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Xu C, Yang Y, Yang J, Chen X, Wang G. Analysis of the role of the integrin signaling pathway in hepatocytes during rat liver regeneration. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2012; 17:274-88. [PMID: 22396140 PMCID: PMC6275568 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-012-0011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the role of the integrin signaling pathway in hepatocytes during rat liver regeneration, the integrin signaling pathway-related gene expression profile in hepatocytes of regenerative liver was detected using Rat Genome 230 2.0 array. The chip data showed that 265 genes of the integrin signaling pathway were included by Rat Genome 230 2.0 array and 132 genes showed significant expression changes in hepatocytes of regenerative liver. The numbers of up-, down- and up/down-regulated genes were 110, 15 and 7 respectively. In addition, bioinformatics and systems biology methods were used to analyze the role of the integrin signaling pathway in hepatocytes. The analysis of gene synergy value indicated that paths 1, 8, 12, and 15 promoted hepatocyte proliferation at the priming phase of liver regeneration; paths 1, 3, 8, and 12-15 enhanced hepatocyte proliferation at the progressing phase; paths 11 and 14 promoted hepatocyte proliferation, while paths 12 and 13 reduced hepatocyte proliferation at the terminal phase. Additionally, the other 8 paths (2, 4, 5-7, 9-10, and 16) were not found to be related to liver regeneration. In conclusion, 132 genes and 8 cascades of the integrin signaling pathway participated in regulating hepatocyte proliferation during rat liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunshuan Xu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P.R. China.
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52
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Kulangara K, Yang Y, Yang J, Leong KW. Nanotopography as modulator of human mesenchymal stem cell function. Biomaterials 2012; 33:4998-5003. [PMID: 22516607 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanotopography changes human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) from their shape to their differentiation potential; however little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here we study the culture of hMSC on polydimethylsiloxane substrates with 350 nm grating topography and investigate the focal adhesion composition and dynamics using biochemical and imaging techniques. Our results show that zyxin protein plays a key role in the hMSC response to nanotopography. Zyxin expression is downregulated on 350 nm gratings, leading to smaller and more dynamic focal adhesion. Since the association of zyxin with focal adhesions is force-dependent, smaller zyxin-positive adhesion as well as its higher turnover rate suggests that the traction force in focal adhesion on 350 nm topography is decreased. These changes lead to faster and more directional migration on 350 nm gratings. These findings demonstrate that nanotopography decreases the mechanical forces acting on focal adhesions in hMSC and suggest that force-dependent changes in zyxin protein expression and kinetics underlie the focal adhesion remodeling in response to 350 nm grating topography, resulting in modulation of hMSC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Kulangara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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53
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Kuo SW, Lin HI, Ho JHC, Shih YRV, Chen HF, Yen TJ, Lee OK. Regulation of the fate of human mesenchymal stem cells by mechanical and stereo-topographical cues provided by silicon nanowires. Biomaterials 2012; 33:5013-22. [PMID: 22513273 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular stimuli imposed on stem cells enable efficient initiation of mechanotransductive signaling to regulate stem cell fates; however, how such physical cues conferred by the stereo-topographical matrix govern the fate of stem cells still remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to delineate the effects of stereotopography and its various relevant physical properties on the fate regulation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Stereo-topographical silicon nanowires (SiNWs) that were precisely controlled with respect to their various dimensions and their growth orientation were used in this study. hMSCs cultured on stereo SiNWs of different lengths in the absence of biochemical osteogenic induction cues displayed a spherical and less-elongated morphology and showed an approximately 10% loss of cell viability compared to those grown on two-dimensional (2-D) flat Si. Moreover, osteogenic gene expression of COL1A1 and Runx2 in hMSCs cultured on the shortest SiNWs was significantly higher than those grown on the longer SiNWs and 2-D flat Si. hMSCs grown on shorter SiNWs also demonstrated higher expression levels for F-actin, phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (pFAK), vinculin and alpha 2 integrin. Stereo-topographical cues provided by SiNWs are able to regulate osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs via cytoskeleton remodeling and this is correlated with the differential expression of alpha 2/beta 1 integrin heterodimers and the focal adhesion molecules pFAK and vinculin. The findings in this study provide insights in terms of the design of stereo-topographical structures for use in tissue engineering, bone regeneration and relevant medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wen Kuo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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54
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Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum is an opportunistic pathogen in AIDS patients. It is an intracellular but extracytoplasmic parasite residing in a host cell-derived parasitophorous vacuole. It is still poorly understood how this parasite interacts with host cells. We observed that expression of the integrin α2 (ITGA2) gene in host cells was significantly upregulated upon C. parvum infection, and a higher level of ITGA2 protein was present in the parasite infection sites. The infection could be reduced by the treatment of antibodies against ITGA2 and integrin β1 (ITGB1) subunits, as well as by type I collagen (an integrin α2β1 ligand). We also generated stable knockdown of ITGA2 gene expression in HCT-8 cells and observed consistent reduction of parasite infection in these knockdown cells. Collectively, our evidence indicates that host cell ITGA2 might be involved in interacting with Cryptosporidium during infection, probably acting as part of the regulatory elements upstream of the reported recruiting and reorganization of F actin at the infection sites.
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55
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Turnover of focal adhesions and cancer cell migration. Int J Cell Biol 2012; 2012:310616. [PMID: 22319531 PMCID: PMC3272802 DOI: 10.1155/2012/310616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells are usually surrounded by the extracellular matrix (ECM), and adhesion of the cells to the ECM is a key step in their migration through tissues. Integrins are important receptors for the ECM and form structures called focal adhesions (FAs). Formation and disassembly of FAs are regulated dynamically during cell migration. Adhesion to the ECM has been studied mainly using cells cultured on an ECM-coated substratum, where the rate of cell migration is determined by the turnover of FAs. However, the molecular events underlying the disassembly of FAs are less well understood. We have recently identified both a new regulator of this disassembly process and its interaction partners. Here, we summarize our understanding of FA disassembly by focusing on the proteins implicated in this process.
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56
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Modolo F, Biz MT, de Sousa SM, Fachinelli RDL, Crema VO. Immunohistochemical expression of Rho GTPases in ameloblastomas. J Oral Pathol Med 2011; 41:400-7. [PMID: 22092654 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2011.01108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rho GTPases are proteins that regulate cell cycle, shape, polarization, invasion, migration, and apoptosis, which are important characteristics of normal and neoplastic cells. Rho GTPases expression has been reported in normal tooth germ and several pathologies; however, it has not been evaluated in ameloblastomas. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression and distribution of RhoA, RhoB, Rac1, and Cdc42 Rho GTPases in solid and unicystic ameloblastomas. Three-micrometer sections from paraffin-embedded specimens were evaluated by using an avidin-biotin immunohistochemical method with antibodies against the proteins mentioned above. RhoA and RhoB staining was observed in a high number of cells (P < 0.05) and greater intensity in non-polarized ones. Rac1 was not observed, and Cdc42 did not show any statistical differences between the number of non-polarized and basal positive cells (P > 0.05). Upon comparing the studied ameloblastomas, a higher number of positive cells in the unicystic variant was observed than that in the solid one (P < 0,05). The results obtained suggest that these GTPases could play a role in the ameloblastoma neoplastic epithelial cell phenotype determination (polarized or non-polarized), as well as in variant (solid or unicystic) and subtype (follicular or plexiform) determination. Furthermore, they could participate in solid ameloblastoma invasion mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Modolo
- Pathology Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
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57
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HIC-5: A Mobile Molecular Scaffold Regulating the Anchorage Dependence of Cell Growth. Int J Cell Biol 2011; 2012:426138. [PMID: 22145007 PMCID: PMC3227459 DOI: 10.1155/2012/426138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HIC-5 is a multidomain LIM protein homologous to paxillin that serves as a molecular scaffold at focal adhesions and in the nucleus. It forms mobile molecular units with LIM-only proteins, PINCH, and CRP2 and translocates in and out of the nucleus via a nuclear export signal (NES). Of note, NES of HIC-5 is distinctive in its sensitivity to the cellular redox state. Recently, the mobile units of HIC-5 have been suggested to be involved in the regulation of the anchorage dependence of cell growth. On loss of adhesion, an increase in reactive oxygen species in the cells modifies NES and stops shuttling, which leads to cell-cycle control. More specifically, the system circumvents nuclear localization of cyclin D1 and transactivates p21Cip1 in detached cells, thereby avoiding anchorage-independent cell growth. Thus, the HIC-5-LIM only protein complex has emerged as a fail-safe system for regulating the anchorage dependence of cell growth.
