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Grimberg Å, Wilkinson M, Snell P, De Vos RP, González-Thuillier I, Tawfike A, Ward JL, Carlsson AS, Shewry P, Hofvander P. Transitions in wheat endosperm metabolism upon transcriptional induction of oil accumulation by oat endosperm WRINKLED1. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:235. [PMID: 32450804 PMCID: PMC7249431 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cereal grains, including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), are major sources of food and feed, with wheat being dominant in temperate zones. These end uses exploit the storage reserves in the starchy endosperm of the grain, with starch being the major storage component in most cereal species. However, oats (Avena sativa L.) differs in that the starchy endosperm stores significant amounts of oil. Understanding the control of carbon allocation between groups of storage compounds, such as starch and oil, is therefore important for understanding the composition and hence end use quality of cereals. WRINKLED1 is a transcription factor known to induce triacylglycerol (TAG; oil) accumulation in several plant storage tissues. RESULTS An oat endosperm homolog of WRI1 (AsWRI1) expressed from the endosperm-specific HMW1Dx5 promoter resulted in drastic changes in carbon allocation in wheat grains, with reduced seed weight and a wrinkled seed phenotype. The starch content of mature grain endosperms of AsWRI1-wheat was reduced compared to controls (from 62 to 22% by dry weight (dw)), TAG was increased by up to nine-fold (from 0.7 to 6.4% oil by dw) and sucrose from 1.5 to 10% by dw. Expression of AsWRI1 in wheat grains also resulted in multiple layers of elongated peripheral aleurone cells. RNA-sequencing, lipid analyses, and pulse-chase experiments using 14C-sucrose indicated that futile cycling of fatty acids could be a limitation for oil accumulation. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that expression of oat endosperm WRI1 in the wheat endosperm results in changes in metabolism which could underpin the application of biotechnology to manipulate grain composition. In particular, the striking effect on starch synthesis in the wheat endosperm indicates that an important indirect role of WRI1 is to divert carbon allocation away from starch biosynthesis in plant storage tissues that accumulate oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Grimberg
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-23053, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Mark Wilkinson
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Per Snell
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-23053, Alnarp, Sweden
- Current address: MariboHilleshög Research AB, Box 302, 261 23, Landskrona, Sweden
| | - Rebecca P De Vos
- Department of Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | | | - Ahmed Tawfike
- Department of Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Jane L Ward
- Department of Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Anders S Carlsson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Peter Shewry
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Per Hofvander
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-23053, Alnarp, Sweden
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52
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Alotaibi SS, Elseehy MM, Aljuaid BS, El-Shehawi AM. Transcriptome Analysis of Jojoba ( Simmondsia chinensis) during Seed Development and Liquid Wax Ester Biosynthesis. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9050588. [PMID: 32375380 PMCID: PMC7284725 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Jojoba is one of the main two known plant source of natural liquid wax ester for use in various applications, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and biofuel. Due to the lack of transcriptomic and genomic data on lipid biosynthesis and accumulation, molecular marker breeding has been used to improve jojoba oil production and quality. In the current study, the transcriptome of developing jojoba seeds was investigated using the Illunina NovaSeq 6000 system, 100 × 106 paired end reads, an average length of 100 bp, and a sequence depth of 12 Gb per sample. A total of 176,106 unigenes were detected with an average contig length of 201 bp. Gene Ontology (GO) showed that the detected unigenes were distributed in the three GO groups biological processes (BP, 5.53%), cellular component (CC, 6.06%), and molecular functions (MF, 5.88%) and distributed in 67 functional groups. The lipid biosynthesis pathway was established based on the expression of lipid biosynthesis genes, fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis, FA desaturation, FA elongation, fatty alcohol biosynthesis, triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis, phospholipid metabolism, wax ester biosynthesis, and lipid transfer and storage genes. The detection of these categories of genes confirms the presence of an efficient lipid biosynthesis and accumulation system in developing jojoba seeds. The results of this study will significantly enhance the current understanding of wax ester biology in jojoba seeds and open new routes for the improvement of jojoba oil production and quality through biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqer S. Alotaibi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (S.S.A.); (A.M.E.-S.)
| | - Mona M. Elseehy
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21545, Egypt;
| | - Bandar S. Aljuaid
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed M. El-Shehawi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21545, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (S.S.A.); (A.M.E.-S.)
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Sustainable Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Production through Improved Technology: An Overview of Production, Challenges, and Opportunities in Myanmar. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12093515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper aims to review the research achievements concerning sustainable sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) production and outlook on the production constraints and future perspectives for Myanmar sesame. Sesame is an economically and nutritionally important crop, and it is prized for oil. The global sesame market demand is rising with increasing health awareness. Meanwhile, there is high competition in the market among producing countries for an international trade. Smallholder farmers in developing countries cultivate sesame as a cash crop on marginal soils. The edible oilseed sectors currently face several challenges, including ones affecting sesame crops. For sustainable production of sesame, an integrated approach is needed to overcome these challenges and the critical limiting factors should be identified. In recent years, sesame genomic resources, including molecular markers, genetic maps, genome sequences, and online functional databases, are available for sesame genetic improvement programs. Since ancient times, sesame has been cultivated in Myanmar, but productivity is still lower than that of other sesame producing countries. Myanmar sesame production is limited by many factors, including production technology, research and development, etc. With integration of these genomic resources, crop production and protection techniques, postharvest practices, crop improvement programs, and capacity building will play a crucial role for improving sesame production in Myanmar.
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Wang M, Gao L, Li G, Zhou C, Jian J, Xing Z, Wang Y, Zhang W, Song Z, Hu Y, Yang J. Interspecific Variation in the Unsaturation Level of Seed Oils Were Associated With the Expression Pattern Shifts of Duplicated Desaturase Genes and the Potential Role of Other Regulatory Genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:616338. [PMID: 33519875 PMCID: PMC7838364 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.616338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Seed oils are of great economic importance both for human consumption and industrial applications. The nutritional quality and industrial value of seed oils are mostly determined by their fatty acid profiles, especially the relative proportions of unsaturated fatty acids. Tree peony seed oils have recently been recognized as novel edible oils enriched in α-linolenic acid (ALA). However, congeneric species, such as Paeonia ostii and P. ludlowii, showed marked variation in the relative proportions of different unsaturated fatty acids. By comparing the dynamics of fatty acid accumulation and the time-course gene expression patterns between P. ostii and P. ludlowii, we identified genes that were differentially expressed between two species in developing seeds, and showed congruent patterns of variation between expression levels and phenotypes. In addition to the well-known desaturase and acyltransferase genes associated with fatty acid desaturation, among them were some genes that were conservatively co-expressed with the desaturation pathway genes across phylogenetically distant ALA-rich species, including Camelina sativa and Perilla frutescens. Go enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were mainly involved in transcriptional regulation, protein post-translational modification and hormone biosynthesis and response, suggesting that the fatty acid synthesis and desaturation pathway might be subject to multiple levels of regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lexuan Gao
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gengyun Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengchuan Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjing Jian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Xing
- Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, China
| | - Yuguo Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenju Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiping Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghong Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yonghong Hu,
| | - Ji Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yonghong Hu,
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Acket S, Degournay A, Rossez Y, Mottelet S, Villon P, Troncoso-Ponce A, Thomasset B. 13C-Metabolic Flux Analysis in Developing Flax ( Linum usitatissinum L.) Embryos to Understand Storage Lipid Biosynthesis. Metabolites 2019; 10:metabo10010014. [PMID: 31878240 PMCID: PMC7022742 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Flax (Linum usitatissinum L.) oil is an important source of α-linolenic (C18:3 ω-3). This polyunsaturated fatty acid is well known for its nutritional role in human and animal diets. Understanding storage lipid biosynthesis in developing flax embryos can lead to an increase in seed yield via marker-assisted selection. While a tremendous amount of work has been done on different plant species to highlight their metabolism during embryo development, a comprehensive analysis of metabolic flux in flax is still lacking. In this context, we have utilized in vitro cultured developing embryos of flax and determined net fluxes by performing three complementary parallel labeling experiments with 13C-labeled glucose and glutamine. Metabolic fluxes were estimated by computer-aided modeling of the central metabolic network including 11 cofactors of 118 reactions of the central metabolism and 12 pseudo-fluxes. A focus on lipid storage biosynthesis and the associated pathways was done in comparison with rapeseed, arabidopsis, maize and sunflower embryos. In our hands, glucose was determined to be the main source of carbon in flax embryos, leading to the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate. The oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) was identified as the producer of NADPH for fatty acid biosynthesis. Overall, the use of 13C-metabolic flux analysis provided new insights into the flax embryo metabolic processes involved in storage lipid biosynthesis. The elucidation of the metabolic network of this important crop plant reinforces the relevance of the application of this technique to the analysis of complex plant metabolic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Acket
- Alliance Sorbonne Université, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60205 Compiègne CEDEX, France; (A.D.); (Y.R.); (A.T.-P.); (B.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anthony Degournay
- Alliance Sorbonne Université, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60205 Compiègne CEDEX, France; (A.D.); (Y.R.); (A.T.-P.); (B.T.)
| | - Yannick Rossez
- Alliance Sorbonne Université, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60205 Compiègne CEDEX, France; (A.D.); (Y.R.); (A.T.-P.); (B.T.)
| | - Stéphane Mottelet
- Alliance Sorbonne Université, EA 4297 TIMR, Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60205 Compiègne CEDEX, France;
| | - Pierre Villon
- Alliance Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire Roberval, FRE UTC CNRS 2012, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60205 Compiègne CEDEX, France;
| | - Adrian Troncoso-Ponce
- Alliance Sorbonne Université, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60205 Compiègne CEDEX, France; (A.D.); (Y.R.); (A.T.-P.); (B.T.)
| | - Brigitte Thomasset
- Alliance Sorbonne Université, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60205 Compiègne CEDEX, France; (A.D.); (Y.R.); (A.T.-P.); (B.T.)
