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Du W, Gong XL, Tian Y, Zhu X, Peng Y, Wang YW. Coumarin-Based Fluorescence Probe for Differentiated Detection of Biothiols and Its Bioimaging in Cells. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040447. [PMID: 37185522 PMCID: PMC10136212 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a coumarin derivative, SWJT-14, was synthesized as a fluorescence probe to distinguish cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH) in aqueous solutions. The detection limit of Cys, Hcy and GSH for the probe was 0.02 μM, 0.42 μM and 0.92 μM, respectively, which was lower than biothiols in cells. The probe reacted with biothiols to generate different products with different conjugated structures. Additionally, it could distinguish Cys, Hcy and GSH using fluorescence and UV-Vis spectra. The detection mechanism was confirmed by MS. SWJT-14 was successfully used in cellular experiments and detected both endogenous and exogenous biothiols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- School of Life Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Xiu-Lin Gong
- School of Life Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yang Tian
- School of Life Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yu Peng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Ya-Wen Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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Huang Y, Tan Y, Wang L, Lan L, Luo J, Wang J, Zeng H, Shu W. Consumption of very low-mineral water may threaten cardiovascular health by increasing homocysteine in children. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1133488. [PMID: 36969809 PMCID: PMC10034051 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1133488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionHomocysteine (Hcy) is a critical factor for cardiovascular injury, and the elevation of Hcy in children will inevitably increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. This study explored the effect of very low-mineral water on children’s Hcy and cardiovascular health.Materials and methodsThis was a retrospective cohort study that recruited two groups of 10–13-year-old children who had consumed direct drinking water (DDW) in school for 4 years. The control group (NW) (119 boys, 110 girls) consumed normal DDW (conductivity 345 μs/cm). The very low-mineral water consumption group (VLW) (223 boys, 208 girls) consumed very low-mineral DDW (conductivity 40.0 μs/cm). Serum Hcy, Hcy metabolites, cofactors of Hcy metabolism, and cardiovascular biomarkers were assessed and standardized by age- and sex-specific Z-scores, and the differences between the two groups were analyzed with independent t-test. The relationships between Hcy metabolism biomarkers and key factors, cardiovascular biomarkers, serum Ca, and mineral intake were analyzed with linear regression.ResultsCompared with the NW group, the VLW group had significantly higher serum Hcy, Apo-B, Apo-B/A1, and oxLDL, and lower serum 1,25,(OH)2D3, vitamin B6 and B12, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, and Apo-A1. Serum Hcy was positively associated with serum Apo-B and Apo-B/A1, and negatively associated with Ca intake from water and serum 1,25,(OH)2D3.ConclusionThis study suggested that drinking very low-mineral water may increase Hcy level and oxidative stress, worsen lipid profile, and threaten the cardiovascular system in children. Reducing 1,25,(OH)2D3, and disordering of calcium metabolism might play important roles. This study first established an association between demineralized drinking water and cardiovascular health in children, suggesting a new environmental concern risk to cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Huang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Tan
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lingqiao Wang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Lan
- Department of Communicable Disease Prevention and Management, Chongqing Municipal Corps of Integrated Health Administrative Law Enforcement, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaohua Luo
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Weiqun Shu
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Weiqun Shu,
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53
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Ahlskog JE. Levodopa, homocysteine and Parkinson's disease: What's the problem? Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 109:105357. [PMID: 36922273 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Elevated circulating homocysteine levels have been associated with cognitive impairment and cardio-cerebro-vascular events. Levodopa treatment of Parkinson's disease tends to further elevate circulating homocysteine levels due to the metabolism of levodopa via catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). COMT co-factors are vitamins B12, B6 and folic acid. Accumulating deficiencies of these vitamins are presumed to be the substrate for the homocysteine elevation. B-vitamin therapy reduces homocysteine levels. This begs the question of whether Parkinson's disease patients on levodopa should be concurrently treated with ongoing B-vitamin therapy (versus long-term monitoring of B-vitamins/homocysteine). There is a substantial literature on this topic that has accumulated over the last quarter-century, and this topic is still debated. This review summarizes the relevant literature with the aim of approximating closure on this issue. Also, noteworthy is that Parkinson's disease patients with renal insufficiency may not tolerate cyanocobalamin, the standard oral B12 supplement due to facilitation of renal decline; alternatives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Eric Ahlskog
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Söderström E, Andersson J, Söderberg S, van Guelpen B, Nilsson TK, Hultdin J. CTH G1208T and MTHFR A1298C polymorphisms are associated with a higher risk of a first myocardial infarction with fatal outcome among women. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2023; 38:57-63. [PMID: 36279151 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2022-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE) in the transsulfuration pathway generates hydrogen sulfide (H2S), suggested regulating cardiovascular function. The G1208T polymorphism in the CTH gene, rs1021737, has, in addition to MTHFR, been found to increase homocysteine, related to myocardial infarction (MI) risk. This study aimed, for the first time, to investigate the associations of the polymorphisms CTH G1208T, MTHFR C677T, and A1298C with the prospective risk of developing a fatal or non-fatal first MI. METHODS This case-referent study included 545 cases later developing a first-ever MI and 1,054 referents from the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study. Fatal MI was defined as death within 28 days after MI symptoms. RESULTS Women, but not men, had a positive association between fatal MI and the CTH G1208T, odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 3.14 [1.16-8.54] for heterozygotes, and the dominant model 3.22 [1.22-8.51], and for the MTHFR A1298C heterozygotes 3.24 [1.26-8.34] and the dominant model 2.63 [1.06-6.50]. The MTHFR C677T polymorphism was not related to MI. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that the minor alleles of CTH G1208T and MTHFR A1298C polymorphisms are associated with a higher risk for a fatal MI among women but not for non-fatal MI. No association was found in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Söderström
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Norrbotten County Council, Sunderby Hospital, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonas Andersson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Skellefteå Research Unit, Umeå University, Skellefteå, Sweden
| | - Stefan Söderberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bethany van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn K Nilsson
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Hultdin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Guéant JL, Guéant-Rodriguez RM, Oussalah A, Zuily S, Rosenberg I. Hyperhomocysteinemia in Cardiovascular Diseases: Revisiting Observational Studies and Clinical Trials. Thromb Haemost 2023; 123:270-282. [PMID: 36170884 DOI: 10.1055/a-1952-1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Thromboembolic manifestations are relatively frequent in patients with intermediate/severe hyperhomocysteinemia (>30 µmol/L) related to inherited disorders and deficiencies in vitamin B12 and folate. In contrast, moderate hyperhomocysteinemia (15-30 µmol/L) is a modest predictor of cardiovascular risk. The recognition of homocysteine as a cardiovascular risk factor has been challenged by some but not all randomized clinical trials. We reviewed the main data of this controversy and formulated conclusions to be translated in clinical practice.Homocysteine-lowering trials have been performed in cardiovascular subjects with moderate but not intermediate/severe hyperhomocysteinemia despite the dose-effect risk association. The first meta-analyses found no benefit and led cardiology societies not recommending homocysteine in the assessment of cardiovascular risk. This guideline challenged the need to diagnose and treat the nutritional and genetic causes of intermediate/major hyperhomocysteinemia and was not revised when larger meta-analyses concluded to a reduced risk of stroke. In a recent observational study, 84% of consecutive cardiovascular patients assessed for homocysteine had intermediate or major hyperhomocysteinemia, which was properly assessed in only half of the cases and related to B12 and/or folate deficiency and Addison/Biermer disease in 55% of these cases.In conclusion, revisiting observational studies and clinical trials suggests that cardiovascular patients should be screened for hyperhomocysteinemia, when no other risk factor is found. Patients with intermediate/major hyperhomocysteinemia should be properly assessed and treated for B vitamin deficiencies and inherited disorders according to current guidelines. Further trials are needed to assess the effect of lowering homocysteine according to hyperhomocysteinemia categories at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Guéant
- Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Departments of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Molecular Medicine, University Hospital of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France.,Reference Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (ORPHA67872), University Hospital of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France.,INSERM UMR_S 1256, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure (NGERE), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Rosa-Maria Guéant-Rodriguez
- Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Departments of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Molecular Medicine, University Hospital of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France.,Reference Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (ORPHA67872), University Hospital of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France.,INSERM UMR_S 1256, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure (NGERE), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Abderrahim Oussalah
- Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Departments of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Molecular Medicine, University Hospital of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France.,Reference Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (ORPHA67872), University Hospital of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France.,INSERM UMR_S 1256, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure (NGERE), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Stéphane Zuily
- Vascular Medicine Division and Regional Competence Center for Rare Auto-Immune Diseases, INSERM UMR_S 1116 DCAC and CHRU-Nancy, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Irwin Rosenberg
