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Zhao N, Tan H, Wang L, Han L, Cheng Y, Feng Y, Li T, Liu X. Palmitate induces fat accumulation via repressing FoxO1-mediated ATGL-dependent lipolysis in HepG2 hepatocytes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0243938. [PMID: 33449950 PMCID: PMC7810308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is closely associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and elevated serum palmitate is the link between obesity and excessive hepatic lipid accumulation. Forkhead box O-1 (FoxO1) is one of the FoxO family members of transcription factors and can stimulate adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and suppress its inhibitor G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) expression in the liver. However, previous researches have also shown conflicting results regarding the role of FoxO1 in hepatic lipid accumulation. We therefore examined the role of FoxO1 as a downstream suppressor to palmitate-stimulated hepatic steatosis. Palmitate significantly promoted lipid accumulation but inhibited lipid decomposition in human HepG2 hepatoma cells. Palmitate also significantly reduced FoxO1, ATGL and its activator comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58) expression but increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ (PPARγ) and its target gene G0S2 expression. FoxO1 overexpression significantly increased palmitate-inhibited ATGL and CGI-58 expression but reduced palmitate-stimulated PPARγ and its target gene G0S2 expression. FoxO1 overexpression also inhibited lipid accumulation and promoted lipolysis in palmitate-treated hepatocytes. Overall, these results indicate that FoxO1-mediated ATGL-dependent lipolysis may be an effective molecular mechanism in protecting hepatocytes from palmitate-induced fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiqian Zhao
- Department of Gerontology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Huiwen Tan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Gerontology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Le Han
- Department of Gerontology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanli Cheng
- Department of Gerontology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Gerontology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Gerontology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Gerontology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Zhang Y, Zhu P, Wu X, Yuan T, Su Z, Chen S, Zhou Y, Tao WA. Microcystin-LR Induces NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation via FOXO1 Phosphorylation, Resulting in Interleukin-1β Secretion and Pyroptosis in Hepatocytes. Toxicol Sci 2021; 179:53-69. [PMID: 33078829 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), the most common and toxic microcystin (MC) present in freshwater, poses a substantial threat to human health, especially hepatotoxicity. Recent evidence reveals that the NLRP3 inflammasome plays an important role in liver injury by activating caspase-1 to promote interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion. In this study, we investigated the possible role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in MC-LR-induced mouse liver inflammatory injury. We found that MC-LR administered to mice by oral gavage mainly accumulated in liver and induced the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and production of mature IL-1β. Additionally, we observed an increase in the levels of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins and the proportion of pyroptosis in MC-LR-treated AML-12 cells. We also found that inhibition of NLRP3 in mice attenuated MC-LR-induced IL-1β production, indicating an essential role for NLRP3 in MC-LR-induced liver inflammatory injury. In addition, we found that inhibition of FOXO1 by AKT-mediated hyperphosphorylation, due to protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibition, is required for MC-LR-induced expression of NLRP3. Taken together, our in vivo and in vitro findings suggest a model in which the NLRP3 inflammasome activation, a result of AKT-mediated hyperphosphorylation of FOXO1 through inhibition of PP2A, plays a key role in MC-LR-induced liver inflammatory injury via IL-1β secretion and pyroptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Peipei Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Tianli Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Zhangyao Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Shiyin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yajun Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Weiguo Andy Tao
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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53
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Abedi F, Rezaee R, Hayes AW, Nasiripour S, Karimi G. MicroRNAs and SARS-CoV-2 life cycle, pathogenesis, and mutations: biomarkers or therapeutic agents? Cell Cycle 2021; 20:143-153. [PMID: 33382348 PMCID: PMC7889196 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1867792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, proposed therapies and antiviral drugs have been failed to cure coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. However, at least two drug companies have applied for emergency use authorization with the United States Food and Drug Administration for their coronavirus vaccine candidates and several other vaccines are in various stages of development to determine safety and efficacy. Recently, some studies have shown the role of different human and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathophysiology of COVID-19. miRNAs are non-coding single-stranded RNAs, which are involved in several physiological and pathological conditions, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism. They act as negative regulators of protein synthesis through binding to the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of the complementary target mRNA, leading to mRNA degradation or inhibition. The databases of Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched for literature regarding the importance of miRNAs in the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle, pathogenesis, and genomic mutations. Furthermore, promising miRNAs as a biomarker or antiviral agent in COVID-19 therapy are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Abedi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A. Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Somayyeh Nasiripour
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Correia MA, Kwon D. Why Hepatic CYP2E1-Elevation by Itself Is Insufficient for Inciting NAFLD/NASH: Inferences from Two Genetic Knockout Mouse Models. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120419. [PMID: 33255949 PMCID: PMC7760898 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic cytochrome P450 CYP2E1 is an enzyme engaged in the metabolic biotransformation of various xenobiotics and endobiotics, resulting in both detoxification and/or metabolic activation of its substrates to more therapeutic or toxic products. Elevated hepatic CYP2E1 content is implicated in various metabolic diseases including alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), diabetes and obesity. While hepatic CYP2E1 elevation is considered essential to the pathogenesis of these liver diseases, our findings in two mouse models of E3 ubiquitin ligase genetic ablation fed a regular lab chow diet, argue that it is not sufficient for triggering NAFLD/NASH. Thus, albeit comparable hepatic CYP2E1 elevation and functional stabilization in these two models upon E3 ubiquitin ligase genetic ablation and consequent disruption of its ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation, NAFLD/NASH was only observed in the mouse livers that exhibited concurrent SREBP1c-transcriptional upregulation of hepatic lipogenesis. These findings reinforce the critical complicity of an associated prolipogenic scenario induced by either an inherently upregulated hepatic lipogenesis or a high fat/high carbohydrate diet in CYP2E1-mediated NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Almira Correia
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, and The Liver Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-2517, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-415-476-5292
| | - Doyoung Kwon
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-2517, USA;
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Wang D, Yang X, Chen Y, Gong K, Yu M, Gao Y, Wu X, Hu H, Liao C, Han J, Duan Y. Ascorbic acid enhances low-density lipoprotein receptor expression by suppressing proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 expression. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15870-15882. [PMID: 32913121 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid, a water-soluble antioxidant, regulates various biological processes and is thought to influence cholesterol. However, little is known about the mechanisms underpinning ascorbic acid-mediated cholesterol metabolism. Here, we determined if ascorbic acid can regulate expression of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9), which binds low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) leading to its intracellular degradation, to influence low-density lipoprotein (LDL) metabolism. At cellular levels, ascorbic acid inhibited PCSK9 expression in HepG2 and Huh7 cell lines. Consequently, LDLR expression and cellular LDL uptake were enhanced. Similar effects of ascorbic acid on PCSK9 and LDLR expression were observed in mouse primary hepatocytes. Mechanistically, ascorbic acid suppressed PCSK9 expression in a forkhead box O3-dependent manner. In addition, ascorbic acid increased LDLR transcription by regulating sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2. In vivo, administration of ascorbic acid reduced serum PCSK9 levels and enhanced liver LDLR expression in C57BL/6J mice. Reciprocally, lack of ascorbic acid supplementation in L-gulono-γ-lactone oxidase deficient (Gulo -/-) mice increased circulating PCSK9 and LDL levels, and decreased liver LDLR expression, whereas ascorbic acid supplementation decreased PCSK9 and increased LDLR expression, ameliorating LDL levels in Gulo -/- mice fed a high fat diet. Moreover, ascorbic acid levels were negatively correlated to PCSK9, total and LDL levels in human serum samples. Taken together, these findings suggest that ascorbic acid reduces PCSK9 expression, leading to increased LDLR expression and cellular LDL uptake. Thus, supplementation of ascorbic acid may ameliorate lipid profiles in ascorbic acid-deficient species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Ke Gong
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Maoyun Yu
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'An, China
| | - Yongyao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Ximei Wu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huaqing Hu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chenzhong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jihong Han
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China; College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yajun Duan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
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Uchida Y, Ferdousi F, Zheng YW, Oda T, Isoda H. Global Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Isorhamnetin Induces Hepatic-Lineage Specific Differentiation in Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:578036. [PMID: 33224947 PMCID: PMC7674172 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.578036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs), derived from discarded term placenta, is anticipated as a new stem cell resource because of their advantages over embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), such as no risk of tumorigenicity and minimal ethical issue. hAECs have been reported to differentiate into hepatic-like cells (HLCs) with variable functionalities suitable for cell-based therapy of end-stage liver diseases, drug screening, and drug toxicity tests. On the other hand, a new research stream has been evolving to use natural compounds as stimulants of stem cell differentiation because of their high availability and minimum side effects. Isorhamnetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid commonly found in fruits and vegetables and has been reported to improve hepatic fibrosis and steatosis. In this present study, we have screened the differentiation potential of isorhamnetin in hAECs. The cells were grown on 3D cell culture and were treated with 20 μM of synthesized isorhamnetin for 10 days without adding any additional growth factors. DNA microarray global gene expression analysis was conducted for differentially expressed genes between isorhamnetin-treated and untreated control cells, gene expression validation was carried out using RT-qPCR method, and finally, several hepatic functions were assessed. Microarray analysis showed that isorhamnetin could activate essential biological processes, molecular functions, and signaling pathways for hepatic differentiation. Hepatic progenitor markers, EPCAM and DLK1, were upregulated in the isorhamnetin-treated hAECs. AFP was downregulated, while ALB was upregulated on Day 10. Furthermore, isorhamnetin-treated cells could show increased CYP enzyme mRNA levels, ICG uptake and release, glycogen storage activity, and urea secretion. Additionally, isorhamnetin-treated cells did not show any trace of transdifferentiation evident by significant downregulation of several colon- and cholangiocyte-specific markers. However, longer treatment with isorhamnetin did not promote hepatic maturation. Altogether, our findings indicate that isorhamnetin has a promising effect on directing the hepatic-lineage specific differentiation in hAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Uchida
- School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), AIST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yun-Wen Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), AIST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), AIST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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57
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He Q, Luo J, Wu J, Yao W, Li Z, Wang H, Xu H. FoxO1 Knockdown Promotes Fatty Acid Synthesis via Modulating SREBP1 Activities in the Dairy Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12067-12078. [PMID: 33054209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
FoxO1 is a crucial transcription factor involved in lipid metabolism in mouse liver through repressing a key regulator of lipogenesis, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1). However, it remains elusive whether FoxO1 plays roles in the regulation of fatty acid metabolism during lactation in dairy goats. In this study, we aim to investigate the function of FoxO1 in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs). We found that the expression of FoxO1 is significantly upregulated during lactation compared with the dry period. FoxO1 knockdown enhanced the expression of genes related to de novo fatty acid synthesis (e.g., FASN, ELOVL6 and SCD1) and triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis (e.g., DGAT2 and GPAM). Consistently, intracellular TAG was significantly increased in FoxO1 knockdown cells and reduced in FoxO1 overexpression cells. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that insulin suppresses FoxO1 transcription by promoting its nuclear export. Further, we found that FoxO1 inhibits insulin-induced SREBP1 promoter activities in GMECs. Moreover, FoxO1 suppresses SREBP1 transcription via the LXR response element (LXRE) and SREBP response element (SRE) located in the SREBP1 promoter. Our data reveal that FoxO1 plays critical roles in regulating the synthesis of the fatty acid and triacylglycerol (TAG) in GMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuya He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Weiwei Yao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Huifen Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Impact of A Cargo-Less Liposomal Formulation on Dietary Obesity-Related Metabolic Disorders in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207640. [PMID: 33076522 PMCID: PMC7589567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapeutic options for obesity often require pharmacological intervention with dietary restrictions. Obesity is associated with underlying inflammation due to increased tissue macrophage infiltration, and recent evidence shows that inflammation can drive obesity, creating a feed forward mechanism. Therefore, targeting obesity-induced macrophage infiltration may be an effective way of treating obesity. Here, we developed cargo-less liposomes (UTS-001) using 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, DOPC (synthetic phosphatidylcholine) as a single-agent to manage weight gain and related glucose disorders due to high fat diet (HFD) consumption in mice. UTS-001 displayed potent immunomodulatory properties, including reducing resident macrophage number in both fat and liver, downregulating liver markers involved in gluconeogenesis, and increasing marker involved in thermogenesis. As a result, UTS-001 significantly enhanced systemic glucose tolerance in vivo and insulin-stimulated cellular glucose uptake in vitro, as well as reducing fat accumulation upon ad libitum HFD consumption in mice. UTS-001 targets tissue residence macrophages to suppress tissue inflammation during HFD-induced obesity, resulting in improved weight control and glucose metabolism. Thus, UTS-001 represents a promising therapeutic strategy for body weight management and glycaemic control.