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58
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Bai H, Chen K, Gao YX, Arzigian M, Xie YL, Malcosky C, Yang YG, Wu WS, Wang ZZ. Bcl-xL enhances single-cell survival and expansion of human embryonic stem cells without affecting self-renewal. Stem Cell Res 2011; 8:26-37. [PMID: 22099018 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Robust expansion and genetic manipulation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are limited by poor cell survival after enzymatic dissociation into single cells. Although inhibition of apoptosis is implicated for the single-cell survival of hESCs, the protective role of attenuation of apoptosis in hESC survival has not been elucidated. Bcl-xL is one of several anti-apoptotic proteins, which are members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins. Using an inducible system, we ectopically expressed Bcl-xL gene in hESCs, and found a significant increase of hESC colonies in the single-cell suspension cultures. Overexpression of Bcl-xL in hESCs decreased apoptotic caspase-3(+) cells, suggesting attenuation of apoptosis in hESCs. Without altering the kinetics of pluripotent gene expression, the efficiency to generate embryoid bodies (EBs) in vitro and the formation of teratoma in vivo were significantly increased in Bcl-xL-overexpressing hESCs after single-cell dissociation. Interestingly, the number and size of hESC colonies from cluster cultures were not affected by Bcl-xL overexpression. Several genes of extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules were upregulated by Bcl-xL in hESCs without single-cell dissociation, suggesting that Bcl-xL regulates adhesion molecular expression independent of cell dissociation. In addition, the gene expressions of FAS and several TNF signaling mediators were downregulated by Bcl-xL. These data support a model in which Bcl-xL promotes cell survival and increases cloning efficiency of dissociated hESCs without altering hESC self-renewal by i) attenuation of apoptosis, and ii) upregulation of adhesion molecules to facilitate cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Bai
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
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59
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Integrin signaling, cell survival, and anoikis: distinctions, differences, and differentiation. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2011; 2011:738137. [PMID: 21785723 PMCID: PMC3139189 DOI: 10.1155/2011/738137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell survival and apoptosis implicate an increasing complexity of players and signaling pathways which regulate not only the decision-making process of surviving (or dying), but as well the execution of cell death proper. The same complex nature applies to anoikis, a form of caspase-dependent apoptosis that is largely regulated by integrin-mediated, cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Not surprisingly, the regulation of cell survival, apoptosis, and anoikis furthermore implicates additional mechanistic distinctions according to the specific tissue, cell type, and species. Incidentally, studies in recent years have unearthed yet another layer of complexity in the regulation of these cell processes, namely, the implication of cell differentiation state-specific mechanisms. Further analyses of such differentiation state-distinct mechanisms, either under normal or physiopathological contexts, should increase our understanding of diseases which implicate a deregulation of integrin function, cell survival, and anoikis.
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60
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Rangamani P, Fardin MA, Xiong Y, Lipshtat A, Rossier O, Sheetz MP, Iyengar R. Signaling network triggers and membrane physical properties control the actin cytoskeleton-driven isotropic phase of cell spreading. Biophys J 2011; 100:845-57. [PMID: 21320428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.12.3732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell spreading is regulated by signaling from the integrin receptors that activate intracellular signaling pathways to control actin filament regulatory proteins. We developed a hybrid model of whole-cell spreading in which we modeled the integrin signaling network as ordinary differential equations in multiple compartments, and cell spreading as a three-dimensional stochastic model. The computed activity of the signaling network, represented as time-dependent activity levels of the actin filament regulatory proteins, is used to drive the filament dynamics. We analyzed the hybrid model to understand the role of signaling during the isotropic phase of fibroblasts spreading on fibronectin-coated surfaces. Simulations showed that the isotropic phase of spreading depends on integrin signaling to initiate spreading but not to maintain the spreading dynamics. Simulations predicted that signal flow in the absence of Cdc42 or WASP would reduce the spreading rate but would not affect the shape evolution of the spreading cell. These predictions were verified experimentally. Computational analyses showed that the rate of spreading and the evolution of cell shape are largely controlled by the membrane surface load and membrane bending rigidity, and changing information flow through the integrin signaling network has little effect. Overall, the plasma membrane acts as a damper such that only ∼5% of the actin dynamics capability is needed for isotropic spreading. Thus, the biophysical properties of the plasma membrane can condense varying levels of signaling network activities into a single cohesive macroscopic cellular behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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61
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Zhang D, Pan X, Ohno S, Osuga T, Sawada S, Sato K. No effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on expression of cell adhesion molecules (integrin, CD44) and matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 in osteosarcoma cell lines. Bioelectromagnetics 2011; 32:463-73. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.20647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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62
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Chen CJ, Tseng MC, Lin HJ, Lin TW, Chen YR. Visual indicator for surfactant abundance in MS-based membrane and general proteomics applications. Anal Chem 2011; 82:8283-90. [PMID: 20828166 DOI: 10.1021/ac1017937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The existence of surfactants in proteomics samples can severely reduce enzymatic digestion efficiency, liquid chromatography (LC) separation efficiency, column lifetime, and mass spectrometry (MS) sensitivity. Although various techniques are able to remove surfactants, surfactants may occasionally be retained in samples due to variations in sample preparation method or personal skill. Evaluation of surfactant residue in a sample, however, usually requires an additional instrument and is time-consuming. In this study, a simple and rapid visual indicator for surfactant abundance (VISA) was developed. With the detection of a visible surfactant pellet in the solution, this assay was able to detect surfactant residue in aqueous solutions within 5 min. Without the need of additional equipment such as a mass spectrometer, every user can perform a quick test on their bench before sending the sample to the MS facility. The detection limit for the commonly used surfactants, Triton X-114 and SDS, was about 0.0005% and 0.0002%, respectively. The VISA was successfully applied to evaluate the efficiency of removal of surfactants in Triton X-114 extracted membrane proteins using tube-gel. With the combination of Triton X-114 extraction and tube-gel protocol, a study of spermatozoa membrane proteome identified about 252 proteins of which about 67.5% were classified as membrane proteins. The coexistence of protein and surfactant did not affect the VISA sensitivity, suggesting that this indicator is suitable for proteomics applications. The VISA also has potential for the detection of other surfactants and can be applied to other surfactant removing protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jung Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529
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63
