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Prolonged cetuximab treatment promotes p27 Kip1-mediated G1 arrest and autophagy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5259. [PMID: 33664437 PMCID: PMC7933308 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84877-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cetuximab, an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody, is an efficient anti-tumor therapeutic agent that inhibits the activation of EGFR; however, data related to the cellular effects of prolonged cetuximab treatment are limited. In this study, the long-term cellular outcome of prolonged cetuximab treatment and the related molecular mechanism were explored in a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line constitutively expressing a fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator. Fluorescent time-lapse imaging was used to assess clonal growth, cell motility, and cell-cycle progression. Western blot analysis was performed to measure the level of phosphorylation and protein-expression following cetuximab treatment. Over 5 days cetuximab treatment decreased cell motility and enhanced G1 phase cell arrest in the central region of the colonies. Significantly decreased phosphorylation of retinoblastoma, Skp2, and Akt-mTOR proteins, accumulation of p27Kip1, and induction of type II LC3B were observed over 8 days cetuximab treatment. Results of the present study elucidate the cetuximab-dependent inhibition of cell migration, resulting in high cell density-related stress and persistent cell-cycle arrest at G1 phase culminating in autophagy. These findings provide novel molecular insights related to the anti-tumor effects of prolonged cetuximab treatment with the potential to improve future therapeutic strategy.
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Inhibition of PI3K Isoform p110γ Increases Both Anti-Tumor and Immunosuppressive Responses to Aggressive Murine Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Low Immunogenicity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13050953. [PMID: 33668795 PMCID: PMC7956466 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Poorly immunogenic head and neck squamous carcinomas (HNSCC) remain difficult to treat due to poor response rates to immunotherapy. Inhibition of the PI3K catalytic subunit p110γ, which is expressed in leukocytes and some HNSCCs, has shown promise in treating HNSCC; with clinical trials underway to gauge its effectiveness. However, the effect of PI3K p110γ inhibition on the host immune system in poorly immunogenic HNSCC has not been fully described. In this study, our group characterized the immune response to poorly immunogenic HNSCC in the absence of PI3K p110γ using an orthotopic mouse model with the MOC2 cell line. We found that mice lacking p110γ did not demonstrate significantly different tumor growth or metastasis, though we observed substantial elevation in both anti-tumor and immunosuppressive activity at the primary tumor site. Our results indicate that PI3K p110γ inhibition may potentially enhance anti-tumor immunity against poorly immunogenic HNSCC if administered with checkpoint inhibitors. Abstract HNSCC is the sixth most common cancer, with around 650,000 new cases yearly. Gain of function mutations in the PI3K pathway are common in HNSCC, and inhibition of the PI3K p110γ subunit has shown promise in HNSCC treatment. However, given that PI3K p110γ plays an important role in myeloid and lymphoid immune cell function, it is essential to understand how PI3K p110γ inhibition affects the anti-tumor immune response independent of tumor cells. To elucidate PI3K p110γ function in HNSCC, we employed an orthotopic mouse model using poorly immunogenic and aggressive cell line MOC2 on Pik3cg−/− mice. We observed that wild-type and Pik3cg−/− mice displayed similar rates of HNSCC tumor growth and metastasis after 20 days following tumor injection. T-cell infiltration and intrinsic T-cell responses to MOC2 oral tumors were comparable between wild-type and Pik3cg−/− mice. Interestingly, the immune response of tumor-bearing Pik3cg−/− mice was marked by increased anti-tumor cytotoxic molecules (IFN-γ, IL-17)) by T-cells and immune checkpoint marker (PD-L1, PD-1) expression by myeloid cells and T-cells compared to tumor-bearing wild-type mice. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that inhibition of PI3K p110γ modulates tumor-associated immune cells, which likely potentiates HNSCC treatment when used in combination with selective checkpoint inhibitors.
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Akbari Dilmaghani N, Safaroghli-Azar A, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Bashash D. The PI3K/Akt/mTORC signaling axis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Possibilities for therapeutic interventions either as single agents or in combination with conventional therapies. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:618-642. [PMID: 33476088 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The latest advances in the sequencing methods in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissues have revolutionized our understanding of the disease by taking off the veil from the most frequent genetic alterations in the components of the oncogenic pathways. Among all the identified alterations, aberrancies in the genes attributed to the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) axis have attracted special attention as they were altered in more than 90% of the tissues isolated from HNSCC patients. In fact, the association between these aberrancies and the increased risk of cancer metastasis suggested this axis as an "Achilles Heel" of HNSCC, which may be therapeutically targeted. The results of the clinical trials investigating the therapeutic potential of the inhibitors targeting the components of the PI3K axis in the treatment of HNSCC patients, either alone or in a combined-modal strategy, opened a new chapter in the treatment strategy of this malignancy. The present study aimed to review the importance of the PI3K axis in the pathogenesis of HNSCC and also provide a piece of information about the breakthroughs and challenges of PI3K inhibitors in the therapeutic strategies of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Akbari Dilmaghani
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Loghman Hakim Educational Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ava Safaroghli-Azar
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jhou AJ, Chang HC, Hung CC, Lin HC, Lee YC, Liu WT, Han KF, Lai YW, Lin MY, Lee CH. Chlorpromazine, an antipsychotic agent, induces G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis via regulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy pathways in human oral cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 184:114403. [PMID: 33388284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpromazine (CPZ), an FDA-approved phenothiazine derivative used to treat schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders, has been demonstrated to have potential anti-tumor effects. However, the potential effects of CPZ on human oral cancer cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, treatment of human oral cancer cells with CPZ inhibited their proliferation and induced G2/M phase arrest. Treatment with CPZ induced apoptosis through the extrinsic death receptor and the intrinsic mitochondrial pathways. In addition, the induction of autophagy was observed by the formation of autophagosomes, the expression of autophagy-related proteins and activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway. The CPZ-induced cell death was reversed by the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK, by the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA and by the knockdown of LC3B using a shRNA (shLC3B), suggesting that autophagy promoted CPZ-induced apoptosis. Finally, CPZ significantly suppressed tumor growth in both a zebrafish oral cancer xenotransplantation model and in a murine model of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO)-induced oral cancer. Overall, this evidence demonstrated that CPZ is a novel promising strategy for the treatment of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Jie Jhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chiun Chang
- Department of Orthopaedics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chang Hung
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Ta Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Fen Han
- Department of Nursing, Min-Hwei Junior College of Health Care Management, Tainan 73658, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Lai
- Division of Urology, Taipei City Hospital Renai Branch, Department of Urology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ying Lin
- Community Health Promotion Center, Kaohsiung Municipal Ci-Jin Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine; School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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Fathima JS, Selvaraj J, Sivabalan V, Rekha UV, Ponnulakshmi R, Vishnupriya V, Kullappan M, Sreekandan RN, Mohan SK, Vijayalakshmi P. Molecular docking of potential inhibitors with the mTOR protein. Bioinformation 2021; 17:212-217. [PMID: 34393439 PMCID: PMC8340694 DOI: 10.6026/97320630017212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mTOR (mammalian or mechanistic Target of Rapamycin) is linked with oral cancer. Therefore, it is of interest to study the molecular docking-based binding of paclitaxel (a FDA approved drug for oral cancer) and its analogues with mTOR. Hence, we report the
binding features of 10-Deacetyltaxol, 7-Epi-10-deacetyltaxol, 7-Epi-Taxol and 6alpha-Hydroxypaclitaxel with mTOR for further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jh Shazia Fathima
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Ragas Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, India
| | - Jayaraman Selvaraj
- Department of Biochemistry,Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai - 600 077, India
| | - Venkatacalam Sivabalan
- Department of Biochemistry, KSR Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Thiruchengodu-637215, Indi
| | - Umapathy Vidhya Rekha
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Pallikaranai, Chennai-600 100, India
| | - Rajagopal Ponnulakshmi
- Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai-600 078, India
| | - Veeraraghavan Vishnupriya
- Department of Biochemistry,Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai - 600 077, India
| | - Malathi Kullappan
- Department of Research, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Varadharajapuram, Poonamallee, Chennai - 600 123, India
| | - Radhika Nalinakumari Sreekandan
- Department of Clinical Skills & Simulation, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Varadharajapuram, Poonamallee, Chennai - 600 123, India
| | - Surapaneni Krishna Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Clinical Skills & Simulation, Department of Research, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Varadharajapuram, Poonamallee, Chennai - 600 123
| | - Periyasamy Vijayalakshmi
- DBT-BIF Centre, PG & Research Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Trichy, Tamilnadu, India
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56
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Autophagy-A Hidden but Important Actor on Oral Cancer Scene. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239325. [PMID: 33297472 PMCID: PMC7729760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The duration of denture use, oral hygiene, smoking and male sex were identified as risk factors for oral mucosal lesions. As it is well known, all the oral mucosal lesions associated with risk factors have an important degree of malignity. Chronic mechanical irritation can be another cause of oral cancer and it is produced by the constant action of a deleterious agent from the oral cavity. Autophagy represents a complex evolutionary conserved catabolic process in which cells self-digest intracellular organelles in order to regulate their normal turnover and remove the damaged ones with compromised function to further maintain homeostasis. Autophagy is modulated by mTOR kinase and indirectly by PI3K/AKT survival pathway. Due to its dual capacity to either induce cell death or promote cell survival, important evidence pointed that autophagy has a two-faced role in response to chemotherapy in cancer. In conclusion, understanding how to overcome cytoprotective autophagy and how to take advantage of autophagic cell death is critical in order to enhance the cancer cells sensitivity to particular therapeutic agents.