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Koeder C, Anand C, Husain S, Kranz RM, Schoch N, Alzughayyar D, Bitterlich N, Hahn A, Englert H. Exploratory analysis of the effect of a controlled lifestyle intervention on inflammatory markers - the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme (cohort 2). BMC Nutr 2023; 9:25. [PMID: 36747285 PMCID: PMC9900566 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-023-00684-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with an increased risk of chronic disease and mortality. The objective of the study was to test the effect of a healthy lifestyle intervention on biomarkers of inflammation (among other risk markers). METHODS We conducted a non-randomized controlled trial with mostly middle-aged and elderly participants from the general population in rural northwest Germany (intervention: n = 114; control: n = 87). The intervention consisted of a 1-year lifestyle programme focusing on diet (largely plant-based; strongest emphasis), physical activity, stress management, and social support. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was assessed at baseline, 10 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year. Homocysteine (Hcy) was assessed at baseline, 10 weeks, and 1 year. Adiponectin (Apn) was assessed at baseline and 10 weeks. An exploratory analysis of these inflammatory markers assessing the between-group differences with ANCOVA was conducted. RESULTS The 1-year trajectory of hs-CRP was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to control (between-group difference: -0.8 (95% CI -1.2, -0.3) mg/l; p = 0.001; adjusted for baseline). The 1-year trajectory of Hcy was non-significantly higher in the intervention compared to control (between-group difference: 0.2 (95% CI -0.3, 0.7) µmol/l; p = 0.439; adjusted for baseline). From baseline to 10 weeks, Apn decreased significantly more in the intervention group compared to control (between-group difference: -1.6 (95% CI -2.7, -0.5) µg/ml; p = 0.004; adjusted for baseline). CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that healthy lifestyle changes can lower hs-CRP and Apn levels and are unlikely to significantly affect Hcy levels within 1 year. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS; reference: DRKS00018775 , registered 12 Sept 2019; retrospectively registered; www.drks.de ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Koeder
- grid.9122.80000 0001 2163 2777Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hanover, Hanover, Germany ,grid.466058.9Department of Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Corinna Anand
- grid.466058.9Department of Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sarah Husain
- grid.466058.9Department of Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ragna-Marie Kranz
- grid.466058.9Department of Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nora Schoch
- grid.466058.9Department of Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dima Alzughayyar
- grid.466058.9Department of Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Norman Bitterlich
- Department of Biostatistics, Medizin & Service GmbH, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Andreas Hahn
- grid.9122.80000 0001 2163 2777Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hanover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Heike Englert
- grid.466058.9Department of Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Münster, Münster, Germany
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Determination of the relationship of visphatin and homocysteine levels with indicators of glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism in peri- and postmenopause women with type 2 diabetes mellitus and osteoarthritis. EUREKA: HEALTH SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.21303/2504-5679.2023.002787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), among other modern diseases, certainly occupies a leading position today. Moreover, the comorbid combination of T2DM and osteoarthritis (OA) is a common example of the development of complications, disability and mortality these days. As you know, T2DM develops against the background of obesity and overweight. A significant group of patients prone to these pathologies are peri- and postmenopausal women. Estrogen deficiency during this period worsens the course of these interdependent conditions. Therefore, searching for ways of early diagnosis of OA in women with T2DM is an urgent task of internal medicine.
Purpose. To determine the interdependencies of indicators of glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism with levels of visfatin (VF) and homocysteine (HC) in women with T2DM and OA in peri- and postmenopause.
Methods. For the study, 120 thematic women in peri- and postmenopause were selected and were divided into three groups: 1st (n=20) - women with a mono-course of T2DM; 2nd (n=20) – with a mono-course of OA; 3rd (n=64) – with the comorbid course of T2DM and OA. The control group (CG) consisted of 16 relatively healthy women of the appropriate age. Diagnoses of T2DM and OA were established in accordance with the current Orders of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Laboratory diagnostic methods were performed according to standard methods.
The results. According to the obtained results, the presence of interdependencies of all indicators of lipid metabolism and glucose-insulin metabolism was reliably determined, which indicated direct correlations (mostly of moderate strength) with the levels of HC and VF in the blood of the examinees, most pronounced in the comorbid combination of T2DM and OA in peri- and postmenopause.
Conclusions. In work, an analysis of the correlations of indicators of glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism with disturbances in the metabolism of VF and HC in women with T2DM and OA in pre- and postmenopause was carried out, and their interdependent relationships were determined. The highest levels of VF and HC were recorded in the group of women with comorbid pathology of T2DM and OA.
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Using Bayesian networks with Tabu-search algorithm to explore risk factors for hyperhomocysteinemia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1610. [PMID: 36709366 PMCID: PMC9884210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is a condition closely associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Detecting its risk factors and taking some relevant interventions still represent the top priority to lower its prevalence. Yet, in discussing risk factors, Logistic regression model is usually adopted but accompanied by some defects. In this study, a Tabu Search-based BNs was first constructed for HHcy and its risk factors, and the conditional probability between nodes was calculated using Maximum Likelihood Estimation. Besides, we tried to compare its performance with Hill Climbing-based BNs and Logistic regression model in risk factor detection and discuss its prospect in clinical practice. Our study found that Age, sex, α1-microgloblobumin to creatinine ratio, fasting plasma glucose, diet and systolic blood pressure represent direct risk factors for HHcy, and smoking, glycosylated hemoglobin and BMI constitute indirect risk factors for HHcy. Besides, the performance of Tabu Search-based BNs is better than Hill Climbing-based BNs. Accordingly, BNs with Tabu Search algorithm could be a supplement for Logistic regression, allowing for exploring the complex network relationship and the overall linkage between HHcy and its risk factors. Besides, Bayesian reasoning allows for risk prediction of HHcy, which is more reasonable in clinical practice and thus should be promoted.
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Ha J, Kwak S, Kim KY, Kim H, Cho SY, Kim M, Lee JY, Kim E. Relationship Between Adipokines, Cognition, and Brain Structures in Old Age Depending on Obesity. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:120-128. [PMID: 35137074 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin are associated with cognitive function. Although adiposity crucially affects adipokine levels, it remains unclear whether the relationship between adipokines and cognition is influenced by obesity. METHODS We enrolled 171 participants and divided them into participants with obesity and without obesity to explore the effect of obesity on the relationship between adipokines and cognition. In addition to plasma levels of leptin and adiponectin, multidomain cognitive functions and brain structures were assessed using neuropsychological testing and magnetic resonance imaging. Association between levels of these adipokines and Alzheimer's disease (AD) was then assessed by logistic regression. RESULTS We found that cognitive function was negatively associated with leptin levels and leptin-to-adiponectin ratio (LAR). Such correlations between leptin and cognitive domains were prominent in participants with obesity but were not observed in those without obesity. Leptin levels were associated with lower hippocampal volumes in participants with obesity. A significant interaction of leptin and obesity was found mostly in the medial temporal lobe. Both leptin and LAR were positively associated with insulin resistance and inflammation markers in all participants. Of note, LAR was associated with a higher risk of AD after adjusting for demographic variables, Apolipoprotein E genotype, and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS Obesity might be a factor that determines how adipokines affect brain structure and cognition. Leptin resistance might influence the relationship between adipokines and cognition. In addition, LAR rather than each adipokine levels alone may be a better indicator of AD risk in older adults with metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghee Ha
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyul Kwak
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Pusan National University, Department of Psychology, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun You Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjeong Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minae Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eosu Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Witucki Ł, Borowczyk K, Suszyńska-Zajczyk J, Warzych E, Pawlak P, Jakubowski H. Deletion of the Homocysteine Thiolactone Detoxifying Enzyme Bleomycin Hydrolase, in Mice, Causes Memory and Neurological Deficits and Worsens Alzheimer's Disease-Related Behavioral and Biochemical Traits in the 5xFAD Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:1735-1755. [PMID: 37718819 PMCID: PMC10578231 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bleomycin hydrolase (BLMH), a homocysteine (Hcy)-thiolactone detoxifying enzyme, is attenuated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. Blmh loss causes astrogliosis in mice while the loss of histone demethylase Phf8, which controls mTOR signaling, causes neuropathy in mice and humans. OBJECTIVE To examine how Blmh gene deletion affects the Phf8/H4K20me1/mTOR/autophagy pathway, amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, and cognitive/neuromotor performance in mice. METHODS We generated a new mouse model of AD, the Blmh-/-5xFAD mouse. Behavioral assessments were conducted by cognitive/neuromotor testing. Blmh and Phf8 genes were silenced in mouse neuroblastoma N2a-APPswe cells by RNA interference. mTOR- and autophagy-related proteins, and AβPP were quantified by western blotting and the corresponding mRNAs by RT-qPCR. Aβ was quantified by western blotting (brains) and by confocal microscopy (cells). RESULTS Behavioral testing showed cognitive/neuromotor deficits in Blmh-/- and Blmh-/-5xFAD mice. Phf8 was transcriptionally downregulated in Blmh-/- and Blmh-/-5xFAD brains. H4K20me1, mTOR, phospho-mTOR, and AβPP were upregulated while autophagy markers Becn1, Atg5, and Atg7 were downregulated in Blmh-/- and Blmh-/-5xFAD brains. Aβ was elevated in Blmh-/-5xFAD brains. These biochemical changes were recapitulated in Blmh-silenced N2a-APPswe cells, which also showed increased H4K20me1-mTOR promoter binding and impaired autophagy flux (Lc3-I, Lc3-II, p62). Phf8-silencing or treatments with Hcy-thiolactone or N-Hcy-protein, metabolites elevated in Blmh-/- mice, induced biochemical changes in N2a-APPswe cells like those induced by the Blmh-silencing. However, Phf8-silencing elevated Aβ without affecting AβPP. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that Blmh interacts with AβPP and the Phf8/H4K20me1/mTOR/autophagy pathway, and that disruption of those interactions causes Aβ accumulation and cognitive/neuromotor deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Witucki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, International Center for Public Health, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Kamila Borowczyk
