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Overexpression of SlPRE2, an atypical bHLH transcription factor, affects plant morphology and fruit pigment accumulation in tomato. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5786. [PMID: 28724949 PMCID: PMC5517572 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04092-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins are a large family of transcription factors that control various developmental processes in eukaryotes, but the biological roles of most bHLH proteins are not very clear, especially in tomato. In this study, a PRE-like atypical bHLH gene was isolated and designated as SlPRE2 in tomato. SlPRE2 was highly expressed in immature-green fruits, moderately in young leaves, flowers, and mature-green fruits. To further research the function of SlPRE2, a 35 S:PRE2 binary vector was constructed and transformed into wild type tomato. The transgenic plants showed increased leaf angle and stem internode length, rolling leaves with decreased chlorophyll content. The water loss rate of detached leaves was increased in young transgenic lines but depressed in mature leaves. Besides, overexpression of SlPRE2 promoted morphogenesis in seedling development, producing light-green unripening fruits and yellowing ripen fruits with reduced chlorophyll and carotenoid accumulation in pericarps, respectively. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that expression of the chlorophyll related genes, such as GOLDEN 2-LIKE and RbcS, were decreased in unripening 35
S:PRE2 fruit, and carotenoid biosynthesis-related genes PHYTOENE SYNTHASE1A and ζ-CAROTENE DESATURASE in ripening fruit were also down-regulated. These results suggest that SlPRE2 affects plant morphology and is a negative regulator of fruit pigment accumulation.
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Inoue SI, Iwashita N, Takahashi Y, Gotoh E, Okuma E, Hayashi M, Tabata R, Takemiya A, Murata Y, Doi M, Kinoshita T, Shimazaki KI. Brassinosteroid Involvement in Arabidopsis thaliana Stomatal Opening. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1048-1058. [PMID: 28407091 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Stomata within the plant epidermis regulate CO2 uptake for photosynthesis and water loss through transpiration. Stomatal opening in Arabidopsis thaliana is determined by various factors, including blue light as a signal and multiple phytohormones. Plasma membrane transporters, including H+-ATPase, K+ channels and anion channels in guard cells, mediate these processes, and the activities and expression levels of these components determine stomatal aperture. However, the regulatory mechanisms involved in these processes are not fully understood. In this study, we used infrared thermography to isolate a mutant defective in stomatal opening in response to light. The causative mutation was identified as an allele of the brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthetic mutant dwarf5. Guard cells from this mutant exhibited normal H+-ATPase activity in response to blue light, but showed reduced K+ accumulation and inward-rectifying K+ (K+in) channel activity as a consequence of decreased expression of major K+in channel genes. Consistent with these results, another BR biosynthetic mutant, det2-1, and a BR receptor mutant, bri1-6, exhibited reduced blue light-dependent stomatal opening. Furthermore, application of BR to the hydroponic culture medium completely restored stomatal opening in dwarf5 and det2-1 but not in bri1-6. However, application of BR to the epidermis of dwarf5 did not restore stomatal response. From these results, we conclude that endogenous BR acts in a long-term manner and is required in guard cells with the ability to open stomata in response to light, probably through regulation of K+in channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Inoue
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University,Motooka, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nozomi Iwashita
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University,Motooka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yohei Takahashi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University,Motooka, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eiji Gotoh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University,Motooka, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Forest Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eiji Okuma
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, Japan
| | - Maki Hayashi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryohei Tabata
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University,Motooka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takemiya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University,Motooka, Fukuoka, Japan
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, Japan
| | - Michio Doi
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Shimazaki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University,Motooka, Fukuoka, Japan
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53
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Song L, Huang SSC, Wise A, Castanon R, Nery JR, Chen H, Watanabe M, Thomas J, Bar-Joseph Z, Ecker JR. A transcription factor hierarchy defines an environmental stress response network. Science 2017; 354:354/6312/aag1550. [PMID: 27811239 PMCID: PMC5217750 DOI: 10.1126/science.aag1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Environmental stresses are universally encountered by microbes, plants, and animals. Yet systematic studies of stress-responsive transcription factor (TF) networks in multicellular organisms have been limited. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) influences the expression of thousands of genes, allowing us to characterize complex stress-responsive regulatory networks. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, we identified genome-wide targets of 21 ABA-related TFs to construct a comprehensive regulatory network in Arabidopsis thaliana Determinants of dynamic TF binding and a hierarchy among TFs were defined, illuminating the relationship between differential gene expression patterns and ABA pathway feedback regulation. By extrapolating regulatory characteristics of observed canonical ABA pathway components, we identified a new family of transcriptional regulators modulating ABA and salt responsiveness and demonstrated their utility to modulate plant resilience to osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Song
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shao-Shan Carol Huang
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aaron Wise
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rosa Castanon
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Joseph R Nery
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Huaming Chen
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marina Watanabe
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jerushah Thomas
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ziv Bar-Joseph
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. .,Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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54
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Bu SL, Liu C, Liu N, Zhao JL, Ai LF, Chi H, Li KL, Chien CW, Burlingame AL, Zhang SW, Wang ZY. Immunopurification and Mass Spectrometry Identifies Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and BIN2/GSK3 as Regulators of AKS Transcription Factors in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:345-348. [PMID: 27769939 PMCID: PMC5457793 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Lei Bu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei 050024, China; Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Institute of Computing Technology, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei 050024, China
| | - Ji-Long Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei 050024, China
| | - Lian-Feng Ai
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei 050024, China
| | - Hao Chi
- Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Institute of Computing Technology, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kathy L Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Chih-Wei Chien
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sheng-Wei Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei 050024, China.
