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Ali S, Tyagi A, Bae H. Ionomic Approaches for Discovery of Novel Stress-Resilient Genes in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7182. [PMID: 34281232 PMCID: PMC8267685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants, being sessile, face an array of biotic and abiotic stresses in their lifespan that endanger their survival. Hence, optimized uptake of mineral nutrients creates potential new routes for enhancing plant health and stress resilience. Recently, minerals (both essential and non-essential) have been identified as key players in plant stress biology, owing to their multifaceted functions. However, a realistic understanding of the relationship between different ions and stresses is lacking. In this context, ionomics will provide new platforms for not only understanding the function of the plant ionome during stresses but also identifying the genes and regulatory pathways related to mineral accumulation, transportation, and involvement in different molecular mechanisms under normal or stress conditions. This article provides a general overview of ionomics and the integration of high-throughput ionomic approaches with other "omics" tools. Integrated omics analysis is highly suitable for identification of the genes for various traits that confer biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Moreover, ionomics advances being used to identify loci using qualitative trait loci and genome-wide association analysis of element uptake and transport within plant tissues, as well as genetic variation within species, are discussed. Furthermore, recent developments in ionomics for the discovery of stress-tolerant genes in plants have also been addressed; these can be used to produce more robust crops with a high nutritional value for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Anshika Tyagi
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Hanhong Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
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52
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Britto DT, Coskun D, Kronzucker HJ. Potassium physiology from Archean to Holocene: A higher-plant perspective. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 262:153432. [PMID: 34034042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss biological potassium acquisition and utilization processes over an evolutionary timescale, with emphasis on modern vascular plants. The quintessential osmotic and electrical functions of the K+ ion are shown to be intimately tied to K+-transport systems and membrane energization. Several prominent themes in plant K+-transport physiology are explored in greater detail, including: (1) channel mediated K+ acquisition by roots at low external [K+]; (2) K+ loading of root xylem elements by active transport; (3) variations on the theme of K+ efflux from root cells to the extracellular environment; (4) the veracity and utility of the "affinity" concept in relation to transport systems. We close with a discussion of the importance of plant-potassium relations to our human world, and current trends in potassium nutrition from farm to table.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dev T Britto
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Devrim Coskun
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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53
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Anwar K, Joshi R, Dhankher OP, Singla-Pareek SL, Pareek A. Elucidating the Response of Crop Plants towards Individual, Combined and Sequentially Occurring Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [PMID: 34204152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In nature, plants are exposed to an ever-changing environment with increasing frequencies of multiple abiotic stresses. These abiotic stresses act either in combination or sequentially, thereby driving vegetation dynamics and limiting plant growth and productivity worldwide. Plants' responses against these combined and sequential stresses clearly differ from that triggered by an individual stress. Until now, experimental studies were mainly focused on plant responses to individual stress, but have overlooked the complex stress response generated in plants against combined or sequential abiotic stresses, as well as their interaction with each other. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the combined and sequential abiotic stresses overlap with respect to the central nodes of their interacting signaling pathways, and their impact cannot be modelled by swimming in an individual extreme event. Taken together, deciphering the regulatory networks operative between various abiotic stresses in agronomically important crops will contribute towards designing strategies for the development of plants with tolerance to multiple stress combinations. This review provides a brief overview of the recent developments in the interactive effects of combined and sequentially occurring stresses on crop plants. We believe that this study may improve our understanding of the molecular and physiological mechanisms in untangling the combined stress tolerance in plants, and may also provide a promising venue for agronomists, physiologists, as well as molecular biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Anwar
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rohit Joshi
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Sneh L Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali 140306, India
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54
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Anwar K, Joshi R, Dhankher OP, Singla-Pareek SL, Pareek A. Elucidating the Response of Crop Plants towards Individual, Combined and Sequentially Occurring Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6119. [PMID: 34204152 PMCID: PMC8201344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, plants are exposed to an ever-changing environment with increasing frequencies of multiple abiotic stresses. These abiotic stresses act either in combination or sequentially, thereby driving vegetation dynamics and limiting plant growth and productivity worldwide. Plants' responses against these combined and sequential stresses clearly differ from that triggered by an individual stress. Until now, experimental studies were mainly focused on plant responses to individual stress, but have overlooked the complex stress response generated in plants against combined or sequential abiotic stresses, as well as their interaction with each other. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the combined and sequential abiotic stresses overlap with respect to the central nodes of their interacting signaling pathways, and their impact cannot be modelled by swimming in an individual extreme event. Taken together, deciphering the regulatory networks operative between various abiotic stresses in agronomically important crops will contribute towards designing strategies for the development of plants with tolerance to multiple stress combinations. This review provides a brief overview of the recent developments in the interactive effects of combined and sequentially occurring stresses on crop plants. We believe that this study may improve our understanding of the molecular and physiological mechanisms in untangling the combined stress tolerance in plants, and may also provide a promising venue for agronomists, physiologists, as well as molecular biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Anwar
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (K.A.); (R.J.)
| | - Rohit Joshi
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (K.A.); (R.J.)
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| | - Sneh L. Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India;
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (K.A.); (R.J.)
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali 140306, India
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55
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Matrose NA, Obikeze K, Belay ZA, Caleb OJ. Plant extracts and other natural compounds as alternatives for post-harvest management of fruit fungal pathogens: A review. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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56
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Lin QJ, Kumar V, Chu J, Li ZM, Wu XX, Dong H, Sun Q, Xuan YH. CBL-interacting protein kinase 31 regulates rice resistance to blast disease by modulating cellular potassium levels. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 563:23-30. [PMID: 34058471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Rice blast disease caused by infection with Magnaporthe oryzae, a hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen, significantly reduces the yield production. However, the rice defense mechanism against blast disease remains elusive. To identify the genes involved in the regulation of rice defense to blast disease, dissociation (Ds) transposon tagging mutant lines were analyzed in terms of their response to M. oryzae isolate Guy11. Among them, CBL-interactingprotein kinase31 (CIPK31) mutants were more susceptible than wild-type plants to blast. The CIPK31 transcript was found to be insensitive to Guy11 infection, and the CIPK31-GFP was localized to the cytosol and nucleus. Overexpression of CIPK31 promoted rice defense to blast. Further analysis indicated that CIPK31 interacts with Calcineurin B-like 2 (CBL2) and CBL6 at the plasma membrane, and cbl2 mutants are more susceptible to blast compared with wild-type plants, suggesting that calcium signaling might partially through the CBL2-CIPK31 signaling regulate rice defense. Yeast two-hybrid results showed that AKT1-like (AKT1L), a potential potassium (K+) channel protein, interacted with CIPK31, and the K+ level was significantly lower in the cipk31 mutants than in the wild-type control. In addition, exogenous potassium application increased rice resistance to blast, suggesting that CIPK31 might interact with AKT1L to increase K+ uptake, thereby promoting resistance to blast. Taken together, the results presented here demonstrate that CBL2-CIPK31-AKT1L is a new signaling pathway that regulates rice defense to blast disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Jun Lin
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Vikranth Kumar
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Chu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Zhi Min Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xian Xin Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Hai Dong
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Qian Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Yuan Hu Xuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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57
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Sulfur Deprivation Modulates Salicylic Acid Responses via Nonexpressor of Pathogenesis-Related Gene 1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061065. [PMID: 34073325 PMCID: PMC8230334 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mineral nutrients are essential for plant growth and reproduction, yet only a few studies connect the nutritional status to plant innate immunity. The backbone of plant defense response is mainly controlled by two major hormones: salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). This study investigated changes in the macronutrient concentration (deficiency/excess of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and sulfur) on the expression of PR1, a well-characterized marker in the SA-pathway, and PDF1.2 and LOX2 for the JA-pathway, analyzing plants carrying the promoter of each gene fused to GUS as a reporter. After histochemical GUS assays, we determined that PR1 gene was strongly activated in response to sulfur (S) deficiency. Using RT-PCR, we observed that the induction of PR1 depended on the function of Non-expressor of Pathogenesis-Related gene 1 (NPR1) and SA accumulation, as PR1 was not expressed in npr1-1 mutant and NahG plants under S-deprived conditions. Plants treated with different S-concentrations showed that total S-deprivation was required to induce SA-mediated defense responses. Additionally, bioassays revealed that S-deprived plants, induced resistance to the hemibiotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. DC3000 and increase susceptibility to the necrotrophic Botrytis cinerea. In conclusion, we observed a relationship between S and SA/JA-dependent defense mechanisms in Arabidopsis.
