51
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Han Y, Wang J, Song L, Zheng Y, Li Y, Lin H, Li Q, Chi L. A Fundamental Role of the Molecular Length in Forming Metal-Organic Hybrids of Phenol Derivatives on Silver Surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:1869-1875. [PMID: 33586446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In on-surface chemistry, the efficient preparation of metal-organic hybrids is regarded as a primary path to mediate controlled synthesis of well-ordered low-dimensional organic nanostructures. The fundamental mechanisms in forming these hybrid structures, however, are so far insufficiently explored. Here, with scanning tunneling microscopy, we studied the bonding behavior of the adsorbed phenol derivatives with different molecular lengths. We reveal that shorter molecules favor bonding with extracted metal adatoms and result in metal-organic hybrids, whereas longer molecules prefer to bond with lattice metal atoms. The conclusions are further confirmed by density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Han
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Junbo Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Luying Song
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yuanjing Zheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Haiping Lin
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Qing Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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52
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Lin Y, Huang Z, Wen X, Rong W, Peng Z, Diao M, Xing L, Dai J, Zhou X, Wu K. Steering Effect of Bromine on Intermolecular Dehydrogenation Coupling of Poly( p-phenylene) on Cu(111). ACS NANO 2020; 14:17134-17141. [PMID: 33237718 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Among the multitudinous methodologies to steer on-surface reactions, less attention has been paid to the effect of externally introduced halogen atoms. Herein, highly selective trans-dehydrogenation coupling at the specific meta-C-H site of two poly(p-phenylene) molecules, p-quaterphenyl (Ph4) and p-quinquephenyl (Ph5), is achieved on Cu(111) by externally introduced bromine atoms. Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy experiments reveal that the formed molecular assembly structure at a stoichiometric ratio of 4:1 for Br to Ph4 or 5:1 for Br to Ph5 can efficiently promote the reactive collision probability to trigger the trans-coupling reaction at the meta-C-H site between two neighboring Ph4 or Ph5 molecules, leading to an increase in the coupling selectivity. Such Br atoms can also affect the electronic structure and adsorption stability of the reacting molecules. It is conceptually demonstrated that externally introduced halogen atoms, which can provide an adjustable halogen-to-precursor stoichiometry, can be employed to efficiently steer on-surface reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Lin
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhichao Huang
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaojie Wen
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenhui Rong
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhantao Peng
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mengxiao Diao
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lingbo Xing
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jingxin Dai
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiong Zhou
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kai Wu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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53
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Hendrich CM, Sekine K, Koshikawa T, Tanaka K, Hashmi ASK. Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Gold Catalysis for Materials Science. Chem Rev 2020; 121:9113-9163. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph M. Hendrich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Kohei Sekine
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Takumi Koshikawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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54
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Lin H, Wang Z, Wang H, Gao J, Ding H, Xu Y, Li Q, Guo Q, Ma Z, Yang X, Pan M. In Situ Observation of Stepwise C-H Bond Scission: Deciphering the Catalytic Selectivity of Ethylbenzene-to-Styrene Conversion on TiO 2. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9850-9855. [PMID: 33170716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of light alkanes to olefins is crucial to the chemical industry. The quest for improved catalytic performance for this conversion is motivated by current drawbacks including: expensive noble metal catalysts, poor conversion, low selectivity, and fast decay of efficiency. The in situ visualization of complex catalysis at the atomic level is therefore a major advance in the rational framework upon building the future catalysts. Herein, the catalytic C-H bond activations of ethylbenzene on TiO2(110)-(1 × 1) were explored with high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy and first-principles calculations. We report that the first C-H bond scission is a two-step process that can be triggered by either heat or ultraviolet light at 80 K, with near 100% selectivity of β-CH bond cleavage. This work provides fundamental understanding of C-H bonds cleavage of ethylbenzene on metal oxides, and it may promote the design of new catalysts for selective styrene production under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Lin
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Haochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianzhi Gao
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Haoxuan Ding
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Yong Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhibo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Minghu Pan
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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55
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Amirjalayer S, Bakker A, Freitag M, Glorius F, Fuchs H. Cooperation of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes on a Gold Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21230-21235. [PMID: 32822093 PMCID: PMC7702088 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Atomically precise tailoring of interface structures is crucial for developing functional materials. We demonstrate an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) based molecular tool, which modifies the structure of a gold surface with atomic accuracy by the formation of gold nanorods. After adsorption on the gold surface, individual surface atoms are pulled out by the NHCs, generating single-atom surface defects and mobile NHC-Au species. Atomistic calculations reveal that these molecular "ballbots" can act as assembling tools to dislocate individual surface atoms. The predicted functionality of these carbene-based complexes is confirmed by scanning tunneling microscopy measurements. Cooperative operation of these NHC-Au species induces a step-wise formation of gold nanorods. Consequently, the surface is re-structured by a zipper-type mechanism. Our work presents a foundation to utilize molecular-based nanotools to design surface structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Amirjalayer
- Physikalisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätWilhelm-Klemm-Straße 1048149MünsterGermany
- Center for NanotechnologyHeisenbergstraße 1148149MünsterGermany
- Center for Multiscale Theory and ComputationWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Anne Bakker
- Physikalisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätWilhelm-Klemm-Straße 1048149MünsterGermany
- Center for NanotechnologyHeisenbergstraße 1148149MünsterGermany
| | - Matthias Freitag
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Harald Fuchs
- Physikalisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätWilhelm-Klemm-Straße 1048149MünsterGermany
- Center for NanotechnologyHeisenbergstraße 1148149MünsterGermany
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56
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Zhou DD, Wang J, Chen P, He Y, Wu JX, Gao S, Zhong Z, Du Y, Zhong D, Zhang JP. On-surface isostructural transformation from a hydrogen-bonded network to a coordination network for tuning the pore size and guest recognition. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1272-1277. [PMID: 34163889 PMCID: PMC8179111 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05147k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rational manipulation of supramolecular structures on surfaces is of great importance and challenging. We show that imidazole-based hydrogen-bonded networks on a metal surface can transform into an isostructural coordination network for facile tuning of the pore size and guest recognition behaviours. Deposition of triangular-shaped benzotrisimidazole (H3btim) molecules on Au(111)/Ag(111) surfaces gives honeycomb networks linked by double N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds. While the H3btim hydrogen-bonded networks on Au(111) evaporate above 453 K, those on Ag(111) transform into isostructural [Ag3(btim)] coordination networks based on double N-Ag-N bonds at 423 K, by virtue of the unconventional metal-acid replacement reaction (Ag reduces H+). The transformation expands the pore diameter of the honeycomb networks from 3.8 Å to 6.9 Å, giving remarkably different host-guest recognition behaviours for fullerene and ferrocene molecules based on the size compatibility mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Pin Chen
- National Supercomputer Center in Guangzhou, School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yangyong He
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Jun-Xi Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Sen Gao
- National Supercomputer Center in Guangzhou, School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zhihao Zhong
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Yunfei Du
- National Supercomputer Center in Guangzhou, School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Dingyong Zhong
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Jie-Peng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
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57
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Structural characterisation of molecular conformation and the incorporation of adatoms in an on-surface Ullmann-type reaction. Commun Chem 2020; 3:166. [PMID: 36703404 PMCID: PMC9814584 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The on-surface synthesis of covalently bonded materials differs from solution-phase synthesis in several respects. The transition from a three-dimensional reaction volume to quasi-two-dimensional confinement, as is the case for on-surface synthesis, has the potential to facilitate alternative reaction pathways to those available in solution. Ullmann-type reactions, where the surface plays a role in the coupling of aryl-halide functionalised species, has been shown to facilitate extended one- and two-dimensional structures. Here we employ a combination of scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray standing wave (XSW) analysis to perform a chemical and structural characterisation of the Ullmann-type coupling of two iodine functionalised species on a Ag(111) surface held under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. Our results allow characterisation of molecular conformations and adsorption geometries within an on-surface reaction and provide insight into the incorporation of metal adatoms within the intermediate structures of the reaction.
