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Unadkat P, Fumagalli L, Rigolo L, Vangel MG, Young GS, Huang R, Mukundan S, Golby A, Tie Y. Functional MRI Task Comparison for Language Mapping in Neurosurgical Patients. J Neuroimaging 2019; 29:348-356. [PMID: 30648771 PMCID: PMC6506353 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Language task-based functional MRI (fMRI) is increasingly used for presurgical planning in patients with brain lesions. Different paradigms elicit activations of different components of the language network. The aim of this study is to optimize fMRI clinical usage by comparing the effectiveness of three language tasks for language lateralization and localization in a large group of patients with brain lesions. METHODS We analyzed fMRI data from a sequential retrospective cohort of 51 patients with brain lesions who underwent presurgical fMRI language mapping. We compared the effectiveness of three language tasks (Antonym Generation, Sentence Completion (SC), and Auditory Naming) for lateralizing language function and for activating cortex within patient-specific regions-of-interest representing eloquent language areas, and assessed the degree of spatial overlap of the areas of activation elicited by each task. RESULTS The tasks were similarly effective for lateralizing language within the anterior language areas. The SC task produced higher laterality indices within the posterior language areas and had a significantly higher agreement with the clinical report. Dice coefficients between the task pairs were in the range of .351-.458, confirming substantial variation in the components of the language network activated by each task. CONCLUSIONS SC task consistently produced large activations within the dominant hemisphere and was more effective for lateralizing language within the posterior language areas. The low degree of spatial overlap among the tasks strongly supports the practice of using a battery of tasks to help the surgeon to avoid eloquent language areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Rigolo
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (PU, LF, LR, AG, YT); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (PU, MGV, GSY, RH, SM, AG); School of Medicine and Surgery, Universitá degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (LF); and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (MGV)
| | - Mark G. Vangel
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (PU, LF, LR, AG, YT); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (PU, MGV, GSY, RH, SM, AG); School of Medicine and Surgery, Universitá degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (LF); and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (MGV)
| | - Geoffrey S. Young
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (PU, LF, LR, AG, YT); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (PU, MGV, GSY, RH, SM, AG); School of Medicine and Surgery, Universitá degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (LF); and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (MGV)
| | - Raymond Huang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (PU, LF, LR, AG, YT); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (PU, MGV, GSY, RH, SM, AG); School of Medicine and Surgery, Universitá degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (LF); and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (MGV)
| | - Srinivasan Mukundan
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (PU, LF, LR, AG, YT); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (PU, MGV, GSY, RH, SM, AG); School of Medicine and Surgery, Universitá degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (LF); and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (MGV)
| | - Alexandra Golby
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (PU, LF, LR, AG, YT); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (PU, MGV, GSY, RH, SM, AG); School of Medicine and Surgery, Universitá degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (LF); and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (MGV)
| | - Yanmei Tie
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (PU, LF, LR, AG, YT); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (PU, MGV, GSY, RH, SM, AG); School of Medicine and Surgery, Universitá degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (LF); and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (MGV)
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Smitha KA, Arun KM, Rajesh PG, Thomas B, Radhakrishnan A, Sarma PS, Kesavadas C. Resting fMRI as an alternative for task-based fMRI for language lateralization in temporal lobe epilepsy patients: a study using independent component analysis. Neuroradiology 2019; 61:803-810. [PMID: 31020344 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-019-02209-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our aim is to investigate whether rs-fMRI can be used as an effective technique to study language lateralization. We aim to find out the most appropriate language network among different networks identified using ICA. METHODS Fifteen healthy right-handed subjects, sixteen left, and sixteen right temporal lobe epilepsy patients prospectively underwent MR scanning in 3T MRI (GE Discovery™ MR750w), using optimized imaging protocol. We obtained task-fMRI data using a visual-verb generation paradigm. Rs-fMRI and language-fMRI analysis were conducted using FSL software. Independent component analysis (ICA) was used to estimate rs-fMRI networks. Dice coefficient was calculated to examine the similarity in activated voxels of a common language template and the rs-fMRI language networks. Laterality index (LI) was calculated from the task-based language activation and rs-fMRI language network, for a range of LI thresholds at different z scores. RESULTS Measurement of hemispheric language dominance with rs-fMRI was highly concordant with task-fMRI results. Among the evaluated z scores for a range of LI thresholds, rs-fMRI yielded a maximum accuracy of 95%, a sensitivity of 83%, and specificity of 92.8% for z = 2 at 0.05 LI threshold. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that rs-fMRI networks obtained using ICA technique can be used as an alternative for task-fMRI language laterality. The novel aspect of the work is suggestive of optimal thresholds while applying rs-fMRI, is an important endeavor given that many patients with epilepsy have co-morbid cognitive deficits. Thus, an accurate method to determine language laterality without requiring a patient to complete the language task would be advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Smitha
- Department of Imaging Sciences and Interventional Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - K M Arun
- Department of Imaging Sciences and Interventional Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - P G Rajesh
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Bejoy Thomas
- Department of Imaging Sciences and Interventional Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Ashalatha Radhakrishnan
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - P Sankara Sarma
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - C Kesavadas
- Department of Imaging Sciences and Interventional Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695011, India.
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Woodhead ZVJ, Bradshaw AR, Wilson AC, Thompson PA, Bishop DVM. Testing the unitary theory of language lateralization using functional transcranial Doppler sonography in adults. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:181801. [PMID: 31032035 PMCID: PMC6458414 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Hemispheric dominance for language can vary from task to task, but it is unclear if this reflects error of measurement or independent lateralization of different language systems. We used functional transcranial Doppler sonography to assess language lateralization within the middle cerebral artery territory in 37 adults (seven left-handers) on six tasks, each given on two occasions. Tasks taxed different aspects of language function. A pre-registered structural equation analysis was used to compare models of means and covariances. For most people, a single lateralized factor explained most of the covariance between tasks. A minority, however, showed dissociation of asymmetry, giving a second factor. This was mostly derived from a receptive task, which was highly reliable but not lateralized. The results suggest that variation in the strength of language lateralization reflects true individual differences and not just error of measurement. The inclusion of several tasks in a laterality battery makes it easier to detect cases of atypical asymmetry.
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Yen M, DeMarco AT, Wilson SM. Adaptive paradigms for mapping phonological regions in individual participants. Neuroimage 2019; 189:368-379. [PMID: 30665008 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phonological encoding depends on left-lateralized regions in the supramarginal gyrus and the ventral precentral gyrus. Localization of these phonological regions in individual participants-including individuals with language impairments-is important in several research and clinical contexts. To localize these regions, we developed two paradigms that load on phonological encoding: a rhyme judgment task and a syllable counting task. Both paradigms relied on an adaptive staircase design to ensure that each individual performed each task at a similarly challenging level. The goal of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the two paradigms, in terms of their ability to consistently produce left-lateralized activations of the supramarginal gyrus and ventral precentral gyrus in neurologically normal individuals with presumptively normal language localization. Sixteen participants were scanned with fMRI as they performed the rhyme judgment paradigm, the syllable counting paradigm, and an adaptive semantic paradigm that we have described previously. We found that the rhyme and syllable paradigms both yielded left-lateralized supramarginal and ventral precentral activations in the majority of participants. The rhyme paradigm produced more lateralized and more reliable activations, and so should be favored in future applications. In contrast, the semantic paradigm did not reveal supramarginal or precentral activations in most participants, suggesting that the recruitment of these regions is indeed driven by phonological encoding, not language processing in general. In sum, the adaptive rhyme judgment paradigm was effective in localizing left-lateralized phonological encoding regions in individual participants, and, in conjunction with the adaptive semantic paradigm, can be used to map individual language networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melodie Yen
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Andrew T DeMarco
- Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stephen M Wilson
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Sepeta LN, Berl MM, Gaillard WD. Imaging episodic memory during development and childhood epilepsy. J Neurodev Disord 2018; 10:40. [PMID: 30541437 PMCID: PMC6292091 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-018-9255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy affects 2.2 million adults in the USA, with 1 in 26 people developing epilepsy at some point in their lives. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of focal epilepsy as medial structures, and the hippocampus in particular, are prone to generating seizures. Selective anterior temporal resection (which removes the hippocampus) is the most effective intractable TLE treatment, but given the critical role of the mesial temporal lobe in memory functioning, resection can have negative effects on this crucial cognitive skill. To minimize the adverse impact of temporal lobe surgery on memory functioning, reliable pre-surgical guides are needed. Clinical functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides reliable, noninvasive guidance of language functioning and plays a growing role in the pre-surgical evaluation for epilepsy patients; however, localization of memory function in children with epilepsy using fMRI has not been established. Aside from the lack of neuroimaging memory studies in children with TLE, studies of typical development are limited. This review will focus on the functional anatomy of memory systems throughout development, with a focus on TLE. TLE provides the ideal model from which to understand memory function and the limits of plasticity and compensation/reorganization throughout development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh N. Sepeta
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, D.C., 20010 USA
- Clinical Epilepsy Section, National Institutes for Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Madison M. Berl
- Clinical Epilepsy Section, National Institutes for Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - William Davis Gaillard
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, D.C., 20010 USA
