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Background: Carbon Nanotubes for Targeted Drug Delivery. CARBON NANOTUBES FOR TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-0910-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Nanoparticles applied to cancer immunoregulation. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2018; 24:47-55. [PMID: 30425606 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim In recent years, we have seen a considerable increase in the relevance of nanostructures for the safe delivery of therapeutic agents and their capacity as an immunomodulatory tool. Materials and methods Potential clinical applications related to their unique structural properties have been described in the evolving landscape of immunotherapy. Results This review briefly summarizes the evidence for the role of nanoparticles in regulating the immune response. Conclusions Their main features to highlight how to provide an innovative means of biomedical application to oncology research.
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Contreras ML, Torres C, Villarroel I, Rozas R. Molecular dynamics assessment of doxorubicin–carbon nanotubes molecular interactions for the design of drug delivery systems. Struct Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-018-1210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Knudsen KB, Berthing T, Jackson P, Poulsen SS, Mortensen A, Jacobsen NR, Skaug V, Szarek J, Hougaard KS, Wolff H, Wallin H, Vogel U. Physicochemical predictors of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-induced pulmonary histopathology and toxicity one year after pulmonary deposition of 11 different Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 124:211-227. [PMID: 30168672 PMCID: PMC7379927 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are widely used nanomaterials that cause pulmonary toxicity upon inhalation. The physicochemical properties of MWCNT vary greatly, which makes general safety evaluation challenging to conduct. Identification of the toxicity‐inducing physicochemical properties of MWCNT is therefore of great importance. We have evaluated histological changes in lung tissue 1 year after a single intratracheal instillation of 11 well‐characterized MWCNT in female C57BL/6N BomTac mice. Genotoxicity in liver and spleen was evaluated by the comet assay. The dose of 54 μg MWCNT corresponds to three times the estimated dose accumulated during a work life at a NIOSH recommended exposure limit (0.001 mg/m3). Short and thin MWCNT were observed as agglomerates in lung tissue 1 year after exposure, whereas thicker and longer MWCNT were detected as single fibres, suggesting biopersistence of both types of MWCNT. The thin and entangled MWCNT induced varying degree of pulmonary inflammation, in terms of lymphocytic aggregates, granulomas and macrophage infiltration, whereas two thick and straight MWCNT did not. By multiple regression analysis, larger diameter and higher content of iron predicted less histopathological changes, whereas higher cobalt content significantly predicted more histopathological changes. No MWCNT‐related fibrosis or tumours in the lungs or pleura was found. One thin and entangled MWCNT induced increased levels of DNA strand breaks in liver; however, no physicochemical properties could be related to genotoxicity. This study reveals physicochemical‐dependent difference in MWCNT‐induced long‐term, pulmonary histopathological changes. Identification of diameter size and cobalt content as important for MWCNT toxicity provides clues for designing MWCNT, which cause reduced human health effects following pulmonary exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina B Knudsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Trine Berthing
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Petra Jackson
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Sarah S Poulsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Alicja Mortensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Nicklas R Jacobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Vidar Skaug
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Józef Szarek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Karin S Hougaard
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Henrik Wolff
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Håkan Wallin
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, DTU, Lyngby, Denmark
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The Yin and Yang of carbon nanomaterials in atherosclerosis. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:2232-2247. [PMID: 30342084 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With unique characteristics such as high surface area, capacity of various functionalization, low weight, high conductivity, thermal and chemical stability, and free radical scavenging, carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerene, graphene (oxide), carbon nanohorns (CNHs), and their derivatives have increasingly been utilized in nanomedicine and biomedicine. On the one hand, owing to ever-increasing applications of CNMs in technological and industrial fields as well as presence of combustion-derived CNMs in the ambient air, the skepticism has risen over the adverse effects of CNMs on human being. The influences of CNMs on cardiovascular system and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as atherosclerosis, of which consequences are ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke, as the main causes of death, is of paramount importance. In this regard, several studies have been devoted to specify the biomedical applications and cardiovascular toxicity of CNMs. Therefore, the aim of this review is to specify the roles and applications of various CNMs in atherosclerosis, and also identify the key role playing parameters in cardiovascular toxicity of CNMs so as to be a clue for prospective deployment of CNMs.
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Liu M, Ma W, Li Q, Zhao D, Shao X, Huang Q, Hao L, Lin Y. Aptamer-targeted DNA nanostructures with doxorubicin to treat protein tyrosine kinase 7-positive tumours. Cell Prolif 2018; 52:e12511. [PMID: 30311693 PMCID: PMC6430458 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Aptamer sgc8c is a short DNA sequence that can target protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7), which was overexpressed on many tumour cells. This study aimed to fabricate a novelty DNA nanostructure drug delivery system target on PTK7‐positive cells—CCRF‐CEM (human T‐cell ALL). Methods Aptamer‐modified tetrahedron DNA was synthesized through one‐step thermal annealing process. The sgc8c‐TDNs (s‐TDNs) loading DOX complexes were applied to investigate the effect to PTK7‐negative and ‐positive cells. Results When s‐TDN:DOX acted on PTK7‐positive and ‐negative cells respectively, the complexes exhibited specific toxic effect on PTK7‐positive cells but not on PTK7‐negative Ramos cells in vitro research. Conclusions In this work, we successfully constructed a PTK7‐targeting aptamer‐guided DNA tetrahedral nanostructure (s‐TDN) as a drug delivery system via a facile one‐pot synthesis method. The results showed that s‐TDN:DOX exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity against PTK7‐positive CCRF‐CEM cells, with a minor effect against PTK7‐negative Ramos cells. Hence, this functionalized TDNs drug delivery system displayed its potential application in targeting PTK7‐positive tumour T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianshun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoru Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liying Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Komorowski P, Siatkowska M, Wasiak T, Działoszyńska K, Kotarba S, Kądzioła K, Bartoszek N, Sokołowska P, Elgalal M, Sobol‐Pacyniak A, Makowski K, Walkowiak B. Simultaneous transcriptome and proteome analysis of EA.hy926 cells under stress conditions induced by nanomaterials. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:1024-1034. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Komorowski
- Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics LaboratoryBionanopark Ltd. Lodz Poland
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Materials ScienceLodz University of Technology Lodz Poland
- BioTechMed Advanced Technology Centre Lodz Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Wasiak
- Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics LaboratoryBionanopark Ltd. Lodz Poland
| | - Katarzyna Działoszyńska
- Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics LaboratoryBionanopark Ltd. Lodz Poland
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Materials ScienceLodz University of Technology Lodz Poland