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, International Center for Public Health, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Joanna Suszyńska-Zajczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewelina Warzych
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Pawlak
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Hieronim Jakubowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, International Center for Public Health, Newark, NJ, USA
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Mo T, Wang Y, Gao H, Li W, Zhou L, Yuan Y, Zhang X, He M, Guo H, Long P, Wu T. Sleep Duration, Midday Napping, and Serum Homocysteine Levels: A Gene-Environment Interaction Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:210. [PMID: 36615867 PMCID: PMC9823917 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The associations of sleep duration and midday napping with homocysteine (Hcy) levels, and whether these sleep behaviors modify the association between genetic predisposition and Hcy levels, has yet to be investigated. We included 19,426 participants without severe health conditions at baseline from the Dongfeng−Tongji cohort. In a subgroup of 15,126 participants with genetic data, a genetic risk score (GRS) based on 18 Hcy-related loci was constructed to test the gene−sleep interactions in Hcy. Hcy levels were higher in subjects with a long sleep duration (≥9 h) and midday napping (>90 min), as compared to those who reported a moderate sleep duration (7 to <8 h) and midday napping (1−30 min) (all p values < 0.05). A long sleep duration and midday napping showed a joint effect in increasing Hcy (p for trend < 0.001). Significant interactions regarding Hcy levels were observed for a long sleep duration with GRS and MTHFR rs1801133, and long midday napping with DPEP1 rs12921383 (all p values for interaction < 0.05). Overall findings indicated that a long sleep duration and midday napping were associated with elevated serum Hcy levels, independently and jointly, and amplified the genetic susceptibility to higher Hcy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pinpin Long
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Santos JDGD, Souza FISD, Faria JCP, Sawamura LS, Gessullo ADV, Sarni ROS. Homocysteine concentrations in overweight children and adolescents. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2023; 69:285-290. [PMID: 36722654 PMCID: PMC9983467 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20220991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe homocysteine concentrations in overweight and obese children and adolescents and relate them to blood pressure levels, renal function, and insulin resistance. METHODS This is a cross-sectional and observational study with 64 overweight children and adolescents (mean age: 11.6±3.5 years) in outpatient follow-up. The following parameters were evaluated: body mass index z-score, waist-to-height circumference ratio, pubertal stage, blood pressure, serum homocysteine, glycemia, insulin, lipid profile, renal function, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, microalbuminuria, and creatinuria. Statistical analysis: analysis of variance and logistic regression (dependent variable: homocysteine) (p<0.05). RESULTS The mean body mass index z-score was 2.9±1.1. The mean homocysteine concentrations were 8.6±2.2 μmol/L (10th and 90th percentiles: 6.6 and 11.2 μmol/L, respectively), with no difference when compared with children with severe obesity and obesity/overweight (p=0.431). High values of waist-to-height ratio (93.8%), systolic blood pressure (18.8%), diastolic blood pressure (12.5%), glycemia (4.7%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (31.1%), triglycerides (35.9%), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (34.4%), and microalbuminuria (21.9%) were obtained. The mean glomerular filtration rate was 122.9±24.6 mL/min/1.73 m². Homocysteine concentrations were not associated with any of the studied variables (R²=0.095). CONCLUSION Homocysteine concentrations in overweight children and adolescents (mean 8.6±2.2 μmol/L) were not associated with body mass index z-score, blood pressure, renal function, and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabíola Isabel Suano de Souza
- Centro Universitário Fundação Santo André, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Department of Pediatrics - Santo André (SP), Brazil.,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Pediatrics - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - João Carlos Pina Faria
- Centro Universitário Fundação Santo André, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Department of Pediatrics - Santo André (SP), Brazil.,Universidade Nove de Julho, Department of Pediatrics - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Luciana Satiko Sawamura
- Centro Universitário Fundação Santo André, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Department of Pediatrics - Santo André (SP), Brazil.,Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul, Department of Pediatrics - São Caetano do Sul (SP), Brazil
| | - Anelise Del Vecchio Gessullo
- Centro Universitário Fundação Santo André, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Department of Pediatrics - Santo André (SP), Brazil
| | - Roseli Oselka Saccardo Sarni
- Centro Universitário Fundação Santo André, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Department of Pediatrics - Santo André (SP), Brazil.,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Pediatrics - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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63
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Shen Z, Zhang Z, Zhao W. Relationship between plasma homocysteine and chronic kidney disease in US patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:419. [PMID: 36587192 PMCID: PMC9805683 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-03045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between plasma homocysteine (Hcy) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in US patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS We used data from the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES). CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and/or urinary albumin-creatine ratio ≥ 3 mg/mmol. RESULTS This study included 1018 patients with T2DM. The mean Hcy value was 10.2 ± 4.6 μmol/L. Among the patients, 417 (40.96%) had hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and 480 (47.15%) had CKD. The Hcy level was higher in patients with CKD than in those without CKD. Compared to patients with normal Hcy, those with HHcy were older and had worse renal function. After full multivariate adjustment, HHcy was positively associated with the risk of CKD in US patients with T2DM (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.11-1.22; P < 0.001), which for women was 1.15 (95% CI, 1.08 ~ 1.23; P < 0.001) and for men was 1.18 (95% CI, 1.1 ~ 1.27; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS HHcy was independently associated with CKD in patients with T2DM. Further prospective studies are warranted to investigate the effect of Hcy on CKD in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Shen
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 23 Art Museum Back Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010 China
| | - Zhengmei Zhang
- grid.24695.3c0000 0001 1431 9176Department of TCM Internal Medicine, Huguosi TCM Hospital, Affiliated with Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 23 Art Museum Back Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010 China
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64
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Elias MF, Brown CJ. Medical foods for lowering homocysteine in hypertensive patients. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2022; 25:111-114. [PMID: 36519215 PMCID: PMC9832224 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Merrill F. Elias
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Maine and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and EngineeringUniversity of MaineOronoMaineUSA
| | - Craig J. Brown
- Department of OphthalmologyCollege of MedicineUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesFayettevilleArkansasUSA
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du Plessis JP, Lammertyn L, Schutte AE, Nienaber-Rousseau C. H-Type Hypertension among Black South Africans and the Relationship between Homocysteine, Its Genetic Determinants and Estimates of Vascular Function. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9120447. [PMID: 36547444 PMCID: PMC9783379 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9120447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Our objective was to emphasize Hcy’s contribution in hypertension and CVD management by determining H-type hypertension (hypertension with Hcy ≥ 10 µmol/L) and associations between Hcy, blood pressure (BP) and estimates of vascular function among Black South Africans. We included 1995 adults (63% female). Plasma Hcy and cardiovascular measures (systolic and diastolic BP (SBP, DBP), pulse pressure, heart rate (HR), carotid-radialis pulse wave velocity (cr-PWV), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) were quantified. Five Hcy-related polymorphisms (cystathionine β-synthase (CBS 844ins68, T833C, G9276A); methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T) and methionine synthase (MTR A2756G)) were genotyped. Hcy was >10 µmol/L in 41% (n = 762), and of the 47% (n = 951) hypertensives, 45% (n = 425) presented with H-type. Hcy was higher in hypertensives vs. normotensives (9.86 vs. 8.78 µmol/L, p < 0.0001, effect size 0.56) and correlated positively with SBP, DBP, cr-PWV and ICAM-1 (r > 0.19, p < 0.0001). Over Hcy quartiles, SBP, DBP, HR, cr-PWV and ICAM-1 increased progressively (all p-trends ≤ 0.001). In multiple regression models, Hcy contributed to the variance of SBP, DBP, HR, cr-PWV and ICAM-1. H-type hypertensives also had the lowest MTHFR 677 CC frequency (p = 0.03). Hcy is positively and independently associated with markers of vascular function and raised BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacomina P. du Plessis
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Leandi Lammertyn
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Aletta E. Schutte
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, The George Institute of Global Health, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Cornelie Nienaber-Rousseau
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- Correspondence:
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Sobieszczuk-Nowicka E, Arasimowicz-Jelonek M, Tanwar UK, Floryszak-Wieczorek J. Plant homocysteine, a methionine precursor and plant's hallmark of metabolic disorders. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1044944. [PMID: 36570932 PMCID: PMC9773845 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1044944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing non-proteinogenic amino acid, which arises from redox-sensitive methionine metabolism. In plants, Hcy synthesis involves both cystathionine β-lyase and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase activities. Thus, Hcy itself is crucial for de novo methionine synthesis and S-adenosylmethionine recycling, influencing the formation of ethylene, polyamines, and nicotianamine. Research on mammalian cells has shown biotoxicity of this amino acid, as Hcy accumulation triggers oxidative stress and the associated lipid peroxidation process. In addition, the presence of highly reactive groups induces Hcy and Hcy derivatives to modify proteins by changing their structure and function. Currently, Hcy is recognized as a critical, independent hallmark of many degenerative metabolic diseases. Research results indicate that an enhanced Hcy level is also toxic to yeast and bacteria cells. In contrast, in the case of plants the metabolic status of Hcy remains poorly examined and understood. However, the presence of the toxic Hcy metabolites and Hcy over-accumulation during the development of an infectious disease seem to suggest harmful effects of this amino acid also in plant cells. The review highlights potential implications of Hcy metabolism in plant physiological disorders caused by environmental stresses. Moreover, recent research advances emphasize that recognizing the Hcy mode of action in various plant systems facilitates verification of the potential status of Hcy metabolites as bioindicators of metabolism disorders and thus may constitute an element of broadly understood biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Sobieszczuk-Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Umesh Kumar Tanwar
