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Fu Z, Fan Q, Zhou Y, Zhao Y, He Z. Elimination of Intracellular Calcium Overload by BAPTA-AM-Loaded Liposomes: A Promising Therapeutic Agent for Acute Liver Failure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:39574-39585. [PMID: 31589019 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, intracellular calcium overload has been shown to induce cell death through multiple signaling pathways. In this study, we used BAPTA-AM, a well-known membrane-permeable Ca2+ chelator, to prevent cell injury by allaying the intracellular calcium overload. We explored the clinical potentials of BAPTA-AM-loaded liposome (BAL) in the treatment of the acute liver failure (ALF) mouse model, which is characterized by severe hepatic necrosis and apoptosis. We discovered that BAL can significantly inhibit D-GalN-induced LO2 cell damage as it increased cell viability by 60% and downregulated the LPS-stimulated inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophages by reversing the morphological change and modulating TNF-α and NF-κB expressions. Through systemic administration, BAL can rapidly accumulate in damaged liver tissue and exhibit excellent treatment effects on the D-GalN/LPS-induced ALF mouse model, including elevation of the survival rate (from 10 to 80%), recovery of normal liver indexes and liver health indicators, improvement of liver blood microcirculation (increased the blood flow volume by 80% and flow rate by 60%), and blood coagulation. The underlying hepatoprotective effect of BAL is presumably based on the antinecrosis and antiapoptosis abilities attributed to its inhibition on oxidative stress, restriction on TNF-α receptor, and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway by effectively clearing the overloaded intercellular calcium. BAL holds great potential as a new therapeutic strategy for ALF treatment, and its prominent cell rescue ability provides ample opportunities for the treatment of many other diseases that are characterized by rapid and massive cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zailin Fu
- Department of Pharmacy , The First People's Hospital of Yuhang District , Hangzhou 310000 , P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310000 , P. R. China
| | - Qiaomei Fan
- Department of Pharmacy , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou 310000 , P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310000 , P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Yi Zhao
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53715 , United States
| | - Zhiyu He
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
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52
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Ivanova H, Wagner LE, Tanimura A, Vandermarliere E, Luyten T, Welkenhuyzen K, Alzayady KJ, Wang L, Hamada K, Mikoshiba K, De Smedt H, Martens L, Yule DI, Parys JB, Bultynck G. Bcl-2 and IP 3 compete for the ligand-binding domain of IP 3Rs modulating Ca 2+ signaling output. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3843-3859. [PMID: 30989245 PMCID: PMC11105292 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bcl-2 proteins have emerged as critical regulators of intracellular Ca2+ dynamics by directly targeting and inhibiting the IP3 receptor (IP3R), a major intracellular Ca2+-release channel. Here, we demonstrate that such inhibition occurs under conditions of basal, but not high IP3R activity, since overexpressed and purified Bcl-2 (or its BH4 domain) can inhibit IP3R function provoked by low concentration of agonist or IP3, while fails to attenuate against high concentration of agonist or IP3. Surprisingly, Bcl-2 remained capable of inhibiting IP3R1 channels lacking the residues encompassing the previously identified Bcl-2-binding site (a.a. 1380-1408) located in the ARM2 domain, part of the modulatory region. Using a plethora of computational, biochemical and biophysical methods, we demonstrate that Bcl-2 and more particularly its BH4 domain bind to the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of IP3R1. In line with this finding, the interaction between the LBD and Bcl-2 (or its BH4 domain) was sensitive to IP3 and adenophostin A, ligands of the IP3R. Vice versa, the BH4 domain of Bcl-2 counteracted the binding of IP3 to the LBD. Collectively, our work reveals a novel mechanism by which Bcl-2 influences IP3R activity at the level of the LBD. This allows for exquisite modulation of Bcl-2's inhibitory properties on IP3Rs that is tunable to the level of IP3 signaling in cells.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine/analogs & derivatives
- Adenosine/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Binding, Competitive
- COS Cells
- Calcium Signaling
- Cells, Cultured
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/metabolism
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/agonists
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/chemistry
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/genetics
- Ligands
- Mice
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Protein Domains
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/chemistry
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Sequence Deletion
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristina Ivanova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 Bus 802, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Larry E Wagner
- University of Rochester Medical Center School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 711, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Akihiko Tanimura
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kita-121757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Elien Vandermarliere
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB-UGent, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tomas Luyten
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 Bus 802, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kirsten Welkenhuyzen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 Bus 802, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kamil J Alzayady
- University of Rochester Medical Center School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 711, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Liwei Wang
- University of Rochester Medical Center School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 711, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Kozo Hamada
- Lab Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-Shi, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
- SIAIS (Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies), ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Katsuhiko Mikoshiba
- Lab Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-Shi, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
- SIAIS (Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies), ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Humbert De Smedt
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 Bus 802, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lennart Martens
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB-UGent, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - David I Yule
- University of Rochester Medical Center School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 711, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Jan B Parys
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 Bus 802, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 Bus 802, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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53
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Park H, Lim W, You S, Song G. Fenbendazole induces apoptosis of porcine uterine luminal epithelial and trophoblast cells during early pregnancy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 681:28-38. [PMID: 31102815 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fenbendazole, is an effective benzimidazole anthelmintic that prevents parasite infection in both human and veterinary health care. Although the well-known and effect of benzimidazole was recently shown to have a broad spectrum of biological abilities, such as anticancer and anti-inflammation activities, the mechanism of benzimidazole's antiproliferative effect via cell signaling pathways and its role in preimplantation has not been studied. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of fenbendazole on porcine trophectoderm and luminal epithelial cells. First, we investigated cell viability in response to a low dose of fenbendazole, which highly inhibited cell proliferation. In addition, we investigated apoptotic molecules in the mitochondria, imbalanced intracellular calcium homeostasis, and the expression of some genes involved in apoptosis to explain the decrease in proliferation. Finally, we examined the intracellular mechanisms of fenbendazole by measuring the extracellular signal-regulated kinase, PI3K/AKT, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling proteins by western blot analysis. Our findings suggest that fenbendazole functions as an effective anti-proliferative molecule that induces critical apoptosis in the porcine trophectoderm and uterine luminal epithelial cells by disrupting the mitochondria membrane potential during early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hahyun Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungkwon You
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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54
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Circ-IGF1R has pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects in HCC by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Gene 2019; 716:144031. [PMID: 31377314 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel class of widespread and diverse endogenous RNAs, have been identified as critical regulators of various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the specific roles of circRNAs in HCC are largely unknown. In this study, we identified a novel circRNA, circ-IGF1R, in HCC tumour tissues and cell lines. Circ-IGF1R levels were found to be significantly upregulated in HCC tissues compared with levels in paired peritumoural tissues. The high expression levels of circ-IGF1R in HCC were associated with tumour size. Moreover, knocking down circ-IGF1R with siRNA significantly attenuated cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in vitro. Further investigation revealed that PI3K/AKT signalling pathway activation was involved in the oncogenic functions of circ-IGF1R in HCC. Our study suggests that circ-IGF1R may be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of HCC.
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55
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Zhang S, Yue X, Yu J, Wang H, Liu B. MITF Regulates Downstream Genes in Response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection in the Clam Meretrix Petechialis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1547. [PMID: 31333673 PMCID: PMC6620822 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is a basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper protein that plays a key role in cell proliferation, survival and immune defense through the direct transcriptional control of downstream genes. We have found that MITF participates in the immune response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in the clam Meretrix petechialis. In this study, we focused on how MITF functions in immunity. First, PO, CTSK, and BCL-2 were identified as the target genes of MpMITF in the clam by RNAi. EMSAs showed direct binding between the MpMITF protein and the E-box of the MpPO, MpCTSK, and MpBCL-2 promoters. Yeast one-hybrid assays also suggested that MpMITF could activate the expression of these three downstream genes. These results demonstrated that the transcriptional expression of MpPO, MpCTSK, and MpBCL-2 is directly regulated by MpMITF. Second, we analyzed the roles of MpPO, MpCTSK, and MpBCL-2 in clam immunity. The mRNA expression of MpPO, MpCTSK, and MpBCL-2 increased significantly after V. parahaemolyticus challenge, which implied that these genes might take part in the immune defense against V. parahaemolyticus challenge in clams. The purified recombinant proteins, MpPO and MpCTSK, inhibited the growth of V. parahaemolyticus. Additionally, the apoptosis rate of clam haemocytes rose significantly when the activity of MpBCL-2 was suppressed. These results revealed that MpPO, MpCTSK, and MpBCL-2 are involved in the immune defense against V. parahaemolyticus. This study supports the idea that the MpMITF pathway plays a key role in immune defense through the direct regulation of the downstream genes MpPO, MpCTSK, and MpBCL-2 in the clam, M. petechialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiajia Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Baozhong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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56
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Contribution of Mitochondrial Ion Channels to Chemo-Resistance in Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060761. [PMID: 31159324 PMCID: PMC6627730 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial ion channels are emerging oncological targets, as modulation of these ion-transporting proteins may impact on mitochondrial membrane potential, efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen production. In turn, these factors affect the release of cytochrome c, which is the point of no return during mitochondrial apoptosis. Many of the currently used chemotherapeutics induce programmed cell death causing damage to DNA and subsequent activation of p53-dependent pathways that finally leads to cytochrome c release from the mitochondrial inter-membrane space. The view is emerging, as summarized in the present review, that ion channels located in this organelle may account in several cases for the resistance that cancer cells can develop against classical chemotherapeutics, by preventing drug-induced apoptosis. Thus, pharmacological modulation of these channel activities might be beneficial to fight chemo-resistance of different types of cancer cells.