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58
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Schwendenmann L, Michalzik B. Impact of Phytophthora agathidicida infection on canopy and forest floor plant nutrient concentrations and fluxes in a kauri-dominated forest. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:4310-4324. [PMID: 33976812 PMCID: PMC8093678 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Kauri dieback, caused by Phytophthora agathidicida, is a biotic disturbance that poses a recent threat to the survival of kauri (Agathis australis) forests in New Zealand. Previous studies have shown that throughfall and stemflow play an important role in the kauri forests' internal nutrient cycle. However, the effects of P. agathidicida infection on canopy and forest floor nutrient fluxes in kauri forests remain unknown. Here, we measured throughfall, stemflow and forest floor water yield, nutrient (potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, silicon, sulfur, sodium, iron) concentrations and fluxes of ten kauri trees differing in soil P. agathidicida DNA concentration, and health status. We did not observe an effect of soil P. agathidicida DNA concentration on throughfall, stemflow, and forest floor water yield. Throughfall and forest floor nutrient concentrations and fluxes decreased (up to 50%) with increasing soil P. agathidicida DNA concentration. We found significant effects on potassium and manganese fluxes in throughfall; calcium and silicon fluxes in forest floor leachate. A decline in canopy and forest floor nutrient fluxes may result in soil nutrient imbalances, which in turn may negatively impact forest productivity and may increase the susceptibility of trees to future pathogen infection in these ecologically unique kauri forests. Given our findings and the increasing spread of Phytophthora species worldwide, research on the underlying physiological mechanisms linking dieback and plant-soil nutrient fluxes is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beate Michalzik
- Soil ScienceInstitute of GeographyFriedrich Schiller University JenaJenaGermany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
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59
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Schmidt-Jeffris RA, Moretti EA, Wickings K, Wolfin MS, Northfield TD, Linn CE, Nault BA. Conventional Soil Management May Promote Nutrients That Lure an Insect Pest to a Toxic Crop. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:433-443. [PMID: 33377151 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Slow and consistent nutrient release by organic fertilizers can improve plant nutrient balance and defenses, leading to herbivore avoidance of organically managed crops in favor of conventional crops with weaker defenses. We propose that this relative attraction to conventional plants, coupled with the use of genetically modified, insecticidal crops (Bt), has created an unintentional attract-and-kill system. We sought to determine whether Bt and non-Bt corn Zea mays L. plants grown in soil collected from five paired organic and conventional fields differed in attractiveness to European corn borer [Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner)] moths, by conducting ovipositional choice and flight tunnel assays. We then examined the mechanisms driving the observed differences in attraction by comparing soil nutrient profiles, soil microbial activity, plant nutrition, and plant volatile profiles. Finally, we assessed whether European corn borer abundance near corn fields differed based on soil management. European corn borer preferred plants grown in conventional soil but did not discriminate between Bt and non-Bt corn. Organic management and more alkaline soil were associated with an increased soil magnesium:potassium ratio, which increased plant magnesium, and were linked to reduced European corn borer oviposition. There was an inconsistent trend for higher European corn borer moth activity near conventional fields. Our results extend the mineral balance hypothesis describing conventional plant preference by showing that it can also improve attraction to plants with genetically inserted toxins. Unintentional attract (to conventional) and (Bt) kill is a plausible scenario for pest declines in response to Bt corn adoption, but this effect may be obscured by variation in other management practices and landscape characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erica A Moretti
- USDA-ARS, Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Unit, Wapato, WA
| | - Kyle Wickings
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Cornell AgriTech, Geneva, NY
| | - Michael S Wolfin
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, 120-A Chemical Ecology Lab, University Park, PA
| | - Tobin D Northfield
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Wenatchee, WA
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Studies, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Charlie E Linn
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Cornell AgriTech, Geneva, NY
| | - Brian A Nault
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Cornell AgriTech, Geneva, NY
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60
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Sun Y, Wang M, Mur LAJ, Shen Q, Guo S. The cross-kingdom roles of mineral nutrient transporters in plant-microbe relations. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:771-784. [PMID: 33341944 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of plant physiology by plant mineral nutrient transporter (MNT) is well understood. Recently, the extensive characterization of beneficial and pathogenic plant-microbe interactions has defined the roles for MNTs in such relationships. In this review, we summarize the roles of diverse nutrient transporters in the symbiotic or pathogenic relationships between plants and microorganisms. In doing so, we highlight how MNTs of plants and microbes can act in a coordinated manner. In symbiotic relationships, MNTs play key roles in the establishment of the interaction between the host plant and rhizobium or mycorrhizae as well in the subsequent coordinated transport of nutrients. Additionally, MNTs may also regulate the colonization or degeneration of symbiotic microorganisms by reflecting the nutrient status of the plant and soil. This allows the host plant obtain nutrients from the soil in the most optimal manner. With pathogenic-interactions, MNTs influence pathogen proliferation, the efficacy of the host's biochemical defense and related signal transduction mechanisms. We classify the MNT effects in plant-pathogen interactions as either indirect by influencing the nutrient status and fitness of the pathogen, or direct by initiating host defense mechanisms. While such observations indicate the fundamental importance of MNTs in governing the interactions with a range of microorganisms, further work is needed to develop an integrative understanding of their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luis Alejandro Jose Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Segura M. RA, Stoorvogel JJ, Blanco R. FA, Sandoval F. JA. A Medium-Term Field Experiment to Study the Effect of Managing Soil Chemical Properties on Fusarium Wilt in Banana ( Musa AAA). J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7040261. [PMID: 33807161 PMCID: PMC8066568 DOI: 10.3390/jof7040261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is a soil-borne fungus causing Fusarium wilt (FW) in banana. It is practically impossible to eradicate Foc in soils. Our understanding of soil–Foc–banana interactions is hampered by inconsistent research results caused by agro-ecological variability and the complexity of the soil system. This study aimed to evaluate the options to manage soil chemical properties to reduce disease expression and maintain banana production. The expression of FW (Foc Race 1) and the agronomic performance of the Gros Michel (Musa AAA) banana were evaluated in two medium-term factorial field experiments at representative locations in the Costa Rican banana region. In the experiments, five soil chemical properties (pH, N, Ca, Mg, and Mn) were managed to achieve a low and a high level. Plant mortality caused by FW, soil fertility, plant nutrition, and agronomic performance were monitored during four crop cycles. After the first crop cycle, the treatments started to present differences in plant mortality. There was a significant rise of plant mortality after the second crop cycle resulting in a cumulative plant mortality exceeding 60% in both experiments. A lower soil pH consistently resulted in significantly higher plant mortality. The interactions between soil properties (pH-N, pH-CaMg, pH-Mn, N-Mn, and CaMg-Mn) also influenced plant mortality. Soil N was the most significant treatment affecting leaf nutrient concentrations, bunch weight, and clusters per bunch. The experiments confirmed the potential role of soil management in FW expression in banana. Our results suggest that the management of soil chemical properties in the conditions here studied may help to reduce the expression rate of FW, but not to control the disease in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael A. Segura M.
