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Yoon JK, Lee JK, Lee CH, Hwang YI, Kim H, Park D, Hwang KE, Kim SH, Jung KS, Yoo KH, Ra SW, Kim DK. The Association Between Eosinophil Variability Patterns and the Efficacy of Inhaled Corticosteroids in Stable COPD Patients. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:2061-2070. [PMID: 32943859 PMCID: PMC7473991 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s258353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Blood eosinophils are a predictive marker for the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). However, there is concern over whether a single measure of blood eosinophils is sufficient for outlining a treatment plan. Here, we evaluated the association between variability in blood eosinophils and the effects of ICS in stable COPD cohorts. Methods COPD patients in the Korean COPD Subtype Study and the Seoul National University Airway Registry from 2011 to 2018 were analyzed. Based on blood eosinophils at baseline and at 1-year follow-up, the patients were classified into four groups with 250/μL as a cutoff value: consistently high (CH), consistently low (CL), variably increasing (VI), and variably decreasing (VD). We compared rates of acute exacerbations (AEs) according to ICS use in each group after calibration of severity using propensity score matching. Results Of 2,221 COPD patients, 618 were analyzed and a total of 125 (20%), 355 (57%), 63 (10%), and 75 (12%) patients were classified into the CH, CL, VI, and VD groups, respectively. After calibration, we found that ICS users tended to have a lower AE rate in the CH group (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.21–0.74) and VI group (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.22–0.88), but not in the CL group (RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.08–1.89) and VD group (RR 1.71, 95% CI 1.00–2.96). Conclusion More than one-fifth of patients had an inconsistent blood eosinophil level after the 1-year follow-up, and the AE-COPD rate according to ICS differed based on variability in eosinophils. Regular follow-up of blood eosinophils is required for COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ki Yoon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kyu Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Il Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunkuk Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongil Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Eun Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University, School of Medicine, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Suck Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Ha Yoo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Ra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Deog Kyeom Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Functional Mammalian Amyloids and Amyloid-Like Proteins. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10090156. [PMID: 32825636 PMCID: PMC7555005 DOI: 10.3390/life10090156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloids are highly ordered fibrous cross-β protein aggregates that are notorious primarily because of association with a variety of incurable human and animal diseases (termed amyloidoses), including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and prion diseases. Some amyloid-associated diseases, in particular T2D and AD, are widespread and affect hundreds of millions of people all over the world. However, recently it has become evident that many amyloids, termed “functional amyloids,” are involved in various activities that are beneficial to organisms. Functional amyloids were discovered in diverse taxa, ranging from bacteria to mammals. These amyloids are involved in vital biological functions such as long-term memory, storage of peptide hormones and scaffolding melanin polymerization in animals, substrate attachment, and biofilm formation in bacteria and fungi, etc. Thus, amyloids undoubtedly are playing important roles in biological and pathological processes. This review is focused on functional amyloids in mammals and summarizes approaches used for identifying new potentially amyloidogenic proteins and domains.
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An YF, Suo LM, Xue JM, Han HY, Yang G, Liu JQ, Liu ZQ, Liu ZG, Zhao CQ, Yang PC. Role of FcγRI in Antigen-Dependent Eosinophil Activation in Patients With Allergic Rhinitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2020; 35:86-97. [PMID: 32586101 DOI: 10.1177/1945892420936587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The eosinophil (Eo) activation is a crucial factor evoking allergic rhinitis (AR) attacks; factors; the mechanism of triggering Eo activation remains to be further investigated. The interaction of antigen (Ag) and antibody plays a critical role in evoking allergy attacks. This study aims to elucidate the role of FcγRI, the high affinity receptor of IgG, in the Ag-mediated Eo activation. Methods Nasal lavage fluids (NLF) were collected from AR patients and healthy control (HC) subjects. Eos were isolated by flow cytometry cell sorting and analyzed by pertinent immunological approaches. Results Eos composed more than 60% of the cellular components in AR NLF. Exposure to specific Ags (sAgs) in the culture triggered Eos to release inflammatory mediators. High levels of FcγRI were detected on the surface of AR NLF Eos. Exposure to lipopolysaccharide markedly increased the FcγRI expression in naive Eos, which could be bound by Ag-specific IgG (sIgG) to form complexes on the surface of Eos; this made Eos at the sensitized status. Eos bore with the sIgG/FcγRI complexes could be activated upon exposure to sIgG in the culture; these Eos can be designated as Ag-specific Eos. Passive transfer of Ag-specific Eos resulted in profound AR response in mice upon sAg challenge. Depletion of FcγRI on Eos efficiently abolished AR response in mice. Conclusions AR Eos express high levels FcγRI, that can be bound by sIgG to make Eos sensitized. Re-exposure to specific Ags can activate the sensitized Eos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fang An
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li-Min Suo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jin-Mei Xue
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hai-Yang Han
- Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gui Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiang-Qi Liu
- Department of Allergy, Longgang ENT Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Department of Allergy, Longgang ENT Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chang-Qing Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ping-Chang Yang
- Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen, China
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Asfour MH, Kassem AA, Salama A, Abd El-Alim SH. Hydrophobic ion pair loaded self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS): A novel oral drug delivery approach of cromolyn sodium for management of bronchial asthma. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119494. [PMID: 32505578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to develop a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) for the hydrophobic ion pair (HIP) complex of cromolyn sodium (CS), in order to enhance its intestinal absorption and biological activity. Two ion pairing agents (IPAs) were investigated: hexadecyl pyridininum chloride (HPC) and myristyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (MTAB). The optimum binding efficiency for complexation between investigated IPAs and CS was observed at a molar ratio of 1.5:1, where CS binding efficiency was found to be 76.10 ± 2.12 and 91.37 ± 1.73% for MTAB and HPC, respectively. The two prepared complexes exhibited a significant increase in partition coefficient indicating increased lipophilicity. The optimized CS-HIP complex was incorporated into SEDDS formulations. SEDDS formulations F2 (40% oleic acid, 40% BrijTM98, 20% propylene glycol) and F3 (25% oleic acid, 50% BrijTM98, 25% propylene glycol) exhibited nanometric droplet diameters with monodisperse distribution and nearly neutral zeta potential values. Ex vivo intestinal permeation study, using the non-everted gut sac technique, revealed a significantly higher cumulative amount of permeated drug, after 2 h, for F2 and F3 (53.836 and 77.617 µg/cm2, respectively) compared to 8.649 µg/cm2 for plain CS solution. The in vivo evaluation of plain CS solution compared to F2 and F3 was conducted in an ovalbumin sensitization-induced bronchial asthma rat model. Lung function parameters (tidal volume and peak expiratory flow), biochemical parameters (interleukin-5, immunoglobulin-E, myeloperoxidase and airway remodelling parameters) were assessed in addition to histopathological examination. The results indicated the superiority of F3 followed by F2 compared to plain CS solution for prophylaxis of bronchial asthma in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Hasanein Asfour
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Alaa Kassem
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Abeer Salama
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Sameh Hosam Abd El-Alim
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
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Ye L, Bai HM, Jiang D, He B, Wen XS, Ge P, Zhang DY. Combination of eosinophil percentage and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein predicts in-hospital major adverse cardiac events in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23367. [PMID: 32441412 PMCID: PMC7521303 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Eosinophil levels predict prognosis in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. Both eosinophils and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) play a major role in the acute inflammatory response of myocardial infarction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate eosinophil percentage (EOS%) and hs‐CRP as prognostic markers for in‐hospital adverse events in STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 518 patients. Major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) were defined as cardiac rupture, cardiac arrest, malignant arrhythmia, and cardiac death. Based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, all patients were regrouped into 3 groups (None, One, and Two) according to cutoff EOS% value (≤0.3%) and hs‐CRP value (>11.8 mg/L). Both Cox regression analyses and the KM (Kaplan‐Meier) survival curve were used to examine the prognostic role of combined hs‐CRP and EOS% in cardiovascular events. Results Of the 518 STEMI patients, 50 of them developed MACEs. Patients who developed MACEs had a significantly lower EOS% and higher hs‐CRP than patients who remained MACE‐free. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, the highest risk of in‐hospital MACEs was constantly observed in patients with a combined low EOS% and elevated hs‐CRP. Patients with reduced EOS% and high hs‐CRP had significantly higher incidence rates of cardiac rupture (P = .001), cardiac arrest (P = .001), and malignant arrhythmia (P < .001); furthermore, they had the worst cumulative survival compared with the other two groups. Conclusion Combined reduced EOS% and elevated hs‐CRP were valuable tools for identifying patients at risk of in‐hospital MACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Ye
- The First Branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong-Mei Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- The First Branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bing He
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue-Song Wen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Ge
- The First Branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong-Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Hu G, Wang S, Zhong K, Xu F, Huang L, Chen W, Cheng P. Tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia predicts favorable clinical outcome in solid tumors: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:454. [PMID: 32434481 PMCID: PMC7240929 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activated eosinophils have been deemed to affect carcinogenesis and tumor progression via various mechanisms in tumor microenvironment. However, the prognostic role of tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) in human cancers remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to better comprehend the association between TATE and clinical outcomes of patients. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase and EBSCO to determine the researches assessing the association between TATE and overall survival (OS) and/or disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with cancer, then combined relevant data into hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratio (OR) for OS, DFS and clinicopathological features including lymph node metastasis etc. with STATA 12.0. Results Twenty six researches with 6384 patients were included in this meta-analysis. We found that the presence of TATE was significantly associated with improved OS, but not with DFS in all types of cancers. In stratified analyses based on cancer types, pooled results manifested that the infiltration of eosinophils was remarkably associated with better OS in esophageal carcinoma and colorectal cancer. In addition, TATE significantly inversely correlated with lymph node metastasis, tumor stage and lymphatic invasion of cancer. Conclusion TATE promotes survival in cancer patients, suggesting that it is a valuable prognostic biomarker and clinical application of biological response modifiers or agonists promoting TATE may be the novel therapeutic strategy for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoming Hu
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Zhejiang, 312000, China.
