when determining adaptation capacity. RESULTS The influence of temperature, ultraviolet (UV)-irradiation and sunshine duration on the quality and the composition of fruits was investigated in nine strawberry cultivars grown at three different altitudes. The UV-radiation intensity affected both pH and sugar content, which were higher for most of the varieties at low altitudes, whereas total titratable acidity was less. Fruits from plants grown at low elevation generally had a higher benzoic acid derivative content. A significant correlation was found between phenylpropanoid content and UV-radiation and sunshine duration. The flavone class appeared to be affected most by the variety effect, in contrast to flavonols and ellagitannins, which were highly affected by the environment. The accumulation of a number of secondary metabolites in strawberry fruits grown in an unusual environmental condition highlighted the acclimation effects in terms of the response of plants to abiotic stress. Finally, the genetic factor only appears to be more influential for the varieties 'Sveva' and 'Marmolada' with respect to all of the parameters considered. CONCLUSION A 'plant environmental metabolomics' approach has been used successfully to assess the phenotypic plasticity of varieties that showed different magnitudes with respect to the relationship between environmental conditions and the accumulation of healthy compounds. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Palmieri
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Domenico Masuero
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Paolo Martinatti
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Baratto
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Stefan Martens
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
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89
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Fukushima A, Iwasa M, Nakabayashi R, Kobayashi M, Nishizawa T, Okazaki Y, Saito K, Kusano M. Effects of Combined Low Glutathione with Mild Oxidative and Low Phosphorus Stress on the Metabolism of Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1464. [PMID: 28894456 PMCID: PMC5581396 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plants possess highly sensitive mechanisms that monitor environmental stress levels for a dose-dependent fine-tuning of their growth and development. Differences in plant responses to severe and mild abiotic stresses have been recognized. Although many studies have revealed that glutathione can contribute to plant tolerance to various environmental stresses, little is known about the relationship between glutathione and mild abiotic stress, especially the effect of stress-induced altered glutathione levels on the metabolism. Here, we applied a systems biology approach to identify key pathways involved in the gene-to-metabolite networks perturbed by low glutathione content under mild abiotic stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. We used glutathione synthesis mutants (cad2-1 and pad2-1) and plants overexpressing the gene encoding γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the first enzyme of the glutathione biosynthetic pathway. The plants were exposed to two mild stress conditions-oxidative stress elicited by methyl viologen and stress induced by the limited availability of phosphate. We observed that the mutants and transgenic plants showed similar shoot growth as that of the wild-type plants under mild abiotic stress. We then selected the synthesis mutants and performed multi-platform metabolomics and microarray experiments to evaluate the possible effects on the overall metabolome and the transcriptome. As a common oxidative stress response, several flavonoids that we assessed showed overaccumulation, whereas the mild phosphate stress resulted in increased levels of specific kaempferol- and quercetin-glycosides. Remarkably, in addition to a significant increased level of sugar, osmolytes, and lipids as mild oxidative stress-responsive metabolites, short-chain aliphatic glucosinolates over-accumulated in the mutants, whereas the level of long-chain aliphatic glucosinolates and specific lipids decreased. Coordinated gene expressions related to glucosinolate and flavonoid biosynthesis also supported the metabolite responses in the pad2-1 mutant. Our results suggest that glutathione synthesis mutants accelerate transcriptional regulatory networks to control the biosynthetic pathways involved in glutathione-independent scavenging metabolites, and that they might reconfigure the metabolic networks in primary and secondary metabolism, including lipids, glucosinolates, and flavonoids. This work provides a basis for the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involved in the metabolic and transcriptional regulatory networks in response to combined low glutathione content with mild oxidative and nutrient stress in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mami Iwasa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
- Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.Funabashi, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakabayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
| | | | | | - Yozo Okazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba UniversityChiba, Japan