| | - Sylwia Kotarba
- Biosensor and Organic Electronics LaboratoryBionanopark Ltd. Lodz Poland
| | - Kinga Kądzioła
- Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics LaboratoryBionanopark Ltd. Lodz Poland
| | - Nina Bartoszek
- Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics LaboratoryBionanopark Ltd. Lodz Poland
| | - Paulina Sokołowska
- Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics LaboratoryBionanopark Ltd. Lodz Poland
| | - Marcin Elgalal
- Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics LaboratoryBionanopark Ltd. Lodz Poland
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Radiation and Isotope TherapyMedical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Anna Sobol‐Pacyniak
- Department of Internal Medicine and DiabetologyMedical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
- Norbert Barlicki Memorial Teaching Hospital No. 1 Lodz Poland
| | - Krzysztof Makowski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Materials ScienceLodz University of Technology Lodz Poland
- Industrial Biotechnology LaboratoryBionanopark Ltd Lodz Poland
| | - Bogdan Walkowiak
- Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics LaboratoryBionanopark Ltd. Lodz Poland
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Materials ScienceLodz University of Technology Lodz Poland
- BioTechMed Advanced Technology Centre Lodz Poland
- Industrial Biotechnology LaboratoryBionanopark Ltd Lodz Poland
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Morphological Modification of Carbon Nanoparticles after Interacting with Methotrexate as a Potential Anticancer Agent. Pharm Res 2018; 35:184. [PMID: 30073628 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2468-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Production of highly penetrable and targetable drug delivery particles is mainly focused by current therapy and such focus is achieved in our present study. The carbon nanoparticle (CNP) prepared from purely natural source was modified from spherical shape to cylindrical floral like structure after treatment with the anticancer drug methotrexate (CM). METHODS The physiochemical properties of the CNP and CM was characterized using FT-IR/Raman Spectrometer, XRD, SEM, AFM, particle size analyzer and its biological evaluation using haemolysis and MTT assay. RESULTS The shift in FT-IR peaks at 1592, 1120 cm-1 and peaks of raman spectra observed at 1303, 1300 cm-1 represents ordered carbon nanotubes. The morphological change from spherical to cylindrical floral like structure was observed using SEM and AFM and its particle size distribution analysis shows an average diameter of 269 nm for CM. XRD peak at 2θ = 23.86° (002) indicates the presence of large amount of amorphous material that corresponds to multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Haemocompatibility studies proved the safety level usage as 100 μg/ml and MTT assay shows viability rate of 85-98% with mouse embryonic fibroblast (NIH/3 T3) and 30-45% with pancreatic carcinoma (MIA PaCa-2) and gastric cancer cell lines (SNU- 484) respectively.These results are also supported by phase contrast microscope images observed after staining with calcein AM and EthD-1. CONCLUSIONS The morphologically modified CNPs has shown good anticancer, biocompatibility and haemocompatibility property which is an important criterion to be satisfied by a biomedical product.
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Zhu Y, Sun Q, Liu Y, Ma T, Su L, Liu S, Shi X, Han D, Liang F. Decorating gold nanostars with multiwalled carbon nanotubes for photothermal therapy. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:180159. [PMID: 30225009 PMCID: PMC6124138 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes have attracted substantial attention in recent years for their potential applications in photothermal therapy (PTT) as an emerging breakthrough in cancer treatment. Herein, a hybrid nanomaterial of gold nanostars/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was synthesized by two-step reduction via the control of several synthetic conditions such as the reducing agent, pH value, concentration and ratio of reagents. The material shows good biocompatibility and high photothermal conversion efficiency, demonstrating its applicability in PTT. The lack of surfactant in the synthesis process made the hybrid nanomaterial cell-friendly, with no effects on viability in vitro. The MWCNT/gold nanostars hybrid nanomaterial presented 12.4% higher photothermal efficiency than gold nanostars alone and showed a 2.4-fold increase over gold nanospheres based on a heating test under 808 nm laser irradiation. Moreover, the MWCNTs/gold nanostars at low concentration (0.32 nM) exhibited remarkably improved photothermal cancer cell-killing efficacy, which may be attributed to the surface plasmon resonance absorption of the gold nanostars and the combined effects of enhanced coupling between the MWCNTs and gold nanostars. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the MWCNTs/gold nanostars developed herein show prominent photothermal value, and thus may serve as a novel photothermal agent for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory for Refractories and Metallurgy, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanmei Sun
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingzhu Liu
- The State Key Laboratory for Refractories and Metallurgy, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Ma
- The State Key Laboratory for Refractories and Metallurgy, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Su
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Sidi Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Han
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liang
- The State Key Laboratory for Refractories and Metallurgy, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, People's Republic of China
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Huth K, Glaeske M, Achazi K, Gordeev G, Kumar S, Arenal R, Sharma SK, Adeli M, Setaro A, Reich S, Haag R. Fluorescent Polymer-Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Complexes with Charged and Noncharged Dendronized Perylene Bisimides for Bioimaging Studies. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1800796. [PMID: 29870583 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanomaterials are expected to revolutionize medical diagnostic, imaging, and therapeutic tools due to their superior optical and structural properties. Their inefficient water solubility, cell permeability, biodistribution, and high toxicity, however, limit the full potential of their application. To overcome these obstacles, a water-soluble, fluorescent, cytocompatible polymer-single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) complex is introduced for bioimaging applications. The supramolecular complex consists of an alkylated polymer conjugated with neutral hydroxylated or charged sulfated dendronized perylene bisimides (PBIs) and SWNTs as a general immobilization platform. The polymer backbone solubilizes the SWNTs, decorates them with fluorescent PBIs, and strongly improves their cytocompatibility by wrapping around the SWNT scaffold. In photophysical measurements and biological in vitro studies, sulfated complexes exhibit superior optical properties, cellular uptake, and intracellular staining over their hydroxylated analogs. A toxicity assay confirms the highly improved cytocompatibility of the polymer-wrapped SWNTs toward surfactant-solubilized SWNTs. In microscopy studies the complexes allow for the direct imaging of the SWNTs' cellular uptake via the PBI and SWNT emission using the 1st and 2nd optical window for bioimaging. These findings render the polymer-SWNT complexes with nanometer size, dual fluorescence, multiple charges, and high cytocompatibility as valuable systems for a broad range of fluorescence bioimaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Huth
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mareen Glaeske
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Achazi
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georgy Gordeev
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shiv Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Raúl Arenal
- Institute of Nanoscience of Aragon (INA), Advanced Microscopy Laboratory (LMA), University of Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
- Foundation ARAID, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sunil K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Mohsen Adeli
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, Khorram Abad, 68151-44316, Iran
| | - Antonio Setaro
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Reich