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Schneider JG, Amend SH, Weilbaecher KN. Integrins and bone metastasis: integrating tumor cell and stromal cell interactions. Bone 2011; 48:54-65. [PMID: 20850578 PMCID: PMC3010439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Integrins on both tumor cells and the supporting host stromal cells in bone (osteoclasts, new blood vessels, inflammatory cells, platelets and bone marrow stromal cells) play key roles in enhancing bone metastasis. Tumor cells localize to specific tissues through integrin-mediated contacts with extracellular matrix and stromal cells. Integrin expression and signaling are perturbed in cancer cells, allowing them to "escape" from cell-cell and cell-matrix tethers, invade, migrate and colonize within new tissues and matrices. Integrin signaling through αvβ3 and VLA-4 on tumor cells can promote tumor metastasis to and proliferation in the bone microenvironment. Osteoclast (OC) mediated bone resorption is a critical component of bone metastasis and can promote tumor growth in bone and αvβ3 integrins are critical to OC function and development. Tumors in the bone microenvironment can recruit new blood vessel formation, platelets, pro-tumor immune cells and bone marrow stromal cells that promote tumor growth and invasion in bone. Integrins and their ligands play critical roles in platelet aggregation (αvβ3 and αIIbβ3), hematopoietic cell mobilization (VLA-4 and osteopontin), neoangiogenesis (αvβ3, αvβ5, α6β4, and β1 integrin) and stromal function (osteopontin and VLA-4). Integrins are involved in the pathogenesis of bone metastasis at many levels and further study to define integrin dysregulation by cancer will yield new therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen G. Schneider
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Germany, and Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Sarah H. Amend
- Department of Medicine and Division of Oncology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katherine N. Weilbaecher
- Department of Medicine and Division of Oncology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Corresponding author: Katherine Weilbaecher, Department of Medicine and Cell Biology and Physiology, Division of Oncology, Washington University, School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, PO Box 8069, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Effects of RGDS sequence genetically interfused in the silk fibroin light chain protein on chondrocyte adhesion and cartilage synthesis. Biomaterials 2010; 31:7503-11. [PMID: 20643479 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Initial chondrocyte-silk fibroin interactions are implicated in chondrogenesis when using fibroin as a scaffold for chondrocytes. Here, we focused on integrin-mediated cell-scaffold adhesion and prepared cell adhesive fibroin in which a tandem repeat of the Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) sequence was genetically interfused in the fibroin light chain (L-chain) (L-RGDSx2 fibroin). We investigated the effects of the sequence on chondrocyte adhesion and cartilage synthesis, in comparison to the effects of fibronectin. As the physicochemical surface properties (e.g., wettability and zeta potential) of the fibroin substrate were not affected by the modification, specific cell adhesion to the RGDS predominately changed the chondrocyte adhesive state. This suggestion was also supported by the competitive inhibition of chondrocyte attachment to the L-RGDSx2 fibroin substrate with soluble RGD peptides in the medium. Unlike fibronectin, the expression of RGDS in the fibroin L-chain had no effect on chondrocyte spreading area but enhanced mRNA expression levels of integrins alpha5 and beta1, and aggrecan at 12 h after seeding. Although both the sequence and fibronectin increased cell adhesive force, chondrocytes grown on the fibroin substrate exhibited a peak in the force with time in culture. These results suggested that moderate chondrocyte adhesion to fibroin induced by the RGDS sequence was able to maintain the chondrogenic phenotype and, from the histology findings, the sequence could facilitate chondrogenesis.
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65
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Collie AMB, Bota PCS, Johns RE, Maier RV, Stayton PS. Differential monocyte/macrophage interleukin-1β production due to biomaterial topography requires the β2 integrin signaling pathway. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 96:162-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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66
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Rocha-Azevedo BD, Jamerson M, Cabral GA, Marciano-Cabral F. Acanthamoeba culbertsoni: Analysis of amoebic adhesion and invasion on extracellular matrix components collagen I and laminin-1. Exp Parasitol 2010; 126:79-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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67
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Rowan MP, Berg KA, Milam SB, Jeske NA, Roberts JL, Hargreaves KM, Clarke WP. 17beta-estradiol rapidly enhances bradykinin signaling in primary sensory neurons in vitro and in vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 335:190-6. [PMID: 20647494 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.167445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated that premenopausal women are at increased risk for various pain disorders. Pain-sensing neurons, termed "nociceptors," in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) express receptors for inflammatory mediators and noxious physical stimuli and transmit signals for central processing of pain sensation. Estrogen receptors (ERs) are also expressed on nociceptors in the TG and DRG, and there is ample literature to suggest that activation of ERs can influence pain mechanisms. However, the mechanism for ER modulation of nociceptor activity is incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of 17β-estradiol (17β-E(2)) on signaling of the inflammatory mediator bradykinin (BK) in primary cultures of rat sensory neurons and a behavioral model of thermal allodynia in rats. Here, we show that exposure to 17β-E(2) rapidly (within 15 min) enhanced responses to BK in vitro and in vivo. The 17β-E(2)-mediated enhancement of BK signaling was not blocked by the transcription inhibitor anisomycin and was mediated by a membrane-associated ER. The effect of 17β-E(2) to enhance BK responses required activation of β1-containing, RGD-binding integrins. These data show that 17β-E(2) rapidly enhances inflammatory mediator responses both in vitro and in vivo and suggest that 17β-E(2) acting at primary sensory pain neurons may participate in regulating the sensitivity of women to painful stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Rowan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
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68
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Carpenter RD, Natarajan A, Lau EY, Andrei M, Solano DM, Lightstone FC, DeNardo SJ, Lam KS, Kurth MJ. Halogenated benzimidazole carboxamides target integrin alpha4beta1 on T-cell and B-cell lymphomas. Cancer Res 2010; 70:5448-56. [PMID: 20530664 PMCID: PMC3166240 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-3736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Integrin alpha(4)beta(1) is an attractive but poorly understood target for selective diagnosis and treatment of T-cell and B-cell lymphomas. This report focuses on the rapid microwave preparation, structure-activity relationships, and biological evaluation of medicinally pertinent benzimidazole heterocycles as integrin alpha(4)beta(1) antagonists. We documented tumor uptake of derivatives labeled with (125)I in xenograft murine models of B-cell lymphoma. Molecular homology models of integrin alpha(4)beta(1) predicted that docked halobenzimidazole carboxamides have the halogen atom in a suitable orientation for halogen-hydrogen bonding. The high-affinity halogenated ligands identified offer attractive tools for medicinal and biological use, including fluoro and iodo derivatives with potential radiodiagnostic ((18)F) or radiotherapeutic ((131)I) applications, or chloro and bromo analogues that could provide structural insights into integrin-ligand interactions through photoaffinity, cross-linking/mass spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallographic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arutselvan Natarajan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Radiodiagnosis and Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Edmond Y. Lau
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550
| | - Mirela Andrei
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Danielle M. Solano
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Felice C. Lightstone
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550
| | - Sally J. DeNardo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Radiodiagnosis and Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Kit S. Lam
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Mark J. Kurth
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
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69