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57
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Grilo AL, Mantalaris A. Apoptosis: A mammalian cell bioprocessing perspective. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:459-475. [PMID: 30797096 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of programmed and controlled cell death that accounts for the majority of cellular death in bioprocesses. Cell death affects culture longevity and product quality; it is instigated by several stresses experienced by the cells within a bioreactor. Understanding the factors that cause apoptosis as well as developing strategies that can protect cells is crucial for robust bioprocess development. This review aims to a) address apoptosis from a bioprocess perspective; b) describe the significant apoptotic mechanisms linking them to the most relevant stresses encountered in bioreactors; c) discuss the design of operating conditions in order to avoid cell death; d) focus on industrially relevant cell lines; and e) present anti-apoptosis strategies including cell engineering and model-based optimization of bioprocesses. In addition, the importance of apoptosis in quality-by-design bioprocess development from clone screening to production scale are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio L Grilo
- Biological Systems Engineering Laboratory, Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Athanasios Mantalaris
- Biological Systems Engineering Laboratory, Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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58
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Ader NR, Hoffmann PC, Ganeva I, Borgeaud AC, Wang C, Youle RJ, Kukulski W. Molecular and topological reorganizations in mitochondrial architecture interplay during Bax-mediated steps of apoptosis. eLife 2019; 8:40712. [PMID: 30714902 PMCID: PMC6361589 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During apoptosis, Bcl-2 proteins such as Bax and Bak mediate the release of pro-apoptotic proteins from the mitochondria by clustering on the outer mitochondrial membrane and thereby permeabilizing it. However, it remains unclear how outer membrane openings form. Here, we combined different correlative microscopy and electron cryo-tomography approaches to visualize the effects of Bax activity on mitochondria in human cells. Our data show that Bax clusters localize near outer membrane ruptures of highly variable size. Bax clusters contain structural elements suggesting a higher order organization of their components. Furthermore, unfolding of inner membrane cristae is coupled to changes in the supramolecular assembly of ATP synthases, particularly pronounced at membrane segments exposed to the cytosol by ruptures. Based on our results, we propose a comprehensive model in which molecular reorganizations of the inner membrane and sequestration of outer membrane components into Bax clusters interplay in the formation of outer membrane ruptures. Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Ader
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Biochemistry Section, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Patrick C Hoffmann
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Iva Ganeva
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia C Borgeaud
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chunxin Wang
- Biochemistry Section, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Richard J Youle
- Biochemistry Section, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Wanda Kukulski
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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59
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Naletova I, Satriano C, Curci A, Margiotta N, Natile G, Arena G, La Mendola D, Nicoletti VG, Rizzarelli E. Cytotoxic phenanthroline derivatives alter metallostasis and redox homeostasis in neuroblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:36289-36316. [PMID: 30555630 PMCID: PMC6284747 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper homeostasis is generally investigated focusing on a single component of the metallostasis network. Here we address several of the factors controlling the metallostasis for neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) upon treatment with 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phendione) and 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (cuproindione). These compounds bind and transport copper inside cells, exert their cytotoxic activity through the induction of oxidative stress, causing apoptosis and alteration of the cellular redox and copper homeostasis network. The intracellular pathway ensured by copper transporters (Ctr1, ATP7A), chaperones (CCS, ATOX, COX 17, Sco1, Sco2), small molecules (GSH) and transcription factors (p53) is scrutinised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Naletova
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
| | - Cristina Satriano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Curci
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Margiotta
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Natile
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Arena
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
| | - Diego La Mendola
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Giuseppe Nicoletti
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
- Section of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
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60
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Marquina S, Maldonado-Santiago M, Sánchez-Carranza JN, Antúnez-Mojica M, González-Maya L, Razo-Hernández RS, Alvarez L. Design, synthesis and QSAR study of 2'-hydroxy-4'-alkoxy chalcone derivatives that exert cytotoxic activity by the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 27:43-54. [PMID: 30482548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Eleven 4'-alkoxy chalcones were synthesized and biologically evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against four human tumor cell lines (PC-3, MCF-7, HF-6, and CaSki). Compounds 3a-3d and 3f were selective against PC-3, with IC50 values ranging from 8.08 to 13.75 μM. In addition, chalcones 3a-3c did not affect the normal fibroblasts BJ cells. The most active and selective compounds were further evaluated for their effect on the progression of cell cycle in PC-3 cells, and chalcones 3a and 3c induced a G2/M phase arrest. Furthermore, it was found that these three chalcones induced the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by regulating Bax and Bcl-2 transcripts and by increasing caspase 3/7 activation. Otherwise, the QSAR model indicates that the double bond of the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl, as well as the planar structure geometry, are important to the biological activity of the synthetized chalcones. Based on these studies, it was concluded that withdrawing substituents in ring A, decrease the antiproliferative activity. This is related to the possible mechanism of action of these compounds, where a Michael addition needs to take place in order to be a potent anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marquina
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
| | - Maritza Maldonado-Santiago
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
| | - Jessica Nayelli Sánchez-Carranza
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Mayra Antúnez-Mojica
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
| | - Leticia González-Maya
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
| | - Rodrigo Said Razo-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
| | - Laura Alvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
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Kang B, Wang X, Xu Q, Wu Y, Si X, Jiang D. Effect of 3-nitropropionic acid inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis of granulosa cells in geese. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180274. [PMID: 30042167 PMCID: PMC6131328 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of action by which oxidative stress induces granulosa cell apoptosis, which plays a vital role in initiating follicular atresia, is not well understood. In the present study, the effect of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) on oxidative stress and apoptosis in granulosa cells in geese was investigated. Our results showed that treatment with 3-NPA at 5.0 mmol/l for 24 h increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by 25.4% and decreased granulosa cell viability by 45.5% (P<0.05). Catalase and glutathione peroxidase gene expression levels in granulosa cells treated with 3-NPA were 1.32- and 0.49-fold compared with those of the control cells, respectively (P <0.05). A significant decrease in the expression level of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein and remarkable increases in the levels of Bax, p53 and cleaved-Caspase 3 proteins and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 expression in granulosa cells treated with 3-NPA were observed (P<0.05). Furthermore, a 38.43% increase in the percentage of early apoptotic cells was also observed in granulosa cells treated with 3-NPA (P<0.05). Moreover, the expression levels of NF-κB, Nrf2, Fhc, Hspa2 and Ho-1 in granulosa cells treated with 3-NPA were elevated 4.36-, 1.63-, 3.62-, 27.54- and 10.48-fold compared with those of the control cells (P<0.05), respectively. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that treatment with 3-NPA induces ROS production and apoptosis and inhibits the viability of granulosa cells in geese. Furthermore, 3-NPA triggers increases in the expression of cleaved-Caspase 3 protein and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 expression, and induces the early apoptosis of granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilin Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Animal Science, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Wu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
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Lin S, Zhang Q, Zhang T, Shao X, Li Y, Shi S, Tian T, Wei X, Lin Y. Tetrahedral DNA Nanomaterial Regulates the Biological Behaviors of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells via DNA Methylation on Dlg3. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:32017-32025. [PMID: 30168311 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As a simple and classical three-dimensional shape, tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) can provide robust properties for better stability and can serve as a versatile platform for biosensing and drug delivery. More in-depth, its safety should be assessed by sensitive detection methods. However, the effect of TDNs at the epigenetic level has not received much attention. Here, DNA methylation alteration in adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) after exposure to TDNs was comprehensively evaluated. The results from reduced representation bisulfite sequencing, bisulfite-specific polymerase chain reaction, and further gene function analysis revealed that TDNs induced a few differentially methylated regions where negatively correlated gene expressions occur. Moreover, TDNs facilitated ASC proliferation and attenuated apoptosis via DNA hypermethylation of the Dlg3 gene promotor. This study may help pave the way for potential applications with the nanosafety of TDNs and offer deep insights into the proliferation promotion effect and antiapoptosis ability of TDNs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yong Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology , Southwest Medical University , Luzhou 646000 , P. R. China