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57
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Starzyńska A, Adamska P, Sejda A, Sakowicz-Burkiewicz M, Adamski ŁJ, Marvaso G, Wychowański P, Jereczek-Fossa BA. Any Role of PIK3CA and PTEN Biomarkers in the Prognosis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma? Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E325. [PMID: 33287350 PMCID: PMC7761816 DOI: 10.3390/life10120325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for 95% of the lesions in the oral cavity. Despite development in OSCC management, the outcome is still unsatisfactory. Identification of new therapies in OSCC is urgently needed. One objective of such treatment may be a signaling pathway of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. The study group included 92 patients treated for OSCC at the University Clinical Centre in Gdańsk, Poland. Study was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples from primary OSCC. Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PIK3CA) and phosphatase and tensin homolog encoded on chromosome 10 (PTEN) protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). PIK3CA gene copy number was analyzed using chromogenic and silver in situ hybridization where molecular probes are marked by chromogens and silver ions. PIK3CA IHC H-score ≥ 70 was found in 51.65% patients, and loss of PTEN protein was noticed in 31.46% cases. PIK3CA amplification was detected in 5 tumors. In the case of PTEN protein expression, there was an inverse correlation with the T stage of the primary tumor (r = -0.243) and positive correlation with a 5-year survival (r = 0.235). The number of copies of the PIK3CA gene was associated with the tumor grading (r = 0.208). The present study shows that loss of PTEN protein and the grading (p = 0.040), distant metastases (p = 0.033), smoking (p = 0.016), and alcohol abuse (p = 0.042) were prognostic factors for the survival of patients with OSCC. In contrast, the presence of amplification and OSCC on the floor of the mouth resulted in a nearly six-fold increase in the risk of shortening survival (p = 0.037). Our finding suggests a potential prognostic significance of PTEN loss and PIK3CA amplification in OSCC. Future studies are needed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Starzyńska
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, 7 Dębinki Street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.A.); (Ł.J.A.)
| | - Paulina Adamska
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, 7 Dębinki Street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.A.); (Ł.J.A.)
| | - Aleksandra Sejda
- Department of Pathomorphology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 18 Żołnierska Street, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Monika Sakowicz-Burkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 17 Smoluchowskiego Street, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Jan Adamski
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, 7 Dębinki Street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.A.); (Ł.J.A.)
| | - Giulia Marvaso
- Division of Radiotherapy, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 435 Ripamonti Street, 20-141 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (B.A.J.-F.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 7 Festa del Perdono Street, 20-112 Milan, Italy
| | - Piotr Wychowański
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 6 Binieckiego Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa
- Division of Radiotherapy, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 435 Ripamonti Street, 20-141 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (B.A.J.-F.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 7 Festa del Perdono Street, 20-112 Milan, Italy
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58
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Zhang Q, Chen Y, Hu SQ, Pu YM, Zhang K, Wang YX. A HPV16-related prognostic indicator for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1492. [PMID: 33313237 PMCID: PMC7729314 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background The human papillomavirus (HPV) is emerging as an important risk factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. This has been observed particularly in the case of HPV16. The HPV16+ HNSCC subtype has distinct pathological, clinical, molecular, and prognostic characteristics. This study aimed to identify potential microRNAs (miRNAs) and their roles in HPV16+ HNSCC progression. Method miRNA, mRNA and the clinical data of 519 HNSCC and 44 HNSCC-negative samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) in HPV16-related HNSCC tissues with prognostic value were selected. DEM levels were assessed based on clinicopathological parameters and overall survival (OS). Target genes were also predicted and functional analysis based on Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were then performed. Results In HPV16+ HNSCC tissues, miR-99a-3p and miR-4746-5p were significantly upregulated. In contrast, miR-411-5p was shown to be downregulated. miR-99a-3phighmiR-411-5plowmiR-4746-5phigh expression could estimate improved OS and low frequent perineural invasion (PNI). Predicted target genes were enriched in cell growth, neuroepithelial cell differentiation, MAPK and FoxO signaling pathways. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene set and invasion related genes were downregulated in miR-99a-3phighmiR-411-5plowmiR-4746-5phigh HNSCC patients. Conclusion miR-99a-3p, miR-411-5p and miR-4746-5p might participate in HPV16+ HNSCC progression through EMT related pathways and affect prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongfeng Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Shi-Qi Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Mei Pu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yu-Xin Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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59
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Mele L, Del Vecchio V, Marampon F, Regad T, Wagner S, Mosca L, Bimonte S, Giudice A, Liccardo D, Prisco C, Schwerdtfeger M, La Noce M, Tirino V, Caraglia M, Papaccio G, Desiderio V, Barbieri A. β 2-AR blockade potentiates MEK1/2 inhibitor effect on HNSCC by regulating the Nrf2-mediated defense mechanism. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:850. [PMID: 33051434 PMCID: PMC7555890 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), involved in the development of many cancers, among which HNSCC. In this contest, β2-AR signaling interacts with different pathways, such as PI3K and MAPK, commonly activated by TK receptors. For this reason, TK blockade is one of the most adopted therapeutic strategies in HNSCC patients. In our study we investigated the effects of the β2-AR blocking in HNSCC cell lines, using the selective inhibitor ICI118,551 (ICI), in combination with the MAPK inhibitor U0126. We found that ICI leads to the blocking of p38 and NF-kB oncogenic pathways, strongly affecting also the ERK and PI3K pathways. Cotreatment with U0126 displays a synergic effect on cell viability and pathway alteration. Interestingly, we found that the β2-AR blockade affects Nrf2-Keap1 stability and its nuclear translocation leading to a drastic ROS increase and oxidative stress. Our results are confirmed by a TCGA dataset analysis, showing that NFE2L2 gene is commonly overexpressed in HNSC, and correlated with a lower survival rate. In our system, the PI3K pathway inhibition culminated in the blocking of pro-survival autophagy, a mechanism normally adopted by cancer cells to became less responsive to the therapies. The mTOR expression, commonly upregulated in HNSC, was reduced in patients with disease-recurrence. It is well known that mTOR has a strong autophagy inhibition effect, therefore its downregulation promoted pro-survival autophagy, with a related increase recurrence rate. Our findings highlight for the first time the key role of β2-AR and related pathway in HNSCC cell proliferation and drug resistance, proposing it as a valuable therapeutic molecular target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Mele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" via L. Armanni 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Vitale Del Vecchio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" via L. Armanni 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Radiotherapy, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Tarik Regad
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Sarah Wagner
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Laura Mosca
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via De Crecchio, 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Bimonte
- Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-"Fondazione G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Aldo Giudice
- Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Liccardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" via L. Armanni 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Prisco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" via L. Armanni 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Melanie Schwerdtfeger
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" via L. Armanni 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcella La Noce
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" via L. Armanni 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Virginia Tirino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" via L. Armanni 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via De Crecchio, 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Papaccio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" via L. Armanni 5, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Desiderio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" via L. Armanni 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbieri
- Animal Facility, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione "G. Pascale", "Fondazione G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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60
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Zhang X, Wang F, Zeng Y, Zhu X, Peng L, Zhang L, Gu J, Han H, Yi X, Shi J. Salicylate sensitizes oral squamous cell carcinoma to chemotherapy through targeting mTOR pathway. Oral Dis 2020; 26:1131-1140. [PMID: 32267053 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an extremely aggressive neoplasm, which is usually diagnosed in the advanced stage of the disease. Extensive studies have shown a link between chronic inflammation and various types of cancer, including OSCC. Salicylate is a biotransformation product of aspirin, with similar anti-inflammatory ability to aspirin but lacks aspirin's inhibitory effect on the isolated cyclooxygenase activity. Our study indicates that salicylate sensitizes OSCC to anti-cancer drugs, but the mechanisms of its action are unclear. Here, OSCC cells were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of salicylate alone or in combination with cisplatin (CDDP). RPPA proteomic array and Western blotting were employed to determine the signaling pathways affected by salicylate. Salicylate decreased cell survival rate and induced cell apoptosis in OSCC cells but not human normal oral mucosal epithelial cells (hTERT-OME). The use of sodium salicylate (SS) dramatically sensitized OSCC cells to CDDP. RPPA array showed that SS reduced many oncogenes such as PI3K/mTOR signaling and cancer stem cell (CSC)-related genes versus control. Western and transcriptional analyses substantiated that salicylate down-regulated these CSC-associated genes and the mTOR pathway dose dependently. Salicylate preferentially repressed the ability of sorted ALDH1+ cells to form tumor spheres. Finally, salicylate suppressed tumor growth in vivo, and the combination of salicylate and CDDP further synergistically reduced the growth of tumors. Salicylate hinders OSCC cell growth and sensitizes OSCC cells to CDDP through targeting CSCs and the mTOR signaling pathway. We propose that salicylate is beneficial for OSCC patients, and salicylate may be combined with chemotherapies to effectively treat OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Wuchang Hospital, Wuhan City, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuyou Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxiu Han
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianghua Yi
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanhong Shi
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Harsha C, Banik K, Ang HL, Girisa S, Vikkurthi R, Parama D, Rana V, Shabnam B, Khatoon E, Kumar AP, Kunnumakkara AB. Targeting AKT/mTOR in Oral Cancer: Mechanisms and Advances in Clinical Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093285. [PMID: 32384682 PMCID: PMC7246494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer (OC) is a devastating disease that takes the lives of lots of people globally every year. The current spectrum of treatment modalities does not meet the needs of the patients. The disease heterogeneity demands personalized medicine or targeted therapies. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify potential targets for the treatment of OC. Abundant evidence has suggested that the components of the protein kinase B (AKT)/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway are intrinsic factors for carcinogenesis. The AKT protein is central to the proliferation and survival of normal and cancer cells, and its downstream protein, mTOR, also plays an indispensable role in the cellular processes. The wide involvement of the AKT/mTOR pathway has been noted in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This axis significantly regulates the various hallmarks of cancer, like proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, autophagy, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Activated AKT/mTOR signaling is also associated with circadian signaling, chemoresistance and radio-resistance in OC cells. Several miRNAs, circRNAs and lncRNAs also modulate this pathway. The association of this axis with the process of tumorigenesis has culminated in the identification of its specific inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of OC. In this review, we discussed the significance of AKT/mTOR signaling in OC and its potential as a therapeutic target for the management of OC. This article also provided an update on several AKT/mTOR inhibitors that emerged as promising candidates for therapeutic interventions against OC/head and neck cancer (HNC) in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (C.H.); (K.B.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (D.P.); (V.R.); (B.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (C.H.); (K.B.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (D.P.); (V.R.); (B.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Hui Li Ang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (C.H.); (K.B.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (D.P.); (V.R.); (B.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Rajesh Vikkurthi
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (C.H.); (K.B.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (D.P.); (V.R.); (B.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (C.H.); (K.B.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (D.P.); (V.R.); (B.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Varsha Rana
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (C.H.); (K.B.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (D.P.); (V.R.); (B.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Bano Shabnam
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (C.H.); (K.B.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (D.P.); (V.R.); (B.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Elina Khatoon
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (C.H.); (K.B.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (D.P.); (V.R.); (B.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Correspondence: (A.P.K.); (A.B.K.); Tel.: +65-6516-5456 (A.P.K.); +91-361-258-2231 (A.B.K.); Fax: +65-6873-9664 (A.P.K.); +91-361-258-2249 (A.B.K.)
| | - Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (C.H.); (K.B.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (D.P.); (V.R.); (B.S.); (E.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.K.); (A.B.K.); Tel.: +65-6516-5456 (A.P.K.); +91-361-258-2231 (A.B.K.); Fax: +65-6873-9664 (A.P.K.); +91-361-258-2249 (A.B.K.)