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Demski K, Jeppson S, Lager I, Misztak A, Jasieniecka-Gazarkiewicz K, Waleron M, Stymne S, Banaś A. Isoforms of Acyl-CoA:Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase2 Differ Substantially in Their Specificities toward Erucic Acid. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 181:1468-1479. [PMID: 31619508 PMCID: PMC6878005 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In most oilseeds, two evolutionarily unrelated acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzymes, DGAT1 and DGAT2, are the main contributors to the acylation of diacylglycerols in the synthesis of triacylglycerol. DGAT1 and DGAT2 are both present in the important crop oilseed rape (Brassica napus), with each type having four isoforms. We studied the activities of DGAT isoforms during seed development in microsomal fractions from two oilseed rape cultivars: edible, low-erucic acid (22:1) MONOLIT and nonedible high-erucic acid MAPLUS. Whereas the specific activities of DGATs were similar with most of the tested acyl-CoA substrates in both cultivars, MAPLUS had 6- to 14-fold higher activity with 22:1-CoA than did MONOLIT. Thus, DGAT isoforms with different acyl-CoA specificities are differentially active in the two cultivars. We characterized the acyl-CoA specificities of all DGAT isoforms in oilseed rape in the microsomal fractions of yeast cells heterologously expressing these enzymes. All four DGAT1 isoforms showed similar and broad acyl-CoA specificities. However, DGAT2 isoforms had much narrower acyl-CoA specificities: two DGAT2 isoforms were highly active with 22:1-CoA, while the ability of the other two isoforms to use this substrate was impaired. These findings elucidate the importance, which a DGAT isoform with suitable acyl-CoA specificity may have, when aiming for high content of a particular fatty acid in plant triacylglycerol reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Demski
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Simon Jeppson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Ida Lager
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Agnieszka Misztak
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Małgorzata Waleron
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sten Stymne
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Antoni Banaś
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
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57
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Liao P, Woodfield HK, Harwood JL, Chye ML, Scofield S. Comparative Transcriptomics Analysis of Brassica napus L. during Seed Maturation Reveals Dynamic Changes in Gene Expression between Embryos and Seed Coats and Distinct Expression Profiles of Acyl-CoA-Binding Proteins for Lipid Accumulation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2812-2825. [PMID: 31504915 PMCID: PMC6896696 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Production of vegetable oils is a vital agricultural resource and oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is the third most important oil crop globally. Although the regulation of lipid biosynthesis in oilseeds is still not fully defined, the acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) have been reported to be involved in such metabolism, including oil accumulation, in several plant species. In this study, progressive changes in gene expression in embryos and seed coats at different stages of seed development were comprehensively investigated by transcriptomic analyses in B. napus, revealing dynamic changes in the expression of genes involved in lipid biosynthesis. We show that genes encoding BnACBP proteins show distinct changes in expression at different developmental stages of seed development and show markedly different expression between embryos and seed coats. Both isoforms of the ankyrin-repeat BnACBP2 increased during the oil accumulation period of embryo development. By contrast, the expression of the three most abundant isoforms of the small molecular mass BnACBP6 in embryos showed progressive reduction, despite having the highest overall expression level. In seed coats, BnACBP3, BnACBP4 and BnACBP5 expression remained constant during development, whereas the two major isoforms of BnACBP6 increased, contrasting with the data from embryos. We conclude that genes related to fatty acid and triacylglycerol biosynthesis showing dynamic expression changes may regulate the lipid distribution in embryos and seed coats of B. napus and that BnACBP2 and BnACBP6 are potentially important for oil accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
- Corresponding authors: John L. Harwood, E-mail, ; Fax, 00-44-2920-874116; Mee-Len Chye, E-mail, ; Fax, 852-28583477
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Corresponding authors: John L. Harwood, E-mail, ; Fax, 00-44-2920-874116; Mee-Len Chye, E-mail, ; Fax, 852-28583477
| | - Simon Scofield
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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Nam JW, Yeon J, Jeong J, Cho E, Kim HB, Hur Y, Lee KR, Yi H. Overexpression of Acyl-ACP Thioesterases, CpFatB4 and CpFatB5, Induce Distinct Gene Expression Reprogramming in Developing Seeds of Brassica napus. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3334. [PMID: 31284614 PMCID: PMC6651428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the substrate preference of Cuphea paucipetala acyl-ACP thioesterases, CpFatB4 and CpFatB5, and gene expression changes associated with the modification of lipid composition in the seed, using Brassica napus transgenic plants overexpressing CpFatB4 or CpFatB5 under the control of a seed-specific promoter. CpFatB4 seeds contained a higher level of total saturated fatty acid (FA) content, with 4.3 times increase in 16:0 palmitic acid, whereas CpFatB5 seeds showed approximately 3% accumulation of 10:0 and 12:0 medium-chain FAs, and a small increase in other saturated FAs, resulting in higher levels of total saturated FAs. RNA-Seq analysis using entire developing pods at 8, 25, and 45 days after flowering (DAF) showed up-regulation of genes for β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase I/II, stearoyl-ACP desaturase, oleate desaturase, and linoleate desaturase, which could increase unsaturated FAs and possibly compensate for the increase in 16:0 palmitic acid at 45 DAF in CpFatB4 transgenic plants. In CpFatB5 transgenic plants, many putative chloroplast- or mitochondria-encoded genes were identified as differentially expressed. Our results report comprehensive gene expression changes induced by alterations of seed FA composition and reveal potential targets for further genetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Won Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jinouk Yeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jiseong Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Ho Bang Kim
- Life Sciences Research Institute, Biomedic Co., Ltd., Bucheon 14548, Korea
| | - Yoonkang Hur
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Kyeong-Ryeol Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Agricultural Science, RDA, Jeonju 55365, Korea.
| | - Hankuil Yi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
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59
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Li R, Qiu Z, Wang X, Gong P, Xu Q, Yu QB, Guan Y. Pooled CRISPR/Cas9 reveals redundant roles of plastidial phosphoglycerate kinases in carbon fixation and metabolism. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 98:1078-1089. [PMID: 30834637 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) is a highly conserved reversible enzyme that participates in both glycolysis and photosynthesis. In Arabidopsis thaliana, one cytosolic PGK (PGKc) and two plastidial PGKs (PGKp) are known. It remains debatable whether the two PGKp isozymes are functionally redundant or specialized in plastidial carbon metabolism and fixation. Here, using a pooled clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) strategy, we found that plants with single mutations in pgkp1 or pgkp2 were not significantly affected, whereas a pgkp1pgkp2 double mutation was lethal due to retarded carbon fixation, suggesting that PGKp isozymes play redundant functional roles. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated that the sugar-deficient pgkp1pgkp2 double mutation was partially complemented by exogenous sugar, although respiration intermediates were not rescued. Chloroplast development was defective in pgkp1pgkp2, due to a deficiency in glycolysis-dependent galactoglycerolipid biosynthesis. Ectopic expression of a plastid targeting PGKc did not reverse the pgkp1pgkp2 double-mutant phenotypes. Therefore, PGKp1 and PGKp2 play redundant roles in carbon fixation and metabolism, whereas the molecular function of PGKc is more divergent. Our study demonstrated the functional conservation and divergence of glycolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizi Li
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhimin Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Xiaoguo Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Pingping Gong
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qinzhen Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Qing-Bo Yu
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuefeng Guan
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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60
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Lavell AA, Benning C. Cellular Organization and Regulation of Plant Glycerolipid Metabolism. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1176-1183. [PMID: 30690552 PMCID: PMC6553661 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Great strides have been made in understanding how membranes and lipid droplets are formed and maintained in land plants, yet much more is to be learned given the complexity of plant lipid metabolism. A complicating factor is the multi-organellar presence of biosynthetic enzymes and unique compositional requirements of different membrane systems. This necessitates a rich network of transporters and transport mechanisms that supply fatty acids, membrane lipids and storage lipids to their final cellular destination. Though we know a large number of the biosynthetic enzymes involved in lipid biosynthesis and a few transport proteins, the regulatory mechanisms, in particular, coordinating expression and/or activity of the majority remain yet to be described. Plants undergoing stress alter their membranes' compositions, and lipids such as phosphatidic acid have been implicated in stress signaling. Additionally, lipid metabolism in chloroplasts supplies precursors for jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis, and perturbations in lipid homeostasis has consequences on JA signaling. In this review, several aspects of plant lipid metabolism are discussed that are currently under investigation: cellular transport of lipids, regulation of lipid biosynthesis, roles of lipids in stress signaling, and lastly the structural and oligomeric states of lipid enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Lavell
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - C Benning
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Corresponding author: E-mail, ; Fax, 517-353-9168
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Huang Y, Xiao L, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Wang Z, Huang C, Huang R, Luan Y, Fan T, Wang J, Shen C, Zhang S, Wang X, Randall J, Zheng B, Wu J, Zhang Q, Xia G, Xu C, Chen M, Zhang L, Jiang W, Gao L, Chen Z, Leslie CA, Grauke LJ, Huang J. The genomes of pecan and Chinese hickory provide insights into Carya evolution and nut nutrition. Gigascience 2019; 8:giz036. [PMID: 31049561 PMCID: PMC6497033 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giz036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) and Chinese hickory (C. cathayensis) are important commercially cultivated nut trees in the genus Carya (Juglandaceae), with high nutritional value and substantial health benefits. RESULTS We obtained >187.22 and 178.87 gigabases of sequence, and ∼288× and 248× genome coverage, to a pecan cultivar ("Pawnee") and a domesticated Chinese hickory landrace (ZAFU-1), respectively. The total assembly size is 651.31 megabases (Mb) for pecan and 706.43 Mb for Chinese hickory. Two genome duplication events before the divergence from walnut were found in these species. Gene family analysis highlighted key genes in biotic and abiotic tolerance, oil, polyphenols, essential amino acids, and B vitamins. Further analyses of reduced-coverage genome sequences of 16 Carya and 2 Juglans species provide additional phylogenetic perspective on crop wild relatives. CONCLUSIONS Cooperative characterization of these valuable resources provides a window to their evolutionary development and a valuable foundation for future crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Lihong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhongren Zhang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, No. 38 Xueqing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhengjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chunying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ren Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yumeng Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Tongqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shenmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xinwang Wang
- Pecan Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 10200 FM 50, Somerville, TX 77979, USA
| | - Jennifer Randall
- College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, 3BE Skeen Hall, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Guohua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chuanmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ming Chen
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liangsheng Zhang
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Rd., Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenkai Jiang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, No. 38 Xueqing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lizhi Gao
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwestern China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 132 Lanhei Rd., Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zhiduan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan Rd., Beijing 100093, China
| | - Charles A Leslie
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - L J Grauke
- Pecan Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 10200 FM 50, Somerville, TX 77979, USA
| | - Jianqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Developing Seeds and Silique Wall Reveals Dynamic Transcription Networks for Effective Oil Production in Brassica napus L. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081982. [PMID: 31018533 PMCID: PMC6515390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vegetable oil is an essential constituent of the human diet and renewable raw material for industrial applications. Enhancing oil production by increasing seed oil content in oil crops is the most viable, environmentally friendly, and sustainable approach to meet the continuous demand for the supply of vegetable oil globally. An in-depth understanding of the gene networks involved in oil biosynthesis during seed development is a prerequisite for breeding high-oil-content varieties. Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is one of the most important oil crops cultivated on multiple continents, contributing more than 15% of the world’s edible oil supply. To understand the phasic nature of oil biosynthesis and the dynamic regulation of key pathways for effective oil accumulation in B. napus, comparative transcriptomic profiling was performed with developing seeds and silique wall (SW) tissues of two contrasting inbred lines with ~13% difference in seed oil content. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between high- and low-oil content lines were identified across six key developmental stages, and gene enrichment analysis revealed that genes related to photosynthesis, metabolism, carbohydrates, lipids, phytohormones, transporters, and triacylglycerol and fatty acid synthesis tended to be upregulated in the high-oil-content line. Differentially regulated DEG patterns were revealed for the control of metabolite and photosynthate production in SW and oil biosynthesis and accumulation in seeds. Quantitative assays of carbohydrates and hormones during seed development together with gene expression profiling of relevant pathways revealed their fundamental effects on effective oil accumulation. Our results thus provide insights into the molecular basis of high seed oil content (SOC) and a new direction for developing high-SOC rapeseed and other oil crops.