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The Beneficial Roles of SIRT1 in Neuroinflammation-Related Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6782872. [PMID: 33014276 PMCID: PMC7519200 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6782872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are the class III of histone deacetylases whose deacetylate of histones is dependent on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Among seven sirtuins, SIRT1 plays a critical role in modulating a wide range of physiological processes, including apoptosis, DNA repair, inflammatory response, metabolism, cancer, and stress. Neuroinflammation is associated with many neurological diseases, including ischemic stroke, bacterial infections, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, numerous studies indicate the protective effects of SIRT1 in neuroinflammation-related diseases. Here, we review the latest progress regarding the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of SIRT1. First, we introduce the structure, catalytic mechanism, and functions of SIRT1. Next, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of SIRT1 in the regulation of neuroinflammation. Finally, we analyze the mechanisms and effects of SIRT1 in several common neuroinflammation-associated diseases, such as cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, AD, and PD. Taken together, this information implies that SIRT1 may serve as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of neuroinflammation-associated disorders.
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60
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Zhang Y, Yuan T, Su Z, Wang X, Wang Y, Ni Y, Zuo Y, Gu H. Reduced methylation of PP2Ac promotes ethanol-induced lipid accumulation through FOXO1 phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo. Toxicol Lett 2020; 331:65-74. [PMID: 32492475 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although disturbance of the methionine cycle and sequent decrease in hepatic methylation capacity are known to be important factors in the development of alcoholic liver injury, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the importance of the methylation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in alcoholic liver disease (ALD). We found that the severity of ethanol-induced liver injury and the extent of demethylation of PP2A catalytic C subunit (PP2Ac) were reduced after treatment with betaine, a methyl donor involved in the methionine-homocysteine cycle. These results suggest that PP2Ac methylation is decreased due to a broad decrease in hepatic methylation capacity after exposure to ethanol. Moreover, we found that the reduction in PP2Ac methylation led to increased degradation of the regulatory Bα subunit, thus promoting the phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion of Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) and reducing FOXO1 transcriptional activity. Ultimately, the reduced activity of FOXO1 led to increased expression of TXNIP, which caused hepatic lipid accumulation. Our findings suggest that the reduction of PP2A methylation, a result of decrease hepatic methylation capacity, played an important role in ethanol-induced lipid accumulation via down-regulation of PP2A/Bα and FOXO1 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
| | - Tianli Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Zhangyao Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yilun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yao Ni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yue Zuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Haohao Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
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61
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Lederer S, Heskes T, van Heeringen SJ, Albers CA. Investigating the effect of dependence between conditions with Bayesian Linear Mixed Models for motif activity analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231824. [PMID: 32357166 PMCID: PMC7194367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Cellular identity and behavior is controlled by complex gene regulatory networks. Transcription factors (TFs) bind to specific DNA sequences to regulate the transcription of their target genes. On the basis of these TF motifs in cis-regulatory elements we can model the influence of TFs on gene expression. In such models of TF motif activity the data is usually modeled assuming a linear relationship between the motif activity and the gene expression level. A commonly used method to model motif influence is based on Ridge Regression. One important assumption of linear regression is the independence between samples. However, if samples are generated from the same cell line, tissue, or other biological source, this assumption may be invalid. This same assumption of independence is also applied to different yet similar experimental conditions, which may also be inappropriate. In theory, the independence assumption between samples could lead to loss in signal detection. Here we investigate whether a Bayesian model that allows for correlations results in more accurate inference of motif activities. RESULTS We extend the Ridge Regression to a Bayesian Linear Mixed Model, which allows us to model dependence between different samples. In a simulation study, we investigate the differences between the two model assumptions. We show that our Bayesian Linear Mixed Model implementation outperforms Ridge Regression in a simulation scenario where the noise, which is the signal that can not be explained by TF motifs, is uncorrelated. However, we demonstrate that there is no such gain in performance if the noise has a similar covariance structure over samples as the signal that can be explained by motifs. We give a mathematical explanation to why this is the case. Using four representative real datasets we show that at most ∼​40% of the signal is explained by motifs using the linear model. With these data there is no advantage to using the Bayesian Linear Mixed Model, due to the similarity of the covariance structure. AVAILABILITY & IMPLEMENTATION The project implementation is available at https://github.com/Sim19/SimGEXPwMotifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lederer
- Data Science, Radboud University, Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Molecular Developmental Biology, Radboud University, Research Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (LS); (VHS)
| | - Tom Heskes
- Data Science, Radboud University, Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simon J. van Heeringen
- Molecular Developmental Biology, Radboud University, Research Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (LS); (VHS)
| | - Cornelis A. Albers
- Molecular Developmental Biology, Radboud University, Research Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Cai H, Jiang Z, Yang X, Lin J, Cai Q, Li X. Circular RNA HIPK3 contributes to hyperglycemia and insulin homeostasis by sponging miR-192-5p and upregulating transcription factor forkhead box O1. Endocr J 2020; 67:397-408. [PMID: 31875589 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej19-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that circular RNAs, a class of non-coding RNA molecules, play an important role in the regulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis. In the present study, we sought to investigate the function of circular RNA HIPK3 (circHIPK3) in diabetes-associated metabolic disorders, including hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Results show that oleate stimulated circHIPK3 increase, and that circHIPK3 enhanced the stimulatory effect of oleate on adipose deposition, triglyceride (TG) content, and cellular glucose content in HepG2 cells. MiR-192-5p was the potential target of circHIPK3, since circHIPK3 significantly decreased miR-192-5p mRNA level, whereas anti-circHIPK3 significantly increased miR-192-5p mRNA level. Further study shows that transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) was a downstream regulator of miR-192-5p, since miR-192-5p significantly decreased FOXO1 expression, whereas circHIPK3 significantly increased FOXO1 expression. Notably, the inhibitory effect of miR-192-5p was significantly reversed by circHIPK3. In vivo study shows that anti-miR-192-5p significantly increased blood glucose content, which was significantly inhibited by FOXO1 shRNA. MiR-192-5p significantly decreased adipose deposition and TG content in HepG2 cells, which was significantly reversed by the co-treatment with circHIPK3. Forskolin/dexamethasone (FSK/DEX) significantly increased cellular glucose, mRNA level of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase), and this stimulatory effect of FSK/DEX was significantly inhibited by miR-192-5p. In the presence of circHIPK3, however, the inhibitory effect of miR-192-5p was totally lost. In summary, the present study demonstrated that circHIPK3 contributes to hyperglycemia and insulin resistance by sponging miR-192-5p and up-regulating FOXO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyao Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, 362000, China
| | - Zhengrong Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, 362000, China
| | - Xinna Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, 362000, China
| | - Jiayu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, 362000, China
| | - Qingyan Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, 362000, China
| | - Xisheng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, 362000, China
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63
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Pinto AP, da Rocha AL, Cabrera EMB, Marafon BB, Kohama EB, Rovina RL, Simabuco FM, Bueno Junior CR, de Moura LP, Pauli JR, Cintra DE, Ropelle ER, da Silva ASR. Role of interleukin-6 in inhibiting hepatic autophagy markers in exercised mice. Cytokine 2020; 130:155085. [PMID: 32259772 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the crosstalk of inflammation with apoptosis, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, the main objective of this study was to explore the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) on genes and proteins related to these phenomena in the livers of mice submitted to acute exhaustive exercise. METHODS Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting technique were used to evaluate the livers of wild-type (WT) and IL-6 knockout (KO) mice at baseline (BL) and 3 h after the acute exhaustive physical exercise (EE). RESULTS Compared to the WT at baseline, the IL-6 KO had lower exhaustion velocity, mRNA levels of Mtor, Ulk1, Map1lc3b, and Mapk14, and protein contents of ATG5 and p-p70S6K/p70S6K. For the WT group, the EE decreased glycemia, mRNA levels of Casp3, Mtor, Ulk1, Foxo1a, Mapk14, and Ppargc1a, and protein contents of ATG5 and p-p70S6K/p70S6K, but increased mRNA levels of Sqstm1. For the IL-6 KO group, the EE decreased glycemia, mRNA levels of Casp3 and Foxo1a, and protein contents of pAkt/Akt and Mature/Pro IL-1beta, but increased mRNA levels of Sqstm1, and protein contents of p-AMPK/AMPK. CONCLUSION The inhibition of the hepatic autophagy markers induced by the acute EE was attenuated in IL-6 KO mice, highlighting a new function of this cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alisson L da Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisa M B Cabrera
- Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Bruno B Marafon
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eike B Kohama
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael L Rovina
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Simabuco
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Bueno Junior
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro P de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José R Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys E Cintra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino S R da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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64
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Siddiqa A, Ahmad J, Ali A, Khan S. Deciphering the expression dynamics of ANGPTL8 associated regulatory network in insulin resistance using formal modelling approaches. IET Syst Biol 2020; 14:47-58. [PMID: 32196463 PMCID: PMC8687251 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2019.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
ANGPTL8 is a recently identified novel hormone which regulates both glucose and lipid metabolism. The increase in ANGPTL8 during compensatory insulin resistance has been recently reported to improve glucose tolerance and a part of cytoprotective metabolic circuit. However, the exact signalling entities and dynamics involved in this process have remained elusive. Therefore, the current study was conducted with a specific aim to model the regulation of ANGPTL8 with emphasis on its role in improving glucose tolerance during insulin resistance. The main contribution of this study is the construction of a discrete model (based on kinetic logic of René Thomas) and its equivalent Stochastic Petri Net model of ANGPTL8 associated Biological Regulatory Network (BRN) which can predict its dynamic behaviours. The predicted results of these models are in‐line with the previous experimental observations and provide comprehensive insights into the signalling dynamics of ANGPTL8 associated BRN. The authors’ results support the hypothesis that ANGPTL8 plays an important role in supplementing the insulin signalling pathway during insulin resistance and its loss can aggravate the pathogenic process by quickly leading towards Diabetes Mellitus. The results of this study have potential therapeutic implications for treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and are suggestive of its potential as a glucose‐lowering agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnah Siddiqa
- Research Center for Modelling and Simulation (RCMS), National university of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan
| | - Jamil Ahmad
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18800, Pakistan.