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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Geng W, Wang L, Jiang N, Cao J, Xiao YX, Wei H, Yetisen AK, Yang XY, Su BL. Single cells in nanoshells for the functionalization of living cells. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:3112-3129. [PMID: 29393952 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08556g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the characteristics of cells in live organisms, new types of hybrids have been designed comprising live cells and abiotic materials having a variety of structures and functionalities. The major goal of these studies is to uncover hybridization approaches that promote cell stabilization and enable the introduction of new functions into living cells. Single-cells in nanoshells have great potential in a large number of applications including bioelectronics, cell protection, cell therapy, and biocatalysis. In this review, we discuss the results of investigations that have focused on the synthesis, structuration, functionalization, and applications of these single-cells in nanoshells. We describe synthesis methods to control the structural and functional features of single-cells in nanoshells, and further develop their applications in sustainable energy, environmental remediation, green biocatalysis, and smart cell therapy. Perceived limitations of single-cells in nanoshells have been also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122, Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Li Y, Zhao Y, Tian E, Ren Y. Preparation and characterization of novel forward osmosis membrane incorporated with sulfonated carbon nanotubes. RSC Adv 2018; 8:41032-41039. [PMID: 35557882 PMCID: PMC9091615 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08900k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were modified with sulfonated groups and incorporated into the active layer of a forward osmosis (FO) membrane to achieve a desirable thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) FO membrane. Different concentrations of sulfonated carbon nanotubes (SCNTs) were added, and their impact on the FO membrane was also investigated, including the hydrophilicity, roughness, membrane morphology and FO performance. With the addition of SCNTs, the membrane surface got smoother and denser, and the hydrophilicity also improved significantly. Regarding FO performance, SCNTs-functionalized FO membranes exhibited higher water flux (Jw) and lower reverse salt flux (Js). The optimal Jw of 29.9 ± 1.6 LMH was achieved by using 1 M NaCl solution as the draw solution (DS) and deionized (DI) water as the feed solution (FS), almost 140% higher than the control (21.3 ± 2.1 LMH) and Js decreased to about 12%. In this study, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were modified with sulfonated groups and incorporated into the active layer of a forward osmosis (FO) membrane to achieve a desirable thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) FO membrane.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Li
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Yuntao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Enling Tian
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Yiwei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chongqing
- China
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Emergence in the functionalized carbon nanotubes as smart nanocarriers for drug delivery applications. FULLERENS, GRAPHENES AND NANOTUBES 2018. [PMCID: PMC7149356 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-813691-1.00004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are the newer generation advanced materials for diverse applications, starting from physical, mechanical, chemical and biological sciences. However, the present era of healthcare industry is extensively using CNTs for exploring their applications in mitigating diverse needs. The considered attention in CNTs is due to their inimitable properties such as size and aspect ratio covering surface area to the length, and amenable electrical, thermal and mechanical properties. Available in diverse forms, viz. single-walled, double walled or multi-walled structures, CNTs of different forms possess multiple advantages in various healthcare segments, and especially in drug delivery for the treatment of diseases. CNTs have proven to be useful in specific drug delivery applications such as controlled and targeted drug delivery to desired sites such as lymphatic and ocular systems, brain and other cancerous tissues. Multiple research reports have been published till date, which unequivocally gives testimony to the potential applications of CNTs. The present book chapter, in this regard, endeavor to provide an overview on synthesis, characterization and drug delivery applications of CNTs. The chapter highlights on recent regulatory standards on commercial production and safety testing of the CNTs for translating them into market.
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Henry N, Clouet J, Le Bideau J, Le Visage C, Guicheux J. Innovative strategies for intervertebral disc regenerative medicine: From cell therapies to multiscale delivery systems. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 36:281-294. [PMID: 29199133 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As our understanding of the physiopathology of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration has improved, novel therapeutic strategies have emerged, based on the local injection of cells, bioactive molecules, and nucleic acids. However, with regard to the harsh environment constituted by degenerated IVDs, protecting biologics from in situ degradation while allowing their long-term delivery is a major challenge. Yet, the design of the optimal approach for IVD regeneration is still under debate and only a few papers provide a critical assessment of IVD-specific carriers for local and sustained delivery of biologics. In this review, we highlight the IVD-relevant polymers as well as their design as macro-, micro-, and nano-sized particles to promote endogenous repair. Finally, we illustrate how multiscale systems, combining in situ-forming hydrogels with ready-to-use particles, might drive IVD regenerative medicine strategies toward innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Henry
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France; Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 32229, 44322 Nantes, Cedex 3, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes F-44042, France
| | - Johann Clouet
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes F-44042, France; CHU Nantes, Pharmacie Centrale, PHU 11, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, Nantes, France
| | - Jean Le Bideau
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 32229, 44322 Nantes, Cedex 3, France
| | - Catherine Le Visage
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes F-44042, France.
| | - Jérôme Guicheux
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes F-44042, France; CHU Nantes, PHU 4 OTONN, Nantes, France.
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65
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Pandey RK, Prajapati VK. Molecular and immunological toxic effects of nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 107:1278-1293. [PMID: 29017884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have emerged as a boon for the public health applications such as drug delivery, diagnostic, and imaging. Biodegradable and non-bio degradable nanoparticles have been used at a large scale level to increase the efficiency of the biomedical process at the cellular, animal and human level. Exponential use of nanoparticles reinforces the adverse immunological changes at the human health level. Physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles often lead to a variety of immunotoxic effects such as activation of stress-related genes, membrane disruption, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Delivered nanoparticles in animal or human interact with various components of the immune system such as lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils etc. Nanoparticles delivered above the threshold level damages the cellular physiology by the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. This review article represents the potential of nanoparticles in the field of nanomedicine and provides the critical evidence which leads to develop immunotoxicity in living cells and organisms by altering immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, 305817, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, 305817, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.