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Bai S, Engelen S, Denolf P, Wallis JG, Lynch K, Bengtsson JD, Van Thournout M, Haesendonckx B, Browse J. Identification, characterization and field testing of Brassica napus mutants producing high-oleic oils. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 98:33-41. [PMID: 30536486 PMCID: PMC6604813 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Producing healthy, high-oleic oils and eliminating trans-fatty acids from foods are two goals that can be addressed by reducing activity of the oleate desaturase, FAD2, in oilseeds. However, it is essential to understand the consequences of reducing FAD2 activity on the metabolism, cell biology and physiology of oilseed crop plants. Here, we translate knowledge from studies of fad2 mutants in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to investigate the limits of non-GMO approaches to maximize oleic acid in the seed oil of canola (Brassica napus), a species that expresses three active FAD2 isozymes. A series of hypomorphic and null mutations in the FAD2.A5 isoform were characterized in yeast (Saccharomyes cerevisiae). Then, four of these were combined with null mutations in the other two isozymes, FAD2.C5 and FAD2.C1. The resulting mutant lines contained 71-87% oleic acid in their seed oil, compared with 62% in wild-type controls. All the mutant lines grew well in a greenhouse, but in field experiments we observed a clear demarcation in plant performance. Mutant lines containing less than 80% oleate in the seed oil were indistinguishable from wild-type controls in growth parameters and seed oil content. By contrast, lines with more than 80% oleate in the seed oil had significantly lower seedling establishment and vigor, delayed flowering and reduced plant height at maturity. These lines also had 7-11% reductions in seed oil content. Our results extend understanding of the B. napusFAD2 isozymes and define the practical limit to increasing oil oleate content in this crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyi Bai
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Clark Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
| | - Steven Engelen
- BASF Agricultural Solutions Belgium N.V., Technologiepark 101, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Denolf
- BASF Agricultural Solutions Belgium N.V., Technologiepark 101, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - James G. Wallis
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Clark Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
| | - Katherine Lynch
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Clark Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
| | - Jesse D. Bengtsson
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Clark Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
| | - Michel Van Thournout
- BASF Agricultural Solutions Belgium N.V., Technologiepark 101, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Boris Haesendonckx
- BASF Agricultural Solutions Belgium N.V., Technologiepark 101, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Browse
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Clark Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
- For correspondence ()
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Lunn D, Wallis JG, Browse J. Tri-Hydroxy-Triacylglycerol Is Efficiently Produced by Position-Specific Castor Acyltransferases. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:1050-1063. [PMID: 30610110 PMCID: PMC6393782 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the biochemistry of triacylglycerol (TAG) assembly is critical in tailoring seed oils to produce high-value products. Hydroxy-fatty acid (HFA) is one such valuable modified fatty acid, which can be produced at low levels in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed through transgenic expression of the castor (Ricinus communis) hydroxylase. The resulting plants have low seed oil content and poor seedling establishment, indicating that Arabidopsis lacks efficient metabolic networks for biosynthesis and catabolism of hydroxy-containing TAG. To improve utilization of such substrates, we expressed three castor acyltransferase enzymes that incorporate HFA at each stereochemical position during TAG synthesis. This produced abundant tri-HFA TAG and concentrated 44% of seed HFA moieties into this one TAG species. Ricinoleic acid was more abundant than any other fatty acid in these seeds, which had 3-fold more HFA by weight than that in seeds following simple hydroxylase expression, the highest yet measured in a nonnative plant. Efficient utilization of hydroxy-containing lipid substrates increased the rate of TAG synthesis 2-fold, leading to complete relief of the low-oil phenotype. Partition of HFA into specific TAG molecules increased the storage lipid available for mobilization during seedling development, resulting in a 1.9-fold increase in seedling establishment. Expression of a complete acyltransferase pathway to efficiently process HFA establishes a benchmark in the quest to successfully produce modified oils in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lunn
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
| | - James G Wallis
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
| | - John Browse
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
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65
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Vanhercke T, Dyer JM, Mullen RT, Kilaru A, Rahman MM, Petrie JR, Green AG, Yurchenko O, Singh SP. Metabolic engineering for enhanced oil in biomass. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 74:103-129. [PMID: 30822461 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The world is hungry for energy. Plant oils in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG) are one of the most reduced storage forms of carbon found in nature and hence represent an excellent source of energy. The myriad of applications for plant oils range across foods, feeds, biofuels, and chemical feedstocks as a unique substitute for petroleum derivatives. Traditionally, plant oils are sourced either from oilseeds or tissues surrounding the seed (mesocarp). Most vegetative tissues, such as leaves and stems, however, accumulate relatively low levels of TAG. Since non-seed tissues constitute the majority of the plant biomass, metabolic engineering to improve their low-intrinsic TAG-biosynthetic capacity has recently attracted significant attention as a novel, sustainable and potentially high-yielding oil production platform. While initial attempts predominantly targeted single genes, recent combinatorial metabolic engineering strategies have focused on the simultaneous optimization of oil synthesis, packaging and degradation pathways (i.e., 'push, pull, package and protect'). This holistic approach has resulted in dramatic, seed-like TAG levels in vegetative tissues. With the first proof of concept hurdle addressed, new challenges and opportunities emerge, including engineering fatty acid profile, translation into agronomic crops, extraction, and downstream processing to deliver accessible and sustainable bioenergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vanhercke
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - John M Dyer
- USDA-ARS, US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | - Robert T Mullen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Aruna Kilaru
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - James R Petrie
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Folear, Goulburn, NSW, Australia
| | - Allan G Green
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Olga Yurchenko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Surinder P Singh
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Deng S, Mai Y, Shui L, Niu J. WRINKLED1 transcription factor orchestrates the regulation of carbon partitioning for C18:1 (oleic acid) accumulation in Siberian apricot kernel. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2693. [PMID: 30804440 PMCID: PMC6389899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
WRINKLED1 (WRI1), an APETALA2 (AP2)-type transcription factor, has been shown to be required for the regulation of carbon partitioning into fatty acid (FA) synthesis in plant seeds. To our knowledge, the regulatory network of WRI1 remains unknown in Prunus sibirica kernel (PSK), a novel woody biodiesel feedstock in China. In this study, based on the transcriptional data from developing oilseeds of multiple plant species, we identified 161 WRI1-coexpressed genes using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The major portion of WRI1-coexpressed genes was characterized to be involved in carbon partitioning and FA biosynthesis. Additionally, we detected the temporal patterns for oil content and FA compositions in developing PSK from two different germplasms (AS-85 and AS-86). The major differences between the two germplasms are higher contents of oil and C18:1 in AS-85 than in AS-86 at a mature stage. Thus, AS-85 and AS-86 are desirable materials to explore the molecular and metabolic mechanisms of oil accumulation in Siberian apricot. Expression analysis in developing PSK of AS-85 and AS-86 indicated that the expression level of P. sibirica WRI1 (PsWRI1) was closely correlated to accumulative rate of oil. Also, the comparison of expression profiles in developing PSK of AS-85 and AS-86 displayed that the pPK, E1-α, E2, TAL, BC, MCMT, BS, SAD and FAD2 have a high correlation with PsWRI1. Transient expression showed that ProSAD- and ProBS-driving GUS expression showed no substantial difference between AS-85 and AS-86, while the expression level of ProPEPCK-AS-85 driving GUS was significantly higher than that of ProPEPCK-AS-86 driving GUS. Additionally, transient co-transformation with PsWRI1 revealed that ProSAD, ProPEPCK and ProBS activity could be specifically up-regulated by PsWRI1. This regulatory mechanism of PsWRI1 may create a steep concentration difference, thereby facilitating carbon flux into C18:1 accumulation in developing PSK. Overall, all our findings imply a versatile mechanism of WRI1 to optimize carbon allocation for oil accumulation, which can provide reference for researching the woody biodiesel plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Deng
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Yiting Mai
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Lanya Shui
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Jun Niu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China.
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Xiao Y, Xia W, Mason AS, Cao Z, Fan H, Zhang B, Zhang J, Ma Z, Peng M, Huang D. Genetic control of fatty acid composition in coconut (Cocos nucifera), African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), and date palm (Phoenix dactylifera). PLANTA 2019; 249:333-350. [PMID: 30194535 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-3003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Predominant gene isoforms and expression bias in lipid metabolism pathways are highly conserved between oil-producing Arecaceae crop species coconut and oil palm, but diverge in non-oil-producing species date palm. Coconut (Cocos nucifera), African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) are three major crop species in the Arecaceae family for which genome sequences have recently become available. Coconut and African oil palm both store oil in their endosperms, while date palm fruits contain very little oil. We analyzed fatty acid composition in three coconut tissues (leaf, endosperm and embryo) and in two African oil palm tissues (leaf and mesocarp), and identified 806, 840 and 848 lipid-related genes in 22 lipid metabolism pathways from the coconut, African oil palm and date palm genomes, respectively. The majority of lipid-related genes were highly homologous and retained in homologous segments between the three species. Genes involved in the conversion of pyruvate to fatty acid had a five-to-sixfold higher expression in the coconut endosperm and oil palm mesocarp than in the leaf or embryo tissues based on Fragments Per Kilobase of transcript per Million mapped reads values. A close evolutionary relationship between predominant gene isoforms and high conservation of gene expression bias in the lipid and carbohydrate gene metabolism pathways was observed for the two oil-producing species coconut and oil palm, differing from that of date palm, a non-oil-producing species. Our results elucidate the similarities and differences in lipid metabolism between the three major Arecaceae crop species, providing important information for physiology studies as well as breeding for fatty acid composition and oil content in these crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xiao
- Coconut Research Institute, CATAS, Wenchang, 571339, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China.
| | - Annaliese S Mason
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Zengying Cao
- MOA Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biology and Genetic Resources Utilization, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haikuo Fan
- Coconut Research Institute, CATAS, Wenchang, 571339, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlan Zhang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Zilong Ma
- MOA Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biology and Genetic Resources Utilization, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Peng
- MOA Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biology and Genetic Resources Utilization, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyi Huang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China
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Tian B, Lu T, Xu Y, Wang R, Chen G. Identification of genes associated with ricinoleic acid accumulation in Hiptage benghalensis via transcriptome analysis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:16. [PMID: 30679955 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1358-1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ricinoleic acid is a high-value hydroxy fatty acid with broad industrial applications. Hiptage benghalensis seed oil contains a high amount of ricinoleic acid (~ 80%) and represents an emerging source of this unusual fatty acid. However, the mechanism of ricinoleic acid accumulation in H. benghalensis is yet to be explored at the molecular level, which hampers the exploration of its potential in ricinoleic acid production. RESULTS To explore the molecular mechanism of ricinoleic acid biosynthesis and regulation, H. benghalensis seeds were harvested at five developing stages (13, 16, 19, 22, and 25 days after pollination) for lipid analysis. The results revealed that the rapid accumulation of ricinoleic acid occurred at the early-mid-seed development stages (16-22 days after pollination). Subsequently, the gene transcription profiles of the developing seeds were characterized via a comprehensive transcriptome analysis with second-generation sequencing and single-molecule real-time sequencing. Differential expression patterns were identified in 12,555 transcripts, including 71 enzymes in lipid metabolic pathways, 246 putative transcription factors (TFs) and 124 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Twelve genes involved in diverse lipid metabolism pathways, including fatty acid biosynthesis and modification (hydroxylation), lipid traffic, triacylglycerol assembly, acyl editing and oil-body formation, displayed high expression levels and consistent expression patterns with ricinoleic acid accumulation in the developing seeds, suggesting their primary roles in ricinoleic acid production. Subsequent co-expression network analysis identified 57 TFs and 35 lncRNAs, which are putatively involved in the regulation of ricinoleic acid biosynthesis. The transcriptome data were further validated by analyzing the expression profiles of key enzyme-encoding genes, TFs and lncRNAs with quantitative real-time PCR. Finally, a network of genes associated with ricinoleic acid accumulation in H. benghalensis was established. CONCLUSIONS This study was the first step toward the understating of the molecular mechanisms of ricinoleic acid biosynthesis and oil accumulation in H. benghalensis seeds and identified a pool of novel genes regulating ricinoleic acid accumulation. The results set a foundation for developing H. benghalensis into a novel ricinoleic acid feedstock at the transcriptomic level and provided valuable candidate genes for improving ricinoleic acid production in other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tian