| | - Amjad Ali
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan
| | - Sharifullah Khan
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Pakistan
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65
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COX-2 in liver fibrosis. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 506:196-203. [PMID: 32184095 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As a vital inducible sensor, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays an important role in the progress of hepatic fibrogenesis. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in the liver can significantly accelerate the onset and development of liver fibrosis. COX-2 overexpression triggers inflammation that is an important inducer in hepatic fibrosis. Increasing evidence indicates that COX-2 is involved in the main pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, such as inflammation, apoptosis, and cell senescence. Moreover, COX-2 expression is altered in patients and animal models with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or cirrhosis. These findings suggest that COX-2 has a broad and critical role in the development of liver fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in the regulation and signal transduction of COX-2 and its impact on liver fibrosis.
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66
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Song SS, Ying JF, Zhang YN, Pan HY, He XL, Hu ZM, Wang HJ, Dou XB, Mou XZ. High expression of FOXO3 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3181-3188. [PMID: 32256814 PMCID: PMC7074409 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) as a tumor suppressor gene and its association with the human lifespan is well documented. However, several studies have indicated that high expression of FOXO3 is also significantly associated with tumorigenesis. The aim of the present study was to determine the clinical significance of FOXO3 in the development and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). mRNA expression data of FOXO3 from The Cancer Genome Atlas database was analyzed through the UALCAN online tool to compare the expression of FOXO3 between HCC and normal liver tissues. Subsequently, the expression of FOXO3 at the protein level was investigated via immunohistochemical staining of 314 HCC and 150 non-cancerous liver tissue samples. The association between protein expression and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed using the χ2 test, and the effect of FOXO3 expression on survival was assessed via Kaplan-Meier analysis. The expression of FOXO3 mRNA was significantly higher in HCC in comparison with healthy tissues. High FOXO3 protein expression was revealed in 43/150 non-cancerous liver tissues, and in 238/314 HCC samples. A significant association was demonstrated between FOXO3 expression and metastasis, Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage, Edmondson grade, α-fetoprotein level and overall survival. In conclusion, the high expression of FOXO3 predicts a poor prognosis in patients with HCC, indicating this protein as a potential therapeutic target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Shu Song
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Fu Ying
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China.,College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - You-Ni Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Ying Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Lei He
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ming Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ju Wang
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Dou
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Zhou Mou
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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67
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Xu M, Wang H, Wang J, Burhan D, Shang R, Wang P, Zhou Y, Li R, Liang B, Evert K, Utpatel K, Xu Z, Song X, Che L, Calvisi DF, Wang B, Chen X, Zeng Y, Chen X. mTORC2 Signaling Is Necessary for Timely Liver Regeneration after Partial Hepatectomy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:817-829. [PMID: 32035060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver regeneration is a fundamental biological process required for sustaining body homeostasis and restoring liver function after injury. Emerging evidence demonstrates that cytokines, growth factors, and multiple signaling pathways contribute to liver regeneration. Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) regulates cell metabolism, proliferation and survival. The major substrates for mTORC2 are the AGC family members of kinases, including AKT, SGK, and PKC-α. We investigated the functional roles of mTORC2 during liver regeneration. Partial hepatectomy (PHx) was performed in liver-specific Rictor (the pivotal unit of mTORC2 complex) knockout (RictorLKO) and wild-type (Rictorfl/fl) mice. Rictor-deficient mice were found to be more intolerant to PHx and displayed higher mortality after PHx. Mechanistically, loss of Rictor resulted in decreased Akt phosphorylation, leading to a delay in hepatocyte proliferation and lipid droplets formation along liver regeneration. Overall, these results indicate an essential role of the mTORC2 signaling pathway during liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Haichuan Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Transplantation Division, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California; Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California; School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Deviana Burhan
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Runze Shang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Bingyong Liang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California; Hepatic Surgery Center, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Katja Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Utpatel
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Zhong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Xinhua Song
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Li Che
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bruce Wang
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Transplantation Division, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California.
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68
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Liu W, Li Y, Luo B. Current perspective on the regulation of FOXO4 and its role in disease progression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:651-663. [PMID: 31529218 PMCID: PMC11104957 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03297-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box O4 (FOXO4) is a member of the FOXO family that regulates a number of genes involved in metabolism, cell cycle, apoptosis, and cellular homeostasis via transcriptional activity. It also mediates cell responses to oxidative stress and treatment with antitumor agents. The expression of FOXO4 is repressed by microRNAs in multiple cancer cells, while FOXO4 function is regulated by post-translational modifications and interaction with other proteins. The deregulation of FOXO4 is closely linked to the progression of several types of cancer, senescence, and other diseases. In this review, we present recent findings on the regulation of FOXO4 in physiological and pathological conditions and provide an overview of the complex role of FOXO4 in disease development and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Luo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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69
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Hasmatali JCD, De Guzman J, Johnston JM, Noyan H, Juurlink BH, Misra V, Verge VMK. FOXO3a as a sensor of unilateral nerve injury in sensory neurons ipsilateral, contralateral and remote to injury. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:2353-2361. [PMID: 32594060 PMCID: PMC7749464 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.284999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports that the stress response to peripheral nerve injury extends beyond the injured neuron, with alterations in associated transcription factors detected both locally and remote to the lesion. Stress-induced nuclear translocation of the transcription factor forkhead class box O3a (FOXO3a) was initially linked to activation of apoptotic genes in many neuronal subtypes. However, a more complex role of FOXO3a has been suggested in the injury response of sensory neurons, with the injured neuron expressing less FOXO3a. To elucidate this response and test whether non-injured sensory neurons also alter FOXO3a expression, the temporal impact of chronic unilateral L4–6 spinal nerve transection on FOXO3a expression and nuclear localization in adult rat dorsal root ganglion neurons ipsilateral, contralateral or remote to injury relative to naïve controls was examined. In naïve neurons, high cytoplasmic and nuclear levels of FOXO3a colocalized with calcitonin gene related peptide, a marker of the nociceptive subpopulation. One hour post-injury, an acute increase in nuclear FOXO3a in small size injured neurons occurred followed by a significant decrease after 1, 2 and 4 days, with levels increasing toward pre-injury levels by 1 week post-injury. A more robust biphasic response to the injury was observed in uninjured neurons contralateral to and those remote to injury. Nuclear levels of FOXO3a peaked at 1 day, decreased by 4 days, then increased by 1 week post-injury, a response mirrored in C4 dorsal root ganglion neurons remote to injury. This altered expression contralateral and remote to injury supports that spinal nerve damage has broader systemic impacts, a response we recently reported for another stress transcription factor, Luman/CREB3. The early decreased expression and nuclear localization of FOXO3a in the injured neuron implicate these changes in the cell body response to injury that may be protective. Finally, the broader systemic changes support the existence of stress/injury-induced humeral factor(s) influencing transcriptional and potentially behavioral changes in uninjured dorsal root ganglion neurons. Approval to conduct this study was obtained from the University of Saskatchewan Animal Research Ethics Board (protocol #19920164).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovan C D Hasmatali
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology; Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK; Current affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jolly De Guzman
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology; Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jayne M Johnston
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology; Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Hossein Noyan
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology; Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK; Current affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bernhard H Juurlink
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology; Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Vikram Misra
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Valerie M K Verge
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology; Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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70
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Kwon D, Kim SM, Correia MA. Cytochrome P450 endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD): therapeutic and pathophysiological implications. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:42-60. [PMID: 31993306 PMCID: PMC6976991 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-anchored cytochromes P450 (P450s) are mixed-function oxidases engaged in the biotransformation of physiologically relevant endobiotics as well as of myriad xenobiotics of therapeutic and environmental relevance. P450 ER-content and hence function is regulated by their coordinated hemoprotein syntheses and proteolytic turnover. Such P450 proteolytic turnover occurs through a process known as ER-associated degradation (ERAD) that involves ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation (UPD) and/or autophagic-lysosomal degradation (ALD). Herein, on the basis of available literature reports and our own recent findings of in vitro as well as in vivo experimental studies, we discuss the therapeutic and pathophysiological implications of altered P450 ERAD and its plausible clinical relevance. We specifically (i) describe the P450 ERAD-machinery and how it may be repurposed for the generation of antigenic P450 peptides involved in P450 autoantibody pathogenesis in drug-induced acute hypersensitivity reactions and liver injury, or viral hepatitis; (ii) discuss the relevance of accelerated or disrupted P450-ERAD to the pharmacological and/or toxicological effects of clinically relevant P450 drug substrates; and (iii) detail the pathophysiological consequences of disrupted P450 ERAD, contributing to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) under certain synergistic cellular conditions.