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58
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Leng X, Li W, Liu X, Wang L. Direct observation of meta-selective C-H activation on Pd(1 1 1) by scanning tunneling microscopy. Chem Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2020.110981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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59
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Amirjalayer S, Bakker A, Freitag M, Glorius F, Fuchs H. Kooperative Zusammenarbeit von N‐heterocyclischen Carbenen auf einer Goldoberfläche. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Amirjalayer
- Physikalisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Nanotechnology Heisenbergstraße 11 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Anne Bakker
- Physikalisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Nanotechnology Heisenbergstraße 11 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Matthias Freitag
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Harald Fuchs
- Physikalisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Nanotechnology Heisenbergstraße 11 48149 Münster Deutschland
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60
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Ji P, Galeotti G, De Marchi F, Cui D, Sun K, Zhang H, Contini G, Ebrahimi M, MacLean O, Rosei F, Chi L. Oxygen-Induced 1D to 2D Transformation of On-Surface Organometallic Structures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2002393. [PMID: 32761784 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
While surface-confined Ullmann-type coupling has been widely investigated for its potential to produce π-conjugated polymers with unique properties, the pathway of this reaction in the presence of adsorbed oxygen has yet to be explored. Here, the effect of oxygen adsorption between different steps of the polymerization reaction is studied, revealing an unexpected transformation of the 1D organometallic (OM) chains to 2D OM networks by annealing, rather than the 1D polymer obtained on pristine surfaces. Characterization by scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that the networks consist of OM segments stabilized by chemisorbed oxygen at the vertices of the segments, as supported by density functional theory calculations. Hexagonal 2D OM networks with different sizes on Cu(111) can be created using precursors with different length, either 4,4″-dibromo-p-terphenyl or 1,4-dibromobenzene (dBB), and square networks are obtained from dBB on Cu(100). The control over size and symmetry illustrates a versatile surface patterning technique, with potential applications in confined reactions and host-guest chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Centre Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Gianluca Galeotti
- Centre Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Fabrizio De Marchi
- Centre Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Daling Cui
- Centre Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Kewei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Giorgio Contini
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia CNR, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Roma, 00133, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Tor Vergata, Roma, 00133, Italy
| | - Maryam Ebrahimi
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 95 Oliver Road Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Oliver MacLean
- Centre Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Federico Rosei
- Centre Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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61
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Yin C, Peng Z, Liu D, Song H, Zhu H, Chen Q, Wu K. Selective Intramolecular Dehydrocyclization of Co-Porphyrin on Au(111). Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173766. [PMID: 32824933 PMCID: PMC7503656 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The on-surface C–H bond activation and coupling reaction is a powerful approach to constructing fine-tuned surface nanostructures. It is quite challenging to control its regioselectivity due to the inertness of the C–H bond involved. With scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, the C–H activation and sequential intramolecular dehydrocyclization of meso-tetra(p-methoxyphenyl)porphyrinatocobalt(II) was explored on Au(111), showing that the methoxy groups in the molecule could kinetically mediate the selectivity of the intramolecular reaction over its intermolecular coupling counterpart. The experimental results demonstrate that the introduced protecting group could help augment the selectivity of such on-surface reaction, which can be applied to the precise fabrication of functional surface nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kai Wu
- Correspondence: (Q.C.); (K.W.)
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62
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Du Q, Pu W, Sun Z, Yu P. On-Surface Synthesis of All-cis Standing Phenanthrene Polymers upon Selective C-H Bond Activation. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5022-5028. [PMID: 32510950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis has emerged as a powerful approach to the atomically precise fabrication of molecular architectures with potential applications in nanotechnology. However, it is challenging to synthesize molecular structures that can protrude from the surface such as polymer chains forming by the molecules with upright conformations, since most of the on-surface reaction products, particularly the conjugated structures, prefer to adsorb parallel on the surface to maximize the molecule-substrate interaction. Here, we show an up-standing phenanthrene polymer chain with an all-cis configuration obtained by on-surface synthesis upon highly selective C-H activation. Using bond-resolved nc-AFM imaging, the reaction route of polymers from an in-plane to an all-cis upright conformation is fully characterized, and the reaction mechanism is further revealed in combination with first principles calculations. Our results on this selective dehydrogenation induced upright-oriented polymer chains that will enrich the toolbox for the on-surface synthesis of novel molecular structures and may provide new insights on designing optimized precursors for preparing three-dimensional molecular frameworks through on-surface synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Du
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwen Pu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoru Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
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63
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Abstract
In the past decade, on-surface chemistry has provided fascinating concepts for the construction of covalently bonded molecular nanostructures and the exploration of new synthetic pathways that may be different from chemical synthesis in solution. Although the intermolecular reaction of precursor molecules may lead to the formation of the desired low-dimensional molecular architectures, it remains challenging to realize defect-free syntheses over large areas. Recently, intramolecular on-surface reactions have attracted increasing attention because they offer promising ways to synthesize functional organic molecules, especially those with extended conjugated π-systems. In this Perspective, we summarize the recent achievements in the field of on-surface intramolecular reactions and discuss future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Bin Dong
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
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64
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Kong N, Fan X, Liu F, Wang L, Lin H, Li Y, Lee ST. Single Vanadium Atoms Anchored on Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a High-Performance Catalyst for Non-oxidative Propane Dehydrogenation. ACS NANO 2020; 14:5772-5779. [PMID: 32374154 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In comparison with oil-based cracking technologies, the on-purpose dehydrogenation of propane (PDH) is a more eco-friendly and profitable approach to produce propylene. By means of density functional theory calculations, the present work reveals that the single vanadium (V) atom anchored on graphitic carbon nitride (V1/g-C3N4) may serve as a promising single-atom catalyst for non-oxidative PDH with industrially practical activity, selectivity, and thermal stability. The high activity of V1/g-C3N4 for PDH is attributed to the low-coordinated 3d orbitals of single V atoms, while the propylene selectivity is originated from the inhibition of the di-σ binding mode of propylene on the single V atoms. This work provides a guideline to design and screen out promising single-atom catalysts for selective dehydrogenation of alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Kong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Fan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Lin