- 1Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223 China
| | - Tianquan Lu
- 1Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223 China
| | - Yang Xu
- 2Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5 Canada
| | - Ruling Wang
- 1Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223 China
| | - Guanqun Chen
- 2Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5 Canada
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Tian B, Lu T, Xu Y, Wang R, Chen G. Identification of genes associated with ricinoleic acid accumulation in Hiptage benghalensis via transcriptome analysis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:16. [PMID: 30679955 PMCID: PMC6340187 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ricinoleic acid is a high-value hydroxy fatty acid with broad industrial applications. Hiptage benghalensis seed oil contains a high amount of ricinoleic acid (~ 80%) and represents an emerging source of this unusual fatty acid. However, the mechanism of ricinoleic acid accumulation in H. benghalensis is yet to be explored at the molecular level, which hampers the exploration of its potential in ricinoleic acid production. RESULTS To explore the molecular mechanism of ricinoleic acid biosynthesis and regulation, H. benghalensis seeds were harvested at five developing stages (13, 16, 19, 22, and 25 days after pollination) for lipid analysis. The results revealed that the rapid accumulation of ricinoleic acid occurred at the early-mid-seed development stages (16-22 days after pollination). Subsequently, the gene transcription profiles of the developing seeds were characterized via a comprehensive transcriptome analysis with second-generation sequencing and single-molecule real-time sequencing. Differential expression patterns were identified in 12,555 transcripts, including 71 enzymes in lipid metabolic pathways, 246 putative transcription factors (TFs) and 124 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Twelve genes involved in diverse lipid metabolism pathways, including fatty acid biosynthesis and modification (hydroxylation), lipid traffic, triacylglycerol assembly, acyl editing and oil-body formation, displayed high expression levels and consistent expression patterns with ricinoleic acid accumulation in the developing seeds, suggesting their primary roles in ricinoleic acid production. Subsequent co-expression network analysis identified 57 TFs and 35 lncRNAs, which are putatively involved in the regulation of ricinoleic acid biosynthesis. The transcriptome data were further validated by analyzing the expression profiles of key enzyme-encoding genes, TFs and lncRNAs with quantitative real-time PCR. Finally, a network of genes associated with ricinoleic acid accumulation in H. benghalensis was established. CONCLUSIONS This study was the first step toward the understating of the molecular mechanisms of ricinoleic acid biosynthesis and oil accumulation in H. benghalensis seeds and identified a pool of novel genes regulating ricinoleic acid accumulation. The results set a foundation for developing H. benghalensis into a novel ricinoleic acid feedstock at the transcriptomic level and provided valuable candidate genes for improving ricinoleic acid production in other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223 China
| | - Tianquan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223 China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5 Canada
| | - Ruling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223 China
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5 Canada
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Wang J, Lin W, Yin Z, Wang L, Dong S, An J, Lin Z, Yu H, Shi L, Lin S, Chen S. Comprehensive evaluation of fuel properties and complex regulation of intracellular transporters for high oil production in developing seeds of Prunus sibirica for woody biodiesel. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:6. [PMID: 30622648 PMCID: PMC6318995 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1347-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on our previous studies of 17 Prunus sibirica germplasms, one plus tree with high quality and quantity of seed oils has emerged as novel potential source of biodiesel. To better develop P. sibirica seed oils as woody biodiesel, a concurrent exploration of oil content, FA composition, biodiesel yield and fuel properties as well as prediction model construction for fuel properties was conducted on developing seeds to determine the optimal seed harvest time for producing high-quality biodiesel. Oil synthesis required supply of carbon source, energy and FA, but their transport mechanisms still remains enigmatic. Our recent 454 sequencing of P. sibirica could provide long-read sequences to identify membrane transporters for a better understanding of regulatory mechanism for high oil production in developing seeds. RESULTS To better develop the seed oils of P. sibirica as woody biodiesel, we firstly focused on a temporal and comparative evaluation of growth tendency, oil content, FA composition, biodiesel yield and fuel properties as well as model construction for biodiesel property prediction in different developing seeds from P. sibirica plus tree (accession AS-80), revealing that the oils from developing seeds harvested after 60 days after flowering (DAF) could be as novel potential feedstock for producing biodiesel with ideal fuel property. To gain new insight into membrane transport mechanism for high oil yield in developing seeds of P. sibirica, we presented a global analysis of transporter based on our recent 454 sequencing data of P. sibirica. We annotated a total of 116 genes for membrane-localized transporters at different organelles (plastid, endoplasmatic reticulum, tonoplast, mitochondria and peroxisome), of which some specific transporters were identified to be involved in carbon allocation, metabolite transport and energy supply for oil synthesis by both RT-PCR and qRT-PCR. Importantly, the transporter-mediated model was well established for high oil synthesis in developing P. sibirica seeds. Our findings could help to reveal molecular mechanism of increased oil production and may also present strategies for engineering oil accumulation in oilseed plants. CONCLUSIONS This study presents a temporal and comparative evaluation of developing P. sibirica seed oils as a potential feedstock for producing high-quality biodiesel and a global identification for membrane transporters was to gain better insights into regulatory mechanism of high oil production in developing seeds of P. sibirica. Our findings may present strategies for developing woody biodiesel resources and engineering oil accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Soil and Water Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Weijun Lin
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Zhongdong Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Soil and Water Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Libing Wang
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 China
| | - ShuBin Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Soil and Water Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Jiyong An
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Soil and Water Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Zixin Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Soil and Water Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 China
| | - Lingling Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Soil and Water Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Shanzhi Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Soil and Water Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Shaoliang Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Soil and Water Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
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Zhang Q, Yu R, Sun D, Rahman MM, Xie L, Hu J, He L, Kilaru A, Niu L, Zhang Y. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals an Efficient Mechanism of α-Linolenic Acid in Tree Peony Seeds. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010065. [PMID: 30586917 PMCID: PMC6337502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tree peony (Paeonia section Moutan DC.) species are woody oil crops with high unsaturated fatty acid content, including α-linolenic acid (ALA/18:3; >40% of the total fatty acid). Comparative transcriptome analyses were carried out to uncover the underlying mechanisms responsible for high and low ALA content in the developing seeds of P. rockii and P. lutea, respectively. Expression analysis of acyl lipid metabolism genes revealed upregulation of select genes involved in plastidial fatty acid synthesis, acyl editing, desaturation, and triacylglycerol assembly in seeds of P. rockii relative to P. lutea. Also, in association with ALA content in seeds, transcript levels for fatty acid desaturases (SAD, FAD2, and FAD3), which encode enzymes necessary for polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis, were higher in P. rockii compared to P. lutea. Furthermore, the overexpression of PrFAD2 and PrFAD3 in Arabidopsis increased linoleic and ALA content, respectively, and modulated the final ratio 18:2/18:3 in the seed oil. In conclusion, we identified the key steps and validated the necessary desaturases that contribute to efficient ALA synthesis in a woody oil crop. Together, these results will aid to increase essential fatty acid content in seeds of tree peonies and other crops of agronomic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Rui Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Daoyang Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
| | - Lihang Xie
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Jiayuan Hu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Lixia He
- Gansu Forestry Science and Technology Extend Station, Lanzhou 730046, China.
| | - Aruna Kilaru
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
| | - Lixin Niu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Zhang Z, Dunwell JM, Zhang YM. An integrated omics analysis reveals molecular mechanisms that are associated with differences in seed oil content between Glycine max and Brassica napus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:328. [PMID: 30514240 PMCID: PMC6280547 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1542-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds are rich in both protein and oil, which are major sources of biofuels and nutrition. Although the difference in seed oil content between soybean (~ 20%) and rapeseed (~ 40%) exists, little is known about its underlying molecular mechanism. RESULTS An integrated omics analysis was performed in soybean, rapeseed, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana L. Heynh), and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), based on Arabidopsis acyl-lipid metabolism- and carbon metabolism-related genes. As a result, candidate genes and their transcription factors and microRNAs, along with phylogenetic analysis and co-expression network analysis of the PEPC gene family, were found to be largely associated with the difference between the two species. First, three soybean genes (Glyma.13G148600, Glyma.13G207900 and Glyma.12G122900) co-expressed with GmPEPC1 are specifically enriched during seed storage protein accumulation stages, while the expression of BnPEPC1 is putatively inhibited by bna-miR169, and two genes BnSTKA and BnCKII are co-expressed with BnPEPC1 and are specifically associated with plant circadian rhythm, which are related to seed oil biosynthesis. Then, in de novo fatty acid synthesis there are rapeseed-specific genes encoding subunits β-CT (BnaC05g37990D) and BCCP1 (BnaA03g06000D) of heterogeneous ACCase, which could interfere with synthesis rate, and β-CT is positively regulated by four transcription factors (BnaA01g37250D, BnaA02g26190D, BnaC01g01040D and BnaC07g21470D). In triglyceride synthesis, GmLPAAT2 is putatively inhibited by three miRNAs (gma-miR171, gma-miR1516 and gma-miR5775). Finally, in rapeseed there was evidence for the expansion of gene families, CALO, OBO and STERO, related to lipid storage, and the contraction of gene families, LOX, LAH and HSI2, related to oil degradation. CONCLUSIONS The molecular mechanisms associated with differences in seed oil content provide the basis for future breeding efforts to improve seed oil content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Zhang
- Crop Information Center, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Jim M. Dunwell
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AS UK
| | - Yuan-Ming Zhang
- Crop Information Center, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
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Busta L, Yim WC, LaBrant EW, Wang P, Grimes L, Malyszka K, Cushman JC, Santos P, Kosma DK, Cahoon EB. Identification of Genes Encoding Enzymes Catalyzing the Early Steps of Carrot Polyacetylene Biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:1507-1521. [PMID: 30333150 PMCID: PMC6288749 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Polyacetylenic lipids accumulate in various Apiaceae species after pathogen attack, suggesting that these compounds are naturally occurring pesticides and potentially valuable resources for crop improvement. These compounds also promote human health and slow tumor growth. Even though polyacetylenic lipids were discovered decades ago, the biosynthetic pathway underlying their production is largely unknown. To begin filling this gap and ultimately enable polyacetylene engineering, we studied polyacetylenes and their biosynthesis in the major Apiaceae crop carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus). Using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, we identified three known polyacetylenes and assigned provisional structures to two novel polyacetylenes. We also quantified these compounds in carrot leaf, petiole, root xylem, root phloem, and root periderm extracts. Falcarindiol and falcarinol predominated and accumulated primarily in the root periderm. Since the multiple double and triple carbon-carbon bonds that distinguish polyacetylenes from ubiquitous fatty acids are often introduced by Δ12 oleic acid desaturase (FAD2)-type enzymes, we mined the carrot genome for FAD2 genes. We identified a FAD2 family with an unprecedented 24 members and analyzed public, tissue-specific carrot RNA-Seq data to identify coexpressed members with root periderm-enhanced expression. Six candidate genes were heterologously expressed individually and in combination in yeast and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), resulting in the identification of one canonical FAD2 that converts oleic to linoleic acid, three divergent FAD2-like acetylenases that convert linoleic into crepenynic acid, and two bifunctional FAD2s with Δ12 and Δ14 desaturase activity that convert crepenynic into the further desaturated dehydrocrepenynic acid, a polyacetylene pathway intermediate. These genes can now be used as a basis for discovering other steps of falcarin-type polyacetylene biosynthesis, to modulate polyacetylene levels in plants, and to test the in planta function of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Busta