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66
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Moulick A, Milosavljevic V, Nguyen HV, Kopel P, Adam V. Electrochemical Characterization of the Interaction of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Doxorubicin. ANAL LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1284860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amitava Moulick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vedran Milosavljevic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hoai Viet Nguyen
- Research Center for Environmental Monitoring and Modeling, University of Science – Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pavel Kopel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
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67
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Nikota J, Banville A, Goodwin LR, Wu D, Williams A, Yauk CL, Wallin H, Vogel U, Halappanavar S. Stat-6 signaling pathway and not Interleukin-1 mediates multi-walled carbon nanotube-induced lung fibrosis in mice: insights from an adverse outcome pathway framework. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:37. [PMID: 28903780 PMCID: PMC5598059 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0218-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accumulation of MWCNTs in the lung environment leads to inflammation and the development of disease similar to pulmonary fibrosis in rodents. Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) are a framework for defining and organizing the key events that comprise the biological changes leading to undesirable events. A putative AOP has been developed describing MWCNT-induced pulmonary fibrosis; inflammation and the subsequent healing response induced by inflammatory mechanisms have been implicated in disease progression. The objective of the present study was to address a key data gap in this AOP: empirical data supporting the essentiality of pulmonary inflammation as a key event prior to fibrosis. Specifically, Interleukin-1 Receptor1 (IL-1R1) and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 6 (STAT6) knock-out (KO) mice were employed to target inflammation and the subsequent healing response using MWCNTs as a model pro-fibrotic stressor to determine whether this altered the development of fibrosis. RESULTS Wild type (WT) C57BL/6, IL-1R1 (KO) or STAT6 KO mice were exposed to a high dose of Mitsui-7 MWCNT by intratracheal administration. Inflammation was assessed 24 h and 28 days post MWCNT administration, and fibrotic lesion development was assessed 28 days post MWCNT administration. MWCNT-induced acute inflammation was suppressed in IL-1R1 KO mice at the 24 h time point relative to WT mice, but this suppression was not observed 28 days post exposure, and IL-1R1 KO did not alter fibrotic disease development. In contrast, STAT6 KO mice exhibited suppressed acute inflammation and attenuated fibrotic disease in response to MWCNT administration compared to STAT6 WT mice. Whole genome analysis of all post-exposure time points identified a subset of differentially expressed genes associated with fibrosis in both KO mice compared to WT mice. CONCLUSION The findings support the essentiality of STAT6-mediated signaling in the development of MWCNT-induced fibrotic disease. The IL-1R1 KO results also highlight the nature of the inflammatory response associated with MWCNT exposure, and indicate a system with multiple redundancies. These data add to the evidence supporting an existing AOP, and will be useful in designing screening strategies that could be used by regulatory agencies to distinguish between MWCNTs of varying toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Nikota
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9 Canada
| | - Allyson Banville
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9 Canada
| | - Laura Rose Goodwin
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9 Canada
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9 Canada
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9 Canada
| | - Carole Lynn Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9 Canada
| | - Håkan Wallin
- Department of Biological and Chemical Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lerso Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9 Canada
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Ghasemi A, Amiri H, Zare H, Masroor M, Hasanzadeh A, Beyzavi A, Aref AR, Karimi M, Hamblin MR. Carbon nanotubes in microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technology: current trends and future perspectives. MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS 2017; 21:151. [PMID: 30881265 PMCID: PMC6415915 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-017-1989-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Advanced nanomaterials such as carbon nano-tubes (CNTs) display unprecedented properties such as strength, electrical conductance, thermal stability, and intriguing optical properties. These properties of CNT allow construction of small microfluidic devices leading to miniaturization of analyses previously conducted on a laboratory bench. With dimensions of only millimeters to a few square centimeters, these devices are called lab-on-a-chip (LOC). A LOC device requires a multidisciplinary contribution from different fields and offers automation, portability, and high-throughput screening along with a significant reduction in reagent consumption. Today, CNT can play a vital role in many parts of a LOC such as membrane channels, sensors and channel walls. This review paper provides an overview of recent trends in the use of CNT in LOC devices and covers challenges and recent advances in the field. CNTs are also reviewed in terms of synthesis, integration techniques, functionalization and superhydrophobicity. In addition, the toxicity of these nanomaterials is reviewed as a major challenge and recent approaches addressing this issue are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ghasemi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9466, Tehran 14588, Iran
- Advances Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Amiri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9466, Tehran 14588, Iran
| | - Hossein Zare
- Advances Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Science and Engineering Department, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1684613114, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Masroor
- Advances Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Hasanzadeh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Beyzavi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amir R. Aref
- Department of Medical Oncology, Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mahdi Karimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Teheran Medical Sciences Branch, Isclamic Azad University, Teheran, Iran
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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69
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Poulsen SS, Knudsen KB, Jackson P, Weydahl IEK, Saber AT, Wallin H, Vogel U. Multi-walled carbon nanotube-physicochemical properties predict the systemic acute phase response following pulmonary exposure in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174167. [PMID: 28380028 PMCID: PMC5381870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has been linked to an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease in addition to the well-documented physicochemical-dependent adverse lung effects. A proposed mechanism is through a strong and sustained pulmonary secretion of acute phase proteins to the blood. We identified physicochemical determinants of MWCNT-induced systemic acute phase response by analyzing effects of pulmonary exposure to 14 commercial, well-characterized MWCNTs in female C57BL/6J mice pulmonary exposed to 0, 6, 18 or 54 μg MWCNT/mouse. Plasma levels of acute phase response proteins serum amyloid A1/2 (SAA1/2) and SAA3 were determined on day 1, 28 or 92. Expression levels of hepatic Saa1 and pulmonary Saa3 mRNA levels were assessed to determine the origin of the acute phase response proteins. Pulmonary Saa3 mRNA expression levels were greater and lasted longer than hepatic Saa1 mRNA expression. Plasma SAA1/2 and SAA3 protein levels were related to time and physicochemical properties using adjusted, multiple regression analyses. SAA3 and SAA1/2 plasma protein levels were increased after exposure to almost all of the MWCNTs on day 1, whereas limited changes were observed on day 28 and 92. SAA1/2 and SAA3 protein levels did not correlate and only SAA3 protein levels correlated with neutrophil influx. The multiple regression analyses revealed a protective effect of MWCNT length on SAA1/2 protein level on day 1, such that a longer length resulted in lowered SAA1/2 plasma levels. Increased SAA3 protein levels were positively related to dose and content of Mn, Mg and Co on day 1, whereas oxidation and diameter of the MWCNTs were protective on day 28 and 92, respectively. The results of this study reveal very differently controlled pulmonary and hepatic acute phase responses after MWCNT exposure. As the responses were influenced by the physicochemical properties of the MWCNTs, this study provides the first step towards designing MWCNT that induce less SAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S. Poulsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Petra Jackson
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | | | - Anne T. Saber