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuit-Tong Lee
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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65
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Yuan B, Li C, Zhao Y, Gröning O, Zhou X, Zhang P, Guan D, Li Y, Zheng H, Liu C, Mai Y, Liu P, Ji W, Jia J, Wang S. Resolving Quinoid Structure in Poly(para-phenylene) Chains. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10034-10041. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingkai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Can Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Oliver Gröning
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Xieyu Zhou
- Department of Physics, Renmin University, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - DanDan Guan
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yaoyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Canhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yiyong Mai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peinian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Physics, Renmin University, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Jinfeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shiyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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66
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Liu Y, Vancso GJ. Polymer single chain imaging, molecular forces, and nanoscale processes by Atomic Force Microscopy: The ultimate proof of the macromolecular hypothesis. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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67
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Dynamic co-catalysis of Au single atoms and nanoporous Au for methane pyrolysis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1919. [PMID: 32317638 PMCID: PMC7174348 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocatalysts and single-atom catalysts are both vital for heterogeneous catalysis. They are recognized as two different categories of catalysts. Nevertheless, recent theoretical works have indicated that Au nanoparticles/clusters release Au single atoms in CO oxidation, and they co-catalyze the oxidation. However, to date, neither experimental evidence for the co-catalysis nor direct observations on any heterogeneous catalysis process of single-atom catalysts are reported. Here, the dynamic process of nanoporous Au to catalyze methane pyrolysis is monitored by in situ transmission electron microscopy with high spatial–temporal resolutions. It demonstrates that nanoporous Au surfaces partially disintegrate, releasing Au single atoms. As demonstrated by DFT calculation, the single atoms could co-catalyze the reaction with nanoporous Au. Moreover, the single atoms dynamically aggregate into nanoparticles, which re-disintegrate back to single atoms. This work manifests that under certain conditions, the heterogeneous catalysis processes of nanocatalysts and single-atom catalysts are not independent, where their dynamic co-catalysis exists. Nanocatalysts and single‐atom catalysts are generally considered as two categories with distinct performances. Here, in situ TEM study of catalytic methane pyrolysis over nanoporous Au reveals a highly dynamic process where co‐catalysis exists among various catalyst forms.
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68
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Lu H, Wenlong E, Ma Z, Yang X. Organometallic polymers synthesized from prochiral molecules by a surface-assisted synthesis on Ag(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:8141-8145. [PMID: 32248207 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06893g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organometallic polymers can be successfully synthesized on a Ag(111) surface via a surface-assisted synthesis by choosing prochiral 4,4'-dibromo-2,2'-bis(2-phenylethynyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (DBPB) molecules as the designed precursor. High-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy investigation reveals that prochiral molecules show chirality on a surface and can evolve into organometallic chains on the Ag(111) surface based on Ullmann coupling. Due to the special structural features of DBPB molecules, chiral selectivity will be lost in the organometallic polymers. This result may provide an important basis for selecting suitable precursors to fabricate chiral covalent nanostructures on a surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457, Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - E Wenlong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457, Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhibo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457, Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, P. R. China.
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457, Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, P. R. China. and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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69
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Lu H, E W, Cai L, Ma Z, Xu W, Yang X. Dissymmetric On-Surface Dehalogenation Reaction Steered by Preformed Self-Assembled Structure. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1867-1872. [PMID: 32073272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ullmann coupling of 4,4″-dibromo-p-terphenyl (DBTP) thermally catalyzed on a Ag(111) surface was studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. Detailed experimental measurement shows that the Ullmann coupling reaction pathways of DBTP molecules can be controlled by pre-self-assembly, and the dissymmetric dehalogenation reaction is realized. Moreover, self-assembly of the reactants in a rectangular network undergoes a dissymmetric debromination transfer to a newly observed rhombic network formed by organometallic dimers prior to the formation of longer symmetric organometallic intermediates on a Ag(111) surface, while the ladder assembled phase is more likely to induce the symmetric debromination reaction and converts into the symmetric organometallic intermediate. These findings help us to understand the essentials of the dissymmetric dehalogenation reaction that originated from a symmetric compound and pave new avenues for advancing the emerging field of on-surface synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong E
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Cai
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Zhibo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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70
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71
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Schultz JF, Yang B, Jiang N. Direct observation of the geometric isomer selectivity of a reaction controlled via adsorbed bromine. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:2726-2731. [PMID: 31950967 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09857g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Methods to improve the specificity of stereoselective reactions are paramount to the viability of reaction-based processes. Surface-bound methods are a powerful means to carry out reactions with selectivity in the pursuit of specific products or nanoarchitectures through bottom-up assembly. The Ullmann-like coupling reaction has come to represent one of the most useful methods to form two-dimensional structures through covalent couplings of aromatic molecules following the dissociation of an aryl carbon-halide bond. The leaving halogen atoms are proven to remain adsorbed on the surface and can be deleterious to the fabrication of larger conjugated superstructures. However, on Au(100) we have found the leaving halogen atoms generate a new adsorbate surface that leads to geometric isomer selectivity compared to the unmodified metal surface. The covalent coupling of 3,6-dibromo-phenanthrenequinone (DBPQ) was studied and leaving bromine atoms were found to form self-assembled islands and modify the reconstruction of Au(100). Subsequently, the coupling reaction yielded total selectivity towards a radical trans dimer when surrounded by bromine atoms, while only cis dimers were observed on the undecorated Au surface. This selectivity induced by bromine networks on the surface ultimately results in another potent way to control the stereoselectivity of surface-bound coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy F Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.
| | - Bing Yang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.