- Clinical Epilepsy Section, National Institutes for Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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Bartha‐Doering L, Kollndorfer K, Kasprian G, Novak A, Schuler A, Fischmeister FPS, Alexopoulos J, Gaillard WD, Prayer D, Seidl R, Berl MM. Weaker semantic language lateralization associated with better semantic language performance in healthy right-handed children. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e01072. [PMID: 30298640 PMCID: PMC6236252 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The relationship between language abilities and language lateralization in the developing brain is important for our understanding of the neural architecture of language development. METHODS We investigated 35 right-handed children and adolescents aged 7-16 years with a functional magnetic resonance imaging language paradigm and a comprehensive language and verbal memory examination. RESULTS We found that less lateralized language was significantly correlated with better language performance across areas of the brain and across different language tasks. Less lateralized language in the overall brain was associated with better in-scanner task accuracy on a semantic language decision task and out-of-scanner vocabulary and verbal fluency. Specifically, less lateralized frontal lobe language dominance was associated with better in-scanner task accuracy and out-of-scanner verbal fluency. Furthermore, less lateralized parietal language was associated with better out-of-scanner verbal memory across learning, short- and long-delay trials. In contrast, we did not find any relationship between temporal lobe language laterality and verbal performance. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that semantic language performance is better with some involvement of the nondominant hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bartha‐Doering
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Kathrin Kollndorfer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Gregor Kasprian
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Astrid Novak
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Anna‐Lisa Schuler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Johanna Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychoanalysis and PsychotherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - William Davis Gaillard
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral HealthChildren's National Health System (CNHS)WashingtonDCUSA
| | - Daniela Prayer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Rainer Seidl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Madison M. Berl
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral HealthChildren's National Health System (CNHS)WashingtonDCUSA
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Weiss Y, Cweigenberg HG, Booth JR. Neural specialization of phonological and semantic processing in young children. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:4334-4348. [PMID: 29956400 PMCID: PMC6261343 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine early specialization of brain regions for phonological and semantic processing of spoken language in young children. Thirty-five typically developing children aged from 5 to 6 years performed auditory phonological (same sound judgment) and semantic (related meaning judgment) word-level tasks. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined specialization within the language network, by conducting three levels of analysis. First, we directly compared activation between tasks and found a greater sound judgment as compared to meaning judgment activation in left superior temporal gyrus (STG) and supramarginal gyrus. In contrast, greater meaning judgment as compared to sound judgment task activation was found in left middle temporal gyrus (MTG). Second, we examined the brain-behavior correlations and found that phonological skill was correlated with the task difference in activation in left superior temporal sulcus, whereas semantic skill was correlated with the task difference in activation in left MTG. Third, we compared between two experimental conditions within each task and found a parametric effect in left STG for the sound judgment task, and a parametric effect in left MTG for the meaning judgment task. The results of this study indicate that, by the age of 5-6 years, typically developing children already show some specialization of temporo-parietal brain regions for phonological and semantic processes. However, there were no task differences in the left inferior frontal gyrus suggesting that the frontal cortex may not yet be specialized in this age range, which is consistent with the delayed maturation of the frontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Weiss
- Department of Psychology, Children's Research CenterUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexas
| | - Hannah G. Cweigenberg
- Department of Psychology, Children's Research CenterUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexas
| | - James R. Booth
- Department of Psychology and Human DevelopmentVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
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Schmid E, Thomschewski A, Taylor A, Zimmermann G, Kirschner M, Kobulashvili T, Brigo F, Rados M, Helmstaedter C, Braun K, Trinka E. Diagnostic accuracy of functional magnetic resonance imaging, Wada test, magnetoencephalography, and functional transcranial Doppler sonography for memory and language outcome after epilepsy surgery: A systematic review. Epilepsia 2018; 59:2305-2317. [PMID: 30374948 DOI: 10.1111/epi.14588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The European Union-funded E-PILEPSY project was launched to develop guidelines and recommendations for epilepsy surgery. In this systematic review, we aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), Wada test, magnetoencephalography (MEG), and functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD) for memory and language decline after surgery. METHODS The literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL. The diagnostic accuracy was expressed in terms of sensitivity and specificity for postoperative language or memory decline, as determined by pre- and postoperative neuropsychological assessments. If two or more estimates of sensitivity or specificity were extracted from a study, two meta-analyses were conducted, using the maximum ("best case") and the minimum ("worst case") of the extracted estimates, respectively. RESULTS Twenty-eight papers were eligible for data extraction and further analysis. All tests for heterogeneity were highly significant, indicating large between-study variability (P < 0.001). For memory outcomes, meta-analyses were conducted for Wada tests (n = 17) using both memory and language laterality quotients. In the best case, meta-analyses yielded a sensitivity estimate of 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.67-0.92) and a specificity estimate of 0.65 (95% CI = 0.47-0.83). For the worst case, meta-analyses yielded a sensitivity estimate of 0.65 (95% CI = 0.48-0.82) and a specificity estimate of 0.46 (95% CI = 0.28-0.65). The overall quality of evidence, which was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology, was rated as very low. Meta-analyses concerning diagnostic accuracy of fMRI, fTCD, and MEG were not feasible due to small numbers of studies (fMRI, n = 4; fTCD, n = 1; MEG, n = 0). This also applied to studies concerning language outcomes (Wada test, n = 6; fMRI, n = 2; fTCD, n = 1; MEG, n = 0). SIGNIFICANCE Meta-analyses could only be conducted in a few subgroups for the Wada test with low-quality evidence. Thus, more evidence from high-quality studies and improved data reporting are required. Moreover, the large between-study heterogeneity underlines the necessity for more homogeneous and thus comparable studies in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Schmid
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Psychology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Aljoscha Thomschewski
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Psychology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexandra Taylor
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Psychology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Georg Zimmermann
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Mathematics, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Margarita Kirschner
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Teia Kobulashvili
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Francesco Brigo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Neurology, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, Merano, Italy
| | - Matea Rados
- Department of Child Neurology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kees Braun
- Department of Child Neurology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eugen Trinka
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
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Woodhead ZV, Rutherford HA, Bishop DV. Measurement of language laterality using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound: a comparison of different tasks. Wellcome Open Res 2018; 3:104. [PMID: 30345386 PMCID: PMC6171558 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14720.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Relative blood flow in the two middle cerebral arteries can be measured using functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD) to give an index of lateralisation as participants perform a specific task. Language laterality has mostly been studied with fTCD using a word generation task, but it is not clear whether this is optimal. Methods: Using fTCD, we evaluated a sentence generation task that has shown good reliability and strong left lateralisation in fMRI. We interleaved trials of word generation, sentence generation and list generation and assessed agreement of these tasks in 31 participants (29 right-handers). Results: Although word generation and sentence generation both gave robust left-lateralisation, Bland-Altman analysis showed that these two methods were not equivalent. The comparison list generation task was not systematically lateralised, but nevertheless laterality indices (LIs) from this task were significantly correlated with the other two tasks. Subtracting list generation LI from sentence generation LI did not affect the strength of the laterality index. Conclusions: This was a pre-registered methodological study designed to explore novel approaches to optimising measurement of language lateralisation using fTCD. It confirmed that sentence generation gives robust left lateralisation in most people, but is not equivalent to the classic word generation task. Although list generation does not show left-lateralisation at the group level, the LI on this task was correlated with left-lateralised tasks. This suggests that word and sentence generation involve adding a constant directional bias to an underlying continuum of laterality that is reliable in individuals but not biased in either direction. In future research we suggest that consistency of laterality across tasks might have more functional significance than strength or direction of laterality on any one task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe V.J. Woodhead
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Wilson SM, Yen M, Eriksson DK. An adaptive semantic matching paradigm for reliable and valid language mapping in individuals with aphasia. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:3285-3307. [PMID: 29665223 PMCID: PMC6045968 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on neuroplasticity in recovery from aphasia depends on the ability to identify language areas of the brain in individuals with aphasia. However, tasks commonly used to engage language processing in people with aphasia, such as narrative comprehension and picture naming, are limited in terms of reliability (test-retest reproducibility) and validity (identification of language regions, and not other regions). On the other hand, paradigms such as semantic decision that are effective in identifying language regions in people without aphasia can be prohibitively challenging for people with aphasia. This paper describes a new semantic matching paradigm that uses an adaptive staircase procedure to present individuals with stimuli that are challenging yet within their competence, so that language processing can be fully engaged in people with and without language impairments. The feasibility, reliability and validity of the adaptive semantic matching paradigm were investigated in sixteen individuals with chronic post-stroke aphasia and fourteen neurologically normal participants, in comparison to narrative comprehension and picture naming paradigms. All participants succeeded in learning and performing the semantic paradigm. Test-retest reproducibility of the semantic paradigm in people with aphasia was good (Dice coefficient = 0.66), and was superior to the other two paradigms. The semantic paradigm revealed known features of typical language organization (lateralization; frontal and temporal regions) more consistently in neurologically normal individuals than the other two paradigms, constituting evidence for validity. In sum, the adaptive semantic matching paradigm is a feasible, reliable and valid method for mapping language regions in people with aphasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Wilson
- Department of Hearing and Speech SciencesVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennessee
| | - Melodie Yen
- Department of Hearing and Speech SciencesVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennessee
| | - Dana K. Eriksson
- Department of SpeechLanguage, and Hearing Sciences, University of ArizonaTucsonArizona