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He LX, Zhang ZF, Zhao J, Li L, Xu T, Bin Sun, Ren JW, Liu R, Chen QH, Wang JB, Salem MM, Pettinato G, Zhou JR, Li Y. Ginseng oligopeptides protect against irradiation-induced immune dysfunction and intestinal injury. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13916. [PMID: 30224720 PMCID: PMC6141576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal injury and immune dysfunction are commonly encountered after irradiation therapy. While the curative abilities of ginseng root have been reported in prior studies, there is little known regarding its role in immunoregulation of intestinal repairability in cancer patients treated with irradiation. Our current study aims to closely examine the protective effects of ginseng-derived small molecule oligopeptides (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.) (GOP) against irradiation-induced immune dysfunction and subsequent intestinal injury, using in vitro and in vivo models. Expectedly, irradiation treatment resulted in increased intestinal permeability along with mucosal injury in both Caco-2 cells and mice, probably due to disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier, leading to high plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels. However, when the cells were treated with GOP, this led to diminished concentration of plasma LPS and cytokines (IL-1 and TNF-α), suggesting its dampening effect on inflammatory and oxidative stress, and potential role in restoring normal baseline intestinal permeability. Moreover, the Caco-2 cells treated with GOP showed high trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and low FITC-dextran paracellular permeability when compared to the control group. This could be explained by the higher levels of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and Occludin) expression along with reduced expression of the apoptosis-related proteins (Bax and Caspase-3) noticed in the GOP-treated cells, highlighting its role in preserving intestinal permeability, through prevention of their degradation while maintaining normal levels of expression. Further confirmatory in vivo data showed that GOP-treated mice exhibited high concentrations of lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+) in the intestine, to rescue the irradiation-induced damage and restore baseline intestinal integrity. Therefore, we propose that GOP can be used as an adjuvant therapy to attenuate irradiation-induced immune dysfunction and intestinal injury in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Zhao-Feng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Teng Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jin-Wei Ren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qi-He Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jun-Bo Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Mohamed M Salem
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Giuseppe Pettinato
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jin-Rong Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Expression of the Vaccinia Virus Antiapoptotic F1 Protein Is Blocked by Protein Kinase R in the Absence of the Viral E3 Protein. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01167-18. [PMID: 29997208 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01167-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Poxviruses encode many proteins with the ability to regulate cellular signaling pathways. One such protein is the vaccinia virus innate immunity modulator E3. Multiple functions have been ascribed to E3, including modulating the cellular response to double-stranded RNA, inhibiting the NF-κB and IRF3 pathways, and dampening apoptosis. Apoptosis serves as a powerful defense against damaged and unwanted cells and is an effective defense against viral infection; many viruses therefore encode proteins that prevent or delay apoptosis. Here, we present data indicating that E3 does not directly inhibit the intrinsic apoptotic pathway; instead, it suppresses apoptosis indirectly by stimulating expression of the viral F1 apoptotic inhibitor. Our data demonstrate that E3 promotes F1 expression by blocking activation of the double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase R (PKR). F1 mRNA is present in cells infected with E3-null virus, but the protein product does not detectably accumulate, suggesting a block at the translational level. We also show that two 3' coterminal transcripts span the F1 open reading frame (ORF), a situation previously described for the vaccinia virus mRNAs encoding the J3 and J4 proteins. One of these is a conventional monocistronic transcript of the F1L gene, while the other arises by read-through transcription from the upstream F2L gene and does not give rise to appreciable levels of F1 protein.IMPORTANCE Previous studies have shown that E3-deficient vaccinia virus triggers apoptosis of infected cells. Our study demonstrates that this proapoptotic phenotype stems, at least in part, from the failure of the mutant virus to produce adequate quantities of the viral F1 protein, which acts at the mitochondria to directly block apoptosis. Our data establish a regulatory link between the vaccinia virus proteins that suppress the innate response to double-stranded RNA and those that block the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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65
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Ju WK, Shim MS, Kim KY, Bu JH, Park TL, Ahn S, Weinreb RN. Ubiquinol promotes retinal ganglion cell survival and blocks the apoptotic pathway in ischemic retinal degeneration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2639-2645. [PMID: 30107910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) protects retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in experimental retinal ischemia and glaucoma by scavenging reactive oxygen species. We tested whether a diet supplemented with ubiquinol, the reduced form of CoQ10, promotes RGC survival and blocks the apoptotic pathway in ischemic mouse retina induced by acute high intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation. Ubiquinol (1%) treatment significantly promoted RGC survival at 2 weeks after ischemia/reperfusion. The ubiquinol treatment significantly blocked activation of astroglial and microglial cells in the ischemic retina at 2 weeks. While the ubiquinol treatment significantly decreased active Bax protein expression in the ischemic retina, phosphorylation of Bad at serine 112 and Bcl-xL protein expression were preserved in the ubiquinol-treated ischemic retina at 12 h. Consistently, the ubiquinol treatment prevented apoptotic cell death by blocking caspase-3 cleavage. These results suggest that the ubiquinol enhances RGC survival by modulating the Bax/Bad/Bcl-xL-mediated apoptotic pathway in the ischemic retina. Ubiquinol has therapeutic potential for ameliorating elevated IOP-induced ischemic retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Kyu Ju
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Myoung Sup Shim
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Keun-Young Kim
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jung Hyun Bu
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tae Lim Park
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sangphil Ahn
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert N Weinreb
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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66
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Galasso C, Orefice I, Pellone P, Cirino P, Miele R, Ianora A, Brunet C, Sansone C. On the Neuroprotective Role of Astaxanthin: New Perspectives? Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16080247. [PMID: 30042358 PMCID: PMC6117702 DOI: 10.3390/md16080247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a carotenoid with powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity produced by several freshwater and marine microorganisms, including bacteria, yeast, fungi, and microalgae. Due to its deep red-orange color it confers a reddish hue to the flesh of salmon, shrimps, lobsters, and crayfish that feed on astaxanthin-producing organisms, which helps protect their immune system and increase their fertility. From the nutritional point of view, astaxanthin is considered one of the strongest antioxidants in nature, due to its high scavenging potential of free radicals in the human body. Recently, astaxanthin is also receiving attention for its effect on the prevention or co-treatment of neurological pathologies, including Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. In this review, we focus on the neuroprotective properties of astaxanthin and explore the underlying mechanisms to counteract neurological diseases, mainly based on its capability to cross the blood-brain barrier and its oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Galasso
- Marine BiotechnologyDepartment, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Ida Orefice
- Marine BiotechnologyDepartment, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Paola Pellone
- Marine BiotechnologyDepartment, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Paola Cirino
- Research Infrastructures for marine biological resources Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Roberta Miele
- Marine BiotechnologyDepartment, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Adrianna Ianora
- Marine BiotechnologyDepartment, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Christophe Brunet
- Marine BiotechnologyDepartment, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Clementina Sansone
- Marine BiotechnologyDepartment, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
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67
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Zhu J, Sun Y, Lu Y, Jiang X, Ma B, Yu L, Zhang J, Dong X, Zhang Q. Glaucocalyxin A exerts anticancer effect on osteosarcoma by inhibiting GLI1 nuclear translocation via regulating PI3K/Akt pathway. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:708. [PMID: 29899333 PMCID: PMC5999605 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, the most common malignant bone tumor with recurring disease or lung metastases, has become one of the leading causes of death in humans. In the current study, we made an investigation on the anticancer effect of glaucocalyxin A, a bioactive ent-kauranoid diterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia japonica var., and unraveled the underlying mechanisms. Here, we found that Glaucocalyxin A inhibited the cell viability of numerous osteosarcoma cells. Our results showed that Glaucocalyxin A exerted the pro-apoptotic effect on human osteosarcoma cells, MG-63 and HOS cells. Glaucocalyxin A induced apoptosis by mitochondrial apoptotic pathway through several steps including increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, triggering the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, reducing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and inducing cleavage of caspase-9 and caspase-3. We demonstrated that Glaucocalyxin A induced apoptosis via inhibiting Five-zinc finger Glis 1 (GLI1) activation by overexpression and knockdown of GLI1 in vitro. We also found that Glaucocalyxin A inhibited GLI1 activation via regulating phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway. We further confirmed our findings by using PI3K activator and inhibitor to verify the inhibitory effect of Glaucocalyxin A on PI3K/Akt/GLI1 pathway. Moreover, our in vivo study revealed that glaucocalyxin A possessed a remarkable antitumor effect with no toxicity in the xenograft model inoculated with HOS tumor through the same mechanisms as in vitro. In conclusion, our results suggested that Glaucocalyxin A induced apoptosis in osteosarcoma by inhibiting nuclear translocation of GLI1 via regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Thus, Glaucocalyxin A might be a potential candidate for human osteosarcoma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Ying Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xiubo Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Bo Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Lisha Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xiaochen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.
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68
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Kumar K, Sabarwal A, Singh RP. Mancozeb selectively induces mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma cells through ROS generation. Mitochondrion 2018; 48:1-10. [PMID: 29902665 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Mancozeb (Manganese ethylene bis-dithiocarbamate with zinc salt) is a dithiocarbamate fungicide used to control fungal disease in many fruit plants, flowers and the maintenance of field crops. The effect of mancozeb on cell viability of human gastric adenocarcinoma AGS, SNU-1 cells and human normal FHs 74 Int cells were investigated. This study demonstrated that mancozeb was able to inhibit cell proliferation by 56-82% at 5-10 μM concentrations after 48 h. Mancozeb treatment for 48 h resulted in 33% (P < 0.05) and 61% (P < 0.001) increase in apoptotic cells at 5 and 10 μM concentrations in AGS cells, respectively. Treatment with mancozeb did not cause cell cycle arrest, while modulated the expression level of cleaved caspase-3, and cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Furthermore, treatment with mancozeb caused a rapid stimulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. The results also showed that mancozeb-induced apoptosis was accompanied by up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Overall, our data suggested that mancozeb caused ROS generation which induced significant (P < 0.05) apoptosis in AGS cells that was attenuated with pretreatment of NAC. More importantly, same concentration of mancozeb did not show any considerable effect on cell growth, death, cell cycle arrest and ROS generation in normal FHs 74 Int cells. Overall, for the first time these results suggest that mancozeb has selective anticancer activity at lower concentrations against gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Kumar