| | - Miyako Kusano
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of TsukubaTsukuba, Japan
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90
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Kumar V, Yadav SK. Pyramiding of tea Dihydroflavonol reductase and Anthocyanidin reductase increases flavan-3-ols and improves protective ability under stress conditions in tobacco. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:177. [PMID: 28664364 PMCID: PMC5491439 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0819-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the richest sources of flavan-3-ols, an important class of flavonoids. The expression level of gene-encoded key regulatory enzymes of flavan-3-ol/anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) and anthocyanidin reductase (ANR), has been highly correlated with the flavan-3-ol contents and antioxidant activity in tea plant. In the present study, pyramiding of CsDFR and CsANR in tobacco was achieved. However, single transgenic tobacco overexpressing either CsDFR or CsANR was documented earlier. In continuation, pyramided transgenic lines were evaluated for the possible, either same or beyond, effect on flavan-3-ol accumulation and protective ability against biotic and abiotic stresses. The pyramided transgenic lines showed early flowering and improved seed yield. The transcript levels of flavan-3-ol/anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway and related genes in pyramided transgenic lines were upregulated as compared to control tobacco plants. The accumulations of flavan-3-ols were also found to be higher in pyramided transgenic lines than control tobacco plants. In contrast, anthocyanin content was observed to be decreased in pyramided transgenic lines, while DPPH activity was higher in pyramided transgenic lines. In pyramided transgenic lines, strong protective ability against feeding by Spodoptera litura was documented. The seeds of pyramided transgenic lines were also found to have better germination rate under aluminum toxicity as compared to control tobacco plants. Interestingly, the synergistic effect of these two selected genes are not beyond from transgenic lines expressing either CsDFR and CsANR alone as published earlier in terms of flavan-3-ols accumulation. However, the unique flower color and better seed germination rate are some interestingly comparable differences that were reported in pyramided lines in relation to individual transgenic plants. In conclusion, the present results reveal an interesting dynamic between CsDFR and CsANR in modulating flavan-3-ol/anthocyanin levels and functional analysis of stacked CsDFR and CsANR transgenic tobacco lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India.
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur, HP, 176061, India.
| | - Sudesh Kumar Yadav
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur, HP, 176061, India
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab, India
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91
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Moreira-Rodríguez M, Nair V, Benavides J, Cisneros-Zevallos L, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. UVA, UVB Light Doses and Harvesting Time Differentially Tailor Glucosinolate and Phenolic Profiles in Broccoli Sprouts. Molecules 2017; 22:E1065. [PMID: 28672860 PMCID: PMC6152207 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Broccoli sprouts contain health-promoting glucosinolate and phenolic compounds that can be enhanced by applying ultraviolet light (UV). Here, the effect of UVA or UVB radiation on glucosinolate and phenolic profiles was assessed in broccoli sprouts. Sprouts were exposed for 120 min to low intensity and high intensity UVA (UVAL, UVAH) or UVB (UVBL, UVBH) with UV intensity values of 3.16, 4.05, 2.28 and 3.34 W/m², respectively. Harvest occurred 2 or 24 h post-treatment; and methanol/water or ethanol/water (70%, v/v) extracts were prepared. Seven glucosinolates and 22 phenolics were identified. Ethanol extracts showed higher levels of certain glucosinolates such as glucoraphanin, whereas methanol extracts showed slight higher levels of phenolics. The highest glucosinolate accumulation occurred 24 h after UVBH treatment, increasing 4-methoxy-glucobrassicin, glucobrassicin and glucoraphanin by ~170, 78 and 73%, respectively. Furthermore, UVAL radiation and harvest 2 h afterwards accumulated gallic acid hexoside I (~14%), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (~42%), gallic acid derivative (~48%) and 1-sinapoyl-2,2-diferulolyl-gentiobiose (~61%). Increases in sinapoyl malate (~12%), gallotannic acid (~48%) and 5-sinapoyl-quinic acid (~121%) were observed with UVBH Results indicate that UV-irradiated broccoli sprouts could be exploited as a functional food for fresh consumption or as a source of bioactive phytochemicals with potential industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Moreira-Rodríguez
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
| | - Vimal Nair
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2133, USA.
| | - Jorge Benavides
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
| | - Luis Cisneros-Zevallos
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2133, USA.