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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Thrombophilia and outcomes of venous thromboembolism in older patients. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2022; 7:100015. [PMID: 36970742 PMCID: PMC10031374 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2022.100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Limited data exist on thrombophilic risk factors and clinical outcomes in the elderly with venous thromboembolism (VTE). Objectives To describe the prevalence of laboratory thrombophilic risk factors and their association with VTE recurrence or death in a cohort of elderly people with VTE. Methods In 240 patients aged ≥65 years with acute VTE without active cancer or an indication for extended anticoagulation, we performed laboratory thrombophilia testing 1 year after the index VTE. Recurrence or death was assessed during the 2-year follow-up. Results A total of 78% of patients had ≥1 laboratory thrombophilic risk factor(s). Elevated levels of von Willebrand factor, homocysteine, coagulant activity of factor VIII (FVIII:C), fibrinogen, FIX:C, and low antithrombin activity were the most prevalent risk factors (43%, 30%, 15%, 14%, 13%, and 11%, respectively). Additionally, 16.2% of patients experienced VTE recurrence and 5.8% of patients died. Patients with a von Willebrand factor of >182%, FVIII:C level >200%, homocysteine level >15μmol/L, or lupus anticoagulant had a significantly higher rate of recurrence than those without these risk factors (15.0 vs. 6.1 [P = .006], 23.5 vs. 8.2 [P = .01], 17.0 vs. 6.8 [P = .006], and 89.5 vs. 9.2 [P = .02] events per 100 patient-years, respectively). Furthermore, patients with a high fibrinogen level or hyperhomocysteinemia with a homocysteine level ≥30 μmol/L had significantly higher mortality than patients with normal levels (18.5 vs. 2.8 [P = .049] and 13.6 vs. 2 [P = .002] deaths per 100 patient-years, respectively). After adjustments for relevant confounders, these associations remained unchanged. Conclusion Laboratory thrombophilic risk factors are common in elderly people with VTE and allow for the identification of a population at the risk of worse clinical outcomes.
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68
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Up-to-date knowledge about analytical methods for homocysteine thiolactone determination in biological samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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69
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Reagan AM, Christensen KE, Graham LC, Bedwell AA, Eldridge K, Speedy R, Figueiredo LL, Persohn SC, Bottiglieri T, Nho K, Sasner M, Territo PR, Rozen R, Howell GR. The 677C > T variant in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase causes morphological and functional cerebrovascular deficits in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:2333-2350. [PMID: 36050860 PMCID: PMC9670012 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221122644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) particularly Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRDs) are increasing; however, mechanisms driving cerebrovascular decline are poorly understood. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a critical enzyme in the folate and methionine cycles. Variants in MTHFR, notably 677 C > T, are associated with dementias, but no mouse model existed to identify mechanisms by which MTHFR677C > T increases risk. Therefore, MODEL-AD created a novel knock-in (KI) strain carrying the Mthfr677C > T allele on the C57BL/6J background (Mthfr677C > T) to characterize morphology and function perturbed by the variant. Consistent with human clinical data, Mthfr677C > T mice have reduced enzyme activity in the liver and elevated plasma homocysteine levels. MTHFR enzyme activity is also reduced in the Mthfr677C > T brain. Mice showed reduced tissue perfusion in numerous brain regions by PET/CT as well as significantly reduced vascular density, pericyte number and increased GFAP-expressing astrocytes in frontal cortex. Electron microscopy revealed cerebrovascular damage including endothelial and pericyte apoptosis, reduced luminal size, and increased astrocyte and microglial presence in the microenvironment. Collectively, these data support a mechanism by which variations in MTHFR perturb cerebrovascular health laying the foundation to incorporate our new Mthfr677C > T mouse model in studies examining genetic susceptibility for cerebrovascular dysfunction in ADRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen E Christensen
- Departments of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, McGill University,
Research Institute of the Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Amanda A Bedwell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology,
Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kierra Eldridge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology,
Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rachael Speedy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology,
Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lucas L Figueiredo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology,
Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Scott C Persohn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology,
Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor
Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana Alzheimer’s Disease Research
Center, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School
of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Paul R Territo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology,
Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rima Rozen
- Departments of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, McGill University,
Research Institute of the Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gareth R Howell
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School
of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering,
University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
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Bretes E, Wróblewski J, Wyszczelska-Rokiel M, Jakubowski H. Cystathionine β-synthase gene inactivation dysregulates major urinary protein biogenesis and impairs sexual signaling in mice. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22547. [PMID: 36098436 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200969r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive success in mice depends on sexually dimorphic major urinary proteins (Mup) that facilitate interactions between females and males. Deletion of cystathionine β-synthase (Cbs) gene, a metabolic gene important for homeostasis of one-carbon metabolism, impairs reproduction by causing female infertility in mice. Here, we examined Mup biogenesis and sexual signaling in Cbs-/- versus Cbs+/- mice. We found significantly reduced levels of total urinary Mup protein in male and female Cbs-/- versus Cbs+/- mice. SDS-PAGE/Western blot, ESI-MS, and RT-qPCR analyses of the liver, plasma, and urinary proteins identified a male-specific Mup20 in Cbs-/- , but not in Cbs+/- females. The 18 893 Da Mup20 became the most abundant in urine of Cbs-/- females and males. Effects of Cbs genotype on 18 645 Da, 18 693 Da, and 18 709 Da Mup species abundance were Mup- and sex-specific. Cbs genotype-dependent changes in hepatic Mups and Mup20 expression were similar at the protein and mRNA level. Changes in Mups, but not in Mup20, can be explained by downregulation of hepatic Zhx2 and Ghr receptors in Cbs-/- mice. Behavioral testing showed that Cbs+/- females ignored Cbs-/- male urine but were attracted to Cbs+/- male urine. Cbs+/- males ignored urine of Cbs-/- males but countermarked urine of other Cbs+/- males and were attracted to urines of Cbs-/- as well as Cbs+/- females. Cbs-/- males did not countermark urine of Cbs+/- males but were attracted to urines of Cbs+/- females. Taken together, these findings show that Cbs, a metabolic gene, interacts with the processes involved in Mup biogenesis that are essential for the maintenance of sexual dimorphism and signaling and suggest that dysregulation of these interactions impairs reproductive fitness in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Bretes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jacek Wróblewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland.,Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Wyszczelska-Rokiel
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, International Center for Public Health, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hieronim Jakubowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland.,Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, International Center for Public Health, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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Silberstein RB, Pipingas A, Scholey AB. Homocysteine Modulates Brain Functional Connectivity in a Memory Retrieval Task. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:199-209. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Homocysteine, a methionine metabolite, is a recognized risk factor for accelerated age-related cognitive decline and dementia. Objective: In the light of studies indicating increases in brain activity and brain functional connectivity in the early stages of age-related cognitive decline, we undertook a study to examine the relationship between plasma homocysteine levels and brain functional connectivity in a group of late middle-aged males at risk of cognitive decline due to high body mass index and a sedentary lifestyle. Methods: Brain functional connectivity was measured using the steady state visual evoked potential event related partial coherence while 38 participants performed a memory task where each trial comprised an object recognition task followed by a location memory task. Results: We observed a significant transient peak in the correlation between plasma homocysteine levels and fronto-parietal brain functional connectivity immediately before the presentation of the memory location component of the task. Significantly, this correlation was only apparent if the participant pool included individuals with homocysteine concentrations above 11μmole/L. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the increased brain functional connectivity observed in the earlier stages of age-related cognitive decline reflects pathognomonic changes in brain function and not compensatory changes engaged to enhance task performance. Our findings also suggest that homocysteine interferes with the inhibition of cortical networks where this inhibition is necessary for optimum task performance. Finally, we observed that the effect of homocysteine on brain functional connectivity is only apparent at concentrations above 11μmol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B. Silberstein
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
- Neuro-Insight Pty Ltd, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew B. Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