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Akash Sabarwal
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India; Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rana P Singh
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India; Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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69
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Lucantoni F, Düssmann H, Llorente-Folch I, Prehn JHM. BCL2 and BCL(X)L selective inhibitors decrease mitochondrial ATP production in breast cancer cells and are synthetically lethal when combined with 2-deoxy-D-glucose. Oncotarget 2018; 9:26046-26063. [PMID: 29899841 PMCID: PMC5995245 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells display differences regarding their engagement of glycolytic vs. mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway. Triple negative breast cancer, an aggressive form of breast cancer, is characterized by elevated glycolysis, while estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells rely predominantly on OXPHOS. BCL2 proteins control the process of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization during apoptosis, but also regulate cellular bioenergetics. Because BCL2 proteins are overexpressed in breast cancer and targetable by selective antagonists, we here analysed the effect of BCL2 and BCL(X)L selective inhibitors, Venetoclax and WEHI-539, on mitochondrial bioenergetics and cell death. Employing single cell imaging using a FRET-based mitochondrial ATP sensor, we found that MCF7 breast cancer cells supplied with mitochondrial substrates reduced their mitochondrial ATP production when treated with Venetoclax or WEHI-539 at concentrations that per se did not induce cell death. Treatments with lower concentrations of both inhibitors also reduced the length of the mitochondrial network and the dynamics, as evaluated by quantitative confocal microscopy. We next tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial ATP production inhibition with BCL2 or BCL(X)L antagonists was synthetically lethal when combined with glycolysis inhibition. Treatment with 2-deoxy-D-glucose in combination with Venetoclax or WEHI-539 synergistically reduced the cellular bioenergetics of ER+ and TNBC breast cancer cells and abolished their clonogenic potential. Synthetic lethality was also observed when cultures were grown in 3D spheres. Our findings demonstrate that BCL2 antagonists exert potent effects on cancer metabolism independent of cell death-inducing effects, and demonstrate a synthetic lethality when these are applied in combination with glycolysis inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Lucantoni
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Center for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Heiko Düssmann
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Center for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Irene Llorente-Folch
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Center for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Center for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
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70
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Edlich F. BCL-2 proteins and apoptosis: Recent insights and unknowns. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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71
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Saxena M, Delgado Y, Sharma RK, Sharma S, Guzmán SLPDL, Tinoco AD, Griebenow K. Inducing cell death in vitro in cancer cells by targeted delivery of cytochrome c via a transferrin conjugate. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195542. [PMID: 29649293 PMCID: PMC5896948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major drawbacks of many of the currently used cancer drugs are off-target effects. Targeted delivery is one method to minimize such unwanted and detrimental events. To actively target lung cancer cells, we have developed a conjugate of the apoptosis inducing protein cytochrome c with transferrin because the transferrin receptor is overexpressed by many rapidly dividing cancer cells. Cytochrome c and transferrin were cross-linked with a redox sensitive disulfide bond for the intra-cellular release of the protein upon endocytosis by the transferrin receptor. Confocal results demonstrated the cellular uptake of the cytochrome c-transferrin conjugate by transferrin receptor overexpressing A549 lung cancer cells. Localization studies further validated that this conjugate escaped the endosome. Additionally, an in vitro assay showed that the conjugate could induce apoptosis by activating caspase-3. The neo-conjugate not only maintained an IC50 value similar to the well known drug cisplatin (50 μM) in A549 cancer cells but also was nontoxic to the normal lung (MRC5) cells. Our neo-conjugate holds promise for future development to target cancers with enhanced transferrin receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Saxena
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Yamixa Delgado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Rohit Kumar Sharma
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | | | - Arthur D. Tinoco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Kai Griebenow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
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Uren RT, Iyer S, Kluck RM. Pore formation by dimeric Bak and Bax: an unusual pore? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018. [PMID: 28630157 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic cell death via the mitochondrial pathway occurs in all vertebrate cells and requires the formation of pores in the mitochondrial outer membrane. Two Bcl-2 protein family members, Bak and Bax, form these pores during apoptosis, and how they do so has been investigated for the last two decades. Many of the conformation changes that occur during their transition to pore-forming proteins have now been delineated. Notably, biochemical, biophysical and structural studies indicate that symmetric homodimers are the basic unit of pore formation. Each dimer contains an extended hydrophobic surface that lies on the outer membrane, and is anchored at either end by a transmembrane domain. Membrane-remodelling events such as positive membrane curvature have been reported to accompany apoptotic pore formation, suggesting Bak and Bax form lipidic pores rather than proteinaceous pores. However, it remains unclear how symmetric dimers assemble to porate the membrane. Here, we review how clusters of dimers and their lipid-mediated interactions provide a molecular explanation for the heterogeneous assemblies of Bak and Bax observed during apoptosis.This article is part of the themed issue 'Membrane pores: from structure and assembly, to medicine and technology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel T Uren
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, The University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Sweta Iyer
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, The University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ruth M Kluck
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, The University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia .,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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73
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Gao Y, Arfat Y, Wang H, Goswami N. Muscle Atrophy Induced by Mechanical Unloading: Mechanisms and Potential Countermeasures. Front Physiol 2018; 9:235. [PMID: 29615929 PMCID: PMC5869217 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged periods of skeletal muscle inactivity or mechanical unloading (bed rest, hindlimb unloading, immobilization, spaceflight and reduced step) can result in a significant loss of musculoskeletal mass, size and strength which ultimately lead to muscle atrophy. With advancement in understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in disuse skeletal muscle atrophy, several different signaling pathways have been studied to understand their regulatory role in this process. However, substantial gaps exist in our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved, as well as their functional significance. This review aims to update the current state of knowledge and the underlying cellular mechanisms related to skeletal muscle loss during a variety of unloading conditions, both in humans and animals. Recent advancements in understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms, including IGF1-Akt-mTOR, MuRF1/MAFbx, FOXO, and potential triggers of disuse atrophy, such as calcium overload and ROS overproduction, as well as their role in skeletal muscle protein adaptation to disuse is emphasized. We have also elaborated potential therapeutic countermeasures that have shown promising results in preventing and restoring disuse-induced muscle loss. Finally, identified are the key challenges in this field as well as some future prospectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yasir Arfat
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nandu Goswami
- Physiology Unit, Otto Loewi Center of Research for Vascular Biology, Immunity and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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74
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Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Aaronson SA, Abrams JM, Adam D, Agostinis P, Alnemri ES, Altucci L, Amelio I, Andrews DW, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Antonov AV, Arama E, Baehrecke EH, Barlev NA, Bazan NG, Bernassola F, Bertrand MJM, Bianchi K, Blagosklonny MV, Blomgren K, Borner C, Boya P, Brenner C, Campanella M, Candi E, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Cecconi F, Chan FKM, Chandel NS, Cheng EH, Chipuk JE, Cidlowski JA, Ciechanover A, Cohen GM, Conrad M, Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Czabotar PE, D'Angiolella V, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, De Laurenzi V, De Maria R, Debatin KM, DeBerardinis RJ, Deshmukh M, Di Daniele N, Di Virgilio F, Dixit VM, Dixon SJ, Duckett CS, Dynlacht BD, El-Deiry WS, Elrod JW, Fimia GM, Fulda S, García-Sáez AJ, Garg AD, Garrido C, Gavathiotis E, Golstein P, Gottlieb E, Green DR, Greene LA, Gronemeyer H, Gross A, Hajnoczky G, Hardwick JM, Harris IS, Hengartner MO, Hetz C, Ichijo H, Jäättelä M, Joseph B, Jost PJ, Juin PP, Kaiser WJ, Karin M, Kaufmann T, Kepp O, Kimchi A, Kitsis RN, Klionsky DJ, Knight RA, Kumar S, Lee SW, Lemasters JJ, Levine B, Linkermann A, Lipton SA, Lockshin RA, López-Otín C, Lowe SW, Luedde T, Lugli E, MacFarlane M, Madeo F, Malewicz M, Malorni W, Manic G, Marine JC, Martin SJ, Martinou JC, Medema JP, Mehlen P, Meier P, Melino S, Miao EA, Molkentin JD, Moll UM, Muñoz-Pinedo C, Nagata S, Nuñez G, Oberst A, Oren M, Overholtzer M, Pagano M, Panaretakis T, Pasparakis M, Penninger JM, Pereira DM, Pervaiz S, Peter ME, Piacentini M, Pinton P, Prehn JHM, Puthalakath H, Rabinovich GA, Rehm M, Rizzuto R, Rodrigues CMP, Rubinsztein DC, Rudel T, Ryan KM, Sayan E, Scorrano L, Shao F, Shi Y, Silke J, Simon HU, Sistigu A, Stockwell BR, Strasser A, Szabadkai G, Tait SWG, Tang D, Tavernarakis N, Thorburn A, Tsujimoto Y, Turk B, Vanden Berghe T, Vandenabeele P, Vander Heiden MG, Villunger A, Virgin HW, Vousden KH, Vucic D, Wagner EF, Walczak H, Wallach D, Wang Y, Wells JA, Wood W, Yuan J, Zakeri Z, Zhivotovsky B, Zitvogel L, Melino G, Kroemer G. Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:486-541. [PMID: 29362479 PMCID: PMC5864239 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-017-0012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3697] [Impact Index Per Article: 616.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. Since the field continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate multiple cell death pathways are unveiled, we propose an updated classification of cell death subroutines focusing on mechanistic and essential (as opposed to correlative and dispensable) aspects of the process. As we provide molecularly oriented definitions of terms including intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, entotic cell death, NETotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, immunogenic cell death, cellular senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, we discuss the utility of neologisms that refer to highly specialized instances of these processes. The mission of the NCCD is to provide a widely accepted nomenclature on cell death in support of the continued development of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Paris Descartes/Paris V University, Paris, France.