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Lim SM, Kreipe BA, Trzeciakowski J, Dangott L, Trache A. Extracellular matrix effect on RhoA signaling modulation in vascular smooth muscle cells. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:2833-48. [PMID: 20599954 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Morphological adaptations of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) to the mechanically active environment in which they reside, are mediated by direct interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) which induces physiological changes at the intracellular level. This study aimed to analyze the effects of the ECM on RhoA-induced mechanical signaling that controls actin organization and focal adhesion formation. VSMC were transfected with RhoA constructs (wild type, dominant negative or constitutively active) and plated on different ECM proteins used as substrate (fibronectin, collagen IV, collagen I, and laminin) or poly-l-lysine as control. Morphological changes of the VSMC were detected by fluorescence confocal microscopy and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, and were independently verified using adhesion assays and Western blot analysis. Our results showed that the ECM has an important role in cell spreading, adhesion and morphology with a direct effect on modulating RhoA signaling. RhoA activity significantly affected the stress fibers and focal adhesions reorganization, but in a context imposed by the ECM. Thus, RhoA activity modulation in VSMC induced an increased activation of stress fibers and FA formation at 5h, while a significant inhibition was recorded at 24h after plating on the different ECM. Our findings provide biophysical evidence that ECM modulates VSMC response to mechanical stimuli inducing intracellular biochemical signaling involved in cellular adaptation to the local microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Mi Lim
- Department of Systems Biology & Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 336 Reynolds Medical Bldg., College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA
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70
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Kim DK, Kim SJ, Kang SS, Jin EJ. Curcumin inhibits cellular condensation and alters microfilament organization during chondrogenic differentiation of limb bud mesenchymal cells. Exp Mol Med 2010; 41:656-64. [PMID: 19478554 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2009.41.9.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a well known natural polyphenol product isolated from the rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa, anti-inflammatory agent for arthritis by inhibiting synthesis of inflammatory prostaglandins. However, the mechanisms by which curcumin regulates the functions of chondroprogenitor, such as proliferation, precartilage condensation, cytoskeletal organization or overall chondrogenic behavior, are largely unknown. In the present report, we investigated the effects and signaling mechanism of curcumin on the regulation of chondrogenesis. Treating chick limb bud mesenchymal cells with curcumin suppressed chondrogenesis by stimulating apoptotic cell death. It also inhibited reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton into a cortical pattern concomitant with rounding of chondrogenic competent cells and down-regulation of integrin beta1 and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation. Curcumin suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt leading to Akt inactivation. Activation of Akt by introducing a myristoylated, constitutively active form of Akt reversed the inhibitory actions of curcumin during chondrogenesis. In summary, for the first time, we describe biological properties of curcumin during chondrogenic differentiation of chick limb bud mesenchymal cells. Curcumin suppressed chondrogenesis by stimulating apoptotic cell death and down-regulating integrin-mediated reorganization of actin cytoskeleton via modulation of Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea
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71
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Kim MH, Kino-oka M, Taya M. Designing culture surfaces based on cell anchoring mechanisms to regulate cell morphologies and functions. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 28:7-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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72
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Abstract
The ER (endoplasmic reticulum) is a fascinating organelle that is highly dynamic, undergoing constant movement and reorganization. It has many key roles, including protein synthesis, folding and trafficking, calcium homoeostasis and lipid synthesis. It can expand in size when needed, and the balance between tubular and lamellar regions can be altered. The distribution and organization of the ER depends on both motile and static interactions with microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton. In the present paper, we review how the ER moves, and consider why this movement may be important for ER and cellular function.
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73
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Franco CRC, Trindade ES, Rocha HAO, da Silveira RB, Paludo KS, Chammas R, Veiga SS, Nader HB, Dietrich CP. Glycosaminoglycan chains from alpha5beta1 integrin are involved in fibronectin-dependent cell migration. Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 87:677-86. [PMID: 19767830 DOI: 10.1139/o09-047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha5beta1 integrin from both wild-type CHO cells (CHO-K1) and deficient in proteoglycan biosynthesis (CHO-745) is post-translationally modified by glycosaminoglycan chains. We demonstrated this using [35S]sulfate metabolic labeling of the cells, enzymatic degradation, immunoprecipitation reaction with monoclonal antibody, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry. The alpha5beta1 integrin heterodimer is a hybrid proteoglycan containing both chondroitin and heparan sulfate chains. Xyloside inhibition of sulfate incorporation into alpha5beta1 integrin also supports that integrin is a proteoglycan. Also, cells grown with xyloside adhered on fibronectin with no alteration in alpha5beta1 integrin expression. However, haptotactic motility on fibronectin declined in cells grown with xyloside or chlorate as compared with controls. Thus, alpha5beta1 integrin is a proteoglycan and the glycosaminoglycan chains of the integrin influence cell motility on fibronectin. Similar glycosylation of alpha5beta1 integrin was observed in other normal and malignant cells, suggesting that this modification is conserved and important in the function of this integrin. Therefore, these glycosaminoglycan chains of alpha5beta1 integrin are involved in cellular migration on fibronectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia R C Franco
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100-CEP 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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74
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The absence of caveolin-1 increases proliferation and anchorage- independent growth by a Rac-dependent, Erk-independent mechanism. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 29:5046-59. [PMID: 19620284 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00315-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anchorage-independent growth (AIG) of cancer cells requires escape from integrin-mediated signals. A protein frequently downregulated in cancer, caveolin-1 (Cav1), mediates integrin control of several growth-regulatory pathways. We report that loss of Cav1 results in faster exit from quiescence and progress through the cell cycle, proliferation without anchorage to substrate, and absence of cyclin D1 downregulation upon serum deprivation or detachment. Surprisingly, this proliferative advantage is independent of Erk-mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling; instead, cyclin expression and cell cycle progression in the absence of Cav1 are driven by increased membrane order and Rac targeting. AIG was induced in Cav1-expressing cells by forced membrane targeting of Rac1 or by inhibiting Cav1-mediated internalization of plasma membrane ordered domains at which Rac1 accumulates. Restoring Rho activity, which is downregulated after loss of Cav1, antagonizes Rac1 and prevents cyclin D1 accumulation after serum starvation or loss of adhesion. Anchorage independence and increased proliferation in Cav1-deficient tumoral and null cells are thus due to an increased fraction of active Rac1 at membrane ordered domains. These results provide insight into the mechanisms regulating growth of cancer cells, which frequently lose Cav1 function.