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Ge P, Zhao Y, Zhai Y, Zhang Q, Ye X, Wang J, Wang R, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Zhao J. Circulating choline pathway nutrients and risk of moyamoya disease. Front Nutr 2022; 9:953426. [PMID: 35978955 PMCID: PMC9376360 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.953426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating choline pathway nutrients play a critical role in first stroke and recurrent stroke. However, there is limited information available on the effects of choline pathway nutrients on the risk of moyamoya disease (MMD) and its subtypes. We investigated the association between circulating choline and betaine and the incident risk of MMD and its subtypes. Methods The case-control study enrolled 385 patients with MMD [i.e., 110 transient ischemic attack (TIA)-type MMD, 157 infarction-type MMD, and 118 hemorrhagic-type MMD] and 89 matched healthy controls. Results Serum choline and betaine were inversely related to the risk of MMD and its subtypes. The risk of MMD was decreased with each increment in choline level [per 1 μmol increase: odds ratio (OR), 0.756; 95% CI, 0.678–0.843] and betaine level (per 1 μmol increase: OR, 0.952; 95% CI, 0.932–0.972), respectively. When choline and betaine were assessed as quartiles, compared with the lowest quartile of serum choline and betaine levels, those in the highest quartile had a significantly decreased risk of MMD (choline, Q4 vs. Q1: OR, 0.023; 95% CI, 0.005–0.118; betaine, Q4 vs. Q1: OR, 0.058; 95% CI, 0.018–0.184). Conclusions Serum choline and betaine were associated with the decreased risk of MMD and its subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peicong Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing, China
| | - Yaobo Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanren Zhai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jizong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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73
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Lin S, Wang F, Zheng J, Yuan Y, Huang F, Zhu P. Intrinsic Capacity Declines with Elevated Homocysteine in Community-Dwelling Chinese Older Adults. Clin Interv Aging 2022; 17:1057-1068. [PMID: 35832608 PMCID: PMC9272847 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s370930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Intrinsic capacity (IC) reflects the overall health status of older adults and has great public health significance. But few studies described the related biomarkers for IC. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between homocysteine (Hcy) and IC in older adults. Participants and Methods This cross-sectional study included 1927 community-dwelling Chinese older adults aged 60–98 years from May 2020 to December 2020. Data were collected through interviews, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. IC involved five domains of cognition, locomotion, sensory, vitality, and psychology evaluated by the Mini-cog scale, 4-m walk test, self-reported visual and hearing conditions, MNA-SF scale, and GDS-4 scale, respectively. The score of each domain dichotomized as 0 (normal) and 1 (impaired) was added together to an IC total score. Low IC was defined as a score of 3–5, and high IC as 0–2. Hcy was measured by a two-reagent enzymatic assay. A restricted cubic spline regression model was used to explore the non-linear relationship between Hcy and low IC. Results Hcy was higher in the low IC group than in the high IC group. Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a J-shaped nonlinear association between Hcy and low IC. The risk of IC decline was slowly decreased until 8.53 µmol/L of Hcy (OR=0.753, 95% CI=0.520–1.091, P=0.132), and increased with elevations of per 5 µmol/L Hcy afterwards (OR=1.176, 95% CI=1.059–1.327, P=0.005). Among the five domains of IC, Hcy had ORs of 1.116 (1.009–1.247) for cognition impairment, 1.167 (1.055–1.305) for vitality, and 1.160 (1.034–1.303) for psychology per 5 µmol/L increase in Hcy above the change point. Additional sensitivity analysis also demonstrated the nonlinear association between Hcy and low IC. Conclusion Hcy had a J-shaped association with low IC. Higher Hcy (Hcy ≥8.53µmol/L) might provide clinical implications for early identifying the risk of low IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Nursing School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Zheng
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Yuan
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Huang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengli Zhu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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74
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Teng Z, Feng J, Liu R, Ji Y, Xu J, Jiang X, Chen H, Dong Y, Meng N, Xiao Y, Xie X, Lv P. Cerebral small vessel disease mediates the association between homocysteine and cognitive function. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:868777. [PMID: 35912072 PMCID: PMC9335204 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.868777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the relations of serum total homocysteine (tHcy) with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and cognitive function and evaluate whether CSVD mediates the effect of serum tHcy on cognitive function. Methods A total of 1,033 consecutive eligible participants who received serum tHcy, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and neuropsychological assessment were included in this retrospective study. White matter hyperintensity, lacune, cerebral microbleed, and enlarged perivascular space were evaluated based on brain MRI. We used multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis, and mediation analyses to assess the relations of serum tHcy with CSVD and cognitive function. Results Serum tHcy levels were higher in patients with cognitive impairment than those with no cognitive impairment. Logistic regression analyses showed elevated serum tHcy was associated with cognitive impairment [odds ratio (OR): 10.475; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.522 to 24.264; p < 0.001] and a higher CSVD burden score (OR: 17.151; 95% CI: 8.785 to 33.921; p < 0.001) after adjusting potential confounders. Compared with the lowest tHcy quartile, the multivariable-adjusted OR of the highest quartile was 4.851 (95% CI: 3.152 to 7.466; p for the trend < 0.001) for cognitive impairment, 3.862 (95% CI: 2.467 to 6.047; p for the trend < 0.001) for a severe CSVD burden score. Mediation analyses showed significant moderating effects (9.3–23.6%) by different imaging markers of CSVD on the association between higher serum tHcy levels and cognitive impairment. Conclusion Elevated serum tHcy is associated with cognitive impairment and the development of CSVD. A proportion of the association between elevated serum tHcy and cognitive impairment may be attributed to the presence of different imaging markers of CSVD, especially the severe CSVD burden score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Teng
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ronghui Liu
- Department of Radiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yifan Ji
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huifang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanhong Dong
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Nan Meng
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yining Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaohua Xie
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Peiyuan Lv
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Peiyuan Lv,
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75
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D’Souza SW, Glazier JD. Homocysteine Metabolism in Pregnancy and Developmental Impacts. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:802285. [PMID: 35846363 PMCID: PMC9280125 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.802285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine is a metabolite generated by methionine cycle metabolism, comprising the demethylated derivative of methionine. Homocysteine can be metabolised by the transsulphuration pathway to cystathionine, which requires vitamin B6, or can undergo remethylation to methionine. Homocysteine remethylation to methionine is catalysed by methionine synthase activity which requires vitamin B12, regenerating methionine to allow synthesis of the universal methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine required for methylation and gene transcription regulation. The methyl-group donated for homocysteine remethylation comes from 5-methyltetrahydrofolate generated by the folate cycle, which allows tetrahydrofolate to be returned to the active folate pool for nucleotide biosynthesis. Therefore the integrated actions of the methionine and folate cycles, required to metabolise homocysteine, also perpetuate methylation and nucleotide synthesis, vitally important to support embryonic growth, proliferation and development. Dysregulated activities of these two interdependent metabolic cycles, arising from maternal suboptimal intake of nutrient co-factors such as folate and vitamin B12 or gene polymorphisms resulting in reduced enzymatic activity, leads to inefficient homocysteine metabolic conversion causing elevated concentrations, known as hyperhomocysteinemia. This condition is associated with multiple adverse pregnancy outcomes including neural tube defects (NTDs). Raised homocysteine is damaging to cellular function, binding to proteins thereby impairing their function, with perturbed homocysteine metabolism impacting negatively on embryonic development. This review discusses the "cross-talk" of maternal-fetal homocysteine interrelationships, describes the placental transport of homocysteine, homocysteine impacts on pregnancy outcomes, homocysteine and methylation effects linking to NTD risk and proposes a putative pathway for embryonic provision of folate and vitamin B12, homocysteine-modulating nutrients that ameliorate NTD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W. D’Souza
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jocelyn D. Glazier
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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76
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He Q, Ge P, Ye X, Liu X, Wang J, Wang R, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Zhao J. Hyperhomocysteinemia Is a Predictor for Poor Postoperative Angiogenesis in Adult Patients With Moyamoya Disease. Front Neurol 2022; 13:902474. [PMID: 35720075 PMCID: PMC9201052 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.902474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purposes The risk factors of poor postoperative angiogenesis in moyamoya disease (MMD) patients remain unknown. We aimed to investigate the association between hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and postoperative angiogenesis of adult patients with MMD. Methods A total of 138 adult patients with MMD were prospectively recruited from July 1 to December 31, 2019. After excluding 10 patients accepting conservative therapy and 77 individuals without postoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA), all 51 MMD patients were enrolled, and 28 patients received bilateral operations separately. Patients were grouped according to postoperative angiogenesis and HHcy presentation, respectively. Clinical data and laboratory examinations were compared. Potential risk factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Nomogram was further performed. The biological functions of homocysteine (Hcy) were explored in vitro. Results Comparing to the normal, patients with poor postoperative angiogenesis were higher in serum Hcy (p = 0.004), HHcy ratio (p = 0.011), creatinine (Cr) (p < 0.001), uric acid (UA) (p = 0.036), Triglyceride (p = 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p = 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p = 0.009), ApoA (p = 0.022), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) (p = 0.013). Furthermore, HHcy was more common in men (p = 0.003) than women. Logistic analysis results showed that Hcy (OR = 0.817, 95% CI = 0.707–0.944, p = 0.006) was an independent risk factor. HHcy and Cr were significantly associated with poor postoperative angiogenesis in MMD patients. Further, Hcy could inhibit the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs), which can be reversed by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Conclusion The HHcy was significantly correlated with poor postoperative angiogenesis in adult patients with MMD. Hcy significantly inhibits HBMECs proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Furthermore, VEGF could reverse the inhibition effect induced by Hcy. Lowering the level of Hcy may be beneficial for postoperative MMD patients. Focusing on the pathophysiology and mechanism of HHcy might help to guide postoperative clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiheng He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Peicong Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Peicong Ge