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Zhao X, Cui L. A robust six-miRNA prognostic signature for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8799-8811. [PMID: 32342519 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a major health problem worldwide. We aimed to identify a robust microRNA (miRNA)-based signature for predicting HNSCC prognosis. The miRNA expression profiles of HNSCC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The TCGA HNSCC cohort was randomly divided into the discovery and validation cohort. A miRNA-based prognostic signature was built up based on TGCA discovery cohort, and then further validated. The downstream targets of prognostic miRNAs were subjected to functional enrichment analyses. The role of miR-1229-3p, a prognosis-related miRNA, in tumorigenesis of HNSCC was further evaluated. A total of 305 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs were found between HNSCC samples and normal tissues. A six-miRNA prognostic signature was constructed, which exhibited a strong association with overall survival (OS) in the TCGA discovery cohort. In addition, these findings were successfully confirmed in TCGA validation cohort and our own independent cohort. The miRNA-based signature was demonstrated as an independent prognostic indicator for HNSCC. A risk signature-based nomogram model was constructed and showed good performance for predicting the OS for HNSCC. The functional analyses revealed that the downstream targets of these prognostic miRNAs were closely linked to cancer progression. Mechanistically, in vitro analysis revealed that miR-1229-3p played a tumor promoting role in HNSCC. In conclusion, our study has developed a robust miRNA-based signature for predicting the prognosis of HNSCC with high accuracy, which will contribute to improve the therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhao
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Cui
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 Enhances Radiosensitivity of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) Cell Lines Due to Suppressed Double-Strand Break (DSB) Repair by Non-Homologous End Joining. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020467. [PMID: 32085396 PMCID: PMC7072694 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is frequently altered in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and negative squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) and overstimulation is associated with poor prognosis. PI3K drives Akt activation and constitutive signaling acts pro-proliferative, supports cell survival, DNA repair, and contributes to radioresistance. Since the small molecule NVP-BEZ235 (BEZ235) is a potent dual inhibitor of this pathway, we were interested whether BEZ235 could be an efficient radiosensitizer. The 50 nM BEZ235 was found to abrogate endogenous and irradiation-induced phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473). The anti-proliferative capacity of the drug resulted in an increase in G1-phase cells. Repair of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) was strongly suppressed. Reduction in DSB repair was only apparent in G1- but not in G2-phase cells, suggesting that BEZ235 primarily affects non-homologous end joining. This finding was confirmed using a DSB repair reporter gene assay and could be attributed to an impaired phosphorylation of DNA-PKcs (S2056). Cellular radiosensitivity increased strongly after BEZ235 addition in all HNSCC cell lines used, especially when irradiated in the G0 or G1 phase. Our data indicate that targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway by BEZ235 with concurrent radiotherapy may be considered an effective strategy for the treatment of HNSCC, regardless of the HPV and Akt status.
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64
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Marquard FE, Jücker M. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling as a molecular target in head and neck cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 172:113729. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Wei M, Wu Y, Liu H, Xie C. Genipin Induces Autophagy and Suppresses Cell Growth of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma via PI3K/AKT/MTOR Pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:395-405. [PMID: 32099325 PMCID: PMC6996293 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s222694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignant tumor of the head and neck, and it accounts for more than 90% of oral cancer. Due to high mortality, limitations of traditional treatment and many complications, new treatment methods are urgently needed. This study aimed to look into the effect of new potential anti-tumor drug, genipin, on OSCC treatment. Methods In vitro, CCK-8, colony formation, and flow cytometry were used to detect the effect of genipin on SCC-9 and SCC-15 cell lines. Immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, and Western blotting were used to investigate its mechanism. Xenograft tumor model was used to explore the role of genipin in vivo. Results We found that genipin suppressed cell growth and induced apoptosis in vitro. In addition, the expression of p62 was down-regulated while Beclin1 and LC3II were up-regulated in SCC-25 and SCC-9 cells. 3-methyladenine (3-MA) significantly decreased LC3 (LC3II)+ puncta, but genipin rescuect 3d this reduction. Furthermore, genipin also reduced the expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR. In vivo experiment showed that genipin significantly curbed the tumor size and weight. The positive expression of Ki67 protein and number of apoptotic cells were increased. Conclusion Conclusively, this study implicated that genipin suppresses cell proliferation and stimulated apoptosis, and is the first exploration showing that genipin induces OSCC cell autophagy via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- MingBo Wei
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - YanLi Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Xie
- Stomatology Center, Affiliated Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People's Republic of China
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Ganci F, Pulito C, Valsoni S, Sacconi A, Turco C, Vahabi M, Manciocco V, Mazza EMC, Meens J, Karamboulas C, Nichols AC, Covello R, Pellini R, Spriano G, Sanguineti G, Muti P, Bicciato S, Ailles L, Strano S, Fontemaggi G, Blandino G. PI3K Inhibitors Curtail MYC-Dependent Mutant p53 Gain-of-Function in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:2956-2971. [PMID: 31969334 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mutation of TP53 gene is a hallmark of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) not yet exploited therapeutically. TP53 mutation frequently leads to the synthesis of mutant p53 proteins with gain-of-function activity, associated with radioresistance and high incidence of local recurrences in HNSCC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Mutant p53-associated functions were investigated through gene set enrichment analysis in the Cancer Genome Atlas cohort of HNSCC and in a panel of 22 HNSCC cell lines. Mutant p53-dependent transcripts were analyzed in HNSCC cell line Cal27, carrying mutant p53H193L; FaDu, carrying p53R248L; and Detroit 562, carrying p53R175H. Drugs impinging on mutant p53-MYC-dependent signature were identified interrogating Connectivity Map (https://clue.io) derived from the Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) database (http://lincs.hms.harvard.edu/) and analyzed in HNSCC cell lines and patient-derived xenografts (PDX) models. RESULTS We identified a signature of transcripts directly controlled by gain-of-function mutant p53 protein and prognostic in HNSCC, which is highly enriched of MYC targets. Specifically, both in PDX and cell lines of HNSCC treated with the PI3Kα-selective inhibitor BYL719 (alpelisib) the downregulation of mutant p53/MYC-dependent signature correlates with response to this compound. Mechanistically, mutant p53 favors the binding of MYC to its target promoters and enhances MYC protein stability. Treatment with BYL719 disrupts the interaction of MYC, mutant p53, and YAP proteins with MYC target promoters. Of note, depletion of MYC, mutant p53, or YAP potentiates the effectiveness of BYL719 treatment. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the blocking of this transcriptional network is an important determinant for the response to BYL719 in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ganci
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Pulito
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Valsoni
- Department of Life Sciences, Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Turco
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Mahrou Vahabi
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Manciocco
- Otolaryngology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilia Maria Cristina Mazza
- Department of Life Sciences, Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jalna Meens
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christina Karamboulas
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony C Nichols
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Renato Covello
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Raul Pellini
- Otolaryngology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spriano
- Otolaryngology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sanguineti
- Radiation Oncology Department, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Muti
- Department of Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Center-McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan La Statale, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Laurie Ailles
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabrina Strano
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Fontemaggi
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
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Liu C, Sadat SH, Ebisumoto K, Sakai A, Panuganti BA, Ren S, Goto Y, Haft S, Fukusumi T, Ando M, Saito Y, Guo T, Tamayo P, Yeerna H, Kim W, Hubbard J, Sharabi AB, Gutkind JS, Califano JA. Cannabinoids Promote Progression of HPV-Positive Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma via p38 MAPK Activation. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:2693-2703. [PMID: 31932491 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is associated with daily marijuana use and is also increasing in parallel with increased marijuana use in the United States. Our study is designed to define the interaction between cannabinoids and HPV-positive HNSCC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The expression of cannabinoid receptors CNR1 and CNR2 was analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) HNSCC data. We used agonists, antagonists, siRNAs, or shRNA-based models to explore the roles of CNR1 and CNR2 in HPV-positive HNSCC cell lines and animal models. Cannabinoid downstream pathways involved were determined by Western blotting and analyzed in a primary HPV HNSCC cohort with single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and the OncoGenome Positioning System (Onco-GPS). RESULTS In TCGA cohort, the expression of CNR1 and CNR2 was elevated in HPV-positive HNSCC compared with HPV-negative HNSCC, and knockdown of CNR1/CNR2 expression inhibited proliferation in HPV-positive HNSCC cell lines. Specific CNR1 and CNR2 activation as well as nonselective cannabinoid receptor activation in cell lines and animal models promoted cell growth, migration, and inhibited apoptosis through p38 MAPK pathway activation. CNR1/CNR2 antagonists suppressed cell proliferation and migration and induced apoptosis. Using whole-genome expression analysis in a primary HPV HNSCC cohort, we identified specific p38 MAPK pathway activation signature in tumors from HPV HNSCC patients with objective measurement of concurrent cannabinoid exposure. CONCLUSIONS Cannabinoids can promote progression of HPV-positive HNSCC through p38 MAPK pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sayed H Sadat
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Koji Ebisumoto
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Akihiro Sakai
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Bharat A Panuganti
- Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Shuling Ren
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yusuke Goto
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sunny Haft
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Takahito Fukusumi
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Mizuo Ando
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Yuki Saito
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Theresa Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pablo Tamayo
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Huwate Yeerna
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - William Kim
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jacqueline Hubbard
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Andrew B Sharabi
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Joseph A Califano
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California. .,Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Cai Y, Yousef A, Grandis JR, Johnson DE. NSAID therapy for PIK3CA-Altered colorectal, breast, and head and neck cancer. Adv Biol Regul 2020; 75:100653. [PMID: 31594701 PMCID: PMC7056575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic evidence indicates that regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) provides a protective effect against the development of colorectal, breast, and head and neck cancers. Genomic characterization of these cancers has lent considerable insight into the subpopulations of cancer patients who are most likely to benefit from NSAID therapy. The PIK3CA gene encodes the catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and is among the most frequently mutated genes in solid tumor malignancies. Cancer-associated mutations in PIK3CA promote signaling via the PI3K pathway and stimulate tumor cell growth. In addition, activation of the PI3K pathway leads to induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme and production of immunosuppressive prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Notably, in both colorectal cancer and head and neck cancer the subpopulation of patients that benefit from NSAID use is restricted to those whose tumors exhibit PIK3CA genomic alterations. Preclinical studies, particularly in models of head and neck cancer, support the hypothesis that the chemopreventive impact of NSAIDs may be due, in part, to inhibition of COX-2 and reduction of PGE2 levels in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Yousef
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel E Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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PI3K Isoform-Selective Inhibitors in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1255:165-173. [PMID: 32949399 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4494-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PI3K inhibitors are a common area of research in finding a successful treatment of cancer. The PI3K pathway is important for cell growth, apoptosis, cell metabolism, cell survival, and a multitude of other functions. There are multiple isoforms of PI3K that can be broken down into three categories: class I, II, and III. Each isoform has at least one subunit that helps with the functionality of the isoform. Mutations found in the PI3K isoforms are commonly seen in many different types of cancer and the use of inhibitors is being tested to stop the cell survival of cancer cells. Individual PI3K inhibitors have shown some inhibition of the pathway; however, there is room for improvement. To better treat cancer, PI3K inhibitors are being combined with other pathway inhibitors. These combination therapies have shown better results with cancer treatments. Both the monotherapy and dual therapy treatments are still currently being studied and data collected to better understand cancer and other treatment options.
