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Zeng T, Holmer R, Hontelez J, Te Lintel-Hekkert B, Marufu L, de Zeeuw T, Wu F, Schijlen E, Bisseling T, Limpens E. Host- and stage-dependent secretome of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:411-425. [PMID: 29570877 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi form the most wide-spread endosymbiosis with plants. There is very little host specificity in this interaction, however host preferences as well as varying symbiotic efficiencies have been observed. We hypothesize that secreted proteins (SPs) may act as fungal effectors to control symbiotic efficiency in a host-dependent manner. Therefore, we studied whether arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi adjust their secretome in a host- and stage-dependent manner to contribute to their extremely wide host range. We investigated the expression of SP-encoding genes of Rhizophagus irregularis in three evolutionary distantly related plant species, Medicago truncatula, Nicotiana benthamiana and Allium schoenoprasum. In addition we used laser microdissection in combination with RNA-seq to study SP expression at different stages of the interaction in Medicago. Our data indicate that most expressed SPs show roughly equal expression levels in the interaction with all three host plants. In addition, a subset shows significant differential expression depending on the host plant. Furthermore, SP expression is controlled locally in the hyphal network in response to host-dependent cues. Overall, this study presents a comprehensive analysis of the R. irregularis secretome, which now offers a solid basis to direct functional studies on the role of fungal SPs in AM symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zeng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Rens Holmer
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
- Bioinformatics group, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Hontelez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Te Lintel-Hekkert
- Bioscience, Plant Research International, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Lucky Marufu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs de Zeeuw
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Fangyuan Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Elio Schijlen
- Bioscience, Plant Research International, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Ton Bisseling
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Limpens
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
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Bitterlich M, Sandmann M, Graefe J. Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Alleviates Restrictions to Substrate Water Flow and Delays Transpiration Limitation to Stronger Drought in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:154. [PMID: 29503655 PMCID: PMC5820414 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) proliferate in soil pores, on the surface of soil particles and affect soil structure. Although modifications in substrate moisture retention depend on structure and could influence plant water extraction, mycorrhizal impacts on water retention and hydraulic conductivity were rarely quantified. Hence, we asked whether inoculation with AMF affects substrate water retention, water transport properties and at which drought intensity those factors become limiting for plant transpiration. Solanum lycopersicum plants were set up in the glasshouse, inoculated or not with Funneliformis mosseae, and grown for 35 days under ample water supply. After mycorrhizal establishment, we harvested three sets of plants, one before (36 days after inoculation) and the second (day 42) and third (day 47) within a sequential drying episode. Sampling cores were introduced into pots before planting. After harvest, moisture retention and substrate conductivity properties were assessed and water retention and hydraulic conductivity models were fitted. A root water uptake model was adopted in order to identify the critical substrate moisture that induces soil derived transpiration limitation. Neither substrate porosity nor saturated water contents were affected by inoculation, but both declined after substrates dried. Drying also caused a decline in pot water capacity and hydraulic conductivity. Plant available water contents under wet (pF 1.8-4.2) and dry (pF 2.5-4.2) conditions increased in mycorrhizal substrates and were conserved after drying. Substrate hydraulic conductivity was higher in mycorrhizal pots before and during drought exposure. After withholding water from pots, higher substrate drying rates and lower substrate water potentials were found in mycorrhizal substrates. Mycorrhiza neither affected leaf area nor root weight or length. Consistently with higher substrate drying rates, AMF restored the plant hydraulic status, and increased plant transpiration when soil moisture declined. The water potential at the root surface and the resistance to water flow in the rhizosphere were restored in mycorrhizal pots although the bulk substrate dried more. Finally, substrates colonized by AMF can be more desiccated before substrate water flux quantitatively limits transpiration. This is most pronounced under high transpiration demands and complies with a difference of over 1,000 hPa in substrate water potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bitterlich
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
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Abrahão A, Ryan MH, Laliberté E, Oliveira RS, Lambers H. Phosphorus- and nitrogen-acquisition strategies in two Bossiaea species (Fabaceae) along retrogressive soil chronosequences in south-western Australia. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 163:323-343. [PMID: 29418005 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