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Key Words
- 3MA, 3-methyladenine
- AAA, ATPases associated with various cellular activities
- ACC1, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1
- ACC2, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2
- ACHE, acetylcholinesterase
- ACOX1, acyl-CoA oxidase 1
- ALD, autophagic-lysosomal degradation
- AMPK1
- AP-1, activator protein 1
- ASK1, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase
- ATF2, activating transcription factor 2
- AdipoR1, gene of adiponectin receptor 1
- Atg14, autophagy-related 14
- CBZ, carbamazepine
- CHIP E3 ubiquitin ligase
- CHIP, carboxy-terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein
- Cytochromes P450
- Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation
- FOXO, forkhead box O
- Fas, fatty acid synthase
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- INH, isoniazid
- IRS1, insulin receptor substrate 1
- Il-1β, interleukin 1 β
- Il-6, interleukin 6
- Insig1, insulin-induced gene 1
- JNK1
- Lpl, lipoprotein lipase
- Mcp1, chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 1
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- Pgc1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1
- SREBP1c, sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c
- Scd1, stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase
- Tnf, tumor necrosis factor
- UPD, ubiquitin (Ub)-dependent proteasomal degradation
- Ub, ubiquitin
- gp78/AMFR E3 ubiquitin ligase
- gp78/AMFR, autocrine motility factor receptor
- shRNAi, shRNA interference
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Mao ZJ, Lin M, Zhang X, Qin LP. Combined Use of Astragalus Polysaccharide and Berberine Attenuates Insulin Resistance in IR-HepG2 Cells via Regulation of the Gluconeogenesis Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1508. [PMID: 31920677 PMCID: PMC6936338 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is likely to induce metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Gluconeogenesis (GNG) is a complex metabolic process that may result in glucose generation from certain non-carbohydrate substrates. Chinese herbal medicine astragalus polysaccharides and berberine have been documented to ameliorate IR, and combined use of astragalus polysaccharide (AP) and berberine (BBR) are reported to synergistically produce an even better effect. However, what change may occur in the GNG signaling pathway of IR-HepG2 cells in this synergistic effect and whether AP-BBR attenuates IR by regulating the GNG signaling pathway remain unclear. For the first time, we discovered in this study that the optimal time of IR-HepG2 cell model formation was 48 h after insulin intervention. AP-BBR attenuated IR in HepG2 cells and the optimal concentration was 10 mg. AP-BBR reduced the intracellular H2O2 content with no significant effect on apoptosis of IR-HepG2 cells. In addition, a rapid change was observed in intracellular calcium current of the IR-HepG2 cell model, and AP-BBR intervention attenuated this change markedly. The gene sequencing results showed that the GNG signaling pathway was one of the signaling pathways of AP-BBR to attenuate IR in IR-Hepg2 cells. The expression of p-FoxO1Ser256 and PEPCK protein was increased, and the expression of GLUT2 protein was decreased significantly in the IR-HepG2 cell model, and both of these effects could be reversed by AP-BBR intervention. AP-BBR attenuated IR in IR-HepG2 cells, probably by regulating the GNG signaling Pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Jun Mao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Lin
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu-Ping Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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72
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Gu L, Ding X, Wang Y, Gu M, Zhang J, Yan S, Li N, Song Z, Yin J, Lu L, Peng Y. Spexin alleviates insulin resistance and inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis via the FoxO1/PGC-1α pathway in high-fat-diet-induced rats and insulin resistant cells. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:2815-2829. [PMID: 31853220 PMCID: PMC6909969 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.31781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Recent studies demonstrate circulating serum spexin levels are reduced in obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and may play a role in glucose metabolism. The mechanism underlying is not known. In this study, we explore whether spexin has a role in insulin resistance and hepatic glucose metabolism. Methods: The correlation between serum spexin levels and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was studied in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. After intraperitoneal injection of exogenous spexin for 8 weeks, the effect of spexin on exogenous glucose infusion rates (GIR), and hepatic glucose production (HGP) were assessed by extended hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced rats. Glucose concentration with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption of spexin expression in HepG2 cells culture was observed. Expression of transcription factors (Forkhead box O1, FoxO1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, PGC-1α) and key enzymes (G-6-Pase and PEPCK) of gluconeogenesis pathway were observed in vitro and in vivo. Results: The serum spexin level was significantly low in newly diagnosed T2DM patients as compared with healthy patients and significantly negatively correlated with the HOMA-IR values. Exogenous spexin treatment resulted in weight loss and decrease of HOMA-IR value in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced rats. The exogenous glucose infusion rates (GIR) were higher in the HFD + spexin group than that in the HFD group (358 ± 32 vs. 285 ± 24 μmol/kg/min, P < 0.05). Steady-state hepatic glucose production (HGP) was also suppressed by ~50% in the HFD + spexin group as compared with that in the HFD group. Furthermore, spexin inhibited gluconeogenesis in dose-dependent and time-dependent manner in the insulin-resistant cell model. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockdown of spexin in HepG2 cells activated gluconeogenesis. Moreover, spexin was shown regulating gluconeogenesis by inhibiting FoxO1/PGC-1α pathway, and key gluconeogenic enzymes, (PEPCK and G-6-Pase) in both HFD-induced rats and insulin-resistant cells. Conclusions: Spexin plays an important role in insulin resistance in HFD-induced rats and insulin-resistant cells. Regulation of the effects of spexin on insulin resistance may hold therapeutic value for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyu Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jielei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyi Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajing Yin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Leilei Lu
- Shanghai Intertek Medical diagnostic Testing Center Co; Ltd, Shanghai 200436, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Engineering& Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164 China
| | - Yongde Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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73
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Chen L, Chen XW, Huang X, Song BL, Wang Y, Wang Y. Regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in health and disease. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:1420-1458. [PMID: 31686320 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-1563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucose and fatty acids are the major sources of energy for human body. Cholesterol, the most abundant sterol in mammals, is a key component of cell membranes although it does not generate ATP. The metabolisms of glucose, fatty acids and cholesterol are often intertwined and regulated. For example, glucose can be converted to fatty acids and cholesterol through de novo lipid biosynthesis pathways. Excessive lipids are secreted in lipoproteins or stored in lipid droplets. The metabolites of glucose and lipids are dynamically transported intercellularly and intracellularly, and then converted to other molecules in specific compartments. The disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism result in severe diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes and fatty liver. This review summarizes the major metabolic aspects of glucose and lipid, and their regulations in the context of physiology and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Xiao-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Xun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Yiguo Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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74
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Navik U, Sheth VG, Kabeer SW, Tikoo K. Dietary Supplementation of Methyl Donor l-Methionine Alters Epigenetic Modification in Type 2 Diabetes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801401. [PMID: 31532875 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The aim of the current study is to evaluate whether l-methionine supplementation (l-Met-S) improves type 2 diabetes-induced alterations in glucose and lipid metabolism by modulating one-carbon metabolism and methylation status. METHODS AND RESULTS Diabetes is induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats using high-fat diet and low dose streptozotocin. At the end of study, various biochemical parameters, immunoblotting, qRT-PCR and ChIP-qPCR are performed. The first evidence that l-Met-S activates p-AMPK and SIRT1, very similar to "metformin," is provided. l-Met-S improves the altered key one-carbon metabolites in diabetic rats by modulating methionine adenosyl transferase 1A and cystathione β synthase expression. qRT-PCR shows that l-Met-S alleviates diabetes-induced increase in Forkhead transcription factor 1 expression and thereby regulating genes involved in glucose (G6pc, Pdk4, Pklr) and lipid metabolism (Fasn). Interestingly, l-Met-S inhibits the increased expression of DNMT1 and also prevents methylation of histone H3K36me2 under diabetic condition. ChIP assay shows that persistent increase in abundance of histone H3K36me2 on the promoter region of FOXO1 in diabetic rats and it is recovered by l-Met-S. CONCLUSION The first evidence that dietary supplementation of l-Met prevents diabetes-induced epigenetic alterations and regulating methionine levels can be therapeutically exploited for the treatment of metabolic diseases is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umashanker Navik
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Vaibhav G Sheth
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Shaheen Wasil Kabeer
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Kulbhushan Tikoo
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
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75
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Li L, Li Y, Xiong Z, Shu W, Yang Y, Guo Z, Gao B. FoxO4 inhibits HBV core promoter activity through ERK-mediated downregulation of HNF4α. Antiviral Res 2019; 170:104568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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76
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Sato T, Watanabe Y, Nishimura Y, Inoue M, Morita A, Miura S. Acute fructose intake suppresses fasting-induced hepatic gluconeogenesis through the AKT-FoxO1 pathway. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 18:100638. [PMID: 31032430 PMCID: PMC6479072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive intake of fructose increases lipogenesis in the liver, leading to hepatic lipid accumulation and development of fatty liver disease. Metabolic alterations in the liver due to fructose intake have been reported in many studies, but the effect of fructose administration on hepatic gluconeogenesis is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of fructose administration on fasting-induced hepatic gluconeogenesis. C57BL/6J mice were administered fructose solution after 14 h of fasting and plasma insulin, glucose, free fatty acids, and ketone bodies were analysed. We also measured phosphorylated AKT and forkhead box O (FoxO) 1 protein levels and gene expression related to gluconeogenesis in the liver. Furthermore, we measured glucose production from pyruvate after fructose administration. Glucose-administered mice were used as controls. Fructose administration enhanced phosphorylation of AKT in the liver, without increase of blood insulin levels. Blood free fatty acids and ketone bodies concentrations were as high as those in the fasting group after fructose administration, suggesting that insulin-induced inhibition of lipolysis did not occur in mice administered with fructose. Fructose also enhanced phosphorylation of FoxO1 and suppressed gluconeogenic gene expression, glucose-6-phosphatase activity, and glucose production from pyruvate. The present study suggests that acute fructose administration suppresses fasting-induced hepatic gluconeogenesis in an insulin-independent manner.