| | - Daniel A Jacobo-Velázquez
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
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92
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Metabolic and transcriptional alternations for defense by interfering OsWRKY62 and OsWRKY76 transcriptions in rice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2474. [PMID: 28559550 PMCID: PMC5449406 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02643-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches were used to dissect the enhanced disease resistance in the plants harbouring a RNA interfering construct of OsWRKY62 and OsWRKY76 (dsOW62/76) genes. The primary metabolic pathways were activated in dsOW62/76 compared with wild-type (ZH17) plants, revealed by increased accumulation of amino acids and constituents of citric acid cycle etc. Contents of phenolic acids derived from phenylpropanoid pathway were elevated in dsOW62/76 plants. Importantly, phenolamides, conjugates of the phenolic acids with amines, were detected in large number and mostly at higher levels in dsOW62/76 compared with ZH17 plants; however, the free pools of flavonoids were mostly decreased in dsOW62/76. Salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA)/JA-Ile contents were increased in dsOW62/76 and knockout lines of individual OsWRKY62 and OsWRKY76 genes. Transcription of isochorismate synthase (OsICS1) gene was suppressed in dsOW62/76 and in MeJA-treated rice plants, whereas the transcription level of cinnamoyl-CoA hydratase-dehydrogenase (OsCHD) gene for β-oxidation in peroxisome was increased. The calli with OsCHD mutation showed markedly decreased SA accumulation. These results indicate that OsWRKY62 and OsWRKY76 function as negative regulators of biosynthetic defense-related metabolites and provide evidence for an important role of phenylpropanoid pathway in SA production in rice.
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93
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Luengo Escobar A, Alberdi M, Acevedo P, Machado M, Nunes-Nesi A, Inostroza-Blancheteau C, Reyes-Díaz M. Distinct physiological and metabolic reprogramming by highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) cultivars revealed during long-term UV-B radiation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 160:46-64. [PMID: 27943328 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the Montreal protocol and the eventual recovery of the ozone layer over Antarctica, there are still concerns about increased levels of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation in the Southern Hemisphere. UV-B induces physiological, biochemical and morphological stress responses in plants, which are species-specific and different even for closely related cultivars. In woody plant species, understanding of long-term mechanisms to cope with UV-B-induced stress is limited. Therefore, a greenhouse UV-B daily course simulation was performed for 21 days with two blueberry cultivars (Legacy and Bluegold) under UV-BBE irradiance doses of 0, 0.07 and 0.19 W m-2 . Morphological changes, photosynthetic performance, antioxidants, lipid peroxidation and metabolic features were evaluated. We found that both cultivars behaved differently under UV-B exposure, with Legacy being a UV-B-resistant cultivar. Interestingly, Legacy used a combined strategy: initially, in the first week of exposure its photoprotective compounds increased, coping with the intake of UV-B radiation (avoidance strategy), and then, increasing its antioxidant capacity. These strategies proved to be UV-B radiation dose dependent. The avoidance strategy is triggered early under high UV-B radiation in Legacy. Moreover, the rapid metabolic reprogramming capacity of this cultivar, in contrast to Bluegold, seems to be the most relevant contribution to its UV-B stress-coping strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luengo Escobar
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 54-D, Chile
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 54-D, Chile
| | - Miren Alberdi
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 54-D, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 54-D, Chile
| | - Patricio Acevedo
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 54-D, Chile
- Center for Optics and Photonics, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, 4012, Chile
| | - Mariana Machado
- Max Planck Partner Group at Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Max Planck Partner Group at Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaría, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Escuela de Agronomía, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, 56-D, Chile
| | - Marjorie Reyes-Díaz
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 54-D, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 54-D, Chile
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94
