51
|
Keller I, Rodrigues CM, Neuhaus HE, Pommerrenig B. Improved resource allocation and stabilization of yield under abiotic stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 257:153336. [PMID: 33360492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sugars are the main building blocks for carbohydrate storage, but also serve as signaling molecules and protective compounds during abiotic stress responses. Accordingly, sugar transport proteins fulfill multiple roles as they mediate long distance sugar allocation, but also shape the subcellular and tissue-specific carbohydrate profiles by balancing the levels of these molecules in various compartments. Accordingly, transporter activity represents a target by classical or directed breeding approaches, to either, directly increase phloem loading or to increase sink strength in crop species. The relative subcellular distribution of sugars is critical for molecular signaling affecting yield-relevant processes like photosynthesis, onset of flowering and stress responses, while controlled long-distance sugar transport directly impacts development and productivity of plants. However, long-distance transport is prone to become unbalanced upon adverse environmental conditions. Therefore, we highlight the influence of stress stimuli on sucrose transport in the phloem and include the role of stress induced cellular carbohydrate sinks, like raffinose or fructans, which possess important roles to build up tolerance against challenging environmental conditions. In addition, we report on recent breeding approaches that resulted in altered source and sink capacities, leading to increased phloem sucrose shuttling in crops. Finally, we present strategies integrating the need of cellular stress-protection into the general picture of long-distance transport under abiotic stress, and point to possible approaches improving plant performance and resource allocation under adverse environmental conditions, leading to stabilized or even increased crop yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Keller
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
52
|
Drought Stress Impacts on Plants and Different Approaches to Alleviate Its Adverse Effects. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020259. [PMID: 33525688 PMCID: PMC7911879 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drought stress, being the inevitable factor that exists in various environments without recognizing borders and no clear warning thereby hampering plant biomass production, quality, and energy. It is the key important environmental stress that occurs due to temperature dynamics, light intensity, and low rainfall. Despite this, its cumulative, not obvious impact and multidimensional nature severely affects the plant morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular attributes with adverse impact on photosynthetic capacity. Coping with water scarcity, plants evolve various complex resistance and adaptation mechanisms including physiological and biochemical responses, which differ with species level. The sophisticated adaptation mechanisms and regularity network that improves the water stress tolerance and adaptation in plants are briefly discussed. Growth pattern and structural dynamics, reduction in transpiration loss through altering stomatal conductance and distribution, leaf rolling, root to shoot ratio dynamics, root length increment, accumulation of compatible solutes, enhancement in transpiration efficiency, osmotic and hormonal regulation, and delayed senescence are the strategies that are adopted by plants under water deficit. Approaches for drought stress alleviations are breeding strategies, molecular and genomics perspectives with special emphasis on the omics technology alteration i.e., metabolomics, proteomics, genomics, transcriptomics, glyomics and phenomics that improve the stress tolerance in plants. For drought stress induction, seed priming, growth hormones, osmoprotectants, silicon (Si), selenium (Se) and potassium application are worth using under drought stress conditions in plants. In addition, drought adaptation through microbes, hydrogel, nanoparticles applications and metabolic engineering techniques that regulate the antioxidant enzymes activity for adaptation to drought stress in plants, enhancing plant tolerance through maintenance in cell homeostasis and ameliorates the adverse effects of water stress are of great potential in agriculture.
Collapse
|
53
|
Rusaczonek A, Czarnocka W, Willems P, Sujkowska-Rybkowska M, Van Breusegem F, Karpiński S. Phototropin 1 and 2 Influence Photosynthesis, UV-C Induced Photooxidative Stress Responses, and Cell Death. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020200. [PMID: 33498294 PMCID: PMC7909289 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phototropins are plasma membrane-associated photoreceptors of blue light and UV-A/B radiation. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes two phototropins, PHOT1 and PHOT2, that mediate phototropism, chloroplast positioning, and stomatal opening. They are well characterized in terms of photomorphogenetic processes, but so far, little was known about their involvement in photosynthesis, oxidative stress responses, and cell death. By analyzing phot1, phot2 single, and phot1phot2 double mutants, we demonstrated that both phototropins influence the photochemical and non-photochemical reactions, photosynthetic pigments composition, stomata conductance, and water-use efficiency. After oxidative stress caused by UV-C treatment, phot1 and phot2 single and double mutants showed a significantly reduced accumulation of H2O2 and more efficient photosynthetic electron transport compared to the wild type. However, all phot mutants exhibited higher levels of cell death four days after UV-C treatment, as well as deregulated gene expression. Taken together, our results reveal that on the one hand, both phot1 and phot2 contribute to the inhibition of UV-C-induced foliar cell death, but on the other hand, they also contribute to the maintenance of foliar H2O2 levels and optimal intensity of photochemical reactions and non-photochemical quenching after an exposure to UV-C stress. Our data indicate a novel role for phototropins in the condition-dependent optimization of photosynthesis, growth, and water-use efficiency as well as oxidative stress and cell death response after UV-C exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rusaczonek
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (W.C.); (M.S.-R.)
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (W.C.); (M.S.-R.)
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrick Willems
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (P.W.); (F.V.B.)
- VIB Center of Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marzena Sujkowska-Rybkowska
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (W.C.); (M.S.-R.)
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (P.W.); (F.V.B.)
- VIB Center of Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (S.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Guo H, Wang R, Garfin GM, Zhang A, Lin D, Liang Q, Wang J. Rice drought risk assessment under climate change: Based on physical vulnerability a quantitative assessment method. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141481. [PMID: 32889453 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Drought is the most serious natural disaster causing severe damage to agriculture. Drought impacts on rice (Oryza sativa) production present a major threat to future global food security. In this paper, the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model was used to simulate the growth of rice, in different periods (short-term (2019-2039), medium-term (2040-2069), long-term (2070-2099)), based on multiple Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios. Drought intensity and rice physical vulnerability curves were assessed, based on the output parameters of EPIC, to evaluate global rice yield risk, due to drought. The results show that the average expected loss rate of global rice yield may reach 13.1% (±0.4%) in the future. The high-risk area of rice drought is mainly located in the north of 30°N. The fluctuation of rice drought risk and the proportion of increased risk areas will increase significantly. About 77.6% of the changes in rice drought risk are explained by variations in shortwave radiation (r = 0.88). Projections show that the average value of daily shortwave radiation increases by 1 W/m2 during the rice growth period, accompanied by an expected rice yield loss rate of about 12.7%. The rice drought risk methods presented in this paper provide plausible estimates of forecasting future drought risk under climate change, and address challenges of sparse data; we believe these methods can be applied to decisions for reducing drought-related crop losses and ensuring global food security.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Gregg M Garfin
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, The University of Arizona, Environment & Natural Resources 2, 1064 E. Lowell St., N419, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Anyu Zhang
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Degen Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Qin'ou Liang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Jing'ai Wang
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, People's Government of Qinghai Province & Beijing Normal University, Xining 810008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Li F, Mei F, Zhang Y, Li S, Kang Z, Mao H. Genome-wide analysis of the AREB/ABF gene lineage in land plants and functional analysis of TaABF3 in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:558. [PMID: 33302868 PMCID: PMC7731569 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that ABFs (abscisic acid-responsive transcription factors) are important ABA-signaling components that participate in abiotic stress response. However, little is known about the function of ABFs in Triticum aestivum. In addition, although various ABFs have been identified in other species, the phylogenetic relationship between ABF transcription factors has not been systemically investigated in land plants. RESULTS In this study, we systemically collected ABFs from land plants and analyzed the phylogenetic relationship of these ABF genes. The ABF genes are present in all the land plants we investigated, including moss, lycophyte, monocots, and eudicots. Furthermore, these ABF genes are phylogenetically divided into seven subgroups, differentiations that are supported by variation in the gene structure, protein properties, and motif patterns. We further demonstrated that the expression of ABF genes varies among different tissues and developmental stages, and are induced by one or more environmental stresses. Furthermore, we found that three wheat ABFs (TaABF1, TaABF2, and TaABF3) were significantly induced by drought stress. Compared with wild-type (WT) plants, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing TaABF3 displayed enhanced drought tolerance. CONCLUSIONS These results provide important ground work for understanding the phylogenetic relationships between plant ABF genes. Our results also indicate that TaABFs may participate in regulating plant response to abiotic stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangming Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shumin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hude Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Yolcu S, Alavilli H, Lee BH. Natural Genetic Resources from Diverse Plants to Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228567. [PMID: 33202909 PMCID: PMC7697984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current agricultural system is biased for the yield increase at the cost of biodiversity. However, due to the loss of precious genetic diversity during domestication and artificial selection, modern cultivars have lost the adaptability to cope with unfavorable environments. There are many reports on variations such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and indels in the stress-tolerant gene alleles that are associated with higher stress tolerance in wild progenitors, natural accessions, and extremophiles in comparison with domesticated crops or model plants. Therefore, to gain a better understanding of stress-tolerant traits in naturally stress-resistant plants, more comparative studies between the modern crops/model plants and crop progenitors/natural accessions/extremophiles are required. In this review, we discussed and summarized recent progress on natural variations associated with enhanced abiotic stress tolerance in various plants. By applying the recent biotechniques such as the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tool, natural genetic resources (i.e., stress-tolerant gene alleles) from diverse plants could be introduced to the modern crop in a non-genetically modified way to improve stress-tolerant traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seher Yolcu