| | - Shimin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Kefang Zhong
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Liming Huang
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Zhejiang, 312000, China.
| | - Pu Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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Siddiqui S, Jaiswal R, Hashmi GS. Quantitative analysis of tumor-associated tissue eosinophils and tumor-associated blood eosinophils in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2020; 24:131-137. [PMID: 32508461 PMCID: PMC7269303 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_70_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Stromal response to cancer is usually characterized by intense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. However, recently, the attention has shifted to tumor-associated tissue eosinophils (TATE). Tumor-associated blood eosinophils (TABE) are rare in solid cancers; however, carcinoma of the head and neck shows its prevalence. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence and relationship of tissue and blood eosinophils in various grades of oral cancer. The purpose of the article is to emphasize the possible clinical and biological significance of eosinophils in patients of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) so that appropriate therapeutic strategies can be devised accordingly. Study Design: Thirty histologically confirmed cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma were divided into well, moderate and poorly differentiated carcinoma. Eosinophilic infiltration in the tissue was graded as low, moderate and massive TATE. The number of eosinophils per 100 WBCs was taken as the differential eosinophil count. Blood eosinophilia (BE) >6% was considered to be TABE. Materials and Methods: Hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue sections at 5 μ were evaluated. Prolonged staining in dilute 0.05% aqueous eosin demonstrated eosinophils selectively. Blood smears were stained by Leishman stain. Statistical Analysis: Student's t-test, Chi-square test, ANOVA, Newman–Keuls Multiple Comparison Test and Karl Pearson correlation coefficient® method were used. Results: The mean TATE value was highest in poorly differentiated carcinoma. TABE was seen only in a few cases and was associated mostly with poorly differentiated OSCC. Conclusion: There was a statistically significant correlation between TATE and histological grades of OSCC. Eosinophilia of the peripheral blood is an adverse sign in patients with carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Siddiqui
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rohit Jaiswal
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ghulam Sarwar Hashmi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, ZA Dental College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Nagase H, Ueki S, Fujieda S. The roles of IL-5 and anti-IL-5 treatment in eosinophilic diseases: Asthma, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. Allergol Int 2020; 69:178-186. [PMID: 32139163 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-5 is the most potent activator of eosinophils and is produced by Th2 cells and ILC2s. A role for IL-5 in eosinophil extracellular trap cell death, i.e., a proinflammatory cell death, has also been reported. Mepolizumab and benralizumab are humanized mAbs that target IL-5 and the IL-5 receptor α, respectively, and their therapeutic efficacy for severe asthma has been established. Although consistent differences in the efficacies of those drugs have not been proven, benralizumab extensively depleted eosinophils via Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Blood eosinophil count, but not FeNO or IgE, is the best-established predictive biomarker of the efficacy of anti-IL-5 treatment. Regarding the choice of biologics, the balance between blood eosinophil count and FeNO, indication of comorbidities, longitudinal safety, and interval of injection should be considered. Mepolizumab was also effective in maintaining the remission of refractory eosinophilic granulomatous polyangiitis. Moreover, mepolizumab decreased the proportion of patients who required surgery and lowered the nasal polyp score in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps; a further extensive trial is currently under way. In a phase II benralizumab study performed in Japan, no significant effect on nasal polyp score at week 12 was observed, suggesting a requirement for longer treatment. In this review, the role of IL-5 in eosinophil biology and the current status of anti-IL-5 therapy are discussed. The longitudinal safety of anti-IL-5 therapy has been increasingly established, and this strategy will be continuously indicated for eosinophilic diseases as a specific treatment for eosinophilic inflammation.