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Håkan Wallin
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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70
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Ma J, Li R, Liu Y, Qu G, Liu J, Guo W, Song H, Li X, Liu Y, Xia T, Yan B, Liu S. Carbon Nanotubes Disrupt Iron Homeostasis and Induce Anemia of Inflammation through Inflammatory Pathway as a Secondary Effect Distant to Their Portal-of-Entry. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1603830. [PMID: 28195425 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201603830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although numerous toxicological studies have been performed on carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a few studies have investigated their secondary and indirect effects beyond the primary target tissues/organs. Here, a cascade of events are investigated: the initiating event and the subsequent key events necessary for the development of phenotypes, namely CNT-induced pro-inflammatory effects on iron homeostasis and red blood cell formation, which are linked to anemia of inflammation (AI). A panel of CNTs are prepared including pristine multiwall CNTs (P-MWCNTs), aminated MWCNTs (MWCNTs-NH2 ), polyethylene glycol MWCNTs (MWCNTs-PEG), polyethyleneimine MWCNTs (MWCNTs-PEI), and carboxylated MWCNTs (MWCNTs-COOH). It has been demonstrated that all CNT materials provoke inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) production and stimulate hepcidin induction, associated with disordered iron homeostasis, irrespective of exposure routes including intratracheal, intravenous, and intraperitoneal administration. Meanwhile, PEG and COOH modifications can ameliorate the activation of IL-6-hepcidin signaling. Long-term exposure of MWCNTs results in AI and extramedullary erythropoiesis. Thus, an adverse outcome pathway is identified: MWCNT exposure leads to inflammation, hepatic hepcidin induction, and disordered iron metabolism. Together, the combined data depict the hazardous secondary toxicity of CNTs in incurring anemia through inflammatory pathway. This study will also open a new avenue for future investigations on CNT-induced indirect and secondary adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Ruibin Li
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Wenli Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Haoyang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xinghong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Bing Yan
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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71
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Chen R, Chen C. Environment, Health and Safety Issues in Nanotechnology. SPRINGER HANDBOOK OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-54357-3_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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72
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Chen R, Riviere JE. Biological Surface Adsorption Index of Nanomaterials: Modelling Surface Interactions of Nanomaterials with Biomolecules. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 947:207-253. [PMID: 28168670 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47754-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of the interactions between nanomaterials and their surrounding environment is crucial for safety evaluation in the application of nanotechnology as well as its development and standardization. In this chapter, we demonstrate the importance of the adsorption of surrounding molecules onto the surface of nanomaterials by forming biocorona and thus impact the bio-identity and fate of those materials. We illustrate the key factors including various physical forces in determining the interaction happening at bio-nano interfaces. We further discuss the mathematical endeavors in explaining and predicting the adsorption phenomena, and propose a new statistics-based surface adsorption model, the Biological Surface Adsorption Index (BSAI), to quantitatively analyze the interaction profile of surface adsorption of a large group of small organic molecules onto nanomaterials with varying surface physicochemical properties, first employing five descriptors representing the surface energy profile of the nanomaterials, then further incorporating traditional semi-empirical adsorption models to address concentration effects of solutes. These Advancements in surface adsorption modelling showed a promising development in the application of quantitative predictive models in biological applications, nanomedicine, and environmental safety assessment of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Chen
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Jim E Riviere
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
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73
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Zhou J, Li J, Wu D, Hong C. CNT-Based and MSN-Based Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2017-1253.ch009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiemei Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jiaoyang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Decheng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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74
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Waghulde S, Naik P. An Overview of Therapeutic Applications. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-1762-7.ch015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years' great advances have been made on the development drug delivery systems for different purposes for targeting the diseased conditions. Novel drug delivery originates from polymers or associated with some devices is generally related with the emergence of novel characteristics. These changes are what eventually comprise the value of drug delivery system and Novel drug delivery system. Novel properties become existed without making new materials. Novel drug delivery system comparable to traditional system, following Targeted Drug Delivery System (TDDS) is also called targeting drug system. A new drug delivery system makes the drugs densely gather pathological-change structures, and has an improved healing effect and less toxic side effects. The drugs can improve the strength of pharmacological action and reduce the bad effect all over the body, for they release in the target organs.
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75
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Jain A, Thakur D, Ghoshal G, Katare O, Singh B, Shivhare U. Formation and functional attributes of electrostatic complexes involving casein and anionic polysaccharides: An approach to enhance oral absorption of lycopene in rats in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:746-756. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Balas M, Constanda S, Duma-Voiculet A, Prodana M, Hermenean A, Pop S, Demetrescu I, Dinischiotu A. Fabrication and toxicity characterization of a hybrid material based on oxidized and aminated MWCNT loaded with carboplatin. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 37:189-200. [PMID: 27638054 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on the fabrication and toxicity characterization of a hybrid material-based on the multiple functionalizations of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with carboxyl or amino groups and the anti-tumor drug carboplatin (CP). The functionalization was evidenced by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The amount of platinum ions released in the simulated body fluid (SBF) was assessed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Cell viability, nanotubes cellular uptake, cell proliferation, superoxide anion production, SOD activity, intracellular glutathione and protein expression of several molecules involved in breast tumor cell survival and death were investigated after 24h exposure. Exposure to the aminated carbon nanotubes loaded with carboplatin resulted in a greater decrease of viability compared to oxidized carbon nanotubes loaded with the same drug, which was in an inversely proportional relationship with the production of superoxide anions in breast cancer cells. The inhibition of Hsp60, Hsp90, p53 and Mdm2 protein expression was induced as a consequence of the cytoprotection mechanism failure. Overexpression of Beclin1 and the reduction of Bcl2 expression were also observed, suggesting that functionalized MWCNT loaded with CP trigger cell death via autophagy in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Balas
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 50095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sabrina Constanda
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 50095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana Duma-Voiculet
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, 1-7 Polizu, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Prodana
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, 1-7 Polizu, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Hermenean
- Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, Arad 310414, Romania; Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 1 Feleacului, Arad 310396, Romania
| | - Sevinci Pop
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Splaiul Independenţei 99 - 101, 050096, Romania
| | - Ioana Demetrescu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, 1-7 Polizu, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 50095 Bucharest, Romania.