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72
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Chen H, Zhu H, Huang Z, Rong W, Wu K. Two-Sidedness of Surface Reaction Mediation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1902080. [PMID: 31418920 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A heterogeneous catalytic process involves many surface elementary steps that affect the overall catalytic performance in one way or another. In general, a high-performance heterogeneous catalyst should meet the main criteria: excellent catalytic activity and high selectivity toward target products. Using surface science techniques, the two-sidedness of the surface reaction mediations can be explored, from the perspectives of the surface and the molecule manipulations. The surface manipulation refers to a reaction that is mediated by composition and structure of the substrate as well as surface species, while the molecular manipulation relates to a reaction that is mediated by the reacting molecule via the precursor selection, environmental control, or external excitation. The best catalytic system should consist of the most efficient catalyst and the best suitable reacting molecule, in addition to its economic benefit and environmental amity. Recent research progress in surface reaction mediation is outlined, and its two-sidedness is governed by the Arrhenius equation. This should shed new light on the connection between basic theory and surface reaction mediation strategies. To conclude, challenges and possible opportunities are elaborated for efficient surface reaction mediations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhichao Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenhui Rong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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73
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Cai L, Kang F, Sun Q, Gao W, Yu X, Ma H, Yuan C, Xu W. The Stereoselective Formation of
trans
‐Cumulene through Dehalogenative Homocoupling of Alkenyl
gem
‐Dibromides on Cu(110). ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Cai
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Centre and College of Materials Science and EngineeringTongji University Shanghai 201804 P. R. China
| | - Faming Kang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Centre and College of Materials Science and EngineeringTongji University Shanghai 201804 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Centre and College of Materials Science and EngineeringTongji University Shanghai 201804 P. R. China
| | - Wenze Gao
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Centre and College of Materials Science and EngineeringTongji University Shanghai 201804 P. R. China
| | - Xin Yu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Centre and College of Materials Science and EngineeringTongji University Shanghai 201804 P. R. China
| | - Honghong Ma
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Centre and College of Materials Science and EngineeringTongji University Shanghai 201804 P. R. China
| | - Chunxue Yuan
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Centre and College of Materials Science and EngineeringTongji University Shanghai 201804 P. R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Centre and College of Materials Science and EngineeringTongji University Shanghai 201804 P. R. China
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74
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Li X, Zhang H, Chi L. On-Surface Synthesis of Graphyne-Based Nanostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804087. [PMID: 30592340 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The successful synthesis of stacking graphdiynes has stimulated numerous fascinating applications. However, it still remains challenging to prepare atomically precise 2D graphdiyne and other graphyne-based structures. The development of on-surface synthesis has contributed to many secondary graphyne-based structures that are directive in fabricating extended graphyne networks. Herein, the recent progress concerning on-surface synthesis of graphyne-based nanostructures, especially atomically precise graphdiyne nanowires, is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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75
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Palmino F, Loppacher C, Chérioux F. Photochemistry Highlights on On-Surface Synthesis. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2271-2280. [PMID: 31225692 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
On-surface chemistry is a promising way to achieve the bottom-up construction of covalently-bonded molecular precursors into extended atomically-precise polymers adsorbed on surfaces. These polymers exhibit unprecedented physical or chemical properties which are of great interest for various potential applications. These nanostructures were mainly obtained in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) on noble metal single-crystal surfaces by thermal annealing as stimulus to provoke the polymerization with a catalytic role of the surface adatoms. Nevertheless, photons are also a powerful source of energy to induce the formation of covalent architectures, even if it is less-used on surfaces than in solution. In this minireview, we discuss the photo-induced on-surface polymerization from the basic mechanisms of photochemistry to the formation of extended polymers on different kinds of surfaces, which are characterized by scanning probe microscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Palmino
- Institut FEMTO-ST, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, 15B avenue des Montboucons, F-25030, Besancon, France
| | - C Loppacher
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IM2NP, F-13397, Marseille, France
| | - F Chérioux
- Institut FEMTO-ST, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, 15B avenue des Montboucons, F-25030, Besancon, France
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76
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Merino-Díez N, Pérez Paz A, Li J, Vilas-Varela M, Lawrence J, Mohammed MSG, Berdonces-Layunta A, Barragán A, Pascual JI, Lobo-Checa J, Peña D, de Oteyza DG. Hierarchy in the Halogen Activation During Surface-Promoted Ullmann Coupling. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2305-2310. [PMID: 31328365 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Within the collection of surface-supported reactions currently accessible for the production of extended molecular nanostructures under ultra-high vacuum, Ullmann coupling has been the most successful in the controlled formation of covalent single C-C bonds. Particularly advanced control of this synthetic tool has been obtained by means of hierarchical reactivity, commonly achieved by the use of different halogen atoms that consequently display distinct activation temperatures. Here we report on the site-selective reactivity of certain carbon-halogen bonds. We use precursor molecules halogenated with bromine atoms at two non-equivalent carbon atoms and found that the Ullmann coupling occurs on Au(111) with a remarkable predilection for one of the positions. Experimental evidence is provided by means of scanning tunneling microscopy and core level photoemission spectroscopy, and a rationalized understanding of the observed preference is obtained from density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Merino-Díez
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- CIC nanoGUNE, Nanoscience Cooperative Research Center, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales - MPC, CISC-UPV/EHU, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pérez Paz
- School of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology, Yachay Tech University, 100119, Urcuqui, Ecuador
| | - Jingcheng Li
- CIC nanoGUNE, Nanoscience Cooperative Research Center, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Manuel Vilas-Varela
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - James Lawrence
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales - MPC, CISC-UPV/EHU, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mohammed S G Mohammed
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales - MPC, CISC-UPV/EHU, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro Berdonces-Layunta
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales - MPC, CISC-UPV/EHU, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ana Barragán
- Centro de Física de Materiales - MPC, CISC-UPV/EHU, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jose Ignacio Pascual
- CIC nanoGUNE, Nanoscience Cooperative Research Center, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jorge Lobo-Checa
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Dimas G de Oteyza
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales - MPC, CISC-UPV/EHU, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
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77
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Ren J, Cnudde M, Brünink D, Buss S, Daniliuc CG, Liu L, Fuchs H, Strassert CA, Gao HY, Doltsinis NL. On-Surface Reactive Planarization of Pt(II) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15396-15400. [PMID: 31361071 PMCID: PMC6856856 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A series of Pt(II) complexes with tetradentate luminophores has been designed, synthesized, and deposited on coinage metal surfaces with the aim to produce highly planar self‐assembled monolayers. Low‐temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal a significant initial nonplanarity for all complexes. A subsequent metal‐catalyzed separation of the nonplanar moiety at the bridging unit via the scission of a C−N bond is observed, leaving behind a largely planar core complex. The activation barrier of this bond scission process is found to depend strongly on the chemical nature of both bridging group and coordination plane, and to increase from Cu(111) through Ag(111) to Au(111).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindong Ren
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Marvin Cnudde
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Dana Brünink
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Buss
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lacheng Liu
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Harald Fuchs
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Cristian A Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hong-Ying Gao
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149, Münster, Germany.,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Nikos L Doltsinis
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
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78
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Ren J, Cnudde M, Brünink D, Buss S, Daniliuc CG, Liu L, Fuchs H, Strassert CA, Gao H, Doltsinis NL. Reaktive Oberflächenplanarisierung von Pt(II)‐Komplexen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jindong Ren
- Physikalisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech) Heisenbergstrasse 11 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Marvin Cnudde
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 28/30 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech) Heisenbergstrasse 11 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Dana Brünink
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Stefan Buss
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 28/30 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech) Heisenbergstrasse 11 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Lacheng Liu
- Physikalisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech) Heisenbergstrasse 11 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Harald Fuchs
- Physikalisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech) Heisenbergstrasse 11 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Cristian A. Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 28/30 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech) Heisenbergstrasse 11 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Hong‐Ying Gao
- Physikalisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech) Heisenbergstrasse 11 48149 Münster Deutschland
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Nikos L. Doltsinis
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
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79
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On-surface synthesis and characterization of individual polyacetylene chains. Nat Chem 2019; 11:924-930. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-019-0316-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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80
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Gutierrez A, Buchet M, Clair S. Persistent Homology to Quantify the Quality of Surface‐Supported Covalent Networks. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2286-2291. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Gutierrez
- Institute of Discrete MathematicsGraz University of Technology Steyrergasse 30 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Mickaël Buchet
- Institute of Discrete MathematicsGraz University of Technology Steyrergasse 30 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Sylvain Clair
- Aix Marseille Univ, Univ ToulonCNRS, IM2NP Marseille France
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81
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Wang CX, Chen JL, Shu CH, Shi KJ, Liu PN. On-surface synthesis of 2D COFs on Cu(111) via the formation of thermodynamically stable organometallic networks as the template. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:13222-13229. [PMID: 31179470 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01843c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Template-directed polymerization is an effective approach used to afford regular 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs), thus the regularity of the template is crucial for the quality of the resulting 2D COFs. For the Ullmann reactions on Cu(111), aryl iodides and bromides are activated at low temperature to form organometallic C-Cu-C structures, which lead to kinetic trapping and irregular organometallic networks. Therefore, the subsequent annealing step can only afford irregular 2D COFs. In this manuscript, the molecule 4,4''-dibromo-5'-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1':3',1''-terphenyl incorporated two Br terminals and one Cl terminal has been used to demonstrate different reactivities of a C-Cl bond and a C-Br bond via the hierarchical activation of the C-Br bond and the C-Cl bond on Cu(111). At room temperature, zigzag, armchair, and ring-like organometallic chains formed due to the activation of the C-Br bond to generate a C-Cu-C structure while C-Cl remained intact, illustrating that the C-Cl bond is more stable than C-Br. Further annealing at 433 K activated the C-Cl bond to produce regular organometallic networks as the thermodynamic product. Using the simpler molecule 1,3,5-tris(4-chlorophenyl)benzene as the precursor, the self-assembly of the intact molecules was observed on Cu(111) at 300 K without activation of the C-Cl bond. After annealing at 433 K, similar thermodynamically stable organometallic networks formed directly, which were used as a template to generate regular 2D COFs upon further annealing at 510 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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82
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Abstract
On-surface synthesis provides a route for the production of 1D and 2D covalently bonded polymeric structures. Such reactions are confined to the surface of a substrate and the catalytic properties of the substrate are often utilised to initiate the reaction. Recent studies have focused on the properties of various crystallographic planes of metallic substrates, as well as native surface features such as step-edges, in an effort to provide control over the pathway of the reaction and the resultant products. An alternative approach is to template the catalytic surface with a porous molecular overlayer; giving rise to well-defined surface regions within which an on-surface reaction may be confined. Here we present a methodology where macromolecular templates are used to confine an on-surface reaction. Cyclic porphyrin polymers, nanorings - consisting of 40 porphyrin units with internal diameter 13 nm, are used to form a template on a Au(111) surface, and an on-surface Ullmann-type coupling reaction is initiated within the nanoring template. The surface confined template and covalently coupled reaction products are investigated and characterised with scanning tunnelling microscopy.
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83
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Kang F, Xu W. On-Surface Synthesis of One-Dimensional Carbon-Based Nanostructures via C-X and C-H Activation Reactions. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2251-2261. [PMID: 31081259 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed the emergence of low-dimensional carbon-based nanostructures owing to their unique properties and various subsequent applications. It is of fundamental importance to explore ways to achieve atomically precise fabrication of these interesting structures. The newly developed on-surface synthesis approach provides an efficient strategy for this challenging issue, demonstrating the potential of atomically precise preparation of low-dimensional nanostructures. Up to now, the formation of various surface nanostructures, especially carbon-based ones, such as graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), kinds of organic (organometallic) chains and films, have been achieved via on-surface synthesis strategy, in which in-depth understanding of the reaction mechanism has also been explored. This review article will provide a general overview on the formation of one-dimensional carbon-based nanostructures via on-surface synthesis method. In this review, only a part of the on-surface chemical reactions (specifically, C-X (X=Cl, Br, I) and C-H activation reactions) under ultra-high vacuum conditions will be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faming Kang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center and, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center and, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
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84
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Li DY, Li SW, Xie YL, Hua X, Long YT, Wang A, Liu PN. On-surface synthesis of planar dendrimers via divergent cross-coupling reaction. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2414. [PMID: 31160575 PMCID: PMC6546735 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers are homostructural and highly branched macromolecules with unique dendritic effects and extensive use in multidisciplinary fields. Although thousands of dendrimers have been synthesized in solution, the on-surface synthetic protocol for planar dendrimers has never been explored, limiting the elucidation of the mechanism of dendritic effects at the single-molecule level. Herein, we describe an on-surface synthetic approach to planar dendrimers, in which exogenous palladium is used as a catalyst to address the divergent cross-coupling of aryl bromides with isocyanides. This reaction enables one aryl bromide to react with two isocyanides in sequential steps to generate the divergently grown product composed of a core and two branches with high selectivity and reactivity. Then, a dendron with four branches and dendrimers with eight or twelve branches in the outermost shell are synthesized on Au(111). This work opens the door for the on-surface synthesis of various planar dendrimers and relevant macromolecular systems. Although many strategies exist to synthesize dendrimers in solution, the synthesis of planar dendrimers on a surface has proven challenging. Here, the authors produce planar dendrimers through a divergent on-surface cross-coupling reaction between one aryl bromide and two isocyanides, which enables the growth of branches from a single reactive site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Shi-Wen Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yu-Li Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xin Hua
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - An Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Pei-Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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85
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Leng X, Li W, Liu X, Wang L. Direct observation of copper-induced role on Ullmann reaction by scanning tunneling microscopy. Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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86