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Vundavilli H, Datta A, Sima C, Hua J, Lopes R, Bittner M. Cryptotanshinone Induces Cell Death in Lung Cancer by Targeting Aberrant Feedback Loops. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2019; 24:2430-2438. [PMID: 31825884 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2019.2958042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Signaling pathways oversee highly efficient cellular mechanisms such as growth, division, and death. These processes are controlled by robust negative feedback loops that inhibit receptor-mediated growth factor pathways. Specifically, the ERK, the AKT, and the S6K feedback loops attenuate signaling via growth factor receptors and other kinase receptors to regulate cell growth. Irregularity in any of these supervised processes can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and possibly Cancer. These irregularities primarily occur as mutated genes, and an exhaustive search of the perfect drug combination by performing experiments can be both costly and complex. Hence, in this paper, we model the Lung Cancer pathway as a Modified Boolean Network that incorporates feedback. By simulating this network, we theoretically predict the drug combinations that achieve the desired goal for the majority of mutations. Our theoretical analysis identifies Cryptotanshinone, a traditional Chinese herb derivative, as a potent drug component in the fight against cancer. We validated these theoretical results using multiple wet lab experiments carried out on H2073 and SW900 lung cancer cell lines.
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Kim N, Ryu H, Kim S, Joo M, Jeon HJ, Lee MW, Song IC, Kim MN, Kim JM, Lee HJ. CXCR7 promotes migration and invasion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by upregulating TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18100. [PMID: 31792315 PMCID: PMC6889124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54705-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR7 has been suggested to play important roles in the progression of several types of cancers. However, few studies have investigated the biological roles of CXCR7 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). CXCR7 expression and its clinical implications were examined in 103 HNSCC tissues using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The biological roles and mechanisms of CXCR7-mediated signaling pathways were investigated in HNSCC cells through CXCR7 overexpression in vitro and in vivo. High expression of CXCR7 was significantly associated with tumor size (P = 0.007), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.004), and stage (P = 0.020) in HNSCC. Overexpression of CXCR7 in HNSCC cells enhanced cell migration and invasion in vitro and promoted lymph node metastasis in vivo. CXCR7 also induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition through PI3K/AKT. CXCR7 increased secretion of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and promoted EMT through phosphorylated Smad2/3. Taken together, our results provide functional and mechanistic roles of CXCR7 as a master regulator of oncogenic TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling in HNSCC, suggesting that CXCR7 might be a therapeutic target for the treatment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Hyewon Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Solbi Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Mina Joo
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Heung Jin Jeon
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Myung-Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Ik-Chan Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Mi-Na Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Lee
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.
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72
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Sangiorgi B, de Souza FC, Mota de Souza Lima I, Dos Santos Schiavinato JL, Corveloni AC, Thomé CH, Araújo Silva W, Faça VM, Covas DT, Zago MA, Panepucci RA. A High-Content Screening Approach to Identify MicroRNAs Against Head and Neck Cancer Cell Survival and EMT in an Inflammatory Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1100. [PMID: 31788442 PMCID: PMC6856008 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is among the most common cancer types. Metastasis, the main cause of death by cancer, can be promoted by an inflammatory microenvironment, which induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through a NF-κB-mediated stabilization of Snail. Here, we aimed to explore how microRNAs (miRs) can affect cell survival and EMT in HNSCC cells under an inflammatory microenvironment. By using a high-content screening (HCS) approach, we evaluated alterations in morphometric parameters, as well as expression/localization of Snail/Slug, in HNSCC cells primed with TNF-α. Based on those quantitation, we established the optimal experimental conditions of EMT induction driven by TNF-α. Those conditions were applied to cells transfected with distinct miRs (N = 31), followed by clusterization of miRs based on alterations related to cell survival and EMT. The signaling pathways enriched with molecular targets from each group of miRs were identified by in silico analyses. Finally, cells were transfected with siRNAs against signaling pathways targeted by miRs with anti-survival/EMT effect and evaluated for alterations in cell survival and EMT. Overall, we observed that TNF-α, at 20 ng/ml, induced EMT-related changes in cell morphology, Snail/Slug expression, and cell migration. Predicted targets of miRs with anti-survival/EMT effect were enriched with targets of NF-κB, PI3K/ATK, and Wnt/beta catenin pathways. Strikingly, individual gene silencing of elements from those pathways, namely RELA (NF-kB), AKT1 (PI3K/AKT), and CTNNB1 (Wnt/beta catenin) reduced cell survival and/or expression of Snail/Slug in cells stimulated with TNF-α. As a whole, our HCS approach allowed for the identification of miRs capable of inhibiting cell survival and EMT considering the presence of an inflammatory microenvironment, also indicating the common signaling pathways and molecular targets most likely to underlie those alterations. These findings may contribute to the development of targeted therapies against HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Sangiorgi
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Genetics and Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Felipe Canto de Souza
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Genetics and Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ildercílio Mota de Souza Lima
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Genetics and Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Josiane Lilian Dos Santos Schiavinato
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Genetics and Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Amanda Cristina Corveloni
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Genetics and Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carolina Hassibe Thomé
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Wilson Araújo Silva
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Genetics and Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vitor Marcel Faça
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Zago
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Alexandre Panepucci
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Genetics and Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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73
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Tao W, Li Y, Zhu M, Li C, Li P. LncRNA NORAD Promotes Proliferation And Inhibits Apoptosis Of Gastric Cancer By Regulating miR-214/Akt/mTOR Axis. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:8841-8851. [PMID: 31802897 PMCID: PMC6826994 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s216862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In previous studies, we confirmed that the overexpression of lncRNA NORAD was associated with the occurrence and development of gastric cancer (GC). The aim of the present study was to explore the molecular mechanism of lncRNA NORAD on GC cell proliferation and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. PATIENTS AND METHODS The quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the expression levels of lncRNA NORAD and miR-214 in GC tissues and cells. The interaction between lncRNA NORAD and miR-214 was investigated by biological information and Dual-Luciferase gene reporter assay. Effect of lncRNA NORAD on GC tumor growth in vivo was studied in tumor xenograft model mice. The apoptosis of GC cells was determined by flow cytometry. The proliferation of GC cells was determined by 5-ethynyl-2´-deoxyuridine (EDU) and colony formation assays. Western Blot was used to determine the expressions of caspase-3, Akt and mTOR in GC tissues and cells. RESULTS The qRT-PCR results showed that lncRNA NORAD was highly expressed in human GC tissues and cell lines, while miR-214 was significantly down-regulated. Meanwhile, there was a direct interaction between lncRNA NORAD and miR-214. In addition, lncRNA NORAD could promote the growth and proliferation of GC cells both in vivo and in vitro. NOARD could also inhibit the apoptosis of GC cells by down-regulating caspase-3; however, miR-214 overexpression attenuated this effect. Moreover, lncRNA NORAD promoted the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR in mouse GC tissues and GC cell lines, while miR-214 mimics inhibited that promotion. CONCLUSION These results suggested that NORAD could promote the development of GC by inhibiting miR-214 expression and activating the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan City, Ningxia750004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan City, Ningxia750004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pingluo County People’s Hospital, Shizuishan City, Ningxia753400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan City, Ningxia750004, People’s Republic of China
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74
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Chen X, Cao Y, Sedhom W, Lu L, Liu Y, Wang H, Oka M, Bornstein S, Said S, Song J, Lu SL. Distinct roles of PIK3CA in the enrichment and maintenance of cancer stem cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Oncol 2019; 14:139-158. [PMID: 31600013 PMCID: PMC6944113 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrence and metastasis are the major causes of mortality in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). It is suggested that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play pivotal roles in recurrence and metastasis. Thus, a greater understanding of the mechanisms of CSC regulation may provide opportunities to develop novel therapies for improving survival by controlling recurrence or metastasis. Here, we report that overexpression of the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of PI3K (PIK3CA), the most frequently amplified oncogene in HNSCC, promotes epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and enriches the CSC population. However, PIK3CA is not required to maintain these traits and inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway paradoxically promotes CSC population. Molecular analysis revealed that overexpression of PIK3CA activates multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), in which ephrin receptors (Ephs), tropomyosin receptor kinases (TRK) and mast/stem cell growth factor receptor (c‐Kit) contribute to maintain CSC population. Accordingly, simultaneous inhibition of these RTKs using a multi‐kinase inhibitor ponatinib has a superior effect at eliminating the CSC population and reduces metastasis of PIK3CA‐overexpressing HNSCC cells. Our result suggests that co‐targeting of Ephs, TRKs and the c‐Kit pathway may be effective at eliminating the PI3K‐independent CSC population, thereby providing potential targets for future development of a novel anti‐CSC therapeutic approach for HNSCC patients, particularly for patients with PIK3CA amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Surgical Oncology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, China
| | - Wafik Sedhom
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yanqiu Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Masako Oka
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sophia Bornstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sherif Said
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Shi-Long Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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75
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Tang G, Tang Q, Jia L, Chen Y, Lin L, Kuai X, Gong A, Feng Z. TROP2 increases growth and metastasis of human oral squamous cell carcinoma through activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:2161-2170. [PMID: 31638186 PMCID: PMC6844621 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity are oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which is a type of highly malignant tumor with a propensity for forming distant metastases. Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2) is a transmembrane protein that is overexpressed in several types of tumor cells, although its role and regulatory mechanism in OSCC have not been determined. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of TROP2 in human OSCC cell lines. The present study demonstrated that TROP2 protein expression was upregulated in OSCC cell lines. Transfection of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting TROP2 (sh‑TROP2) reduced cell proliferation, migration and invasion of OSCC cell lines, whereas overexpression of TROP2 increased proliferation, migration and invasion. sh‑TROP2 transfection in OSCC cell lines inhibited tumor growth in OSCC mouse models. Furthermore, TROP2 expression activated the phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway in human OSCC cells. These results suggest that TROP2 induces cell growth, migration and invasion through activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in OSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genxiong Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Qi Tang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Lizhou Jia
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, P.R. China
| | - Liangyuan Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Xingwang Kuai
- Department of Basic Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223001, P.R. China
| | - Aixiu Gong
- Department of Stomatology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Zhengqing Feng
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
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76
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Lee DJ, McMullen CP, Foreman A, Huang SH, Lu L, Xu W, de Almeida JR, Liu G, Bratman SV, Goldstein DP. Impact of metformin on disease control and survival in patients with head and neck cancer: a retrospective cohort study. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019; 48:34. [PMID: 31345259 PMCID: PMC6659246 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-019-0348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective A number of in vitro and clinical studies have suggested potential antineoplastic effects of metformin. The impact of this medication on outcomes in head and neck cancer is less clear. Our aim was to determine the effect of metformin on outcomes within our large cohort of head and neck cancer patients with Type II Diabetes (T2DM). Study design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary Cancer Centre. Subjects and methods A retrospective review of individuals with head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) and T2DM between January 2005 and December 2011 at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre was conducted. Medication history was obtained from surveys at initial presentation and electronic medical record review. Using Cox regression analyses, the association between metformin use and local, regional and distant failures was explored. Subgroup analyses were conducted for oral cavity, oropharynx and larynx. Results A total of 329 HNSCC patients with T2DM were identified, including 195 metformin users and 134 non-metformin users. Patients were well-matched in terms of clinical, pathologic, and treatment factors. No difference in local, regional, or distant failure was observed between diabetic metformin users and diabetic non-metformin users for the entire cohort or within subgroup analysis for subsite. No difference between the two groups was observed for overall survival, recurrence-free survival, and disease-specific survival at 5 years. Conclusion No association between metformin use and oncologic outcomes were observed in this large cohort of HNSCC patients. Multicenter, prospective studies may be needed to verify previous studies identifying a potential anti-neoplastic effect of this medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery/Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, 610 University Ave 3-952, Toronto, ON, M4V 2N8, Canada
| | - Caitlin P McMullen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery/Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, 610 University Ave 3-952, Toronto, ON, M4V 2N8, Canada
| | - Andrew Foreman
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery/Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, 610 University Ave 3-952, Toronto, ON, M4V 2N8, Canada
| | - Shao Hui Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lin Lu
- Biostatistics Department, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Biostatistics Department, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John R de Almeida
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery/Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, 610 University Ave 3-952, Toronto, ON, M4V 2N8, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Biostatistics Department, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Scott V Bratman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David P Goldstein
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery/Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, 610 University Ave 3-952, Toronto, ON, M4V 2N8, Canada.