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Tohge T, Fernie AR. Leveraging Natural Variance towards Enhanced Understanding of Phytochemical Sunscreens. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:308-315. [PMID: 28173981 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The dependency of plants on sunlight renders exposure to UV a constant hazard. Light of this wavelength is damaging to proteins, RNA, and DNA, with damage to the latter resulting in a high mutagenic potential. To acclimate to environmental changes in light wavelengths and intensity, plants accumulate the production of UV-B-protectant phytochemicals, such as flavonoids and vitamins. Here, we review current and emerging knowledge concerning the biochemical response of plants to UV-B exposure. We additionally outline our opinion that the adoption of broad natural variance represents a powerful strategy by which to identify both novel UV-B-relevant metabolites and the genes regulating their abundance. Finally, we discuss how such information may guide future metabolic engineering strategies aimed at producing stress-tolerant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tohge
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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95
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Pascual J, Cañal MJ, Escandón M, Meijón M, Weckwerth W, Valledor L. Integrated Physiological, Proteomic, and Metabolomic Analysis of Ultra Violet (UV) Stress Responses and Adaptation Mechanisms in Pinus radiata. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:485-501. [PMID: 28096192 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.059436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally expected changes in environmental conditions, especially the increase of UV irradiation, necessitate extending our knowledge of the mechanisms mediating tree species adaptation to this stress. This is crucial for designing new strategies to maintain future forest productivity. Studies focused on environmentally realistic dosages of UV irradiation in forest species are scarce. Pinus spp. are commercially relevant trees and not much is known about their adaptation to UV. In this work, UV treatment and recovery of Pinus radiata plants with dosages mimicking future scenarios, based on current models of UV radiation, were performed in a time-dependent manner. The combined metabolome and proteome analysis were complemented with measurements of + physiological parameters and gene expression. Sparse PLS analysis revealed complex molecular interaction networks of molecular and physiological data. Early responses prevented phototoxicity by reducing photosystem activity and the electron transfer chain together with the accumulation of photoprotectors and photorespiration. Apart from the reduction in photosynthesis as consequence of the direct UV damage on the photosystems, the primary metabolism was rearranged to deal with the oxidative stress while minimizing ROS production. New protein kinases and proteases related to signaling, coordination, and regulation of UV stress responses were revealed. All these processes demonstrate a complex molecular interaction network extending the current knowledge on UV-stress adaptation in pine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Pascual
- From the ‡Plant Physiology Lab, Organisms and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - María Jesús Cañal
- From the ‡Plant Physiology Lab, Organisms and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Mónica Escandón
- From the ‡Plant Physiology Lab, Organisms and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Mónica Meijón
- From the ‡Plant Physiology Lab, Organisms and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- §Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,¶Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luis Valledor
- From the ‡Plant Physiology Lab, Organisms and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain;
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96
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Metabolomics, a Powerful Tool for Agricultural Research. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111871. [PMID: 27869667 PMCID: PMC5133871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics, which is based mainly on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gas-chromatography (GC) or liquid-chromatography (LC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) analytical technologies to systematically acquire the qualitative and quantitative information of low-molecular-mass endogenous metabolites, provides a direct snapshot of the physiological condition in biological samples. As complements to transcriptomics and proteomics, it has played pivotal roles in agricultural and food science research. In this review, we discuss the capacities of NMR, GC/LC-MS in the acquisition of plant metabolome, and address the potential promise and diverse applications of metabolomics, particularly lipidomics, to investigate the responses of Arabidopsis thaliana, a primary plant model for agricultural research, to environmental stressors including heat, freezing, drought, and salinity.