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Advances in Targeted Drug Delivery Approaches for the Central Nervous System Tumors: The Inspiration of Nanobiotechnology. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2016; 12:84-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s11481-016-9698-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Alshehri R, Ilyas AM, Hasan A, Arnaout A, Ahmed F, Memic A. Carbon Nanotubes in Biomedical Applications: Factors, Mechanisms, and Remedies of Toxicity. J Med Chem 2016; 59:8149-67. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Alshehri
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asad Muhammad Ilyas
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Biomedical Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
- Biomaterials
Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department
of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical
School, Boston Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Adnan Arnaout
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Farid Ahmed
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Memic
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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79
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Enhancement of mechanical properties of nanohydrogels based on natural gum with functionalized multiwall carbon nanotube: Study of swelling and drug release. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Adewunmi AA, Ismail S, Sultan AS. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) Nanocomposite Hydrogels Developed for Various Applications: A Critical Review. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-016-0379-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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81
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Oosterwijk MTT, Feber ML, Burello E. Proposal for a risk banding framework for inhaled low aspect ratio nanoparticles based on physicochemical properties. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:780-93. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1132344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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82
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Singh B, Lohan S, Sandhu PS, Jain A, Mehta SK. Functionalized carbon nanotubes and their promising applications in therapeutics and diagnostics. NANOBIOMATERIALS IN MEDICAL IMAGING 2016. [PMCID: PMC7152156 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-41736-5.00015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted much attention from researchers worldwide in recent years due to their high aspect ratio, high surface area, and excellent material properties, such as electrical and thermal conductivities and mechanical strength. These rolled-up seamless cylinders of graphene sheets possess nanosized hollow-tube-shaped structures. The CNTs can be single-walled, double-walled or multi-walled, depending upon the number of graphene layers from which a single nanotube is composed. The CNTs, favoring encapsulation of drug molecules or by possible attachment of theranostic agents on the nanotube walls, have enabled their use in controlled drug delivery, and in targeting of drug molecules to specific sites such as the lymphatic system, brain, ocular system, and cancerous tissue. This chapter provides an overview of various types of CNTs, methods utilized for their commercial production, and the functionalization approaches employed in drug-delivery applications. In addition, the chapter also endeavors to provide a thoughtful insight into the toxicity and regulatory concerns that need to be addressed before the CNTs can be launched in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder Singh
- UGC-Centre of Excellence in Applications of Nanomaterials, Nanoparticles & Nanocomposites (Biomedical Sciences), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India,University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shikha Lohan
- UGC-Centre of Excellence in Applications of Nanomaterials, Nanoparticles & Nanocomposites (Biomedical Sciences), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Premjeet S. Sandhu
- UGC-Centre of Excellence in Applications of Nanomaterials, Nanoparticles & Nanocomposites (Biomedical Sciences), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Atul Jain
- UGC-Centre of Excellence in Applications of Nanomaterials, Nanoparticles & Nanocomposites (Biomedical Sciences), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Surinder Kumar Mehta
- UGC-Centre of Excellence in Applications of Nanomaterials, Nanoparticles & Nanocomposites (Biomedical Sciences), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India,Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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83
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Functionalization of Carbon Nanotube and Applications. FUNCTIONALIZING GRAPHENE AND CARBON NANOTUBES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-35110-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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84
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Pourgholi F, Hajivalili M, Farhad JN, Kafil HS, Yousefi M. Nanoparticles: Novel vehicles in treatment of Glioblastoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 77:98-107. [PMID: 26796272 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most common brain tumor. The current GBM treatments comprise of radiation therapy, chemotherapy and surgery. One of the most important problems regarding the treatment of GBM is the presence of blood brain barrier (BBB) which inhibits the efficient drug delivery into central nervous system (CNS). Nanothechnology can help to deliver therapeutic drugs into CNS through crossing the BBB. There are different types of nanoparticles (Nps) which can be manipulated for clinical applications as a treatment for CNS-related disorders. In this review, we will discuss the role of Nps in the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Pourgholi
- Tuberculosis and Lung Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Hajivalili
- Tuberculosis and Lung Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jadidi-Niaragh Farhad
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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85
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Zhang Z, Liu S, Xiong H, Jing X, Xie Z, Chen X, Huang Y. Electrospun PLA/MWCNTs composite nanofibers for combined chemo- and photothermal therapy. Acta Biomater 2015; 26:115-23. [PMID: 26260417 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes are effective thermal generators by absorbing near-infrared radiation (NIR). In this study, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and doxorubicin (DOX) were successfully electrospun into the poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) nanofibers. It is confirmed that NIR radiation could not only initiate burst release of DOX from the fibers due to the relatively low glass transition temperature (Tg) of PLLA, but also significantly increase the temperature of fibers-covering tumor site. The multifunctional fibers showed increased cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo by the combination of photothermal induced hyperthermia and chemotherapy with DOX. This drug delivery system could be very useful and convenient in future clinical applications for localized cancer therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Combination of chemo- and photothermal therapy has been widely researched owing to its enhanced cancer treatment efficacy. In this study, chemotherapy and photothermal therapy were integrated into one single system using electrospun DOX/MWCNTs loaded PLLA nanofiber mats and the anti-cancer efficacy of the fibers was studied in vivo for the first time. The effective NIR irradiation control showed a typical switch on/off effect on the release behavior of drug. As local delivery system, the fibers maximize the drug concentration in tumor and keep the MWCNTs in the surroundings of tumor, thus allowing a repeated localized heating. The high porosity of nanofibers is easy for cell binding, which may present an attractive alternative for local hyperthermia treatment of easily metastasizing tumors.