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Key Words
- AKT
- CREB, cAMP response element binding protein
- ChREBP, carbohydrate response element binding protein
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- FFA, free fatty acid
- FoxO, forkhead box O
- FoxO1
- Fructose
- G6Pase
- G6Pase, glucose-6-phosphatase
- Gluconeogenesis
- Insulin
- PEPCK, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
- PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha
- PI3K, phosphoinositide-3-kinase
- PIP 3, phosphatidylinositol-(3,4,5)-trisphosphate
- SREBP, sterol-regulatory element binding protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Sato
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Yui Watanabe
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yuri Nishimura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Mizuki Inoue
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Akihito Morita
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shinji Miura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
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77
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Rajendran NK, Dhilip Kumar SS, Houreld NN, Abrahamse H. Understanding the perspectives of forkhead transcription factors in delayed wound healing. J Cell Commun Signal 2019; 13:151-162. [PMID: 30088222 PMCID: PMC6498300 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-0484-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex overlapping biological process that involves a sequence of events coordinated by various cells, proteins, growth factors, cytokines and signaling molecules. Recent evidence indicates that forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) transcription factors play an important role in organizing these events to stimulate wound healing. The ubiquitously expressed forkhead box, class O (FOXO) transcription factors act as cell signaling molecules in various transcriptional processes that are involved in diverse cellular activities, including cell death, cell differentiation, DNA repair, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in response to stimuli, and interact with numerous proteins. Due to the activation of FOXO targeted genes, FOXOs are involved in maintaining the balance between oxidative stress and antioxidants. In humans, different isoforms of FOXO namely FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4 and FOXO6 are present, however only FOXO1 and FOXO3 possess biological functions such as morphogenesis, maintenance and tissue regeneration. This might make FOXOs an important therapeutic target to enhance wound healing in diabetes, and to avoid over scarring. In spite of extensive literature, little is known regarding the role of FOXO and its relationship in wound healing. This review provides a summary of FOXO proteins and their biological role in wound healing and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar Rajendran
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Sathish Sundar Dhilip Kumar
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Nicolette Nadene Houreld
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
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78
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Ojha A, Ojha U, Mohammed R, Chandrashekar A, Ojha H. Current perspective on the role of insulin and glucagon in the pathogenesis and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Pharmacol 2019; 11:57-65. [PMID: 31191043 PMCID: PMC6515536 DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s202614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, 422 million adults worldwide live with diabetes mellitus (DM), a significant portion of whom have type 2 diabetes. The discovery of insulin as a key regulator of glucose metabolism has revolutionized our understanding of DM and provided several therapeutic avenues. Most studies have so far predominantly focused on the role of insulin in type 2 diabetes. However, the balance between insulin and glucagon is essential in ensuring glucose homeostasis. In this review, we begin by evaluating the principal differences between insulin and glucagon with regard to their mechanism and control of their secretion. Next, we discuss their mode of action and effects on metabolism. We further explore how the two hormones impact the natural history of type 2 diabetes. Finally, we outline how current and emerging pharmacological agents attempt to exploit the properties of insulin and glucagon to benefit patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Ojha
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School Of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India
| | - Utkarsh Ojha
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Raihan Mohammed
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Harsh Ojha
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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79
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Sakaguchi M, Cai W, Wang CH, Cederquist CT, Damasio M, Homan EP, Batista T, Ramirez AK, Gupta MK, Steger M, Wewer Albrechtsen NJ, Singh SK, Araki E, Mann M, Enerbäck S, Kahn CR. FoxK1 and FoxK2 in insulin regulation of cellular and mitochondrial metabolism. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1582. [PMID: 30952843 PMCID: PMC6450906 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09418-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A major target of insulin signaling is the FoxO family of Forkhead transcription factors, which translocate from the nucleus to the cytoplasm following insulin-stimulated phosphorylation. Here we show that the Forkhead transcription factors FoxK1 and FoxK2 are also downstream targets of insulin action, but that following insulin stimulation, they translocate from the cytoplasm to nucleus, reciprocal to the translocation of FoxO1. FoxK1/FoxK2 translocation to the nucleus is dependent on the Akt-mTOR pathway, while its localization to the cytoplasm in the basal state is dependent on GSK3. Knockdown of FoxK1 and FoxK2 in liver cells results in upregulation of genes related to apoptosis and down-regulation of genes involved in cell cycle and lipid metabolism. This is associated with decreased cell proliferation and altered mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism. Thus, FoxK1/K2 are reciprocally regulated to FoxO1 following insulin stimulation and play a critical role in the control of apoptosis, metabolism and mitochondrial function. Insulin signaling represses Forkhead transcription factor FoxO activity, which contributes to organismal metabolism. Here, the authors use proteomics to identify positively regulated insulin signaling targets FoxK1/K2 and demonstrate their role in lipid metabolism and mitochondrial regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaji Sakaguchi
- Sections of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism and Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Metabolic Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuoku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Weikang Cai
- Sections of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism and Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Wang
- Sections of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism and Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Carly T Cederquist
- Sections of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism and Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Marcos Damasio
- Sections of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism and Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Erica P Homan
- Sections of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism and Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Thiago Batista
- Sections of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism and Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Alfred K Ramirez
- Sections of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism and Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Manoj K Gupta
- Sections of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism and Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Martin Steger
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and NNF Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Proteomics, NNF Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shailendra Kumar Singh
- Department of Host Defense, The World Premier International Research Center Initiative Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiichi Araki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuoku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sven Enerbäck
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9A, PO. Box. 440, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Sections of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism and Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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80
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Ferraro M, Di Vincenzo S, Dino P, Bucchieri S, Cipollina C, Gjomarkaj M, Pace E. Budesonide, Aclidinium and Formoterol in combination limit inflammaging processes in bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke. Exp Gerontol 2019; 118:78-87. [PMID: 30659954 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and cellular senescence (also called inflammaging) are involved in the pathogenesis of premature lung aging, a key driver of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Downregulation of histone deacetylases and FoxO3 expression, activation of the ERK 1/2 pathway and IL-8 increase are hallmarks of lung inflammaging. The effects of Budesonide (BUD), Aclidinium (ACL) and Formoterol (FO) on lung inflammaging are unknown. This study was aimed to assess the effects of BUD, ACL and FO in bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) by evaluating: a) Expression of TLR4 and survivin and LPS binding by flow cytometry; b) expression of HDAC2, HDAC3, SIRT1 and FoxO3 and activation of the ERK 1/2 pathway by western blot; c) IL-8 mRNA levels and release by Real Time-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Reported results show that CSE increased TLR4 and survivin, LPS binding, ERK 1/2 activation, IL-8 release and mRNA levels but decreased SIRT1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and FoxO3 nuclear expression. Combined therapy with BUD, ACL and FO counteracted the effects of CSE on LPS binding, FoxO3 nuclear expression, ERK 1/2 activation, survivin and IL-8 release and mRNA levels. These findings suggest a new role of combination therapy with BUD, ACL and FO in counteracting inflammaging processes induced by cigarette smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ferraro
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Di Vincenzo
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - P Dino
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Bucchieri
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - C Cipollina
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy; Fondazione Ri.MED, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Gjomarkaj
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - E Pace
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy.