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97
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Gao C, Yang B, Zhang D, Chen M, Tian J. Enhanced metabolic process to indole alkaloids in Clematis terniflora DC. after exposure to high level of UV-B irradiation followed by the dark. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:231. [PMID: 27776479 PMCID: PMC5078895 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0920-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indole alkaloids, which characteristically contain an indole nucleus, have pharmaceutical potential in a diverse range of applications. UV-B can elicit the accumulation of indole alkaloids. The indole alkaloid (6-hydroxyl-1H-indol-3-yl) carboxylic acid methyl ester with cytotoxic activity was found to accumulate in Clematis terniflora DC. leaves after exposure to high level of UV-B irradiation and the dark. However, a more in-depth analysis of the process behind this response has not yet been performed. Therefore, an integrated approach involving metabolomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic analyses is essential to detail the biosynthetic mechanisms of the regulation of indole alkaloid under binary stress. RESULTS Indole alkaloid (6-hydroxyl-1H-indol-3-yl) carboxylic acid methyl ester was found to increase 7-fold in C. terniflora leaves post-treatment with high level of UV-B irradiation followed by an incubation in the dark compared with pre-treatment. Analysis by proteomics and metabolomics indicates a decrease in photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism, respectively. By contrast, amino acid metabolism was activated by this binary stress, and, specifically, the genes involved in the metabolic pathway converting shikimate to L-tryptophan were concurrently upregulated. Metabolites involved in indole biosynthesis (shikimate metabolic) pathway were anthranilate, indole, and L-tryptophan, which increased 2-, 441-, and 1-fold, respectively. In addition, there was an increase of 2- and 9-fold in L-serine deaminase (L-SD) and L-tryptophan synthase activity in C. terniflora leaves after exposure to high level of UV-B irradiation and the dark. CONCLUSIONS (6-hydroxyl-1H-indol-3-yl) carboxylic acid methyl ester was found to increase in response to high level of UV-B irradiation followed by an incubation in the dark, implying that indole alkaloid biosynthesis was activated in C. terniflora leaves. Analysis of perturbations in metabolism in these leaves demonstrated that amino acid metabolism was specifically activated by this binary stress. In addition, an enhancement in serine level and L-SD activity was noted, which likely leads to an accumulation of pyruvate that, in turn, supplies shikimate metabolic pathway. The genes, metabolites, and L-tryptophan synthase activity that are involved in the metabolic pathway leading from shikimate to L-tryptophan all increased under the experimental binary stress, resulting in an enhancement of indole biosynthesis (shikimate metabolic) pathway. Therefore, the metabolic process to indole alkaloids in C. terniflora was enhanced after exposure to high level of UV-B irradiation followed by the dark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuixia Gao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Bingxian Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jingkui Tian
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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98
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Dzakovich MP, Ferruzzi MG, Mitchell CA. Manipulating Sensory and Phytochemical Profiles of Greenhouse Tomatoes Using Environmentally Relevant Doses of Ultraviolet Radiation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6801-6808. [PMID: 27561664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fruits harvested from off-season, greenhouse-grown tomato plants have a poor reputation compared to their in-season, garden-grown counterparts. Presently, there is a gap in knowledge with regard to the role of UV-B radiation (280-315 nm) in determining greenhouse tomato quality. Knowing that UV-B is a powerful elicitor of secondary metabolism and not transmitted through greenhouse glass and some greenhouse plastics, we tested the hypothesis that supplemental UV-B radiation in the greenhouse will impart quality attributes typically associated with garden-grown tomatoes. Environmentally relevant doses of supplemental UV-B radiation did not strongly affect antioxidant compounds of fruits, although the flavonol quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin) significantly increased in response to UV-B. Physicochemical metrics of fruit quality attributes and consumer sensory panels were used to determine if any such differences altered consumer perception of tomato quality. Supplemental UV-A radiation (315-400 nm) pre-harvest treatments enhanced sensory perception of aroma, acidity, and overall approval, suggesting a compelling opportunity to environmentally enhance the flavor of greenhouse-grown tomatoes. The expression of the genes COP1 and HY5 were indicative of adaptation to UV radiation, which explains the lack of marked effects reported in these studies. To our knowledge, these studies represent the first reported use of environmentally relevant doses of UV radiation throughout the reproductive portion of the tomato plant life cycle to positively enhance the sensory and chemical properties of fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Dzakovich
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University , 625 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2010, United States
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University , 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2010, United States
| | - Cary A Mitchell
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University , 625 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2010, United States
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99