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Miao R, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Luo S, Wan C. Distinguishment of parasite-infected children from pediatric inpatients with both eosinophilia and effusion. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19625. [PMID: 32243388 PMCID: PMC7440094 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with both serous effusion and eosinophilia are rarely reported and geographically distributed; their early diagnosis is difficult.According to the ultimate diagnosis, patients (≤14 years) in West China Second hospital with serous effusion and eosinophilia were divided into two groups including a parasitic group and a non-parasitic group. Clinical data were collected and analyzed between the two groups. Subsequently, significant measurement indicators were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to explore the optimal cut-off points for the most appropriate sensitivity and specificity.A total of 884 patients were diagnosed with serous effusion and 61 of them displayed co-morbidity with eosinophilia during enrolled time. Among 61 patients, 34 patients had parasitic infection and 27 had non-parasitic diseases. There were statistical difference in effusion position, the levels of white blood cell count (WBC), eosinophil (EOS), EOS%, C-reactive protein (CRP) between parasitic group and non-parasitic group. ROC curve demonstrated that the areas under the curve of EOS count and EOS% were >80%, and the corresponding optimal cut-off values were 1.71 × 10/L and 25.6% for distinguishing between parasitic and non-parasitic infections in our patients.This study provided a quantified index for potentially quick and convenient indicators of pediatric patients presenting with both eosinophilia and effusion. Eosinophils were helpful to improve the initial diagnosis with awareness of parasitic diseases. For the cases with EOS > 1.71 × 10/L or EOS% > 25.6%, parasitic infection should be considered and serological tests are recommended in our region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Miao
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Zhiling Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Shuanghong Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Chaomin Wan
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
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Brosnahan MM. Eosinophils of the horse: Part II: Eosinophils in clinical diseases. EQUINE VET EDUC 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Brosnahan
- College of Veterinary Medicine Midwestern University Glendale Arizona USA
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Abstract
Phagocytosis is a pivotal immunological process, and its discovery by Elia Metchnikoff in 1882 was a step toward the establishment of the innate immune system as a separate branch of immunology. Elia Metchnikoff received the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine for this discovery in 1908. Since its discovery almost 140 years before, phagocytosis remains the hot topic of research in immunology. The phagocytosis research has seen a great advancement since its first discovery. Functionally, phagocytosis is a simple immunological process required to engulf and remove pathogens, dead cells and tumor cells to maintain the immune homeostasis. However, mechanistically, it is a very complex process involving different mechanisms, induced and regulated by several pattern recognition receptors, soluble pattern recognition molecules, scavenger receptors (SRs) and opsonins. These mechanisms involve the formation of phagosomes, their maturation into phagolysosomes causing pathogen destruction or antigen synthesis to present them to major histocompatibility complex molecules for activating an adaptive immune response. Any defect in this mechanism may predispose the host to certain infections and inflammatory diseases (autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases) along with immunodeficiency. The article is designed to discuss its mechanistic complexity at each level, varying from phagocytosis induction to phagolysosome resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Faculty of Medicine, Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Mater Research, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Jiménez-Saiz R, Anipindi VC, Galipeau H, Ellenbogen Y, Chaudhary R, Koenig JF, Gordon ME, Walker TD, Mandur TS, Abed S, Humbles A, Chu DK, Erjefält J, Ask K, Verdú EF, Jordana M. Microbial Regulation of Enteric Eosinophils and Its Impact on Tissue Remodeling and Th2 Immunity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:155. [PMID: 32117293 PMCID: PMC7033414 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils have emerged as multifaceted cells that contribute to tissue homeostasis. However, the impact of the microbiota on their frequency and function at mucosal sites remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of the microbiota in the regulation of enteric eosinophils. We found that small intestinal (SI) eosinophilia was significantly greater in germ-free (GF) mice compared to specific pathogen free (SPF) controls. This was associated with changes in the production of enteric signals that regulate eosinophil attraction and survival, and was fully reversed by complex colonization. Additionally, SI eosinophils of GF mice exhibited more cytoplasmic protrusions and less granule content than SPF controls. Lastly, we generated a novel strain of eosinophil-deficient GF mice. These mice displayed intestinal fibrosis and were less prone to allergic sensitization as compared to GF controls. Overall, our study demonstrates that commensal microbes regulate intestinal eosinophil frequency and function, which impacts tissue repair and allergic sensitization to food antigens. These data support a critical interplay between the commensal microbiota and intestinal eosinophils in shaping homeostatic, innate, and adaptive immune processes in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Jiménez-Saiz
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology & Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Varun C. Anipindi
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Heather Galipeau
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Yosef Ellenbogen
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Roopali Chaudhary
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua F. Koenig
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa E. Gordon
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tina D. Walker
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Talveer S. Mandur
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Soumeya Abed
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alison Humbles
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Derek K. Chu
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jonas Erjefält
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kjetil Ask
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Elena F. Verdú
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Manel Jordana
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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63
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Guseva D, Rüdrich U, Kotnik N, Gehring M, Patsinakidis N, Agelopoulos K, Ständer S, Homey B, Kapp A, Gibbs BF, Ponimaskin E, Raap U. Neuronal branching of sensory neurons is associated with BDNF-positive eosinophils in atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 50:577-584. [PMID: 31925827 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pruritus is a major symptom of atopic dermatitis (AD) and is transmitted by a subpopulation of non-myelinated C-type free nerve endings in the epidermis and upper dermis. Stimulation of these nerve terminals is affected by histamine, neurotrophins and physical factors. Eosinophils of patients with AD are a source of neurotrophins, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), levels of which correlate with disease severity. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the anatomical localization of eosinophils in the skin of patients with AD with regard to peripheral nerves and to investigate whether eosinophils induce sprouting and neurite outgrowth in murine sensory neurons. METHODS Cryosections of skin derived from AD and control (NA) patients were subjected to immunofluorescence analysis with markers for eosinophils, BDNF and neuronal cells. Stimulated eosinophil supernatants were used for the treatment of cultured peripheral mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons followed by morphometric analysis. RESULTS Dermal axon density and the proximity of eosinophils to nerve fibres were significantly higher in AD patients vs NA. Both neuronal projections and eosinophils expressed BDNF. Furthermore, activated eosinophil supernatants induced BDNF-dependent mouse DRG neuron branching. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our results indicate that BDNF-positive eosinophils are also localized in close proximity with nerve fibres in AD, suggesting a functional relationship between BDNF-expressing eosinophils and neuronal projections. These observations suggest that eosinophils may have considerable impact on pruritus by supporting sensory nerve branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Guseva
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Urda Rüdrich
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nika Kotnik
- Division of Experimental Allergology and Immunodermatology, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Manuela Gehring
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Patsinakidis
- University Clinic of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Agelopoulos
- Department of Dermatology and Center for Chronic Pruritus, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sonja Ständer
- Department of Dermatology and Center for Chronic Pruritus, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Homey
- Department of Dermatology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Kapp
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernhard F Gibbs
- Division of Experimental Allergology and Immunodermatology, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Evgeni Ponimaskin
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ulrike Raap
- Division of Experimental Allergology and Immunodermatology, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,University Clinic of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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64
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Hu C, Wu Z, Li L. Mesenchymal stromal cells promote liver regeneration through regulation of immune cells. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:893-903. [PMID: 32071558 PMCID: PMC7019139 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.39725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is sensitive to pathogen-induced acute or chronic liver injury, and liver transplantation (LT) is the only effective strategy for end-stage liver diseases. However, the clinical application is limited by a shortage of liver organs, immunological rejection and high cost. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy has gradually become a hot topic for promoting liver regeneration and repairing liver injury in various liver diseases, since MSCs are reported to migrate toward injured tissues, undergo hepatogenic differentiation, inhibit inflammatory factor release and enhance the proliferation of liver cells in vivo. MSCs exert immunoregulatory effects through cell-cell contact and the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors to inhibit liver inflammation and promote liver regeneration. In addition, MSCs are reported to effectively inhibit the activation of cells of the innate immune system, including macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes and other immune cells, and inhibit the activation of cells of the adaptive immune system, including T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and subsets of T cells or B cells. In the current review, we mainly focus on the potential effects and mechanisms of MSCs in inhibiting the activation of immune cells to attenuate liver injury in models or patients with acute liver failure (ALF), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and liver fibrosis and in patients or models after LT. We highlight that MSC transplantation may replace general therapies for eliminating acute or chronic liver injury in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhongwen Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
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65
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Suzuki K, Nishiwaki K, Gunji T, Katori M, Masuoka H, Yano S. Elevated eosinophil level predicted long time to next treatment in relapsed or refractory myeloma patients treated with lenalidomide. Cancer Med 2020; 9:1694-1702. [PMID: 31950647 PMCID: PMC7050101 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug that is administered commonly in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Eosinophils have immunological functions, for instance, in allergic diseases and asthma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of elevated eosinophil levels in patients with RRMM treated with lenalidomide. A total of 59 patients were included. Elevated eosinophil level was defined as an increase in the eosinophil count of ≥250/µL from the eosinophil count on day 1 during the first cycle. The percentage of patients with elevated eosinophil levels was 22.0%. The overall response ratio in the elevated eosinophil group and nonelevated eosinophil group was 84.6% and 63.0% (P = .189), respectively. The median time to next treatment (TTNT) in the elevated eosinophil group was significantly longer than that in the nonelevated group (40.3 months vs 8.4 months; P = .017). Additionally, TTNT in the elevated eosinophil group with partial response (PR) or better was significantly longer than that in the nonelevated eosinophil group with PR or better (40.3 months vs 11.9 months; P = .021). We concluded that elevated eosinophil levels were frequently observed and might predict a longer TTNT in patients with RRMM treated with lenalidomide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Suzuki
- Division of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaichi Nishiwaki
- Division of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Gunji
- Division of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuji Katori
- Division of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Masuoka
- Division of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shingo Yano
- Division of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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66
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Arbustini E, Narula N, Giuliani L, Di Toro A. Genetic Basis of Myocarditis: Myth or Reality? MYOCARDITIS 2020. [PMCID: PMC7122345 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35276-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The genetic basis of myocarditis remains an intriguing concept, at least as long as the definition of myocarditis constitutes the definitive presence of myocardial inflammation sufficient to cause the observed ventricular dysfunction in the setting of cardiotropic infections. Autoimmune or immune-mediated myocardial inflammation constitutes a complex area of clinical interest, wherein numerous and not yet fully understood role of hereditary auto-inflammatory diseases can result in inflammation of the pericardium and myocardium. Finally, myocardial involvement in hereditary immunodeficiency diseases, cellular and humoral, is a possible trigger for infections which may complicate the diseases themselves. Whether the role of constitutional genetics can make the patient susceptible to myocardial inflammation remains yet to be explored.