- Soil Geography and Landscape Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands;
- Research Center, CORBANA S.A., Guápiles 32-7210, Costa Rica;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +506-40024671
| | - Jetse J. Stoorvogel
- Soil Geography and Landscape Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands;
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Ranawat B, Mishra S, Singh A. Enterobacter hormaechei (MF957335) enhanced yield, disease and salinity tolerance in tomato. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:2659-2667. [PMID: 33712862 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02226-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the major limiting factors for poor crop yield in the world. Increasing salinity in the soil is a challenge for agriculture. In the recent past, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are being used to enhance plant growth in various conditions. However, the saline-tolerant PGPR are of great use for plant growth under saline condition. In the present study, saline-tolerant E. hormaechei (MF957335) was isolated from saline water. E. hormaechei (MF957335) was tested for its potassium and calcium solubilizing efficiency using Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX). E. hormaechei (MF957335) and K-Feldspar treatments significantly increased plant growth as compared to untreated plants (negative control). E. hormaechei (MF957335) significantly increased fresh biomass, shoot and root length of tomato plants. Among all the NaCl treatments, maximum fruits (9.66) were achieved in 250 mM NaCl + E. hormaechei treatment. Similar results with increased fruit numbers were obtained in K-Feldspar-treated plants. Apart from the plant growth, fresh biomass and fruit numbers, tomatoes from K-Feldspar-treated plants were large, fleshy and deep red colored. The study could demonstrate bioavailability of potassium from K-feldspar for tomato cultivation. Control plants tomato were small, non-fleshy, yellowish red, and infected with calcium deficiency disease blossom-end rot. The present study demonstrates the role of E. hormaechei (MF957335) in plant growth, yield promotion and disease tolerance by potassium and calcium solubilization, respectively. The study showed that E. hormaechei (MF957335) could be applied to saline and non-saline soils to enhance tomato yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bablesh Ranawat
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sandhya Mishra
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Aneesha Singh
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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63
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Höckerstedt L, Susi H, Laine A. Effect of maternal infection on progeny growth and resistance mediated by maternal genotype and nutrient availability. THE JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2021; 109:1439-1451. [PMID: 33776136 PMCID: PMC7986887 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Maternal effects of pathogen infection on progeny development and disease resistance may be adaptive and have important consequences for population dynamics. However, these effects are often context-dependent and examples of adaptive transgenerational responses from perennials are scarce, although they may be a particularly important mechanism generating variation in the offspring of long-lived species.Here, we studied the effect of maternal infection of Plantago lanceolata by Podosphaera plantaginis, a fungal parasite, on the growth, flower production and resistance of the progeny of six maternal genotypes in nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor environments. For this purpose, we combined a common garden study with automated phenotyping measurements of early life stages, and an inoculation experiment.Our results show that the effects of infection on the mother plants transcend to impact their progeny. Although maternal infection decreased total leaf and flower production of the progeny by the end of the growing season, it accelerated early growth and enhanced resistance to the pathogen P. plantaginis.We also discovered that the effects of maternal infection affected progeny development and resistance through a three way-interaction between maternal genotype, maternal infection status and nutrient availability. Synthesis. Our results emphasize the importance of maternal effects mediated through genotypic and environmental factors in long-living perennials and suggest that maternal infection can create a layer of phenotypic diversity in resistance. These results may have important implications for both epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of host-parasite interactions in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Höckerstedt
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary BiologyFaculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Climate System ResearchFinnish Meteorological InstituteHelsinkiFinland
| | - Hanna Susi
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary BiologyFaculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Anna‐Liisa Laine
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary BiologyFaculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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64
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Sardans J, Peñuelas J. Potassium Control of Plant Functions: Ecological and Agricultural Implications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:419. [PMID: 33672415 PMCID: PMC7927068 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Potassium, mostly as a cation (K+), together with calcium (Ca2+) are the most abundant inorganic chemicals in plant cellular media, but they are rarely discussed. K+ is not a component of molecular or macromolecular plant structures, thus it is more difficult to link it to concrete metabolic pathways than nitrogen or phosphorus. Over the last two decades, many studies have reported on the role of K+ in several physiological functions, including controlling cellular growth and wood formation, xylem-phloem water content and movement, nutrient and metabolite transport, and stress responses. In this paper, we present an overview of contemporary findings associating K+ with various plant functions, emphasizing plant-mediated responses to environmental abiotic and biotic shifts and stresses by controlling transmembrane potentials and water, nutrient, and metabolite transport. These essential roles of K+ account for its high concentrations in the most active plant organs, such as leaves, and are consistent with the increasing number of ecological and agricultural studies that report K+ as a key element in the function and structure of terrestrial ecosystems, crop production, and global food security. We synthesized these roles from an integrated perspective, considering the metabolic and physiological functions of individual plants and their complex roles in terrestrial ecosystem functions and food security within the current context of ongoing global change. Thus, we provide a bridge between studies of K+ at the plant and ecological levels to ultimately claim that K+ should be considered at least at a level similar to N and P in terrestrial ecological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain;
- CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain;
- CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
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Weinert CH, Sonntag F, Egert B, Pawelzik E, Kulling SE, Smit I. The effect of potassium fertilization on the metabolite profile of tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 159:89-99. [PMID: 33348242 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The macronutrient potassium (K) has vital physiological functions in plants and its availability can strongly impact quality of crops like tomato. The impact of K nutrition on conventional tomato fruit quality parameters has been described several times, but detailed investigations on the effect of K supply on the fruit metabolite profile are still rare. To fill this gap, we investigated the influence of K fertilization on the metabolite profile of tomato fruits. For this purpose, an outdoor pot experiment with three different cocktail tomato cultivars was performed. A fertilization regimen with five K levels was applied, ranging from deficiency to sufficient supply. Fruit samples were analyzed by untargeted GC×GC-MS to cover the primary metabolite profile as well as some secondary metabolites. As verified using ICP-OES, fruit K content was highly proportional to the supplied amount of K. At the metabolite profile level, the most prominent and cultivar-independent effect of increased K fertilization was the rise of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates. Further effects were more cultivar-specific, for example an increase of the mobile nitrogen pool (e.g. amines like putrescine and amides like asparagine), changes in the profile of minor sugars (especially disaccharides) as well as higher levels of some secondary metabolites. Pronounced response patterns were mainly observed in the cultivars Primavera and Yellow Submarine that were recently characterized as higher yielding, demanding a stronger consideration of cultivar differences in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph H Weinert
- Max Rubner-Institut, Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Frederike Sonntag
- Division Quality of Plant Products, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Björn Egert
- Max Rubner-Institut, Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Elke Pawelzik
- Division Quality of Plant Products, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabine E Kulling
- Max Rubner-Institut, Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Inga Smit
- Division Quality of Plant Products, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
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66
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Ou X, Cui X, Zhu D, Guo L, Liu D, Yang Y. Lowering Nitrogen and Increasing Potassium Application Level Can Improve the Yield and Quality of Panax notoginseng. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:595095. [PMID: 33408730 PMCID: PMC7779559 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.595095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Excessive nitrogen (N) application and potassium (K) supplement deficiency is a common problem in Panax notoginseng cultivation. However, synergistic effects of lowering N and increasing K application on yield and quality of P. notoginseng have not been reported. Field experiments in two locations with different N and K combined application were conducted to study the effects on yield and quality. Then, the saponin accumulation mechanisms were explored by pot and hydroponic culture with 2- or 3-year-old seedlings. The investigation showed that 70% of P. notoginseng cultivation fields reached abundant levels of total nitrogen (TN) but had deficient levels of total potassium (TK), which may be detrimental to balance the N/K uptake of P. notoginseng. Moreover, the average biomass was 18.9 g, and P. notoginseng saponin (PNS) content was 6.95%; both were influenced by the N/K values of P. notoginseng. The field experiments indicated that compared to the conventional N and K application (N:K = 2:1), lowering N and increasing K application (N:K = 1:2) decreased root rot rate by 36.4-46.1% and increased survival rate, root biomass, and yield, as well as PNS content by 17.9-18.3, 5.7-32.9, 27.8-57.1, and 5-10%, respectively. The mechanism of lowering N and increasing K application on the PNS content improving was due to the decreasing of N/K value, which promoted photosynthesis, sugar accumulation, and the expression of saponin biosynthesis genes. Therefore, lowering N and increasing K application to the ratio of 1:2 would have great potential to improve the synergistic effect on yield and quality of P. notoginseng cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Ou
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng Resources Sustainable Development and Utilization of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Famous-Region Drug, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Resource Institute for Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- College of Environment and Resources, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng Resources Sustainable Development and Utilization of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Famous-Region Drug, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Duanwei Zhu
- College of Environment and Resources, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- Chinese Medica Resources Center, China Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dahui Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng Resources Sustainable Development and Utilization of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Famous-Region Drug, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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67
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Soil fungal and bacterial communities in southern boreal forests of the Greater Khingan Mountains and their relationship with soil properties. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22025. [PMID: 33328590 PMCID: PMC7745012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the relationship between soil microbial communities and soil properties in southern boreal forests. To further our knowledge about that relationship, we compared the soil samples in southern boreal forests of the Greater Khingan Mountains—the southernmost boreal forest biome in the world. The forests can be divided into boardleaf forests dominated by birch (Betula platyphylla) or aspen (Populus davidiana) and coniferous forests dominated by larch (Larix gmelinii) or pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica). Results suggested different soil microbial communities and soil properties between these southern boreal forests. Soil protease activity strongly associated with soil fungal communities in broadleaf and coniferous forests (p < 0.05), but not with soil bacterial communities (p > 0.05). Soil ammonium nitrogen and total phosphorus contents strongly associated with soil fungal and bacterial communities in broadleaf forests (p < 0.05), but not in coniferous forests (p > 0.05). Soil potassium content demonstrated strong correlations with both soil fungal and bacterial communities in broadleaf and coniferous forests (p < 0.05). These results provide evidence for different soil communities and soil properties in southern boreal forest, and further elucidate the explicit correlation between soil microbial communities and soil properties in southern boreal forests.
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68
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Plasmopara viticola infection affects mineral elements allocation and distribution in Vitis vinifera leaves. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18759. [PMID: 33127977 PMCID: PMC7603344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75990-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmopara viticola is one of the most important pathogens infecting Vitis vinifera plants. The interactions among P. viticola and both susceptible and resistant grapevine plants have been extensively characterised, at transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic levels. However, the involvement of plants ionome in the response against the pathogen has been completely neglected so far. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the possible role of leaf ionomic modulation during compatible and incompatible interactions between P. viticola and grapevine plants. In susceptible cultivars, a dramatic redistribution of mineral elements has been observed, thus uncovering a possible role for mineral nutrients in the response against pathogens. On the contrary, the resistant cultivars did not present substantial rearrangement of mineral elements at leaf level, except for manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe). This might demonstrate that, resistant cultivars, albeit expressing the resistance gene, still exploit a pathogen response mechanism based on the local increase in the concentration of microelements, which are involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites and reactive oxygen species. Moreover, these data also highlight the link between the mineral nutrition and plants' response to pathogens, further stressing that appropriate fertilization strategies can be fundamental for the expression of response mechanisms against pathogens.