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Benjamin CFA, Li AX, Blumenfeld H, Constable RT, Alkawadri R, Bickel S, Helmstaedter C, Meletti S, Bronen R, Warfield SK, Peters JM, Reutens D, Połczyńska M, Spencer DD, Hirsch LJ. Presurgical language fMRI: Clinical practices and patient outcomes in epilepsy surgical planning. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:2777-2785. [PMID: 29528160 PMCID: PMC6033659 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to document current clinical practice and report patient outcomes in presurgical language functional MRI (fMRI) for epilepsy surgery. Epilepsy surgical programs worldwide were surveyed as to the utility, implementation, and efficacy of language fMRI in the clinic; 82 programs responded. Respondents were predominantly US (61%) academic programs (85%), and evaluated adults (44%), adults and children (40%), or children only (16%). Nearly all (96%) reported using language fMRI. Surprisingly, fMRI is used to guide surgical margins (44% of programs) as well as lateralize language (100%). Sites using fMRI for localization most often use a distance margin around activation of 10mm. While considered useful, 56% of programs reported at least one instance of disagreement with other measures. Direct brain stimulation typically confirmed fMRI findings (74%) when guiding margins, but instances of unpredicted decline were reported by 17% of programs and 54% reported unexpected preservation of function. Programs reporting unexpected decline did not clearly differ from those which did not. Clinicians using fMRI to guide surgical margins do not typically map known language-critical areas beyond Broca's and Wernicke's. This initial data shows many clinical teams are confident using fMRI not only for language lateralization but also to guide surgical margins. Reported cases of unexpected language preservation when fMRI activation is resected, and cases of language decline when it is not, emphasize a critical need for further validation. Comprehensive studies comparing commonly-used fMRI paradigms to predict stimulation mapping and post-surgical language decline remain of high importance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexa X. Li
- Quinnipiac University School of Medicine, 370 Bassett RdNorth HavenCTUSA
| | - Hal Blumenfeld
- Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar AveNew HavenCTUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefano Meletti
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Università, 4ModenaMOItaly
| | - Richard Bronen
- Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar AveNew HavenCTUSA
| | | | | | - David Reutens
- The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLDAustralia
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New (fMRI) Versus Old (Direct Cortical Stimulation) Technology: Which Is Prime Time for Language Mapping? Epilepsy Curr 2017; 17:221-222. [PMID: 29225524 DOI: 10.5698/1535-7597.17.4.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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63
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Griffis JC, Nenert R, Allendorfer JB, Szaflarski JP. Linking left hemispheric tissue preservation to fMRI language task activation in chronic stroke patients. Cortex 2017; 96:1-18. [PMID: 28961522 PMCID: PMC5675757 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The preservation of near-typical function in distributed brain networks is associated with less severe deficits in chronic stroke patients. However, it remains unclear how task-evoked responses in networks that support complex cognitive functions such as semantic processing relate to the post-stroke brain anatomy. Here, we used recently developed methods for the analysis of multimodal MRI data to investigate the relationship between regional tissue concentration and functional MRI activation evoked during auditory semantic decisions in a sample of 43 chronic left hemispheric stroke patients and 43 age, handedness, and sex-matched controls. Our analyses revealed that closer-to-normal levels of tissue concentration in left temporo-parietal cortex and the underlying white matter correlated with the level of task-evoked activation in distributed regions associated with the semantic network. This association was not attributable to the effects of left hemispheric lesion or brain volumes, and similar results were obtained when using explicit lesion data. Left temporo-parietal tissue concentration and the associated task-evoked activations predicted patient performance on the in-scanner task, and also predicted patient performance on out-of-scanner naming and verbal fluency tasks. Exploratory analyses using the average HCP-842 tractography dataset revealed the presence of fronto-temporal, fronto-parietal, and temporo-parietal semantic network connections in the locations where tissue concentration was found to correlate with task-evoked activation in the semantic network. In summary, our results link the preservation of left posterior temporo-parietal structures with the preservation of task-evoked semantic network function in chronic left hemispheric stroke patients. Speculatively, this relationship may reflect the status of posterior temporo-parietal areas as cortical and white matter convergence zones that support coordinated processing in the distributed semantic network. Damage to these regions may contribute to atypical task-evoked responses during semantic processing in chronic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Griffis
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychology, USA.
| | - Rodolphe Nenert
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Neurology, USA
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64
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Bradshaw AR, Thompson PA, Wilson AC, Bishop DV, Woodhead ZV. Measuring language lateralisation with different language tasks: a systematic review. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3929. [PMID: 29085748 PMCID: PMC5659218 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Language lateralisation refers to the phenomenon in which one hemisphere (typically the left) shows greater involvement in language functions than the other. Measurement of laterality is of interest both to researchers investigating the neural organisation of the language system and to clinicians needing to establish an individual's hemispheric dominance for language prior to surgery, as in patients with intractable epilepsy. Recently, there has been increasing awareness of the possibility that different language processes may develop hemispheric lateralisation independently, and to varying degrees. However, it is not always clear whether differences in laterality across language tasks with fMRI are reflective of meaningful variation in hemispheric lateralisation, or simply of trivial methodological differences between paradigms. This systematic review aims to assess different language tasks in terms of the strength, reliability and robustness of the laterality measurements they yield with fMRI, to look at variability that is both dependent and independent of aspects of study design, such as the baseline task, region of interest, and modality of the stimuli. Recommendations are made that can be used to guide task design; however, this review predominantly highlights that the current high level of methodological variability in language paradigms prevents conclusions as to how different language functions may lateralise independently. We conclude with suggestions for future research using tasks that engage distinct aspects of language functioning, whilst being closely matched on non-linguistic aspects of task design (e.g., stimuli, task timings etc); such research could produce more reliable and conclusive insights into language lateralisation. This systematic review was registered as a protocol on Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/5vmpt/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R. Bradshaw
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A. Thompson
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander C. Wilson
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dorothy V.M. Bishop
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe V.J. Woodhead
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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65
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Tryfon A, Foster NEV, Sharda M, Hyde KL. Speech perception in autism spectrum disorder: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Behav Brain Res 2017; 338:118-127. [PMID: 29074403 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often characterized by atypical language profiles and auditory and speech processing. These can contribute to aberrant language and social communication skills in ASD. The study of the neural basis of speech perception in ASD can serve as a potential neurobiological marker of ASD early on, but mixed results across studies renders it difficult to find a reliable neural characterization of speech processing in ASD. To this aim, the present study examined the functional neural basis of speech perception in ASD versus typical development (TD) using an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of 18 qualifying studies. The present study included separate analyses for TD and ASD, which allowed us to examine patterns of within-group brain activation as well as both common and distinct patterns of brain activation across the ASD and TD groups. Overall, ASD and TD showed mostly common brain activation of speech processing in bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG) and left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). However, the results revealed trends for some distinct activation in the TD group showing additional activation in higher-order brain areas including left superior frontal gyrus (SFG), left medial frontal gyrus (MFG), and right IFG. These results provide a more reliable neural characterization of speech processing in ASD relative to previous single neuroimaging studies and motivate future work to investigate how these brain signatures relate to behavioral measures of speech processing in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Tryfon
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research (BRAMS), Pavillon 1420 Mont-Royal, Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, McIntyre Medical Building, McGill University, 3655 Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Nicholas E V Foster
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research (BRAMS), Pavillon 1420 Mont-Royal, Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Megha Sharda
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research (BRAMS), Pavillon 1420 Mont-Royal, Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Krista L Hyde
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research (BRAMS), Pavillon 1420 Mont-Royal, Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, McIntyre Medical Building, McGill University, 3655 Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
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66
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Castellano A, Cirillo S, Bello L, Riva M, Falini A. Functional MRI for Surgery of Gliomas. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2017; 19:34. [PMID: 28831723 DOI: 10.1007/s11940-017-0469-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Advanced neuroimaging techniques such as functional MRI (fMRI) and diffusion MR tractography have been increasingly used at every stage of the surgical management of brain gliomas, as a means to improve tumor resection while preserving brain functions. This review provides an overview of the last advancements in the field of functional MRI techniques, with a particular focus on their current clinical use and reliability in the preoperative and intraoperative setting, as well as their future perspectives for personalized multimodal management of patients with gliomas. RECENT FINDINGS fMRI and diffusion MR tractography give relevant insights on the anatomo-functional organization of eloquent cortical areas and subcortical connections near or inside a tumor. Task-based fMRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography have proven to be valid and highly sensitive tools for localizing the distinct eloquent cortical and subcortical areas before surgery in glioma patients; they also show good accuracy when compared with intraoperative stimulation mapping data. Resting-state fMRI functional connectivity as well as new advanced HARDI (high angular resolution diffusion imaging) tractography methods are improving and reshaping the role of functional MRI for surgery of gliomas, with potential benefit for personalized treatment strategies. Noninvasive functional MRI techniques may offer the opportunity to perform a multimodal assessment in brain tumors, to be integrated with intraoperative mapping and clinical data for improving surgical management and oncological and functional outcome in patients affected by gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Castellano
- Neuroradiology Unit and CERMAC, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58-60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Sara Cirillo
- Neuroradiology Unit and CERMAC, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58-60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bello
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Oncological Neurosurgery, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Riva
- Unit of Oncological Neurosurgery, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Falini
- Neuroradiology Unit and CERMAC, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58-60, 20132, Milan, Italy
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67