| | - Ilio Vitale
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Stuart A Aaronson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John M Abrams
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dieter Adam
- Institute of Immunology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emad S Alnemri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - David W Andrews
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Alexey V Antonov
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Eli Arama
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eric H Baehrecke
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Nickolai A Barlev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Mathieu J M Bertrand
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katiuscia Bianchi
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Klas Blomgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoph Borner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Boya
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Biological Investigation (CIB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Catherine Brenner
- INSERM U1180, Châtenay Malabry, France
- University of Paris Sud/Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
- University College London Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, London, UK
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Dermopatic Institute of Immaculate (IDI) IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Cecconi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Unit of Cell Stress and Survival, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francis K-M Chan
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emily H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jerry E Chipuk
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John A Cidlowski
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Aaron Ciechanover
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gerald M Cohen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich, Germany
| | - Juan R Cubillos-Ruiz
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vincenzo D'Angiolella
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, CeSI-MetUniversity of Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University "Sacro Cuore", Rome, Italy
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mohanish Deshmukh
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vishva M Dixit
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Colin S Duckett
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Brian D Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana J García-Sáez
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carmen Garrido
- INSERM U1231 "Lipides Nutrition Cancer", Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Burgundy France Comté, Dijon, France
- Cancer Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Evripidis Gavathiotis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Pierre Golstein
- Immunology Center of Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lloyd A Greene
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hinrich Gronemeyer
- Team labeled "Ligue Contre le Cancer", Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- INSERM U964, Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Atan Gross
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gyorgy Hajnoczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Marie Hardwick
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Isaac S Harris
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hidenori Ichijo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Toxicology Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philipp J Jost
- III Medical Department for Hematology and Oncology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philippe P Juin
- Team 8 "Stress adaptation and tumor escape", CRCINA-INSERM U1232, Nantes, France
- University of Nantes, Nantes, France
- University of Angers, Angers, France
- Institute of Cancer Research in Western France, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - William J Kaiser
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Paris Descartes/Paris V University, Paris, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Sud/Paris XI University, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Team 11 labeled "Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer", Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- INSERM U1138, Paris, France
- Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI University, Paris, France
| | - Adi Kimchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard A Knight
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sam W Lee
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - John J Lemasters
- Center for Cell Death, Injury and Regeneration, Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Center for Cell Death, Injury and Regeneration, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Beth Levine
- Center for Autophagy Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stuart A Lipton
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Translational Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard A Lockshin
- Department of Biology, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
- Queens College of the City University of New York, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tom Luedde
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Flow Cytometry Core, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marion MacFarlane
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Frank Madeo
- Department Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michal Malewicz
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Walter Malorni
- National Centre for Gender Medicine, Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Gwenola Manic
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seamus J Martin
- Departments of Genetics, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jean-Claude Martinou
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development laboratory, CRCL, Lyon, France
- Team labeled "La Ligue contre le Cancer", Lyon, France
- LabEx DEVweCAN, Lyon, France
- INSERM U1052, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France
- Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Meier
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, UK
| | - Sonia Melino
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Edward A Miao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ute M Moll
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Cristina Muñoz-Pinedo
- Cell Death Regulation Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shigekazu Nagata
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, World Premier International (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gabriel Nuñez
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Overholtzer
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michele Pagano
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theocharis Panaretakis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manolis Pasparakis
- Institute for Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Campus Vienna BioCentre, Vienna, Austria
| | - David M Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marcus E Peter
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- LTTA center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hamsa Puthalakath
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME), National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Markus Rehm
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Cecilia M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emre Sayan
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Feng Shao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medicinal Biomaterials, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - John Silke
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Inflammation, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Antonella Sistigu
- Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University "Sacro Cuore", Rome, Italy
- Unit of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gyorgy Szabadkai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, London, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Daolin Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Center for DAMP Biology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory for Protein Modification and Degradation of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Andrew Thorburn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Boris Turk
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, "Jozef Stefan" Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tom Vanden Berghe
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Domagoj Vucic
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Genes, Development and Disease Group, Cancer Cell Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Wallach
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - James A Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Will Wood
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Junying Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zahra Zakeri
- Department of Biology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Toxicology Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Sud/Paris XI University, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Paris Descartes/Paris V University, Paris, France.
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
- Team 11 labeled "Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer", Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.
- INSERM U1138, Paris, France.
- Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI University, Paris, France.
- Biology Pole, European Hospital George Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
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75
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Differential role of FL-BID and t-BID during verotoxin-1-induced apoptosis in Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Oncogene 2018; 37:2410-2421. [PMID: 29440708 PMCID: PMC5931984 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The globotriaosylceramide Gb3 is a glycosphingolipid expressed on a subpopulation of germinal center B lymphocytes which has been recognized as the B cell differentiation antigen CD77. Among tumoral cell types, Gb3/CD77 is strongly expressed in Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cells as well as other solid tumors including breast, testicular and ovarian carcinomas. One known ligand of Gb3/CD77 is Verotoxin-1 (VT-1), a Shiga toxin produced in specific E. coli strains. Previously, we have reported that in BL cells, VT-1 induces apoptosis via a caspase-dependent and mitochondria-dependent pathway. Yet, the respective roles of various apoptogenic factors remained to be deciphered. Here, this apoptotic pathway was found to require cleavage of the BID protein by caspase-8 as well as activation of two other apoptogenic proteins, BAK and BAX. Surprisingly however, t-BID, the truncated form of BID resulting from caspase-8 cleavage, played no role in the conformational changes of BAK and BAX. Rather, their activation occurred under the control of full length BID (FL-BID). Indeed, introducing a non-cleavable form of BID (BID-D59A) into BID-deficient BL cells restored BAK and BAX activation following VT-1 treatment. Still, t-BID was involved along with FL-BID in the BAK-dependent and BAX-dependent cytosolic release of CYT C and SMAC/DIABLO from the mitochondrial intermembrane space: FL-BID was found to control the homo-oligomerization of both BAK and BAX, likely contributing to the initial release of CYT C and SMAC/DIABLO, while t-BID was needed for their hetero-oligomerization and ensuing release amplification. Together, our results reveal a functional cooperation between BAK and BAX during VT-1-induced apoptosis and, unexpectedly, that activation of caspase-8 and production of t-BID were not mandatory for initiation of the cell death process.
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76
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Xiao K, Zhao W, Zhou L, Chang DC. Alpha 5/6 helix domains together with N-terminus determine the apoptotic potency of the Bcl-2 family proteins. Apoptosis 2018; 21:1214-1226. [PMID: 27553060 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A critical process in apoptosis is the permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). This process is known to be regulated by the multi-domain Bcl-2 family proteins. For example, the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak are responsible for forming pores at MOM. The anti-apoptotic proteins (including Bcl-2, Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL), on the other hand, can inhibit this pore-forming process. Interestingly, although these two subgroups of proteins perform opposite apoptotic functions, their structures are very similar. This raises two highly interesting questions: (1) Why do these structurally similar proteins play opposite roles in apoptosis? (2) What are the roles of different functional domains of a Bcl-2 family protein in determining its apoptotic property? In this study, we generated a series of deletion mutants and substitution chimera, and used a combination of molecular biology, bio-informatics and living cell imaging techniques to answer these questions. Our major findings are: (1) All of the Bcl-2 family proteins appear to possess an intrinsic pro-apoptotic property. (2) The N-termini of these proteins play an active role in suppressing their pro-apoptotic function. (3) The apoptotic potency is positively correlated with membrane affinity of the alpha 5/6 helix domains. (4) Charge distribution flanking the alpha 5/6 helices is also important for the apoptotic potency. These findings explain why different members of Bcl-2 family proteins with similar domain composition can function oppositely in the apoptotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research; Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Oceanography; Key Laboratory of Optoeletronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoeletronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenrui Zhao
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liying Zhou
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Donald Choy Chang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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77
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Ivanova H, Ritaine A, Wagner L, Luyten T, Shapovalov G, Welkenhuyzen K, Seitaj B, Monaco G, De Smedt H, Prevarskaya N, Yule DI, Parys JB, Bultynck G. The trans-membrane domain of Bcl-2α, but not its hydrophobic cleft, is a critical determinant for efficient IP3 receptor inhibition. Oncotarget 2018; 7:55704-55720. [PMID: 27494888 PMCID: PMC5342447 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein is emerging as an efficient inhibitor of IP3R function, contributing to its oncogenic properties. Yet, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain not fully understood. Using mutations or pharmacological inhibition to antagonize Bcl-2's hydrophobic cleft, we excluded this functional domain as responsible for Bcl-2-mediated IP3Rs inhibition. In contrast, the deletion of the C-terminus, containing the trans-membrane domain, which is only present in Bcl-2α, but not in Bcl-2β, led to impaired inhibition of IP3R-mediated Ca2+ release and staurosporine-induced apoptosis. Strikingly, the trans-membrane domain was sufficient for IP3R binding and inhibition. We therefore propose a novel model, in which the Bcl-2's C-terminus serves as a functional anchor, which beyond mere ER-membrane targeting, underlies efficient IP3R inhibition by (i) positioning the BH4 domain in the close proximity of its binding site on IP3R, thus facilitating their interaction; (ii) inhibiting IP3R-channel openings through a direct interaction with the C-terminal region of the channel downstream of the channel-pore. Finally, since the hydrophobic cleft of Bcl-2 was not involved in IP3R suppression, our findings indicate that ABT-199 does not interfere with IP3R regulation by Bcl-2 and its mechanism of action as a cell-death therapeutic in cancer cells likely does not involve Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristina Ivanova
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abigael Ritaine
- Inserm U-1003, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer et LABEX (Laboratoire d'excellence), Université Lille1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Larry Wagner
- University of Rochester Medical Center School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Tomas Luyten
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - George Shapovalov
- Inserm U-1003, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer et LABEX (Laboratoire d'excellence), Université Lille1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Kirsten Welkenhuyzen
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bruno Seitaj
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Monaco
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Humbert De Smedt
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Natalia Prevarskaya
- Inserm U-1003, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer et LABEX (Laboratoire d'excellence), Université Lille1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - David I Yule
- University of Rochester Medical Center School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jan B Parys
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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78
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Viewing BCL2 and cell death control from an evolutionary perspective. Cell Death Differ 2017; 25:13-20. [PMID: 29099481 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The last 30 years of studying BCL2 have brought cell death research into the molecular era, and revealed its relevance to human pathophysiology. Most, if not all metazoans use an evolutionarily conserved process for cellular self destruction that is controlled and implemented by proteins related to BCL2. We propose the anti-apoptotic BCL2-like and pro-apoptotic BH3-only members of the family arose through duplication and modification of genes for the pro-apoptotic multi-BH domain family members, such as BAX and BAK1. In that way, a cell suicide process that initially evolved as a mechanism for defense against intracellular parasites was then also used in multicellular organisms for morphogenesis and to maintain the correct number of cells in adults by balancing cell production by mitosis.