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588
| | - Won Cheol Yim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557
| | - Evan William LaBrant
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588
| | - Peng Wang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
| | - Lindsey Grimes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557
| | - Kiah Malyszka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557
| | - John C Cushman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557
| | - Patricia Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557
| | - Dylan K Kosma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557
| | - Edgar B Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588
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Gan Y, Song Y, Chen Y, Liu H, Yang D, Xu Q, Zheng Z. Transcriptome analysis reveals a composite molecular map linked to unique seed oil profile of Neocinnamomum caudatum (Nees) Merr. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:303. [PMID: 30477425 PMCID: PMC6258453 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1525-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neocinnamomum caudatum (Nees) Merr., a biodiesel tree species in the subtropical areas of South China, India and Burma, is distinctive from other species in Lauraceae family and its seed oil is rich in linoleic acid (18:2) and stearic acid (18:0). However, there is little genetic information about this species so far. In this study, a transcriptomic analysis on developing seeds of N. caudatum was conducted in an attempt to discern the molecular mechanisms involving the control of the fatty acid (FA) and triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis. RESULTS Transcriptome analysis revealed 239,703 unigenes with an average length of 436 bp and 137 putative biomarkers that are related to FA formation and TAG biosynthesis. The expression patterns of genes encoding β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase I (KASI), β- ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase II (KASII), stearoyl-ACP desaturase (SAD), fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2), fatty acid desaturase 8 (FAD8) and acyl-ACP thioesterase A/B (FATA/B) were further validated by qRT-PCR. These genes displayed a very similar expression pattern in two distinct assays. Moreover, sequence analysis of different FATBs from diverse plant species revealed that NcFATB is structurally different from its counterpart in other species in producing medium-chain saturated FAs. Concertedly, heterologous expression of NcFATB in E. coli BL21 (DE3) strain showed that this corresponding expressed protein, NcFATB, prefers long-chain saturated fatty acyl-ACP over medium-chain fatty acyl-ACP as substrate. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptome analysis of developing N. caudatum seeds revealed a composite molecular map linked to the FA formation and oil biosynthesis in this biodiesel tree species. The substrate preference of NcFATB for long-chain saturated FAs is likely to contribute to its unique seed oil profile rich in stearic acid. Our findings demonstrate that in the tree species of Lauraceae family, the FATB enzymes producing long-chain FAs are structurally distinct from those producing medium-chain FAs, thereby suggesting that the FATB genes may serve as a biomarker for the classification of tree species of Lauraceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Zhejiang, 311300 Hangzhou China
| | - Yu Song
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303 Yunnan China
| | - Yadong Chen
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Zhejiang, 311300 Hangzhou China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Zhejiang, 311300 Hangzhou China
| | - Dongdong Yang
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Zhejiang, 311300 Hangzhou China
| | - Qianyu Xu
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Zhejiang, 311300 Hangzhou China
| | - Zhifu Zheng
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Zhejiang, 311300 Hangzhou China
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Zhang L, Wu P, Lu W, Lü S. Molecular mechanism of the extended oil accumulation phase contributing to the high seed oil content for the genotype of tung tree (Vernicia fordii). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:248. [PMID: 30340540 PMCID: PMC6195728 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1458-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oil from seeds of the tung tree (Vernicia fordii) has unique drying properties that are industrially important. We found that the extended oil accumulation period was related to the high seed oil content at maturity among tung tree population. In order to understand the molecular mechanism underlying the high oil content in tung tree seed, Tree H and L were adopted for the further investigation, with seed oil content of about 70 and 45%, respectively. We compared the transcriptomic changes of seed at various times during oil accumulation between the two trees. RESULTS Transcriptomes analysis revealed that many genes involved in glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis, and tri-acyl glyceride assembly still kept high expression in the late period of seed oil accumulation for Tree H only. Many genes in fatty acid degradation pathway were largely up regulated in the late period of seed oil accumulation for Tree L only. Four transcription factors related to fatty acid biosynthesis had different expression pattern in the seed oil accumulation period for the two trees. WRI1 was down regulated and kept the low expression in the late period of seed oil accumulation for the two trees. PII, LEC1 and LEC1-LIKE extended the high expression in the late period of seed oil accumulation in Tree H only. CONCLUSIONS The continued accumulation of oil in the late period of seed oil accumulation for Tree H was associated with relatively high expression of the relevant genes in glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis and tri-acyl glyceride assembly. PII, LEC1, and LEC1-LIKE rather than WRI1 should play an important role in the oil continual accumulation in the late period of seed oil accumulation in Tree H. This study provides novel insight into the variation in seed oil content and informs plant breeding strategies to maximize oil yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, and Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei China
| | - Pan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, and Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Wenying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, and Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Shiyou Lü
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, and Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
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76
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Wang L, Ruan C, Liu L, Du W, Bao A. Comparative RNA-Seq Analysis of High- and Low-Oil Yellow Horn During Embryonic Development. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103071. [PMID: 30297676 PMCID: PMC6212864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge) is an endemic oil-rich shrub that has been widely cultivated in northern China for bioactive oil production. However, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms that contribute to oil content in yellow horn. Herein, we measured the oil contents of high- and low-oil yellow horn embryo tissues at four developmental stages and investigated the global gene expression profiles through RNA-seq. The results found that at 40, 54, 68, and 81 days after anthesis, a total of 762, 664, 599, and 124 genes, respectively, were significantly differentially expressed between the high- and low-oil lines. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed some critical GO terms related to oil accumulation, including acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] desaturase activity, pyruvate kinase activity, acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity, and seed oil body biogenesis. The identified differentially expressed genes also included several transcription factors, such as, AP2-EREBP family members, B3 domain proteins and C2C2-Dof proteins. Several genes involved in fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and pyruvate metabolism were also up-regulated in the high-oil line at different developmental stages. Our findings indicate that the higher oil accumulation in high-oil yellow horn could be mostly driven by increased FA biosynthesis and carbon supply, i.e. a source effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Chengjiang Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Lingyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Aomin Bao
- Institute of economic forest, Tongliao Academy of Forestry Science and Technology, Tongliao 028000, China.
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Xu Y, Caldo KMP, Pal-Nath D, Ozga J, Lemieux MJ, Weselake RJ, Chen G. Properties and Biotechnological Applications of Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol Acyltransferase and Phospholipid:diacylglycerol Acyltransferase from Terrestrial Plants and Microalgae. Lipids 2018; 53:663-688. [PMID: 30252128 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG) is the major storage lipid in most terrestrial plants and microalgae, and has great nutritional and industrial value. Since the demand for vegetable oil is consistently increasing, numerous studies have been focused on improving the TAG content and modifying the fatty-acid compositions of plant seed oils. In addition, there is a strong research interest in establishing plant vegetative tissues and microalgae as platforms for lipid production. In higher plants and microalgae, TAG biosynthesis occurs via acyl-CoA-dependent or acyl-CoA-independent pathways. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyzes the last and committed step in the acyl-CoA-dependent biosynthesis of TAG, which appears to represent a bottleneck in oil accumulation in some oilseed species. Membrane-bound and soluble forms of DGAT have been identified with very different amino-acid sequences and biochemical properties. Alternatively, TAG can be formed through acyl-CoA-independent pathways via the catalytic action of membrane-bound phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT). As the enzymes catalyzing the terminal steps of TAG formation, DGAT and PDAT play crucial roles in determining the flux of carbon into seed TAG and thus have been considered as the key targets for engineering oil production. Here, we summarize the most recent knowledge on DGAT and PDAT in higher plants and microalgae, with the emphasis on their physiological roles, structural features, and regulation. The development of various metabolic engineering strategies to enhance the TAG content and alter the fatty-acid composition of TAG is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Kristian Mark P Caldo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Dipasmita Pal-Nath
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Jocelyn Ozga
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - M Joanne Lemieux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
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Abstract
Studying seed oil metabolism. The seeds of higher plants represent valuable factories capable of converting photosynthetically derived sugars into a variety of storage compounds, including oils. Oils are the most energy-dense plant reserves and fatty acids composing these oils represent an excellent nutritional source. They supply humans with much of the calories and essential fatty acids required in their diet. These oils are then increasingly being utilized as renewable alternatives to petroleum for the chemical industry and for biofuels. Plant oils therefore represent a highly valuable agricultural commodity, the demand for which is increasing rapidly. Knowledge regarding seed oil production is extensively exploited in the frame of breeding programs and approaches of metabolic engineering for oilseed crop improvement. Complementary aspects of this research include (1) the study of carbon metabolism responsible for the conversion of photosynthetically derived sugars into precursors for fatty acid biosynthesis, (2) the identification and characterization of the enzymatic actors allowing the production of the wide set of fatty acid structures found in seed oils, and (3) the investigation of the complex biosynthetic pathways leading to the production of storage lipids (waxes, triacylglycerols). In this review, we outline the most recent developments in our understanding of the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms of seed oil production, focusing on fatty acids and oils that can have a significant impact on the emerging bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Baud
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France.
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Zhao Y, Wang Y, Huang Y, Cui Y, Hua J. Gene network of oil accumulation reveals expression profiles in developing embryos and fatty acid composition in Upland cotton. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 228:101-112. [PMID: 29886195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cottonseed oil accumulated dramatically from 20 days post-anthesis (DPA) to 30 DPA in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). To reveal the gene network of oil accumulation and fatty acid composition in developing embryos, embryos at 10, 20 and 30 DPA in cottonseed were sampled and used for transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq). In total, 8629, 7891, and 12,555 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the comparison sets of '20 DPA vs 10 DPA', '30 DPA vs 20 DPA', and '30 DPA vs 10 DPA', respectively. The gene network highlighted the dynamic expression profiles of oil accumulation in fatty acid (FA) synthesis, FA desaturation, and triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis. WRI1 and NF-YB6 were suggested elite transcription factors in regulating lipid metabolism. Compared with the gene expression levels in developing seeds, GhPDAT was highly expressed and might play a more important role than GhDGAT in transforming diacylglycerol to TAG in cotton. Expression patterns of 12 FA-biosynthesis-related genes were validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) method. To reveal the reason for the high content of linoleic acid (C18:2) in cottonseed oil, we carried out a comparative analysis of gene expression levels in Upland cotton, rapeseed (Brassica napus), and oleaster (Olea europaea). Compared with in rapeseed and oleaster, GhFAD2 genes were up-regulated and GhFAD3 genes down-regulated in cottonseed, taking into account the relative high amount of C18:2 but low content of linolenic acid (C18:3) in Upland cotton. The present study offers new information to interpret the mechanism of the FA biosynthesis network and to alter FA composition in cotton breeding projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Zhao
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/ Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yumei Wang
- Research Institute of Cash Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, Hubei, China.
| | - Yi Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China.