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea;
| | - Hemasundar Alavilli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Byeong-ha Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Yang J, Wang H, Zhao S, Liu X, Zhang X, Wu W, Li C. Overexpression Levels of LbDREB6 Differentially Affect Growth, Drought, and Disease Tolerance in Poplar. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:528550. [PMID: 33304356 PMCID: PMC7693672 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.528550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The application of drought stress-regulating transcription factors (TFs) offers a credible way to improve drought tolerance in plants. However, many drought resistant TFs always showed unintended adverse effects on plant growth or other traits. Few studies have been conducted in trees to evaluate and overcome the pleiotropic effects of drought tolerance TFs. Here, we report the dose-dependent effect of the Limonium bicolor LbDREB6 gene on its overexpression in Populus ussurensis. High- and moderate-level overexpression of LbDREB6 significantly increased drought tolerance in a dose-dependent manner. However, the OE18 plants showed stunted growth under normal conditions, but they were also more sensitive to Marssonina brunnea infection than wild type (WT) and OE14 plants. While, OE14 showed normal growth, the pathogen tolerance of them was not significantly different from WT. Many stress-responsive genes were up-regulated in OE18 and OE14 compared to WT, especially for OE18 plants. Meanwhile, more pathogen tolerance related genes were down-regulated in OE18 compared to OE14 and WT plants. We achieved improved drought tolerance by adjusting the increased levels of exogenous DREB genes to avoid the occurrence of growth reduction and reduced disease tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Hanzeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shicheng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Weilin Wu
- Agriculture College of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Chenghao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Minen RI, Martinez MP, Iglesias AA, Figueroa CM. Biochemical characterization of recombinant UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase and galactinol synthase from Brachypodium distachyon. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:780-788. [PMID: 32866791 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Raffinose (Raf) protects plant cells during seed desiccation and under different abiotic stress conditions. The biosynthesis of Raf starts with the production of UDP-galactose by UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPPase) and continues with the synthesis of galactinol by galactinol synthase (GolSase). Galactinol is then used by Raf synthase to produce Raf. In this work, we report the biochemical characterization of USPPase (BdiUSPPase) and GolSase 1 (BdiGolSase1) from Brachypodium distachyon. The catalytic efficiency of BdiUSPPase was similar with galactose 1-phosphate and glucose 1-phosphate, but 5- to 17-fold lower with other sugar 1-phosphates. The catalytic efficiency of BdiGolSase1 with UDP-galactose was three orders of magnitude higher than with UDP-glucose. A structural model of BdiGolSase1 allowed us to determine the residues putatively involved in the binding of substrates. Among these, we found that Cys261 lies within the putative catalytic pocket. BdiGolSase1 was inactivated by oxidation with diamide and H2O2. The activity of the diamide-oxidized enzyme was recovered by reduction with dithiothreitol or E. coli thioredoxin, suggesting that BdiGolSase1 is redox-regulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romina I Minen
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María P Martinez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alberto A Iglesias
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Figueroa
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Vinson CC, Mota APZ, Porto BN, Oliveira TN, Sampaio I, Lacerda AL, Danchin EGJ, Guimaraes PM, Williams TCR, Brasileiro ACM. Characterization of raffinose metabolism genes uncovers a wild Arachis galactinol synthase conferring tolerance to abiotic stresses. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15258. [PMID: 32943670 PMCID: PMC7498584 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72191-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) are implicated in plant regulatory mechanisms of abiotic stresses tolerance and, despite their antinutritional proprieties in grain legumes, little information is available about the enzymes involved in RFO metabolism in Fabaceae species. In the present study, the systematic survey of legume proteins belonging to five key enzymes involved in the metabolism of RFOs (galactinol synthase, raffinose synthase, stachyose synthase, alpha-galactosidase, and beta-fructofuranosidase) identified 28 coding-genes in Arachis duranensis and 31 in A. ipaënsis. Their phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, protein domains, and chromosome distribution patterns were also determined. Based on the expression profiling of these genes under water deficit treatments, a galactinol synthase candidate gene (AdGolS3) was identified in A. duranensis. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing AdGolS3 exhibited increased levels of raffinose and reduced stress symptoms under drought, osmotic, and salt stresses. Metabolite and expression profiling suggested that AdGolS3 overexpression was associated with fewer metabolic perturbations under drought stress, together with better protection against oxidative damage. Overall, this study enabled the identification of a promising GolS candidate gene for metabolic engineering of sugars to improve abiotic stress tolerance in crops, whilst also contributing to the understanding of RFO metabolism in legume species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina C Vinson
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia. Parque Estação Biológica, Final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, CP 02372, Brazil
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ana P Z Mota
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia. Parque Estação Biológica, Final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, CP 02372, Brazil
| | - Brenda N Porto
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia. Parque Estação Biológica, Final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, CP 02372, Brazil
| | - Thais N Oliveira
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia. Parque Estação Biológica, Final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, CP 02372, Brazil
| | - Iracyara Sampaio
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia. Parque Estação Biológica, Final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, CP 02372, Brazil
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ana L Lacerda
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia. Parque Estação Biológica, Final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, CP 02372, Brazil
| | | | - Patricia M Guimaraes
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia. Parque Estação Biológica, Final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, CP 02372, Brazil
| | - Thomas C R Williams
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ana C M Brasileiro
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia. Parque Estação Biológica, Final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, CP 02372, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Takahashi F, Kuromori T, Urano K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K. Drought Stress Responses and Resistance in Plants: From Cellular Responses to Long-Distance Intercellular Communication. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:556972. [PMID: 33013974 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.556972/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The drought stress responses of vascular plants are complex regulatory mechanisms because they include various physiological responses from signal perception under water deficit conditions to the acquisition of drought stress resistance at the whole-plant level. It is thought that plants first recognize water deficit conditions in roots and that several molecular signals then move from roots to shoots. Finally, a phytohormone, abscisic acid (ABA) is synthesized mainly in leaves. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of stress sensors and the regulators that initiate ABA biosynthesis in response to drought stress conditions are still unclear. Another important issue is how plants adjust ABA propagation, stress-mediated gene expression and metabolite composition to acquire drought stress resistance in different tissues throughout the whole plant. In this review, we summarize recent advances in research on drought stress responses, focusing on long-distance signaling from roots to shoots, ABA synthesis and transport, and metabolic regulation in both cellular and whole-plant levels of Arabidopsis and crops. We also discuss coordinated mechanisms for acquiring drought stress adaptations and resistance via tissue-to-tissue communication and long-distance signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Takahashi
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuromori
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Kaoru Urano