During long-term ecosystem development and its associated decline in soil phosphorus (P) availability, the abundance of mycorrhizal plant species declines at the expense of non-mycorrhizal species with root specialisations for P-acquisition, such as massive exudation of carboxylates. Leaf manganese (Mn) concentration has been suggested as a proxy for such a strategy, Mn concentration being higher in non-mycorrhizal plants that release carboxylates than in mycorrhizal plants. Shifts in nitrogen (N)-acquisition strategies also occur; nodulation in legumes is expected at low N availability, when sufficient P is available. We investigated whether two congeneric legume species (Bossiaea linophylla and Bossiaea eriocarpa) occurring along two long-term chronosequences on the south-western Australian coast and grown in a glasshouse at varying N and P supply exhibited plasticity in nutrient-acquisition strategies. We hypothesised that the shifts in nutrient limitation and nutrient-acquisition strategies at the community level would also be found at the species level. Leaf N: P ratios and the responses to nutrient availability suggested that growth of both species exhibited P-limitation in all treatments, due to the very high leaf [N] of legumes afforded by symbiotic N-fixation. Mycorrhizal colonisation was not greater at higher P supply, and root exudation of carboxylates was not stimulated at low P supply; both were unrelated to leaf [Mn]. However, nodule production declined with increasing N supply. We conclude that intraspecific variation in nutrient-acquisition and use is low in these species, and that the variation at the community level, observed in previous studies, is likely driven by high-species turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Abrahão
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Megan H Ryan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Etienne Laliberté
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre sur la biodiversité, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H1X 2B1, Canada
| | - Rafael S Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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Santander C, Aroca R, Ruiz-Lozano JM, Olave J, Cartes P, Borie F, Cornejo P. Arbuscular mycorrhiza effects on plant performance under osmotic stress. MYCORRHIZA 2017; 27:639-657. [PMID: 28647757 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-017-0784-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
At present, drought and soil salinity are among the most severe environmental stresses that affect the growth of plants through marked reduction of water uptake which lowers water potential, leading to osmotic stress. In general, osmotic stress causes a series of morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes that affect plant performance. Several studies have found that diverse types of soil microorganisms improve plant growth, especially when plants are under stressful conditions. Most important are the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) which form arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) with approximately 80% of plant species and are present in almost all terrestrial ecosystems. Beyond the well-known role of AM in improving plant nutrient uptake, the contributions of AM to plants coping with osmotic stress merit analysis. With this review, we describe the principal direct and indirect mechanisms by which AM modify plant responses to osmotic stress, highlighting the role of AM in photosynthetic activity, water use efficiency, osmoprotectant production, antioxidant activities, and gene expression. We also discuss the potential for using AMF to improve plant performance under osmotic stress conditions and the lines of research needed to optimize AM use in plant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Santander
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Recursos Hídricos (CIDERH), Universidad Arturo Prat, Vivar 493, 3er piso, Iquique, Chile
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Ruiz-Lozano
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Olave
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Recursos Hídricos (CIDERH), Universidad Arturo Prat, Vivar 493, 3er piso, Iquique, Chile
| | - Paula Cartes
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Fernando Borie
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pablo Cornejo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
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Battini F, Grønlund M, Agnolucci M, Giovannetti M, Jakobsen I. Facilitation of phosphorus uptake in maize plants by mycorrhizosphere bacteria. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4686. [PMID: 28680077 PMCID: PMC5498536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04959-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge for agriculture is to provide sufficient plant nutrients such as phosphorus (P) to meet the global food demand. The sufficiency of P is a concern because of it's essential role in plant growth, the finite availability of P-rock for fertilizer production and the poor plant availability of soil P. This study investigated whether biofertilizers and bioenhancers, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and their associated bacteria could enhance growth and P uptake in maize. Plants were grown with or without mycorrhizas in compartmented pots with radioactive P tracers and were inoculated with each of 10 selected bacteria isolated from AMF spores. Root colonization by AMF produced large plant growth responses, while seven bacterial strains further facilitated root growth and P uptake by promoting the development of AMF extraradical mycelium. Among the tested strains, Streptomyces sp. W94 produced the largest increases in uptake and translocation of 33P, while Streptomyces sp. W77 highly enhanced hyphal length specific uptake of 33P. The positive relationship between AMF-mediated P absorption and shoot P content was significantly influenced by the bacteria inoculants and such results emphasize the potential importance of managing both AMF and their microbiota for improving P acquisition by crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Battini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56124, Italy.