| | - Yupeng Cui
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/ Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Jinping Hua
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/ Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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80
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Yang Z, Liu D, Ji H. Sucrose metabolism in developing oil-rich tubers of Cyperus esculentus: comparative transcriptome analysis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:151. [PMID: 30041609 PMCID: PMC6056992 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyperus esculentus is unique in that it can accumulate significant amounts of oil, starch and sugar as major storage reserves in tubers with high tuber yield and therefore considered as a novel model to study carbon allocation into different storage reserves in underground sink tissues such as tubers and roots. Sucrose (Suc) plays a central role in control of carbon flux toward biosynthesis of different storage reserves; however, it remains unclear for the molecular mechanism underlying Suc metabolism in underground oil-rich storage tissues. In the present study, a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of C. esculentus oil tuber compared to other plant oil- or carbohydrate-rich storage tissues was made for the expression patterns of genes related to the Suc metabolism. RESULTS The results revealed some species-specific features of gene transcripts in oil tuber of C. esculentus, indicating that: (i) the expressions of genes responsible for Suc metabolism are developmentally regulated and displayed a pattern dissimilar to other plant storage tissues; (ii) both of Suc breakdown and biosynthesis processes might be the major pathways associated with Suc metabolism; (iii) it was probably that Suc degradation could be primarily through the action of Suc synthase (SUS) other than invertase (INV) during tuber development. The orthologs of SUS1, SUS3 and SUS4 are the main SUS isoforms catalyzing Suc breakdown while the vacuolar INV (VIN) is the leading determinant controlling sugar composition; (iv) cytosolic hexose phosphorylation possibly relies more on fructose as substrate and uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP) plays an important role in this pathway; (v) it is Suc-phosphate synthase (SPS) B- and C-family members rather than SPS A that are the principal contributors to SPS enzymes and play crucial roles in Suc biosynthesis pathway. CONCLUSIONS We have successfully identified the Suc metabolic pathways in C. esculentus tubers, highlighting several conserved and distinct expressions that might contribute to sugar accumulation in this unique underground storage tissue. The specific and differential expression genes revealed in this study might indicate the special molecular mechanism and transcriptional regulation of Suc metabolism occurred in oil tubers of C. esculentus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenle Yang
- Key Lab of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Dantong Liu
- Key Lab of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Hongying Ji
- Key Lab of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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81
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Huang J, Hao X, Jin Y, Guo X, Shao Q, Kumar KS, Ahlawat YK, Harry DE, Joshi CP, Zheng Y. Temporal transcriptome profiling of developing seeds reveals a concerted gene regulation in relation to oil accumulation in Pongamia (Millettia pinnata). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:140. [PMID: 29986660 PMCID: PMC6038193 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pongamia (Millettia pinnata syn. Pongamia pinnata), an oilseed legume species, is emerging as potential feedstock for sustainable biodiesel production. Breeding Pongamia for favorable traits in commercial application will rely on a comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanism regulating oil accumulation during its seed development. To date, only limited genomic or transcript sequences are available for Pongamia, while a temporal transcriptome profiling of developing seeds is still lacking in this species. RESULTS In this work, we conducted a time-series analysis of morphological and physiological characters, oil contents and compositions, as well as global gene expression profiles in developing Pongamia seeds. Firstly, three major developmental phases were characterized based on the combined evidences from embryonic shape, seed weight, seed moisture content, and seed color. Then, the gene expression levels at these three phases were quantified by RNA-Seq analyses with three biological replicates from each phase. Nearly 94% of unigenes were expressed at all three phases, whereas only less than 2% of unigenes were exclusively expressed at one of these phases. A total of 8881 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between phases. Furthermore, the qRT-PCR analyses for 10 DEGs involved in lipid metabolism demonstrated a good reliability of our RNA-Seq data in temporal gene expression profiling. We observed a dramatic increase in seed oil content from the embryogenesis phase to the early seed-filling phase, followed by a steady and moderate increase towards the maximum at the desiccation phase. We proposed that a highly active expression of most genes related to fatty acid (FA) and triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis at the embryogenesis phase might trigger both the substantial oil accumulation and the membrane lipid synthesis for rapid cell proliferation at this phase, while a concerted reactivation of TAG synthesis-related genes at the desiccation phase might further promote storage lipid synthesis to achieve the maximum content of seed oils. CONCLUSIONS This study not only built a bridge between gene expression profiles and oil accumulation in developing seeds, but also laid a foundation for future attempts on genetic engineering of Pongamia varieties to acquire higher oil yield or improved oil properties for biofuel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzi Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Xuehong Hao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Ye Jin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Xiaohuan Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Qing Shao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Kavitha S. Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931 USA
| | - Yogesh K. Ahlawat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931 USA
| | | | - Chandrashekhar P. Joshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931 USA
| | - Yizhi Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
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82
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Troncoso-Ponce MA, Rivoal J, Dorion S, Sánchez R, Venegas-Calerón M, Moreno-Pérez AJ, Baud S, Garcés R, Martínez-Force E. Molecular and biochemical characterization of the sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cytosolic and plastidial enolases in relation to seed development. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 272:117-130. [PMID: 29807582 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we describe the molecular and biochemical characterization of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) enolase (ENO, EC 4.2.1.11) proteins, which catalyze the formation of phosphoenolpyruvate, the penultimate intermediate in the glycolytic pathway. We cloned and characterized three cDNAs encoding different ENO isoforms from developing sunflower seeds. Studies using fluorescently tagged ENOs confirmed the predicted subcellular localization of ENO isoforms: HaENO1 in the plastid while HaENO2 and HaENO3 were found in the cytosol. The cDNAs were used to express the corresponding 6(His)-tagged proteins in Escherichia coli. The proteins were purified to electrophoretic homogeneity, using immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography, and biochemically characterized. Recombinant HaENO1 and HaENO2, but not HaENO3 were shown to have enolase activity, in agreement with data obtained with the Arabidopsis homolog proteins. Site directed mutagenesis of several critical amino acids was used to attempt to recover enolase activity in recombinant HaENO3, resulting in very small increases that were not additive. A kinetic characterization of the two active isoforms showed that pH had similar effect on their velocity, that they had similar affinity for 2-phosphoglycerate, but that the kcat/Km of the plastidial enzyme was higher than that of the cytosolic isoform. Even though HaENO2 was always the most highly expressed transcript, the levels of expression of the three ENO genes were remarkably distinct in all the vegetative and reproductive tissues studied. This indicates that in seeds the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate takes place through the cytosolic and the plastidial pathways therefore both routes could contribute to the supply of carbon for lipid synthesis. The identity of the main source of carbon during the period of stored products synthesis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Troncoso-Ponce
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Edificio 46, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain; Sorbonne University, Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Institute for Enzyme and Cell Engineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu, CS 60 319, 60 203 Compiègne cedex, France.
| | - J Rivoal
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - S Dorion
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - R Sánchez
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Edificio 46, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M Venegas-Calerón
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Edificio 46, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - A J Moreno-Pérez
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Edificio 46, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - S Baud
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - R Garcés
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Edificio 46, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - E Martínez-Force
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Edificio 46, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
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Guo Y, Huang Y, Gao J, Pu Y, Wang N, Shen W, Wen J, Yi B, Ma C, Tu J, Fu T, Zou J, Shen J. CIPK9 is involved in seed oil regulation in Brassica napus L. and Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:124. [PMID: 29743952 PMCID: PMC5930439 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1122-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulation of storage compounds during seed development plays an important role in the life cycle of oilseed plants; these compounds provide carbon and energy resources to support the establishment of seedlings. RESULTS In this study, we show that BnCIPK9 has a broad expression pattern in Brassica napus L. tissues and that wounding stress strongly induces its expression. The overexpression of BnCIPK9 during seed development reduced oil synthesis in transgenic B. napus compared to that observed in wild-type (WT) plants. Functional analysis revealed that seed oil content (OC) of complementation lines was similar to that of WT plants, whereas OC in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Atcipk9 knockout mutants (cipk9) was higher than that of WT plants. Seedling of cipk9 mutants failed to establish roots on a sugar-free medium, but root establishment could be rescued by supplementation of sucrose or glucose. The phenotype of complementation transgenic lines was similar to that of WT plants when grown on sugar-free medium. Mutants, cipk9, cbl2, and cbl3 presented similar phenotypes, suggesting that CIPK9, CBL2, and CBL3 might work together and play similar roles in root establishment under sugar-free condition. CONCLUSION This study showed that BnCIPK9 and AtCIPK9 encode a protein kinase that is involved in sugar-related response and plays important roles in the regulation of energy reserves. Our results suggest that AtCIPK9 negatively regulates lipid accumulation and has a significant effect on early seedling establishment in A. thaliana. The functional characterization of CIPK9 provides insights into the regulation of OC, and might be used for improving OC in B. napus. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because it provides information on how CIPKs coordinate stress regulation and energy signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Crop Research Institute of TIANJIN Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, 300384 China
| | - Yi Huang
- National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N0 W9 Canada
| | - Jie Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Yuanyuan Pu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Nan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Wenyun Shen
- National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N0 W9 Canada
| | - Jing Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Jitao Zou
- National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N0 W9 Canada
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
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Abdipour M, Ramazani SHR, Younessi‐Hmazekhanlu M, Niazian M. Modeling Oil Content of Sesame (Sesamum indicumL.) Using Artificial Neural Network and Multiple Linear Regression Approaches. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moslem Abdipour
- Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education CenterAgricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO). C.P. 75891‐72050. Blvd. Keshavarzi Yasouj Iran
| | - Seyyed Hamid Reza Ramazani
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding SciencesUniversity of Birjand. C.P. 97191‐13944. Kilometers 5 Roads of Sarayan‐Ayask Birjand Iran
| | - Mehdi Younessi‐Hmazekhanlu
- Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesUniversity of Tabriz. C.P. 54517‐85354. Blvd. Sattar Khan Ahar Iran
| | - Mohsen Niazian
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding ScienceCollege of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, C.P. 33916‐53755. Imam Reza Blvd. Tehran‐Pakdasht Iran
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de Abreu E Lima F, Li K, Wen W, Yan J, Nikoloski Z, Willmitzer L, Brotman Y. Unraveling lipid metabolism in maize with time-resolved multi-omics data. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:1102-1115. [PMID: 29385634 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Maize is the cereal crop with the highest production worldwide, and its oil is a key energy resource. Improving the quantity and quality of maize oil requires a better understanding of lipid metabolism. To predict the function of maize genes involved in lipid biosynthesis, we assembled transcriptomic and lipidomic data sets from leaves of B73 and the high-oil line By804 in two distinct time-series experiments. The integrative analysis based on high-dimensional regularized regression yielded lipid-transcript associations indirectly validated by Gene Ontology and promoter motif enrichment analyses. The co-localization of lipid-transcript associations using the genetic mapping of lipid traits in leaves and seedlings of a B73 × By804 recombinant inbred line population uncovered 323 genes involved in the metabolism of phospholipids, galactolipids, sulfolipids and glycerolipids. The resulting association network further supported the involvement of 50 gene candidates in modulating levels of representatives from multiple acyl-lipid classes. Therefore, the proposed approach provides high-confidence candidates for experimental testing in maize and model plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Lu 1, 430070, Hongshan, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiwei Wen
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jianbing Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Lu 1, 430070, Hongshan, Wuhan, China
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lothar Willmitzer
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel
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Niu J, Bi Q, Deng S, Chen H, Yu H, Wang L, Lin S. Identification of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR gene family from Prunus sibirica and its expression analysis during mesocarp and kernel development. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:21. [PMID: 29368590 PMCID: PMC5784662 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auxin response factors (ARFs) in auxin signaling pathway are an important component that can regulate the transcription of auxin-responsive genes involved in almost all aspects of plant growth and development. To our knowledge, the comprehensive and systematic characterization of ARF genes has never been reported in Prunus sibirica, a novel woody biodiesel feedstock in China. RESULTS In this study, we identified 14 PsARF genes with a perfect open reading frame (ORF) in P. sibirica by using its previous transcriptomic data. Conserved motif analysis showed that all identified PsARF proteins had typical DNA-binding and ARF domain, but 5 members (PsARF3, 8 10, 16 and 17) lacked the dimerization domain. Phylogenetic analysis of the ARF proteins generated from various plant species indicated that ARFs could be categorized into 4 major groups (Class I, II, III and IV), in which all identified ARFs from P. sibirica showed a closest relationship with those from P. mume. Comparison of the expression profiles of 14 PsARF genes in different developmental stages of Siberian apricot mesocarp (SAM) and kernel (SAK) reflected distinct temporal or spatial expression patterns for PsARF genes. Additionally, based on the expressed data from fruit and seed development of multiple plant species, we identified 1514 ARF-correlated genes using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). And the major portion of ARF-correlated gene was characterized to be involved in protein, nucleic acid and carbohydrate metabolic, transport and regulatory processes. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we systematically and comprehensively analyzed the structure, expression pattern and co-expression network of ARF gene family in P. sibirica. All our findings provide theoretical foundation for the PsARF gene family and will pave the way for elucidating the precise role of PsARF genes in SAM and SAK development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Niu
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228 China
| | - Quanxin Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 China
| | - Shuya Deng
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228 China
| | - Huiping Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228 China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 China
| | - Libing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 China
| | - Shanzhi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083 China
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Zou Z, Huang Q, Xie G, Yang L. Genome-wide comparative analysis of papain-like cysteine protease family genes in castor bean and physic nut. Sci Rep 2018; 8:331. [PMID: 29321580 PMCID: PMC5762910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18760-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCPs) are a class of proteolytic enzymes involved in many plant processes. Compared with the extensive research in Arabidopsis thaliana, little is known in castor bean (Ricinus communis) and physic nut (Jatropha curcas), two Euphorbiaceous plants without any recent whole-genome duplication. In this study, a total of 26 or 23 PLCP genes were identified from the genomes of castor bean and physic nut respectively, which can be divided into nine subfamilies based on the phylogenetic analysis: RD21, CEP, XCP, XBCP3, THI, SAG12, RD19, ALP and CTB. Although most of them harbor orthologs in Arabidopsis, several members in subfamilies RD21, CEP, XBCP3 and SAG12 form new groups or subgroups as observed in other species, suggesting specific gene loss occurred in Arabidopsis. Recent gene duplicates were also identified in these two species, but they are limited to the SAG12 subfamily and were all derived from local duplication. Expression profiling revealed diverse patterns of different family members over various tissues. Furthermore, the evolution characteristics of PLCP genes were also compared and discussed. Our findings provide a useful reference to characterize PLCP genes and investigate the family evolution in Euphorbiaceae and species beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Baodaoxincun, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan Province, China.