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Alsahafi E, Begg K, Amelio I, Raulf N, Lucarelli P, Sauter T, Tavassoli M. Clinical update on head and neck cancer: molecular biology and ongoing challenges. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:540. [PMID: 31308358 PMCID: PMC6629629 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are an aggressive, genetically complex and difficult to treat group of cancers. In lieu of truly effective targeted therapies, surgery and radiotherapy represent the primary treatment options for most patients. But these treatments are associated with significant morbidity and a reduction in quality of life. Resistance to both radiotherapy and the only available targeted therapy, and subsequent relapse are common. Research has therefore focussed on identifying biomarkers to stratify patients into clinically meaningful groups and to develop more effective targeted therapies. However, as we are now discovering, the poor response to therapy and aggressive nature of HNSCCs is not only affected by the complex alterations in intracellular signalling pathways but is also heavily influenced by the behaviour of the extracellular microenvironment. The HNSCC tumour landscape is an environment permissive of these tumours' aggressive nature, fostered by the actions of the immune system, the response to tumour hypoxia and the influence of the microbiome. Solving these challenges now rests on expanding our knowledge of these areas, in parallel with a greater understanding of the molecular biology of HNSCC subtypes. This update aims to build on our earlier 2014 review by bringing up to date our understanding of the molecular biology of HNSCCs and provide insights into areas of ongoing research and perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Alsahafi
- Head and Neck Oncology Group, Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction, King's College London, Hodgkin Building, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Katheryn Begg
- Head and Neck Oncology Group, Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction, King's College London, Hodgkin Building, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Nina Raulf
- Head and Neck Oncology Group, Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction, King's College London, Hodgkin Building, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Philippe Lucarelli
- Faculté des Sciences, de La Technologie et de La Communication, University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue Du Swing, Belvaux, 4367, Luxembourg
| | - Thomas Sauter
- Faculté des Sciences, de La Technologie et de La Communication, University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue Du Swing, Belvaux, 4367, Luxembourg
| | - Mahvash Tavassoli
- Head and Neck Oncology Group, Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction, King's College London, Hodgkin Building, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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78
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Chang MM, Pan BS, Wang CY, Huang BM. Cordycepin-induced unfolded protein response-dependent cell death, and AKT/MAPK-mediated drug resistance in mouse testicular tumor cells. Cancer Med 2019; 8:3949-3964. [PMID: 31145545 PMCID: PMC6639181 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men at 15-44 years of age, and radical orchidectomy combined with chemotherapy is currently considered as the standard treatment. However, drugs resistance and side effects that impact the quality of life for patients with testicular cancer have not been markedly improved in recent decades. In this study, we characterized the pharmacological exacerbation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is an effective approach to kill testicular cancer cells, by carrying out a clustering analysis of mRNA expression profiles and the immunobloting examination of cordycepin-treated MA-10 cells. The UPR is executed in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress to complement by an apoptotic response if the defect cannot be resolved. Results showed that cordycepin significantly modulated FoxO/P15/P27, PERK-eIF2α (apoptotic), and the IRE1-XBP1 (adaptive) UPR pathways. Interestingly, a fraction of MA-10 cells survived after cordycepin treatment, the AKT, LC3 I/II, and MAPK signaling pathways were highly induced in attached cells as compared to the suspended cells, illustrating the drug resistance to cordycepin via activating AKT and MAPK pathways in MA-10 cells. In summary, PERK-eIF2α signaling pathway is required for pro-apoptotic UPR in MA-10 cell death following cordycepin treatment, suggesting a potential therapeutic application in treating testicular cancer. However, activation of AKT and MAPK pathways could possibly result in drug resistance to cordycepin in MA-10 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Min Chang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Bo-Syong Pan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Yih Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Bu-Miin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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79
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Tashiro K, Oikawa M, Miki Y, Takahashi T, Kumamoto H. Immunohistochemical assessment of growth factor signaling molecules: MAPK, Akt, and STAT3 pathways in oral epithelial precursor lesions and squamous cell carcinoma. Odontology 2019; 108:91-101. [PMID: 31062130 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00428-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Several growth factors and their receptors, such as epidermal growth factor receptor, have been studied as prognostic biomarkers for many epithelial malignancies. The signal transduction cascade of those receptors includes RAS/RAF/ERK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and STAT3 pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression levels of several key proteins of those pathways in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral epithelial precursor lesions (OEPLs), and to correlate the expressions of these proteins with clinicopathologic features and prognosis. Fifteen leukoplakia (LP), 15 low-grade epithelial dysplasia, 15 high-grade epithelial dysplasia (HD), and 132 OSCC specimens were immunohistochemically examined for KRAS, HRAS, NRAS, BRAF, pERK1/2, pAkt, pmTOR, and pSTAT3 expression. Immunoreactivity for these molecules predominantly occurred in regions OEPL basal to prickle layers and in most OSCC cells. KRAS and NRAS expression was significantly lower in OSCC than in OEPLs, while pAkt and pmTOR showed higher expression in OSCC than in OEPLs. pERK1/2 expression was significantly higher in HD than in LP. In OSCC, KRAS and NRAS immunoreactivity was significantly higher in advanced age and male gender. In addition, higher immunoreactivity was shown in pERK1/2 in female gender and advanced TNM stage, pAkt in advanced T classification and cases without postoperative metastasis, pmTOR in advanced mode of invasion, and pSTAT3 in invasion depth. Correlations between these markers and clinicopathological variables were also noted. MAPK, Akt, and STAT3 pathways might play diverse roles in oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Tashiro
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Mariko Oikawa
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miki
- Department of Disaster Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, 468-1, Aoba, Aramaki aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Tetsu Takahashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kumamoto
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
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80
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Falzone L, Lupo G, La Rosa GRM, Crimi S, Anfuso CD, Salemi R, Rapisarda E, Libra M, Candido S. Identification of Novel MicroRNAs and Their Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance in Oral Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050610. [PMID: 31052345 PMCID: PMC6562527 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Despite that the oral cavity is easily accessible for clinical examinations, oral cancers are often not promptly diagnosed. Furthermore, to date no effective biomarkers are available for oral cancer. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify novel biomarkers able to improve both diagnostic and prognostic strategies. In this context, the development of innovative high-throughput technologies for molecular and epigenetics analyses has generated a huge amount of data that may be used for the identification of new cancer biomarkers. Methods: In the present study, GEO DataSets and TCGA miRNA profiling datasets were analyzed in order to identify miRNAs with diagnostic and prognostic significance. Furthermore, several computational approaches were adopted to establish the functional roles of these miRNAs. Results: The analysis of datasets allowed for the identification of 11 miRNAs with a potential diagnostic role for oral cancer. Additionally, eight miRNAs associated with patients' prognosis were also identified; six miRNAs predictive of patients' overall survival (OS) and one, hsa-miR-let.7i-3p, associated with tumor recurrence. Conclusion: The integrated analysis of different miRNA expression datasets allows for the identification of a set of miRNAs that, after validation, may be used for the early detection of oral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Falzone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncologic, Clinic and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Lupo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncologic, Clinic and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giusy Rita Maria La Rosa
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Crimi
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Carmelina Daniela Anfuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncologic, Clinic and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Rossella Salemi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncologic, Clinic and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Ernesto Rapisarda
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncologic, Clinic and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Saverio Candido
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncologic, Clinic and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
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81
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Sur S, Nakanishi H, Steele R, Ray RB. Depletion of PCAT-1 in head and neck cancer cells inhibits tumor growth and induces apoptosis by modulating c-Myc-AKT1-p38 MAPK signalling pathways. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:354. [PMID: 30987615 PMCID: PMC6466688 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5562-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents one of the most common malignancies worldwide with a high mortality rate mainly due to lack of early detection markers, frequent association with metastasis and aggressive phenotype. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to have important regulatory roles in human cancers. The lncRNA prostate cancer-associated transcript 1 (PCAT-1) showed potential oncogenic roles in different cancers, however its role in HNSCC is not known. In this study, we evaluated the role of the PCAT-1 in HNSCC. METHODS The expression of PCAT-1 was measured by quantitative real-time PCR in 23 paired human HNSCC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissue specimens. Cell proliferation after depleting PCAT-1 was determined. Effect of PCAT-1 depletion in HNSCC cell lines was determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses. Finally, JHU029 HNSCC cells was implanted subcutaneously into athymic nude mice and therapeutic potential of PCAT-1 was investigated. RESULTS Up-regulation of PCAT-1 in TCGA dataset of HNSCC was noted. We also observed increased expression of PCAT-1 in archived HNSCC patient samples as compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues. Knockdown of PCAT-1 significantly reduced cell proliferation in HNSCC cell lines. Mechanistic study revealed significant down regulation of c-Myc and AKT1 gene in both RNA and protein levels upon knockdown of PCAT-1. We observed that c-Myc and AKT1 positively correlate with PCAT-1 expression in HNSCC. Further, we observed activation of p38 MAPK and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 upon knockdown of PCAT-1 which induces Caspase 9 and PARP mediated apoptosis. Targeted inhibition of PCAT-1 regresses tumor growth in nude mice. CONCLUSION Together our data demonstrated an important role of the PCAT-1 in HNSCC and might serve as a target for HNSCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhayan Sur
- 0000 0004 1936 9342grid.262962.bDepartment of Pathology, Saint Louis University, 1100 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63104 USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakanishi
- 0000 0004 1936 9342grid.262962.bDepartment of Pathology, Saint Louis University, 1100 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63104 USA
| | - Robert Steele
- 0000 0004 1936 9342grid.262962.bDepartment of Pathology, Saint Louis University, 1100 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63104 USA
| | - Ratna B. Ray
- 0000 0004 1936 9342grid.262962.bDepartment of Pathology, Saint Louis University, 1100 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63104 USA
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82