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Han Q, Chen K, Yan D, Hao G, Qi J, Wang C, Dirk LMA, Bruce Downie A, Gong J, Wang J, Zhao T. ZmDREB2A regulates ZmGH3.2 and ZmRAFS, shifting metabolism towards seed aging tolerance over seedling growth. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:268-282. [PMID: 32662115 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Seed aging tolerance and rapid seedling growth are important agronomic traits for crop production; however, how these traits are controlled at the molecular level remains largely unknown. The unaged seeds of two independent maize DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT-BINDING2A mutant (zmdreb2a) lines, with decreased expression of GRETCHEN HAGEN3.2 (ZmGH3.2, encoding indole-3-acetic acid [IAA] deactivating enzyme), and increased IAA in their embryo, produced longer seedling shoots and roots, than the null segregant (NS) controls. However, the zmdreb2a seeds, with decreased expression of RAFFINOSE SYNTHASE (ZmRAFS) and less raffinose in their embryo, exhibit decreased seed aging tolerance, than the NS controls. Overexpression of ZmDREB2A in maize protoplasts increased the expression of ZmGH3.2, ZmRAFS genes and that of a Rennila LUCIFERASE reporter (Rluc) gene, which was controlled by either the ZmGH3.2- or ZmRAFS-promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that ZmDREB2A directly binds to the DRE motif of the promoters of both ZmGH3.2 and ZmRAFS. Exogenous supplementation of IAA to the unaged, germinating NS seeds increased subsequent seedling growth making them similar to the zmdreb2a seedlings from unaged seeds. These findings provide evidence that ZmDREB2A regulates the longevity of maize seed by stimulating the production of raffinose while simultaneously acting to limit auxin-mediated cell expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Areas of the Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Kelu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Areas of the Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Dong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Areas of the Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Guanglong Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Areas of the Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Junlong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Areas of the Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- The Biology Teaching and Research Core Facility, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lynnette M A Dirk
- Department of Horticulture, Seed Biology Group, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - A Bruce Downie
- Department of Horticulture, Seed Biology Group, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Jianhua Gong
- Center of Seed Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Innovation Center for Seed Technology (Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Center of Seed Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Innovation Center for Seed Technology (Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Tianyong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Areas of the Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Ma X, Yu J, Zhuang L, Shi Y, Meyer W, Huang B. Differential regulatory pathways associated with drought-inhibition and post-drought recuperation of rhizome development in perennial grass. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 126:481-497. [PMID: 32445476 PMCID: PMC7424744 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Rhizomes are key organs for the establishment of perennial grass stands and adaptation to environmental stress. However, mechanisms regulating rhizome initiation and elongation under drought stress and during post-drought recovery remain unclear. The objective of this study is to investigate molecular factors and metabolic processes involved in drought effects and post-drought recovery in rhizome growth in perennial grass species by comparative transcriptomic and proteomic profiling. METHODS Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) (B-type rhizome genotype, 'BR') plants were exposed to drought stress and re-watering in growth chambers. The number and length of rhizomes were measured following drought stress and re-watering. Hormone and sugar contents were analysed, and transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were performed to identify metabolic factors, genes and proteins associated with rhizome development. KEY RESULTS Rhizome initiation and elongation were inhibited by drought stress, and were associated with increases in the contents of abscisic acid (ABA) and soluble sugars, but declines in the contents of indoleacetic acid (IAA), zeatin riboside (ZR) and gibberellin (GA4). Genes involved in multiple metabolic processes and stress defence systems related to rhizome initiation exhibited different responses to drought stress, including ABA signalling, energy metabolism and stress protection. Drought-inhibition of rhizome elongation could be mainly associated with the alteration of GA4 and antioxidants contents, energy metabolism and stress response proteins. Upon re-watering, new rhizomes were regenerated from rhizome nodes previously exposed to drought stress, which was accompanied by the decline in ABA content and increases in IAA, ZR and GA4, as well as genes and proteins for auxin, lipids, lignin and nitrogen metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Drought-inhibition of rhizome initiation and elongation in tall fescue was mainly associated with adjustments in hormone metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and stress-defence systems. Rhizome regeneration in response to re-watering involved reactivation of hormone and lipid metabolism, secondary cell-wall development, and nitrogen remobilization and cycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiqing Ma
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jingjin Yu
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lili Zhuang
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yi Shi
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, PR China
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - William Meyer
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Bingru Huang
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- For correspondence. E-mail
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Feng X, Liu W, Qiu C, Zeng F, Wang Y, Zhang G, Chen Z, Wu F. HvAKT2 and HvHAK1 confer drought tolerance in barley through enhanced leaf mesophyll H + homoeostasis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:1683-1696. [PMID: 31917885 PMCID: PMC7336388 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant K+ uptake typically consists low-affinity mechanisms mediated by Shaker K+ channels (AKT/KAT/KC) and high-affinity mechanisms regulated by HAK/KUP/KT transporters, which are extensively studied. However, the evolutionary and genetic roles of both K+ uptake mechanisms for drought tolerance are not fully explored in crops adapted to dryland agriculture. Here, we employed evolutionary bioinformatics, biotechnological and electrophysiological approaches to determine the role of two important K+ transporters HvAKT2 and HvHAK1 in drought tolerance in barley. HvAKT2 and HvHAK1 were cloned and functionally characterized using barley stripe mosaic virus-induced gene silencing (BSMV-VIGS) in drought-tolerant wild barley XZ5 and agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer in the barley cultivar Golden Promise. The hallmarks of the K+ selective filters of AKT2 and HAK1 are both found in homologues from strepotophyte algae, and they are evolutionarily conserved in strepotophyte algae and land plants. HvAKT2 and HvHAK1 are both localized to the plasma membrane and have high selectivity to K+ and Rb+ over other tested cations. Overexpression of HvAKT2 and HvHAK1 enhanced K+ uptake and H+ homoeostasis leading to drought tolerance in these transgenic lines. Moreover, HvAKT2- and HvHAK1-overexpressing lines showed distinct response of K+ , H+ and Ca2+ fluxes across plasma membrane and production of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide in leaves as compared to the wild type and silenced lines. High- and low-affinity K+ uptake mechanisms and their coordination with H+ homoeostasis play essential roles in drought adaptation of wild barley. These findings can potentially facilitate future breeding programs for resilient cereal crops in a changing global climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Feng
- Department of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Wenxing Liu
- Department of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Cheng‐Wei Qiu
- Department of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- Department of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Department of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zhong‐Hua Chen
- School of ScienceHawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSWAustralia
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain IndustryCollege of AgricultureYangtze UniversityJingzhouChina
| | - Feibo Wu
- Department of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Selvaraj MG, Jan A, Ishizaki T, Valencia M, Dedicova B, Maruyama K, Ogata T, Todaka D, Yamaguchi‐Shinozaki K, Nakashima K, Ishitani M. Expression of the CCCH-tandem zinc finger protein gene OsTZF5 under a stress-inducible promoter mitigates the effect of drought stress on rice grain yield under field conditions. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:1711-1721. [PMID: 31930666 PMCID: PMC7336284 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Increasing drought resistance without sacrificing grain yield remains an ongoing challenge in crop improvement. In this study, we report that Oryza sativa CCCH-tandem zinc finger protein 5 (OsTZF5) can confer drought resistance and increase grain yield in transgenic rice plants. Expression of OsTZF5 was induced by abscisic acid, dehydration and cold stress. Upon stress, OsTZF5-GFP localized to the cytoplasm and cytoplasmic foci. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsTZF5 under the constitutive maize ubiquitin promoter exhibited improved survival under drought but also growth retardation. By introducing OsTZF5 behind the stress-responsive OsNAC6 promoter in two commercial upland cultivars, Curinga and NERICA4, we obtained transgenic plants that showed no growth retardation. Moreover, these plants exhibited significantly increased grain yield compared to non-transgenic cultivars in different confined field drought environments. Physiological analysis indicated that OsTZF5 promoted both drought tolerance and drought avoidance. Collectively, our results provide strong evidence that OsTZF5 is a useful biotechnological tool to minimize yield losses in rice grown under drought conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Asad Jan
- Biological Resources and Post‐harvest DivisionJapan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS)TsukubaIbarakiJapan
- Present address:
Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringThe University of AgriculturePeshawarKhyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan
| | - Takuma Ishizaki
- Tropical Agriculture Research Front (TARF)Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS)IshigakiOkinawaJapan
| | - Milton Valencia
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)CaliColombia
| | - Beata Dedicova
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)CaliColombia
| | - Kyonoshin Maruyama
- Biological Resources and Post‐harvest DivisionJapan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS)TsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Takuya Ogata
- Biological Resources and Post‐harvest DivisionJapan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS)TsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Daisuke Todaka
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyGraduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoBunkyo‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuko Yamaguchi‐Shinozaki
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyGraduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoBunkyo‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuo Nakashima
- Biological Resources and Post‐harvest DivisionJapan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS)TsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Manabu Ishitani
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)CaliColombia
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