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Kwok VPY, Dan G, Yakpo K, Matthews S, Fox PT, Li P, Tan LH. A Meta-Analytic Study of the Neural Systems for Auditory Processing of Lexical Tones. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:375. [PMID: 28798670 PMCID: PMC5526909 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural systems of lexical tone processing have been studied for many years. However, previous findings have been mixed with regard to the hemispheric specialization for the perception of linguistic pitch patterns in native speakers of tonal language. In this study, we performed two activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses, one on neuroimaging studies of auditory processing of lexical tones in tonal languages (17 studies), and the other on auditory processing of lexical information in non-tonal languages as a control analysis for comparison (15 studies). The lexical tone ALE analysis showed significant brain activations in bilateral inferior prefrontal regions, bilateral superior temporal regions and the right caudate, while the control ALE analysis showed significant cortical activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus and left temporo-parietal regions. However, we failed to obtain significant differences from the contrast analysis between two auditory conditions, which might be caused by the limited number of studies available for comparison. Although the current study lacks evidence to argue for a lexical tone specific activation pattern, our results provide clues and directions for future investigations on this topic, more sophisticated methods are needed to explore this question in more depth as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica P Y Kwok
- Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of NeuroscienceShenzhen, China
| | - Guo Dan
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Detection and Ultrasound ImagingShenzhen, China
| | - Kofi Yakpo
- Department of Linguistics, School of Humanities, University of Hong KongHong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Stephen Matthews
- Department of Linguistics, School of Humanities, University of Hong KongHong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Peter T Fox
- Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of NeuroscienceShenzhen, China.,Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhen, China.,Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan Antonio, TX, United States.,South Texas Veterans Health Care SystemSan Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Ping Li
- Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of NeuroscienceShenzhen, China.,Department of Psychology, and Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition, Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park, PA, United States
| | - Li-Hai Tan
- Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of NeuroscienceShenzhen, China.,Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Detection and Ultrasound ImagingShenzhen, China
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68
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Benjamin CF, Walshaw PD, Hale K, Gaillard WD, Baxter LC, Berl MM, Polczynska M, Noble S, Alkawadri R, Hirsch LJ, Constable RT, Bookheimer SY. Presurgical language fMRI: Mapping of six critical regions. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:4239-4255. [PMID: 28544168 PMCID: PMC5518223 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Language mapping is a key goal in neurosurgical planning. fMRI mapping typically proceeds with a focus on Broca's and Wernicke's areas, although multiple other language‐critical areas are now well‐known. We evaluated whether clinicians could use a novel approach, including clinician‐driven individualized thresholding, to reliably identify six language regions, including Broca's Area, Wernicke's Area (inferior, superior), Exner's Area, Supplementary Speech Area, Angular Gyrus, and Basal Temporal Language Area. We studied 22 epilepsy and tumor patients who received Wada and fMRI (age 36.4[12.5]; Wada language left/right/mixed in 18/3/1). fMRI tasks (two × three tasks) were analyzed by two clinical neuropsychologists who flexibly thresholded and combined these to identify the six regions. The resulting maps were compared to fixed threshold maps. Clinicians generated maps that overlapped significantly, and were highly consistent, when at least one task came from the same set. Cases diverged when clinicians prioritized different language regions or addressed noise differently. Language laterality closely mirrored Wada data (85% accuracy). Activation consistent with all six language regions was consistently identified. In blind review, three external, independent clinicians rated the individualized fMRI language maps as superior to fixed threshold maps; identified the majority of regions significantly more frequently; and judged language laterality to mirror Wada lateralization more often. These data provide initial validation of a novel, clinician‐based approach to localizing language cortex. They also demonstrate clinical fMRI is superior when analyzed by an experienced clinician and that when fMRI data is of low quality judgments of laterality are unreliable and should be withheld. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4239–4255, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Benjamin
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Patricia D Walshaw
- UCLA Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kayleigh Hale
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Washington, DC
| | - William D Gaillard
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | - Leslie C Baxter
- Department of Neuroimaging Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Madison M Berl
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | - Monika Polczynska
- UCLA Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, California.,Faculty of English, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Stephanie Noble
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rafeed Alkawadri
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lawrence J Hirsch
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - R Todd Constable
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Susan Y Bookheimer
- UCLA Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, California
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69
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Sontheimer A, Vassal F, Jean B, Feschet F, Lubrano V, Lemaire JJ. fMRI study of graduated emotional charge for detection of covert activity using passive listening to narratives. Neuroscience 2017; 349:291-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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70
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Venezia JH, Vaden KI, Rong F, Maddox D, Saberi K, Hickok G. Auditory, Visual and Audiovisual Speech Processing Streams in Superior Temporal Sulcus. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:174. [PMID: 28439236 PMCID: PMC5383672 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The human superior temporal sulcus (STS) is responsive to visual and auditory information, including sounds and facial cues during speech recognition. We investigated the functional organization of STS with respect to modality-specific and multimodal speech representations. Twenty younger adult participants were instructed to perform an oddball detection task and were presented with auditory, visual, and audiovisual speech stimuli, as well as auditory and visual nonspeech control stimuli in a block fMRI design. Consistent with a hypothesized anterior-posterior processing gradient in STS, auditory, visual and audiovisual stimuli produced the largest BOLD effects in anterior, posterior and middle STS (mSTS), respectively, based on whole-brain, linear mixed effects and principal component analyses. Notably, the mSTS exhibited preferential responses to multisensory stimulation, as well as speech compared to nonspeech. Within the mid-posterior and mSTS regions, response preferences changed gradually from visual, to multisensory, to auditory moving posterior to anterior. Post hoc analysis of visual regions in the posterior STS revealed that a single subregion bordering the mSTS was insensitive to differences in low-level motion kinematics yet distinguished between visual speech and nonspeech based on multi-voxel activation patterns. These results suggest that auditory and visual speech representations are elaborated gradually within anterior and posterior processing streams, respectively, and may be integrated within the mSTS, which is sensitive to more abstract speech information within and across presentation modalities. The spatial organization of STS is consistent with processing streams that are hypothesized to synthesize perceptual speech representations from sensory signals that provide convergent information from visual and auditory modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth I Vaden
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC, USA
| | - Feng Rong
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Engineering, University of CaliforniaIrvine, CA, USA
| | - Dale Maddox
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Engineering, University of CaliforniaIrvine, CA, USA
| | - Kourosh Saberi
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Engineering, University of CaliforniaIrvine, CA, USA
| | - Gregory Hickok
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Engineering, University of CaliforniaIrvine, CA, USA
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71
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Austermuehle A, Cocjin J, Reynolds R, Agrawal S, Sepeta L, Gaillard WD, Zaghloul K, Inati S, Theodore WH. Language functional MRI and direct cortical stimulation in epilepsy preoperative planning. Ann Neurol 2017; 81:526-537. [PMID: 28220524 PMCID: PMC5401636 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Presurgical language assessment can help minimize damage to eloquent cortex during resective epilepsy surgery. Two methods for presurgical language mapping are functional MRI (fMRI) and direct cortical stimulation (DCS) of implanted subdural electrodes. We compared fMRI results to DCS to help optimize noninvasive language localization and assess its validity. METHODS We studied 19 patients referred for presurgical evaluation of drug-resistant epilepsy. Patients completed four language tasks during preoperative fMRI. After subdural electrode implantation, we used DCS to localize language areas. For each stimulation site, we determined whether language positive electrode pairs intersected with significant fMRI activity clusters for language tasks. RESULTS Sensitivity and specificity depended on electrode region of interest radii and statistical thresholding. For patients with at least one language positive stimulation site, an auditory description decision task provided the best trade-off between sensitivity and specificity. For patients with no language positive stimulation sites, fMRI was a dependable method of excluding eloquent language processing. INTERPRETATION Language fMRI is an effective tool for determining language lateralization before electrode implantation and is especially useful for excluding unexpected critical language areas. It can help guide subdural electrode implantation and narrow the search for eloquent cortical areas by DCS. Ann Neurol 2017;81:526-537.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Austermuehle
- Clinical Epilepsy Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
| | - John Cocjin
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
| | - Richard Reynolds
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, National Institute of Mental Health
| | - Shubhi Agrawal
- Clinical Epilepsy Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
| | - Leigh Sepeta
- Clinical Epilepsy Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
| | - William D. Gaillard
- Clinical Epilepsy Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
| | - Kareem Zaghloul
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
| | - Sara Inati
- Electroencephalography Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
| | - William H. Theodore
- Clinical Epilepsy Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
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72
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Griffis JC, Nenert R, Allendorfer JB, Szaflarski JP. Damage to white matter bottlenecks contributes to language impairments after left hemispheric stroke. Neuroimage Clin 2017; 14:552-565. [PMID: 28337410 PMCID: PMC5350568 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Damage to the white matter underlying the left posterior temporal lobe leads to deficits in multiple language functions. The posterior temporal white matter may correspond to a bottleneck where both dorsal and ventral language pathways are vulnerable to simultaneous damage. Damage to a second putative white matter bottleneck in the left deep prefrontal white matter involving projections associated with ventral language pathways and thalamo-cortical projections has recently been proposed as a source of semantic deficits after stroke. Here, we first used white matter atlases to identify the previously described white matter bottlenecks in the posterior temporal and deep prefrontal white matter. We then assessed the effects of damage to each region on measures of verbal fluency, picture naming, and auditory semantic decision-making in 43 chronic left hemispheric stroke patients. Damage to the posterior temporal bottleneck predicted deficits on all tasks, while damage to the anterior bottleneck only significantly predicted deficits in verbal fluency. Importantly, the effects of damage to the bottleneck regions were not attributable to lesion volume, lesion loads on the tracts traversing the bottlenecks, or damage to nearby cortical language areas. Multivariate lesion-symptom mapping revealed additional lesion predictors of deficits. Post-hoc fiber tracking of the peak white matter lesion predictors using a publicly available tractography atlas revealed evidence consistent with the results of the bottleneck analyses. Together, our results provide support for the proposal that spatially specific white matter damage affecting bottleneck regions, particularly in the posterior temporal lobe, contributes to chronic language deficits after left hemispheric stroke. This may reflect the simultaneous disruption of signaling in dorsal and ventral language processing streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Griffis