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67
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Overview of Basic Immunology and Clinical Application. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1244:1-36. [PMID: 32301008 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-41008-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor exists as a complex network of structures with an ability to evolve and evade the host immune surveillance mechanism. The immune milieu which includes macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, neutrophils, mast cells, B cells, and T cells are found in the core, the invasive margin, or the adjacent stromal or lymphoid component of the tumor. The immune infiltrate is heterogeneous and varies within a patient and between patients of the same tumor histology. The location, density, functionality, and cross-talk between the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment influence the nature of immune response, prognosis, and treatment outcomes in cancer patients. Therefore, an understanding of the characteristics of the immune cells and their role in tumor immune surveillance is of paramount importance to identify immune targets and to develop novel immune therapeutics in the war against cancer. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the individual components of the human immune system and the translational relevance of predictive biomarkers.
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68
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Abstract
Eosinophils are important immune cells that have been implicated in resistance to gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections in both naturally and experimentally infected sheep. Proteins of particular importance appear to be IgA-Fc alpha receptor (FcαRI), C-C chemokine receptor type 3 (CCR3), proteoglycan 3 (PRG3, major basic protein 2) and EPX (eosinophil peroxidase). We used known human nucleotide sequences to search the ruminant genomes, followed by translation to protein and sequence alignments to visualize differences between sequences and species. Where a sequence was retrieved for cow, but not for sheep and goat, this was used additionally as a reference sequence. In this review, we show that eosinophil function varies among host species. Consequently, investigations into the mechanisms of ruminant immune responses to GIN should be conducted using the natural host. Specifically, we address differences in protein sequence and structure for eosinophil proteins.
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69
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Keown K, Abbott S, Kuzeljevic B, Rayment JH, Chilvers MA, Yang CL. An investigation into biomarkers for the diagnosis of ABPA and aspergillus disease in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2019; 54:1787-1793. [PMID: 31359612 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a hypersensitivity lung disease due to Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) which occurs in 10% of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). ABPA is associated with increased morbidity and accelerated lung function decline; however, existing diagnostic criteria are nonspecific and diagnosis remains challenging. As ABPA is driven by Th2 inflammation, the aim of this study was to evaluate exhaled nitric oxide (FE NO ), eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP), peripheral eosinophil count, and bronchodilator response (BDR) in patients with CF. METHODS A prospective observational cohort study of pediatric CF patients in a tertiary center. Patients had a clinical and serologic ABPA assessment, FENO , serum ECP, peripheral eosinophil count, and assessment of BDR. Patients were stratified into three groups; ABPA, Af sensitized (AFS), and non-ABPA non-Af-sensitized (non-AFS). RESULTS A total of 62 patients were included in the study: 13% ABPA, 19% AFS, and 68% non-AFS. Mean FENO was higher in the ABPA group at 37.8 ppb compared to AFS 15.1 ppb (P = .05) and non-AFS 13.7 ppb (P = .04). Mean peripheral eosinophil count in ABPA group was also higher at 1000 cells/uL, compared to AFS 221 cells/uL (P = .03) and non-AFS 220 cells/uL (P = .03). Mean BDR in ABPA group was 13% compared to 5.5% in non-AFS (P = .01). Serum ECP was higher in patients with ABPA positive compared to the other groups, although this was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION In children with cystic fibrosis, FENO and peripheral eosinophil counts are elevated in ABPA compared to those that are just sensitized to Aspergillus and may serve as useful diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Keown
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Salome Abbott
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Boris Kuzeljevic
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathan H Rayment
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark A Chilvers
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Connie L Yang
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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70
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Nakashima C, Ishida Y, Kitoh A, Otsuka A, Kabashima K. Interaction of peripheral nerves and mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils in the development of pruritus. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:1405-1411. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chisa Nakashima
- Department of Dermatology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ishida
- Department of Dermatology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan
| | - Akihiko Kitoh
- Department of Dermatology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan
| | - Atsushi Otsuka
- Department of Dermatology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan
- Translational Research Department for Skin and Brain Diseases Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Skin Research Institute of Singapore Biopolis Singapore
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71
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Varricchi G, Marone G, Spadaro G, Russo M, Granata F, Genovese A, Marone G. Novel Biological Therapies in Severe Asthma: Targeting the Right Trait. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:2801-2822. [PMID: 29318959 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180110094542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation that results in a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Patients with severe asthma represent a substantial share of consumption of healthcare resources and hospitalization. Moreover, these patients are at risk of increased morbidity and mortality. Recently, several phenotypes and endotypes of asthma have been identified. The identification of specific subtypes of asthma is fundamental for optimizing the clinical benefit of novel treatments. Although in most patients the disease can be controlled by some combination of pharmacologic agents, in some 5-10% of patients the disease remains uncontrolled. Several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting pathogenetic molecules (e.g., IgE, IL-5, IL- 5Rα, IL-4, IL-13, TSLP) are currently available or under development for the treatment of different forms of severe type 2 asthma. The identification of diagnostic and predictive biomarkers (e.g., IgE, blood eosinophil count, FeNO, periostin, etc.) has revolutioned the field of targeted therapy in severe asthma. Monoclonal antibodies targeting Th2-driven inflammation are generally safe in adult patients with moderate-to-severe asthma. The long-term safety of these biologics is a relevant issue that should be addressed. Unfortunately, little is known about non-type 2 asthma. Further studies are needed to identify biomarkers to guide targeted therapies of different forms of non-type 2 asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Marone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spadaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Russo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francescopaolo Granata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Genovese
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
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72
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Eaton P, do Amaral CP, Couto SCP, Oliveira MS, Vasconcelos AG, Borges TKS, Kückelhaus SAS, Leite JRSA, Muniz-Junqueira MI. Atomic Force Microscopy Is a Potent Technique to Study Eosinophil Activation. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1261. [PMID: 31632296 PMCID: PMC6781654 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are multifunctional cells with several functions both in healthy individuals, and those with several diseases. Increased number and morphological changes in eosinophils have been correlated with the severity of an acute asthma exacerbation. We measured eosinophils obtained from healthy controls and individuals with acute asthma using atomic force microscopy (AFM). In the control samples, cells showed more rounded morphologies with some spreading, while activated cells from symptomatic individuals were spreading, and presenting emission of multiple pseudopods. Eosinophils presenting separate granules close to the cells suggesting some degranulation was also increased in asthma samples. In comparison to histopathological techniques based on brightfield microscopy, AFM showed considerably more details of these morphological changes, making the technique much more sensitive to detect eosinophil morphological changes that indicate functional alteration of this cell. AFM could be an important tool to evaluate diseases with alterations in eosinophil functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Eaton
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Constança Pais do Amaral
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Shirley C P Couto
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Pathology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Mariangela S Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Pathology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Andreanne G Vasconcelos
- Research Center in Morphology and Applied Immunology, Morphology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Tatiana K S Borges
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Pathology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Selma A S Kückelhaus
- Research Center in Morphology and Applied Immunology, Morphology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - José Roberto S A Leite
- Research Center in Morphology and Applied Immunology, Morphology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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73