le Roux MSL, Burger NFV, Vlok M, Kunert KJ, Cullis CA, Botha AM. Wheat Line "RYNO3936" Is Associated With Delayed Water Stress-Induced Leaf Senescence and Rapid Water-Deficit Stress Recovery. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1053. [PMID: 32760414 PMCID: PMC7372113 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Random mutagenesis was applied to produce a new wheat mutant (RYNO3926) with superior characteristics regarding tolerance to water deficit stress induced at late booting stage. The mutant also displays rapid recovery from water stress conditions. Under water stress conditions mutant plants reached maturity faster and produced more seeds than its wild type wheat progenitor. Wild-type Tugela DN plants died within 7 days after induction of water stress induced at late booting stage, while mutant plants survived by maintaining a higher relative moisture content (RMC), increased total chlorophyll, and a higher photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance. Analysis of the proteome of mutant plants revealed that they better regulate post-translational modification (SUMOylation) and have increased expression of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) proteins. Mutant plants also expressed unique proteins associated with dehydration tolerance including abscisic stress-ripening protein, cold induced protein, cold-responsive protein, dehydrin, Group 3 late embryogenesis, and a lipoprotein (LAlv9) belonging to the family of lipocalins. Overall, our results suggest that our new mutant RYNO3936 has a potential for inclusion in future breeding programs to improve drought tolerance under dryland conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maré Vlok
- Proteomics Unit, Central Analytical Facilities, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Karl J. Kunert
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Christopher A. Cullis
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Anna-Maria Botha
- Department of Genetics, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Manan S. Current status of crops genetic transformation. MINERVA BIOTECNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.23736/s1120-4826.20.02606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
67
|
Zhou L, Hao Y, Lu G, Wang P, Guo H, Cheng H. Cloning and functional analysis of AmDUF1517 promoter from Ammopiptanthus mongolicus. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 130:233-238. [PMID: 32448733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Domains of unknown function protein family 1517 (DUF1517) in Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, could be induced by abiotic stresses, whose upstream regulatory sequence might be an ideal source of abiotic-induced promoter. In this study, a 1026-bp promoter of AmDUF1517 from A. mongolicus was cloned. Five deletion fragments (Full, Q1-Q4) of different length of the AmDUF1517 promoter were fused with the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter and transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana. The deletion analysis showed that sequences Full, Q1 and Q3 responded well to mannitol, NaCl and 4 °C stresses, while Q2 and Q4 segments did not. The Q3 fragment (280 bp; -280 to -1 bp) showed the highest promoter activity under normal and mannitol, NaCl and 4 °C conditions. The result suggested that Q3 in the AmDUF1517 gene promoter could be a new source of induced promoters for abiotic resistance breeding in plant genetic engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhou
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiong Hao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Peilin Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiming Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Cheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Li T, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Li X, Hao G, Han Q, Dirk LMA, Downie AB, Ruan YL, Wang J, Wang G, Zhao T. Raffinose synthase enhances drought tolerance through raffinose synthesis or galactinol hydrolysis in maize and Arabidopsis plants. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:8064-8077. [PMID: 32366461 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Raffinose and its precursor galactinol accumulate in plant leaves during abiotic stress. RAFFINOSE SYNTHASE (RAFS) catalyzes raffinose formation by transferring a galactosyl group of galactinol to sucrose. However, whether RAFS contributes to plant drought tolerance and, if so, by what mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we report that expression of RAFS from maize (or corn, Zea mays) (ZmRAFS) is induced by drought, heat, cold, and salinity stresses. We found that zmrafs mutant maize plants completely lack raffinose and hyper-accumulate galactinol and are more sensitive to drought stress than the corresponding null-segregant (NS) plants. This indicated that ZmRAFS and its product raffinose contribute to plant drought tolerance. ZmRAFS overexpression in Arabidopsis enhanced drought stress tolerance by increasing myo-inositol levels via ZmRAFS-mediated galactinol hydrolysis in the leaves due to sucrose insufficiency in leaf cells and also enhanced raffinose synthesis in the seeds. Supplementation of sucrose to detached leaves converted ZmRAFS from hydrolyzing galactinol to synthesizing raffinose. Taken together, we demonstrate that ZmRAFS enhances plant drought tolerance through either raffinose synthesis or galactinol hydrolysis, depending on sucrose availability in plant cells. These results provide new avenues to improve plant drought stress tolerance through manipulation of the raffinose anabolic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xudong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guanglong Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qinghui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lynnette M A Dirk
- Department of Horticulture, Seed Biology, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - A Bruce Downie
- Department of Horticulture, Seed Biology, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yong-Ling Ruan
- Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement and School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoying Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China .,The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Wheat Heat Shock Factor TaHsfA6f Increases ABA Levels and Enhances Tolerance to Multiple Abiotic Stresses in Transgenic Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093121. [PMID: 32354160 PMCID: PMC7247712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stresses are major constraints limiting crop growth and production. Heat shock factors (Hsfs) play significant roles in mediating plant resistance to various environmental stresses, including heat, drought and salinity. In this study, we explored the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of wheat TaHsfA6f in plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses. Gene expression profiles showed that TaHsfA6f has relatively high expression levels in wheat leaves at the reproductive stage. Transcript levels of TaHsfA6f were substantially up-regulated by heat, dehydration, salinity, low temperature, and multiple phytohormones, but was not induced by brassinosteroids (BR). Subcellular localization analyses revealed that TaHsfA6f is localized to the nucleus. Overexpression of the TaHsfA6f gene in Arabidopsis results in improved tolerance to heat, drought and salt stresses, enhanced sensitivity to exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), and increased accumulation of ABA. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing data demonstrated that TaHsfA6f functions through up-regulation of a number of genes involved in ABA metabolism and signaling, and other stress-associated genes. Collectively, these results provide evidence that TaHsfA6f participates in the regulation of multiple abiotic stresses, and that TaHsfA6f could serve as a valuable gene for genetic modification of crop abiotic stress tolerance.
Collapse
|
70
|
Cochetel N, Ghan R, Toups HS, Degu A, Tillett RL, Schlauch KA, Cramer GR. Drought tolerance of the grapevine, Vitis champinii cv. Ramsey, is associated with higher photosynthesis and greater transcriptomic responsiveness of abscisic acid biosynthesis and signaling. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:55. [PMID: 32019503 PMCID: PMC7001288 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grapevine is an economically important crop for which yield and berry quality is strongly affected by climate change. Large variations in drought tolerance exist across Vitis species. Some of these species are used as rootstock to enhance abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. In this study, we investigated the physiological and transcriptomic responses to water deficit of four different genotypes that differ in drought tolerance: Ramsey (Vitis champinii), Riparia Gloire (Vitis riparia), Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera), and SC2 (Vitis vinifera x Vitis girdiana). RESULTS Ramsey was particularly more drought tolerant than the other three genotypes. Ramsey maintained a higher stomatal conductance and photosynthesis at equivalent levels of moderate water deficit. We identified specific and common transcriptomic responses shared among the four different Vitis species using RNA sequencing analysis. A weighted gene co-expression analysis identified a water deficit core gene set with the ABA biosynthesis and signaling genes, NCED3, RD29B and ABI1 as potential hub genes. The transcript abundance of many abscisic acid metabolism and signaling genes was strongly increased by water deficit along with genes associated with lipid metabolism, galactinol synthases and MIP family proteins. This response occurred at smaller water deficits in Ramsey and with higher transcript abundance than the other genotypes. A number of aquaporin genes displayed differential and unique responses to water deficit in Ramsey leaves. Genes involved in cysteine biosynthesis and metabolism were constitutively higher in the roots of Ramsey; thus, linking the gene expression of a known factor that influences ABA biosynthesis to this genotype's increased NCED3 transcript abundance. CONCLUSION The drought tolerant Ramsey maintained higher photosynthesis at equivalent water deficit than the three other grapevine genotypes. Ramsey was more responsive to water deficit; its transcriptome responded at smaller water deficits, whereas the other genotypes did not respond until more severe water deficits were reached. There was a common core gene network responding to water deficit for all genotypes that included ABA metabolism and signaling. The gene clusters and sub-networks identified in this work represent interesting gene lists to explore and to better understand drought tolerance molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noé Cochetel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA
| | - Ryan Ghan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA
| | - Haley S. Toups
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA
| | - Asfaw Degu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA
- Present address: College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Richard L. Tillett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA
| | - Karen A. Schlauch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA