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Rodolphe Nenert
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Neurology, United States
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73
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DeMarco AT, Wilson SM, Rising K, Rapcsak SZ, Beeson PM. Neural substrates of sublexical processing for spelling. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2017; 164:118-128. [PMID: 27838547 PMCID: PMC5179287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We used fMRI to examine the neural substrates of sublexical phoneme-grapheme conversion during spelling in a group of healthy young adults. Participants performed a writing-to-dictation task involving irregular words (e.g., choir), plausible nonwords (e.g., kroid), and a control task of drawing familiar geometric shapes (e.g., squares). Written production of both irregular words and nonwords engaged a left-hemisphere perisylvian network associated with reading/spelling and phonological processing skills. Effects of lexicality, manifested by increased activation during nonword relative to irregular word spelling, were noted in anterior perisylvian regions (posterior inferior frontal gyrus/operculum/precentral gyrus/insula), and in left ventral occipito-temporal cortex. In addition to enhanced neural responses within domain-specific components of the language network, the increased cognitive demands associated with spelling nonwords engaged domain-general frontoparietal cortical networks involved in selective attention and executive control. These results elucidate the neural substrates of sublexical processing during written language production and complement lesion-deficit correlation studies of phonological agraphia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen M Wilson
- University of Arizona, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, United States
| | | | - Steven Z Rapcsak
- University of Arizona, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, United States; Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Pélagie M Beeson
- University of Arizona, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, United States
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74
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Griffis JC, Nenert R, Allendorfer JB, Vannest J, Holland S, Dietz A, Szaflarski JP. The canonical semantic network supports residual language function in chronic post-stroke aphasia. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 38:1636-1658. [PMID: 27981674 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Current theories of language recovery after stroke are limited by a reliance on small studies. Here, we aimed to test predictions of current theory and resolve inconsistencies regarding right hemispheric contributions to long-term recovery. We first defined the canonical semantic network in 43 healthy controls. Then, in a group of 43 patients with chronic post-stroke aphasia, we tested whether activity in this network predicted performance on measures of semantic comprehension, naming, and fluency while controlling for lesion volume effects. Canonical network activation accounted for 22%-33% of the variance in language test scores. Whole-brain analyses corroborated these findings, and revealed a core set of regions showing positive relationships to all language measures. We next evaluated the relationship between activation magnitudes in left and right hemispheric portions of the network, and characterized how right hemispheric activation related to the extent of left hemispheric damage. Activation magnitudes in each hemispheric network were strongly correlated, but four right frontal regions showed heightened activity in patients with large lesions. Activity in two of these regions (inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis and supplementary motor area) was associated with better language abilities in patients with larger lesions, but poorer language abilities in patients with smaller lesions. Our results indicate that bilateral language networks support language processing after stroke, and that right hemispheric activations related to extensive left hemispheric damage occur outside of the canonical semantic network and differentially relate to behavior depending on the extent of left hemispheric damage. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1636-1658, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Griffis
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rodolphe Nenert
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jane B Allendorfer
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Scott Holland
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Aimee Dietz
- University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jerzy P Szaflarski
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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75
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Piervincenzi C, Petrilli A, Marini A, Caulo M, Committeri G, Sestieri C. Multimodal assessment of hemispheric lateralization for language and its relevance for behavior. Neuroimage 2016; 142:351-370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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76
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Lima CF, Krishnan S, Scott SK. Roles of Supplementary Motor Areas in Auditory Processing and Auditory Imagery. Trends Neurosci 2016; 39:527-542. [PMID: 27381836 PMCID: PMC5441995 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the supplementary and pre-supplementary motor areas have been intensely investigated in relation to their motor functions, they are also consistently reported in studies of auditory processing and auditory imagery. This involvement is commonly overlooked, in contrast to lateral premotor and inferior prefrontal areas. We argue here for the engagement of supplementary motor areas across a variety of sound categories, including speech, vocalizations, and music, and we discuss how our understanding of auditory processes in these regions relate to findings and hypotheses from the motor literature. We suggest that supplementary and pre-supplementary motor areas play a role in facilitating spontaneous motor responses to sound, and in supporting a flexible engagement of sensorimotor processes to enable imagery and to guide auditory perception. Hearing and imagining sounds–including speech, vocalizations, and music–can recruit SMA and pre-SMA, which are normally discussed in relation to their motor functions. Emerging research indicates that individual differences in the structure and function of SMA and pre-SMA can predict performance in auditory perception and auditory imagery tasks. Responses during auditory processing primarily peak in pre-SMA and in the boundary area between pre-SMA and SMA. This boundary area is crucially involved in the control of speech and vocal production, suggesting that sounds engage this region in an effector-specific manner. Activating sound-related motor representations in SMA and pre-SMA might facilitate behavioral responses to sounds. This might also support a flexible generation of sensory predictions based on previous experience to enable imagery and guide perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- César F Lima
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Saloni Krishnan
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sophie K Scott
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.
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77
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Exploring the role of the posterior middle temporal gyrus in semantic cognition: Integration of anterior temporal lobe with executive processes. Neuroimage 2016; 137:165-177. [PMID: 27236083 PMCID: PMC4927261 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Making sense of the world around us depends upon selectively retrieving information relevant to our current goal or context. However, it is unclear whether selective semantic retrieval relies exclusively on general control mechanisms recruited in demanding non-semantic tasks, or instead on systems specialised for the control of meaning. One hypothesis is that the left posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG) is important in the controlled retrieval of semantic (not non-semantic) information; however this view remains controversial since a parallel literature links this site to event and relational semantics. In a functional neuroimaging study, we demonstrated that an area of pMTG implicated in semantic control by a recent meta-analysis was activated in a conjunction of (i) semantic association over size judgements and (ii) action over colour feature matching. Under these circumstances the same region showed functional coupling with the inferior frontal gyrus — another crucial site for semantic control. Structural and functional connectivity analyses demonstrated that this site is at the nexus of networks recruited in automatic semantic processing (the default mode network) and executively demanding tasks (the multiple-demand network). Moreover, in both task and task-free contexts, pMTG exhibited functional properties that were more similar to ventral parts of inferior frontal cortex, implicated in controlled semantic retrieval, than more dorsal inferior frontal sulcus, implicated in domain-general control. Finally, the pMTG region was functionally correlated at rest with other regions implicated in control-demanding semantic tasks, including inferior frontal gyrus and intraparietal sulcus. We suggest that pMTG may play a crucial role within a large-scale network that allows the integration of automatic retrieval in the default mode network with executively-demanding goal-oriented cognition, and that this could support our ability to understand actions and non-dominant semantic associations, allowing semantic retrieval to be ‘shaped’ to suit a task or context. Posterior middle temporal gyrus supports semantic control and event semantics. pMTG is at nexus of the default mode and multiple-demand networks. It links anterior temporal and prefrontal regions for representation and control. pMTG connects with inferior frontal gyrus during tasks and at rest. These sites form a semantic control network distinct from executive control.
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78
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Validity and reliability of four language mapping paradigms. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2016; 16:399-408. [PMID: 28879081 PMCID: PMC5574842 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Language areas of the brain can be mapped in individual participants with functional MRI. We investigated the validity and reliability of four language mapping paradigms that may be appropriate for individuals with acquired aphasia: sentence completion, picture naming, naturalistic comprehension, and narrative comprehension. Five neurologically normal older adults were scanned on each of the four paradigms on four separate occasions. Validity was assessed in terms of whether activation patterns reflected the known typical organization of language regions, that is, lateralization to the left hemisphere, and involvement of the left inferior frontal gyrus and the left middle and/or superior temporal gyri. Reliability (test-retest reproducibility) was quantified in terms of the Dice coefficient of similarity, which measures overlap of activations across time points. We explored the impact of different absolute and relative voxelwise thresholds, a range of cluster size cutoffs, and limitation of analyses to a priori potential language regions. We found that the narrative comprehension and sentence completion paradigms offered the best balance of validity and reliability. However, even with optimal combinations of analysis parameters, there were many scans on which known features of typical language organization were not demonstrated, and test-retest reproducibility was only moderate for realistic parameter choices. These limitations in terms of validity and reliability may constitute significant limitations for many clinical or research applications that depend on identifying language regions in individual participants. Validity and reliability were investigated for four language mapping paradigms. Narrative comprehension and sentence completion paradigms performed best. Lateralization to the left hemisphere was not always apparent. Test-retest reproducibility was only moderate.