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75
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Alghisi GC, Rüegg C. Vascular Integrins in Tumor Angiogenesis: Mediators and Therapeutic Targets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 13:113-35. [PMID: 16728329 DOI: 10.1080/10623320600698037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The notion that tumor angiogenesis may have therapeutic implications in the control of tumor growth was introduced by Dr. Judah Folkman in 1971. The approval of Avastin in 2004 as the first antiangiogenic systemic drug to treat cancer patients came as a validation of this visionary concept and opened new perspectives to the treatment of cancer. In addition, this success boosted the field to the quest for new therapeutic targets and antiangiogenic drugs. Preclinical and clinical evidence indicate that vascular integrins may be valid therapeutic targets. In preclinical studies, pharmacological inhibition of integrin function efficiently suppressed angiogenesis and inhibited tumor progression. alphaVbeta3 and alphaVbeta5 were the first vascular integrins targeted to suppress tumor angiogenesis. Subsequent experiments revealed that at least four additional integrins (i.e., alpha1beta1, alpha2beta1, alpha5beta1, and alpha6beta4) might be potential therapeutic targets. In clinical studies low-molecular-weight integrin inhibitors and anti-integrin function-blocking antibodies demonstrated low toxicity and good tolerability and are now being tested in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy for anticancer activity in patients. In this article the authors review the role of integrins in angiogenesis, present recent development in the use of alphaVbeta3 and alpha5beta1 integrin antagonists as potential therapeutics in cancer, and discuss future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Carlo Alghisi
- Centre Pluridisciplinaire d'Oncologie (CePO), Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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77
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Divya Rani VV, Manzoor K, Menon D, Selvamurugan N, Nair SV. The design of novel nanostructures on titanium by solution chemistry for an improved osteoblast response. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:195101. [PMID: 19420629 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/19/195101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report an interesting cell response to novel nanostructures formed on a titanium (Ti) surface by a simple non-lithographic bottom-up method. The surface topography of bio-implant materials dramatically influences their cell response. The aim of this study was to modify the surface of a titanium implant by a simple and cost effective processing technique and to determine its suitability for osteoblast attachment. A set of unique structures ranging from mesoporous nanoscaffolds, nanoflowers, nanoneedles, nanorods and octahedral bipyramids were fabricated by systematically tuning the hydrothermal conditions such as reaction medium composition, concentration, temperature and time duration. The cytotoxicity of surface modified Ti was assessed using human primary osteoblastic cells, and more than 90% of the cells were found to be viable after 24 h of incubation. Protein adsorption studies revealed that the surface modified nanostructures on titanium adsorbed more proteins, suggesting that they are capable of promoting cell adhesion/attachment. Immunofluorescence studies with vinculin antibody identified a distinctly different spread pattern of osteoblastic cells on hydrothermally modified nanostructured surfaces, indicating the formation of the focal adhesion points required for intracellular signaling. Thus, based on our results, we suggest that this study may present one of the best designs and systematic syntheses of biocompatible nanostructures on metallic Ti for orthopedic implant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Divya Rani
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences, Amrita Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Cochin, Kerala, India
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78
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Abstract
Integrins are cell surface transmembrane receptors that recognize and bind to extracellular matrix proteins and counter receptors. Binding of activated integrins to their ligands induces a vast number of structural and signaling changes within the cell. Large, multimolecular complexes assemble onto the cytoplasmic tails of activated integrins to engage and organize the cytoskeleton, and activate signaling pathways that ultimately lead to changes in gene expression. Additionally, integrin-mediated signaling intersects with growth factor-mediated signaling through various levels of cross-talk. This review discusses recent work that has tremendously broadened our understanding of the complexity of integrin-mediated signaling.
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79
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Chometon G, Jendrossek V. Targeting the tumour stroma to increase efficacy of chemo- and radiotherapy. Clin Transl Oncol 2009; 11:75-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-009-0317-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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80
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Agashi K, Chau DYS, Shakesheff KM. The effect of delivery via narrow-bore needles on mesenchymal cells. Regen Med 2009; 4:49-64. [PMID: 19105616 DOI: 10.2217/17460751.4.1.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Recently, there have been numerous preclinical and human studies investigating the regenerative capacity of cell suspensions following their direct injection into a target organ: the fundamental parameters for successful (clinical) cell therapy. At present, limited data exist in the identification of factors important for the survival of these cells (i.e., morphology, viability and proliferation rates) during and following their ejection via narrow-bore needles. MATERIALS & METHODS Primary murine mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs) were isolated, expanded and processed into a concentrated cell suspension consisting of either HBSS or HBSS supplemented with the antioxidant n-acetyl-cysteine. This suspension was then ejected from a 10 microl Hamilton syringe, via a variety of bore-sized needles, at different ejection rates. Cell characteristics including viability, spreading and attachment, apoptosis and proliferative ability were then assessed. RESULTS Following manipulation within a syringe, a decrease in the viability and cell spreading of mMSCs and a concurrent increase in the production of the caspase-3 protein, an early regulatory event in apoptosis, occurs. These detrimental effects were found to be increased when the cells were left in the syringe chamber for increased periods of time, and were similar at 5 microl/min and 1 microl/min ejection rates. However, on increasing the needle bore diameter, a significant reduction in these characteristics was observed. By comparison, mMSCs that were left to stand at room temperature (18-20 degrees C), but were not manipulated within a syringe, showed a significantly greater viability compared with manipulated cells. However, cells kept at 4 degrees C demonstrated a decreased viability compared with manipulated cells. When the mMSC were incubated with n-acetyl-cysteine, a known antioxidant, no significant change in caspase-3 production or cell spreading was observed. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights potential parameters, such as minimizing the time period the cells are within the syringe and the use of wider-bore needles, involved in maintaining the high viable cell density required for the delivery of cell suspensions for cell therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Agashi
- Division of Drug Delivery & Tissue Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, UK
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81
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An unrecognized extracellular function for an intracellular adapter protein released from the cytoplasm into the tumor microenvironment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:2182-7. [PMID: 19168626 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0807543105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cell membranes provide an interface between the intracellular and extracellular compartments. It is currently thought that cytoplasmic signaling adapter proteins play no functional role within the extracellular tumor environment. Here, by selecting combinatorial random peptide libraries in tumor-bearing mice, we uncovered a direct, specific, and functional interaction between CRKL, an adapter protein [with Src homology 2 (SH2)- and SH3-containing domains], and the plexin-semaphorin-integrin domain of beta(1) integrin in the extracellular milieu. Through assays in vitro, in cellulo, and in vivo, we show that this unconventional and as yet unrecognized protein-protein interaction between a regulatory integrin domain (rather than a ligand-binding one) and an intracellular adapter (acting outside of the cells) triggers an alternative integrin-mediated cascade for cell growth and survival. Based on these data, here we propose that a secreted form of the SH3/SH2 adaptor protein CRKL may act as a growth-promoting factor driving tumorigenesis and may lead to the development of cancer therapeutics targeting secreted CRKL.
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82
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Adhesion, Invasion, Integrins, and Beyond. THE IMPACT OF TUMOR BIOLOGY ON CANCER TREATMENT AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY STRATEGIES 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-74386-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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83
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Trindade ES, Oliver C, Jamur MC, Rocha HA, Franco CR, Bouças RI, Jarrouge TR, Pinhal MA, Tersariol IL, Gouvêa TC, Dietrich CP, Nader HB. The binding of heparin to the extracellular matrix of endothelial cells up-regulates the synthesis of an antithrombotic heparan sulfate proteoglycan. J Cell Physiol 2008; 217:328-37. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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84
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Underwood RA, Carter WG, Usui ML, Olerud JE. Ultrastructural localization of integrin subunits beta4 and alpha3 within the migrating epithelial tongue of in vivo human wounds. J Histochem Cytochem 2008; 57:123-42. [PMID: 18824633 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2008.952176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Subsequent to wounding, keratinocytes must quickly restore barrier function. In vitro wound models have served to elucidate mechanisms of epithelial closure and key roles for integrins alpha6beta4 and alpha3beta1. To extrapolate in vitro data to in vivo human tissues, we used ultrathin cryomicrotomy to simultaneously observe tissue ultrastructure and immunogold localization in unwounded skin and acute human cutaneous wounds. Localization of the beta4 integrin subunit in unwounded skin shows dominant hemidesmosomal association and minor basal keratinocyte lateral filopodic cell-cell expression. After wounding, beta4 dominantly localized to cytokeratin-rich regions (trailing edge hemidesmosomes) and minor association with lamellipodia (leading edge). beta4 colocalizes with alpha3 within filopodia juxtaposed to wound matrix, and increased concentrations of beta4 were found in cytoplasmic vesicles within basal keratinocytes of the migrating tongue. alpha3 integrin subunit dominantly localized to filopodia within basal keratinocyte lateral cell-cell interfaces in unwounded skin and both cell-cell and cell-matrix filopodic interactions in wounded skin. This study indicates that beta4 interacts with the extracellular environment through both stable and transient interactions and may be managed through a different endosomal trafficking pathway than alpha3. alpha3 integrin, despite its ability to respond to alternate ligands after wounding, does so through a single structure, the filopodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Underwood
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine (Dermatology), Seattle, WA 98195-6524, USA.