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81
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Song Y, Wu L, Li M, Xiong X, Fang Z, Zhou J, Yan G, Chen X, Yang J, Li Y. Down-regulation of MicroRNA-592 in obesity contributes to hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. EBioMedicine 2019; 42:494-503. [PMID: 30948354 PMCID: PMC6491650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have demonstrated that microRNAs, a class of small and non-coding RNA molecules, play an important role in the regulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis. In the present study, we sought to investigate the function of miR-592 in the development of obesity-associated metabolic disorders, including hyperglycemia andinsulin resistance. Methods The expression levels of miR-592 were measured in the liver of obese mice and humans by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Loss- and gain-of function experiments were employed to explore the metabolic function of miR-592 using locked nucleic acids and adenovirus in lean and obese mice, respectively. The molecular target of miR-592 was determined by western blotting and luciferase reporter assays. Findings We found a significant decreased expression of miR-592 in the liver of obese mice and humans. Inhibition of miR-592 led to elevated blood glucose levels, enhanced gluconeogenesis and reduced insulin sensitivity in lean mice. In contrast, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of hepatic miR-592 improved metabolic disorders in obese mice. Mechanistically, we found that the transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) is a direct target gene of miR-592 to mediate its metabolic functions. miR-592 was able to inhibit the mRNA and protein expression of FOXO1 by binding to its 3′-untranslated region. Interpretations Our findings demonstrate that obesity-associated down-regulation of miR-592 plays an important role in the progression of metabolic diseases. Restoration of hepatic miR-592 could improve glucose and lipid metabolism in obese mice. Fund This work is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFC1304805 to Dr. Chen), Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81771574 to Dr. Wu), Shanghai Science Foundation (No. 18ZR1437800 to Dr. Li), Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Nos.18dz2304400 and 15,411,970,700 to Dr. Yang).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Menghui Li
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuelian Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenfu Fang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guofeng Yan
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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82
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Cabrera-Ortega AA, Feinberg D, Liang Y, Rossa C, Graves DT. The Role of Forkhead Box 1 (FOXO1) in the Immune System: Dendritic Cells, T Cells, B Cells, and Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Crit Rev Immunol 2019; 37:1-13. [PMID: 29431075 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2017019636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Forkhead box-O (FOXO) transcription factors have a fundamental role in the development and differentiation of immune cells. FOXO1 and FOXO3 are FOXO members that are structurally similar and bind to the same conserved consensus DNA sequences to induce transcription. FOXO1 has been studied in detail in the activation of dendritic cells (DCs), where it plays an important role through the regulation of target genes such as ICAM-1, CCR7, and the integrin αvβ3. FOXO1 is activated by bacteria challenge in DCs and promotes DC bacterial phagocytosis, migration, homing to lymph nodes, DC stimulation of CD4+ T cells and resting B cells, and antibody production. Deletion of FOXO1 in DCs enhances susceptibility to bacteria-induced periodontal disease. FOXO1 and FOXO3 maintain naive T cell quiescence and survival. FOXO1 and FOXO3 enhance the formation of regulatory T cells and inhibit the formation of T-helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells. FOXO1 promotes differentiation, proliferation, survival, immunoglobulin gene rearrangement, and class switching in B cells, but FOXO3 has little effect. Both FOXO1 and FOXO3 are important in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells by protecting them from oxidative stress. This review examines FOXO1/FOXO3 in the adaptive immune response, key target genes, and FOXO inhibition by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Alicia Cabrera-Ortega
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Feinberg
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Youde Liang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanshan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Carlos Rossa
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dana T Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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83
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Gonçalves LR, de Oliveira da Silva B, Scarinci LD, Ramos LF, Moraes KC. MicroRNA-1254 contributes to the controlling of pro-fibrogenic environment in LX-2 cells by modulating SMAD3 and wound repair: new insights in hepatic fibrosis. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:333-343. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Rocha Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia; Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” − Campus Rio Claro; Rio Claro SP 13506-900 Brazil
| | | | - Letícia Destefani Scarinci
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia; Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” − Campus Rio Claro; Rio Claro SP 13506-900 Brazil
| | - Letícia Ferreira Ramos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia; Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” − Campus Rio Claro; Rio Claro SP 13506-900 Brazil
| | - Karen C.M. Moraes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia; Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” − Campus Rio Claro; Rio Claro SP 13506-900 Brazil
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84
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Hemmer MC, Wierer M, Schachtrup K, Downes M, Hübner N, Evans RM, Uhlenhaut NH. E47 modulates hepatic glucocorticoid action. Nat Commun 2019; 10:306. [PMID: 30659202 PMCID: PMC6338785 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are effective drugs, but their clinical use is compromised by severe side effects including hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and obesity. They bind to the Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR), which acts as a transcription factor. The activation of metabolic genes by GR is thought to underlie these adverse effects. We identify the bHLH factor E47 as a modulator of GR target genes. Using mouse genetics, we find that E47 is required for the regulation of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism by GR, and that loss of E47 prevents the development of hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis in response to GCs. Here we show that E47 and GR co-occupy metabolic promoters and enhancers. E47 is needed for the efficient recruitment of GR and coregulators such as Mediator to chromatin. Altogether, our results illustrate how GR and E47 regulate hepatic metabolism, and might provide an entry point for novel therapies with reduced side effects. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used anti-inflammatory drugs; however, long-term treatment causes metabolic side effects. Here, the authors show that E47 is a modulator of glucocorticoid receptor activity for a subset of target genes in mouse liver, and that loss of E47 protects mice from hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis in response to GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Charlotte Hemmer
- Molecular Endocrinology, Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), IDO, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Wierer
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Kristina Schachtrup
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center and Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Downes
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies & HHMI, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Norbert Hübner
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences & DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Charité-Universitätsmedizin & Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ronald M Evans
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies & HHMI, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - N Henriette Uhlenhaut
- Molecular Endocrinology, Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), IDO, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany. .,The Salk Institute for Biological Studies & HHMI, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences & DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Charité-Universitätsmedizin & Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Feodor-Lynen-Straße 25, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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85
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Tsuzuki K, Itoh Y, Inoue Y, Hayashi H. TRB
1 negatively regulates gluconeogenesis by suppressing the transcriptional activity of
FOXO
1. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:369-380. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Tsuzuki
- Department of Cell Signaling Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya City University Japan
| | - Yuka Itoh
- Department of Cell Signaling Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya City University Japan
- Department of Biochemistry Graduate School of Medicine University of Yamanashi Japan
| | - Yasumichi Inoue
- Department of Cell Signaling Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya City University Japan
- Department of Innovative Therapeutics Sciences Cooperative Major in Nanopharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya City University Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hayashi
- Department of Cell Signaling Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya City University Japan
- Department of Innovative Therapeutics Sciences Cooperative Major in Nanopharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya City University Japan
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86
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Chen L, Gao B, Zhang Y, Lu H, Li X, Pan L, Yin L, Zhi X. PAR2 promotes M1 macrophage polarization and inflammation via FOXO1 pathway. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:9799-9809. [PMID: 30552714 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages polarization plays essential but different roles in most diseases such as atherosclerosis, adipose tissue inflammation, and insulin resistance. Our previous study revealed that protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), a G-protein coupled receptor influenced macrophage function, but little is known regarding the regulation of macrophage polarization process and its potential mechanisms. In the present study, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) isolated from C57/BL6 mice and cultured with L929-conditional medium and murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 were used to study the function of PAR2 activation in vitro. BMDM was stimulated by the small molecular PAR2 agonist, 2-furoyl-LIGRLO-amide trifluoroacetate salt, followed by transcription factor microarray to screen the significantly activated signaling pathways under PAR2 activation. Western blot analysis, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate the expression of targeted genes and transcription factors. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the subcellular distribution of transcription factors. Our results demonstrated that M1-like polarization was presented by PAR2 agonist treatment with significant upregulation of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α in BMDM and RAW264.7. Microarray identified forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) was significantly increased under PAR2 agonist stimulation, which was confirmed by qPCR and Western blot analysis. Immunofluorescence demonstrated that increased FOXO1 accumulated in the nucleus, which is necessary to promote transcription for targeted genes. We further knocked down FOXO1 expression using small interfering RNA, which alleviated PAR2-induced proinflammatory gene expression. The PAR2/FOXO1 pathway mediated stimulation of proinflammatory genes was further confirmed by tryptase, an endogenous ligand of PAR2. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that PAR2 activation-induced M1 polarization and inflammation through the FOXO1-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Beiyao Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yadong Zhang
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanyu Lu
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Luanfeng Pan
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianhua Yin
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuling Zhi
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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87
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Zhong C, Pu L, Fang M, Rao J, Wang X. ATRA Regulates Innate Immunity in Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via RARα/Akt/Foxo1 Signaling. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:530-535. [PMID: 29607925 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been proved to protect liver from ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury, however, its mechanism is still unclear. This study is to investigate the mechanism of effect of ATRA on innate immunity in mice liver IR injury. Before operation, mice were gavaged by ATRA at 15 mg/kg/d for two weeks, and then the liver was underwent 70% ischemia (90 min) and reperfusion (6 h). Liver function was assessed by serum alanine aminotransferase (sALT), serum aspartate aminotransferase (sAST). Real-time PCR and Western blot were to detect the level of mRNA and protein. In vitro, RAW264.7 macrophages were treatment with ATRA (1 µM) or LE540 (5 µM, a retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) receptor antagonist) before lipopolysaccharide (100 ng/mL) stimulation. In vivo, ATRA protected the liver from IR injury by improving hepatocellular function (sALT and sAST), decreasing cell apoptosis and inhibiting inflammatory response (i.e., the level of toll-like receptor 4, transcription factor nuclear factor-κBp65, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α). When RARα was blocked by LE540 in RAW264.7 macrophages, the inflammatory cytokines were enhancing, along with a decline of Akt phosphorylation but Forkhead box o (Foxo) 1, compared with the ATRA group. In summary, ATRA regulates in part the innate immunity to protect liver from IR injury by RARα/Akt/Foxo1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhong
- Key Laboratory on Living Donor Liver Transplantation, National Health and Family Planning Commision.,Department of Liver Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Liyong Pu
- Key Laboratory on Living Donor Liver Transplantation, National Health and Family Planning Commision.,Department of Liver Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Mingming Fang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Jianhua Rao
- Key Laboratory on Living Donor Liver Transplantation, National Health and Family Planning Commision.,Department of Liver Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Key Laboratory on Living Donor Liver Transplantation, National Health and Family Planning Commision.,Department of Liver Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
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88
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Yang L, Li LC, Wang X, Wang WH, Wang YC, Xu CR. The contributions of mesoderm-derived cells in liver development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 92:63-76. [PMID: 30193996 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The liver is an indispensable organ for metabolism and drug detoxification. The liver consists of endoderm-derived hepatobiliary lineages and various mesoderm-derived cells, and interacts with the surrounding tissues and organs through the ventral mesentery. Liver development, from hepatic specification to liver maturation, requires close interactions with mesoderm-derived cells, such as mesothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells, mesenchymal cells, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells. These cells affect liver development through precise signaling events and even direct physical contact. Through the use of new techniques, emerging studies have recently led to a deeper understanding of liver development and its related mechanisms, especially the roles of mesodermal cells in liver development. Based on these developments, the current protocols for in vitro hepatocyte-like cell induction and liver-like tissue construction have been optimized and are of great importance for the treatment of liver diseases. Here, we review the roles of mesoderm-derived cells in the processes of liver development, hepatocyte-like cell induction and liver-like tissue construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lin-Chen Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, China
| | - Wei-Hua Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yan-Chun Wang
- Haidian Maternal & Child Health Hospital, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, China.