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79
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Branco P, Seixas D, Deprez S, Kovacs S, Peeters R, Castro SL, Sunaert S. Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Language Preoperative Planning. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:11. [PMID: 26869899 PMCID: PMC4740781 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a well-known non-invasive technique for the study of brain function. One of its most common clinical applications is preoperative language mapping, essential for the preservation of function in neurosurgical patients. Typically, fMRI is used to track task-related activity, but poor task performance and movement artifacts can be critical limitations in clinical settings. Recent advances in resting-state protocols open new possibilities for pre-surgical mapping of language potentially overcoming these limitations. To test the feasibility of using resting-state fMRI instead of conventional active task-based protocols, we compared results from fifteen patients with brain lesions while performing a verb-to-noun generation task and while at rest. Task-activity was measured using a general linear model analysis and independent component analysis (ICA). Resting-state networks were extracted using ICA and further classified in two ways: manually by an expert and by using an automated template matching procedure. The results revealed that the automated classification procedure correctly identified language networks as compared to the expert manual classification. We found a good overlay between task-related activity and resting-state language maps, particularly within the language regions of interest. Furthermore, resting-state language maps were as sensitive as task-related maps, and had higher specificity. Our findings suggest that resting-state protocols may be suitable to map language networks in a quick and clinically efficient way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Branco
- Center for Psychology and Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Seixas
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Porto UniversityPorto, Portugal; Department of Imaging, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/EspinhoVila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Sabine Deprez
- Translational MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven - University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium; Department of Radiology, University Hospitals LeuvenLeuven, Belgium; Medical Imaging Research Center, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven - University Hospitals LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Silvia Kovacs
- Translational MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven - University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium; Department of Radiology, University Hospitals LeuvenLeuven, Belgium; Medical Imaging Research Center, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven - University Hospitals LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Ronald Peeters
- Translational MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven - University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium; Department of Radiology, University Hospitals LeuvenLeuven, Belgium; Medical Imaging Research Center, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven - University Hospitals LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - São L Castro
- Center for Psychology and Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto Porto, Portugal
| | - Stefan Sunaert
- Translational MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven - University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium; Department of Radiology, University Hospitals LeuvenLeuven, Belgium; Medical Imaging Research Center, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven - University Hospitals LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
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80
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Default network activation during episodic and semantic memory retrieval: A selective meta-analytic comparison. Neuropsychologia 2016; 80:35-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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81
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Lopes TM, Yasuda CL, Campos BMD, Balthazar MLF, Binder JR, Cendes F. Effects of task complexity on activation of language areas in a semantic decision fMRI protocol. Neuropsychologia 2015; 81:140-148. [PMID: 26721760 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Language tasks used for clinical fMRI studies may be too complex for some patients with cognitive impairments, and "easier" versions are sometimes substituted, though the effects on brain activity of such changes in task complexity are largely unknown. To investigate these differences, we compared two versions of an fMRI language comprehension protocol, with different levels of difficulty, in 24 healthy right-handed adults. The protocol contrasted an auditory word comprehension task (semantic decision) with a nonspeech control task using tone sequences (tone decision). In the "complex" version (CV), the semantic decision task required two complex semantic decisions for each word, and the tone decision task required the participant to count the number of target tones in each sequence. In the "easy" version (EV), the semantic task required only a single easier decision, and the tone task required only detection of the presence or absence of a target tone in each sequence. The protocols were adapted for a Brazilian population. Typical left hemisphere language lateralization was observed in 92% of participants for both CV and EV using the whole-brain lateralization index, and typical language lateralization was also observed for others regions of interest. Task performance was superior on the EV compared to the CV (p=0.014). There were many common areas of activation across the two version; however, the CV produced greater activation in the left superior and middle frontal giri, angular gyrus, and left posterior cingulate gyrus compared to the EV, the majority of which are areas previously identified with language and semantic processing. The EV produced stronger activation only in a small area in the posterior middle temporal gyrus. These results reveal differences between two versions of the protocol and provide evidence that both are useful for language lateralization and worked well for Brazilian population. The complex version produces stronger activation in several nodes of the semantic network and therefore is elected for participants who can perform well these tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey R Binder
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Fernando Cendes
- Department of Neurology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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82
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Gao Q, Wang J, Yu C, Chen H. Effect of handedness on brain activity patterns and effective connectivity network during the semantic task of Chinese characters. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18262. [PMID: 26666706 PMCID: PMC4678893 DOI: 10.1038/srep18262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing efforts have been denoted to elucidating the effective connectivity (EC) among brain regions recruited by certain language task; however, it remains unclear the impact of handedness on the EC network underlying language processing. In particularly, this has not been investigated in Chinese language, which shows several differences from alphabetic language. This study thereby explored the functional activity patterns and the EC network during a Chinese semantic task based on functional MRI data of healthy left handers (LH) and right handers (RH). We found that RH presented a left lateralized activity pattern in cerebral cortex and a right lateralized pattern in cerebellum; while LH were less lateralized than RH in both cerebral and cerebellar areas. The conditional Granger causality method in deconvolved BOLD level further demonstrated more interhemispheric directional connections in LH than RH group, suggesting better bihemispheric coordination and increased interhemispheric communication in LH. Furthermore, we found significantly increased EC from right middle occipital gyrus to bilateral insula (INS) while decreased EC from left INS to left precentral gyrus in LH group comparing to RH group, implying that handedness may differentiate the causal relationship of information processing in integration of visual-spatial analysis and semantic word retrieval of Chinese characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Gao
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Junping Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Chunshui Yu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Huafu Chen
- Key laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
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83
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Wang D, Buckner RL, Fox MD, Holt DJ, Holmes AJ, Stoecklein S, Langs G, Pan R, Qian T, Li K, Baker JT, Stufflebeam SM, Wang K, Wang X, Hong B, Liu H. Parcellating cortical functional networks in individuals. Nat Neurosci 2015; 18:1853-60. [PMID: 26551545 PMCID: PMC4661084 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The capacity to identify the unique functional architecture of an individual's brain is a crucial step toward personalized medicine and understanding the neural basis of variation in human cognition and behavior. Here we developed a cortical parcellation approach to accurately map functional organization at the individual level using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A population-based functional atlas and a map of inter-individual variability were employed to guide the iterative search for functional networks in individual subjects. Functional networks mapped by this approach were highly reproducible within subjects and effectively captured the variability across subjects, including individual differences in brain lateralization. The algorithm performed well across different subject populations and data types, including task fMRI data. The approach was then validated by invasive cortical stimulation mapping in surgical patients, suggesting potential for use in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhong Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Randy L. Buckner
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael D. Fox
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daphne J. Holt
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Avram J. Holmes
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sophia Stoecklein
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Institute of Clinical Radiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Langs
- Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ruiqi Pan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Tianyi Qian
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Siemens Healthcare, MR Collaboration NE Asia, Beijing, China
| | - Kuncheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Justin T. Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Steven M. Stufflebeam
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Hong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hesheng Liu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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84
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Roux FE, Minkin K, Durand JB, Sacko O, Réhault E, Tanova R, Démonet JF. Electrostimulation mapping of comprehension of auditory and visual words. Cortex 2015; 71:398-408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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85
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Tie Y, Rigolo L, Ozdemir Ovalioglu A, Olubiyi O, Doolin KL, Mukundan S, Golby AJ. A New Paradigm for Individual Subject Language Mapping: Movie-Watching fMRI. J Neuroimaging 2015; 25:710-20. [PMID: 25962953 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional MRI (fMRI) based on language tasks has been used in presurgical language mapping in patients with lesions in or near putative language areas. However, if patients have difficulty performing the tasks due to neurological deficits, it leads to unreliable or noninterpretable results. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of using a movie-watching fMRI for language mapping. METHODS A 7-minute movie clip with contrasting speech and nonspeech segments was shown to 22 right-handed healthy subjects. Based on all subjects' language functional regions-of-interest, 6 language response areas were defined, within which a language response model (LRM) was derived by extracting the main temporal activation profile. Using a leave-one-out procedure, individuals' language areas were identified as the areas that expressed highly correlated temporal responses with the LRM derived from an independent group of subjects. RESULTS Compared with an antonym generation task-based fMRI, the movie-watching fMRI generated language maps with more localized activations in the left frontal language area, larger activations in the left temporoparietal language area, and significant activations in their right-hemisphere homologues. Results of 2 brain tumor patients' movie-watching fMRI using the LRM derived from the healthy subjects indicated its ability to map putative language areas; while their task-based fMRI maps were less robust and noisier. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that it is feasible to use this novel "task-free" paradigm as a complementary tool for fMRI language mapping when patients cannot perform the tasks. Its deployment in more neurosurgical patients and validation against gold-standard techniques need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Rigolo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Departments of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aysegul Ozdemir Ovalioglu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Neurosurgery Department, Haseki Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Kelly L Doolin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Srinivasan Mukundan
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra J Golby
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Departments of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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86
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Skipper JI. Echoes of the spoken past: how auditory cortex hears context during speech perception. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 369:20130297. [PMID: 25092665 PMCID: PMC4123676 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
What do we hear when someone speaks and what does auditory cortex (AC) do with that sound? Given how meaningful speech is, it might be hypothesized that AC is most active when other people talk so that their productions get decoded. Here, neuroimaging meta-analyses show the opposite: AC is least active and sometimes deactivated when participants listened to meaningful speech compared to less meaningful sounds. Results are explained by an active hypothesis-and-test mechanism where speech production (SP) regions are neurally re-used to predict auditory objects associated with available context. By this model, more AC activity for less meaningful sounds occurs because predictions are less successful from context, requiring further hypotheses be tested. This also explains the large overlap of AC co-activity for less meaningful sounds with meta-analyses of SP. An experiment showed a similar pattern of results for non-verbal context. Specifically, words produced less activity in AC and SP regions when preceded by co-speech gestures that visually described those words compared to those words without gestures. Results collectively suggest that what we ‘hear’ during real-world speech perception may come more from the brain than our ears and that the function of AC is to confirm or deny internal predictions about the identity of sounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy I Skipper
- Department of Cognitive, Perceptual and Brain Sciences, Institute for Multimodal Communication, University College London, London, WC1H 0AP, UK