| | - Grant R. Cramer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Liu Y, Zhang L, Meng S, Liu Y, Zhao X, Pang C, Zhang H, Xu T, He Y, Qi M, Li T. Expression of galactinol synthase from Ammopiptanthus nanus in tomato improves tolerance to cold stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:435-449. [PMID: 31616940 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soluble carbohydrates not only directly affect plant growth and development but also act as signal molecules in processes that enhance tolerance to cold stress. Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) are an example and play an important role in abiotic stress tolerance. This study aimed to determine whether galactinol, a key limiting factor in RFO biosynthesis, functions as a signal molecule in triggering cold tolerance. Exposure to low temperatures induces the expression of galactinol synthase (AnGolS1) in Ammopiptanthus nanus, a desert plant that survives temperatures between -30 °C to 47 °C. AnGolS1 has a greater catalytic activity than tomato galactinol synthase (SlGolS2). Moreover, SlGolS2 is expressed only at low levels. Expression of AnGolS1 in tomato enhanced cold tolerance and led to changes in the sugar composition of the seeds and seedlings. AnGolS1 transgenic tomato lines exhibited an enhanced capacity for ethylene (ET) signaling. The application of galactinol abolished the repression of the ET signaling pathway by 1-methylcyclopropene during seed germination. In addition, the expression of ERF transcription factors was increased. Galactinol may therefore act as a signal molecule affecting the ET pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YuDong Liu
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, PR China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenhe District, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenhe District, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenhe District, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenhe District, PR China
| | - SiDa Meng
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, PR China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenhe District, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenhe District, PR China
| | - YuFeng Liu
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, PR China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenhe District, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenhe District, PR China
| | - XiaOmeng Zhao
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, PR China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenhe District, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenhe District, PR China
| | - ChunPeng Pang
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, PR China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenhe District, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenhe District, PR China
| | - HuiDong Zhang
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, PR China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenhe District, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenhe District, PR China
| | - Tao Xu
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, PR China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenhe District, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenhe District, PR China
| | - Yi He
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, PR China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenhe District, PR China
| | - MingFang Qi
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, PR China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenhe District, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenhe District, PR China
| | - Tianlai Li
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, PR China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenhe District, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenhe District, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Cui LH, Byun MY, Oh HG, Kim SJ, Lee J, Park H, Lee H, Kim WT. Poaceae Type II Galactinol Synthase 2 from Antarctic Flowering Plant Deschampsia antarctica and Rice Improves Cold and Drought Tolerance by Accumulation of Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides in Transgenic Rice Plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:88-104. [PMID: 31513272 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Deschampsia antarctica is a Poaceae grass that has adapted to and colonized Antarctica. When D. antarctica plants were subjected to cold and dehydration stress both in the Antarctic field and in laboratory experiments, galactinol, a precursor of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) and raffinose were highly accumulated, which was accompanied by upregulation of galactinol synthase (GolS). The Poaceae monocots have a small family of GolS genes, which are divided into two distinct groups called types I and II. Type II GolSs are highly expanded in cold-adapted monocot plants. Transgenic rice plants, in which type II D. antarctica GolS2 (DaGolS2) and rice GolS2 (OsGolS2) were constitutively expressed, were markedly tolerant to cold and drought stress as compared to the wild-type rice plants. The RFO contents and GolS enzyme activities were higher in the DaGolS2- and OsGolS2-overexpressing progeny than in the wild-type plants under both normal and stress conditions. DaGolS2 and OsGolS2 overexpressors contained reduced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) relative to the wild-type plants after cold and drought treatments. Overall, these results suggest that Poaceae type II GolS2s play a conserved role in D. antarctica and rice in response to drought and cold stress by inducing the accumulation of RFO and decreasing ROS levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Hua Cui
- Division of Life Science, Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Mi Young Byun
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea
| | - Hyeong Geun Oh
- Division of Life Science, Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sung Jin Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea
| | - Jungeun Lee
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea
- Polar Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Hyun Park
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea
- Polar Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Hyoungseok Lee
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea
- Polar Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Woo Taek Kim
- Division of Life Science, Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Czarnocka W, Rusaczonek A, Willems P, Sujkowska-Rybkowska M, Van Breusegem F, Karpiński S. Novel Role of JAC1 in Influencing Photosynthesis, Stomatal Conductance, and Photooxidative Stress Signalling Pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1124. [PMID: 32849690 PMCID: PMC7403226 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of light absorption under variable light conditions is essential to optimize photosynthetic and acclimatory processes in plants. Light energy absorbed in excess has a damaging effect on chloroplasts and can lead to cell death. Therefore, plants have evolved protective mechanisms against excess excitation energy that include chloroplast accumulation and avoidance responses. One of the proteins involved in facilitating chloroplast movements in Arabidopsis thaliana is the J domain-containing protein required for chloroplast accumulation response 1 (JAC1). The function of JAC1 relates to the chloroplast actin filaments appearance and disappearance. So far, the role of JAC1 was studied mainly in terms of chloroplasts photorelocation. Here, we demonstrate that the function of JAC1 is more complex, since it influences the composition of photosynthetic pigments, the efficiency of photosynthesis, and the CO2 uptake rate. JAC1 has positive effect on water use efficiency (WUE) by reducing stomatal aperture and water vapor conductance. Importantly, we show that the stomatal aperture regulation is genetically coupled with JAC1 activity. In addition, our data demonstrate that JAC1 is involved in the fine-tuning of H2O2 foliar levels, antioxidant enzymes activities and cell death after UV-C photooxidative stress. This work uncovers a novel function for JAC1 in affecting photosynthesis, CO2 uptake, and photooxidative stress responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Weronika Czarnocka,
| | - Anna Rusaczonek
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrick Willems
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Takahashi F, Kuromori T, Urano K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K. Drought Stress Responses and Resistance in Plants: From Cellular Responses to Long-Distance Intercellular Communication. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:556972. [PMID: 33013974 PMCID: PMC7511591 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.556972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The drought stress responses of vascular plants are complex regulatory mechanisms because they include various physiological responses from signal perception under water deficit conditions to the acquisition of drought stress resistance at the whole-plant level. It is thought that plants first recognize water deficit conditions in roots and that several molecular signals then move from roots to shoots. Finally, a phytohormone, abscisic acid (ABA) is synthesized mainly in leaves. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of stress sensors and the regulators that initiate ABA biosynthesis in response to drought stress conditions are still unclear. Another important issue is how plants adjust ABA propagation, stress-mediated gene expression and metabolite composition to acquire drought stress resistance in different tissues throughout the whole plant. In this review, we summarize recent advances in research on drought stress responses, focusing on long-distance signaling from roots to shoots, ABA synthesis and transport, and metabolic regulation in both cellular and whole-plant levels of Arabidopsis and crops. We also discuss coordinated mechanisms for acquiring drought stress adaptations and resistance via tissue-to-tissue communication and long-distance signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Takahashi
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Fuminori Takahashi,
| | - Takashi Kuromori
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Kaoru Urano
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Ahkami AH, Wang W, Wietsma TW, Winkler T, Lange I, Jansson C, Lange BM, McDowell NG. Metabolic shifts associated with drought-induced senescence in Brachypodium. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 289:110278. [PMID: 31623774 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic underpinnings of plant survival under severe drought-induced senescence conditions are poorly understood. In this study, we assessed the morphological, physiological and metabolic responses to sustained water deficit in Brachypodium distachyon, a model organism for research on temperate grasses. Relative to control plants, fresh biomass, leaf water potential, and chlorophyll levels decreased rapidly in plants grown under drought conditions, demonstrating an early onset of senescence. The leaf C/N ratio and protein content showed an increase in plants subjected to drought stress. The concentrations of several small molecule carbohydrates and amino acid-derived metabolites previously implicated in osmotic protection increased rapidly in plants experiencing water deficit. Malic acid, a low molecular weight organic acid with demonstrated roles in stomatal closure, also increased rapidly as a response to drought treatment. The concentrations of prenyl lipids, such as phytol and α-tocopherol, increased early during the drought treatment but then dropped dramatically. Surprisingly, continued changes in the quantities of metabolites were observed, even in samples harvested from visibly senesced plants. The data presented here provide insights into the processes underlying persistent metabolic activity during sustained water deficit and can aid in identifying mechanisms of drought tolerance in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir H Ahkami
- The Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA.