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69
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Vitamin E Is Superior to Vitamin C in Delaying Seedling Senescence and Improving Resistance in Arabidopsis Deficient in Macro-Elements. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197429. [PMID: 33050099 PMCID: PMC7583987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) are three essential macro-elements for plant growth and development. Used to improve yield in agricultural production, the excessive use of chemical fertilizers often leads to increased production costs and ecological environmental pollution. Vitamins C and E are antioxidants that play an important role in alleviating abiotic stress. However, there are few studies on alleviating oxidative stress caused by macro-element deficiency. Here, we used Arabidopsis vitamin E synthesis-deficient mutant vte4 and vitamin C synthesis-deficient mutant vtc1 on which exogenous vitamin E and vitamin C, respectively, were applied at the bolting stage. In the deficiency of macro-elements, the Arabidopsis chlorophyll content decreased, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and relative electric conductivity increased, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated. The mutants vtc1 and vte4 are more severely stressed than the wild-type plants. Adding exogenous vitamin E was found to better alleviate stress than adding vitamin C. Vitamin C barely affected and vitamin E significantly inhibited the synthesis of ethylene (ETH) and jasmonic acid (JA) genes, thereby reducing the accumulation of ETH and JA that alleviated the senescence caused by macro-element deficiency at the later stage of bolting in Arabidopsis. A deficiency of macro-elements also reduced the yield and germination rate of the seeds, which were more apparent in vtc1 and vte4, and adding exogenous vitamin C and vitamin E, respectively, could restore them. This study reported, for the first time, that vitamin E is better than vitamin C in delaying seedling senescence caused by macro-element deficiency in Arabidopsis.
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70
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Performance Comparison of Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia natans on Azo-Dye (Eriochrome Black T) Phytoremediation. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10070565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Organic pollutants, such as dyes, have a negative effect on the aqueous environment, therefore, their elimination from water bodies is a high priority. In this work, Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia natans, both model plants with high phytoremediation efficiency, were exposed to various concentrations (Ci = 50–500 mg/L) of Eriochrome Black T (EBT). Their capacity to assimilate EBT was studied for 16 days of exposure, similar to natural conditions and by spectrophotometric monitoring of the dye concentration (EE. crassipes; 150 mg/L = 33%; ES. natans; 150 mg/L = 71.5%). The changes of the experimental parameters (pH—equalised by day 5, temperature, humidity, light intensity) were followed, and plant growth and biochemical responses to toxic stress effects (photosynthetic pigments, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX)—decreased effect of P, Mg, Ca, S and K, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), defense enzyme) were examined. Furthermore, changes in oxidative- and photo-degradation of EBT in time and the solid-state properties (SEM, EDX, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy-FTIR) of the dye were investigated. Our results demonstrate that, despite the toxic stress, both species succeeded in reducing the dye-concentration of the water and S. natans proved to be more efficient in binding and removing organic dyes. With our findings, we proved that both plants alleviated the abiotic stress of dye contamination.
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71
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Gu Z, Wang M, Wang Y, Zhu L, Mur LAJ, Hu J, Guo S. Nitrate Stabilizes the Rhizospheric Fungal Community to Suppress Fusarium Wilt Disease in Cucumber. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:590-599. [PMID: 32073377 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-19-0198-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen forms can regulate soil-borne Fusarium wilt suppression, but the related mechanisms are largely unknown, especially possible action via the rhizospheric microbial community. Soil analysis, MiSeq high-throughput sequencing analysis, community diversity, and network analysis were used to characterize the impact of different nitrogen forms (nitrate and ammonium) on rhizospheric fungal communities and the contribution of nitrate to the suppression to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum compared with ammonium. Nitrate-grown cucumber showed a lower disease index and F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum abundance in the rhizosphere. In comparisons with ammonium nutrients, nitrate-fed plants maintained a higher soil rhizosphere pH, microbial biomass carbon content, microbial biomass nitrogen content, as well as fungal community richness and diversity following F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum incubation. All these factors were negatively related with disease index. Network analysis showed fewer nodes and edges in the ammonium treatments compared with nitrate treatments. The relative abundance of Pathotroph-Saprotroph, Pathotroph-Saprotroph-Symbiotroph, and Saprotroph fungi explained 82% of the variability of rhizosphere F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum abundance. In conclusion, after pathogen inoculation under nitrate nutrition, the less-affected microbial composition, community diversity, and community internal relations, which resulted from the more diverse and robust microbial population, potentially contributed to greater Fusarium wilt suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zechen Gu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linxing Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Luis Alejandro Jose Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, U.K
| | - Jun Hu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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72
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Peng Y, Zhang M, Xu Z, Yang T, Su Y, Zhou T, Wang H, Wang Y, Lin Y. Estimation of leaf nutrition status in degraded vegetation based on field survey and hyperspectral data. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4361. [PMID: 32152356 PMCID: PMC7062699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61294-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Timely monitoring of global plant biogeochemical processes demands fast and highly accurate estimation of plant nutrition status, which is often estimated based on hyperspectral data. However, few such studies have been conducted on degraded vegetation. In this study, complete combinations of either original reflectance or first-order derivative spectra have been developed to quantify leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) contents of tree, shrub, and grass species using hyperspectral datasets from light, moderate, and severely degraded vegetation sites in Helin County, China. Leaf N, P, and K contents were correlated to identify suitable combinations. The most effective combinations were those of reflectance difference (Dij), normalized differences (ND), first-order derivative (FD), and first-order derivative difference (FD(D)). Linear regression analysis was used to further optimize sensitive band-based combinations, which were compared with 43 frequently used empirical spectral indices. The proposed hyperspectral indices were shown to effectively quantify leaf N, P, and K content (R2 > 0.5, p < 0.05), confirming that hyperspectral data can be potentially used for fine scale monitoring of degraded vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Peng
- College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Mei Zhang
- College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ziyan Xu
- College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yali Su
- College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Huiting Wang
- College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yongyi Lin
- College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
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73
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Iost Filho FH, Heldens WB, Kong Z, de Lange ES. Drones: Innovative Technology for Use in Precision Pest Management. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:1-25. [PMID: 31811713 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arthropod pest outbreaks are unpredictable and not uniformly distributed within fields. Early outbreak detection and treatment application are inherent to effective pest management, allowing management decisions to be implemented before pests are well-established and crop losses accrue. Pest monitoring is time-consuming and may be hampered by lack of reliable or cost-effective sampling techniques. Thus, we argue that an important research challenge associated with enhanced sustainability of pest management in modern agriculture is developing and promoting improved crop monitoring procedures. Biotic stress, such as herbivory by arthropod pests, elicits physiological defense responses in plants, leading to changes in leaf reflectance. Advanced imaging technologies can detect such changes, and can, therefore, be used as noninvasive crop monitoring methods. Furthermore, novel methods of treatment precision application are required. Both sensing and actuation technologies can be mounted on equipment moving through fields (e.g., irrigation equipment), on (un)manned driving vehicles, and on small drones. In this review, we focus specifically on use of small unmanned aerial robots, or small drones, in agricultural systems. Acquired and processed canopy reflectance data obtained with sensing drones could potentially be transmitted as a digital map to guide a second type of drone, actuation drones, to deliver solutions to the identified pest hotspots, such as precision releases of natural enemies and/or precision-sprays of pesticides. We emphasize how sustainable pest management in 21st-century agriculture will depend heavily on novel technologies, and how this trend will lead to a growing need for multi-disciplinary research collaborations between agronomists, ecologists, software programmers, and engineers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando H Iost Filho
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wieke B Heldens
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Earth Observation Center, German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD), Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany
| | - Zhaodan Kong
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Elvira S de Lange
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
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Eid KE, Abbas MHH, Mekawi EM, ElNagar MM, Abdelhafez AA, Amin BH, Mohamed I, Ali MM. Arbuscular mycorrhiza and environmentally biochemicals enhance the nutritional status of Helianthus tuberosus and induce its resistance against Sclerotium rolfsii. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 186:109783. [PMID: 31629192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemical fungicides are effective tools in controlling plant pathogens; however, these chemicals can, on the other hand, distress the ecosystem. Accordingly, the current research investigates the potentiality of substituting traditional chemical fungicides by inducing plant resistance against infection with soil-born pathogens i.e. Sclerotium rolfsii in the presence of mycorrhizae (AMF) as plant inoculants and one of the following amendments: humic acid, sulphex (a mixture of canola oil and diluted sulphuric acid) and paclobutrazol (ABZ). To attain the abovementioned objective, a field (mildly infected with S. rolfsii) was cultivated with Helianthus tuberosus (a perennial plant belongs to the Asteraceae family) for two successive seasons (2014 and 2015) and the above-mentioned treatments were tested for their feasibilities in controlling S. rolfsii infection against the chemical fungicide "Vitavax-200" either solely or in combinations in a complete randomized block design. Inoculating plants with AMF or amending soils with either humic acid, Sulphex or ABZ solely increased significantly the activities of plant defense enzymes by approximately 1.5-2.1 folds higher than the control treatment. These treatments also improved NPK availability in soil and; hence, increased their contents within plant tubers. Consequently, these treatments decreased the disease incidence and severity caused by S. rolfsii while improved shoot biomass and tuber yield. In spite of that, these results stood below the prospective of the fungicide treatment. The integrated treatments i.e. "humic acid + AMF", "Sulphex + AMF" and "ABZ + AMF" caused further significant improvements in both NPK availabilities in soil and plant areal bio-masses. This probably induced further plant resistance against the investigated soil-borne pathogen while recorded insignificant variations in disease incidence and severity when compared with the fungicide treatment. Moreover, the integrated treatments increased the tuber yields beyond those attained for the fungicide treatment. Accordingly, such integrated strategies can completely substitute the chemical fungicides; thus, minimize their negative impacts on the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled E Eid
- Benha University, Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Pathology Department, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed H H Abbas
- Benha University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soils and Water Department, Egypt.