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Chang EF, Raygor KP, Berger MS. Contemporary model of language organization: an overview for neurosurgeons. J Neurosurg 2014; 122:250-61. [PMID: 25423277 DOI: 10.3171/2014.10.jns132647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Classic models of language organization posited that separate motor and sensory language foci existed in the inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's area) and superior temporal gyrus (Wernicke's area), respectively, and that connections between these sites (arcuate fasciculus) allowed for auditory-motor interaction. These theories have predominated for more than a century, but advances in neuroimaging and stimulation mapping have provided a more detailed description of the functional neuroanatomy of language. New insights have shaped modern network-based models of speech processing composed of parallel and interconnected streams involving both cortical and subcortical areas. Recent models emphasize processing in "dorsal" and "ventral" pathways, mediating phonological and semantic processing, respectively. Phonological processing occurs along a dorsal pathway, from the posterosuperior temporal to the inferior frontal cortices. On the other hand, semantic information is carried in a ventral pathway that runs from the temporal pole to the basal occipitotemporal cortex, with anterior connections. Functional MRI has poor positive predictive value in determining critical language sites and should only be used as an adjunct for preoperative planning. Cortical and subcortical mapping should be used to define functional resection boundaries in eloquent areas and remains the clinical gold standard. In tracing the historical advancements in our understanding of speech processing, the authors hope to not only provide practicing neurosurgeons with additional information that will aid in surgical planning and prevent postoperative morbidity, but also underscore the fact that neurosurgeons are in a unique position to further advance our understanding of the anatomy and functional organization of language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward F Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
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88
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Suarez RO, Taimouri V, Boyer K, Vega C, Rotenberg A, Madsen JR, Loddenkemper T, Duffy FH, Prabhu SP, Warfield SK. Passive fMRI mapping of language function for pediatric epilepsy surgical planning: validation using Wada, ECS, and FMAER. Epilepsy Res 2014; 108:1874-88. [PMID: 25445239 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study we validate passive language fMRI protocols designed for clinical application in pediatric epilepsy surgical planning as they do not require overt participation from patients. We introduced a set of quality checks that assess reliability of noninvasive fMRI mappings utilized for clinical purposes. We initially compared two fMRI language mapping paradigms, one active in nature (requiring participation from the patient) and the other passive in nature (requiring no participation from the patient). Group-level analysis in a healthy control cohort demonstrated similar activation of the putative language centers of the brain in the inferior frontal (IFG) and temporoparietal (TPG) regions. Additionally, we showed that passive language fMRI produced more left-lateralized activation in TPG (LI=+0.45) compared to the active task; with similarly robust left-lateralized IFG (LI=+0.24) activations using the passive task. We validated our recommended fMRI mapping protocols in a cohort of 15 pediatric epilepsy patients by direct comparison against the invasive clinical gold-standards. We found that language-specific TPG activation by fMRI agreed to within 9.2mm to subdural localizations by invasive functional mapping in the same patients, and language dominance by fMRI agreed with Wada test results at 80% congruency in TPG and 73% congruency in IFG. Lastly, we tested the recommended passive language fMRI protocols in a cohort of very young patients and confirmed reliable language-specific activation patterns in that challenging cohort. We concluded that language activation maps can be reliably achieved using the passive language fMRI protocols we proposed even in very young (average 7.5 years old) or sedated pediatric epilepsy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph O Suarez
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Vahid Taimouri
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katrina Boyer
- Department of Psychology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clemente Vega
- Department of Psychology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Rotenberg
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph R Madsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tobias Loddenkemper
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank H Duffy
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanjay P Prabhu
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon K Warfield
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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89
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Gelinas JN, Fitzpatrick KPV, Kim HC, Bjornson BH. Cerebellar language mapping and cerebral language dominance in pediatric epilepsy surgery patients. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2014; 6:296-306. [PMID: 25379442 PMCID: PMC4215475 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Objective Children with epilepsy often have reorganization of language networks and abnormal brain anatomy, making determination of language lateralization difficult. We characterized the proportion and distribution of language task activation in the cerebellum to determine the relationship to cerebral language lateralization. Methods Forty-six pediatric epilepsy surgery candidates (aged 7–19 years) completed an fMRI auditory semantic decision language task. Distribution of activated voxels and language laterality indices were computed using: (a) Broca's and Wernicke's areas and their right cerebral homologues; and (b) left and right cerebellar hemispheres. Language task activation was anatomically localized in the cerebellum. Results Lateralized language task activation in either cerebral hemisphere was highly correlated with lateralized language task activation in the contralateral cerebellar hemisphere (Broca vs. cerebellar: ρ = −0.54, p < 0.01). Cerebellar language activation was located within Crus I/II, areas previously implicated in non-motor functional networks. Conclusions Cerebellar language activation occurs in homologous regions of Crus I/II contralateral to cerebral language activation in patients with both right and left cerebral language dominance. Cerebellar language laterality could contribute to comprehensive pre-operative evaluation of language lateralization in pediatric epilepsy surgery patients. Our data suggest that patients with atypical cerebellar language activation are at risk for having atypical cerebral language organization. We examine fMRI cerebellar language activation in pediatric epilepsy surgery patients. A semantic decision task is employed to lateralize cerebral and cerebellar language. Cerebral and contralateral cerebellar language activations are highly correlated. Cerebellar language activation is located in right or left Crus I/II. Cerebellar language laterality may aid pre-operative cerebral language localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Gelinas
- Neurosciences and Physiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, 450 East 29th St, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kevin P V Fitzpatrick
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Hong Cheol Kim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Bruce H Bjornson
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver V6H 3V4, Canada ; Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 W. 28th Ave, Vancouver V6H 3V4, Canada
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90
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Bethmann A, Brechmann A. On the definition and interpretation of voice selective activation in the temporal cortex. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:499. [PMID: 25071527 PMCID: PMC4086026 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regions along the superior temporal sulci and in the anterior temporal lobes have been found to be involved in voice processing. It has even been argued that parts of the temporal cortices serve as voice-selective areas. Yet, evidence for voice-selective activation in the strict sense is still missing. The current fMRI study aimed at assessing the degree of voice-specific processing in different parts of the superior and middle temporal cortices. To this end, voices of famous persons were contrasted with widely different categories, which were sounds of animals and musical instruments. The argumentation was that only brain regions with statistically proven absence of activation by the control stimuli may be considered as candidates for voice-selective areas. Neural activity was found to be stronger in response to human voices in all analyzed parts of the temporal lobes except for the middle and posterior STG. More importantly, the activation differences between voices and the other environmental sounds increased continuously from the mid-posterior STG to the anterior MTG. Here, only voices but not the control stimuli excited an increase of the BOLD response above a resting baseline level. The findings are discussed with reference to the function of the anterior temporal lobes in person recognition and the general question on how to define selectivity of brain regions for a specific class of stimuli or tasks. In addition, our results corroborate recent assumptions about the hierarchical organization of auditory processing building on a processing stream from the primary auditory cortices to anterior portions of the temporal lobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Bethmann
- Special Lab Non-Invasive Brain Imaging, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg, Germany
| | - André Brechmann
- Special Lab Non-Invasive Brain Imaging, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg, Germany
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91
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Miozzo M, Hamberger MJ. Preserved meaning in the context of impaired naming in temporal lobe epilepsy. Neuropsychology 2014; 29:274-281. [PMID: 24933490 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Word-finding difficulties are a common complaint among individuals with left (domain) temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). We tested the hypothesis that these difficulties stem from a deficit in semantic processing. METHOD We tested and compared semantic processing in left and right TLE patients and healthy controls. To avoid the confound of word retrieval, we used two semantic tasks (semantic priming and picture-matching) that did not require spoken word production. In addition to accuracy, we recorded response time in an effort to achieve a sensitive assessment of semantic processing. RESULTS Semantic priming was in all respects comparable between left TLE patients with documented word-finding difficulty and right TLE patients without word-finding difficulty. Likewise, performances were comparable between groups on picture matching, which demanded knowledge of detailed semantic features for decisions regarding subtle differences in semantic relatedness. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results, which demonstrate a relative preservation of semantic processing in left TLE, suggest that the probable cause of word-finding difficulty in this group relates to processes that follow semantic retrieval in word production, involving the retrieval of lexical/phonological information. In addition to clinical implications for remediation, these results refine our understanding of the neurocognitive organization of temporal mechanisms supporting spoken word production.
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92
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Stewart CC, Swanson SJ, Sabsevitz DS, Rozman ME, Janecek JK, Binder JR. Predictors of language lateralization in temporal lobe epilepsy. Neuropsychologia 2014; 60:93-102. [PMID: 24905283 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Among patients with epilepsy, atypical (rightward) language lateralization has been associated with left-handedness, a left seizure focus, an early age at seizure onset, and familial sinistrality, although these associations are not consistently observed. No study has examined all of these factors in relation to language lateralization in the same epilepsy sample, let alone in a sample comprised only of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Moreover, little consideration has been given in previous studies to how language lateralization might be influenced by the interplay between different factors, or how much unique variance in language lateralization is explained by each factor. The primary aim of this study was to examine the combined influences of handedness, side of seizure focus, age at seizure onset, and familial sinistrality on language lateralization in temporal lobe epilepsy patients. A secondary aim was to determine which factors uniquely contribute to the prediction of language lateralization. 162 patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy underwent functional MRI language mapping, from which language lateralization indexes were derived. Degree of handedness was measured via the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory. Main and 2-way interaction effects on language lateralization indexes were examined via linear regressions and Fisher exact tests. Significant effects were next examined in multiple regressions to identify unique predictors of language lateralization indexes. When examined in isolation in regressions, only left-handedness and a left seizure focus predicted atypical (rightward) language lateralization. These results, however, were qualified by interaction effects demonstrating that stronger left hand preference was associated with greater atypical language lateralization only among patients with a left seizure focus, an early or intermediate age at seizure onset, or no familial sinistrality. In follow-up multiple regressions, the interaction terms accounted for a significant amount of variance in language lateralization indexes above and beyond main effects. Additionally, side of seizure focus and its interaction with handedness uniquely predicted language lateralization indexes. Results indicate that degree of left-handedness is a marker of greater atypical (rightward) language lateralization in temporal lobe epilepsy but only in the context of seizure characteristics that have the potential to drive joint reorganization of language and hand preference (i.e., left seizure focus, or early or intermediate age at seizure onset) or in the absence of a genetic predisposition for left-handedness (i.e., no familial sinistrality). This study advances existing knowledge by illustrating how different factors combine to jointly affect language lateralization, and by identifying side of seizure focus and its interaction with handedness as unique predictors of language lateralization in temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Stewart
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Sara J Swanson
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - David S Sabsevitz
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Megan E Rozman
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Julie K Janecek
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Binder
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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93
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Atypical cortical language organization in epilepsy patients: evidence for divergent hemispheric dominance for receptive and expressive language function. J Clin Neurophysiol 2014; 31:208-17. [PMID: 24887603 DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0000000000000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The central goal of presurgical language mapping is to identify brain regions that subserve cortical language function to minimize postsurgical language deficits. Presurgical language mapping in patients with epilepsy presents a key challenge because of the atypical pattern of hemispheric language dominance found in this population, with higher incidences of bilateral and right-biased language dominance than typical. In this prospective study, we combine magnetoencephalography with a panel of tasks designed to separately assess receptive and expressive function to provide a sensitive measure of language function in 15 candidates for resective surgery. We report the following: 4 of 15 patients (27%) showed left hemisphere dominance across all tasks, 4 of 15 patients (27%) showed right hemisphere dominance across all tasks, and 7 of 15 (46%) showed discordant language dominance, with right-dominant receptive and left-dominant expressive language. All patients with discordant language dominance showed this right-receptive and left-expressive pattern. Results provide further evidence supporting the importance of using a panel of tasks to assess separable aspects of language function. The clinical relevance of the findings is discussed, especially about current clinical operative measures for assessing language dominance, which use single hemisphere procedure (intracarotid amobarbital procedure and awake intraoperative stimulation) for determining language laterality.