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Takemura N, Kurashima Y, Mori Y, Okada K, Ogino T, Osawa H, Matsuno H, Aayam L, Kaneto S, Park EJ, Sato S, Matsunaga K, Tamura Y, Ouchi Y, Kumagai Y, Kobayashi D, Suzuki Y, Yoshioka Y, Nishimura J, Mori M, Ishii KJ, Rothenberg ME, Kiyono H, Akira S, Uematsu S. Eosinophil depletion suppresses radiation-induced small intestinal fibrosis. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/429/eaan0333. [PMID: 29467297 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced intestinal fibrosis (RIF) is a serious complication after abdominal radiotherapy for pelvic tumor or peritoneal metastasis. Herein, we show that RIF is mediated by eosinophil interactions with α-smooth muscle actin-positive (α-SMA+) stromal cells. Abdominal irradiation caused RIF especially in the submucosa (SM) of the small intestine, which was associated with the excessive accumulation of eosinophils in both human and mouse. Eosinophil-deficient mice showed markedly ameliorated RIF, suggesting the importance of eosinophils. After abdominal irradiation, chronic crypt cell death caused elevation of extracellular adenosine triphosphate, which in turn activated expression of C-C motif chemokine 11 (CCL11) by pericryptal α-SMA+ cells in the SM to attract eosinophils in mice. Inhibition of C-C chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) by genetic deficiency or neutralizing antibody (Ab) treatment suppressed eosinophil accumulation in the SM after irradiation in mice, suggesting a critical role of the CCL11/CCR3 axis in the eosinophil recruitment. Activated α-SMA+ cells also expressed granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to activate eosinophils. Transforming growth factor-β1 from GM-CSF-stimulated eosinophils promoted collagen expression by α-SMA+ cells. In translational studies, treatment with a newly developed interleukin-5 receptor α-targeting Ab, analogous to the human agent benralizumab, depleted intestinal eosinophils and suppressed RIF in mice. Collectively, we identified eosinophils as a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of RIF and showed potential therapeutic strategies for RIF by targeting eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takemura
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Division of Innate Immune Regulation, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kurashima
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Division of Clinical Vaccinology, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yuki Mori
- Laboratory of Biofunctional Imaging, World Premier Institute (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuki Okada
- Immunology and Allergy R&D Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co. Ltd., 3-6-6 Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ogino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Mainz Medical Centre, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Hideki Osawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirosih Matsuno
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Lamichhane Aayam
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kaneto
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Eun Jeong Park
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Basic Medical Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shintaro Sato
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Mucosal Vaccine Project, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kouta Matsunaga
- Division of Innate Immune Regulation, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tamura
- Division of Innate Immune Regulation, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ouchi
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yutaro Kumagai
- Quantitative Immunology Research Unit, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daichi Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Medical Genome Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Yoshichika Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Biofunctional Imaging, World Premier Institute (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junichi Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Asagi Saito, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mark E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Division of Clinical Vaccinology, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uematsu
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan. .,Division of Innate Immune Regulation, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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74
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Vieira BM, de Souza dos Santos MC, Masid-de-Brito D, Queto T, Alves TM, Zani CL, Gaspar-Elsas MIC, Xavier-Elsas P. Potent stimulation of eosinopoiesis in murine bone-marrow by myriadenolide is mediated by cysteinyl-leukotriene signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:82-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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75
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Rygula A, Fernandes RF, Grosicki M, Kukla B, Leszczenko P, Augustynska D, Cernescu A, Dorosz A, Malek K, Baranska M. Raman imaging highlights biochemical heterogeneity of human eosinophils versus human eosinophilic leukaemia cell line. Br J Haematol 2019; 186:685-694. [PMID: 31134616 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophils are acidophilic granulocytes that develop in the bone marrow. Although their population contributes only to approximately 1-6% of all leucocytes present in the human blood, they possess a wide range of specific functions. They play a key role in inflammation-regulating processes, when their numbers can increased to above 5 × 109 /l of peripheral blood. Their characteristic feature is the presence of granules containing eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), the release of which can trigger a cascade of events promoting oxidative stress, apoptosis or necrosis, leading finally to cell death. Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique to detect EPO, which comprises a chromophore protoporphyrin IX. Another cell structure associated with inflammation processes are lipid bodies (lipid-rich organelles), also well recognized and imaged using high resolution confocal Raman spectroscopy. In this work, eosinophils isolated from the blood of a human donor were analysed versus their model, EoL-1 human eosinophilic leukaemia cell line, by Raman spectroscopic imaging. We showed that EPO was present only in primary cells and not found in the cell line. Eosinophils were activated using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, which resulted in lipid bodies formation. An effect of cells stimulation was studied and compared for eosinophils and EoL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rygula
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Rafaella F Fernandes
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Grosicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bozena Kukla
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Dominika Augustynska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Dorosz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamilla Malek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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76
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Bai C, Jiang D, Wang L, Xue F, Chen O. A high blood eosinophil count may be a risk factor for incident asthma in population at risk. Respir Med 2019; 151:59-65. [PMID: 31047119 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilia is considered to be associated with allergic disease and may predict asthma exacerbation. Eosinophils contribute to the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of asthma. However, studies on high blood eosinophil counts (BECs) and incident asthma remain scarce. OBJECTIVE To examine whether high BECs are positively associated with incident asthma in adults. METHODS Our study included 57975 participants aged from 20 to 79 years from the Shandong multi-center health check-up longitudinal study for Health Management. All patients with determined baseline BECs were ≥20 years old and free from asthma. We defined incident asthma as self-reported new-onset asthma occurring during the 10-year follow-up period. Multivariate modeling employed Poisson regression and Cox proportional hazards models to verify the association between BEC and incident asthma by adjusting demographics and some relevant comorbidities (rhinitis, nasal polyps, pneumonia, bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). RESULTS A BEC ≥110 cells/μL was a risk factor for incident asthma (adjusted IRR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.05-2.50, P = .028) in the Poisson regression. In the Cox proportional hazards model, the BEC cutoff point for incident asthma was also determined to be 110 cells/μL (HR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.01-2.51, P = .045). CONCLUSION A high BEC is a risk factor for incident asthma, especially when the BEC exceeds 110 cells/μL. This suggests that adults with high BECs are more likely to develop asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Bai
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Di Jiang
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liwen Wang
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fuzhong Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Ou Chen
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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77
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Lomborg N, Jakobsen M, Bode CS, Junker P. IgG4-related disease in patients with newly diagnosed idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: a population-based Danish study. Scand J Rheumatol 2019; 48:320-325. [DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2018.1551963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Lomborg
- Department of Rheumatology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - M Jakobsen
- Department of Pathology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - CS Bode
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Roskilde Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - P Junker
- Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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78