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85
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Wang X, Fukuda K, Byeon IJ, Velyvis A, Wu C, Gronenborn A, Qin J. The structure of alpha-parvin CH2-paxillin LD1 complex reveals a novel modular recognition for focal adhesion assembly. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:21113-9. [PMID: 18508764 PMCID: PMC2475713 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m801270200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Revised: 05/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-parvin is an essential component of focal adhesions (FAs), which are large multiprotein complexes that link the plasma membrane and actin cytoskeleton. Alpha-parvin contains two calponin homology (CH) domains and its C-terminal CH2 domain binds multiple targets including paxillin LD motifs for regulating the FA network and signaling. Here we describe the solution structure of alpha-parvin CH2 bound to paxillin LD1. We show that although CH2 contains the canonical CH-fold, a previously defined N-terminal linker forms an alpha-helix that packs unexpectedly with the C-terminal helix of CH2, resulting in a novel variant of the CH domain. Importantly, such packing generates a hydrophobic surface that recognizes the Leu-rich face of paxillin-LD1, and the binding pattern differs drastically from the classical paxillin-LD binding to four-helix bundle proteins such as focal adhesion kinase. These results define a novel modular recognition mode and reveal how alpha-parvin associates with paxillin to mediate the FA assembly and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Wang
- Structural Biology Program,
Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, the Department of
Chemistry, Cleveland State
University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 and the Departments of
Structural Biology and
Pathology, University of Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Koichi Fukuda
- Structural Biology Program,
Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, the Department of
Chemistry, Cleveland State
University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 and the Departments of
Structural Biology and
Pathology, University of Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - In-Ja Byeon
- Structural Biology Program,
Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, the Department of
Chemistry, Cleveland State
University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 and the Departments of
Structural Biology and
Pathology, University of Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Algirdas Velyvis
- Structural Biology Program,
Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, the Department of
Chemistry, Cleveland State
University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 and the Departments of
Structural Biology and
Pathology, University of Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Chuanyue Wu
- Structural Biology Program,
Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, the Department of
Chemistry, Cleveland State
University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 and the Departments of
Structural Biology and
Pathology, University of Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Angela Gronenborn
- Structural Biology Program,
Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, the Department of
Chemistry, Cleveland State
University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 and the Departments of
Structural Biology and
Pathology, University of Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Jun Qin
- Structural Biology Program,
Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, the Department of
Chemistry, Cleveland State
University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 and the Departments of
Structural Biology and
Pathology, University of Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
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86
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Taylor JL, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Pozzi A, Izzo AA. Lack of alpha-1 integrin alters lesion morphology during pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2008; 88:444-52. [PMID: 18639492 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2008.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Revised: 05/01/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The hallmark of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is the granuloma, a highly dynamic immune structure that contains the bacilli during chronic infection. Here, we examined if alpha1beta1 integrin is required in the development and maintenance of the granulomatous structure during pulmonary infection using the alpha1 integrin knockout (alpha1-null) mouse. The alpha1beta1 integrin is expressed on activated macrophages and T cells, and interacts with collagen molecules in the extracellular matrix (ECM), and thus may play a role in the granulomatous process. Following pulmonary infection with virulent M. tuberculosis, lungs of alpha1-null infected mice had striking differences in granuloma structure, as well as distinct and markedly thickened alveolar septae. By day 180, there were regions of cell death within granulomatous lesions, characterized by cellular debris in these mice. To determine if this molecule was necessary for T cell trafficking within the lungs, the expression of CD4, CD44 and CD62L was monitored. The number of activated and IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ T cells increased in the lungs of alpha1-null mice during the chronic phase of infection, although they had decreased concentrations of TNF-alpha and MMP-9. These results suggest that while alpha1beta1 integrin is not required for trafficking or maintenance of T cells in M. tuberculosis infected lungs, it does play a role in granuloma structure and integrity during the chronic phase of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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87
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Rees MD, Kennett EC, Whitelock JM, Davies MJ. Oxidative damage to extracellular matrix and its role in human pathologies. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44:1973-2001. [PMID: 18423414 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Revised: 03/16/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular compartments of most biological tissues are significantly less well protected against oxidative damage than intracellular sites and there is considerable evidence for such compartments being subject to a greater oxidative stress and an altered redox balance. However, with some notable exceptions (e.g., plasma and lung lining fluid) oxidative damage within these compartments has been relatively neglected and is poorly understood. In particular information on the nature and consequences of damage to extracellular matrix is lacking despite the growing realization that changes in matrix structure can play a key role in the regulation of cellular adhesion, proliferation, migration, and cell signaling. Furthermore, the extracellular matrix is widely recognized as being a key site of cytokine and growth factor binding, and modification of matrix structure might be expected to alter such behavior. In this paper we review the potential sources of oxidative matrix damage, the changes that occur in matrix structure, and how this may affect cellular behavior. The role of such damage in the development and progression of inflammatory diseases is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin D Rees
- The Heart Research Institute, 114 Pyrmont Bridge Rd, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
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88
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Kim MH, Kino-oka M, Kawase M, Yagi K, Taya M. Glucose transporter mediation responsible for morphological changes of human epithelial cells on glucose-displayed surfaces. J Biosci Bioeng 2008; 105:319-26. [DOI: 10.1263/jbb.105.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 12/25/2007] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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89
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Dyson OF, Oxendine TL, Hamden KE, Ford PW, Akula SM. Differential regulation of the attachment of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-infected human B cells to extracellular matrix by KSHV-encoded gB and cellular alphaV integrins. Cell Microbiol 2008; 10:1546-58. [PMID: 18363908 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2008.01149.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) has two modes of replications: latent and lytic replications. Reactivation from latency is dictated, in part, by the cell cycle. Herein, we have attempted to delineate the importance of cell cycle in KSHV pathogenesis by exploring the expression pattern of cell-surface receptors during different phases of the cell cycle. alphaV integrin expression is augmented during S phase in fibroblasts, epithelial and KSHV-infected cells. Using a Matrigel system, we pioneer the concept that KSHV-infected primary effusion lymphoma cells can attach to extracellular matrix proteins. This attachment is mediated primarily via alphaV integrins or virally encoded gB, and occurs preferentially in cells from S phase or cells from S phase actively supporting a lytic infection respectively. Such an ability of infected B cells to attach to endothelial cells may also aid in the dissemination of infection. The keystone of this work is that for the first time, we describe the ability of KSHV-infected B cells to preferentially use cellular (alphaV) or viral (gB) receptors to specifically bind cells, depending upon the stage of the cell cycle and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ossie F Dyson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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90
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In vivo optical imaging of human lymphoma xenograft using a library-derived peptidomimetic against α4β1 integrin. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:432-7. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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91