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79
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Apoptosis in inner ear sensory hair cells. J Otol 2017; 12:151-164. [PMID: 29937851 PMCID: PMC6002637 DOI: 10.1016/j.joto.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, or controlled cell death, is a normal part of cellular lifespan. Cell death of cochlear hair cells causes deafness; an apoptotic process that is not well understood. Worldwide, 1.3 billion humans suffer some form of hearing loss, while 360 million suffer debilitating hearing loss as a direct result of the absence of these cochlear hair cells (Worldwide Hearing, 2014). Much is known about apoptosis in other systems and in other cell types thanks to studies done since the mid-20th century. Here we review current literature on apoptosis in general, and causes of deafness and cochlear hair cells loss as a result of apoptosis. The family of B-cell lymphoma (Bcl) proteins are among the most studied and characterized. We will review current literature on the Bcl2 and Bcl6 protein interactions in relation to apoptosis and their possible roles in vulnerability and survival of cochlear hair cells.
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80
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Protective Effects of Wogonin against Alzheimer's Disease by Inhibition of Amyloidogenic Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:3545169. [PMID: 28680449 PMCID: PMC5478820 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3545169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the pathogenic systems of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the formation of β-amyloid plaques in the brains of patients, and amyloidogenic activity becomes one of the therapeutic targets. Here, we report wogonin, one of the major active constituting components in Scutellaria baicalensis, which has the neuroprotective effects on amyloid-β peptides- (Aβ-) induced toxicity. Oral wogonin treatment improved the performance of triple transgenic AD mice (h-APPswe, h-Tau P301L, and h-PS1 M146V) on the Morris water maze, Y-maze, and novel object recognition. Furthermore, wogonin activated the neurite outgrowth of AD cells by increasing neurite length and complexity of Tet-On Aβ42-GFP SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells (AD cells) and attenuated amyloidogenic pathway by decreasing the levels of β-secretase, APP β-C-terminal fragment, Aβ-aggregation, and phosphorylated Tau. Wogonin also increased mitochondrial membrane potential (∆ψm) and protected against apoptosis by reducing the expression of Bax and cleaved PARP. Collectively, these results conclude that wogonin may be a promising multifunctional drug candidate for AD.
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81
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Simonyan L, Légiot A, Lascu I, Durand G, Giraud MF, Gonzalez C, Manon S. The substitution of Proline 168 favors Bax oligomerization and stimulates its interaction with LUVs and mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1144-1155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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82
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Santos Bubniak LD, Gaspar PC, de Moraes ACR, Bigolin A, de Souza RK, Buzzi FC, Corrêa R, Filho VC, Bretanha LC, Micke GA, Nunes RJ, Santos-Silva MC. Effects of 1,3,5-triphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole derivatives on cell-cycle and apoptosis in human acute leukemia cell lines. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:548-563. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pyrazoline is an important 5-membered nitrogen heterocycle that has been extensively researched. Ten derivatives were synthesized and tested for antileukemic effects on 2 human acute leukemia cell lines, K562 and Jurkat. The most cytotoxic of these derivatives, compound 21, was chosen for investigation of cytotoxicity mechanisms. The results obtained with selectivity calculations revealed that compound 21 is more selective for acute leukemia (K562 and Jurkat cell lines) than for other tumor cell lines. Moreover, compound 21 was not cytotoxic to normal cell lines, indicating a potential use in clinical tests. Compound 21 caused a significant cell cycle arrest in the S-phase in Jurkat cells and increased the proportion of cells in the sub G0/G1 phase in both cell lines. Cells treated with compound 21 demonstrated morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis in the EB/AO assay, confirmed by externalization of phosphatidylserine by the annexin V – fluorescein isothiocyanate method and by DNA fragmentation. An investigation of cytotoxicity mechanisms suggests the involvement of an intrinsic apoptosis pathway due to mitochondrial damage and an increase in the ratio of mitochondrial Bax/Bcl2. Pyrazoline 21 obeyed Lipinski’s “rule of five” for drug-likeness. Based on these preliminary results, the antileukemic activity of compound 21 makes it a potential anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena dos Santos Bubniak
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, 89, Campus Trindade, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Pâmela Cristina Gaspar
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, 89, Campus Trindade, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Rabello de Moraes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, 89, Campus Trindade, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Alisson Bigolin
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, 89, Campus Trindade, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rubia Karine de Souza
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, 89, Campus Trindade, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fátima Campos Buzzi
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale de Itajaí, UNIVALI, CEP - Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rogério Corrêa
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale de Itajaí, UNIVALI, CEP - Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel Filho
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale de Itajaí, UNIVALI, CEP - Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Lizandra Czermainski Bretanha
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Amadeu Micke
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ricardo José Nunes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Maria Cláudia Santos-Silva
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, 89, Campus Trindade, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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83
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Chen W, Deng W, Goldys EM. Light-Triggerable Liposomes for Enhanced Endolysosomal Escape and Gene Silencing in PC12 Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017. [PMID: 28624212 PMCID: PMC5423320 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are an effective gene and/or drug delivery system, widely used in biomedical applications including gene therapy and chemotherapy. Here, we designed a photo-responsive liposome (lipVP) loaded with a photosensitizer verteporfin (VP). This photosensitizer is clinically approved for photodynamic therapy (PDT). LipVP was employed as a DNA carrier for pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) receptor 1 (PAC1R) gene knockdown in PC12 cells. This has been done by incorporating PAC1R antisense oligonucleotides inside the lipVP cavity. Cells that have taken up the lipVP were exposed to light from a UV light source. As a result of this exposure, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were generated from VP, destabilizing the endolysosomal membranes and enhancing the liposomal release of antisense DNA into the cytoplasm. Endolysosomal escape of DNA was documented at different time points based on quantitative analysis of colocalization between fluorescently labeled DNA and endosomes and lysosomes. The released antisense oligonucleotides were found to silence PAC1R mRNA. The efficiency of this photo-induced gene silencing was demonstrated by a 74% ± 5% decrease in PAC1R fluorescence intensity. Following the light-induced DNA transfer into cells, cell differentiation with exposure to two kinds of PACAP peptides was observed to determine the cell phenotypic change after PAC1R gene knockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Chen
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Wei Deng
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Ewa M Goldys
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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84
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Toxicity study of oxalicumone A, derived from a marine-derived fungus Penicillium oxalicum, in cultured renal epithelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2611-2619. [PMID: 28260084 PMCID: PMC5428325 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxalicumone A (POA), a novel dihydrothiophene-condensed chromone, was isolated from the marine-derived fungus Penicillium oxalicum. Previous reports demonstrated that POA exhibits strong activity against human carcinoma cells, thus it has been suggested as a bioactive anticancer agent. To research the toxic effect of POA on cultured normal epithelial human kidney-2 (HK-2) cells and evaluate its clinical safety, cell survival was evaluated by the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and apoptosis was evaluated by Hoechst 33258 staining, flow cytometry, caspase-3 activity assay and western blotting. 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate and JC-1 dye staining was used to evaluate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), respectively. The results indicated that POA inhibited HK-2 cell growth and promoted apoptosis, by increasing levels of Fas cell surface cell receptor and the B-cell lymphoma 2 associated protein X apoptosis regulator (Bax)/B-cell lymphoma 2 apoptosis regulator (Bcl-2) ratio. POA treatment also induced release of ROS and loss of MMP in HK-2 cells. Compared with untreated control, a significant decrease was also demonstrated in superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione content with POA treatment, accompanied by enhanced release of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, increased leakage of lactate dehydrogenase, increased malondialdehyde formation and increased release of nitric oxide. In conclusion, the present in vitro study revealed that POA exhibits antiproliferation activity on HK-2 cells, through stimulation of apoptosis and oxidative stress injury, which may be relevant to its clinical application. The present study may, therefore, offer valuable new information regarding the use of POA as a candidate novel antitumor drug for clinical use.
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85
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Shi LL, Zhang N, Xie XM, Chen YJ, Wang R, Shen L, Zhou JS, Hu JG, Lü HZ. Transcriptome profile of rat genes in injured spinal cord at different stages by RNA-sequencing. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:173. [PMID: 28201982 PMCID: PMC5312572 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3532-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in fatal damage and currently has no effective treatment. The pathological mechanisms of SCI remain unclear. In this study, genome-wide transcriptional profiling of spinal cord samples from injured rats at different time points after SCI was performed by RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq). The transcriptomes were systematically characterized to identify the critical genes and pathways that are involved in SCI pathology. Results RNA-Seq results were obtained from total RNA harvested from the spinal cords of sham control rats and rats in the acute, subacute, and chronic phases of SCI (1 day, 6 days and 28 days after injury, respectively; n = 3 in every group). Compared with the sham-control group, the number of differentially expressed genes was 1797 in the acute phase (1223 upregulated and 574 downregulated), 6590 in the subacute phase (3460 upregulated and 3130 downregulated), and 3499 in the chronic phase (1866 upregulated and 1633 downregulated), with an adjusted P-value <0.05 by DESeq. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were most enriched in immune response, MHC protein complex, antigen processing and presentation, translation-related genes, structural constituent of ribosome, ion gated channel activity, small GTPase mediated signal transduction and cytokine and/or chemokine activity. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the most enriched pathways included ribosome, antigen processing and presentation, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, axon guidance, dopaminergic synapses, glutamatergic synapses, GABAergic synapses, TNF, HIF-1, Toll-like receptor, NF-kappa B, NOD-like receptor, cAMP, calcium, oxytocin, Rap1, B cell receptor and chemokine signaling pathway. Conclusions This study has not only characterized changes in global gene expression through various stages of SCI progression in rats, but has also systematically identified the critical genes and signaling pathways in SCI pathology. These results will expand our understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms involved in SCI and provide a foundation for future studies of spinal cord tissue damage and repair. The sequence data from this study have been deposited into Sequence Read Archive (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra; accession number PRJNA318311). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3532-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Shi
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004, People's Republic of China.,Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Chang Huai Road, Anhui, 233004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Mei Xie
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Chang Huai Road, Anhui, 233004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Juan Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Chang Huai Road, Anhui, 233004, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Chang Huai Road, Anhui, 233004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Shen
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Chang Huai Road, Anhui, 233004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Sheng Zhou
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Chang Huai Road, Anhui, 233004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guo Hu
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004, People's Republic of China. .,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Chang Huai Road, Anhui, 233004, People's Republic of China.
| | - He-Zuo Lü
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004, People's Republic of China. .,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Chang Huai Road, Anhui, 233004, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030, People's Republic of China.