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Galeotti G, De Marchi F, Taerum T, Besteiro LV, El Garah M, Lipton-Duffin J, Ebrahimi M, Perepichka DF, Rosei F. Surface-mediated assembly, polymerization and degradation of thiophene-based monomers. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5167-5175. [PMID: 31183070 PMCID: PMC6526482 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05267k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ullmann coupling of halogenated aromatics is widely used in on-surface synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) polymers and graphene nanoribbons. It stands out among other reactions for regioselectively connecting aromatic monomers into 1D and 2D π-conjugated polymers, whose final structure and properties are determined by the initial building blocks. Thanks to their exceptional electronic properties, thiophene-containing monomers are frequently used for the synthesis of various conjugated materials. On the other hand, their use in on-surface polymerization is hampered by the possibility of ring opening when adsorbed on metal surfaces. In the present work, we mapped the temperature regime for these two competing reactions by investigating the adsorption of a thiophene-based prochiral molecule using scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. We followed the formation of organometallic (OM) networks, their evolution into covalent structures and the competition between C-C coupling and thiophene ring opening. The effect of surface reactivity was explored by comparing the adsorption on three (111) coinage metal substrates, namely Au, Ag and Cu. While outlining strategies to minimize the ring opening reaction, we found that the surface temperature during deposition is of paramount importance for the preparation of 2D OM networks, greatly enhancing the overall ordering of the product by depositing on hot Ag surface. Notably, the same protocol permits the creation of OM structures on the air-stable Au surface, thereby allowing the synthesis and application of 2D OM networks outside the ultra-high vacuum environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Galeotti
- Centre Energie, Matériaux et Télécommunications , Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique , 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet , Varennes , Québec , Canada J3X 1S2 . ;
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia , CNR , Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100 , 00133 Roma , Italy
| | - F De Marchi
- Centre Energie, Matériaux et Télécommunications , Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique , 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet , Varennes , Québec , Canada J3X 1S2 . ;
| | - T Taerum
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , Quebec , Canada H3A 0B8 .
| | - L V Besteiro
- Centre Energie, Matériaux et Télécommunications , Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique , 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet , Varennes , Québec , Canada J3X 1S2 . ;
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054 , PR China
| | - M El Garah
- Centre Energie, Matériaux et Télécommunications , Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique , 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet , Varennes , Québec , Canada J3X 1S2 . ;
| | - J Lipton-Duffin
- Institute for Future Environments , Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , 2 George Street , Brisbane , 4001 QLD , Australia
| | - M Ebrahimi
- Centre Energie, Matériaux et Télécommunications , Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique , 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet , Varennes , Québec , Canada J3X 1S2 . ;
| | - D F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , Quebec , Canada H3A 0B8 .
| | - F Rosei
- Centre Energie, Matériaux et Télécommunications , Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique , 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet , Varennes , Québec , Canada J3X 1S2 . ;
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054 , PR China
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87
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Xing L, Peng Z, Li W, Wu K. On Controllability and Applicability of Surface Molecular Self-Assemblies. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:1048-1058. [PMID: 30896918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly (MSA) refers to spontaneous arrangement of molecular building blocks into ordered structures governed by weak interactions. Due to its high versatility and reversibility, MSA has been widely employed as a robust bottom-up approach to fabricating low-dimensional functional nanostructures, which are used in various applications in nanoscience and technology. To date, tremendous effort has been devoted to constructing various MSAs at surfaces, ranging from self-assembled monolayers and two-dimensional (2D) nanoporous networks to complex 2D quasicrystals and Sierpiński triangle fractals. However, precise control of the assembled structures and efficient achievement of their full applicability remain two major challenges in the MSA field. As another widely employed bottom-up approach to fabricating nanostructures, on-surface reaction (OSR) refers to a reaction that occurs on the surface and is two-dimensionally confined. OSR offers the possibility to synthesize compounds that may not be feasibly achieved in solution chemistry. Compared with MSA based on weak intermolecular interactions, OSR-based structures possess high thermal and chemical stabilities due to internal strong covalent bonds. In this Account, we briefly overview recent achievements of MSAs on single crystal metal surfaces with a focus on their controllability and applicability in tweaking the properties of the molecular building blocks involved. Emphasis will be particularly placed upon mediation of OSRs with the MSA strategy. To explore surface MSAs, on the one hand, scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy have been routinely employed as the experimental tools to probe the intermolecular interactions as well as geometric and electronic structures of the assemblies at the atomic and molecular levels. On the other hand, density functional theory and molecular dynamics have been theoretically applied to model and calculate the assembling systems, furthering our understanding of the experimental results. In principle, MSA is primarily balanced by molecule-molecule and molecule-substrate interactions under vacuum conditions. In terms of the assembling methodologies, people have been attempting to achieve rational design, accurate prediction, and controllable construction of assembled molecular nanostructures, namely, tentative design of specific backbones and functional groups of the molecular building blocks, and careful control of the assembling parameters including substrate lattice, temperature, coverage, and external environment as well. An obvious goal for the development of these methodologies lies in the ultimate applications of these MSAs. MSA can retrospectively affect the properties of the assembling molecules. For instance, self-assembled structures not only can serve as secondary templates to host guest molecules but also can stabilize surface metal adatoms. In fact, the electronics, magnetism, and optics of MSAs have been successfully explored. In surface chemistry, the MSA strategy can be further applied to mediate OSRs in at least three aspects: tweaking reaction selectivity, changing reaction pathway, and restricting reaction site. The governing principle lies in that the self-assembled molecules are confined in the assemblies so that the pre-exponential factors and the energy barriers in the Arrhenius equation of the involved reactions could be substantially varied because the subtle reaction mechanisms may change upon assembling. In this sense, the MSA strategy can be efficiently exploited to tune the properties of the assembling molecules and mediate OSRs in surface chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbo Xing
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhantao Peng
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wentao Li
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kai Wu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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88
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Clair S, de Oteyza DG. Controlling a Chemical Coupling Reaction on a Surface: Tools and Strategies for On-Surface Synthesis. Chem Rev 2019; 119:4717-4776. [PMID: 30875199 PMCID: PMC6477809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis is appearing as an extremely promising research field aimed at creating new organic materials. A large number of chemical reactions have been successfully demonstrated to take place directly on surfaces through unusual reaction mechanisms. In some cases the reaction conditions can be properly tuned to steer the formation of the reaction products. It is thus possible to control the initiation step of the reaction and its degree of advancement (the kinetics, the reaction yield); the nature of the reaction products (selectivity control, particularly in the case of competing processes); as well as the structure, position, and orientation of the covalent compounds, or the quality of the as-formed networks in terms of order and extension. The aim of our review is thus to provide an extensive description of all tools and strategies reported to date and to put them into perspective. We specifically define the different approaches available and group them into a few general categories. In the last part, we demonstrate the effective maturation of the on-surface synthesis field by reporting systems that are getting closer to application-relevant levels thanks to the use of advanced control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Clair
- Aix
Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France
| | - Dimas G. de Oteyza
- Donostia
International Physics Center, San
Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Centro
de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU-MPC, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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89
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Fritton M, Duncan DA, Deimel PS, Rastgoo-Lahrood A, Allegretti F, Barth JV, Heckl WM, Björk J, Lackinger M. The Role of Kinetics versus Thermodynamics in Surface-Assisted Ullmann Coupling on Gold and Silver Surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:4824-4832. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Fritton
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse 1, Garching 85748, Germany
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, Munich 80538, Germany
| | - David A. Duncan
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse 1, Garching 85748, Germany
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Peter S. Deimel
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse 1, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Atena Rastgoo-Lahrood
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse 1, Garching 85748, Germany
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, Munich 80538, Germany
| | - Francesco Allegretti
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse 1, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Johannes V. Barth
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse 1, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M. Heckl
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse 1, Garching 85748, Germany
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, Munich 80538, Germany
| | - Jonas Björk
- Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology, IFM, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Markus Lackinger