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Jorge TF, Rodrigues JA, Caldana C, Schmidt R, van Dongen JT, Thomas-Oates J, António C. Mass spectrometry-based plant metabolomics: Metabolite responses to abiotic stress. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2016; 35:620-49. [PMID: 25589422 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is one omics approach that can be used to acquire comprehensive information on the composition of a metabolite pool to provide a functional screen of the cellular state. Studies of the plant metabolome include analysis of a wide range of chemical species with diverse physical properties, from ionic inorganic compounds to biochemically derived hydrophilic carbohydrates, organic and amino acids, and a range of hydrophobic lipid-related compounds. This complexitiy brings huge challenges to the analytical technologies employed in current plant metabolomics programs, and powerful analytical tools are required for the separation and characterization of this extremely high compound diversity present in biological sample matrices. The use of mass spectrometry (MS)-based analytical platforms to profile stress-responsive metabolites that allow some plants to adapt to adverse environmental conditions is fundamental in current plant biotechnology research programs for the understanding and development of stress-tolerant plants. In this review, we describe recent applications of metabolomics and emphasize its increasing application to study plant responses to environmental (stress-) factors, including drought, salt, low oxygen caused by waterlogging or flooding of the soil, temperature, light and oxidative stress (or a combination of them). Advances in understanding the global changes occurring in plant metabolism under specific abiotic stress conditions are fundamental to enhance plant fitness and increase stress tolerance. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 35:620-649, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago F Jorge
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier-Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-UNL), Avenida República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - João A Rodrigues
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Camila Caldana
- Max-Planck-partner group at the Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory/CNPEM, 13083-970, Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Romy Schmidt
- Institute of Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joost T van Dongen
- Institute of Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jane Thomas-Oates
- Jane Thomas-Oates, Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry, and Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Carla António
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier-Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-UNL), Avenida República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
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100
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Zhang H, Du C, Wang Y, Wang J, Zheng L, Wang Y. The Reaumuria trigyna leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (RtLDOX) gene complements anthocyanidin synthesis and increases the salt tolerance potential of a transgenic Arabidopsis LDOX mutant. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 106:278-87. [PMID: 27219053 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Reaumuria trigyna is a typical, native desert halophyte that grows under extreme conditions in Inner Mongolia. In a previous transcriptomic profiling analysis, flavonoid pathway-related genes in R. trigyna showed significant differences in transcript abundance under salt stress. Leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LDOX, EC 1.14.11.19) is one of three dioxygenases in the flavonoid pathway that catalyzes the formation of anthocyanidins from leucoanthocyanidins. In this study, we cloned the full-length cDNA of R. trigyna LDOX (RtLDOX), and found RtLDOX recombinant protein was able to replace flavanone-3-hydroxylase (F3H, EC 1.14.11.9), another dioxygenase in the flavonoid pathway, to convert naringenin to dihydrokaempferol in vitro. R. trigyna LDOX can complement the Arabidopsis LDOX mutant transparent testa11 (tt11-11), which has reduced proanthocyanin (PA) and anthocyanin levels in seeds, to accumulate these two compounds. Thus, RtLDOX acts as a multifunctional dioxygenase to effect the synthesis of PA and anthocyanins and can perform F3H dioxygenase activities in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. The RtLDOX promoter harbored many cis-acting elements that might be recognized and bound by transcription factors related to stress response. RtLDOX expression was strongly increased under salt stress, and RtLDOX transgenic Arabidopsis mutant under NaCl stress accumulated the content of flavonoids leading to an increased antioxidant activities and plant biomass. These results suggest that RtLDOX as a multifunctional dioxygenase in flavonoid biosynthesis involves in enhancing plant response to NaCl stress.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Anthocyanins/biosynthesis
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Arabidopsis/physiology
- Biocatalysis/drug effects
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Flavanones/metabolism
- Flavonoids/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
- Genes, Plant
- Genetic Complementation Test
- Mutation/genetics
- Oxygenases/chemistry
- Oxygenases/genetics
- Oxygenases/metabolism
- Phylogeny
- Plants, Genetically Modified
- Proanthocyanidins/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Salt Tolerance/drug effects
- Salt Tolerance/genetics
- Seeds/drug effects
- Seeds/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sodium Chloride/pharmacology
- Stress, Physiological/drug effects
- Stress, Physiological/genetics
- Tamaricaceae/drug effects
- Tamaricaceae/enzymology
- Tamaricaceae/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Huirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao Du
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Linlin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingchun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, People's Republic of China.
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