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86
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Lee SH, Lee JB, Bae MS, Balikov DA, Hwang A, Boire TC, Kwon IK, Sung HJ, Yang JW. Current progress in nanotechnology applications for diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2037-45. [PMID: 26121684 PMCID: PMC4874338 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in nanomedicine, primarily in the form of nanoparticles, for theranostic applications to various diseases. A variety of materials, both organic and inorganic, have been used to develop nanoparticles with promise to achieve improved efficacy in medical applications as well as reduced systemic side effects compared to current standard of care medical practices. In particular, this article highlights the recent development and application of nanoparticles for diagnosing and treating nephropathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Hyun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Jung Bok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Min Soo Bae
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Daniel A. Balikov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Amy Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Timothy C. Boire
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Il Keun Kwon
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130–701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Joon Sung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Jae Won Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University of Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon 220–701, Republic of Korea
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87
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Electrospun PLA/MWCNT composite nanofibers for combined chemo- and photothermal therapy with near-infrared radiation. J Control Release 2015; 213:e149-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.05.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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88
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Lee SJ, Jeong YI, Park HK, Kang DH, Oh JS, Lee SG, Lee HC. Enzyme-responsive doxorubicin release from dendrimer nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:5489-503. [PMID: 26357473 PMCID: PMC4559238 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s87145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since cancer cells are normally over-expressed cathepsin B, we synthesized dendrimer-methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG)-doxorubicin (DOX) conjugates using a cathepsin B-cleavable peptide for anticancer drug targeting. Methods Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly peptide was conjugated with the carboxylic acid end groups of a dendrimer, which was then conjugated with MPEG amine and doxorubicin by aid of carbodiimide chemistry (abbreviated as DendGDP). Dendrimer-MPEG-DOX conjugates without Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly peptide linkage was also synthesized for comparison (DendDP). Nanoparticles were then prepared using a dialysis procedure. Results The synthesized DendGDP was confirmed with 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The DendDP and DendGDP nanoparticles had a small particle size of less than 200 nm and had a spherical morphology. DendGDP had cathepsin B-sensitive drug release properties while DendDP did not show cathepsin B sensitivity. Further, DendGDP had improved anticancer activity when compared with doxorubicin or DendDP in an in vivo CT26 tumor xenograft model, ie, the volume of the CT26 tumor xenograft was significantly inhibited when compared with xenografts treated with doxorubicin or DendDP nanoparticles. The DendGDP nanoparticles were found to be relatively concentrated in the tumor tissue and revealed stronger fluorescence intensity than at other body sites while doxorubicin and DendDP nanoparticles showed strong fluorescence intensity in the various organs, indicating that DendGDP has cathepsin B sensitivity. Conclusion DendGDP is sensitive to cathepsin B in tumor cells and can be used as a cathepsin B-responsive drug targeting strategy. We suggest that DendGDP is a promising vehicle for cancer cell targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Joon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Il Jeong
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyu Park
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hwan Kang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea ; Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Suk Oh
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam-Gyu Lee
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Chul Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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89
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Competitive adsorption of heavy metal ions on carbon nanotubes and the desorption in simulated biofluids. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 448:347-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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90
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Meng J, Li X, Wang C, Guo H, Liu J, Xu H. Carbon nanotubes activate macrophages into a M1/M2 mixed status: recruiting naïve macrophages and supporting angiogenesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:3180-3188. [PMID: 25591447 DOI: 10.1021/am507649n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The potential of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in medical applications has been attracting constant research interest as well as raising concerns related to toxicity. The immune system serves as the first line of defense against invasion. In this work, interactions of oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with macrophages were investigated to unravel the activation profile of macrophages, using cytokine array, ELISA assay, transwell assay, confocal microscopy, and reactive oxygen species examination. Results show that MWCNT initiate phagocytosis of macrophages and upregulate CD14, CD11b, TLR-4/MD2, and CD206, which does not alter the MHCII expression of the macrophages. The macrophages engulfing MWCNT (MWCNT-RAW) secrete a large amount of MIP-1α and MIP-2 to recruit naïve macrophages and produce angiogenesis-related cytokines MMP-9 and VEGF, while inducing much lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines than those activated by LPS. In conclusion, MWCNT activate macrophages into a M1/M2 mixed status, which allows the cells to recruit naïve macrophages and support angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Meng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P. R. China
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91
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Hosseini M, Haji-Fatahaliha M, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Majidi J, Yousefi M. The use of nanoparticles as a promising therapeutic approach in cancer immunotherapy. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 44:1051-61. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2014.998830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Mehra NK, Jain K, Jain NK. Pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of surface engineered carbon nanotubes. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:750-9. [PMID: 25601411 PMCID: PMC7108288 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is emerging as a promising approach in the field of medicine. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are efficient drug delivery systems. Promising therapeutic efficacy of CNTs is needed to be investigated thoroughly. Safety evaluation of CNTs is one of the most important aspects. Targeted delivery via CNTs is an important strategy to improve therapeutic index. f-CNTs may be used as more efficient controlled delivery system.
Surface engineered carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are attracting recent attention of scientists owing to their vivid biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. The focus of this review is to highlight the important role of surface engineered CNTs in the highly challenging but rewarding area of nanotechnology. The major strength of this review lies in highlighting the exciting applications of CNTs to boost the research efforts, which unfortunately are otherwise scattered in the literature making the reading non-coherent and non-homogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142 001 Punjab, India; Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar 470 003, India
| | - Keerti Jain
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142 001 Punjab, India; Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar 470 003, India
| | - Narendra Kumar Jain
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142 001 Punjab, India; Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar 470 003, India.
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93
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Hu Z, Zhao J, Song Z, Yang C. Filled and peptide-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro test for cancer cell targeting. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra17047d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-functional single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with metal endohedral filling and a high degree of polycarboxylation on the sidewalls were synthesized without affecting the SWNTσ-framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- China University of Petroleum
- Beijing 102249
- China
- Department of Applied Chemistry
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing, 100029
- China
| | - Zhaozheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- China University of Petroleum
- Beijing 102249
- China
| | - Chunpeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- China University of Petroleum
- Beijing 102249
- China
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94
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MWCNTs of different physicochemical properties cause similar inflammatory responses, but differences in transcriptional and histological markers of fibrosis in mouse lungs. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 284:16-32. [PMID: 25554681 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are an inhomogeneous group of nanomaterials that vary in lengths, shapes and types of metal contamination, which makes hazard evaluation difficult. Here we present a toxicogenomic analysis of female C57BL/6 mouse lungs following a single intratracheal instillation of 0, 18, 54 or 162 μg/mouse of a small, curled (CNT(Small), 0.8 ± 0.1 μm in length) or large, thick MWCNT (CNT(Large), 4 ± 0.4 μm in length). The two MWCNTs were extensively characterized by SEM and TEM imaging, thermogravimetric analysis, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis. Lung tissues were harvested 24h, 3 days and 28 days post-exposure. DNA microarrays were used to analyze gene expression, in parallel with analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung histology, DNA damage (comet assay) and the presence of reactive oxygen species (dichlorodihydrofluorescein assay), to profile and characterize related pulmonary endpoints. Overall changes in global transcription following exposure to CNT(Small) or CNT(Large) were similar. Both MWCNTs elicited strong acute phase and inflammatory responses that peaked at day 3, persisted up to 28 days, and were characterized by increased cellular influx in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, interstitial pneumonia and gene expression changes. However, CNT(Large) elicited an earlier onset of inflammation and DNA damage, and induced more fibrosis and a unique fibrotic gene expression signature at day 28, compared to CNT(Small). The results indicate that the extent of change at the molecular level during early response phases following an acute exposure is greater in mice exposed to CNT(Large), which may eventually lead to the different responses observed at day 28.