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- Earth Systems Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA
| | - Thomas W Wietsma
- The Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA
| | - Tanya Winkler
- The Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA
| | - Iris Lange
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and M.J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Christer Jansson
- The Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA
| | - B Markus Lange
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and M.J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Earth Systems Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Li H, Han X, Liu X, Zhou M, Ren W, Zhao B, Ju C, Liu Y, Zhao J. A leucine-rich repeat-receptor-like kinase gene SbER2-1 from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) confers drought tolerance in maize. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:737. [PMID: 31615416 PMCID: PMC6794760 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ERECTA (ER) is a leucine-rich repeat-receptor-like kinase gene (LRR-RLK) encoding a protein isolated from Arabidopsis. Although the regulatory functions of ER genes have been widely explored in plant development and disease resistance, their roles in drought stress responses remain to be clarified. RESULTS In this study, we cloned and characterized two ER genes, SbER1-1 and SbER2-1, from the drought-tolerant model plant sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Under drought stress, the two genes were expressed in the leaves and stems but not in the roots, and SbER2-1 transcript accumulation in the stem was increased. SbER2-1 was localized both on the plasma membrane and in the chloroplast. Moreover, SbER2-1 expression in Arabidopsis and maize conferred increased drought tolerance, especially in regard to water-use efficiency, increasing the net photosynthetic rate in maize under drought stress. Based on RNA-Seq analysis together with the physiological data, we conclude that the transgenic maize plants have upregulated phenylpropanoid metabolism and increased lignin accumulation under drought stress. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that SbER2-1 plays an important role in response to drought stress. Furthermore, photosynthetic systems and phenylpropanoid metabolism are implicated in SbER2-1-mediated drought stress tolerance mechanisms. The use of genetic engineering to regulate SbER2-1 expression in plants and to breed new varieties tolerant to drought is a research field full of potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanshuai Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxiang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaoyi Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingbing Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanli Ju
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiuran Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Rodrigues J, Inzé D, Nelissen H, Saibo NJM. Source-Sink Regulation in Crops under Water Deficit. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:652-663. [PMID: 31109763 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To meet the food demands of an increasing world population, it is necessary to improve crop production; a task that is made more challenging by the changing climate. Several recent reports show that increasing the capacity of plants to assimilate carbon (source strength), or to tap into the internal carbon reservoir (sink strength), has the potential to improve plant productivity in the field under water-deficit conditions. Here, we review the effects of water deficit on the source-sink communication, as well as the respective regulatory mechanisms underpinning plant productivity. We also highlight stress-tolerant traits that can contribute to harness source and sink strengths towards producing high-yielding and drought-tolerant crops, depending on the drought scenario.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Rodrigues
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, UNL, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Nelson J M Saibo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, UNL, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Physiological and Proteomic Responses of Mulberry Trees ( Morus alba. L.) to Combined Salt and Drought Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102486. [PMID: 31137512 PMCID: PMC6566768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intensive investigations have been conducted on the effect of sole drought or salinity stress on the growth of plants. However, there is relatively little knowledge on how plants, particularly woody species, respond to a combination of these two stresses although these stresses can simultaneously occur in the field. In this study, mulberry, an economically important resource for traditional medicine, and the sole food of domesticated silkworms was subjected to a combination of salt and drought stress and analyzed by physiological methods and TMT-based proteomics. Stressed mulberry exhibited significant alteration in physiological parameters, including root/shoot ratio, chlorophyll fluorescence, total carbon, and ion reallocation. A total of 577 and 270 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified from the stressed leaves and roots, respectively. Through KEGG analysis, these DEPs were assigned to multiple pathways, including carbon metabolism, photosynthesis, redox, secondary metabolism, and hormone metabolism. Among these pathways, the sucrose related metabolic pathway was distinctly enriched in both stressed leaves and roots, indicating an important contribution in mulberry under stress condition. The results provide a comprehensive understanding of the adaptive mechanism of mulberry in response to salt and drought stress, which will facilitate further studies on innovations in terms of crop performance.
Collapse
|
79
|
Yu L, Liu Y, Xu F. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals significant differences in the regulation of gene expression between hydrogen cyanide- and ethylene-treated Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:92. [PMID: 30832566 PMCID: PMC6399987 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is a small gaseous molecule that is predominantly produced as an equimolar co-product of ethylene (ET) biosynthesis in plants. The function of ET is of great concern and is well studied; however, the function of HCN is largely unknown. Similar to ET, HCN is a simple and diffusible molecule that has been shown to play a regulatory role in the control of some metabolic processes in plants. Nevertheless, it is still controversial whether HCN should be regarded as a signalling molecule, and the cross-talk between HCN and ET in gene expression regulation remains unclear. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to compare the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HCN and ET in Arabidopsis. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were subsequently performed to investigate the function and pathway enrichment of DEGs. Parts of key genes were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS The results showed that at least 1305 genes and 918 genes were significantly induced by HCN and ET, respectively. Interestingly, a total of 474 genes (|log2 FC| ≥1) were co-regulated by HCN and ET. GO and KEGG analyses indicated that the co-regulated genes by HCN and ET were enriched in plant responses to stress and plant hormone signal transduction pathways, indicating that HCN may cooperate with ET and participate in plant growth and development and stress responses. However, a total of 831 genes were significantly induced by HCN but not by ET, indicating that in addition to ET, HCN is in essence a key signalling molecule in plants. Importantly, our data showed that the possible regulatory role of a relatively low concentration of HCN does not depend on ET feedback induction, although there are some common downstream components were observed. CONCLUSION Our findings provide a valuable resource for further exploration and understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanisms of HCN in plants and provide novel insight into HCN cross-talk with ET and other hormones in the regulation of plant growth and plant responses to environmental stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Yu
- Applied Biotechnology Center, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan, 430415 China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Fei Xu
- Applied Biotechnology Center, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan, 430415 China
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Khadka VS, Vaughn K, Xie J, Swaminathan P, Ma Q, Cramer GR, Fennell AY. Transcriptomic response is more sensitive to water deficit in shoots than roots of Vitis riparia (Michx.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:72. [PMID: 30760212 PMCID: PMC6375209 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought is an important constraint on grapevine sustainability. Vitis riparia, widely used in rootstock and scion breeding, has been studied in isolated leaf drying response studies; however, it is essential to identify key root and shoot water deficit signaling traits in intact plants. This information will aid improved scion and rootstock selection and management practices in grapevine. RNAseq data were generated from V. riparia roots and shoots under water deficit and well-watered conditions to determine root signaling and shoot responses to water deficit. RESULTS Shoot elongation, photosynthetic rate, and stomatal conductance were significantly reduced in water deficit (WD) treated than in well-watered grapevines. RNAseq analysis indicated greater transcriptional differences in shoots than in roots under WD, with 6925 and 1395 genes differentially expressed, respectively (q-value < 0.05). There were 50 and 25 VitisNet pathways significantly enriched in WD relative to well-watered treatments in grapevine shoots and roots, respectively. The ABA biosynthesis genes beta-carotene hydroxylase, zeaxanthin epoxidase, and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenases were up-regulated in WD root and WD shoot. A positive enrichment of ABA biosynthesis genes and signaling pathways in WD grapevine roots indicated enhanced root signaling to the shoot. An increased frequency of differentially expressed reactive oxygen species scavenging (ROS) genes were found in the WD shoot. Analyses of hormone signaling genes indicated a strong ABA, auxin, and ethylene network and an ABA, cytokinin, and circadian rhythm network in both WD shoot and WD root. CONCLUSIONS This work supports previous findings in detached leaf studies suggesting ABA-responsive binding factor 2 (ABF2) is a central regulator in ABA signaling in the WD shoot. Likewise, ABF2 may have a key role in V. riparia WD shoot and WD root. A role for ABF3 was indicated only in WD root. WD shoot and WD root hormone expression analysis identified strong ABA, auxin, ethylene, cytokinin, and circadian rhythm signaling networks. These results present the first ABA, cytokinin, and circadian rhythm signaling network in roots under water deficit. These networks point to organ specific regulators that should be explored to further define the communication network from soil to shoot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vedbar Singh Khadka
- McFadden BioStress Laboratory, Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006 USA
- JABSOM Bioinformatics Core, Department of Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Kimberley Vaughn
- McFadden BioStress Laboratory, Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006 USA
| | - Juan Xie
- McFadden BioStress Laboratory, Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006 USA
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006 USA
| | - Padmapriya Swaminathan
- McFadden BioStress Laboratory, Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006 USA
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006 USA
| | - Qin Ma
- McFadden BioStress Laboratory, Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006 USA
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006 USA
| | - Grant R. Cramer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV USA
| | - Anne Y. Fennell
- McFadden BioStress Laboratory, Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006 USA
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006 USA