| | - Xun Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xingju Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Dong Zhang
| | - Jizong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Jizong Zhao
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77
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Zinellu A, Mangoni AA. Effect of statin treatment on homocysteine concentrations: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2022; 15:443-459. [PMID: 35482022 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2072293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Statins might exert atheroprotective effects through lowering the pro-atherogenic amino acid homocysteine. We conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of statins on circulating homocysteine. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, from inception to July 2021. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for analytical studies. Certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE. RESULTS In 61 treatment arms in 2,218 patients (mean age 55 years, 52% males), statins significantly reduced homocysteine concentrations (weighted mean difference, WMD = -2.46 µmol/L, 95% CI -3.17 to -1.75 µmol/L, p < 0.001; high certainty of evidence). Similar results were observed in a subgroup of 10 randomized placebo-controlled studies (WMD = -2.45 µmol/L, 95% CI -4.43 to -0.47 µmol/L, p = 0.015). The extreme heterogeneity observed was virtually removed in a subgroup of 10 studies using fluorescence polarization immunoassay for homocysteine measurement. There was no publication bias. In sensitivity analysis, the pooled WMD values were not modified when individual studies were sequentially removed. In meta-regression, the WMD was significantly associated with proportion of males and publication year. CONCLUSIONS Statins significantly lower homocysteine concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
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78
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Hooshmand B, Kivipelto M. Antioxidants and dementia: more than meets the eye. Neurology 2022; 98:871-872. [PMID: 35508393 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Babak Hooshmand
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of geriatric medicine, Klinikum Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germany
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Medical Unit Aging, Karolinska University Hospital.,Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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79
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Zhou H, Wu Y, Jiang B, Li B, Li M, Tian H, Shui G, Lam SM, Kwok T. Metabolic Basis of Cognitive Improvement Associated With Active B Vitamin Supplementation in Cognitively Impaired Elderly Subjects – A Metabolomics Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:864152. [PMID: 35572970 PMCID: PMC9091598 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.864152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervention studies with active B vitamin supplementation in cognitively impaired individuals have yielded varying results in randomized controlled trials. In addition, a negative interaction of active B vitamin supplementation with aspirin usage on cognitive outcome was noted, but the molecular basis of the interaction has largely remained unknown. To investigate the metabolic basis of cognitive improvement brought about by active B vitamin supplementation, we conducted an extensive metabolomics analysis covering 302 identified metabolites on the baseline and 24-month serum samples from a cohort of 137 subjects randomly assigned to active supplementation or placebo. Pathway analysis uncovered enhanced gluconeogenesis and War-burg effects underlying cognitive improvement in non-aspirin users supplemented with active B vitamins. In addition, metabolomics revealed that aspirin usage may interact with B vitamin supplementation by altering gut microbial metabolism, particularly in terms of propionate production. Lastly, our omics data suggest that varying capacities to assimilate B vitamins at baseline, possibly mediated by differences in gut microbial composition, may underlie variations in inter-individual responses to active B vitamin supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Zhou
- LipidALL Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Health Management Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Binhua Jiang
- LipidALL Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou, China
| | - Bowen Li
- LipidALL Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou, China
| | - Martin Li
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - He Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Sin Man Lam
- LipidALL Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Sin Man Lam,
| | - Timothy Kwok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Timothy Kwok,
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80
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Abraham K, Trefflich I, Gauch F, Weikert C. Nutritional Intake and Biomarker Status in Strict Raw Food Eaters. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091725. [PMID: 35565694 PMCID: PMC9105765 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a strict raw food diet (primarily based on fresh fruit and raw vegetables, waiving any consumption of heated or processed food) has the risk of undersupply of energy and certain macro- and micronutrients. In this cross-sectional study, we compared 16 non-smoking strict raw food eaters (5 women and 11 men, age 44.6 ± 12.3 years, duration of following the diet 11.6 ± 10.8 years) with the non-smoking participants (32 vegans, 27 omnivores) of the "Risk and Benefits of a Vegan Diet" (RBVD) study. We investigated body composition, dietary intake from 3-day weighed food records, and relevant fasting blood and serum parameters. Food choice and dietary behavior were very heterogenic in raw food eaters. They had lower mean values of BMI and percentage of body fat than the respective RBVD participants. The same holds true for energy supply and intakes of protein, carbohydrate, calcium and iodine. Serum levels revealed lower levels of HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, zinc, and vitamin D3. The raw food eaters with (n = 9) and without (n = 7) supplementation of vitamin B12 had median vitamin B12 levels of 399 and 152 ng/L, respectively. Accordingly, eight raw food eaters (50%) had homocysteine levels above 12 µmol/L. The study allows a close look at strict raw food eaters with respect to possible dietary deficiencies, but also provides insights into motivations and daily life.
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81
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COVID-19 and One-Carbon Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084181. [PMID: 35456998 PMCID: PMC9026976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of one-carbon metabolism affects a wide range of biological processes and is associated with a number of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, dementia, neural tube defects, and cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests that one-carbon metabolism plays an important role in COVID-19. The symptoms of long COVID-19 are similar to those presented by subjects suffering from vitamin B12 deficiency (pernicious anemia). The metabolism of a cell infected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is reshaped to fulfill the need for massive viral RNA synthesis, which requires de novo purine biosynthesis involving folate and one-carbon metabolism. Many aspects of host sulfur amino acid metabolism, particularly glutathione metabolism underlying antioxidant defenses, are also taken over by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent findings related to one-carbon metabolism and sulfur metabolites in COVID-19 and discuss how they inform strategies to combat the disease.
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82
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Liu K, Wang X, Zhang T, Wang W, Li R, Lu L, Deng Y, Xu K, Kwok T. Cortical Short-Range Fiber Connectivity and Its Association With Deep Brain White Matter Hyperintensities in Older Diabetic People With Low Serum Vitamin B12. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:754997. [PMID: 35401148 PMCID: PMC8990772 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.754997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although previous studies have indicated that older people with diabetes mellitus (DM) had an approximately two times larger white matter hyperintensity (WMH) load than those without DM, the influence of WMHs on cognition is uncertain and inconsistent in the literature. It is unclear whether the short-range fibers in the juxtacortical region, traditionally considered to be spared from WMH pathology, are enhanced as an adaptive response to deep WM degeneration in older diabetic people with normal cognition. Moreover, the specific effect of vitamin B12 deficiency, commonly accompanied by DM, remains to be investigated. This study implemented a specialized analysis of the superficial cortical short-range fiber connectivity density (SFiCD) based on a data-driven framework in 70 older individuals with DM and low serum vitamin B12. Moreover, the effects of time and vitamin B12 supplementation were assessed based on a randomized placebo-controlled trial in 59 individuals. The results demonstrated a higher SFiCD in diabetic individuals with a higher deep WMH load. Additionally, a significant interaction between DWMH load and homocysteine on SFiCD was found. During the 27-month follow-up period, a longitudinal increase in the SFiCD was observed in the bilateral frontal cortices. However, the observed longitudinal SFiCD change was not dependent on vitamin B12 supplementation; thus, the specific reason for the longitudinal cortical short fiber densification may need further study. Overall, these findings may help us better understand the neurobiology of brain plasticity in older patients with DM, as well as the interplay among DM, WMH, and vitamin B12 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT Center, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ruohan Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yanjia Deng
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yanjia Deng,
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Kai Xu,
| | - Timothy Kwok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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83
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Leung DYL, Tham CC. Normal-tension glaucoma: Current concepts and approaches-A review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022; 50:247-259. [PMID: 35040248 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Normal tension glaucoma (NTG) has remained a challenging disease. We review, from an epidemiological perspective, why we should redefine normality, act earlier at lower pre-treatment intraocular pressure (IOP) level, and the role of ocular perfusion pressures, noting that perfusion is affected by defective vascular bed autoregulation and endothelial dysfunction. The correlation of silent cerebral infarcts (SCI) and NTG may indicate that NTG belongs to a wider spectrum of small vessel diseases (SVD), with its main pathology being also on vascular endothelium. Epidemiological studies also suggested that vascular geometry, such as fractal dimension, may affect perfusion efficiency, occurrence of SCI, SVD and glaucoma. Artificial intelligence with deep learning, may help predicting NTG progression from vascular geometry. Finally, we review latest evidence on the role of minimally-invasive glaucoma surgery, lasers, and newer drugs. We conclude that IOP is not the only modifiable risk factors as, many vascular risk factors are readily modifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexter Y L Leung