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Vasanthakumar A, Kallies A. Interleukin (IL)-33 and the IL-1 Family of Cytokines-Regulators of Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a028506. [PMID: 29101106 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines play an integral role in shaping innate and adaptive immune responses. Members of the interleukin (IL)-1 family regulate a plethora of immune-cell-mediated processes, which include pathogen defense and tissue homeostasis. Notably, the IL-1 family cytokine IL-33 promotes adaptive and innate type 2 immune responses, confers viral protection and facilitates glucose metabolism and tissue repair. At the cellular level, IL-33 stimulates differentiation, maintenance, and function of various immune cell types, including regulatory T cells, effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, macrophages, and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). Other IL-1 family members, such as IL-1β and IL-18 promote type 1 responses, while IL-37 limits immune activation. Although IL-1 cytokines play critical roles in immunity and tissue repair, their deregulated expression is often linked to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Therefore, IL-1 cytokines are regulated tightly by posttranscriptional mechanisms and decoy receptors. In this review, we discuss the biology and function of IL-1 family cytokines, with a specific focus on regulation and function of IL-33 in immune and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajithkumar Vasanthakumar
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Axel Kallies
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.,The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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79
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Group 2 innate lymphoid cells and eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 19:18-25. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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80
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Yu JE, Sim DW, Koh YI. Etiologies and differential markers of eosinophilia-associated diseases in the Allergy Department of a single university hospital. ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2019. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2019.7.3.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Yu
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Da Woon Sim
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young-Il Koh
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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81
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Janićijević Ž, Ninkov M, Kataranovski M, Radovanović F. Poly(DL-Lactide-co-ε-Caprolactone)/Poly(Acrylic Acid) Composite Implant for Controlled Delivery of Cationic Drugs. Macromol Biosci 2018; 19:e1800322. [PMID: 30548776 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Poly(DL-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone)/poly(acrylic acid) implantable composite reservoirs for cationic drugs are synthesized by sequentially applying photoirradiation and liquid phase inversion. The chemical composition and microstructure of reservoirs are characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Drug loading and release properties are investigated using methylene blue as the drug model. Biocompatibility of reservoirs is examined through a series of in vitro tests and an in vivo experiment of subcutaneous implantation in Dark Agouti rats. Reservoirs show good ion-exchange capacity, high water content, and fast reversible swelling with retained geometry. Results of drug loading and release reveal excellent loading efficiency and diffusion-controlled release during 2 weeks. Biocompatibility tests in vitro demonstrate the lack of implant proinflammatory potential and hindered adhesion of L929 cells on the implant surface. Implants exhibit low acute toxicity and elicit a normal acute foreign body reaction that reaches the early stages of fibrous capsule formation after 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Željko Janićijević
- University of Belgrade, School of Electrical Engineering, Bulevar kralja Aleksandra 73, 11120, Belgrade, Serbia.,Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35/IV, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Ninkov
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Kataranovski
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.,Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Studenstki trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Filip Radovanović
- Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35/IV, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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82
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Abstract
Immune cells are present in the adipose tissue (AT) and regulate its function. Under lean conditions, immune cells predominantly of type 2 immunity, including eosinophils, M2-like anti-inflammatory macrophages and innate lymphoid cells 2, contribute to the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis within the AT. In the course of obesity, pro-inflammatory immune cells, such as M1-like macrophages, prevail in the AT. Inflammation in the obese AT is associated with the development of metabolic complications such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Thus, the immune cell-adipocyte crosstalk in the AT is an important regulator of AT function and systemic metabolism. We discuss herein this crosstalk with a special focus on the role of innate immune cells in AT inflammation and metabolic homeostasis in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Jin Chung
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Marina Nati
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
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83
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Ueki S, Hebisawa A, Kitani M, Asano K, Neves JS. Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis-A Luminal Hypereosinophilic Disease With Extracellular Trap Cell Death. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2346. [PMID: 30364279 PMCID: PMC6193060 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is characterized by an early allergic response and late-phase lung injury in response to repeated exposure to Aspergillus antigens, as a consequence of persistent fungal colonization of the airways. Here, we summarize the clinical and pathological features of ABPA, focusing on thick mucus plugging, a key observation in ABPA. Recent findings have indicated that luminal eosinophils undergo cytolytic extracellular trap cell death (ETosis) and release filamentous chromatin fibers (extracellular traps, ETs) by direct interaction with Aspergillus fumigatus. Production of ETs is considered to be an innate immune response against non-phagocytable pathogens using a "trap and kill" mechanism, although eosinophil ETs do not promote A. fumigatus damage or killing. Compared with neutrophils, eosinophil ETs are composed of stable and condensed chromatin fibers and thus might contribute to the higher viscosity of eosinophilic mucus. The major fate of massively accumulated eosinophils in the airways is ETosis, which potentially induces the release of toxic granule proteins and damage-associated molecular patterns, epithelial damage, and further decreases mucus clearance. This new perspective on ABPA as a luminal hypereosinophilic disease with ETosis/ETs could provide a better understanding of airway mucus plugging and contribute to future therapeutic strategies for this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeharu Ueki
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Akira Hebisawa
- Clinical Research Center and Pathology Division, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Kitani
- Clinical Research Center and Pathology Division, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Asano
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Josiane S Neves
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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84
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Leiferman KM, Peters MS. Eosinophil-Related Disease and the Skin. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2018; 6:1462-1482.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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85
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Haematological alterations in non-human hosts infected with Trypanosoma cruzi: a systematic review. Parasitology 2018; 146:142-160. [PMID: 30070181 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182018001294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
American trypanosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease whose spectrum has not been quite understood, including the impact of Trypanosoma cruzi infection on the haematological parameters of different vertebrate hosts. Thus, this study was designed to compare the pattern of haematological changes induced by T. cruzi infection in order to identify possible species-specific differences among taxons. We also aimed at evaluating the use of this parameter as a tool for diagnosis during the acute phase, when symptoms are usually masked. For this purpose, we performed a systematic search on PubMed and Scopus databases to retrieve original studies published until August 2016. Thirty-one studies were selected using Prisma strategy, which were then submitted to data extraction and methodological bias analysis. Half of the studies showed that the number of erythrogram decreased in infected animals, indicating anaemia. In 68.2% of the studies, the total amount of leukogram values increased, suggesting infection. The main methodological limitations were insufficient information for T. cruzi strains identification, inoculation routes and parasitological characterization. Most of the mammalian species analysed showed the same pattern of haematological changes following T. cruzi infection, indicating that haematological parameters might direct the diagnosis of Chagas disease in the initial phase.
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86
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Bochner BS. The eosinophil: For better or worse, in sickness and in health. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 121:150-155. [PMID: 29499369 PMCID: PMC6087501 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce S Bochner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
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87
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Ohta N, Ueki S, Konno Y, Hirokawa M, Kubota T, Tomioka-Matsutani S, Suzuki T, Ishida Y, Kawano T, Miyasaka T, Takahashi T, Suzuki T, Ohno I, Kakehata S, Fujieda S. ETosis-derived DNA trap production in middle ear effusion is a common feature of eosinophilic otitis media. Allergol Int 2018; 67:414-416. [PMID: 29242145 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Ohta
- Division of Otolaryngology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan; Yamagata City Hospital Saiseikan, Yamagata, Japan.