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Liang X, Deng M, Zhang C, Ping F, Wang H, Wang Y, Fan Z, Ren X, Tao X, Wu T, Xu J, Cheng B, Xia J. Combined class I histone deacetylase and mTORC1/C2 inhibition suppresses the initiation and recurrence of oral squamous cell carcinomas by repressing SOX2. Cancer Lett 2019; 454:108-119. [PMID: 30981761 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains a challenge because of the lack of effective early treatment strategies and high incidence of relapse. Here, we showed that combined 4SC-202 (a novel selective class I HDAC inhibitor) and INK128 (a selective mTORC1/C2 inhibitor) treatment exhibited synergistic effects on inhibiting cell growth, sphere-forming ability, subcutaneous tumor formation and ALDH1+ cancer stem cells (CSCs) in OSCC. The initiation of OSCC was significantly inhibited by combined treatment in 4NQO-induced rat model. In addition, upregulated SOX2 was associated with advanced and metastatic tumors in OSCC patients and was responsible for the drug-resistance property of OSCC cells. The inhibitory effect of combined treatment on cell viability and ALDH1+ CSCs were attenuated by SOX2 verexpression. Furthermore, combined treatment can effectively overcome chemoresistance and inhibit the growth of recurrent OSCC in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, 4SC-202 and INK128 repressed SOX2 expression through miR-429/miR-1181-mediated mRNA degradation and preventing cap-dependent mRNA translation, respectively. These results suggest that combined class I histone deacetylase and mTORC1/C2 inhibition suppresses the carcinogenesis and recurrence of OSCC by repressing SOX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Liang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Miao Deng
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Fan Ping
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hongfei Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhaona Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xianyue Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoan Tao
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jian Xu
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Juan Xia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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83
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Ibrahim MY, Nunez MI, Harun N, Lee JJ, El-Naggar AK, Ferrarotto R, Wistuba I, Myers J, Glisson BS, William WN. PI3-kinase pathway biomarkers in oral cancer and tumor immune cells. Head Neck 2019; 41:615-622. [PMID: 30556200 PMCID: PMC6382518 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the hypothesis that phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) pathway dysregulation in either head and neck cancer cells and/or tumor infiltrating immune cells would influence outcomes of patients with surgically treated oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). METHODS We constructed tissue microarrays containing 123 oral tongue SCC samples and performed immunohistochemistry using antibodies against 7 PI3-kinase pathway markers: phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), Akt, p-Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), phosphorylated-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), survivin, and Ki-67). Expression levels in cancer cells or tumor infiltrating immune cells were correlated with outcomes. RESULTS Higher levels of PTEN expression in immune cells were significantly associated with improved recurrence-free survival (heart rate (HR) = 0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23-0.90, P = .03), and overall survival (HR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.15-0.76, P = .01) on univariate and multicovariate models. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel, negative prognostic role of PI3-kinase activation (as determined by PTEN loss) in oral SCC infiltrating immune cells. These findings could be relevant for clinical development of PI-3 kinase inhibitors for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Y Ibrahim
- Seton Hall University College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine at St. Francis Medical Center
| | - Maria I Nunez
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Pathology
| | - Nusrat Harun
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Biostatistics
| | - J Jack Lee
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Biostatistics
| | - Adel K El-Naggar
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Pathology
| | - Renata Ferrarotto
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology
| | - Ignacio Wistuba
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Pathology
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Translational Molecular Pathology
| | - Jeffrey Myers
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Head and Neck Surgery, Houston, TX
| | - Bonnie S Glisson
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology
| | - William N William
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology
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84
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Gui J, Zhu M, Bai X, Li B, Gao M, Ma H, Li H, Wu C. [Effect of methanol-ethyl acetate partitioned fractions from Descurainia sophia on proliferation and apoptosis of human non-small cell lung cancer H1975 cells]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:169-174. [PMID: 30890504 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.02.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of methanol-ethyl acetate partitioned fractions from Descurainia sophia (MEDS) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human non-small cell lung cancer H1975 cells. METHODS The systemic solvent extraction method was used to preliminary separation of the effective fractions in the methanol extract of Descurainia sophia. The cytotoxicity of each extract (5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 μg/mL) was tested using MTT assay. Colony cloning method was used to assess the effect of different concentrations of methanol-ethyl acetate partitioned fractions from MEDS (5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 μg/ mL) on the proliferation of H1975 cells. Flow cytometric analysis with Annexin V-FITC/PI staining was performed to detect the apoptosis of the cells after treatment with different concentrations of MEDS fractions (10, 20, and 40 μg/mL). Western blotting was used to evaluate the effects of MEDS fractions on the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins Akt, Bax, and Bcl-2. The anti-tumor activity of 100 mg/kg MEDS fractions was tested in a nude mouse model bearing H1975 cell xenografts. RESULTS MTT assay and colony forming experiment showed that MEDS fractions significantly inhibited the proliferation of H1975 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The results of flow cytometry showed that MEDS fractions induced obvious apoptosis of H1975 cells in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.05). MEDS fractions also significantly decreased the expressions of Bcl-2 and Akt protein and increased the protein expression of Bax (P < 0.05). In the tumor-bearing nude mouse model, MEDS fractions showed potent anti-tumor effects with a low toxicity to affect the body weight and organs of the mice. CONCLUSIONS The methanol-ethyl acetate partitioned fractions from MEDS show potent anti-tumor activity both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting their value as promising therapeutic agents against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Gui
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Meilin Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Xiangjian Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Bohan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Meijia Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Hui Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Chengzhu Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
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85
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Muñoz-Cordero MG, López F, García-Inclán C, López-Hernández A, Potes-Ares S, Fernández-Vañes L, Llorente JL, Hermsen M. Predictive Value of EGFR-PI3K-pAKT-mTOR-pS6 Pathway in Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinomas. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otoeng.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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86
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Yang QC, Wu CC, Cao LY, Xiao Y, Li H, Liu B, Sun ZJ. Increased Expression of LAMTOR5 Predicts Poor Prognosis and Is Associated with Lymph Node Metastasis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:783-792. [PMID: 31337951 PMCID: PMC6643113 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.33415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor and MAPK and mTOR activator 5 (LAMTOR5) is a novel oncoprotein associated with several human malignancies, but its clinical role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains unclear. The present study aims to investigate the clinical and pathological significance of LAMTOR5 in HNSCC. We utilized immunohistochemical staining of human tissue microarrays (210 primary HNSCC, 42 normal oral mucosae, 69 oral epithelial dysplasia, and 68 metastasis lymph nodes) to explore the clinical and pathological significance of LAMTOR5 in HNSCC. Additionally, expression level of LAMTOR5 in immunoreactivity of Pten conditional knock out (Pten cKO) mice HNSCC was also assessed. We found LAMTOR5 was overexpressed in human and Pten cKO mice HNSCC, and its expression was significantly associated with patients' overall survival, lymph node metastasis and lymph node grade. Furthermore, LAMTOR5 expression was significantly correlated with the expression of p-AktSer473, p-S6Ser235/236, immune checkpoints (PD-L1, Galectin 9, VISTA and B7-H4) and macrophage markers (CD68 and CD163). In Pten cKO mice HNSCC, it was also significantly correlated with VISTA and F4/80. Consequently, we consider that high expression of LAMTOR5 might be a poor prognostic indicator and correlated with the immunosuppression of tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Chao Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong-Cong Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling-Yun Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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87
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Co-targeting EGFR and IKKβ/NF-κB signalling pathways in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a potential novel therapy for head and neck squamous cell cancer. Br J Cancer 2018; 120:306-316. [PMID: 30585254 PMCID: PMC6353914 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0351-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) proliferation and therapy resistance, but the efficacy of targeting of EGFR for therapy has been limited. Here, we explore the molecular link between EGFR and inhibitor of κB kinase β/nuclear factor-κB (IKKβ/NF-κB) signalling pathways in the regulation of HNSCC EGFR inhibitor resistance. Methods We performed in vitro experiments in eight human HNSCC cell lines and a patient-derived HNSCC cell line as well as in vivo xenografts in a human HNSCC cell line. Results We found that treatment of all HNSCC cells with Gefitinib and Erlotinib, two Food Drug Administration-approved EGFR inhibitors, blocked the activity of Akt/mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase, two crucial downstream effectors of EGFR, but up-regulated IKKβ/NF-κB signalling. In addition, induction of IKKβ/NF-κB by EGFR inhibitors required HER2 and HER3 expression. In keeping with these, IKKβ inhibitor CmpdA synergistically enhanced the efficacy of EGFR inhibitors to further inhibit in vitro HNSCC cell growth. Importantly, we demonstrated that the combination of Gefitinib with CmpdA inhibited xenograft tumour formation. Conclusion Our data demonstrated that co-targeting EGFR and IKKβ with Gefitinib and IKKβ inhibitors could provide a potential novel therapy for head and neck squamous cell cancer.
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NVP-BEZ235 Attenuated Cell Proliferation and Migration in the Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Oral Cavities and p70S6K Inhibition Mimics its Effect. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113546. [PMID: 30423811 PMCID: PMC6274880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
NVP-BEZ235 or BEZ235 is a dual inhibitor of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-competitive phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian-target-of-rapamycin (mTOR) and is promising for cancer treatment. Because it targets more than one downstream effector, a dual approach is promising for cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of NVP-BEZ235 in treating oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Two human OSCC cell lines, SCC-4 and SCC-25, were used in this study. PI3K-AKT signaling, proliferation, and cell migratory and invasion capabilities of OSCC cells were examined. In NVP-BEZ235-treated SCC-4 and SCC-25 cells, the phosphorylation of 70-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K), but not mTOR, decreased within 24 h. NVP-BEZ235 inhibited OSCC-cell proliferation, migration, and invasion possibly by directly deregulating the phosphorylation of p70S6K. The phospho-p70S6K inhibitor mimicked the effects of NVP-BEZ235 for preventing proliferation and weakening the migratory and invasion abilities of SCC-4 and SCC-25 cells. This study further confirmed the effect of NVP-BEZ235 on OSCC cells and provided a new strategy for controlling the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells using the phopho-p70S6K inhibitor.