| | - Enas M Mekawi
- Benha University, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Biochemistry Department, Egypt
| | - Mahran M ElNagar
- Benha University, Faculty of Agriculture, Horticulture Department, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Abdelhafez
- Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science (SAAS) , China; The New Valley University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soils and Water Department, Egypt
| | - Basma H Amin
- Al- Azhar University, The Regional Centre for Mycology and Biotechnology (RCMB) , Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Mohamed
- Benha University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soils and Water Department, Egypt.
| | - Maha M Ali
- Benha University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soils and Water Department, Egypt
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75
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Zhang J, Lu Z, Pan Y, Ren T, Cong R, Lu J, Li X. Potassium deficiency aggravates yield loss in rice by restricting the translocation of non-structural carbohydrates under Sarocladium oryzae infection condition. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 167:352-364. [PMID: 30536828 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sheath rot disease (ShR) caused by Sarocladium oryzae (S. oryzae) infection is an emerging disease that causes severe yield loss by restricting the translocation of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC). Potassium (K) nutrition plays a critical role in disease resistance and the exportation of NSC. However, the physiological mechanisms of K with respect to ShR have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. The objectives of this study were to reveal the mechanisms by which K increases ShR resistance by regulating NSC translocation of rice, therefore, a field experiment combined with an inoculation experiment was conducted. We demonstrate that ShR disease incidence and disease index decreased dramatically with an increasing K application. K deficiency sharply induced the accumulation of NSC in the flag leaf (FL) and flag leaf sheath (FLS) under S. oryzae infection condition, which reduced the contribution of transferred NSC to final yield. A permutational multivariate analysis showed that K deficiency had a greater (49.0%, P < 0.001) effect on the NSC content variation in FL than that of S. oryzae infection (15.0%, P < 0.001). S. oryzae infection dramatically increased the difference in apparent transferred mass of NSC and cell membrane injury of diseased organs between K-deficient and K-sufficient rice. Finally, we demonstrate that cell membrane injury was a limiting factor imposed by K deficiency, which restricts the export of NSC from source organs. This work highlights the importance of K in improving ShR resistance by regulating NSC translocation (particularly the stem NSC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- Key Lab for Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yonghui Pan
- Key Lab for Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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76
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Granata MU, Bracco F, Catoni R, Cavalloro V, Martino E. Secondary metabolites profile and physiological leaf traits in wild and cultivated Corylus avellana under different nutritional status. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:3100-3107. [PMID: 31665919 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1682577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Leaf secondary metabolites production and physiological leaf traits were analyzed in Corylus avellana wild type (WT) and cultivar (cv. 'Tonda Gentile Trilobata', TGT) under different nutrient supplies. Three treatments were applied: control treatment with no fertilizer supply (WTC and TGTC), low nutrient treatment (WTLN and TGTLN) and high nutrient treatment (WTHN and TGTHN). The analysis of leaf extracts showed a higher concentration of Quercitrin and Myricitrin, with the highest concentrations of both the compounds in WT than TGT. This result can be related to the ecological role of flavonoids, including also antimicrobial properties, which resulted more useful in the understory forest form which hazelnut wild type originates. Therefore, their lower concentration in TGT can be relate to the genetic background of TGT cultivar with a lesser intrinsic need to produce such compounds and justified by a usual growth under more controlled environmental conditions, including also pest and disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Bracco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rosangela Catoni
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valeria Cavalloro
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Martino
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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77
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Sustr M, Soukup A, Tylova E. Potassium in Root Growth and Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E435. [PMID: 31652570 PMCID: PMC6843428 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Potassium is an essential macronutrient that has been partly overshadowed in root science by nitrogen and phosphorus. The current boom in potassium-related studies coincides with an emerging awareness of its importance in plant growth, metabolic functions, stress tolerance, and efficient agriculture. In this review, we summarized recent progress in understanding the role of K+ in root growth, development of root system architecture, cellular functions, and specific plant responses to K+ shortage. K+ transport is crucial for its physiological role. A wide range of K+ transport proteins has developed during evolution and acquired specific functions in plants. There is evidence linking K+ transport with cell expansion, membrane trafficking, auxin homeostasis, cell signaling, and phloem transport. This places K+ among important general regulatory factors of root growth. K+ is a rather mobile element in soil, so the absence of systemic and localized root growth response has been accepted. However, recent research confirms both systemic and localized growth response in Arabidopsis thaliana and highlights K+ uptake as a crucial mechanism for plant stress response. K+-related regulatory mechanisms, K+ transporters, K+ acquisition efficiency, and phenotyping for selection of K+ efficient plants/cultivars are highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Sustr
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Ales Soukup
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Edita Tylova
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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78
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Cabot C, Martos S, Llugany M, Gallego B, Tolrà R, Poschenrieder C. A Role for Zinc in Plant Defense Against Pathogens and Herbivores. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1171. [PMID: 31649687 PMCID: PMC6794951 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Pests and diseases pose a threat to food security, which is nowadays aggravated by climate change and globalization. In this context, agricultural policies demand innovative approaches to more effectively manage resources and overcome the ecological issues raised by intensive farming. Optimization of plant mineral nutrition is a sustainable approach to ameliorate crop health and yield. Zinc is a micronutrient essential for all living organisms with a key role in growth, development, and defense. Competition for Zn affects the outcome of the host-attacker interaction in both plant and animal systems. In this review, we provide a clear framework of the different strategies involving low and high Zn concentrations launched by plants to fight their enemies. After briefly introducing the most relevant macro- and micronutrients for plant defense, the functions of Zn in plant protection are summarized with special emphasis on superoxide dismutases (SODs) and zinc finger proteins. Following, we cover recent meaningful studies identifying Zn-related passive and active mechanisms for plant protection. Finally, Zn-based strategies evolved by pathogens and pests to counteract plant defenses are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Cabot
- Departament of Biology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | - Soledad Martos
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Llugany
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta Gallego
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Tolrà
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charlotte Poschenrieder
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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79
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Shen X, Yuan Y, Zhang H, Guo Y, Zhao Y, Li S, Kong F. The Hot QTL Locations for Potassium, Calcium, and Magnesium Nutrition and Agronomic Traits at Seedling and Maturity Stages of Wheat under Different Potassium Treatments. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10080607. [PMID: 31409015 PMCID: PMC6722954 DOI: 10.3390/genes10080607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium (K) is one of the most important mineral nutrients for wheat. In this study, the effects of low K (LK) treatments and the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for K, calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) use efficiency traits, both at the seedling and maturity stages of wheat, were investigated. The set of “Tainong 18 × Linmai 6” recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were used to identify the QTLs under different K treatments using hydroponic culture and field trials. The majority of K concentrations and content-related traits at seedling and maturity stages decreased with reduced K supply, but the K use efficiency-related traits increased. In contrast, with reduced K supply, the contents of Ca and Mg increased, while the Ca and Mg use efficiency decreased. A total of 217 QTLs for seedling traits and 89 QTLs for adult traits were detected. Four relatively high-frequency QTLs (RHF-QTLs) and 18 QTL clusters (colocation of QTLs for more than two traits) were detected. Eight clusters were detected for K-, Ca-, and Mg-related traits simultaneously. This means that these traits might be controlled by the same QTL. In addition, we highlight that 4B might be an important chromosome regulating the nutrition of K, Ca, and Mg in wheat. The 4B chromosome and four hot QTL clusters, which located 45 QTLs, might be important potential targets for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yapei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Ying Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Sishen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Fanmei Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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80
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Stable water and fertilizer supply by negative pressure irrigation improve tomato production and soil bacterial communities. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0719-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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81
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Songy A, Fernandez O, Clément C, Larignon P, Fontaine F. Grapevine trunk diseases under thermal and water stresses. PLANTA 2019; 249:1655-1679. [PMID: 30805725 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Heat and water stresses, individually or combined, affect both the plant (development, physiology, and production) and the pathogens (growth, morphology, dissemination, distribution, and virulence). The grapevine response to combined abiotic and biotic stresses is complex and cannot be inferred from the response to each single stress. Several factors might impact the response and the recovery of the grapevine, such as the intensity, duration, and timing of the stresses. In the heat/water stress-GTDs-grapevine interaction, the nature of the pathogens, and the host, i.e., the nature of the rootstock, the cultivar and the clone, has a great importance. This review highlights the lack of studies investigating the response to combined stresses, in particular molecular studies, and the misreading of the relationship between rootstock and scion in the relationship GTDs/abiotic stresses. Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are one of the biggest threats to vineyard sustainability in the next 30 years. Although many treatments and practices are used to manage GTDs, there has been an increase in the prevalence of these diseases due to several factors such as vineyard intensification, aging vineyards, or nursery practices. The ban of efficient treatments, i.e., sodium arsenite, carbendazim, and benomyl, in the early 2000s may be partly responsible for the fast spread of these diseases. However, GTD-associated fungi can act as endophytes for several years on, or inside the vine until the appearance of the first symptoms. This prompted several researchers to hypothesise that abiotic conditions, especially thermal and water stresses, were involved in the initiation of GTD symptoms. Unfortunately, the frequency of these abiotic conditions occurring is likely to increase according to the recent consensus scenario of climate change, especially in wine-growing areas. In this article, following a review on the impact of combined thermal and water stresses on grapevine physiology, we will examine (1) how this combination of stresses might influence the lifestyle of GTD pathogens, (2) learnings from grapevine field experiments and modelling aiming at studying biotic and abiotic stresses, and (3) what mechanistic concepts can be used to explain how these stresses might affect the grapevine plant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Songy
- SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes EA 4707, BP 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - O Fernandez
- SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes EA 4707, BP 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - C Clément
- SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes EA 4707, BP 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - P Larignon
- Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin Pôle Rhône-Méditerranée, France, 7 avenue Cazeaux, 30230, Rodilhan, France
| | - F Fontaine
- SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes EA 4707, BP 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France.