| | - Shigeharu Ueki
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yasunori Konno
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Makoto Hirokawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Toshinori Kubota
- Yamagata City Hospital Saiseikan, Yamagata, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | | | | | - Yusuke Ishida
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tasuku Kawano
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Miyasaka
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takahashi
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tatsutoshi Suzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kitasato University Faculty of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Isao Ohno
- Center for Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Seiji Kakehata
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Fujieda
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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88
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Matucci A, Vultaggio A, Maggi E, Kasujee I. Is IgE or eosinophils the key player in allergic asthma pathogenesis? Are we asking the right question? Respir Res 2018; 19:113. [PMID: 29879991 PMCID: PMC5992661 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma (BA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with a marked heterogeneity in pathophysiology and etiology. The heterogeneity of BA may be related to the inducing mechanism(s) (allergic vs non-allergic), the histopathological background (eosinophilic vs non-eosinophilic), and the clinical manifestations, particularly in terms of severity and frequency of exacerbations. Asthma can be divided into at least two different endotypes based on the degree of Th2 inflammation (T2 'high' and T2 'low'). For patients with severe uncontrolled asthma, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against immunoglobulin E (IgE) or interleukin (IL)-5 are now available as add-on treatments. Treatment decisions for individual patients should consider the biological background in terms of the "driving mechanisms" of inflammation as this should predict the patients' likely responses to treatment. The question is not whether an anti-IgE or an anti-eosinophilic strategy is more effective, but rather what the mechanism is at the origin of the airway. While IgE is involved early in the inflammatory cascade and can be considered as a cause of allergic asthma, eosinophilia can be considered a consequence of the whole process. This article discusses the different roles of the IgE and IL-5/eosinophil pathways in the pathogenic mechanisms of airway inflammation occurring in allergic asthma, and the possible reasons to choose an anti-IgE mAb or anti-IL-5 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Matucci
- Immunoallergology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Vultaggio
- Immunoallergology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Maggi
- Center for Research, Transfer and High Education DENOTHE, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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89
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Terhune TD, Deth RC. Aluminum Adjuvant-Containing Vaccines in the Context of the Hygiene Hypothesis: A Risk Factor for Eosinophilia and Allergy in a Genetically Susceptible Subpopulation? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E901. [PMID: 29751492 PMCID: PMC5981940 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There are similarities between the immune response following immunization with aluminum adjuvants and the immune response elicited by some helminthic parasites, including stimulation of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophilia. Immunization with aluminum adjuvants, as with helminth infection, induces a Th2 type cell mediated immune response, including eosinophilia, but does not induce an environment conducive to the induction of regulatory mechanisms. Helminths play a role in what is known as the hygiene hypothesis, which proposes that decreased exposure to microbes during a critical time in early life has resulted in the increased prevalence and morbidity of asthma and atopic disorders over the past few decades, especially in Western countries. In addition, gut and lung microbiome composition and their interaction with the immune system plays an important role in a properly regulated immune system. Disturbances in microbiome composition are a risk factor for asthma and allergies. We propose that immunization with aluminum adjuvants in general is not favorable for induction of regulatory mechanisms and, in the context of the hygiene hypothesis and microbiome theory, can be viewed as an amplifying factor and significant contributing risk factor for allergic diseases, especially in a genetically susceptible subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd D Terhune
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, 1382 Terry Bldg, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| | - Richard C Deth
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, 1382 Terry Bldg, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
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90
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Yanagibashi T, Satoh M, Nagai Y, Koike M, Takatsu K. Allergic diseases: From bench to clinic - Contribution of the discovery of interleukin-5. Cytokine 2018; 98:59-70. [PMID: 28863833 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
T helper 2 cells produce a number of cytokines including inteleukin (IL)-5, IL-4 and IL-13. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) also produce IL-5 under sterile conditions. IL-5 is interdigitating homodimeric glycoprotein and a member of the four α helical bundle motifs conserved among hematopoietic cytokines. IL-5 exerts its effects on target cells via IL-5 receptor (IL-5R), composed of an IL-5R α and βc subunit. The membrane proximal proline-rich motif of the cytoplasmic domain of both IL-5R α and βc subunits is essential for IL-5 signal transduction. Although IL-5 was initially identified by its ability to support the growth and terminal differentiation of mouse B cells into antibody-secreting cells, recombinant IL-5 exerts pleiotropic activities on various target cells. For example, IL-5 is now recognized as the major maturation and differentiation factor for eosinophils in mice and humans. Overexpression of IL-5 in mouse significantly increases eosinophil numbers and antibody levels in vivo, while mice lacking a functional gene for IL-5 or IL-5R display developmental and functional impairments in B cell and eosinophil lineages. In mice, the role of the IL-5/IL-5R system in the production and secretion of Immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgA in mucosal tissues has been reported. Although eosinophils protect against invading pathogens including virus, bacteria and helminthes, they are also involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, such as food allergy, asthma, and inflammatory bowel diseases. The recent expansion in our understanding in the context of IL-5 and IL-5-producing ILC2s in eosinophil activation and the pathogenesis of eosinophil-dependent inflammatory diseases has led to advances in therapeutic options. A new therapy currently under invetigarion in clinical trials uses humanized monoclonal antibodies against IL-5 or the IL-5R. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the functions of IL-5 and its receptor, the innate regulation of IL-5-producing cells, and therapeutic potential of anti-IL-5 and anti-eosinophil (IL-5R) antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Yanagibashi
- Toyama Prefectural Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, 17-1 Nakataikouyama, Imizu City, Toyama 939-0363, Japan; Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Satoh
- Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Otemachi Finamcial City Grand Cube, 1-9-2, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8185, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Nagai
- Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Masamichi Koike
- Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Otemachi Finamcial City Grand Cube, 1-9-2, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8185, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takatsu
- Toyama Prefectural Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, 17-1 Nakataikouyama, Imizu City, Toyama 939-0363, Japan; Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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91
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The inflammatory makeup of severe asthma is heterogeneous. Identification of the predominant cellular endotype via biomarkers can aid in the selection of more advanced therapies. This review is clinically focused on how to use these biomarkers to help select between biologic agents and/or bronchial thermoplasty. RECENT FINDINGS Several Th2 biomarkers exist for the detection of eosinophilic disease; however, the best biomarker for clinical practice is debatable depending upon local resources. Currently, there are three federal drug agency-approved biologic agents (omalizumab, mepolizumab and reslizumab) to treat severe asthma with frequent exacerbations despite standard medical therapy. Several others are either in clinical trials or in the development phase for the treatment of eosinophilic asthma. To date, agents targeting neutrophilic inflammation have been largely unsuccessful. Bronchial thermoplasty has emerged as an option for the treatment of severe asthma. SUMMARY The appropriate selection of patients through the use of eosinophilic biomarkers has led to significant reductions in exacerbations with the use of mAb therapy. Bronchial thermoplasty has also shown reductions in asthma exacerbations and improved quality of life; however, it is unclear which patients may respond best to this intervention.
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92
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Bagnasco D, Ferrando M, Caminati M, Bragantini A, Puggioni F, Varricchi G, Passalacqua G, Canonica GW. Targeting Interleukin-5 or Interleukin-5Rα: Safety Considerations. Drug Saf 2018; 40:559-570. [PMID: 28321782 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-017-0522-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a highly prevalent chronic disease of the airways; approximately 10% of patients with asthma will experience a severe form of the disease. New understanding of the pathogenesis of asthma has enabled the development of novel drugs and provided hope for patients with asthma. Interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-5 receptor subunit α (IL-5-Rα) plays a crucial role in the development, maturation, and operation of eosinophils so were the first important therapeutic target of these new drugs. While the results of early clinical trials of these drugs were not promising, results improved once researchers discovered the drugs worked best in patients with high eosinophil levels. Patients treated with both anti-IL-5 and IL-5-Rα experienced significant decreases in exacerbations. Trials have also demonstrated promising safety profiles; adverse events have been few and frequently only observed with placebo or considered unrelated to the study drug. The positive efficacy and safety profiles of these drugs has led to trials with interesting results in other diseases that are also secondary to the action of eosinophils: Churg-Strauss syndrome, hypereosinophilic syndrome, nasal polyposis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atopic dermatitis, and esophagitis. In this review, we explore the main clinical trials of anti-IL-5 and IL-5-Rα, both in asthma and in other pathologies, with particular reference to the interesting safety and efficacy results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Bagnasco
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Ferrando
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Caminati
- Allergy Unit, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alice Bragantini
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Puggioni
- Respiratory Disease Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Passalacqua
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
- Respiratory Disease Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.