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse 1, Garching 85748, Germany
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, Munich 80538, Germany
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90
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Zhang X, Xue N, Li C, Li N, Wang H, Kocić N, Beniwal S, Palotás K, Li R, Xue Q, Maier S, Hou S, Wang Y. Coordination-Controlled C-C Coupling Products via ortho-Site C-H Activation. ACS NANO 2019; 13:1385-1393. [PMID: 30726665 PMCID: PMC6396320 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The coordination-restricted ortho-site C-H bond activation and dehydrogenative homocoupling of 4,4'-(1,3-phenylene)dipyridine (1,3-BPyB) and 4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)dipyridine (1,4-BPyB) on different metal surfaces were studied by a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy, noncontact atomic force microscopy, and density functional theory calculations. The coupling products on Cu(111) exhibited certain configurations subject to the spatial restriction of robust two-fold Cu-N coordination bonds. Compared to the V-shaped 1,3-BPyB, the straight backbone of 1,4-BPyB helped to further reduce the variety of reactive products. By utilizing the three-fold coordination of Fe atoms with 1,4-BPyB molecules on Au(111), a large-scale network containing single products was constructed. Our results offer a promising protocol for controllable on-surface synthesis with the aid of robust coordination interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Key
Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department
of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Na Xue
- Peking University
Information Technology Institute (Tianjin Binhai), Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Chao Li
- Key
Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department
of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Na Li
- Key
Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department
of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key
Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department
of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Nemanja Kocić
- Department
of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sumit Beniwal
- Department
of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Krisztián Palotás
- Institute
for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner
Research Center for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ruoning Li
- Key
Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department
of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiang Xue
- Key
Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department
of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Sabine Maier
- Department
of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Shimin Hou
- Key
Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department
of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking University
Information Technology Institute (Tianjin Binhai), Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Key
Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department
of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Academy
of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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91
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Pigot C, Dumur F. Recent Advances of Hierarchical and Sequential Growth of Macromolecular Organic Structures on Surface. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12040662. [PMID: 30813327 PMCID: PMC6416628 DOI: 10.3390/ma12040662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of macromolecular organic structures on surfaces is one major concern in materials science. Nanoribbons, linear polymers, and porous nanostructures have gained a lot of interest due to their possible applications ranging from nanotemplates, catalysis, optoelectronics, sensors, or data storage. During decades, supramolecular chemistry has constituted an unavoidable approach for the design of well-organized structures on surfaces displaying a long-range order. Following these initial works, an important milestone has been established with the formation of covalent bonds between molecules. Resulting from this unprecedented approach, various nanostructures of improved thermal and chemical stability compared to those obtained by supramolecular chemistry and displaying unique and unprecedented properties have been developed. However, a major challenge exists: the growth control is very delicate and a thorough understanding of the complex mechanisms governing the on-surface chemistry is still needed. Recently, a new approach consisting in elaborating macromolecular structures by combining consecutive steps has been identified as a promising strategy to elaborate organic structures on surface. By designing precursors with a preprogrammed sequence of reactivity, a hierarchical or a sequential growth of 1D and 2D structures can be realized. In this review, the different reaction combinations used for the design of 1D and 2D structures are reported. To date, eight different sequences of reactions have been examined since 2008, evidencing the intense research activity existing in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Pigot
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France.
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France.
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92
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Li J, Qian Y, Duan W, Zeng Q. Advances in the study of the host-guest interaction by using coronene as the guest molecule. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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93
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Ebeling D, Zhong Q, Schlöder T, Tschakert J, Henkel P, Ahles S, Chi L, Mollenhauer D, Wegner HA, Schirmeisen A. Adsorption Structure of Mono- and Diradicals on a Cu(111) Surface: Chemoselective Dehalogenation of 4-Bromo-3″-iodo- p-terphenyl. ACS NANO 2019; 13:324-336. [PMID: 30550265 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Selectivity is a key parameter for building customized organic nanostructures via bottom-up approaches. Therefore, strategies are needed that allow connecting molecular entities at a specific stage of the assembly process in a chemoselective manner. Studying the mechanisms of such reactions is the key to apply these transformations for the buildup of organic nanostructures on surfaces. Especially, the knowledge about the precise adsorption geometry of intermediates at different stages during the reaction process and their interactions with surface atoms or adatoms is of fundamental importance, since often catalytic processes are involved. We show the selective dehalogenation of 4-bromo-3″-iodo- p-terphenyl on the Cu(111) surface using bond imaging atomic force microscopy with CO-functionalized tips. The deiodination and debromination reactions are triggered either by heating or by locally applying voltage pulses with the tip. We observed a strong hierarchical behavior of the dehalogenation with respect to temperature and voltage. In connection with first-principles simulations we can determine the orientation and position of the pristine molecules as well as adsorbed mono/diradicals and the halogens. We find that the isolated radicals are chemisorbed to Cu(111) top sites, which are lifted by 16 pm ( meta-position) and 32 pm ( para-position) from the Cu surface plane. This leads to a strongly twisted and bent 3D adsorption structure. After heating, different types of dimers are observed whose molecules are either bound to surface atoms or connected via Cu adatoms. Such knowledge about the intermediate geometry and its interaction with the surface will open the way to rationally design syntheses on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ebeling
- Institute of Applied Physics , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa) , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Qigang Zhong
- Institute of Applied Physics , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) , Soochow University , 215123 Suzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Tobias Schlöder
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Jalmar Tschakert
- Institute of Applied Physics , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa) , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Pascal Henkel
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa) , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Sebastian Ahles
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa) , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) , Soochow University , 215123 Suzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Doreen Mollenhauer
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa) , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Hermann A Wegner
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa) , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - André Schirmeisen
- Institute of Applied Physics , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa) , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
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94
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Selective on-surface covalent coupling based on metal-organic coordination template. Nat Commun 2019; 10:70. [PMID: 30622253 PMCID: PMC6325127 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07933-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Control over on-surface reaction pathways is crucial but challenging for the precise construction of conjugated nanostructures at the atomic level. Herein we demonstrate a selective on-surface covalent coupling reaction that is templated by metal-organic coordinative bonding, and achieve a porous nitrogen-doped carbon nanoribbon structure. In contrast to the inhomogeneous polymorphic structures resulting from the debrominated aryl-aryl coupling reaction on Au(111), the incorporation of an Fe-terpyridine (tpy) coordination motif into the on-surface reaction controls the molecular conformation, guides the reaction pathway, and finally yields pure organic sexipyridine-p-phenylene nanoribbons. Emergent molecular conformers and reaction products in the reaction pathways are revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy, density functional theory calculations and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, demonstrating the template effect of Fe-tpy coordination on the on-surface covalent coupling. Our approach opens an avenue for the rational design and synthesis of functional conjugated nanomaterials with atomic precision. Synthesizing precise conjugated nanostructures on a surface requires fine control over the covalent reaction pathways. Here, the authors show that reversible coordinative bonds can be used to template on-surface C-C coupling reactions, guiding the formation of porous organic nanoribbons.