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Saintigny P, Mitani Y, Pytynia KB, Ferrarotto R, Roberts DB, Weber RS, Kies MS, Maity SN, Lin SH, El-Naggar AK. Frequent PTEN loss and differential HER2/PI3K signaling pathway alterations in salivary duct carcinoma: Implications for targeted therapy. Cancer 2018; 124:3693-3705. [PMID: 30289966 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with advanced primary and recurrent salivary duct carcinoma (SDC), a rare and lethal malignancy, have limited therapeutic options. Novel small-molecule agents aimed at targeting critical signaling associated with SDC tumorigenesis may lead to new therapeutic options for patients with these tumors. The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) axis, an important oncogenic pathway, has been targeted for therapy in several solid tumors. Currently, little is known about the role and clinical implications of alterations of the HER2/PI3K pathway in patients with SDC. METHODS The authors investigated the clinicopathologic features, genetic alterations, and expression of key members of the HER2/PI3K pathway in 43 primary tumors and conducted in vitro functional and targeted drug-response analyses on cell lines derived from salivary epithelial carcinomas. RESULTS In primary tumors, loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression was identified in 22 of 43 tumors (51%), overexpression of HER2 was observed in 12 of 43 tumors (28%), and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) mutations were identified in 12 of 43 tumors (28%). Phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) was highly expressed in most tumors. Most tumors (70%) displayed mutually exclusive alterations of PI3K members, whereas 8 tumors (19%) had 2 or more concurrent abnormalities. In vitro studies demonstrated a direct association between PTEN loss and PI3K pathway activation and evidence of response to combined PI3Kα and PI3Kβ and/or pan-PI3K inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS The current analyses reveal frequent PTEN loss and mutually exclusive alterations of key PI3K pathway members in SDC and demonstrate in vitro evidence of a response to pan-PI3K inhibitors. These results provide a framework for a biomarker-based substratification of patients with SDC in future targeted therapy. Cancer 2018;124:3523-32. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Saintigny
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Yoshitsugu Mitani
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kristen B Pytynia
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Renata Ferrarotto
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dianna B Roberts
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Randal S Weber
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Merrill S Kies
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sankar N Maity
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sue-Hwa Lin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Adel K El-Naggar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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90
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Na S, Zhang J, Zhou X, Tang A, Huang D, Xu Q, Xue D, Qiu J. Plumbagin-mediating GLUT1 suppresses the growth of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2018; 24:920-929. [PMID: 29080392 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Na
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; Nanchang China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; Nanchang China
| | - X Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; Nanchang China
| | - A Tang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; Nanchang China
| | - D Huang
- Research Institute of Digestive Diseases and Department of Gastroenterology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; Nanchang China
| | - Q Xu
- Research Institute of Digestive Diseases and Department of Gastroenterology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; Nanchang China
| | - D Xue
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; Nanchang China
| | - J Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; Nanchang China
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91
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Jung K, Kang H, Mehra R. Targeting phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). CANCERS OF THE HEAD & NECK 2018; 3:3. [PMID: 31093356 PMCID: PMC6460806 DOI: 10.1186/s41199-018-0030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been changing rapidly due to growing proportion of HPV-related disease and development of new therapeutic agents. At the same time, there has been a constant need for individually tailored treatment based on genetic biomarkers in order to optimize patient survival and alleviate treatment-related toxicities. In this regard, aberrations of PI3K pathway have important clinical implications in the treatment of HNSCC. They frequently constitute ‘gain of function’ mutations which trigger oncogenesis, and PI3K mutations can also lead to emergence of drug resistance after treatment with EGFR inhibitors. In this article, we review PI3K pathway as a target of treatment for HNSCC and summarize PI3K/mTOR inhibitors that are currently under clinical trials. In light of recent advancement of immune checkpoint inhibitors, consideration of PI3K inhibitors as potential immune modulators is also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsuk Jung
- 1Department of Medicine, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Hyunseok Kang
- 2Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, 201 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Ranee Mehra
- 2Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, 201 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD USA
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92
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NVP-BEZ235, a dual PI3K-mTOR inhibitor, suppresses the growth of FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and has a synergistic effect with Cisplatin. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:57. [PMID: 29760955 PMCID: PMC5945618 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
NVP-BEZ235 is a dual phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor. A dual approach targeting more than one downstream effector is a promising strategy for treating cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of NVP-BEZ235 in treating FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC), either alone or in combination with cisplatin. We found mTOR expression was higher in patients with HSCC. In the in vitro study, treatment with NVP-BEZ235 alone attenuated cell proliferation and suppressed p-p70S6K and p-4E-BP1 expression in FaDu cells. When NVP-BEZ235 was combined with Cisplatin, apoptosis was induced more effectively than with either drug alone. In mice with a FaDu xenograft, cotreatment with NVP-BEZ235 and Cisplatin engendered synergistic effects and produced a greater antitumor response than did treatment with either drug alone. Resected tumor samples also showed decreased p-p70S6K expression. Collectively, these data demonstrate that NVP-BEZ235 inhibits HSCC growth through phospho-p70S6K suppression and has a synergistic effect with Cisplatin in treating HSCC. The data also provide a strategy for more effective HSCC treatment.
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93
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Matsuo FS, Andrade MF, Loyola AM, da Silva SJ, Silva MJB, Cardoso SV, de Faria PR. Pathologic significance of AKT, mTOR, and GSK3β proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma-affected patients. Virchows Arch 2018; 472:983-997. [PMID: 29713826 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-2318-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases are kinases that lead to AKT phosphorylation and thus mTOR and GSK3β activation. These proteins are linked to tumorigenesis, but their roles in driving cervical lymph node (CLN) metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of AKT, mTOR, and GSK3β proteins in the occurrence of CLN metastasis in OSCC patients. Ninety and 18 paraffin-embedded OSCC and oral mucosa samples were included, respectively. We divided our OSCC patients into non-metastasizing (PNM) and metastasizing (PM) groups, and the expression of total AKT, pAKT1Thr308, pAKTSer473, GSK3β, pGSK3βSer9, and pmTORSer2448 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The mean expression of GSK3β, pGSK3βSer9, total AKT, and pmTOR2448 was always higher in the OSCC tissues than that in the controls. A positive correlation was also found among these proteins. Total AKT, pmTORSer2448, and pGSK3βSer9 expression was significantly higher in the PNM and PM groups than that in the control group. However, only GSK3β expression was significantly higher in the PM group compared with the PNM group. High expression levels of GSK3β and pGSK3βSer9 were significantly associated with CLN metastasis, but only GSK3β remained an independent predictor of CLN metastasis. pGSK3βSer9 and CLN metastasis were associated with a poor prognosis, but only the latter remained an independent prognostic parameter. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that pGSK3βSer9 and CLN metastasis were significantly related to reduced survival rates. These results suggest that AKT and mTOR proteins are involved in OSCC biology and that GSK3β itself may drive CLN metastatic spread of OSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Sayuri Matsuo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 1900 Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marília Ferreira Andrade
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, 1720 Pará Avenue, Block 4C, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Adriano Mota Loyola
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 1720 Pará Avenue, Block 4L, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Sindeval José da Silva
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, 1720 Pará Avenue, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Marcelo José Barbosa Silva
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, 1720 Pará Avenue, Block 4C, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Vitorino Cardoso
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 1720 Pará Avenue, Block 4L, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Paulo Rogério de Faria
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, 1720 Pará Avenue, Block 2B, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil. .,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Histologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Avenida Amazonas S/N, Bloco 2B, Sala 2B-254, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38405-320, Brazil.