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82
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Pradit N, Mescher MC, Wang Y, Vorsa N, Rodriguez-Saona C. Phytoplasma Infection of Cranberries Benefits Non-vector Phytophagous Insects. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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83
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Zhang J, Pan Y, Li Y, Ren T, Cong R, Lu J, Li X. Low grain sink activity imposed by potassium deficiency aggravates loss in quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.) infected with natural sheath rot disease. J Cereal Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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84
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Dong X, Lv L, Wang W, Liu Y, Yin C, Xu Q, Yan H, Fu J, Liu X. Differences in Distribution of Potassium-Solubilizing Bacteria in Forest and Plantation Soils in Myanmar. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E700. [PMID: 30818756 PMCID: PMC6427479 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Potassium (K) has been recognized as an essential element in intensive agricultural production systems, and deficiency of K usually results in a decrease in crop yields. The utilization of potassium-solubilizing bacteria (KSB) to increase the soluble K content in soil has been regarded as a desirable pathway to increase plant yields. Following the inoculation of KSB in the soil, potassium can be released (in the form of K⁺) and consumed by plants. This study aims to investigate and compare the distribution characteristics of potassium-solubilizing bacteria between forest and plantation soils in Myanmar. In this study, 14 KSB strains were isolated from rhizosphere samples collected from forest soil, as well as fertilized rubber tree rhizosphere soil and fertilized bare soil from a plantation. Broadleaf forests with high levels of canopy cover mainly comprised the forest environment, and rubber trees were planted in the plantation environment. The Chao and abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE) indices showed that the microbial abundance of the plantation soil was higher than that of the forest soil. According to the Illumina MiSeq sequencing analysis results, the Shannon index of the forest soil was lower while the Simpson index was higher, which demonstrated that the microbial diversity of the forest soil was higher than that of the plantation soil. Potassium-solubilizing test results showed that the strains E, I, M, and N were the most effective KSB under liquid cultivation conditions. Additionally, KSB only accounted for less than 5.47% of the total bacteria detected in either of the sample types, and the distribution of dominant KSB varied with the soil samples. As another result, the abundance of Pseudomonas spp. in S1 was higher than in S2 and S3, indicating a negative impact on the growth of Pseudomonas in the fertilized rubber tree rhizosphere soil. The significance of our research is that it proves that the increasing use of KSB for restoring soil is a good way to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, which could further provide a relatively stable environment for plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dong
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Le Lv
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Weijun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yongzhi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Chunhua Yin
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qianqian Xu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Hai Yan
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jinxia Fu
- Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Xiaolu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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85
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Nieves-Cordones M, Ródenas R, Lara A, Martínez V, Rubio F. The combination of K + deficiency with other environmental stresses: What is the outcome? PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 165:264-276. [PMID: 30187486 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+ ) is a macronutrient known for its high mobility and positive charge, which allows efficient and fast control of the electrical balance and osmotic potential in plant cells. Such features allow K+ to remarkably contribute to plant stress adaptation. Some agricultural lands are deficient in K+ , imposing a stress that reduces crop yield and makes fertilization a common practice. However, individual stress conditions in the field are rare, and crops usually face a combination of different stresses. As plant response to a stress combination cannot always be deduced from individual stress action, it is necessary to gain insights into the specific mechanisms that connect K+ homeostasis with other stress effects to improve plant performance in the context of climate change. Surprisingly, plant responses to environmental stresses under a K+ -limiting scenario are poorly understood. In the present review, we summarize current knowledge and find substantial gaps regarding specific outcomes of K+ deficiency in addition to other environmental stresses. In this regard, combined nutrient deficiencies of K+ and other macronutrients are covered in the first part of the review and interactions arising from K+ deficiency with salinity, drought and biotic factors in the second part. Information available so far suggests a prominent role of potassium and nitrate transport systems and their regulatory proteins in the response of plants to several stress combinations. Thus, such molecular pathways, which are located at the crossroad between K+ homeostasis and environmental stresses, could be considered biotechnological targets in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reyes Ródenas
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Lara
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Rubio
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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86
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Siddique S, Mahmood R, Khan SN. Correlation of curd‐associated fungi with NPK and Na concentrations in cauliflower. J Food Saf 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Siddique
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Rashid Mahmood
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Salik Nawaz Khan
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
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87
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Davis JL, Armengaud P, Larson TR, Graham IA, White PJ, Newton AC, Amtmann A. Contrasting nutrient-disease relationships: Potassium gradients in barley leaves have opposite effects on two fungal pathogens with different sensitivities to jasmonic acid. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:2357-2372. [PMID: 29851096 PMCID: PMC6175101 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions between mineral nutrition and disease is essential for crop management. Our previous studies with Arabidopsis thaliana demonstrated that potassium (K) deprivation induced the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) and increased the plant's resistance to herbivorous insects. Here, we addressed the question of how tissue K affects the development of fungal pathogens and whether sensitivity of the pathogens to JA could play a role for the K-disease relationship in barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Optic). We report that K-deprived barley plants showed increased leaf concentrations of JA and other oxylipins. Furthermore, a natural tip-to-base K-concentration gradient within leaves of K-sufficient plants was quantitatively mirrored by the transcript levels of JA-responsive genes. The local leaf tissue K concentrations affected the development of two economically important fungi in opposite ways, showing a positive correlation with powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) and a negative correlation with leaf scald (Rhynchosporium commune) disease symptoms. B. graminis induced a JA response in the plant and was sensitive to methyl-JA treatment whereas R. commune initiated no JA response and was JA insensitive. Our study challenges the view that high K generally improves plant health and suggests that JA sensitivity of pathogens could be an important factor in determining the exact K-disease relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne L. Davis
- Plant Science Group, Institute for Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Ecological SciencesThe James Hutton InstituteDundeeUK
| | - Patrick Armengaud
- Plant Science Group, Institute for Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Tony R. Larson
- Department of Biology, Centre for Novel Agricultural ProductsUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Ian A. Graham
- Department of Biology, Centre for Novel Agricultural ProductsUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | | | | | - Anna Amtmann
- Plant Science Group, Institute for Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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88
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Chen X, Harrell D, Cox A, Davis JA. Effects of Potassium Fertilizer Rates on Soybean Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Development. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:1745-1750. [PMID: 29945213 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) has an important impact on physiological and biochemical processes in plants. Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, requires high K availability for optimal yield. However, changes in nutrient availability in plants may also affect herbivore population size and/or development. Soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the most destructive pests of soybean in the southern United States. In this study, we evaluated the effects of different K fertilization rates on soybean looper development, soybean seed weight, and soybean seed nutritional quality. Soybean plants were supplied with six different rates of K fertilizer (0, 33.6, 67.3, 100.9, 134.5, and 168.1 kg/ha as K2O). Soybean leaves were sampled at R1, R3, R5, and R6 stages and fed to soybean looper in laboratory bioassays. Soybean looper mortality, fecundity, and fertility were not significantly affected by feeding on leaf tissues of soybean treated with different potassium fertilizer rates. However, soybean looper consumed more leaf tissue and spent less time completing larval development when fed on foliage from treatments of 134.5 and 168.1 kg/ha. Pupal weight significantly increased at 134.5 and 168.1 kg/ha. There was no significant difference in percentage of protein, oil, and fiber in soybean seeds among six K fertilizer rates. Percentage of K in soybean seeds and 100 seed weight were significantly enhanced at 168.1 kg/ha. Nitrogen (N) content of foliage was not affected by applying K fertilizer at different rates. Our results indicate that higher K fertilizer rates can enhance soybean seed weight but also facilitate soybean looper development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chen
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Dustin Harrell
- Rice Research Station, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Rayne, LA
| | - Abigail Cox
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Jeffrey A Davis
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA
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89