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89
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Liu Y, Ao X, Ding W, Ponnusamy M, Wu W, Hao X, Yu W, Wang Y, Li P, Wang J. Critical role of FOXO3a in carcinogenesis. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:104. [PMID: 30045773 PMCID: PMC6060507 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0856-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXO3a is a member of the FOXO subfamily of forkhead transcription factors that mediate a variety of cellular processes including apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle progression, DNA damage and tumorigenesis. It also responds to several cellular stresses such as UV irradiation and oxidative stress. The function of FOXO3a is regulated by a complex network of processes, including post-transcriptional suppression by microRNAs (miRNAs), post-translational modifications (PTMs) and protein–protein interactions. FOXO3a is widely implicated in a variety of diseases, particularly in malignancy of breast, liver, colon, prostate, bladder, and nasopharyngeal cancers. Emerging evidences indicate that FOXO3a acts as a tumor suppressor in cancer. FOXO3a is frequently inactivated in cancer cell lines by mutation of the FOXO3a gene or cytoplasmic sequestration of FOXO3a protein. And its inactivation is associated with the initiation and progression of cancer. In experimental studies, overexpression of FOXO3a inhibits the proliferation, tumorigenic potential, and invasiveness of cancer cells, while silencing of FOXO3a results in marked attenuation in protection against tumorigenesis. The role of FOXO3a in both normal physiology as well as in cancer development have presented a great challenge to formulating an effective therapeutic strategy for cancer. In this review, we summarize the recent findings and overview of the current understanding of the influence of FOXO3a in cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of comprehensive internal medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Murugavel Ponnusamy
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Xiaodan Hao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Wanpeng Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
| | - Jianxun Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
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90
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Gao WY, Chen PY, Chen SF, Wu MJ, Chang HY, Yen JH. Pinostrobin Inhibits Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin-type 9 (PCSK9) Gene Expression through the Modulation of FoxO3a Protein in HepG2 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:6083-6093. [PMID: 29862818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pinostrobin, a flavonoid phytochemical found in variety of plants, has been demonstrated to possess numerous bioactivities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypocholesterolemic effect of pinostrobin on the regulation of the gene expression of PCSK9 and its underlying mechanisms in hepatic cells. We found that pinostrobin (20 and 40 μM) significantly inhibited the PCSK9 promoter activity from 1.00 ± 0.16 (fold) to 0.85 ± 0.06 and 0.54 ± 0.05, respectively, as well as the suppression of PCSK9 mRNA expression from 1.00 ± 0.11 (fold) to 0.81 ± 0.07 and 0.58 ± 0.07, respectively, in HepG2 cells. Pinostrobin significantly reduced the mature form of the PCSK9 protein, inhibited the catalytic activity of PCSK9, and increased the protein level of LDLR and the LDL uptake activity in HepG2 cells. We further demonstrated that pinostrobin markedly increased the level of nuclear forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) protein, enhanced FoxO3a/PCSK9 promoter complexes formation, and attenuated the promoter binding capacity of nuclear HNF-1α. The knockdown of FoxO3a in HepG2 cells by small interference RNA (siRNA) abolished the pinostrobin-mediated PCSK9 reduction. Finally, we demonstrated that pinostrobin attenuated simvastatin-induced PCSK9 overexpression in HepG2 cells. Our current findings reveal that pinostrobin is a PCSK9 inhibitor and down-regulates the PCSK9 gene expression through the up-regulation of the FoxO3a level in hepatic cells. Pinostrobin with potential PCSK9 inhibitory activity may serve as a novel agent for cholesterol regulation and lipid management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pei-Yi Chen
- Center of Medical Genetics , Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital , Hualien 970 , Taiwan
| | | | - Ming-Jiuan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology , Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science , Tainan 717 , Taiwan
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91
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Qin Y, Chen M, Yang Y, Zhou XR, Shao SY, Wang DW, Yuan G. Liraglutide improves hepatic insulin resistance via the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7372-7380. [PMID: 29568881 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Liraglutide, a modified form of glucagon‑like peptide‑1 (GLP‑1), is used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, the underlying mechanism by which liraglutide improves liver insulin resistance remains to be elucidated. The proto‑oncogene Wnt (Wnt) signaling pathway has been reported to be associated with glucose and lipid metabolism. Using in vivo and in vitro models of diabetes and insulin resistance, it was investigated whether the beneficial effects of liraglutide on liver glucose metabolism are mediated by the Wnt signaling pathway. The results of the present study demonstrate that body weight, fasting blood glucose, insulin levels and the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance were markedly decreased in db/db mice treated with liraglutide compared with control mice. Liraglutide also improved liver morphology and reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets. Furthermore, the expression of glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was downregulated, whereas the expression of phosphorylated forkhead box O1, Wnt signaling pathway‑associated molecules, β‑catenin, transcription factor 7‑like 2 and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β was upregulated in the liver of mice treated with liraglutide. In the in vitro study, increased gluconeogenesis and decreased glucose uptake rates were observed in insulin resistant hepatocytes; treatment with liraglutide significantly reversed this effect. Furthermore, transfection of insulin resistant hepatocytes with β‑catenin small interfering RNA attenuated the effects of liraglutide, suggesting that liraglutide improves insulin resistance via activating the β‑catenin/Wnt signaling pathway. The results of the present study suggest a novel mechanism underlying liraglutide‑mediated improvements in insulin resistance in the liver. The Wnt signaling pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of altered hepatic physiology in insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jiangxia, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Rong Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Ying Shao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Dao-Wen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Gang Yuan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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92
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Chen P, Shi X, Xu X, Lin Y, Shao Z, Wu R, Huang L. Liraglutide ameliorates early renal injury by the activation of renal FoxO1 in a type 2 diabetic kidney disease rat model. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 137:173-182. [PMID: 29355652 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of liraglutide on renal injury and the renal expression of FoxO1 in type 2 diabetic rats. METHODS Type 2 diabetic rats model was induced by a high-sugar and high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of low-dose Streptozotocin (STZ) (30 mg/kg). Five weeks after STZ injection, diabetic rats were randomly treated with or without subcutaneous injection of liraglutide (0.2 mg/kg/12 h) for eight weeks. Diabetes-related physical and biochemical indicators, renal histopathological and ultrastructural changes, the expression of renal transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), fibronectin (FN), type IV collagen (Col IV), protein kinase B (Akt), forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) were measured. RESULTS Rats in DN group showed a significant increase in fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, kidney to body weight index, serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urinary albumin excretion, mesangial matrix index, glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening, podocyte foot process fusion, the mRNA and protein levels of renal TGF-β1, FN and Col IV and a dramatic decrease in the mRNA and protein levels of renal MnSOD, all of which were significantly ameliorated by liraglutide. In addition, liraglutide also increased the expression of FoxO1 mRNA and reduced renal phosphorylation levels of Akt and FoxO1 protein. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that liraglutide may exert a renoprotective effect by a FoxO1-mediated upregulation of renal MnSOD expression in the early DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Chen
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian, China; Department of Endocrinology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaozhi Shi
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian, China; Department of Endocrinology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian, China
| | - Xiangjin Xu
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian, China; Department of Endocrinology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian, China.
| | - Yiyang Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian, China
| | - Zhulin Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian, China
| | - Rongdan Wu
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian, China; Department of Endocrinology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian, China; Department of Endocrinology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian, China
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93
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Role of Forkhead Box O (FOXO) transcription factor in aging and diseases. Gene 2018; 648:97-105. [PMID: 29428128 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fork head box O (FOXO) transcription factor is a key player in an evolutionarily conserved pathway. The mammalian FOXO family consists of FOXO1, 3, 4 and 6, are highly similar in their structure, function and regulation. To maintain optimum body function, the organisms have developed complex mechanisms for homeostasis. Importantly, it is well known that when these mechanisms dysregulate it results in the development of age-related disease. FOXO proteins are involved in a diverse cellular function and also have clinical significance including cell cycle arrest, cell differentiation, tumour suppression, DNA repair, longevity, diabetic complications, immunity, wound healing, regulation of metabolism and thus treatment of several types of diseases. By the combinations of post-translational modifications FOXO's serve as a 'molecular code' to sense external stimuli and recruit it as to specific regions of the genome and provide an integrated cellular response to changing physiological conditions. Akt/Protein kinase B a signaling pathway as a main regulator of FOXO to perform a diverse function in organisms. The present review summarizes the molecular and clinical aspects of FOXO transcription factor. And also elaborate the interaction of FOXO with the nucleosome remodelling complex to target genes, which is essential to cellular homeostasis.
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94
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FoxO1 is a regulator of MHC-II expression and anti-tumor effect of tumor-associated macrophages. Oncogene 2017; 37:1192-1204. [PMID: 29238041 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are a critical component in host immune responses against tumor. In this work we investigated the role of forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) in the transcriptional regulation in macrophages, which affects the anti-tumor functions of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). First, we showed that TAMs expressed reduced levels of FoxO1, which was associated with their protumoral M2 polarization state. The suppression of FoxO1 expression in TAM was induced by the hypoxic condition in the tumor microenviroment. Next, we confirmed that FoxO1 positively regulates MHC-II genes by binding to the promoter region of Ciita gene, the master activator of multiple MHC-II genes. Loss of FoxO1 in TAMs resulted in reduced MHC-II expression. Furthermore, we used FoxO1 conditional knockout mice to show that FoxO1 deficiency in myeloid cells exacerbates tumor growth. These results demonstrate that the protumoral property of TAMs is induced by the hypoxia-triggered FoxO1 deficiency, which could be a potential target of novel anti-tumor therapies.