| | - Qixing Huang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Xueyuan Road 4, Haikou, 570100, Hainan Province, China
| | - Guishui Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Baodaoxincun, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan Province, China
| | - Lifu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Baodaoxincun, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan Province, China
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88
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Tang G, Xu P, Ma W, Wang F, Liu Z, Wan S, Shan L. Seed-Specific Expression of AtLEC1 Increased Oil Content and Altered Fatty Acid Composition in Seeds of Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:260. [PMID: 29559985 PMCID: PMC5845668 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the major oil crops and is the fifth largest source of plant oils in the world. Numerous genes participate in regulating the biosynthesis and accumulation of the storage lipids in seeds or other reservoir organs, among which several transcription factors, such as LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (AtLEC1), LEC2, and WRINKLED1 (WRI1), involved in embryo development also control the lipid reservoir in seeds. In this study, the AtLEC1 gene was transferred into the peanut genome and expressed in a seed-specific manner driven by the NapinA full-length promoter or its truncated 230-bp promoter. Four homozygous transgenic lines, two lines with the longer promoter and the other two with the truncated one, were selected for further analysis. The AtLEC1 mRNA level and the corresponding protein accumulation in different transgenic overexpression lines were altered, and the transgenic plants grew and developed normally without any detrimental effects on major agronomic traits. In the developing seeds of transgenic peanuts, the mRNA levels of a series of genes were upregulated. These genes are associated with fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis and lipid accumulation. The former set of genes included the homomeric ACCase A (AhACC II), the BC subunit of heteromeric ACCase (AhBC4), ketoacyl-ACP synthetase (AhKAS II), and stearoyl-ACP desaturase (AhSAD), while the latter ones were the diacylglycerol acyltransferases and oleosins (AhDGAT1, AhDGAT2, AhOle1, AhOle2, and AhOle3). The oil content and seed weight increased by 4.42-15.89% and 11.1-22.2%, respectively, and the levels of major FA components including stearic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid changed significantly in all different lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Tang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Pingli Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wenhua Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhanji Liu
- Shandong Cotton Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shubo Wan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Shan, Shubo Wan,
| | - Lei Shan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Shan, Shubo Wan,
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89
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Boher P, Soler M, Sánchez A, Hoede C, Noirot C, Paiva JAP, Serra O, Figueras M. A comparative transcriptomic approach to understanding the formation of cork. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:103-118. [PMID: 29143299 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptome comparison of two oak species reveals possible candidates accounting for the exceptionally thick and pure cork oak phellem, such as those involved in secondary metabolism and phellogen activity. Cork oak, Quercus suber, differs from other Mediterranean oaks such as holm oak (Quercus ilex) by the thickness and organization of the external bark. While holm oak outer bark contains sequential periderms interspersed with dead secondary phloem (rhytidome), the cork oak outer bark only contains thick layers of phellem (cork rings) that accumulate until reaching a thickness that allows industrial uses. Here we compare the cork oak outer bark transcriptome with that of holm oak. Both transcriptomes present similitudes in their complexity, but whereas cork oak external bark is enriched with upregulated genes related to suberin, which is the main polymer responsible for the protective function of periderm, the upregulated categories of holm oak are enriched in abiotic stress and chromatin assembly. Concomitantly with the upregulation of suberin-related genes, there is also induction of regulatory and meristematic genes, whose predicted activities agree with the increased number of phellem layers found in the cork oak sample. Further transcript profiling among different cork oak tissues and conditions suggests that cork and wood share many regulatory mechanisms, probably reflecting similar ontogeny. Moreover, the analysis of transcripts accumulation during the cork growth season showed that most regulatory genes are upregulated early in the season when the cork cambium becomes active. Altogether our work provides the first transcriptome comparison between cork oak and holm oak outer bark, which unveils new regulatory candidate genes of phellem development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Boher
- Laboratori del Suro, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Campmany 40, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Marçal Soler
- Laboratori del Suro, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Campmany 40, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Sánchez
- Laboratori del Suro, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Campmany 40, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Claire Hoede
- PF Bioinfo GenoToul, MIAT, Université de Toulouse, INRA, 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Céline Noirot
- PF Bioinfo GenoToul, MIAT, Université de Toulouse, INRA, 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Jorge Almiro Pinto Paiva
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Avenida da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Olga Serra
- Laboratori del Suro, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Campmany 40, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Mercè Figueras
- Laboratori del Suro, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Campmany 40, 17003, Girona, Spain.
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90
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Zhang QY, Yu R, Xie LH, Rahman MM, Kilaru A, Niu LX, Zhang YL. Fatty Acid and Associated Gene Expression Analyses of Three Tree Peony Species Reveal Key Genes for α-Linolenic Acid Synthesis in Seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:106. [PMID: 29459881 PMCID: PMC5807371 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for healthy edible oil has generated the need to identify promising oil crops. Tree peony (Paeonia section Moutan DC.) is a woody oil crop with α-linolenic acid (ALA) contributing for 45% of the total fatty acid (FA) content in seeds. Molecular and genetic differences that contribute to varied FA content and composition among the wild peony species are, however, poorly understood. Analyses of FA content and composition during seed development in three tree peony species (Paeonia rockii, P. potaninii, and P. lutea) showed varied FA content among them with highest in P. rockii, followed by P. potaninii, and P. lutea. Total FA content among these species increased with seed development and reached its maximum in its final stage. Seed FA composition analysis of the three species also revealed that ALA (C18:3) was the most abundant, followed by oleic (C18:1) and linoleic (C18:2) acids. Additionally, quantitative real-time RT-PCR analyses of 10 key seed oil synthesis genes in the three tree peony species revealed that FAD3, FAD2, β-PDHC, LPAAT, and Oleosin gene expression levels positively correlate with total FA content and rate of accumulation. Specifically, the abundance of FAD3 transcripts in P. rockii compared with P. potaninii, and P. lutea suggests that FAD3 might play an important role in synthesis of ALA via phosphatidylcholine-derived pathway. Overall, comparative analyses of FA content and composition in three different peony species revealed a correlation between efficient lipid accumulation and lipid gene expression during seed development. Further characterization and metabolic engineering of these key genes from peonies will allow for subsequent improvement of tree peony oil quality and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yu Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Rui Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Li-Hang Xie
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Aruna Kilaru
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Li-Xin Niu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-Long Zhang, ; Li-Xin Niu,
| | - Yan-Long Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-Long Zhang, ; Li-Xin Niu,
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91
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Woodfield HK, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Haslam RP, Guschina IA, Wenk MR, Harwood JL. Using lipidomics to reveal details of lipid accumulation in developing seeds from oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1863:339-348. [PMID: 29275220 PMCID: PMC5791847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
With dwindling available agricultural land, concurrent with increased demand for oil, there is much current interest in raising oil crop productivity. We have been addressing this issue by studying the regulation of oil accumulation in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L). As part of this research we have carried out a detailed lipidomic analysis of developing seeds. The molecular species distribution in individual lipid classes revealed quite distinct patterns and showed where metabolic connections were important. As the seeds developed, the molecular species distributions changed, especially in the period of early (20 days after flowering, DAF) to mid phase (27DAF) of oil accumulation. The patterns of molecular species of diacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and acyl-CoAs were used to predict the possible relative contributions of diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) and phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase to triacylglycerol production. Our calculations suggest that DGAT may hold a more important role in influencing the molecular composition of TAG. Enzyme selectivity had an important influence on the final molecular species patterns. Our data contribute significantly to our understanding of lipid accumulation in the world's third most important oil crop. Lipidomic analysis of developing rapeseed seeds is reported Results show distinct differences between lipid classes Changes in molecular species distributions were found during development The data were used to evaluate the contribution of different synthetic pathways
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117587, Singapore; Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Richard P Haslam
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | | | - Markus R Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117587, Singapore; Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
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92
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Ting MKY, She YM, Plaxton WC. Transcript profiling indicates a widespread role for bacterial-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in malate-accumulating sink tissues. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:5857-5869. [PMID: 29240945 PMCID: PMC5854131 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is an important regulatory enzyme situated at a key branch point of central plant metabolism. Plant genomes encode several plant-type PEPC (PTPC) isozymes, along with a distantly related bacterial-type PEPC (BTPC). BTPC is expressed at high levels in developing castor oil seeds where it tightly interacts with co-expressed PTPC polypeptides to form unusual hetero-octameric Class-2 PEPC complexes that are desensitized to allosteric inhibition by L-malate. Analysis of RNA-Seq and microarray transcriptome datasets revealed two distinct patterns of tissue-specific BTPC expression in vascular plants. Species such as Arabidopsis thaliana, strawberry, rice, maize, and poplar mainly exhibited pollen- or floral-specific BTPC expression. By contrast, BTPC transcripts were relatively abundant in developing castor, cotton, and soybean seeds, cassava tubers, as well as immature tomato, cucumber, grape, and avocado fruit. Immunoreactive 118 kDa BTPC polypeptides were detected on immunoblots of cucumber and tomato fruit extracts. Co-immunoprecipitation established that as in castor, BTPCs physically interact with endogenous PTPCs to form Class-2 PEPC complexes in tomato and cucumber fruit. We hypothesize that Class-2 PEPCs simultaneously maintain rapid anaplerotic PEP carboxylation and respiratory CO2 refixation in diverse, biosynthetically active sinks that accumulate high malate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Y Ting
- Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi-Min She
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - William C Plaxton
- Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Correspondence:
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93
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Fedosejevs ET, Liu LNC, Abergel M, She YM, Plaxton WC. Coimmunoprecipitation of reversibly glycosylated polypeptide with sucrose synthase from developing castor oilseeds. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:3872-3880. [PMID: 29110302 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The sucrose synthase (SUS) interactome of developing castor oilseeds (COS; Ricinus communis) was assessed using coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) with anti-(COS RcSUS1)-IgG followed by proteomic analysis. A 41-kDa polypeptide (p41) that coimmunoprecipitated with RcSUS1 from COS extracts was identified as reversibly glycosylated polypeptide-1 (RcRGP1) by LC-MS/MS and anti-RcRGP1 immunoblotting. Reciprocal Far-western immunodot blotting corroborated the specific interaction between RcSUS1 and RcRGP1. Co-IP using anti-(COS RcSUS1)-IgG and clarified extracts from other developing seeds as well as cluster (proteoid) roots of white lupin and Harsh Hakea consistently recovered 90 kDa SUS polypeptides along with p41/RGP as a SUS interactor. The results suggest that SUS interacts with RGP in diverse sink tissues to channel UDP-glucose derived from imported sucrose into hemicellulose and/or glycoprotein/glycolipid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Fedosejevs
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leo N C Liu
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Megan Abergel
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi-Min She
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - William C Plaxton
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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94
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Sreedhar RV, Prasad P, Reddy LPA, Rajasekharan R, Srinivasan M. Unravelling a stearidonic acid-rich triacylglycerol biosynthetic pathway in the developing seeds of Buglossoides arvensis: A transcriptomic landscape. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10473. [PMID: 28874672 PMCID: PMC5585386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09882-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Buglossoides arvensis is an emerging oilseed crop that is rich in stearidonic acid (SDA) and has several potential applications in human health and nutrition. The molecular basis of SDA biosynthesis in this plant remains unknown due to lack of genomic information. To unravel key genes involved in SDA-rich triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis, we performed transcriptome sequencing of pooled mRNA from five different developmental stages of B. arvensis seeds using Illumina NextSeq platform. De novo transcriptome assembly generated 102,888 clustered transcripts from 39.83 million high-quality reads. Of these, 62.1% and 55.54% of transcripts were functionally annotated using Uniprot-Viridiplantae and KOG databases, respectively. A total of 10,021 SSR-containing sequences were identified using the MISA tool. Deep mining of transcriptome assembly using in silico tools led to the identification of genes involved in fatty acid and TAG biosynthesis. Expression profiling of 17 key transcripts involved in fatty acid desaturation and TAG biosynthesis showed expression patterns specific to the development stage that positively correlated with polyunsaturated fatty acid accumulation in the developing seeds. This first comprehensive transcriptome analysis provides the basis for future research on understanding molecular mechanisms of SDA-rich TAG accumulation in B. arvensis and aids in biotechnological production of SDA in other oilseed crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Sreedhar
- Department of Lipid Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR-CFTRI), Mysuru, 570020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute Campus, Mysuru, 570020, India
| | - P Prasad
- Department of Lipid Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR-CFTRI), Mysuru, 570020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute Campus, Mysuru, 570020, India
| | - L Prasanna Anjaneya Reddy
- Department of Lipid Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR-CFTRI), Mysuru, 570020, India
| | - Ram Rajasekharan
- Department of Lipid Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR-CFTRI), Mysuru, 570020, India
| | - Malathi Srinivasan
- Department of Lipid Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR-CFTRI), Mysuru, 570020, India.