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Dennis J, White MA, Forrest AD, Yuelling LM, Nogaroli L, Afshari FS, Fox MA, Fuss B. Phosphodiesterase-Ialpha/autotaxin's MORFO domain regulates oligodendroglial process network formation and focal adhesion organization. Mol Cell Neurosci 2007; 37:412-24. [PMID: 18164210 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2007.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2007] [Revised: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 10/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a complex process network by maturing oligodendrocytes is a critical but currently poorly characterized step toward myelination. Here, we demonstrate that the matricellular oligodendrocyte-derived protein phosphodiesterase-Ialpha/autotaxin (PD-Ialpha/ATX) and especially its MORFO domain are able to promote this developmental step. In particular, the single EF hand-like motif located within PD-Ialpha/ATX's MORFO domain was found to stimulate the outgrowth of higher order branches but not process elongation. This motif was also observed to be critical for the stimulatory effect of PD-Ialpha/ATX's MORFO domain on the reorganization of focal adhesions located at the leading edge of oligodendroglial protrusions. Collectively, our data suggest that PD-Ialpha/ATX promotes oligodendroglial process network formation and expansion via the cooperative action of multiple functional sites located within the MORFO domain and more specifically, a novel signaling pathway mediated by the single EF hand-like motif and regulating the correlated events of process outgrowth and focal adhesion organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel Dennis
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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92
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Kremer BE, Adang LA, Macara IG. Septins regulate actin organization and cell-cycle arrest through nuclear accumulation of NCK mediated by SOCS7. Cell 2007; 130:837-50. [PMID: 17803907 PMCID: PMC2085444 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2006] [Revised: 04/16/2007] [Accepted: 06/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian septins are GTP-binding proteins the functions of which are not well understood. Knockdown of SEPT2, 6, and 7 causes stress fibers to disintegrate and cells to lose polarity. We now show that this phenotype is induced by nuclear accumulation of the adaptor protein NCK, as the effects can be reversed or induced by cytoplasmic or nuclear NCK, respectively. NCK is carried into the nucleus by SOCS7 (suppressor of cytokine signaling 7), which possesses nuclear import/export signals. SOCS7 interacts with septins and NCK through distinct domains. DNA damage induces actin and septin rearrangement and rapid nuclear accumulation of NCK and SOCS7. Moreover, NCK expression is essential for cell-cycle arrest. The septin-SOCS7-NCK axis intersects with the canonical DNA damage cascade downstream of ATM/ATR and is essential for p53 Ser15 phosphorylation. These data illuminate an unanticipated connection between septins, SOCS7, NCK signaling, and the DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon E Kremer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0577, USA
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93
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Nakayamada S, Saito K, Nakano K, Tanaka Y. Activation signal transduction by beta1 integrin in T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 56:1559-68. [PMID: 17469136 DOI: 10.1002/art.22581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Beta 1 integrin is a representative adhesion molecule for cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, and it provides costimulatory signals to T cells. However, the relevance of beta1 integrin to T cell activation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains unclear. We undertook this study to perform a quantitative and functional analysis of beta1 integrin-mediated signaling to T cells in patients with SLE. METHODS Expression of cell surface molecules was assessed by flow cytometric analysis. Engagement of beta1 integrins was performed by crosslinking using a specific monoclonal antibody. To assess tyrosine kinases in beta1 integrin-mediated signaling, the cells were transfected with a wild-type (WT) focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a dominant-negative truncation of the FAK, or a WT PTEN expression plasmid via nucleofection. RESULTS Beta 1 integrin expression was significantly up-regulated on peripheral blood T cells from patients with active SLE, particularly those with the complication of World Health Organization class IV nephritis, whereas CD28 was significantly decreased in patients with active SLE compared with normal individuals. Beta 1 integrin expression closely correlated with serum hypocomplementemia. Engagement of beta1 integrin on T cells from patients with active SLE, but not on those from normal individuals, induced cell proliferation as well as CD40L expression on T cells. Up-regulation of CD40L expression and T cell proliferation, induced by beta1 integrin stimulation, were completely inhibited by transfection of the dominant-negative truncations of FAK or WT PTEN. CONCLUSION These results suggest that engagement of beta1 integrins on SLE T cells could induce FAK-mediated signaling and subsequent CD40L expression and proliferation. Thus, the beta1 integrin signaling cascade might serve to enhance autoreactive T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Nakayamada
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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94
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Kim MH, Kino-Oka M, Kawase M, Yagi K, Taya M. Response of human epithelial cells to culture surfaces with varied roughnesses prepared by immobilizing dendrimers with/without D-glucose display. J Biosci Bioeng 2007; 103:192-9. [PMID: 17368404 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.103.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Accepted: 12/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the response of human epithelial cells to substrates with nanoscale modifications, dendrimer-immobilized surfaces were prepared with or without D-glucose displayed as a terminal ligand, giving topographic structures with mean roughnesses (R(a)) of 1.8-11.0 nm. With an increase in the R(a) value up to 4.0 nm, the epithelial cells cultured on naked dendrimer surface without D-glucose display were somewhat stretched in their morphology compared with those on a nonmodified plain surface. However, for the R(a) values higher than 4.0 nm, such cell stretching was inhibited, resulting in the predominant existence of round-shaped cells. The change in cell morphology was appreciable on the surfaces with D-glucose-displayed dendrimers. When the R(a) value increased up to 4.5 nm on these surfaces, in particular, the enhancement of cell stretching was recognized, and fluorescence microscopic observation supported the hypothesis that the glucose-transporter-mediated adhesion of cells to the surface encouraged the development of filopodia and stress fibers, thereby improving focal contact with the surface. Our results suggest that the combination of displaying D-glucose and modulating roughness can promote cytoskeletal formation accompanied by marked cell elongation on culture surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee-Hae Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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95
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Dyson OF, Bryan BA, Lambert PJ, Ford PW, Akula SM. Beta1 integrins mediate tubule formation induced by supernatants derived from KSHV-infected cells. Intervirology 2007; 50:245-53. [PMID: 17460413 DOI: 10.1159/000101995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Accepted: 02/08/2007] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiogenesis is defined as the formation of new blood vessels. In a recently concluded study, we identified Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-infected cells derived from primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) to overexpress vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that had the propensity to mediate tubule formation on a Matrigel, an indicator of angiogenesis. The objective of this study was to determine the receptor molecules that mediate the tubule formation induced by the supernatant derived from KSHV-infected PEL cells. METHODS The identity of receptor(s) that play a role in mediating tubule formation driven by PEL supernatant was determined by the classical in vitro angiogenesis assay conducted on a Matrigel. RESULTS RGD peptides, antibodies, and siRNA specific to beta1 integrins significantly lowered the ability of the PEL supernatants to induce tubule formation by endothelial cells. beta1 Integrins mediated tubule formation to comparable levels in endothelial cells that were incubated with supernatants derived from uninduced or TPA-induced PEL cells. Interestingly, the beta1 integrins did not seem to have a major role in cellular attachment. CONCLUSION We report for the first time a critical role for beta1 integrins in angiogenesis supported by the supernatant from KSHV-infected PEL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ossie F Dyson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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96