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Miró J, Ripollés P, López-Barroso D, Vilà-Balló A, Juncadella M, de Diego-Balaguer R, Marco-Pallares J, Rodríguez-Fornells A, Falip M. Atypical language organization in temporal lobe epilepsy revealed by a passive semantic paradigm. BMC Neurol 2014; 14:98. [PMID: 24885511 PMCID: PMC4017227 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-14-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is the most common type of focal epilepsy in adults and can be successfully cured by surgery. One of the main complications of this surgery however is a decline in language abilities. The magnitude of this decline is related to the degree of language lateralization to the left hemisphere. Most fMRI paradigms used to determine language dominance in epileptic populations have used active language tasks. Sometimes, these paradigms are too complex and may result in patient underperformance. Only a few studies have used purely passive tasks, such as listening to standard speech. Methods In the present study we characterized language lateralization in patients with MTLE using a rapid and passive semantic language task. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study 23 patients [12 with Left (LMTLE), 11 with Right mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (RMTLE)] and 19 healthy right-handed controls using a 6 minute long semantic task in which subjects passively listened to groups of sentences (SEN) and pseudo sentences (PSEN). A lateralization index (LI) was computed using a priori regions of interest of the temporal lobe. Results The LI for the significant contrasts produced activations for all participants in both temporal lobes. 81.8% of RMTLE patients and 79% of healthy individuals had a bilateral language representation for this particular task. However, 50% of LMTLE patients presented an atypical right hemispheric dominance in the LI. More importantly, the degree of right lateralization in LMTLE patients was correlated with the age of epilepsy onset. Conclusions The simple, rapid, non-collaboration dependent, passive task described in this study, produces a robust activation in the temporal lobe in both patients and controls and is capable of illustrating a pattern of atypical language organization for LMTLE patients. Furthermore, we observed that the atypical right-lateralization patterns in LMTLE patients was associated to earlier age at epilepsy onset. These results are in line with the idea that early onset of epileptic activity is associated to larger neuroplastic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Miró
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group [Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute]- IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain.
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95
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Comparison of high gamma electrocorticography and fMRI with electrocortical stimulation for localization of somatosensory and language cortex. Clin Neurophysiol 2014; 126:121-30. [PMID: 24845600 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the contribution of electrocortical stimulation (ECS), induced high gamma electrocorticography (hgECoG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for the localization of somatosensory and language cortex. METHODS 23 Epileptic patients with subdural electrodes underwent a protocol of somatosensory stimulation and/or an auditory semantic decision task. 14 Patients did the same protocol with fMRI prior to implantation. RESULTS ECS resulted in the identification of thumb somatosensory cortex in 12/16 patients. Taking ECS as a gold standard, hgECoG and fMRI identified 53.6/33% of true positive and 4/12% of false positive contacts, respectively. The hgECoG false positive sites were all found in the hand area of the post-central gyrus. ECS localized language-related sites in 7/12 patients with hgECoG and fMRI showing 50/64% of true positive and 8/23% of false positive contacts, respectively. All but one of the hgECoG/fMRI false positive contacts were located in plausible language areas. Four patients showed post-surgical impairments: the resection included the sites positively indicated by ECS, hgECoG and fMRI in 3 patients and a positive hgECoG site in one patient. CONCLUSIONS HgECoG and fMRI provide additional localization information in patients who cannot sufficiently collaborate during ECS. SIGNIFICANCE HgECoG and fMRI make the cortical mapping procedure more flexible not only by identifying priority cortical sites for ECS or when ECS is not feasible, but also when ECS does not provide any result.
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96
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Rofes A, Miceli G. Language Mapping with Verbs and Sentences in Awake Surgery: A Review. Neuropsychol Rev 2014; 24:185-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s11065-014-9258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Barnett A, Marty-Dugas J, McAndrews MP. Advantages of sentence-level fMRI language tasks in presurgical language mapping for temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2014; 32:114-20. [PMID: 24534479 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
fMRI language mapping has become increasingly utilized for determining language dominance before surgical intervention for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). This study aimed to examine the differences between two classes of fMRI word generation tasks used in our clinic: tasks using a single word cue, referred to as simple generative tasks (SGTs), and tasks also involving sentence-level processing, referred to as sentence-level language tasks (SLTs). Specifically, we aimed to investigate the extent and laterality of activation and frontal-temporal connectivity during these language tasks and their relationship to clinical language measures. Thirty-one patients with TLE (18 patients with left TLE and 13 patients with right TLE) performed four language tasks during an fMRI scan, two SGTs and two SLTs. We found significantly greater activity for SLTs over SGTs in bilateral inferior frontal and middle temporal gyri and the left temporal pole. Sentence-level language tasks also showed greater lateralization compared with SGTs. Finally, we found that while activation extent did not correlate with clinical language tests, the degree of left frontal-temporal connectivity was significantly correlated with naming and semantic fluency performance. These correlations also were more robust for SLTs than for SGTs. Taken together, these results provide a compelling argument for including some form of SLTs in fMRI language lateralization protocols for TLE as they allow for better characterization of language networks, particularly in the temporal lobes which are at risk in surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Barnett
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Krembil Neuroscience Centre & Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Jeremy Marty-Dugas
- Krembil Neuroscience Centre & Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Pat McAndrews
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Krembil Neuroscience Centre & Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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98
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Roux FE, Durand JB, Réhault E, Planton S, Draper L, Démonet JF. The neural basis for writing from dictation in the temporoparietal cortex. Cortex 2014; 50:64-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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99
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Presurgical language fMRI and postsurgical deficits: a single centre experience. Can J Neurol Sci 2013; 40:819-23. [PMID: 24257223 DOI: 10.1017/s031716710001595x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we conducted a retrospective investigation of our initial single-centre experience with the clinical use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of hemisphere dominance for language processing (i.e., language lateralization). We demonstrated its association with surgical outcome and its potential impact on surgical planning and patient management. METHODS Fifty-two cases were reviewed, covering the period from July 2007 to July 2010. Clinical fMRI reports were examined to determine the hemisphere dominance for language processing. Neurological reports were examined to determine if new language deficits were present post-surgery. Neurosurgeon notes were also reviewed to determine if fMRI had an impact on surgical planning. RESULTS Of the cases reviewed, 49 (94%) generated conclusive fMRI. Eleven (22%) patients exhibited fMRI language lateralization contralateral to pathology; zero of nine of these patients that had surgery experienced post-surgical deficits. Twenty-two (44%) patients exhibited fMRI language lateralization ipsilateral to pathology; three of 13 of these patients that had surgery experienced post-surgical deficits. Sixteen (34%) patients exhibited bilateral lateralization of language; five of 13 of these patients that had surgery experienced post-surgery deficits. Several post-fMRI reports indicated that fMRI results had an impact on surgical planning. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that fMRI demonstrations of language processing within the hemisphere ipsilateral to pathology (either ipsilateral alone or bilateral) is associated with a greater risk for post-surgical language deficits, and in these cases, fMRI results should be taken into consideration for pre-surgical planning. IRMf du langage avant la chirurgie et déficits après la chirurgie : expérience d'un centre.
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100
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Ocklenburg S, Hugdahl K, Westerhausen R. Structural white matter asymmetries in relation to functional asymmetries during speech perception and production. Neuroimage 2013; 83:1088-97. [PMID: 23921095 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional hemispheric asymmetries of speech production and perception are a key feature of the human language system, but their neurophysiological basis is still poorly understood. Using a combined fMRI and tract-based spatial statistics approach, we investigated the relation of microstructural asymmetries in language-relevant white matter pathways and functional activation asymmetries during silent verb generation and passive listening to spoken words. Tract-based spatial statistics revealed several leftward asymmetric clusters in the arcuate fasciculus and uncinate fasciculus that were differentially related to activation asymmetries in the two functional tasks. Frontal and temporal activation asymmetries during silent verb generation were positively related to the strength of specific microstructural white matter asymmetries in the arcuate fasciculus. In contrast, microstructural uncinate fasciculus asymmetries were related to temporal activation asymmetries during passive listening. These findings suggest that white matter asymmetries may indeed be one of the factors underlying functional hemispheric asymmetries. Moreover, they also show that specific localized white matter asymmetries might be of greater relevance for functional activation asymmetries than microstructural features of whole pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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