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Weeraddana CDS, Evenden ML. Canola Nutrition and Variety Affect Oviposition and Offspring Performance in the Generalist Herbivore, Mamestra configurata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:1702-1710. [PMID: 29905809 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bertha armyworm Mamestra configurata Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a generalist herbivore that feeds on several crops in different plant families. Canola Brassica napus L. (Capparales: Brassicaceae) is one of the most favored host plants making the bertha armyworm a significant insect pest in the Canadian Prairie Provinces. The performance of the bertha armyworm on canola may vary with the quality of the canola plant. We tested the impact of plant nutrition and canola variety on oviposition and subsequent larval development of the bertha armyworm. A range of fertilization levels (0.0, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 g/pot) were applied to three different canola varieties: Clearfield 5535 CL, Roundup Ready hybrid 6060RR, and Q2. The total number of eggs laid on plants in a no-choice experiment increased with fertilizer level but a similar number of eggs were laid on plants that received moderate and high fertilizer treatments. Larvae reared on plants that received the moderate fertilizer application yielded heavier pupae than those reared on plants with low and high fertilizer treatments. Most eggs were laid on the Q2 variety when compared to Clearfield 5535 CL and Roundup Ready 6060 RR. Bertha armyworm females preferred to lay eggs on plants that received moderate or high fertilization over plants with the low fertilizer treatment. Plant leaf tissue nutrient content and plant growth were highest in plants that received moderate and high fertilizer treatment. We conclude that bertha armyworm oviposition behavior and larval performance are influenced by fertilizer treatment and canola variety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maya L Evenden
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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90
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Gao X, Zhang S, Zhao X, Wu Q. Potassium-induced plant resistance against soybean cyst nematode via root exudation of phenolic acids and plant pathogen-related genes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200903. [PMID: 30059518 PMCID: PMC6066213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is a severe soil borne disease. The control of this disease is still a worldwide problem in agriculture. In this study, we found that application of potassium (K) fertilizer could decrease the occurrence of SCN at two field sites. Furthermore, the application of K could suppress Heterodera glycines with the activation of Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL) and Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO) expression via pot experiments in a greenhouse. The release of cinnamic, ferulic and salicylic acids was significantly enhanced by K application of 3 mM, and each of three acids can dramatically constrain Heterodera glycines in vitro. This research indicated that K induce multiple mechanisms to improve the resistance of soybean against SCN and provide a new strategy to control SCN in fields with nutrient application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuxiang Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Zhao
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qihua Wu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Beijing, P. R. China
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91
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Shi X, Long Y, He F, Zhang C, Wang R, Zhang T, Wu W, Hao Z, Wang Y, Wang GL, Ning Y. The fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae suppresses innate immunity by modulating a host potassium channel. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006878. [PMID: 29385213 PMCID: PMC5809103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium (K+) is required by plants for growth and development, and also contributes to immunity against pathogens. However, it has not been established whether pathogens modulate host K+ signaling pathways to enhance virulence and subvert host immunity. Here, we show that the effector protein AvrPiz-t from the rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae targets a K+ channel to subvert plant immunity. AvrPiz-t interacts with the rice plasma-membrane-localized K+ channel protein OsAKT1 and specifically suppresses the OsAKT1-mediated K+ currents. Genetic and phenotypic analyses show that loss of OsAKT1 leads to decreased K+ content and reduced resistance against M. oryzae. Strikingly, AvrPiz-t interferes with the association of OsAKT1 with its upstream regulator, the cytoplasmic kinase OsCIPK23, which also plays a positive role in K+ absorption and resistance to M. oryzae. Furthermore, we show a direct correlation between blast disease resistance and external K+ status in rice plants. Together, our data present a novel mechanism by which a pathogen suppresses plant host immunity by modulating a host K+ channel. Plant nutritional status can greatly influence plant immunity in response to pathogen invasion. Rice blast, a devastating rice disease caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, causes a significant reduction in yield and affects food security. In this study, we demonstrate that the M. oryzae secreted protein AvrPiz-t interacts with rice OsAKT1, a potassium (K+) channel protein, and suppresses OsAKT1-mediated inward K+ currents, possibly by competing with the OsAKT1 upstream regulator, OsCIPK23. We also show that both OsAKT1 and OsCIPK23 are required for K+ uptake and resistance against M. oryzae infection in rice. This study provides new insights into the molecular basis of pathogen-mediated perturbation of a plant nutrition pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng He
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chongyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeyun Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (YW); (GLW); (YN)
| | - Guo-Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YW); (GLW); (YN)
| | - Yuese Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (YW); (GLW); (YN)
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92
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Zahoor R, Zhao W, Dong H, Snider JL, Abid M, Iqbal B, Zhou Z. Potassium improves photosynthetic tolerance to and recovery from episodic drought stress in functional leaves of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 119:21-32. [PMID: 28843133 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
To investigate whether potassium (K) application enhances the potential of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants to maintain physiological functions during drought and recovery, low K-sensitive (Siza 3) and -tolerant (Simian 3) cotton cultivars were exposed to three K rates (0, 150, and 300 K2O kg ha-1) and either well-watered conditions or severe drought stress followed by a recovery period. Under drought stress, cotton plants showed a substantial decline in leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and the maximum and actual quantum yield of PSII, resulting in greater non-photochemical quenching and lipid peroxidation as compared to well-watered plants. However, plants under K application not only showed less of a decline in these traits but also displayed greater potential to recover after rewatering as compared to the plants without K application. Plants receiving K application showed lower lipid peroxidation, higher antioxidant enzyme activities, and increased proline accumulation as compared to plants without K application. Significant relationships between rates of photosynthetic recovery and K application were observed. The cultivar Siza 3 exhibited a more positive response to K application than Simian 3. The results suggest that K application enhances the cotton plant's potential to maintain functionality under drought and facilitates recovery after rewatering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Zahoor
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Wenqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Haoran Dong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - John L Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton 31794, USA
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Babar Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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93
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Liang WW, Huang JH, Li CP, Yang LT, Ye X, Lin D, Chen LS. MicroRNA-mediated responses to long-term magnesium-deficiency in Citrus sinensis roots revealed by Illumina sequencing. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:657. [PMID: 28836935 PMCID: PMC5571589 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Magnesium (Mg)-deficiency occurs most frequently in strongly acidic, sandy soils. Citrus are grown mainly on acidic and strong acidic soils. Mg-deficiency causes poor fruit quality and low fruit yield in some Citrus orchards. For the first time, we investigated Mg-deficiency-responsive miRNAs in ‘Xuegan’ (Citrus sinensis) roots using Illumina sequencing in order to obtain some miRNAs presumably responsible for Citrus Mg-deficiency tolerance. Results We obtained 101 (69) miRNAs with increased (decreased) expression from Mg-starved roots. Our results suggested that the adaptation of Citrus roots to Mg-deficiency was related to the several aspects: (a) inhibiting root respiration and related gene expression via inducing miR158 and miR2919; (b) enhancing antioxidant system by down-regulating related miRNAs (miR780, miR6190, miR1044, miR5261 and miR1151) and the adaptation to low-phosphorus (miR6190); (c) activating transport-related genes by altering the expression of miR6190, miR6485, miR1044, miR5029 and miR3437; (d) elevating protein ubiquitination due to decreased expression levels of miR1044, miR5261, miR1151 and miR5029; (e) maintaining root growth by regulating miR5261, miR6485 and miR158 expression; and (f) triggering DNA repair (transcription regulation) by regulating miR5176 and miR6485 (miR6028, miR6190, miR6485, miR5621, miR160 and miR7708) expression. Mg-deficiency-responsive miRNAs involved in root signal transduction also had functions in Citrus Mg-deficiency tolerance. Conclusions We obtained several novel Mg-deficiency-responsive miRNAs (i.e., miR5261, miR158, miR6190, miR6485, miR1151 and miR1044) possibly contributing to Mg-deficiency tolerance. These results revealed some novel clues on the miRNA-mediated adaptation to nutrient deficiencies in higher plants. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3999-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Liang
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jing-Hao Huang
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Pomological Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Chun-Ping Li
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lin-Tong Yang
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Dan Lin
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Li-Song Chen
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,The Higher Educational Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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94
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Brader G, Compant S, Vescio K, Mitter B, Trognitz F, Ma LJ, Sessitsch A. Ecology and Genomic Insights into Plant-Pathogenic and Plant-Nonpathogenic Endophytes. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2017; 55:61-83. [PMID: 28489497 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants are colonized on their surfaces and in the rhizosphere and phyllosphere by a multitude of different microorganisms and are inhabited internally by endophytes. Most endophytes act as commensals without any known effect on their plant host, but multiple bacteria and fungi establish a mutualistic relationship with plants, and some act as pathogens. The outcome of these plant-microbe interactions depends on biotic and abiotic environmental factors and on the genotype of the host and the interacting microorganism. In addition, endophytic microbiota and the manifold interactions between members, including pathogens, have a profound influence on the function of the system plant and the development of pathobiomes. In this review, we elaborate on the differences and similarities between nonpathogenic and pathogenic endophytes in terms of host plant response, colonization strategy, and genome content. We furthermore discuss environmental effects and biotic interactions within plant microbiota that influence pathogenesis and the pathobiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Brader
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Stéphane Compant