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95
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Zhang S, Qian H, Liu Z, Ju H, Lu Z, Zhang H, Chi L, Cui S. Towards Unveiling the Exact Molecular Structure of Amorphous Red Phosphorus by Single‐Molecule Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:1659-1663. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, (Ministry of Education)Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Hu‐jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsInstitute of Theoretical ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130023 China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & DevicesInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Hongyu Ju
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, (Ministry of Education)Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Zhong‐yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsInstitute of Theoretical ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130023 China
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & DevicesInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & DevicesInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Shuxun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, (Ministry of Education)Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China
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96
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Zhang S, Qian H, Liu Z, Ju H, Lu Z, Zhang H, Chi L, Cui S. Towards Unveiling the Exact Molecular Structure of Amorphous Red Phosphorus by Single‐Molecule Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, (Ministry of Education)Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Hu‐jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsInstitute of Theoretical ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130023 China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & DevicesInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Hongyu Ju
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, (Ministry of Education)Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Zhong‐yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsInstitute of Theoretical ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130023 China
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & DevicesInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & DevicesInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Shuxun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, (Ministry of Education)Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China
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97
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Klaasen H, Liu L, Gao HY, Viergutz L, Held PA, Knecht T, Meng X, Börner MC, Barton D, Amirjalayer S, Neugebauer J, Studer A, Fuchs H. Intermolecular coupling and intramolecular cyclization of aryl nitriles on Au(111). Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11611-11614. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03418h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The on-surface dimerization reaction of an organic nitrile on Au(111) is reported. The reaction cascade yielding a diazapyrene core was investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy, computational studies and reference compounds.
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98
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Yang B, Cao N, Ju H, Lin H, Li Y, Ding H, Ding J, Zhang J, Peng C, Zhang H, Zhu J, Li Q, Chi L. Intermediate States Directed Chiral Transfer on a Silver Surface. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:168-174. [PMID: 30472840 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chiral synthesis on surfaces has acquired tremendous interest. We herein report a novel approach of two-dimensional chiral transfer directed by metal-organic intermediate states on a silver surface. With initial deposition at low temperature, the achiral 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl molecules self-assemble into large scale two-dimensional networks with 4-fold symmetry via intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Fine controlled annealing, however, leads to the formation of tetramer-like chiral metal-organic hybrids, which self-organize into enantiomeric islands on the Ag(100) surface. Subsequent ortho C-C couplings of the reactants lead to dimer products. Of great importance, the chirality expressions of the dimer products are observed to be transferred directly from that of the tetramer intermediate states. The detailed reaction pathways are rationalized by DFT calculations and synchrotron-based XPS experiments, demonstrating the mechanisms of the chiral transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials a Devices , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Nan Cao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials a Devices , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Huanxin Ju
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230029 , China
| | - Haiping Lin
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials a Devices , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials a Devices , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Honghe Ding
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230029 , China
| | - Jinqiang Ding
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials a Devices , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials a Devices , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Chencheng Peng
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials a Devices , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials a Devices , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230029 , China
| | - Qing Li
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials a Devices , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials a Devices , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
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99
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Wang ZG, Li N, Wang T, Ding B. Surface-Guided Chemical Processes on Self-Assembled DNA Nanostructures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:14954-14962. [PMID: 29884022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Solid-liquid interfaces have been of great significance in the activation of chemical reactions via restricting the conformation or orientation of the reactants. Self-assembled DNA nanostructures encoded with tremendous chemical and physical information provide an efficient platform to unravel and regulate mechanisms of surface chemical processes. In this review, we discuss the surface addressability, morphological features, and charged properties of DNA nanostructures as well as the recognition, catalytic, and dynamic properties of DNA molecules. We highlight the synergies between the surface properties of DNA nanostructures and the molecular features of DNA strands, which is a key to the synthesis of conductive polymer nanomaterials with well-defined shapes or electronic/optical properties. We also focus on the control over the substrate channeling pathways of enzyme networks or metal nucleation on DNA nanostructures toward the production of specifically emissive metal nanoclusters. In the end, we provide an outlook of future possible directions based on the rational design of DNA-based self-assembly, including dynamic energy transfer, stimuli-responsive synthesis, and programmable activation of the mechanophores on the surfaces of DNA nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Gang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Baoquan Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
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100
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Shu CH, Xie YL, Wang A, Shi KJ, Zhang WF, Li DY, Liu PN. On-surface reactions of aryl chloride and porphyrin macrocycles via merging two reactive sites into a single precursor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12626-12629. [PMID: 30351327 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07652a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of aryl chloride and porphyrin macrocycles, which are merged into a single precursor, has been achieved on Cu(111). Scanning tunneling microscopy analysis of the oligomer products showed that the adjacent porphyrin moieties linked mainly by the phenyl group with the porphyrin macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hui Shu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Yu-Li Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - An Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Ke-Ji Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Wei-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Deng-Yuan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Pei-Nian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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