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93
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Cazzola M, Matera MG, Levi-Schaffer F, Rogliani P. Safety of humanized monoclonal antibodies against IL-5 in asthma: focus on reslizumab. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2018; 17:429-435. [PMID: 29486600 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2018.1446940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reslizumab, a humanized mAb against IL-5, reduces the number of eosinophils in the blood and lungs. Based on efficacy and safety data from pivotal RCTs, reslizumab had been approved for use as an add-on maintenance treatment of severe asthma with an eosinophilic phenotype in adults who have a history of exacerbations despite receiving their current asthma medicines. Areas covered: Current literature on reslizumab has been reviewed with a specific focus on its safety profile in the treatment of severe asthma. Expert opinion: Large pivotal and supportive trials reinforce the view that reslizumab is well tolerated, with an acceptable safety profile in patients exposed for longer than 2 years. However, no or few data concerning safety in special populations such as smokers, those with immune- and cellular senescence, patients with comorbidities and those receiving multi-drug treatments are available as yet. Furthermore, we need to fully elucidate some fundamental issues such as the risk of anaphylaxis and the long-term risk-benefit ratio of the impact of depletion of eosinophils and the potential risk of malignancies induced by a treatment with this anti-IL-5 agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cazzola
- a Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery , University of Rome 'Tor Vergata' , Rome , Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Matera
- b Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli' , Naples , Italy
| | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- c Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine , Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Paola Rogliani
- a Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery , University of Rome 'Tor Vergata' , Rome , Italy
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94
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Brunet BA, Sugg RM, Stewart P. Hypereosinophilic syndrome presenting acutely with neurologic signs. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 120:461-464. [PMID: 29501486 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Brunet
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.
| | - Rebecca M Sugg
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; Department of Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Patricia Stewart
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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95
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Valent P, Reiter A, Gotlib J. Eosinophilia, Eosinophil-Associated Diseases, Eosinophilic Leukemias, and the Hypereosinophilic Syndromes. Hematology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35762-3.00071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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96
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Stephen B, Hajjar J. Overview of Basic Immunology and Translational Relevance for Clinical Investigators. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 995:1-41. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02505-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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97
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Polis B, Polis L, Zeman K, Paśnik J, Nowosławska E. Unexpected eosinophilia in children affected by hydrocephalus accompanied with shunt infection. Childs Nerv Syst 2018; 34:2399-2405. [PMID: 30032408 PMCID: PMC6224006 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-018-3908-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the article is to describe an immunological reaction to shunt infection in children with hydrocephalus. The main cause of shunt infection involves methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (Bhatia et al. Indian J Med Microbiol 35:120-123, 2017; Hayhurst et al. Childs Nerv Syst 24:557-562, 2008; Martínez-Lage et al. Childs Nerv Syst 26: 1795-1798, 2010; Simon et al. PLoS One, 2014; Snowden et al. PLoS One 8:e84089, 2013; Turgut et al. Pediatr Neurosurg 41:131-136, 2005), a bacterial strain which is responsible for the formation of biofilm on contaminated catheters (Snowden et al. PLoS One 8:e84089, 2013; Stevens et al. Br J of Neurosurg 26: 792-797, 2012). METHODS The study group involved 30 children with congenital hydrocephalus after shunt system implantation, whose procedures were complicated by S. epidermidis implant infection. Thirty children with congenital hydrocephalus awaiting their first-time shunt implantation formed the control group. The level of eosinophils in peripheral blood was assessed in both groups. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was examined for protein level, pleocytosis, interleukins, CCL26/Eotaxin-3, IL-5, IL-6, CCL11/Eotaxin-1, CCL3/MIP-1a, and MBP. Three measurements were performed in the study group. The first measurement was obtained at the time of shunt infection diagnosis, the second one at the time of the first sterile shunt, and the third one at the time of shunt reimplantation. In the control group, blood and CSF samples were taken once, at the time of shunt implantation. RESULTS In the clinical material, the highest values of eosinophils in peripheral blood and CSF pleocytosis were observed in the second measurement. It was accompanied by an increase in the majority of analyzed CSF interleukins. CONCLUSION CSF pleocytosis observed in the study group shortly after CSF sterilization is presumably related to an allergic reaction to Staphylococcus epidermidis, the causative agent of ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Polis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Rzgowska st 281/289, 93-338 Łódź, Poland
| | - Lech Polis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Rzgowska st 281/289, 93-338 Łódź, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Zeman
- Department of Pediatrics and Immunology with Nephrology Unit, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Rzgowska st 281/289, 93-338 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jarosław Paśnik
- Department of Pediatrics and Immunology with Nephrology Unit, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Rzgowska st 281/289, 93-338 Łódź, Poland
| | - Emilia Nowosławska
- Department of Neurosurgery, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Rzgowska st 281/289, 93-338, Łódź, Poland.
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98
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Schuster D, Zederbauer M, Langer T, Kubin A, Furtmüller PG. Pharmacophore-based discovery of 2-(phenylamino)aceto-hydrazides as potent eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:1529-1536. [PMID: 30284485 PMCID: PMC6179059 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1512598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in developing novel eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) inhibitors, in order to provide new treatment strategies against chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases caused by eosinophilic disorder. Within this study, a ligand-based pharmacophore model for EPO inhibitors was generated and used for in silico screening of large 3 D molecular structure databases, containing more than 4 million compounds. Hits obtained were clustered and a total of 277 compounds were selected for biological assessment. A class of 2-(phenyl)amino-aceto-hydrazides with different substitution pattern on the aromatic ring was found to contain the most potent EPO inhibitors, exhibiting IC50 values down to 10 nM. The generated pharmacophore model therefore, represents a valuable tool for the selection of compounds for biological testing. The compounds identified as potent EPO inhibitors will serve to initiate a hit to lead and lead optimisation program for the development of new therapeutics against eosinophilic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Schuster
- Institute of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Paracelsus Medical Private University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Paul G. Furtmüller
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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99
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Kim JH, Ha YJ, Kang EH, Song YW, Lee YJ. Case of Idiopathic Hypereosinophilic Syndrome with Articular Involvement. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2018. [DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2018.25.3.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyoun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - You-Jung Ha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun Ha Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yeong Wook Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- WCU Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Jong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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100
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Liu L, Wei D, Qu Z, Sun L, Miao Y, Yang Y, Lu J, Du W, Wang B, Li B. A safety and immunogenicity study of a novel subunit plague vaccine in cynomolgus macaques. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 38:408-417. [PMID: 29134676 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Plague has led to millions of deaths in history and outbreaks continue to the present day. The efficacy limitations and safety concerns of the existing killed whole cell and live-attenuated vaccines call for the development of new vaccines. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of a novel subunit plague vaccine, comprising native F1 antigen and recombinant V antigen. The cynomolgus macaques in low- and high-dose vaccine groups were vaccinated at weeks 0, 2, 4 and 6, at dose levels of 15 μg F1 + 15 μg rV and 30 μg F1 + 30 μg rV respectively. Specific antibodies and interferon-γ and interleukin-2 expression in lymphocytes were measured. For safety, except for the general toxicity and local irritation, we made a systematic immunotoxicity study on the vaccine including immunostimulation, autoimmunity and anaphylactic reaction. The vaccine induced high levels of serum anti-F1 and anti-rV antibodies, and caused small increases of interferon-γ and interleukin-2 in monkeys. The vaccination led to a reversible increase in the number of peripheral blood eosinophils, the increases in serum IgE level in a few animals and histopathological change of granulomas at injection sites. The vaccine had no impact on general conditions, most clinical pathology parameters, percentages of T-cell subsets, organ weights and gross pathology of treated monkeys and had passable local tolerance. The F1 + rV subunit plague vaccine can induce very strong humoral immunity and low level of cellular immunity in cynomolgus macaques and has a good safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, A8 Hong Da Middle Street, Yizhuang Economic Development Area, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Dong Wei
- Institute for the Control of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, 31 Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing, 102269, China
| | - Zhe Qu
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, A8 Hong Da Middle Street, Yizhuang Economic Development Area, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Li Sun
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, A8 Hong Da Middle Street, Yizhuang Economic Development Area, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yufa Miao
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, A8 Hong Da Middle Street, Yizhuang Economic Development Area, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yanwei Yang
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, A8 Hong Da Middle Street, Yizhuang Economic Development Area, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Jinbiao Lu
- Institute for the Control of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, 31 Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing, 102269, China
| | - Weixin Du
- Institute for the Control of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, 31 Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing, 102269, China
| | - Bingxiang Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd. 888 Yanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Bo Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, 31 Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing, 102269, China
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