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Li Y, Clough N, Sun X, Yu W, Abbott BL, Hogan CJ, Dai Z. Bcr-Abl induces abnormal cytoskeleton remodeling, beta1 integrin clustering and increased cell adhesion to fibronectin through the Abl interactor 1 pathway. J Cell Sci 2007; 120:1436-46. [PMID: 17389688 PMCID: PMC1950936 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.03430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic cells isolated from patients with Bcr-Abl-positive leukemia exhibit multiple abnormalities of cytoskeletal and integrin function. These abnormalities are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of leukemia; however, the molecular events leading to these abnormalities are not fully understood. We show here that the Abi1 pathway is required for Bcr-Abl to stimulate actin cytoskeleton remodeling, integrin clustering and cell adhesion. Expression of Bcr-Abl induces tyrosine phosphorylation of Abi1. This is accompanied by a subcellular translocation of Abi1/WAVE2 to a site adjacent to membrane, where an F-actin-enriched structure containing the adhesion molecules such as beta1-integrin, paxillin and vinculin is assembled. Bcr-Abl-induced membrane translocation of Abi1/WAVE2 requires direct interaction between Abi1 and Bcr-Abl, but is independent of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway. Formation of the F-actin-rich complex correlates with an increased cell adhesion to fibronectin. More importantly, disruption of the interaction between Bcr-Abl and Abi1 by mutations either in Bcr-Abl or Abi1 not only abolished tyrosine phosphorylation of Abi1 and membrane translocation of Abi1/WAVE2, but also inhibited Bcr-Abl-stimulated actin cytoskeleton remodeling, integrin clustering and cell adhesion to fibronectin. Together, these data define Abi1/WAVE2 as a downstream pathway that contributes to Bcr-Abl-induced abnormalities of cytoskeletal and integrin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhu Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Nancy Clough
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Weidong Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Brian L. Abbott
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Christopher J. Hogan
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Zonghan Dai
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045
- Correspondence author: 1400 Wallace Boulevard, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, Tel. 806-354-5719, Fax. 806-354-5764, E-mail:
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97
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Hirai F, Nakayamada S, Okada Y, Saito K, Kurose H, Mogami A, Tanaka Y. Small GTPase Rho signaling is involved in beta1 integrin-mediated up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand on osteoblasts and osteoclast maturation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 356:279-85. [PMID: 17349971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.02.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2007] [Accepted: 02/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the characteristics of human osteoblasts, focusing on small GTPase Rho signaling. Beta1 Integrin were highly expressed on osteoblasts. Engagement of beta1 integrins by type I collagen augmented expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) on osteoblasts. Rho was activated by beta1 stimulation in osteoblasts. Beta1 Integrin-induced up-regulation of ICAM-1 and RANKL was inhibited by transfection with adenoviruses encoding C3 transferase or pretreated with Y-27632, specific Rho and Rho-kinase inhibitors. Engagement of beta1 integrin on osteoblasts induced formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinuclear cells (MNC) in a coculture system of osteoblasts and peripheral monocytes, but this action was completely abrogated by transfection of C3 transferase. Our results indicate the direct involvement of Rho-mediated signaling in beta1 integrin-induced up-regulation of ICAM-1 and RANKL and RANKL-dependent osteoclast maturation. Thus, Rho-mediated signaling in osteoblasts seems to introduce major biases to bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Hirai
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
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98
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Cohen M, Joester D, Sabanay I, Addadi L, Geiger B. Hyaluronan in the pericellular coat: an additional layer of complexity in early cell adhesion events. SOFT MATTER 2007; 3:327-332. [PMID: 32900148 DOI: 10.1039/b613770a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell adhesion is a multistage process whereby specific surface receptors interact with the corresponding ligands on the extracellular matrix or on neighboring cells. These complex interactions involve a wide variety of cellular molecules including transmembrane and cytoskeletal components, scaffolding proteins, and a wide variety of signaling enzymes. In this article we discuss recent data characterizing the involvement of the pericellular hyaluronan coat in early stages of cell-matrix adhesion. In particular, we address the mechanisms underlying the transition from hyaluronan- to integrin-mediated adhesion, and the role of the actin cytoskeleton in the "inside-out" regulation and maintenance of the pericellular hyaluronan coat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Cohen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Derk Joester
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ilana Sabanay
- Chemical Research Support Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lia Addadi
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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99
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Berg KA, Zardeneta G, Hargreaves KM, Clarke WP, Milam SB. Integrins regulate opioid receptor signaling in trigeminal ganglion neurons. Neuroscience 2007; 144:889-97. [PMID: 17157995 PMCID: PMC1853383 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Revised: 10/15/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The binding of integrins to the extracellular matrix results in focal organization of the cytoskeleton and the genesis of intracellular signals that regulate vital neuronal functions. Recent evidence suggests that integrins modulate G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling in hippocampal neurons. In this study we evaluated the hypothesis that integrins regulate the mu opioid receptor in rat trigeminal ganglion neurons. For these studies, primary cultures of adult rat trigeminal ganglion neurons were used to demonstrate the colocalization of beta1 and beta3 integrins with mu opioid receptor in caveolin-1-rich membrane fractions, and at focal adhesions sites generated by integrin ligand binding. Furthermore, we show that the mu opioid receptor agonist, DAMGO ([D-Ala(2),N-MePhe(4),Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin), inhibits cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation in response to prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) stimulation in bradykinin-primed, but not unprimed, cultured trigeminal ganglia neurons. Application of soluble GRGDS (Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser) peptides that bind specific integrins (i.e. RGD-binding integrins) completely abolished the DAMGO effect in bradykinin-primed trigeminal ganglia neurons, but did not alter bradykinin-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol. Likewise, monospecific anti-beta1 and anti-beta3 integrin subunit antibodies blocked this DAMGO effect in bradykinin-primed trigeminal ganglia neurons. Indeed, application of anti-beta1 integrin subunit actually reversed DAMGO signaling, resulting in increased cAMP accumulation in these cells. This suggests that the relative amounts of specific activated integrins at focal adhesions may govern signaling by the mu opioid receptor, perhaps by altering interactions with G proteins (e.g. Galphai vs. Galphas). Collectively, these data provide the first evidence that specific integrins regulate opioid receptor signaling in sensory neurons.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- Bradykinin/metabolism
- Bradykinin/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Dinoprostone/metabolism
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-/pharmacology
- Focal Adhesions/metabolism
- Integrin beta1/metabolism
- Integrin beta3/metabolism
- Integrins/metabolism
- Male
- Neurons, Afferent/drug effects
- Neurons, Afferent/metabolism
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/drug effects
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Trigeminal Ganglion/cytology
- Trigeminal Ganglion/drug effects
- Trigeminal Ganglion/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. Berg
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX. 78229-3900 USA
| | - Gustavo Zardeneta
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX. 78229-3900 USA
| | - Kenneth M. Hargreaves
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX. 78229-3900 USA
- Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX. 78229-3900 USA
| | - William P. Clarke
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX. 78229-3900 USA
| | - Stephen B. Milam
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX. 78229-3900 USA
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX. 78229-3900 USA
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100
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Lee EJ, Jang SI, Pallos D, Kather J, Hart TC. Characterization of fibroblasts with Son of Sevenless-1 mutation. J Dent Res 2007; 85:1050-5. [PMID: 17062749 PMCID: PMC2248237 DOI: 10.1177/154405910608501115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although non-syndromic hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is genetically heterogeneous, etiologic mutations have been identified only in the Son of Sevenless-1 gene (SOS1). To test evidence of increased cell proliferation, we studied histological, morphological, and proliferation characteristics in monolayer and three-dimensional cultures of fibroblasts with the SOS1 g.126,142-126,143insC mutation. Histological assessment of HGF gingiva indicated increased numbers of fibroblasts (30%) and increased collagen (10%). Cell proliferation studies demonstrated increased growth rates and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine incorporation for HGF fibroblasts. Flow cytometry showed greater proportions of HGF fibroblasts in the G2/M phase. Attachment of HGF fibroblasts to different extracellular matrix surfaces demonstrated increased formation of protrusions with lamellipodia. HGF fibroblasts in three-dimensional culture showed greater cell proliferation, higher cell density, and alteration of surrounding collagen matrix. These findings revealed that increased fibroblast numbers and collagen matrix changes are associated with mutation of the SOS1 gene in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Lee
- Human Craniofacial Genetics Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Building 10, Room 5-2523, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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