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94
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Resteghini C, Perrone F, Miceli R, Bergamini C, Alfieri S, Orlandi E, Guzzo M, Granata R, Galbiati D, Cavalieri S, Locati L, Licitra L, Bossi P. Prognostic role of PIK3CA and TP53 in human papillomavirus-negative oropharyngeal cancers. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 104:213-220. [PMID: 29714670 DOI: 10.1177/0300891618765558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papilloma virus (HPV)-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPCs) have a poorer prognosis and best management is an unmet need. We studied the prognostic role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and PIK3CA amplifications and TP53 functional status. METHODS Between 1992 and 2000, 90 consecutive patients with OPCs were treated with surgery, followed by radiotherapy in case of high-risk pathologic features. Of those, 73 cases were HPV-negative and therefore were selected for molecular analysis ( PIK3CA and EGFR fluorescent in situ hybridization [FISH] analysis and TP53 mutation analysis). RESULTS FISH analyses of EGFR and PIK3CA were successfully conducted on 69 and 63 of 73 tumor samples, respectively. EGFR alterations were detected in 43% of patients but just 7% showed amplification. Seven cases (11%) carried PIK3CA amplification and 18 (29%) gene gain or high polysomy. TP53 was detected as nonfunctional in 24 of 67 (36%) successfully analyzed cases. Both univariable and multivariable analysis showed statistically significantly worse disease-free survival (DFS) for patients with PIK3CA disomy compared to those with gene gain or high polysomy. No differences in overall survival or DFS for EGFR and TP53 alteration were evident. The combined evaluation of PIK3CA and TP53 showed that PIK3CA gene copy number gain separated a population with better outcome, defining an overall worse prognosis population (disomy) now clearly further divided according to TP53 functional status. CONCLUSION PIK3CA gene copy number increase is associated with a favorable clinical outcome in HPV-negative OPCs treated with surgery ± postoperative radiotherapy. In patients without PIK3CA alteration, TP53 nonfunctional mutations are associated with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Resteghini
- 1 Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Perrone
- 2 Laboratory of Experimental Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosalba Miceli
- 3 Clinical Epidemiology and Trials Organization Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiana Bergamini
- 1 Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Alfieri
- 1 Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Ester Orlandi
- 4 Radiotherapy 2 Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Guzzo
- 5 Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Granata
- 1 Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Donata Galbiati
- 1 Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Cavalieri
- 1 Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Locati
- 1 Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Lisa Licitra
- 1 Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.,6 State University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Bossi
- 1 Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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95
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Polverini PJ, D'Silva NJ, Lei YL. Precision Therapy of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Dent Res 2018; 97:614-621. [PMID: 29649374 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518769645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine is an approach to disease prevention and treatment that takes into account genetic variability and environmental and lifestyle influences that are unique to each patient. It facilitates stratification of patient populations that vary in their susceptibility to disease and response to therapy. Shared databases and the implementation of new technology systems designed to advance the integration of this information will enable health care providers to more accurately predict and customize prevention and treatment strategies for patients. Although precision medicine has had a limited impact in most areas of medicine, it has been shown to be an increasingly successful approach to cancer therapy. Despite early promising results targeting aberrant signaling pathways or inhibitors designed to block tumor-driven processes such as angiogenesis, limited success emphasizes the need to discover new biomarkers and treatment targets that are more reliable in predicting response to therapy and result in better health outcomes. Recent successes in the use of immunity-inducing antibodies have stimulated increased interest in the use of precision immunotherapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Using next-generation sequencing, the precise profiling of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes has great promise to identify hypoimmunogenic cancer that would benefit from a rationally designed combinatorial approach. Continued interrogation of tumors will reveal new actionable targets with increasing therapeutic efficacy and fulfill the promise of precision therapy of head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Polverini
- 1 Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Division of Oral Medicine, Pathology, and Radiology, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,2 Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,3 Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - N J D'Silva
- 1 Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Division of Oral Medicine, Pathology, and Radiology, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,2 Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,3 Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Y L Lei
- 1 Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Division of Oral Medicine, Pathology, and Radiology, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,3 Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,4 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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96
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Klapproth E, Dickreuter E, Zakrzewski F, Seifert M, Petzold A, Dahl A, Schröck E, Klink B, Cordes N. Whole exome sequencing identifies mTOR and KEAP1 as potential targets for radiosensitization of HNSCC cells refractory to EGFR and β1 integrin inhibition. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18099-18114. [PMID: 29719593 PMCID: PMC5915060 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic and acquired resistances are major obstacles in cancer therapy. Genetic characterization is commonly used to identify predictive or prognostic biomarker signatures and potential cancer targets in samples from therapy-naïve patients. By far less common are such investigations to identify specific, predictive and/or prognostic gene signatures in patients or cancer cells refractory to a specific molecular-targeted intervention. This, however, might have a great value to foster the development of tailored, personalized cancer therapy. Based on our identification of a differential radiosensitization by single and combined β1 integrin (AIIB2) and EGFR (Cetuximab) targeting in more physiological, three-dimensional head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell cultures, we performed comparative whole exome sequencing, phosphoproteome analyses and RNAi knockdown screens in responder and non-responder cell lines. We found a higher rate of gene mutations with putative protein-changing characteristics in non-responders and different mutational profiles of responders and non-responders. These profiles allow stratification of HNSCC patients and identification of potential targets to address treatment resistance. Consecutively, pharmacological inhibition of mTOR and KEAP1 effectively diminished non-responder insusceptibility to β1 integrin and EGFR targeting for radiosensitization. Our data pinpoint the added value of genetic biomarker identification after selection for cancer subgroup responsiveness to targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Klapproth
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ellen Dickreuter
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Falk Zakrzewski
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden 01307, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dresden partner site, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Core Unit for Molecular Tumor Diagnostics (CMTD), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Michael Seifert
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry (IMB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Andreas Petzold
- Deep Sequencing Group, BIOTEChnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Andreas Dahl
- Deep Sequencing Group, BIOTEChnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Evelin Schröck
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden 01307, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dresden partner site, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Core Unit for Molecular Tumor Diagnostics (CMTD), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden 01307, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Barbara Klink
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden 01307, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dresden partner site, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Core Unit for Molecular Tumor Diagnostics (CMTD), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden 01307, Germany
- Deep Sequencing Group, BIOTEChnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Nils Cordes
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden 01307, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dresden partner site, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology, Dresden 01328, Germany
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97
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Muñoz-Cordero MG, López F, García-Inclán C, López-Hernández A, Potes-Ares S, Fernández-Vañes L, Llorente JL, Hermsen M. Predictive value of EGFR-PI3K-pAKT-mTOR-pS6 pathway in sinonasal squamous cell carcinomas. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2018; 70:16-24. [PMID: 29573781 DOI: 10.1016/j.otorri.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We have previously indicated that EGFR has a role in carcinogenesis in a subgroup of sinonasal squamous cell carcinomas (SNSCC). In addition, EGFR activates 2 of the most important intracellular signalling pathways: PI3K/pAKT/mTOR/pS6 and MAP pathway kinases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the involvement of the EGFR/PI3K/pAKT/mTOR/pS6 pathway and its relationship with clinical-pathological parameters and follow-up of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS The immunohistochemical expression of different components of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/pS6 pathway and its relationship with various clinical-pathological parameters was studied in a series of 54 patients with SNSCC. RESULTS Loss of PTEN expression was observed in 33/54 cases (61%) and pAKT, mTOR and pS6 pre-expression was observed in 19/54 cases (35%), 8/54 cases (15%), and 47/54 cases (87%), respectively. Loss of PTEN expression was related to intracranial invasion and development of regional metastases (p=0.005). Overexpression of pS6 was associated with a decrease in survival (p=0.008), presence of local recurrences (p=0.055), and worsening of overall prognosis (p=0.007). No significant relationships were observed between pAKT and mTOR expression and the clinicopathological parameters studied. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in the expression of EGFR/PI3K/pAKT/mTOR/pS6 pathway components are common in a subgroup of SNSCC. This study reveals that the absence of pS6 overexpression is associated with better clinical outcomes. Therefore, pS6 expression could be considered as an unfavourable prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gabriela Muñoz-Cordero
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, CIBERONC, ISCIII, Oviedo (Asturias), España
| | - Fernando López
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, CIBERONC, ISCIII, Oviedo (Asturias), España.
| | - Cristina García-Inclán
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, CIBERONC, ISCIII, Oviedo (Asturias), España
| | - Alejandro López-Hernández
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, CIBERONC, ISCIII, Oviedo (Asturias), España
| | - Sira Potes-Ares
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, CIBERONC, ISCIII, Oviedo (Asturias), España
| | - Laura Fernández-Vañes
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, CIBERONC, ISCIII, Oviedo (Asturias), España
| | - José Luis Llorente
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, CIBERONC, ISCIII, Oviedo (Asturias), España
| | - Mario Hermsen
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, CIBERONC, ISCIII, Oviedo (Asturias), España
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Li JZH, Gao W, Lei WB, Zhao J, Chan JYW, Wei WI, Ho WK, Wong TS. MicroRNA 744-3p promotes MMP-9-mediated metastasis by simultaneously suppressing PDCD4 and PTEN in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:58218-58233. [PMID: 27533461 PMCID: PMC5295426 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA controls cancer invasion by governing the expression of gene regulating migration and invasion. Here, we reported a novel regulatory pathway controlled by miR-744-3p, which enhanced expression of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). We profiled the differential micoRNA expression pattern in LSCC cell lines and normal epithelial cultures derived from the head and neck mucosa using microRNA microarray. MiR-7-1-3p, miR-196a/b and miR-744-3p were expressed differentially in the LSCC cell lines. Subsequent validation using real-time PCR revealed that high miR-744-3p level was positively correlated with regional lymph node metastasis of LSCC. Real-time cellular kinetic analysis showed that suppressing miR-744-3p could inhibit migration and invasion of LSCC cell lines and reduce the number of lung metastatic nodules in nude mice modules. In silico analysis revealed that miR-744-3p targeted 2 distinct signaling cascades which eventually upregulated MMP-9 expression in LSCC. First, miR-744-3p could suppress programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), a direct suppressor of NF-κB (p65). PDCD4 could also prevent AKT activation and suppress MMP-9 expression. Further, suppressing miR-744-3p expression could restore phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression. PTEN could inhibit AKT activation and inhibit MMP-9 expression in LSCC cells. The results revealed that suppressing miR-744-3p was effective to inhibit LSCC metastasis by inactivating AKT/mTOR and NF-κB (p65) signaling cascade. Targeting miR-744-3p could be a valuable therapeutic intervention to suppress the aggressiveness of LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Zeng-Hong Li
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.,Department of Otolaryngology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Wen-Bin Lei
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yet-Sen University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yet-Sen University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jimmy Yu-Wai Chan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - William Ignace Wei
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Wei-Kuen Ho
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Thian-Sze Wong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
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Haddadi N, Lin Y, Travis G, Simpson AM, McGowan EM, Nassif NT. PTEN/PTENP1: 'Regulating the regulator of RTK-dependent PI3K/Akt signalling', new targets for cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:37. [PMID: 29455665 PMCID: PMC5817727 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0803-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of the PI-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signalling pathway is essential for maintaining the integrity of fundamental cellular processes, cell growth, survival, death and metabolism, and dysregulation of this pathway is implicated in the development and progression of cancers. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are major upstream regulators of PI3K/Akt signalling. The phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), a well characterised tumour suppressor, is a prime antagonist of PI3K and therefore a negative regulator of this pathway. Loss or inactivation of PTEN, which occurs in many tumour types, leads to overactivation of RTK/PI3K/Akt signalling driving tumourigenesis. Cellular PTEN levels are tightly regulated by a number of transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational regulatory mechanisms. Of particular interest, transcription of the PTEN pseudogene, PTENP1, produces sense and antisense transcripts that exhibit post-transcriptional and transcriptional modulation of PTEN expression respectively. These additional levels of regulatory complexity governing PTEN expression add to the overall intricacies of the regulation of RTK/PI-3 K/Akt signalling. This review will discuss the regulation of oncogenic PI3K signalling by PTEN (the regulator) with a focus on the modulatory effects of the sense and antisense transcripts of PTENP1 on PTEN expression, and will further explore the potential for new therapeutic opportunities in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahal Haddadi
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Yiguang Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Glena Travis
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Ann M. Simpson
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Eileen M. McGowan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Najah T. Nassif
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
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100
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Role of multifaceted regulators in cancer glucose metabolism and their clinical significance. Oncotarget 2017; 7:31572-85. [PMID: 26934324 PMCID: PMC5058779 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glucose metabolism, "aerobic glycolysis" or "Warburg effect", is a hallmark of human cancers. There is a cluster of "multifaceted regulators", which plays a pivotal role in the regulation of glucose metabolism. They can not only modulate the activities of specific enzymes, but also act as transcriptional activators to regulate the expression of metabolism related genes. Additionally, they can crosstalk with other key factors involved in glucose metabolism and work together to initiate multiple oncogenic processes. These "multifaceted regulators", especially p53, HIF-1, TIGAR and microRNA, will be focused in this review. And we will comprehensively illustrate their regulatory effects on cancer glucose metabolism, and further elaborate on their clinical significance. In-depth elucidation the role of "multifaceted regulators" in cancer glucose metabolism will provide us novel insights in cancer research field and offer promising therapeutic targets for anti-cancer therapies.
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