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Xu C, Xia C, Xia Z, Zhou X, Huang J, Huang Z, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Casteel S, Zhang C. Physiological and transcriptomic responses of reproductive stage soybean to drought stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:1611-1624. [PMID: 30099610 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The dynamic alterations of the physiological and molecular processes in reproductive stage soybean indicated the dramatic impact caused by drought. Drought is a major abiotic stress that limits soybean (Glycine max) production. Most prior studies were focused on either model species or crops that are at their vegetative stages. It is known that the reproductive stage of soybean is more susceptible to drought. Therefore, an understanding on the responsive mechanisms during this stage will not only be important for basic plant physiology, but the knowledge can also be used for crop improvement via either genetic engineering or molecular breeding. In this study, physiological measurements and RNA-Seq analysis were used to dissect the metabolic alterations and molecular responses in the leaves of soybean grown at drought condition. Photosynthesis rate, stomata conductance, transpiration, and water potential were reduced. The activities of SOD and CAT were increased, while the activity of POD stayed unchanged. A total of 2771 annotated genes with at least twofold changes were found to be differentially expressed in the drought-stressed plants in which 1798 genes were upregulated and 973 were downregulated. Via KEGG analysis, these genes were assigned to multiple molecular pathways, including ABA biogenesis, compatible compound accumulation, secondary metabolite synthesis, fatty acid desaturation, plant transcription factors, etc. The large number of differentially expressed genes and the diverse pathways indicated that soybean employs complicated mechanisms to cope with drought. Some of the identified genes and pathways can be used as targets for genetic engineering or molecular breeding to improve drought resistance in soybean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congshan Xu
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chao Xia
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xia
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Xiangjun Zhou
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | | | - Yan Liu
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- The Institute of Sericulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiwei Jiang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Shaun Casteel
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Cankui Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Liu C, Sun Q, Zhao L, Li Z, Peng Z, Zhang J. Heterologous Expression of the Transcription Factor EsNAC1 in Arabidopsis Enhances Abiotic Stress Resistance and Retards Growth by Regulating the Expression of Different Target Genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1495. [PMID: 30374363 PMCID: PMC6196249 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Heterologous expression of a transcription factor (TF) gene in a related species is a useful method for crop breeding and the identification of gene function. The differences in phenotype and target gene expression between HE lines (with the heterologous expression of an ortholog) and OX lines (with an overexpressed native gene) must be understood. EsNAC1, encoding a NAC protein and the ortholog of RD26 in Arabidopsis, was cloned from Eutrema salsugineum and introduced into Arabidopsis. The heterologous expression of EsNAC1 retarded the vegetative growth of Arabidopsis, and the transgenic plants (HE lines) showed much greater resistance to salt and oxidative stress than the wild type, Col-0. The HE lines accumulated 2.8-fold (8-h light) of starch, 1.42-fold of Chlorophyll a and 1.31-fold of Chlorophyll b than Col-0 during the light period, with obvious differences compared to the RD26OX line. A genome-wide ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis)-on-chip assay revealed that EsNAC1 targeted promoters of different genes compared to RD26. In HE lines, EsNAC1 could specifically upregulate the expression level of TF genes NAC DOMAIN CONTAINING PROTEIN 62 (ANAC062), INTEGRASE-TYPE DNA-BINDING PROTEIN (TINY2), and MYB HYPOCOTYL ELONGATION-RELATED (MYBH) to show more effective abiotic stress resistance than RD26OX lines. Moreover, DELTA1-PYRROLINE-5-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE 1 (P5CS1), TRYPTOPHAN BIOSYNTHESIS 2 (TRP2) or GALACTINOL SYNTHASE 2 (GOLS2), was also specifically regulated by EsNAC1 to retard the vegetative growth of HE lines, but not the brassinosteroid singling pathway in RD26OX lines. These differences in phenotypes and metabolism between the HE lines and the RD26OX line implied that the differential features could be produced from the diversity of target genes in the transgenic plants when the ortholog was introduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Juren Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Xiong H, Yu J, Miao J, Li J, Zhang H, Wang X, Liu P, Zhao Y, Jiang C, Yin Z, Li Y, Guo Y, Fu B, Wang W, Li Z, Ali J, Li Z. Natural Variation in OsLG3 Increases Drought Tolerance in Rice by Inducing ROS Scavenging. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:451-467. [PMID: 30068540 PMCID: PMC6130013 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Improving the performance of rice (Oryza sativa) under drought stress has the potential to significantly affect rice productivity. Here, we report that the ERF family transcription factor OsLG3 positively regulates drought tolerance in rice. In our previous work, we found that OsLG3 has a positive effect on rice grain length without affecting grain quality. In this study, we found that OsLG3 was more strongly expressed in upland rice than in lowland rice under drought stress conditions. By performing candidate gene association analysis, we found that natural variation in the promoter of OsLG3 is associated with tolerance to osmotic stress in germinating rice seeds. Overexpression of OsLG3 significantly improved the tolerance of rice plants to simulated drought, whereas suppression of OsLG3 resulted in greater susceptibility. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the tolerant allele of OsLG3 may improve drought tolerance in cultivated japonica rice. Introgression lines and complementation transgenic lines containing the elite allele of OsLG3IRAT109 showed increased drought tolerance, demonstrating that natural variation in OsLG3 contributes to drought tolerance in rice. Further investigation suggested that OsLG3 plays a positive role in drought stress tolerance in rice by inducing reactive oxygen species scavenging. Collectively, our findings reveal that natural variation in OsLG3 contributes to rice drought tolerance and that the elite allele of OsLG3 is a promising genetic resource for the development of drought-tolerant rice varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of the Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of the Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinli Miao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of the Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of the Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of the Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of the Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pengli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of the Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of the Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chonghui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of the Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhigang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of the Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of the Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Binying Fu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wensheng Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhikang Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jauhar Ali
- International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila 1301, Philippines
| | - Zichao Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of the Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Dwivedi SL, Siddique KHM, Farooq M, Thornton PK, Ortiz R. Using Biotechnology-Led Approaches to Uplift Cereal and Food Legume Yields in Dryland Environments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1249. [PMID: 30210519 PMCID: PMC6120061 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Drought and heat in dryland agriculture challenge the enhancement of crop productivity and threaten global food security. This review is centered on harnessing genetic variation through biotechnology-led approaches to select for increased productivity and stress tolerance that will enhance crop adaptation in dryland environments. Peer-reviewed literature, mostly from the last decade and involving experiments with at least two seasons' data, form the basis of this review. It begins by highlighting the adverse impact of the increasing intensity and duration of drought and heat stress due to global warming on crop productivity and its impact on food and nutritional security in dryland environments. This is followed by (1) an overview of the physiological and molecular basis of plant adaptation to elevated CO2 (eCO2), drought, and heat stress; (2) the critical role of high-throughput phenotyping platforms to study phenomes and genomes to increase breeding efficiency; (3) opportunities to enhance stress tolerance and productivity in food crops (cereals and grain legumes) by deploying biotechnology-led approaches [pyramiding quantitative trait loci (QTL), genomic selection, marker-assisted recurrent selection, epigenetic variation, genome editing, and transgene) and inducing flowering independent of environmental clues to match the length of growing season; (4) opportunities to increase productivity in C3 crops by harnessing novel variations (genes and network) in crops' (C3, C4) germplasm pools associated with increased photosynthesis; and (5) the adoption, impact, risk assessment, and enabling policy environments to scale up the adoption of seed-technology to enhance food and nutritional security. This synthesis of technological innovations and insights in seed-based technology offers crop genetic enhancers further opportunities to increase crop productivity in dryland environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muhammad Farooq
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoud, Oman
- University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Philip K. Thornton
- CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Vinson CC, Mota APZ, Oliveira TN, Guimaraes LA, Leal-Bertioli SCM, Williams TCR, Nepomuceno AL, Saraiva MAP, Araujo ACG, Guimaraes PM, Brasileiro ACM. Early responses to dehydration in contrasting wild Arachis species. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198191. [PMID: 29847587 PMCID: PMC5976199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild peanut relatives (Arachis spp.) are genetically diverse and were selected throughout evolution to a range of environments constituting, therefore, an important source of allelic diversity for abiotic stress tolerance. In particular, A. duranensis and A. stenosperma, the parents of the reference Arachis A-genome genetic map, show contrasting transpiration behavior under limited water conditions. This study aimed to build a comprehensive gene expression profile of these two wild species under dehydration stress caused by the withdrawal of hydroponic nutrient solution. For this purpose, roots of both genotypes were collected at seven time-points during the early stages of dehydration and used to construct cDNA paired-end libraries. Physiological analyses indicated initial differences in gas exchange parameters between the drought-tolerant genotype of A. duranensis and the drought-sensitive genotype of A. stenosperma. High-quality Illumina reads were mapped against the A. duranensis reference genome and resulted in the identification of 1,235 and 799 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) that responded to the stress treatment in roots of A. duranensis and A. stenosperma, respectively. Further analysis, including functional annotation and identification of biological pathways represented by these DEGs confirmed the distinct gene expression behavior of the two contrasting Arachis species genotypes under dehydration stress. Some species-exclusive and common DEGs were then selected for qRT-PCR analysis, which corroborated the in silico expression profiling. These included genes coding for regulators and effectors involved in drought tolerance responses, such as activation of osmosensing molecular cascades, control of hormone and osmolyte content, and protection of macromolecules. This dataset of transcripts induced during the dehydration process in two wild Arachis genotypes constitute new tools for the understanding of the distinct gene regulation processes in these closely related species but with contrasting drought responsiveness. In addition, our findings provide insights into the nature of drought tolerance in wild germoplasm, which might be explored as novel sources of diversity and useful wild alleles to develop climate-resilient crop varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Cleo Vinson
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, CP, Final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF–Brazil
- Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF–Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Zotta Mota
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, CP, Final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF–Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Campus do Vale, Porto Alegre, RS—Brazil
| | - Thais Nicolini Oliveira
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, CP, Final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF–Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Campus do Vale, Porto Alegre, RS—Brazil
| | - Larissa Arrais Guimaraes
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, CP, Final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF–Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ana Claudia Guerra Araujo
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, CP, Final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF–Brazil
| | | | - Ana C. M. Brasileiro
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, CP, Final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF–Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
You J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Dossa K, Li D, Zhou R, Wang L, Zhang X. Genome-wide identification and expression analyses of genes involved in raffinose accumulation in sesame. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29531231 PMCID: PMC5847563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22585-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important oilseed crop. However, multiple abiotic stresses severely affect sesame growth and production. Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), such as raffinose and stachyose, play an important role in desiccation tolerance of plants and developing seeds. In the present study, three types of key enzymes, galactinol synthase (GolS), raffinose synthase (RafS) and stachyose synthase (StaS), responsible for the biosynthesis of RFOs were identified at the genome-wide scale in sesame. A total of 7 SiGolS and 15 SiRS genes were identified in the sesame genome. Transcriptome analyses showed that SiGolS and SiRS genes exhibited distinct expression profiles in different tissues and seed developmental stages. Comparative expression analyses under various abiotic stresses indicated that most of SiGolS and SiRS genes were significantly regulated by drought, osmotic, salt, and waterlogging stresses, but slightly affected by cold stress. The up-regulation of several SiGolS and SiRS genes by multiple abiotic stresses suggested their active implication in sesame abiotic stress responses. Taken together, these results shed light on the RFOs-mediated abiotic stress resistance in sesame and provide a useful framework for improving abiotic stress resistance of sesame through genetic engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun You
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Special Economic Crop Research Center of Shandon Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Cotton Research Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Komivi Dossa
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Centre d'Etudes Régional pour l'Amélioration de l'Adaptation à la Sécheresse (CERAAS), BP 3320 Route de Khombole, Thiès, Senegal
| | - Donghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Linhai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xiurong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Abstract
A variety of chemicals produced by plants, often referred to as 'phytochemicals', have been used as medicines, food, fuels and industrial raw materials. Recent advances in the study of genomics and metabolomics in plant science have accelerated our understanding of the mechanisms, regulation and evolution of the biosynthesis of specialized plant products. We can now address such questions as how the metabolomic diversity of plants is originated at the levels of genome, and how we should apply this knowledge to drug discovery, industry and agriculture. Our research group has focused on metabolomics-based functional genomics over the last 15 years and we have developed a new research area called 'Phytochemical Genomics'. In this review, the development of a research platform for plant metabolomics is discussed first, to provide a better understanding of the chemical diversity of plants. Then, representative applications of metabolomics to functional genomics in a model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, are described. The extension of integrated multi-omics analyses to non-model specialized plants, e.g., medicinal plants, is presented, including the identification of novel genes, metabolites and networks for the biosynthesis of flavonoids, alkaloids, sulfur-containing metabolites and terpenoids. Further, functional genomics studies on a variety of medicinal plants is presented. I also discuss future trends in pharmacognosy and related sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University.,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Falavigna VDS, Porto DD, Miotto YE, dos Santos HP, de Oliveira PRD, Margis-Pinheiro M, Pasquali G, Revers LF. Evolutionary diversification of galactinol synthases in Rosaceae: adaptive roles of galactinol and raffinose during apple bud dormancy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:1247-1259. [PMID: 29373762 PMCID: PMC6018919 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Galactinol synthase (GolS) is a key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), which play roles in carbon storage, signal transduction, and osmoprotection. The present work assessed the evolutionary history of GolS genes across the Rosaceae using several bioinformatic tools. Apple (Malus × domestica) GolS genes were transcriptionally characterized during bud dormancy, in parallel with galactinol and raffinose measurements. Additionally, MdGolS2, a candidate to regulate seasonal galactinol and RFO content during apple bud dormancy, was functionally characterized in Arabidopsis. Evolutionary analyses revealed that whole genome duplications have driven GolS gene evolution and diversification in Rosaceae speciation. The strong purifying selection identified in duplicated GolS genes suggests that differential gene expression might define gene function better than protein structure. Interestingly, MdGolS2 was differentially expressed during bud dormancy, concomitantly with the highest galactinol and raffinose levels. One of the intrinsic adaptive features of bud dormancy is limited availability of free water; therefore, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing MdGolS2. They showed higher galactinol and raffinose contents and increased tolerance to water deficit. Our results suggest that MdGolS2 is the major GolS responsible for RFO accumulation during apple dormancy, and these carbohydrates help to protect dormant buds against limited water supply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vítor da Silveira Falavigna
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Márcia Margis-Pinheiro
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo Pasquali
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Jang JH, Shang Y, Kang HK, Kim SY, Kim BH, Nam KH. Arabidopsis galactinol synthases 1 (AtGOLS1) negatively regulates seed germination. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 267:94-101. [PMID: 29362103 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination begins the growth phases of plants and its rate is affected not only by plant hormones, including abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA) and brassinosteroids (BRs), but also by environmental factors. In this study, we searched for additional chemical reagents that affect seed germination, using the det2-1 and ga1-3 mutants that showed reduced seed germination due to defective BR- or GA- biosynthesis, respectively. We found that the reducing reagent dithiothreitol (DTT) specifically enhanced seed germination of det2-1 compared with that of ga1-3. To further investigate the underlying molecular mechanism for this phenomenon, we identified AtGOLS1 as a differentially expressed gene in germinating seeds treated with DTT by GeneFishing analysis. AtGOLS1 encodes a galactinol synthase, critical for the first step in raffinose family oligosaccharides synthesis during seed maturation. We observed that expression of AtGOLS1 decreased when conditions were favorable for seed germination. We also determined that the seed germination rate was faster in T-DNA knockout atgols1 mutant and transgenic plants transformed with an RNA interference construct targeting AtGOLS1 compared with wild type plants. The double mutant of det2-1 and atgols1 also suppressed the reduced seed germination of the det2-1. Taken together, our results suggest that AtGOLS1 acts as a negative regulator in seed germination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Shang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Beg Hab Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Hee Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Zhang L, Wu M, Teng Y, Jia S, Yu D, Wei T, Chen C, Song W. Overexpression of the Glutathione Peroxidase 5 ( RcGPX5) Gene From Rhodiola crenulata Increases Drought Tolerance in Salvia miltiorrhiza. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1950. [PMID: 30687353 PMCID: PMC6333746 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Excessive cellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to environmental stresses can critically disrupt plant development and negatively affect productivity. Plant glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) play an important role in ROS scavenging by catalyzing the reduction of H2O2 and other organic hydroperoxides to protect plant cells from oxidative stress damage. RcGPX5, a member of the GPX gene family, was isolated from a traditional medicinal plant Rhodiola crenulata and constitutively expressed in Salvia miltiorrhiza under control of the CaMV 35S promoter. Transgenic plants showed increased tolerance to oxidative stress caused by application of H2O2 and drought, and had reduced production of malondialdehyde (MDA) compared with the wild type. Under drought stress, seedlings of the transgenic lines wilted later than the wild type and recovered growth 1 day after re-watering. In addition, the reduced glutathione (GSH) and total glutathione (T-GSH) contents were higher in the transgenic lines, with increased enzyme activities including glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and GPX. These changes prevent H2O2 and O2 - accumulation in cells of the transgenic lines compared with wild type. Overexpression of RcGPX5 alters the relative expression levels of multiple endogenous genes in S. miltiorrhiza, including transcription factor genes and genes in the ROS and ABA pathways. In particular, RcGPX5 expression increases the mass of S. miltiorrhiza roots while reducing the concentration of the active ingredients. These results show that heterologous expression of RcGPX5 in S. miltiorrhiza can affect the regulation of multiple biochemical pathways to confer tolerance to drought stress, and RcGPX5 might act as a competitor with secondary metabolites in the S. miltiorrhiza response to environmental stimuli.
Collapse
|
91
|
Takahashi F, Kuromori T, Sato H, Shinozaki K. Regulatory Gene Networks in Drought Stress Responses and Resistance in Plants. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1081:189-214. [PMID: 30288711 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1244-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plant responses to drought stress have been analyzed extensively to reveal complex regulatory gene networks, including the detection of water deficit signals, as well as the physiological, cellular, and molecular responses. Plants recognize water deficit conditions at their roots and transmit this signal to their shoots to synthesize abscisic acid (ABA) in their leaves. ABA is a key phytohormone that regulates physiological and molecular responses to drought stress, such as stomatal closure, gene expression, and the accumulation of osmoprotectants and stress proteins. ABA transporters function as the first step for propagating synthesized ABA. To prevent water loss, ABA influx in guard cells is detected by several protein kinases, such as SnRK2s and MAPKs that regulate stomatal closure. ABA mediates a wide variety of gene expression machineries with stress-responsive transcription factors, including DREBs and AREBs, to acquire drought stress resistance in whole tissues. In this chapter, we summarize recent advances in drought stress signaling, focusing on gene networks in cellular and intercellular stress responses and drought resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Takahashi
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kuromori
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hikaru Sato
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|