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86
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Preventive treatment of astaxanthin provides neuroprotection through suppression of reactive oxygen species and activation of antioxidant defense pathway after stroke in rats. Brain Res Bull 2017; 130:211-220. [PMID: 28161193 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin, a natural antioxidant carotenoid, has been shown to reduce cerebral ischemic injury in rodents. However, there have not been any studies specifically addressing whether preventive administration of astaxanthin can protect against cerebral ischemia. The purpose of this study was to examine whether pretreatment of astaxanthin can protect against ischemic injuries in the adult rats. The rats were pre-administered intragastrically with astaxanthin for seven days (once a day), and middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed at 1h after the final administration. It was found that astaxanthin prevented neurological deficits and reduced cerebral infarction volume. To evaluate the mechanisms underlying this protection, brain tissues were assayed for free radical damage, antioxidant gene expression, cell apoptosis and regeneration. The results showed that the mechanisms involved suppression of reactive oxygen species, activation of antioxidant defense pathway, and inhibition of apoptosis as well as promotion of neural regeneration. Astaxanthin did not alter body weights and the protective effect was found to be dose-dependent. Collectively, our data suggest that pretreatment of astaxanthin can protect against ischemia-related damages in brain tissue through multiple mechanisms, hinting that astaxanthin may have significant protective effects for patients vulnerable or prone to ischemic events.
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87
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Ivanova H, Luyten T, Decrock E, Vervliet T, Leybaert L, Parys JB, Bultynck G. The BH4 domain of Bcl-2 orthologues from different classes of vertebrates can act as an evolutionary conserved inhibitor of IP 3 receptor channels. Cell Calcium 2017; 62:41-46. [PMID: 28179071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+ signalling plays an important role in various physiological processes in vertebrates. In mammals, the highly conserved anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein is an important modulator of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), i.e. the main intracellular Ca2+ - release channel located at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The Bcl-2 Homology (BH) 4 domain of Bcl-2 (BH4-Bcl-2) is a critical determinant for inhibiting IP3Rs, by directly targeting a region in the modulatory domain of the receptor (domain 3). In this paper, we aimed to track the evolutionary history of IP3R regulation by the BH4 domain of Bcl-2 orthologues from different classes of vertebrates, including Osteichthyes, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia. The high degree of conservation of the BH4 sequences correlated with the ability of all tested peptides to bind to the domain 3 of mouse IP3R1 in GST-pull downs and their overall ability to inhibit IP3-induced Ca2+ release (IICR) in permeabilized cells. Nevertheless, the BH4 domains differed in their potency to suppress IICR. The peptide derived from X. laevis was the least potent inhibitor. We identified a critical residue in BH4-Bcl-2 from H. sapiens, Thr7, which is replaced by Gly7 in X. laevis. Compared to the wild type X. laevis BH4-Bcl-2, a "humanized" version of the peptide (BH4-Bcl-2 Gly7Thr), displayed increased IP3R-inhibitory properties. Despite the differences in the inhibitory efficiency, our data indicate that the BH4 domain of Bcl-2 orthologues from different classes of vertebrates can act as a binding partner and inhibitor of IP3R channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristina Ivanova
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and, Herestraat 49, BE-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tomas Luyten
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and, Herestraat 49, BE-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elke Decrock
- Ghent University, Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, BE-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Vervliet
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and, Herestraat 49, BE-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Leybaert
- Ghent University, Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, BE-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and, Herestraat 49, BE-3000, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), BE-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and, Herestraat 49, BE-3000, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), BE-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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88
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Maes ME, Schlamp CL, Nickells RW. BAX to basics: How the BCL2 gene family controls the death of retinal ganglion cells. Prog Retin Eye Res 2017; 57:1-25. [PMID: 28064040 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death is the principal consequence of injury to the optic nerve. For several decades, we have understood that the RGC death process was executed by apoptosis, suggesting that there may be ways to therapeutically intervene in this cell death program and provide a more direct treatment to the cells and tissues affected in diseases like glaucoma. A major part of this endeavor has been to elucidate the molecular biological pathways active in RGCs from the point of axonal injury to the point of irreversible cell death. A major component of this process is the complex interaction of members of the BCL2 gene family. Three distinct family members of proteins orchestrate the most critical junction in the apoptotic program of RGCs, culminating in the activation of pro-apoptotic BAX. Once active, BAX causes irreparable damage to mitochondria, while precipitating downstream events that finish off a dying ganglion cell. This review is divided into two major parts. First, we summarize the extent of knowledge of how BCL2 gene family proteins interact to facilitate the activation and function of BAX. This area of investigation has rapidly changed over the last few years and has yielded a dramatically different mechanistic understanding of how the intrinsic apoptotic program is run in mammalian cells. Second, we provided a comprehensive analysis of nearly two decades of investigation of the role of BAX in the process of RGC death, much of which has provided many important insights into the overall pathophysiology of diseases like glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Maes
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cassandra L Schlamp
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Robert W Nickells
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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89
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Multi-parametric imaging of cell heterogeneity in apoptosis analysis. Methods 2017; 112:105-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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90
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Bhat TA, Chaudhary AK, Kumar S, O'Malley J, Inigo JR, Kumar R, Yadav N, Chandra D. Endoplasmic reticulum-mediated unfolded protein response and mitochondrial apoptosis in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1867:58-66. [PMID: 27988298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abrogation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein folding triggered by exogenous or endogenous factors, stimulates a cellular stress response, termed ER stress. ER stress re-establishes ER homeostasis through integrated signaling termed the ER-unfolded protein response (UPRER). In the presence of severe toxic or prolonged ER stress, the pro-survival function of UPRER is transformed into a lethal signal transmitted to and executed through mitochondria. Mitochondria are key for both apoptotic and autophagic cell death. Thus ER is vital in sensing and coordinating stress pathways to maintain overall physiological homeostasis. However, this function is deregulated in cancer, resulting in resistance to apoptosis induction in response to various stressors including therapeutic agents. Here we review the connections between ER stress and mitochondrial apoptosis, describing potential cancer therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq A Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Ajay K Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Jordan O'Malley
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Joseph R Inigo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Neelu Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Dhyan Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States.
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91
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Abstract
As the heart is an energy-demanding organ, impaired cardiac energy metabolism and mitochondrial function have been inexorably linked to cardiac dysfunction. There is a growing recognition that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to impaired myocardial energetics and increased oxidative stress in cardiomyopathies, cardiac ischemic damage and heart failure (HF), and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening has been reported a critical trigger of myocyte death and myocardial remodeling. It is well established that mitochondria play pivotal roles in intracellular signaling in both cell death as well as in cardioprotective pathways. Moreover, recent studies have shown that defects in mitochondrial dynamics affecting biogenesis and turnover are linked to cardiac senescence and HF. Accordingly, there has been an increasing interest in targeting mitochondria for HF therapy. This article reviews the background and recent evidence of mitochondrial involvement in several types of cell death (apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy) occurring in HF. In addition, potential strategies for targeting mitochondria are examined, and their utility in HF therapy considered.