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95
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Jiang J, Liu Z, Ge C, Chen C, Zhao F, Li H, Chen T, Yao M, Li J. NK3 homeobox 1 (NKX3.1) up-regulates forkhead box O1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma and thereby suppresses tumor proliferation and invasion. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:19146-19159. [PMID: 28972178 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.793760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in China, and the molecular mechanism of uncontrolled HCC progression remains to be explored. NK3 homeobox 1 (NKX3.1), an androgen-regulated prostate-specific transcription factor, suppresses tumors in prostate cancer, but its role in HCC is unknown, especially in hepatocellular carcinoma. In the present study, the differential expression analyses in HCC tissues and matched adjacent noncancerous liver tissues revealed that NKX3.1 is frequently down-regulated in human primary HCC tissues compared with matched adjacent noncancerous liver tissues. We also noted that NKX3.1 significantly inhibits proliferation and mobility of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo Furthermore, NKX3.1 overexpression resulted in cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase via direct binding to the promoter of forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) and up-regulation of expression. Of note, FOXO1 silencing in NKX3.1-overexpressing cells reversed the inhibitory effects of NKX3.1 on HCC cell proliferation and invasion. Consistently, both FOXO1 and NKX3.1 were down-regulated in human HCC tissues, and their expression was significantly and positively correlated with each other. These results suggest that NKX3.1 functions as a tumor suppressor in HCC cells through directly up-regulating FOXO1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Jiang
- From the Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032.,the State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, and
| | - Zheng Liu
- From the Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032.,the State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, and
| | - Chao Ge
- the State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, and
| | - Cong Chen
- the State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, and
| | - Fangyu Zhao
- the State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, and
| | - Hong Li
- the State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, and
| | - Taoyang Chen
- the Qi Dong Liver Cancer Institute, Qi Dong 226200, China
| | - Ming Yao
- the State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, and
| | - Jinjun Li
- the State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, and
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96
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Yuan J, Chen S, Shi F, Wu G, Liu A, Yang N, Sun C. Genome-wide association study reveals putative role of gga-miR-15a in controlling feed conversion ratio in layer chickens. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:699. [PMID: 28877683 PMCID: PMC5586008 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4092-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Efficient use of feed resources for farm animals is a critical concern in animal husbandry. Numerous genetic and nutritional studies have been conducted to investigate feed efficiency during the regular laying cycle of chickens. However, by prolonging the laying period of layers, the performance of feed utilization in the late-laying period becomes increasingly important. In the present study, we measured daily feed intake (FI), residual feed intake (RFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 808 hens during 81–82 weeks of age to evaluate genetic properties and then used a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to reveal the genetic determinants. Results The heritability estimates for the investigated traits were medium and between 0.15 and 0.28 in both pedigree- and genomic-based estimates, whereas the genetic correlations among these traits were high and ranged from 0.49 to 0.90. Three genome-wide significant SNPs located on chromosome 1 (GGA1) were detected for FCR. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) and conditional GWA analysis indicated that these 3 SNPs were highly correlated with one another, located at 13.55–45.16 Kb upstream of gga-miR-15a. Results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis in liver tissue showed that the expression of gga-miR-15a was significantly higher in the high FCR birds than that in the medium or low FCR birds. Bioinformatics analysis further revealed that gga-mir-15a could act on many target genes, such as forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) that is involved in the insulin-signaling pathway, which influences nutrient metabolism in many organisms. Additionally, some suggestively significant variants, located on GGA3 and GGA9, were identified to associate with FI and RFI. Conclusions This GWA analysis was conducted on feed intake and efficiency traits for chickens and was innovative for application in the late laying period. Our findings can be used as a reference in the genomic breeding programs for increasing the efficiency performance of old hens and to improve our understanding of the molecular determinants for feed efficiency. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4092-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Yuan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sirui Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengying Shi
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Layer, Beijing, China
| | - Guiqin Wu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Layer, Beijing, China
| | - Aiqiao Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Layer, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Congjiao Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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97
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Hatting M, Tavares CDJ, Sharabi K, Rines AK, Puigserver P. Insulin regulation of gluconeogenesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1411:21-35. [PMID: 28868790 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The coordinated regulation between cellular glucose uptake and endogenous glucose production is indispensable for the maintenance of constant blood glucose concentrations. The liver contributes significantly to this process by altering the levels of hepatic glucose release, through controlling the processes of de novo glucose production (gluconeogenesis) and glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis). Various nutritional and hormonal stimuli signal to alter hepatic gluconeogenic flux, and suppression of this metabolic pathway during the postprandial state can, to a significant extent, be attributed to insulin. Here, we review some of the molecular mechanisms through which insulin modulates hepatic gluconeogenesis, thus controlling glucose production by the liver to ultimately maintain normoglycemia. Various signaling pathways governed by insulin converge at the level of transcriptional regulation of the key hepatic gluconeogenic genes PCK1 and G6PC, highlighting this as one of the focal mechanisms through which gluconeogenesis is modulated. In individuals with compromised insulin signaling, such as insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes, insulin fails to suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis, even in the fed state; hence, an insight into these insulin-moderated pathways is critical for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Hatting
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Clint D J Tavares
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kfir Sharabi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amy K Rines
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pere Puigserver
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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98
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic progressive liver disorder that begins with simple hepatic steatosis and progresses to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer. As the global prevalence of NAFLD rises, it is increasingly important that we understand its pathogenesis and develop effective therapies for this chronic disease. Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors are key downstream regulators in the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling pathway, and have been implicated in a range of cellular functions including the regulation of glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol homeostasis. The role of FOXOs in the modulation of immune response and inflammation is complex, with reports of both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. FOXOs are reported to protect against hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting proliferation and transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells. Mice that are deficient in hepatic FOXOs are more susceptible to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis than wild-type controls. In summary, FOXOs play a critical role in maintaining metabolic and cellular homeostasis in the liver, and dysregulation of FOXOs may be involved in NAFLD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Charlie Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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99
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Li G, Jin M, He Y, Ren J, Zhang M, Chen Y, Lan X, Zhong J, Liu H. Fork Head Box Class O1 (FOXO1) Activates Bim Expression to Mediate Cardiac Apoptosis in Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:3603-3616. [PMID: 28738025 PMCID: PMC5540011 DOI: 10.12659/msm.905210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by chronic intermittent episodes of upper-airway obstruction with hypoxia and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial hypertrophy. Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) has been shown to induce apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. However, the mechanisms of cardiomyocytes apoptosis under CIH largely remain unclear. Material/Methods We used male Sprague-Dawley rats and human cardiomyocyte cell line H9C2, and Annexin V/PI, Western blot analysis, co-immunoprecipitation, RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and TUNEL assay were carried out. Results We show that Bim was significantly up-regulated by CIH in cardiomyocytes, and the function of Bim in CIH-induced apoptosis was supported by the genetic suppression of Bim with si-RNA. We also observed that CIH-motivated expression of Bim was directly related to fork head box class O1 (FOXO1), which is increased in CIH. Genetic ablation and pharmacological inhibition of FOXO1 in cardiomyocytes attenuated CIH-induced apoptosis, hypertrophy, and features of perivascular fibrosis in cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions FOXO1 is a key integrator of the apoptosis signal transduction pathway, driving chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced cardiac hypertrophy, and inhibition of FOXO1 provides a potential target for the treatment of OSAS with cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcai Li
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Key Lab of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Meng Jin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Key Lab of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Yuan He
- The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Key Lab of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Minghua Zhang
- The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Yilin Chen
- The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Xiong Lan
- The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Jianhua Zhong
- The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Huiguo Liu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Key Lab of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
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100
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Guzmán-Pérez V, Bumke-Vogt C, Schreiner M, Mewis I, Borchert A, Pfeiffer AFH. Benzylglucosinolate Derived Isothiocyanate from Tropaeolum majus Reduces Gluconeogenic Gene and Protein Expression in Human Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162397. [PMID: 27622707 PMCID: PMC5021297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.) contains high concentrations of benzylglcosinolate. We found that a hydrolysis product of benzyl glucosinolate-the benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC)-modulates the intracellular localization of the transcription factor Forkhead box O 1 (FOXO1). FoxO transcription factors can antagonize insulin effects and trigger a variety of cellular processes involved in tumor suppression, longevity, development and metabolism. The current study evaluated the ability of BITC-extracted as intact glucosinolate from nasturtium and hydrolyzed with myrosinase-to modulate i) the insulin-signaling pathway, ii) the intracellular localization of FOXO1 and, iii) the expression of proteins involved in gluconeogenesis, antioxidant response and detoxification. Stably transfected human osteosarcoma cells (U-2 OS) with constitutive expression of FOXO1 protein labeled with GFP (green fluorescent protein) were used to evaluate the effect of BITC on FOXO1. Human hepatoma HepG2 cell cultures were selected to evaluate the effect on gluconeogenic, antioxidant and detoxification genes and protein expression. BITC reduced the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT/PKB) and FOXO1; promoted FOXO1 translocation from cytoplasm into the nucleus antagonizing the insulin effect; was able to down-regulate the gene and protein expression of gluconeogenic enzymes; and induced the gene expression of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes. Knockdown analyses with specific siRNAs showed that the expression of gluconeogenic genes was dependent on nuclear factor (erythroid derived)-like2 (NRF2) and independent of FOXO1, AKT and NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1). The current study provides evidence that BITC might have a role in type 2 diabetes T2D by reducing hepatic glucose production and increasing antioxidant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Guzmán-Pérez
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Sciences Faculty—Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
- * E-mail:
| | - Christiane Bumke-Vogt
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Plant Quality, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Großbeeren/Erfurt e.V, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Department of Plant Quality, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Großbeeren/Erfurt e.V, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Inga Mewis
- Department of Plant Quality, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Großbeeren/Erfurt e.V, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Andrea Borchert
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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