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95
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Araújo F, Shrestha N, Granja PL, Hirvonen J, Santos HA, Sarmento B. Safety and toxicity concerns of orally delivered nanoparticles as drug carriers. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 11:381-93. [PMID: 25495133 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.992781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The popularity of nanotechnology is increasing and revolutionizing extensively the drug delivery field. Nanoparticles, as carriers for oral delivery of drugs, have been claimed as the perfect candidates to overcome the poor bioavailability of most of the drugs by improving their solubility and/or permeability across biological barriers. However, this is still a promise to be fulfilled. AREAS COVERED In this review, several nanosystems used as oral drug carriers are described along with their toxicological profiles. A number of nanoparticles based on different types of materials such as polymers, lipids, silica, silicon, carbon and metals are reviewed. Both in vitro and in vivo-based toxicological studies are discussed in this paper. EXPERT OPINION Toxicological concerns have been raised in the past few years regarding the safety of the developed nanosystems. Assuming that most of the materials used are biocompatible and biodegradable, the toxicity caused by them when formulated into nanoparticles is usually neglected by the scientific community, existing only a few number of studies that approach the toxicity of the nanosystems. This is particularly important, because the materials that composed of the nanoparticles as well as their features such as size, charge and surface properties, will influence their pharmacokinetics after oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Araújo
- Universidade do Porto, INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Biocarrier Group , Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto , Portugal
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96
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Amenta V, Aschberger K. Carbon nanotubes: potential medical applications and safety concerns. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 7:371-86. [PMID: 25429905 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have unique atomic structure, as well as outstanding thermal, mechanical, and electronic properties, making them extremely attractive materials for several different applications. Many research groups are focusing on biomedical applications of carbon-based nanomaterials, however the application of CNTs to the biomedical field is not developing as fast as in other areas. While CNTs-based products are already being used in textiles, polymer matrices to strengthen materials, sports articles, microelectronics, energy storage, etc., medicinal products and medical devices for in vivo application based on CNTs have not been commercialized yet. However, CNTs for biomedical application, i.e., CNTs conjugated to siRNA for cancer therapy, or CNTs for imaging of colorectal cancer and many other products may enter clinical trials in the next years. Concerns related to the toxicity of CNTs must be overcome in order to have these products commercialized in a near future. This article reviews emerging biomedical applications of CNTs, specifically for therapy. It also deals with challenges associated with possible medical applications of CNTs, such as their not fully understood toxicological profile in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Amenta
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy
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97
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Tan JM, Karthivashan G, Arulselvan P, Fakurazi S, Hussein MZ. Characterization and in vitro studies of the anticancer effect of oxidized carbon nanotubes functionalized with betulinic acid. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:2333-43. [PMID: 25429205 PMCID: PMC4242135 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s70650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Among the array of nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes have shown great potential as drug carriers in the field of nanomedicine, owing to their attractive physicochemical structure, which facilitates functionalization of therapeutic molecules onto their external walls or being encapsulated inside the tubes. The aim of this preliminary study was to formulate betulinic acid (BA), a poorly water-soluble drug, in oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH) for enhanced delivery efficiency into cancer cells with reduced cytotoxicity. The synthesized MWCNT-BA nanocomposite was characterized using ultraviolet-visible, Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, and field emission scanning electron microscopy techniques. The loading of BA in MWCNT-COOH nanocarrier was estimated to be about 14.5%-14.8% (w/w), as determined by ultraviolet-visible and thermogravimetric analysis. Fourier transform infrared study shows that the peaks of the resulting MWCNT-BA nanocomposite correlate to the characteristic functional groups of BA and MWCNT-COOH. The powder X-ray diffraction results confirmed that the tubular structures of MWCNT-COOH were not affected by the drug loading mechanism of BA. The release profiles demonstrated that approximately 98% of BA could be released within 22 hours by phosphate-buffered saline solution at pH 7.4 compared with about 22% within 24 hours at pH 4.8. The biocompatibility studies revealed that MWCNT-BA at concentrations <50μg/mL expressed no cytotoxicity effects for mouse embryo fibroblast cells after 72 hours of treatment. The anticancer activity of MWCNT-BA was observed to be more sensitive to human lung cancer cell line when compared with human liver cancer cell line, with half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 2.7 and 11.0μg/mL, respectively. Our findings form a fundamental platform for further investigation of the MWCNT-BA formulation against different types of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Tan
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Govindarajan Karthivashan
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience (IBS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Palanisamy Arulselvan
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience (IBS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience (IBS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia ; Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zobir Hussein
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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98
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Improvement single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) based on functionalizing with monomers 2-hydroxyethylmethacryate (HEMA) and N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) for pharmaceutical applications as cancer therapy. J IND ENG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2013.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Belade E, Chrusciel S, Armand L, Simon-Deckers A, Bussy C, Caramelle P, Gagliolo JM, Boyer L, Lanone S, Pairon JC, Kermanizadeh A, Boczkowski J. The role of p53 in lung macrophages following exposure to a panel of manufactured nanomaterials. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:1543-56. [PMID: 25098341 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1324-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs) have the potential to improve everyday life as they can be utilised in numerous medical applications and day-to-day consumer products. However, this increased use has led to concerns about the potential environmental and human health impacts. The protein p53 is a key transcription factor implicated in cellular defence and reparative responses to various stress factors. Additionally, p53 has been implicated in cellular responses following exposure to some MNMs. Here, the role of the MNM mediated p53 induction and activation and its downstream effects following exposure to five well-characterised materials [namely two types of TiO2, two carbon black (CB), and one single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)] were investigated. MNM internalisation, cellular viability, p53 protein induction and activation, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis were measured in murine cell line and primary pulmonary macrophage models. It was observed that p53 was implicated in the biological responses to MNMs, with oxidative stress associated with p53 activation (only following exposure to the SWCNT). We demonstrate that p53 acted as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory in macrophage responses to SWCNT and CB NMs. However, p53 was neither involved in MNM-induced cellular toxicity, nor in the apoptosis induced by these MNMs. Moreover, the physicochemical characteristics of MNMs seemed to influence their biological effects-SWCNT the materials with the largest surface area and a fibrous shape were the most cytotoxic in this study and were capable of the induction and activation of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Belade
- University Paris est Val de Marne (UPEC), Créteil, 94000, France
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Saito N, Haniu H, Usui Y, Aoki K, Hara K, Takanashi S, Shimizu M, Narita N, Okamoto M, Kobayashi S, Nomura H, Kato H, Nishimura N, Taruta S, Endo M. Safe clinical use of carbon nanotubes as innovative biomaterials. Chem Rev 2014; 114:6040-79. [PMID: 24720563 PMCID: PMC4059771 DOI: 10.1021/cr400341h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Saito
- Institute
for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hisao Haniu
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yuki Usui
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons, and Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Wakasato 4-17-1, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Kaoru Aoki
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kazuo Hara
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Seiji Takanashi
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimizu
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Nobuyo Narita
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Masanori Okamoto
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kobayashi
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nomura
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Nishimura
- R&D
Center, Nakashima Medical Co. Ltd., Haga 5322, Kita-ku, Okayama 701-1221, Japan
| | - Seiichi Taruta
- Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons, and Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Wakasato 4-17-1, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Morinobu Endo
- Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons, and Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Wakasato 4-17-1, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
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