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92
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Wang Y, Li M, Xu L, Liu J, Wang D, Li Q, Wang L, Li P, Chen S, Liu T. Expression of Bcl-2 and microRNAs in cardiac tissues of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:359-365. [PMID: 27922664 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is associated with sudden cardiac death and heart failure, resulting in a significant medical burden. The mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of DCM remain elusive. In the present study, human cardiac tissues from patients with DCM and healthy donors were collected and their pathology was examined. The expression levels of apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 and fibrosis-associated microRNAs were also evaluated. Extensive myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis in DCM cardiac tissues was observed. As demonstrated by western blotting, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, the expression of Bcl‑2 was significantly increased in the apex, and the left and right ventricle of the heart in patients with DCM. In the specified locations, it was identified that miR‑21 was upregulated, while members of miR‑29 family (miR‑29a, miR‑29b and miR‑29c) and miR‑133 family (miR-133a and miR-133b) were downregulated. The present study suggested that Bcl‑2 and specific microRNAs may be involved in DCM pathogenesis, with a potential implication as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Ju Liu
- Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Peijie Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Shanliang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Tianqi Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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Abstract
The BCL2-selective BH3 mimetic venetoclax was recently approved for the treatment of relapsed, chromosome 17p-deleted chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and is undergoing extensive testing, alone and in combination, in lymphomas, acute leukemias, and solid tumors. Here we summarize recent advances in understanding of the biology of BCL2 family members that shed light on the action of BH3 mimetics, review preclinical and clinical studies leading to the regulatory approval of venetoclax, and discuss future investigation of this new class of antineoplastic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Dai
- Division of Oncology Research , Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Center for Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - X Wei Meng
- Division of Oncology Research , Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Scott H Kaufmann
- Division of Oncology Research , Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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94
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Xiang J, Wang Z, Liu Q, Li X, Sun J, Fung KP, Liu F. DMFC (3,5-dimethyl- 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one) regulates Bim to trigger Bax and Bak activation to suppress drug-resistant human hepatoma. Apoptosis 2016; 22:381-392. [PMID: 27873035 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1331-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
3,5-Dimethyl-7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one (DMFC) is a coumarin derivative with anti-cancer activity against human hepatoma cells, but the mechanisms underlying DMFC function in cancer suppression is unknown. In this study, we aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying DMFC anti-cancer activity and determining whether DMFC is effective in suppression of drug-resistant human hepatocellular carcinoma. We show here that DMFC effectively suppresses both the parent and the multidrug-resistant hepatoma cell growth in vitro and DMFC suppresses hepatoma cell growth at least in part through inducing tumor cell apoptosis. In the molecular level, we observed that DMFC treatment decreases Bcl-2 level by a post-transcriptional mechanism and activates Bim transcription to increase Bim mRNA and protein level in hepatoma cells. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation studies revealed that DMFC-induced Bim interrupts interactions between Bcl-2 and Bax and between Mcl-1 and Bak, resulting in dissociation of Bax from Bcl-2 and Bak from Mcl-1 and subsequent activation of both Bax and Bak. Activation of Bax and Bak leads to mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and cytochrome c release. Consistent with its potent apoptosis-inducing activity, DMFC exhibited potent activity against the multidrug-resistant hepatoma xenograft growth in vivo. Therefore, we determine that DMFC suppresses hepatoma growth through decreasing Bcl-2 and increasing Bim to induce tumor cell apoptosis and hold great promise for further development as a therapeutic agent to treat chemoresistant hepatoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiang
- Research Centre of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.,Joint Centre of Zhejiang University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Research Centre of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.,Joint Centre of Zhejiang University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Zhejiang University Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Li
- Research Centre of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.,Joint Centre of Zhejiang University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Research Centre of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.,Joint Centre of Zhejiang University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kwok-Pui Fung
- Joint Centre of Zhejiang University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Biomedical Sciences (SBS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyan Liu
- Research Centre of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China. .,Joint Centre of Zhejiang University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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95
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Fu W, Hu H, Dang K, Chang H, Du B, Wu X, Gao Y. Remarkable preservation of Ca(2+) homeostasis and inhibition of apoptosis contribute to anti-muscle atrophy effect in hibernating Daurian ground squirrels. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27020. [PMID: 27256167 PMCID: PMC4891705 DOI: 10.1038/srep27020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms that hibernators deviated from muscle atrophy during prolonged hibernating inactivity remain elusive. This study tested the hypothesis that the maintenance of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and inhibition of apoptosis would be responsible for preventing muscle atrophy in hibernating Daurian ground squirrels. The results showed that intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis was maintained in soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) in hibernation and post-hibernation, while cytosolic Ca2+ was overloaded in gastrocnemius (GAS) in hibernation with a recovery in post-hibernation. The Ca2+ overload was also observed in interbout arousals in all three type muscles. Besides, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was unchanged in transcriptional level among pre-hibernation, hibernation and interbout arousals, and reduced to a minimum in post-hibernation. Furthermore, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in protein level was reduced in hibernation but recovered in interbout arousals. Although cytochrome C was increased in GAS and EDL in post-hibernation, no apoptosis was observed by TUNEL assay. These findings suggested that the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis in hibernation might be regulated by the cytosolic Ca2+ overload during interbout arousals, which were likely responsible for preventing muscle atrophy via inhibition of apoptosis. Moreover, the muscle-specificity indicated that the different mechanisms against disuse-induced atrophy might be involved in different muscles in hibernation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Huanxin Hu
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luo Yang 471003, China
| | - Kai Dang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Hui Chang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Bei Du
- Shaanxi Institute of International Trade and Commerce, Xian Yang 712046, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yunfang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, China
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Madduma Hewage SRK, Piao MJ, Kang KA, Ryu YS, Han X, Oh MC, Jung U, Kim IG, Hyun JW. Hesperidin Attenuates Ultraviolet B-Induced Apoptosis by Mitigating Oxidative Stress in Human Keratinocytes. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:312-9. [PMID: 26797112 PMCID: PMC4859795 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin cells undergo pathophysiological processes via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon excessive exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. This study investigated the ability of hesperidin (C28H34O15) to prevent apoptosis due to oxidative stress generated through UVB-induced ROS. Hesperidin significantly scavenged ROS generated by UVB radiation, attenuated the oxidation of cellular macromolecules, established mitochondrial membrane polarization, and prevented the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Hesperidin downregulated expression of caspase-9, caspase-3, and Bcl-2-associated X protein, and upregulated expression of B-cell lymphoma 2. Hesperidin absorbed wavelengths of light within the UVB range. In summary, hesperidin shielded human keratinocytes from UVB radiation-induced damage and apoptosis via its antioxidant and UVB absorption properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mei Jing Piao
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ah Kang
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Seong Ryu
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Xia Han
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Chang Oh
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Uhee Jung
- Radiation Biotechnology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - In Gyu Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
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97
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Jing Y, Wang G, Ge Y, Xu M, Tang S, Gong Z. AA-PMe, a novel asiatic acid derivative, induces apoptosis and suppresses proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:1605-21. [PMID: 27073325 PMCID: PMC4806767 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s98849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA; 2α,3β,23-trihydroxyurs-12-ene-28-oic acid) is widely used for medicinal purposes in many Asian countries due to its various bioactivities. A series of AA derivatives has been synthesized in attempts to improve its therapeutic potencies. Herein we investigated the anti-tumor activities of N-(2α,3β,23-acetoxyurs-12-en-28-oyl)-l-proline methyl ester (AA-PMe), a novel AA derivative. AA-PMe exhibited a stronger anti-cancer activity than its parent compound AA. AA-PMe inhibited the proliferation of SGC7901 and HGC27 human gastric cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner but had no significant toxicity in human gastric mucosa epithelial cells (GES-1). AA-PMe induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and blocked G1-S transition, which correlated well with marked decreases in levels of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase CKD4, and phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein, and increase in cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor P15. Further, AA-PMe induced apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells by affecting Bcl-2, Bax, c-Myc, and caspase-3. Moreover, AA-PMe suppressed the migration and invasion of human gastric cancer cells (SGC7901 and HGC27) cells by downregulating the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Overall, this study investigated the potential anti-cancer activities of AA-PMe including inducing apoptosis and suppressing proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells, as well as the underlying mechanisms, suggesting that AA-PMe is a promising anti-cancer drug candidate in gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jing
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Ge
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjie Xu
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuainan Tang
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhunan Gong
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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98
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Große L, Wurm CA, Brüser C, Neumann D, Jans DC, Jakobs S. Bax assembles into large ring-like structures remodeling the mitochondrial outer membrane in apoptosis. EMBO J 2016; 35:402-13. [PMID: 26783364 PMCID: PMC4755111 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201592789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bcl-2 family proteins Bax and Bak are essential for the execution of many apoptotic programs. During apoptosis, Bax translocates to the mitochondria and mediates the permeabilization of the outer membrane, thereby facilitating the release of pro-apoptotic proteins. Yet the mechanistic details of the Bax-induced membrane permeabilization have so far remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that activated Bax molecules, besides forming large and compact clusters, also assemble, potentially with other proteins including Bak, into ring-like structures in the mitochondrial outer membrane. STED nanoscopy indicates that the area enclosed by a Bax ring is devoid of mitochondrial outer membrane proteins such as Tom20, Tom22, and Sam50. This strongly supports the view that the Bax rings surround an opening required for mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). Even though these Bax assemblies may be necessary for MOMP, we demonstrate that at least in Drp1 knockdown cells, these assemblies are not sufficient for full cytochrome c release. Together, our super-resolution data provide direct evidence in support of large Bax-delineated pores in the mitochondrial outer membrane as being crucial for Bax-mediated MOMP in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Große
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian A Wurm
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Brüser
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Neumann
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel C Jans
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Jakobs
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
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99
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LYG-202 exerts antitumor effect on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in human breast cancer cells. Apoptosis 2016; 20:1253-69. [PMID: 26153346 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the antitumor effect of LYG-202, a newly synthesized piperazine-substituted derivative of flavonoid on human breast cancer cells and illustrate the potential mechanisms. LYG-202 induced apoptosis in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435 cells. LYG-202 triggered the activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway through multiple steps: increasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ(m)), activating caspase-9 and caspase-3, inducing cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, cytochrome c release and apoptosis-inducing factor translocation. Furthermore, LYG-202 inhibited cell cycle progression at the G1/S transition via targeting Cyclin D, CDK4 and p21(Waf1/Cip1). Additionally, LYG-202 increased the generation of intracellular ROS. N-Acetyl cysteine, an antioxidant, reversed LYG-202-induced apoptosis suggesting that LYG-202 induces apoptosis by accelerating ROS generation. Further, we found that LYG-202 deactivated the PI3K/Akt pathway, activated Bad phosphorylation, increased Cyclin D and Bcl-xL expression, and inhibited NF-κB nuclear translocation. Activation of PI3K/Akt pathway by IGF-1 attenuated LYG-202-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Our in vivo study showed that LYG-202 exhibited a potential antitumor effect in nude mice inoculated with MCF-7 tumor through similar mechanisms identified in cultured cells. In summary, our results demonstrated that LYG-202 induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via targeting PI3K/Akt pathway, indicating that LYG-202 is a potential anticancer agent for breast cancer.
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100
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Delbridge ARD, Grabow S, Strasser A, Vaux DL. Thirty years of BCL-2: translating cell death discoveries into novel cancer therapies. Nat Rev Cancer 2016; 16:99-109. [PMID: 26822577 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2015.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 530] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The 'hallmarks of cancer' are generally accepted as a set of genetic and epigenetic alterations that a normal cell must accrue to transform into a fully malignant cancer. It follows that therapies designed to counter these alterations might be effective as anti-cancer strategies. Over the past 30 years, research on the BCL-2-regulated apoptotic pathway has led to the development of small-molecule compounds, known as 'BH3-mimetics', that bind to pro-survival BCL-2 proteins to directly activate apoptosis of malignant cells. This Timeline article focuses on the discovery and study of BCL-2, the wider BCL-2 protein family and, specifically, its roles in cancer development and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex R D Delbridge
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and the Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie Grabow
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and the Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and the Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David L Vaux
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and the Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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