| | - Mette Grønlund
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, DK-2800, Kgs., Denmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Monica Agnolucci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Manuela Giovannetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Iver Jakobsen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, DK-2800, Kgs., Denmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Mycorrhizal fungi belong to several taxa and develop mutualistic symbiotic associations with over 90% of all plant species, from liverworts to angiosperms. While descriptive approaches have dominated the initial studies of these fascinating symbioses, the advent of molecular biology, live cell imaging, and “omics” techniques have provided new and powerful tools to decipher the cellular and molecular mechanisms that rule mutualistic plant-fungus interactions. In this article we focus on the most common mycorrhizal association, arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), which is formed by a group of soil fungi belonging to Glomeromycota. AM fungi are believed to have assisted the conquest of dry lands by early plants around 450 million years ago and are found today in most land ecosystems. AM fungi have several peculiar biological traits, including obligate biotrophy, intracellular development inside the plant tissues, coenocytic multinucleate hyphae, and spores, as well as unique genetics, such as the putative absence of a sexual cycle, and multiple ecological functions. All of these features make the study of AM fungi as intriguing as it is challenging, and their symbiotic association with most crop plants is currently raising a broad interest in agronomic contexts for the potential use of AM fungi in sustainable production under conditions of low chemical input.
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Garcia K, Doidy J, Zimmermann SD, Wipf D, Courty PE. Take a Trip Through the Plant and Fungal Transportome of Mycorrhiza. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:937-950. [PMID: 27514454 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Soil nutrient acquisition and exchanges through symbiotic plant-fungus interactions in the rhizosphere are key features for the current agricultural and environmental challenges. Improved crop yield and plant mineral nutrition through a fungal symbiont has been widely described. In return, the host plant supplies carbon substrates to its fungal partner. We review here recent progress on molecular players of membrane transport involved in nutritional exchanges between mycorrhizal plants and fungi. We cover the transportome, from the transport proteins involved in sugar fluxes from plants towards fungi, to the uptake from the soil and exchange of nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, sulfate, and water. Together, these advances in the comprehension of the mycorrhizal transportome will help in developing the future engineering of new agro-ecological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Garcia
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Joan Doidy
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Sabine D Zimmermann
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Daniel Wipf
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Courty
- University of Fribourg, Department of Biology, 3 rue Albert Gockel, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Bitterlich M, Franken P. Connecting polyphosphate translocation and hyphal water transport points to a key of mycorrhizal functioning. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 211:1147-1149. [PMID: 27485901 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bitterlich
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Kühnhäuser Straße 101, 99090, Erfurt-Kühnhausen, Germany
- Humboldt University of Berlin, Plant Physiology Department, Philippstr. 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Franken
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Kühnhäuser Straße 101, 99090, Erfurt-Kühnhausen, Germany
- Humboldt University of Berlin, Plant Physiology Department, Philippstr. 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
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Chitarra W, Maserti B, Gambino G, Guerrieri E, Balestrini R. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis-mediated tomato tolerance to drought. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1197468. [PMID: 27359066 PMCID: PMC4991350 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1197468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A multidisciplinary approach, involving eco-physiological, morphometric, biochemical and molecular analyses, has been used to study the impact of two different AM fungi, i.e. Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus intraradices, on tomato response to water stress. Overall, results show that AM symbiosis positively affects the tolerance to drought in tomato with a different plant response depending on the involved AM fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Chitarra
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP)-CNR, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Gambino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP)-CNR, Torino, Italy
| | - Emilio Guerrieri
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP)-CNR, Torino, Italy
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP)-CNR, Torino, Italy
- CONTACT Raffaella Balestrini IPSP-CNR, Torino Unit, Viale Mattioli Torino Italy
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