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Kathryn Vescio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003;
| | - Birgit Mitter
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Friederike Trognitz
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Li-Jun Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003;
| | - Angela Sessitsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003;
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95
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Hosseini SA, Maillard A, Hajirezaei MR, Ali N, Schwarzenberg A, Jamois F, Yvin JC. Induction of Barley Silicon Transporter HvLsi1 and HvLsi2, increased silicon concentration in the shoot and regulated Starch and ABA Homeostasis under Osmotic stress and Concomitant Potassium Deficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1359. [PMID: 28824688 PMCID: PMC5541011 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the major stress factors reducing cereal production worldwide. There is ample evidence that the mineral nutrient status of plants plays a critical role in increasing plant tolerance to different biotic and abiotic stresses. In this regard, the important role of various nutrients e.g., potassium (K) or silicon (Si) in the mitigation of different stress factors, such as drought, heat or frost has been well documented. Si application has been reported to ameliorate plant nutrient deficiency. Here, we used K and Si either solely or in combination to investigate whether an additive positive effect on barley growth can be achieved under osmotic stress and which mechanisms contribute to a better tolerance to osmotic stress. To achieve this goal, barley plants were subjected to polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced osmotic stress under low or high K supply and two Si regimes. The results showed that barley silicon transporters HvLsi1 and HvLsi2 regulate the accumulation of Si in the shoot only when plant suffered from K deficiency. Si, in turn, increased the starch level under both osmotic stress and K deficiency and modulated the glycolytic and TCA pathways. Hormone profiling revealed that the beneficial effect of Si is most likely mediated also by ABA homeostasis and active cytokinin isopentenyl adenine (iP). We conclude that Si may effectively improve stress tolerance under K deficient condition in particular when additional stress like osmotic stress interferes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed A Hosseini
- Plant Nutrition Department, Centre Mondial de I'lnnovation RoullierSaint Malo, France
| | - Anne Maillard
- Plant Nutrition Department, Centre Mondial de I'lnnovation RoullierSaint Malo, France
| | - Mohammad R Hajirezaei
- Molecular Plant Nutrition Group, Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant ResearchGatersleben, Germany
| | - Nusrat Ali
- Plant Nutrition Department, Centre Mondial de I'lnnovation RoullierSaint Malo, France
| | - Adrian Schwarzenberg
- Plant Nutrition Department, Centre Mondial de I'lnnovation RoullierSaint Malo, France
| | - Frank Jamois
- Plant Nutrition Department, Centre Mondial de I'lnnovation RoullierSaint Malo, France
| | - Jean-Claude Yvin
- Plant Nutrition Department, Centre Mondial de I'lnnovation RoullierSaint Malo, France
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96
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Rashid MM, Ahmed N, Jahan M, Islam KS, Nansen C, Willers JL, Ali MP. Higher Fertilizer Inputs Increase Fitness Traits of Brown Planthopper in Rice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4719. [PMID: 28680158 PMCID: PMC5498570 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the primary staple food source for more than half of the world's population. In many developing countries, increased use of fertilizers is a response to increase demand for rice. In this study, we investigated the effects of three principal fertilizer components (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) on the development of potted rice plants and their effects on fitness traits of the brown planthopper (BPH) [Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Homoptera: Delphacidae)], which is a major pest of rice in Bangladesh and elsewhere. Compared to low fertilizer inputs, high fertilizer treatments induced plant growth but also favored BPH development. The BPH had higher survival, developed faster, and the intrinsic rate of natural increase (r m ) was higher on well-fertilized than under-fertilized plants. Among the fertilizer inputs, nitrogen had the strongest effect on the fitness traits of BPH. Furthermore, both the "Plant vigor hypothesis" and the "Plant stress hypothesis" were supported by the results, the former hypothesis more so than the latter. These hypotheses suggest that the most suitable/attractive hosts for insect herbivores are the most vigorous plants. Our findings emphasized that an exclusive focus on yield increases through only enhanced crop fertilization may have unforeseen, indirect, effects on crop susceptibility to pests, such as BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Rashid
- Plant Physiology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh
| | - N Ahmed
- Entomology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh
| | - M Jahan
- Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - K S Islam
- Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - C Nansen
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Briggs Hall, Room 367, Davis, CA, USA.,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - J L Willers
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Insect Management Research Unit, 141 Experiment Station Road, P.O. Box 346, Stoneville, MS, 38776, USA.
| | - M P Ali
- Entomology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh.
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98
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Sklodowski K, Riedelsberger J, Raddatz N, Riadi G, Caballero J, Chérel I, Schulze W, Graf A, Dreyer I. The receptor-like pseudokinase MRH1 interacts with the voltage-gated potassium channel AKT2. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44611. [PMID: 28300158 PMCID: PMC5353636 DOI: 10.1038/srep44611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The potassium channel AKT2 plays important roles in phloem loading and unloading. It can operate as inward-rectifying channel that allows H+-ATPase-energized K+ uptake. Moreover, through reversible post-translational modifications it can also function as an open, K+-selective channel, which taps a 'potassium battery', providing additional energy for transmembrane transport processes. Knowledge about proteins involved in the regulation of the operational mode of AKT2 is very limited. Here, we employed a large-scale yeast two-hybrid screen in combination with fluorescence tagging and null-allele mutant phenotype analysis and identified the plasma membrane localized receptor-like kinase MRH1/MDIS2 (AT4G18640) as interaction partner of AKT2. The phenotype of the mrh1-1 knockout plant mirrors that of akt2 knockout plants in energy limiting conditions. Electrophysiological analyses showed that MRH1/MDIS2 failed to exert any functional regulation on AKT2. Using structural protein modeling approaches, we instead gathered evidence that the putative kinase domain of MRH1/MDIS2 lacks essential sites that are indispensable for a functional kinase suggesting that MRH1/MDIS2 is a pseudokinase. We propose that MRH1/MDIS2 and AKT2 are likely parts of a bigger protein complex. MRH1 might help to recruit other, so far unknown partners, which post-translationally regulate AKT2. Additionally, MRH1 might be involved in the recognition of chemical signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Sklodowski
- Heisenberg Group of Biophysics and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Molecular Biology, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biology, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Janin Riedelsberger
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Natalia Raddatz
- Plant Biophysics, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Instituto de Biología Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Riadi
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Julio Caballero
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Isabelle Chérel
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique U386, Montpellier SupAgro, Université Montpellier II, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France
| | - Waltraud Schulze
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alexander Graf
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ingo Dreyer
- Heisenberg Group of Biophysics and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Molecular Biology, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Plant Biophysics, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
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99
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Garcia-Molina A, Altmann M, Alkofer A, Epple PM, Dangl JL, Falter-Braun P. LSU network hubs integrate abiotic and biotic stress responses via interaction with the superoxide dismutase FSD2. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1185-1197. [PMID: 28207043 PMCID: PMC5441861 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In natural environments, plants often experience different stresses simultaneously, and adverse abiotic conditions can weaken the plant immune system. Interactome mapping revealed that the LOW SULPHUR UPREGULATED (LSU) proteins are hubs in an Arabidopsis protein interaction network that are targeted by virulence effectors from evolutionarily diverse pathogens. Here we show that LSU proteins are up-regulated in several abiotic and biotic stress conditions, such as nutrient depletion or salt stress, by both transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. Interference with LSU expression prevents chloroplastic reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and proper stomatal closure during sulphur stress. We demonstrate that LSU1 interacts with the chloroplastic superoxide dismutase FSD2 and stimulates its enzymatic activity in vivo and in vitro. Pseudomonas syringae virulence effectors interfere with this interaction and preclude re-localization of LSU1 to chloroplasts. We demonstrate that reduced LSU levels cause a moderately enhanced disease susceptibility in plants exposed to abiotic stresses such as nutrient deficiency, high salinity, or heavy metal toxicity, whereas LSU1 overexpression confers significant disease resistance in several of these conditions. Our data suggest that the network hub LSU1 plays an important role in co-ordinating plant immune responses across a spectrum of abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Garcia-Molina
- Technische Universität München (TUM), School for Life Sciences Weihenstephan (WZW), Plant Systems Biology, Emil-Ramann-Straße, 4, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Melina Altmann
- Technische Universität München (TUM), School for Life Sciences Weihenstephan (WZW), Plant Systems Biology, Emil-Ramann-Straße, 4, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Angela Alkofer
- Technische Universität München (TUM), School for Life Sciences Weihenstephan (WZW), Plant Systems Biology, Emil-Ramann-Straße, 4, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Petra M Epple
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeffery L Dangl
- BASF Plant Science LP, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Pascal Falter-Braun
- Institute of Network Biology (INET), Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU), German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Microbe-Host Interactions, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU Munich), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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Almuziny M, Decker C, Wang D, Gerard P, Tharayil N. Nutrient Supply and Simulated Herbivory Differentially Alter the Metabolite Pools and the Efficacy of the Glucosinolate-Based Defense System in Brassica Species. J Chem Ecol 2017; 43:129-142. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-016-0811-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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