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Clement C Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Lam Kin Chung . Jet King-Shing Ho Glaucoma Treatment and Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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84
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Poli A, Schmitt C, Moulouel B, Mirmiran A, Talbi N, Rivière S, Cerutti D, Bouchoule I, Faivre A, Grobost V, Douillard C, Duchêne F, Fiorentino V, Dupré T, Manceau H, Peoc'h K, Puy H, Lefebvre T, Gouya L. Givosiran in acute intermittent porphyria: A personalized medicine approach. Mol Genet Metab 2022; 135:206-214. [PMID: 35058124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), induction of delta aminolevulinic acid synthase 1 (ALAS1) leads to haem precursor accumulation that may cause recurring acute attacks. In a recent phase III trial, givosiran significantly reduced the attack rate in severe AIP patients. Frequent adverse events were injection-site reaction, fatigue, nausea, chronic kidney disease and increased alanine aminotransferase. OBJECTIVES To describe the efficacy and safety of givosiran based on a personalized medical approach. METHODS We conducted a retrospective patient file study in 25 severe AIP patients treated with givosiran in France. We collected data on clinical and biochemical efficacy along with reports of adverse events. RESULTS Givosiran drastically reduced the attack rate in our cohort, as 96% were attack-free at the time of the study. The sustained efficacy of givosiran in most patients allowed us to personalize dosing frequency. In 42%, givosiran was only given when haem precursor levels were increasing. Our data suggest that givosiran is most effective when given early in the disease course. We confirmed a high prevalence of adverse events. One patient discontinued treatment due to acute pancreatitis. All patients had hyperhomocysteinemia, and all patients with initial homocysteine levels available showed an increase under treatment. In this context, one patient was diagnosed with pulmonary embolism. CONCLUSION The sustained effect of givosiran allowed a decrease in dosing frequency without compromising treatment efficacy. The high prevalence of adverse events emphasizes the importance of restricting the treatment to severe AIP and administering the minimum effective dose for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Poli
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation, F-75018 Paris, France
- AP-HP, Centre Français des Porphyries, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Gr-Ex, Paris
| | - Caroline Schmitt
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation, F-75018 Paris, France
- AP-HP, Centre Français des Porphyries, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Gr-Ex, Paris
| | - Boualem Moulouel
- AP-HP, Centre Français des Porphyries, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
| | - Arienne Mirmiran
- AP-HP, Centre Français des Porphyries, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
| | - Neila Talbi
- AP-HP, Centre Français des Porphyries, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
| | - Sophie Rivière
- CHU Montpellier, Médecine interne, Hôpital St Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Diane Cerutti
- CH Toulon, Médecine polyvalente, La Seyne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Isabelle Bouchoule
- CHI Elbeuf Louviers Val de Reuil, Néphrologie, Saint-Aubin-lès-Elbeuf, France
| | | | | | - Claire Douillard
- CHRU Lille, Endocrinologie-diabétologie-métabolisme-nutrition, hôpital Huriez, Lille, France
| | - Francis Duchêne
- Hôpital Nord Franche-Comté, Médecine interne, Trévenans, France
| | - Valeria Fiorentino
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Thierry Dupré
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Hana Manceau
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation, F-75018 Paris, France
- AP-HP, Biochimie, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Katell Peoc'h
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation, F-75018 Paris, France
- AP-HP, Biochimie, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Hervé Puy
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation, F-75018 Paris, France
- AP-HP, Centre Français des Porphyries, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Gr-Ex, Paris
| | - Thibaud Lefebvre
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation, F-75018 Paris, France
- AP-HP, Centre Français des Porphyries, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
| | - Laurent Gouya
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation, F-75018 Paris, France
- AP-HP, Centre Français des Porphyries, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Gr-Ex, Paris
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85
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A High-Methionine Diet for One-Week Induces a High Accumulation of Methionine in the Cerebrospinal Fluid and Confers Bipolar Disorder-like Behavior in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020928. [PMID: 35055113 PMCID: PMC8778486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine (Met) is considered the most toxic amino acid in mammals. Here, we investigated biochemical and behavioral impacts of ad libitum one-week feeding of high-Met diets on mice. Adult male mice were fed the standard rodent diet that contained 0.44% Met (1×) or a diet containing 16 graded Met doses (1.2×–13×). High-Met diets for one-week induced a dose-dependent decrease in body weight and an increase in serum Met levels with a 2.55 mM peak (versus basal 53 µM) on the 12×Met diet. Total homocysteine (Hcy) levels were also upregulated while concentrations of other amino acids were almost maintained in serum. Similarly, levels of Met and Hcy (but not the other amino acids) were highly elevated in the cerebrospinal fluids of mice on the 10×Met diet; the Met levels were much higher than Hcy and the others. In a series of behavioral tests, mice on the 10×Met diet displayed increased anxiety and decreased traveled distances in an open-field test, increased activity to escape from water soaking and tail hanging, and normal learning/memory activity in a Y-maze test, which were reflections of negative/positive symptoms and normal cognitive function, respectively. These results indicate that high-Met ad libitum feeding even for a week can induce bipolar disorder-like disease models in mice.
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86
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Kim KY, Shin KY, Chang KA. Potential Biomarkers for Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020602. [PMID: 35054785 PMCID: PMC8775398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a primary debilitating disease in adults, occurring in 15 million individuals each year and causing high mortality and disability rates. The latest estimate revealed that stroke is currently the second leading cause of death worldwide. Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), one of the major complications after stroke, is frequently underdiagnosed. However, stroke has been reported to increase the risk of cognitive impairment by at least five to eight times. In recent decades, peripheral blood molecular biomarkers for stroke have emerged as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets. In this study, we aimed to evaluate some blood-derived proteins for stroke, especially related to brain damage and cognitive impairments, by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis and discussing the possibility of these proteins as biomarkers for PSCI. Articles published before 26 July 2021 were searched in PubMed, Embase, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library to identify all relevant studies reporting blood biomarkers in patients with stroke. Among 1820 articles, 40 were finally identified for this study. We meta-analyzed eight peripheral biomarker candidates: homocysteine (Hcy), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), C-reactive protein (CRP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), uric acid, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The Hcy, CRP, TC, and LDL-C levels were significantly higher in patients with PSCI than in the non-PSCI group; however, the HDL-C, TG, uric acid, and HbA1c levels were not different between the two groups. Based on our findings, we suggest the Hcy, CRP, TC, and LDL-C as possible biomarkers in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment. Thus, certain blood proteins could be suggested as effective biomarkers for PSCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Young Kim
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea;
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Ki Young Shin
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.Y.S.); (K.-A.C.)
| | - Keun-A Chang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Neuroscience of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.Y.S.); (K.-A.C.)
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87
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Effect of long-term chronic hyperhomocysteinemia on retinal structure and function in the cystathionine-β-synthase mutant mouse. Exp Eye Res 2022; 214:108894. [PMID: 34906600 PMCID: PMC9251730 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of the excitatory amino acid homocysteine (Hcy) have been implicated in retinal diseases in humans including glaucoma and macular degeneration. It is not clear whether elevated Hcy levels are pathogenic. Models of hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy) have proven useful in addressing this including mice with deficiency in the enzyme cystathionine β-synthase (CBS). Cbs+/- mice have a ∼two-fold increase in plasma and retinal Hcy levels. Previous studies of visual function and structure in Cbs+/- mice during the first 10 months of life revealed mild ganglion cell loss, but minimal electrophysiological alterations. It is not clear whether extended, chronic exposure to moderate Hhcy elevation will lead to visual function loss and retinal pathology. The present study addressed this by performing comprehensive analyses of retinal function/structure in 20 month Cbs+/- and Cbs+/+ (WT) mice including IOP, SD-OCT, scotopic and photopic ERG, pattern ERG (pERG), and visual acuity. Eyes were harvested for histology and immunohistochemical analysis of Brn3a (ganglion cells), dihydroethidium (oxidative stress) and GFAP (gliosis). The analyses revealed no difference in IOP between groups for age/strain. Visual acuity measured ∼0.36c/d for mice at 20 months in Cbs+/- and WT mice; contrast sensitivity did not differ between groups at either age. Similarly SD-OCT, scotopic/photopic ERG and pERG revealed no differences between 20 month Cbs+/- and WT mice. There was minimal disruption in retinal structure when eyes were examined histologically. Morphometric analysis revealed no significant differences in retinal layers. Immunohistochemistry revealed ∼5 RGCs/100 μm retinal length in both Cbs+/- and WT mice at 20 months. While there was greater oxidative stress and gliosis in older (20 month) mice versus young (4 month) mice, there was no difference in these parameters between the 20 month Cbs+/- and WT mice. We conclude that chronic, moderate Hhcy (at least due to deficiency of Cbs) is not accompanied by retinal structural/functional changes that differ significantly from age-matched WT littermates. Despite considerable evidence that severe Hhcy is toxic to retina, moderate Hhcy appears tolerated by retina suggesting compensatory cellular survival mechanisms.