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95
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96
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Dossa K, Li D, Wang L, Zheng X, Liu A, Yu J, Wei X, Zhou R, Fonceka D, Diouf D, Liao B, Cissé N, Zhang X. Transcriptomic, biochemical and physio-anatomical investigations shed more light on responses to drought stress in two contrasting sesame genotypes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8755. [PMID: 28821876 PMCID: PMC5562740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesame is an important oilseed crop with a high oil quality. It is prone to drought stress in the arid and semi-arid areas where it is widely grown. This study aims to decipher the response of tolerant (DT) and sensitive (DS) genotypes to progressive drought based on transcriptome, biochemical and physio-anatomical characterizations. Results indicated that under severe stress, DT relied on a well-functioning taproot while DS displayed a disintegrated root due to collapsed cortical cells. This was attributed to a higher accumulation of osmoprotectants and strong activity of antioxidant enzymes especially peroxidases in DT. From roots, DT could supply water to the aboveground tissues to ensure photosynthetic activities and improve endurance under stress. Temporal transcriptome sequencing under drought further confirmed that DT strongly activated genes related to antioxidant activity, osmoprotection and hormonal signaling pathways including abscisic acid and Ethylene. Furthermore, DT displayed unique differentially expressed genes in root functioning as peroxidases, interleukin receptor-associated kinase, heat shock proteins, APETALA2/ethylene-responsive element-binding protein and mitogen activated protein kinase, to effectively scavenge reactive oxygen species and preserve root cell integrity. Finally, 61 candidate genes conferring higher drought tolerance in DT were discovered and may constitute useful resources for drought tolerance improvement in sesame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komivi Dossa
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, 430062, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Centre d'Etudes Régional pour l'Amélioration de l'Adaptation à la Sécheresse (CERAAS), BP 3320 Route de Khombole, Thiès, Senegal.,Laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies Végétales, Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, BP 5005 Dakar-Fann, Code postal, 107000, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Donghua Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, 430062, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Linhai Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, 430062, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | | | - Aili Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, 430062, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingyin Yu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, 430062, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, 430062, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, 430062, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Daniel Fonceka
- Centre d'Etudes Régional pour l'Amélioration de l'Adaptation à la Sécheresse (CERAAS), BP 3320 Route de Khombole, Thiès, Senegal.,Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), UMR AGAP, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Diaga Diouf
- Laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies Végétales, Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, BP 5005 Dakar-Fann, Code postal, 107000, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Boshou Liao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, 430062, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ndiaga Cissé
- Centre d'Etudes Régional pour l'Amélioration de l'Adaptation à la Sécheresse (CERAAS), BP 3320 Route de Khombole, Thiès, Senegal
| | - Xiurong Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, 430062, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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97
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Huang R, Huang Y, Sun Z, Huang J, Wang Z. Transcriptome Analysis of Genes Involved in Lipid Biosynthesis in the Developing Embryo of Pecan (Carya illinoinensis). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4223-4236. [PMID: 28459558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) is an important woody tree species because of the high content of healthy oil in its nut. Thus far, the pathways and key genes related to oil biosynthesis in developing pecan seeds remain largely unclear. Our analyses revealed that mature pecan embryo accumulated more than 80% oil, in which 90% was unsaturated fatty acids with abundant oleic acid. RNA sequencing generated 84,643 unigenes in three cDNA libraries prepared from pecan embryos collected at 105, 120, and 165 days after flowering (DAF). We identified 153 unigenes associated with lipid biosynthesis, including 107 unigenes for fatty acid biosynthesis, 34 for triacylglycerol biosynthesis, 7 for oil bodies, and 5 for transcription factors involved in oil synthesis. The genes associated with fatty acid synthesis were the most abundantly expressed genes at 120 DAF. Additionally, the biosynthesis of oil began to increase while crude fat contents increased from 16.61 to 74.45% (165 DAF). We identified four SAD, two FAD2, one FAD6, two FAD7, and two FAD8 unigenes responsible for unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. However, FAD3 homologues were not detected. Consequently, we inferred that the linolenic acid in developing pecan embryos is generated by FAD7 and FAD8 in plastids rather than FAD3 in endoplasmic reticula. During pecan embryo development, different unigenes are expressed for plastidial and cytosolic glycolysis. Plastidial glycolysis is more relevant to lipid synthesis than cytosolic glycolysis. The 18 most important genes associated with lipid biosynthesis were evaluated in five stages of developing embryos using quantitative PCR (qPCR). The qPCR data were well consistent with their expression in transcriptomic analyses. Our data would be important for the metabolic engineering of pecans to increase oil contents and modify fatty acid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University , Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Youjun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University , Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhichao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University , Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jianqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University , Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhengjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University , Hangzhou 311300, China
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Cui Y, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Liu Z, Ijaz B, Huang Y, Hua J. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Biotin Carboxyl Carrier Subunits of Heteromeric Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase in Gossypium. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:624. [PMID: 28507552 PMCID: PMC5410604 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is an important enzyme, which catalyzes acetyl-CoA's carboxylation to produce malonyl-CoA and to serve as a committed step for de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in plastids. In this study, 24 putative cotton BCCP genes were identified based on the lately published genome data in Gossypium. Among them, 4, 4, 8, and 8 BCCP homologs were identified in Gossypium raimondii, G. arboreum, G. hirsutum, and G. barbadense, respectively. These genes were divided into two classes based on a phylogenetic analysis. In each class, these homologs were relatively conserved in gene structure and motifs. The chromosomal distribution pattern revealed that all the BCCP genes were distributed equally on corresponding chromosomes or scaffold in the four cotton species. Segmental duplication was a predominant duplication event in both of G. hirsutum and G. barbadense. The analysis of the expression profile showed that 8 GhBCCP genes expressed in all the tested tissues with changed expression levels, and GhBCCP genes belonging to class II were predominantly expressed in developing ovules. Meanwhile, the expression analysis for the 16 cotton BCCP genes from G. raimondii, G. arboreum and G. hirsutum showed that they were induced or suppressed by cold or salt stress, and their expression patterns varied among different tissues. These findings will help to determine the functional and evolutionary characteristics of the BCCP genes in Gossypium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Cui
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yanpeng Zhao
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- Research Institute of Cash Crop, Hubei Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan, China
| | - Zhengjie Liu
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Babar Ijaz
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan, China
| | - Jinping Hua
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
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Lin Z, An J, Wang J, Niu J, Ma C, Wang L, Yuan G, Shi L, Liu L, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Qi J, Lin S. Integrated analysis of 454 and Illumina transcriptomic sequencing characterizes carbon flux and energy source for fatty acid synthesis in developing Lindera glauca fruits for woody biodiesel. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:134. [PMID: 28559925 PMCID: PMC5445305 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0820-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lindera glauca fruit with high quality and quantity of oil has emerged as a novel potential source of biodiesel in China, but the molecular regulatory mechanism of carbon flux and energy source for oil biosynthesis in developing fruits is still unknown. To better develop fruit oils of L. glauca as woody biodiesel, a combination of two different sequencing platforms (454 and Illumina) and qRT-PCR analysis was used to define a minimal reference transcriptome of developing L. glauca fruits, and to construct carbon and energy metabolic model for regulation of carbon partitioning and energy supply for FA biosynthesis and oil accumulation. RESULTS We first analyzed the dynamic patterns of growth tendency, oil content, FA compositions, biodiesel properties, and the contents of ATP and pyridine nucleotide of L. glauca fruits from seven different developing stages. Comprehensive characterization of transcriptome of the developing L. glauca fruit was performed using a combination of two different next-generation sequencing platforms, of which three representative fruit samples (50, 125, and 150 DAF) and one mixed sample from seven developing stages were selected for Illumina and 454 sequencing, respectively. The unigenes separately obtained from long and short reads (201, and 259, respectively, in total) were reconciled using TGICL software, resulting in a total of 60,031 unigenes (mean length = 1061.95 bp) to describe a transcriptome for developing L. glauca fruits. Notably, 198 genes were annotated for photosynthesis, sucrose cleavage, carbon allocation, metabolite transport, acetyl-CoA formation, oil synthesis, and energy metabolism, among which some specific transporters, transcription factors, and enzymes were identified to be implicated in carbon partitioning and energy source for oil synthesis by an integrated analysis of transcriptomic sequencing and qRT-PCR. Importantly, the carbon and energy metabolic model was well established for oil biosynthesis of developing L. glauca fruits, which could help to reveal the molecular regulatory mechanism of the increased oil production in developing fruits. CONCLUSIONS This study presents for the first time the application of an integrated two different sequencing analyses (Illumina and 454) and qRT-PCR detection to define a minimal reference transcriptome for developing L. glauca fruits, and to elucidate the molecular regulatory mechanism of carbon flux control and energy provision for oil synthesis. Our results will provide a valuable resource for future fundamental and applied research on the woody biodiesel plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Nature Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083 China
| | - Jiyong An
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Nature Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083 China
| | - Jia Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Nature Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083 China
| | - Jun Niu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
| | - Chao Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Nature Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083 China
| | - Libing Wang
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 10091 China
| | - Guanshen Yuan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Nature Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083 China
| | - Lingling Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Nature Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083 China
| | - Lili Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Nature Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083 China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Nature Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083 China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Nature Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083 China
| | - Ji Qi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Nature Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083 China
| | - Shanzhi Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Nature Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083 China
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Yang Z, Ji H, Liu D. Oil Biosynthesis in Underground Oil-Rich Storage Vegetative Tissue: Comparison of Cyperus esculentus Tuber with Oil Seeds and Fruits. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:2519-2540. [PMID: 27742886 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cyperus esculentus is unique in that it can accumulate rich oil in its tubers. However, the underlying mechanism of tuber oil biosynthesis is still unclear. Our transcriptional analyses of the pathways from pyruvate production up to triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in tubers revealed many distinct species-specific lipid expression patterns from oil seeds and fruits, indicating that in C. esculentus tuber: (i) carbon flux from sucrose toward plastid pyruvate could be produced mostly through the cytosolic glycolytic pathway; (ii) acetyl-CoA synthetase might be an important contributor to acetyl-CoA formation for plastid fatty acid biosynthesis; (iii) the expression pattern for stearoyl-ACP desaturase was associated with high oleic acid composition; (iv) it was most likely that endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated acyl-CoA synthetase played a significant role in the export of fatty acids between the plastid and ER; (v) lipid phosphate phosphatase (LPP)-δ was most probably related to the formation of the diacylglycerol (DAG) pool in the Kennedy pathway; and (vi) diacylglyceroltransacylase 2 (DGAT2) and phospholipid:diacylglycerolacyltransferase 1 (PDAT1) might play crucial roles in tuber oil biosynthesis. In contrast to oil-rich fruits, there existed many oleosins, caleosins and steroleosins with very high transcripts in tubers. Surprisingly, only a single ortholog of WRINKLED1 (WRI1)-like transcription factor was identified and it was poorly expressed during tuber development. Our study not only provides insights into lipid metabolism in tuber tissues, but also broadens our understanding of TAG synthesis in oil plants. Such knowledge is of significance in exploiting this oil-rich species and manipulating other non-seed tissues to enhance storage oil production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenle Yang
- Key Lab of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hongying Ji
- Key Lab of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Dantong Liu
- Key Lab of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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