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88
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Liu L, Su X, Zhao L, Li J, Xu W, Yang L, Yang Y, Gao Y, Chen K, Gao Y, Guo JJ, Wang H, Lin J, Han J, Fan L, Fang X. Association of Homocysteine and Risks of Long-Term Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Death among Older Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Prospective Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:879-888. [PMID: 36156680 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess whether raised baseline plasma tHcy concentrations increased the risks of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause death outcomes in older patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). DESIGN A multicenter, prospective, observational study. SETTING Beijing, Shandong Province, Gansu Province of China. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1, 290 OSA patients aged 60 to 96 years from sleep centers of six hospitals in China consecutively recruited between January 2015 and October 2017. MEASUREMENTS Cox proportional models assessed the association between tHcy and the risk of new-onset all events among Chinese older OSA patients. RESULTS The final analysis (60.1% male; median age, 66 years) used data from 1, 100 subjects during a median follow-up of 42 months, a total of 105 (9.5%) patients developed MACE and 42 (3.8%) patients died. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed higher adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of MACE, myocardial infarction (MI), hospitalization for unstable angina, and composite of all events with tHcy levels in the 4th quartile (HR=5.93, 95% CI: 2.79-12.59; HR=4.72, 95% CI:1.36-4.61; HR=4.26, 95% CI:1.62-5.71; HR=4.17, 95% CI:2.23-7.81) and the 3rd quartile (HR=3.79, 95% CI:1.76-8.20; HR=3.65, 95% CI:1.04-2.98; HR=2.75, 95% CI:1.08-3.76; HR=2.51, 95% CI:1.31-4.83) compared to reference tHcy levels in quartile 1, respectively, while the aHRs (95% CIs) of all-cause death showed significantly higher only in the highest tHcy level quartile than in the lowest quartile (HR=3.20, 95% CI=1.16-8.84, P=0.025) with no significant differences in risks of cardiovascular death and hospitalisation for heart failure among groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS tHcy, a marker of prognosis for older OSA patients, was significantly associated with the increased risk of MACE and all-cause death in this population independent of BMI, smoking status, and other potential risk factors, but not all clinical components events of MACE. New therapeutic approaches for older patients with OSA should mitigate tHcy-associated risks of MACE, and even all-cause death.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- Xiangqun Fang, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China. ; Li Fan, Cardiology Department of the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China. ; Jiming Han, Medical College, Yan'an University,Yan'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
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89
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Elias MF, Brown CJ. New Evidence for Homocysteine Lowering for Management of Treatment-Resistant Hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2021; 35:303-305. [PMID: 34935029 PMCID: PMC8976174 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpab194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Merrill F Elias
- Department of Psychology, University of Maine and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA,Correspondence: Merrill F. Elias ()
| | - Craig J Brown
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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90
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Fila M, Chojnacki C, Chojnacki J, Blasiak J. Nutrients to Improve Mitochondrial Function to Reduce Brain Energy Deficit and Oxidative Stress in Migraine. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124433. [PMID: 34959985 PMCID: PMC8707228 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of migraine pathogenesis are not completely clear, but 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance studies revealed brain energy deficit in migraineurs. As glycolysis is the main process of energy production in the brain, mitochondria may play an important role in migraine pathogenesis. Nutrition is an important aspect of migraine pathogenesis, as many migraineurs report food-related products as migraine triggers. Apart from approved anti-migraine drugs, many vitamins and supplements are considered in migraine prevention and therapy, but without strong supportive evidence. In this review, we summarize and update information about nutrients that may be important for mitochondrial functions, energy production, oxidative stress, and that are related to migraine. Additionally, we present a brief overview of caffeine and alcohol, as they are often reported to have ambiguous effects in migraineurs. The nutrients that can be considered to supplement the diet to prevent and/or ameliorate migraine are riboflavin, thiamine, magnesium ions, niacin, carnitine, coenzyme Q10, melatonin, lipoic acid, pyridoxine, folate, and cobalamin. They can supplement a normal, healthy diet, which should be adjusted to individual needs determined mainly by the physiological constitution of an organism. The intake of caffeine and alcohol should be fine-tuned to the history of their use, as withdrawal of these agents in regular users may become a migraine trigger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Fila
- Department of Developmental Neurology and Epileptology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Cezary Chojnacki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (C.C.), (J.C.)
| | - Jan Chojnacki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (C.C.), (J.C.)
| | - Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
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91
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Liu XX, Wu PF, Liu YZ, Jiang YL, Wan MD, Xiao XW, Yang QJ, Jiao B, Liao XX, Wang JL, Liu SH, Zhang X, Shen L. Association Between Serum Vitamins and the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease in Chinese Population. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:829-836. [PMID: 34864672 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and fatal neurodegenerative disease; accumulating evidence suggests that vitamin deficiency is associated with the risk of AD. However, studies attempting to elucidate the relationship between vitamins and AD varied widely. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin levels and AD in a cohort of the Chinese population. METHODS A total of 368 AD patients and 574 healthy controls were recruited in this study; serum vitamin A, B1, B6, B9, B12, C, D, and E were measured in all participants. RESULTS Compared with the controls, vitamin B2, B9, B12, D, and E were significantly reduced in AD patients. Lower levels of vitamin B2, B9, B12, D, and E were associated with the risk of AD. After adjusting for age and gender, low levels of vitamin B2, B9, and B12 were still related to the risk of AD. In addition, a negative correlation was determined between vitamin E concentration and Activity of Daily Living Scale score while no significant association was found between serum vitamins and age at onset, disease duration, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire score. CONCLUSION We conclude that lower vitamin B2, B9, B12, D, and E might be associated with the risk of AD, especially vitamin B2, B9, and B12. And lower vitamin E might be related to severe ability impairment of daily activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Xi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying-Zi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya-Ling Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mei-Dan Wan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xue-Wen Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi-Jie Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin-Xin Liao
- Department of Geriatrics Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun-Ling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shao-Hui Liu
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuewei Zhang
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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92
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Koklesova L, Mazurakova A, Samec M, Biringer K, Samuel SM, Büsselberg D, Kubatka P, Golubnitschaja O. Homocysteine metabolism as the target for predictive medical approach, disease prevention, prognosis, and treatments tailored to the person. EPMA J 2021; 12:477-505. [PMID: 34786033 PMCID: PMC8581606 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism is crucial for regulating methionine availability, protein homeostasis, and DNA-methylation presenting, therefore, key pathways in post-genomic and epigenetic regulation mechanisms. Consequently, impaired Hcy metabolism leading to elevated concentrations of Hcy in the blood plasma (hyperhomocysteinemia) is linked to the overproduction of free radicals, induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairments, systemic inflammation and increased risks of eye disorders, coronary artery diseases, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, thrombotic events, cancer development and progression, osteoporosis, neurodegenerative disorders, pregnancy complications, delayed healing processes, and poor COVID-19 outcomes, among others. This review focuses on the homocysteine metabolism impairments relevant for various pathological conditions. Innovative strategies in the framework of 3P medicine consider Hcy metabolic pathways as the specific target for in vitro diagnostics, predictive medical approaches, cost-effective preventive measures, and optimized treatments tailored to the individualized patient profiles in primary, secondary, and tertiary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alena Mazurakova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Centre Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Biringer
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive, Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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93
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Elias MF. Reclaiming the importance of homocysteine as a marker of cardiovascular and neurologic disease. J Intern Med 2021; 290:1098-1099. [PMID: 34110042 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M F Elias
- From the, Department of Psychology and Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
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94
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Miller JW. Homocysteine - what is it good for? J Intern Med 2021; 290:934-936. [PMID: 33738835 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J W Miller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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95
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Tawfik A, Elsherbiny NM, Zaidi Y, Rajpurohit P. Homocysteine and Age-Related Central Nervous System Diseases: Role of Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126259. [PMID: 34200792 PMCID: PMC8230490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is remarkably common among the aging population. The relation between HHcy and the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and eye diseases, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in elderly people, has been established. Disruption of the blood barrier function of the brain and retina is one of the most important underlying mechanisms associated with HHcy-induced neurodegenerative and retinal disorders. Impairment of the barrier function triggers inflammatory events that worsen disease pathology. Studies have shown that AD patients also suffer from visual impairments. As an extension of the central nervous system, the retina has been suggested as a prominent site of AD pathology. This review highlights inflammation as a possible underlying mechanism of HHcy-induced barrier dysfunction and neurovascular injury in aging diseases accompanied by HHcy, focusing on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Tawfik
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.M.E.); (Y.Z.); (P.R.)
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia (MCG), Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Eye Research Institue, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-706-721-2582; Fax: +1-706-721-9415
| | - Nehal M. Elsherbiny
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.M.E.); (Y.Z.); (P.R.)
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Yusra Zaidi
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.M.E.); (Y.Z.); (P.R.)
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Pragya Rajpurohit
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.M.E.); (Y.Z.); (P.R.)
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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96
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Tsikas D. Homocysteine and copper ions: is their interaction responsible for cardiovascular-related damage? Amino Acids 2021; 53:1297-1298. [PMID: 34050800 PMCID: PMC8325661 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsikas
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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