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Rabissi A, Vilela B, Lumbreras V, Ludevid D, Culiáñez-Macià FA, Pagés M. Molecular characterization of maize bHLH transcription factor (ZmKS), a new ZmOST1 kinase substrate. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 253:1-12. [PMID: 27968978 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to identify potential substrates of the maize kinase in the ABA signalling network, ZmOST1 was used as bait against a library of cDNAs from dehydrated young leaves. A ZmOST1-interactive polypeptide ZmKS (gene locus tag: GRMZM2G114873), showing homology with the Arabidopsis thaliana basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA-binding transcription factor was identified. Using a comparative genomic approach, the ZmKS corresponding protein was identified as conceptual translated bHLH transcription factor ABA-responsive kinase substrate. ZmKS is localized in the nucleus, shows a potential binding specificity preferentially detectable on cis-acting E-box like heptameric motifs CCACTTG and CAAGTTG, and is phosphorylated by maize protein kinase ZmOST1. ZmKS is expressed in embryo, leaf and root, expression being affected by ABA and osmotic stress. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants, with gain of ZmKS function, show a delay in germination and a transcriptional stomatal opening-facilitator activity, switchover upon ZmKS phosphorylation, suggesting that ZmKS is an ABA-repressed trans-acting activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Rabissi
- Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica 20 (CRAG), Consortium CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB. Campus UAB - Edifici CRAG, 21 Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belmiro Vilela
- Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica 20 (CRAG), Consortium CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB. Campus UAB - Edifici CRAG, 21 Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Lumbreras
- Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica 20 (CRAG), Consortium CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB. Campus UAB - Edifici CRAG, 21 Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Ludevid
- Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica 20 (CRAG), Consortium CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB. Campus UAB - Edifici CRAG, 21 Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco A Culiáñez-Macià
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-C.S.I.C, Camino de Vera, s/n. 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Pagés
- Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica 20 (CRAG), Consortium CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB. Campus UAB - Edifici CRAG, 21 Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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56
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Takahashi Y, Kinoshita T, Matsumoto M, Shimazaki KI. Inhibition of the Arabidopsis bHLH transcription factor by monomerization through abscisic acid-induced phosphorylation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 87:559-567. [PMID: 27227462 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that the Arabidopsis basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, ABA-responsive kinase substrate 1 (AKS1; also known as FLOWERING BHLH 3, FBH3), enhances K(+) channel expression in guard cells leading to stomatal opening. The expression is suppressed by ABA-induced phosphorylation of AKS1. Here we show that the phosphorylation results in the monomerization of AKS1 multimers and inhibits AKS1 binding to DNA. AKS1 forms homo-multimers which dissociate following phosphorylation. Replacement of a critical amino acid in the bHLH domain inhibited multimer formation and decreased the binding of AKS1 to DNA. The monomerization was elicited via phosphorylation at three serine residues, which is mediated by SNF1-related protein kinase 2.6 (SnRK2.6), in the vicinity of bHLH domain. Furthermore, ABA induced the phosphorylation-dependent release of AKS1 from DNA, thereby suppressing transcriptional activity in vivo. Our results document a mechanism that inhibits gene expression by phosphorylation of a bHLH transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Takahashi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Masaki Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Shimazaki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.
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Kinmonth-Schultz HA, Tong X, Lee J, Song YH, Ito S, Kim SH, Imaizumi T. Cool night-time temperatures induce the expression of CONSTANS and FLOWERING LOCUS T to regulate flowering in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 211:208-24. [PMID: 26856528 PMCID: PMC4887344 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Day length and ambient temperature are major stimuli controlling flowering time. To understand flowering mechanisms in more natural conditions, we explored the effect of daily light and temperature changes on Arabidopsis thaliana. Seedlings were exposed to different day/night temperature and day-length treatments to assess expression changes in flowering genes. Cooler temperature treatments increased CONSTANS (CO) transcript levels at night. Night-time CO induction was diminished in flowering bhlh (fbh)-quadruple mutants. FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) transcript levels were reduced at dusk, but increased at the end of cooler nights. The dusk suppression, which was alleviated in short vegetative phase (svp) mutants, occurred particularly in younger seedlings, whereas the increase during the night continued over 2 wk. Cooler temperature treatments altered the levels of FLOWERING LOCUS M-β (FLM-β) and FLM-δ splice variants. FT levels correlated strongly with flowering time across treatments. Day/night temperature changes modulate photoperiodic flowering by changing FT accumulation patterns. Cooler night-time temperatures enhance FLOWERING BHLH (FBH)-dependent induction of CO and consequently increase CO protein. When plants are young, cooler temperatures suppress FT at dusk through SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) function, perhaps to suppress precocious flowering. Our results suggest day length and diurnal temperature changes combine to modulate FT and flowering time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xinran Tong
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA
| | - Jae Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA
| | - Young Hun Song
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA
- Department of Life Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Shogo Ito
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA
| | - Soo-Hyung Kim
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2100, USA
| | - Takato Imaizumi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA
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58
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Zhao C, Cai S, Wang Y, Chen ZH. Loss of nitrate reductases NIA1 and NIA2 impairs stomatal closure by altering genes of core ABA signaling components in Arabidopsis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1183088. [PMID: 27171851 PMCID: PMC4973779 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1183088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate reductases NIA1 and NIA2 determine NO production in plants and are critical to abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure. However, the role for NIA1 and NIA2 in ABA signaling has not been paid much attention in nitrate reductase loss-of-function mutant nia1nia2. Recently, we have demonstrated that ABA-inhibited K(+)in current and ABA-enhanced slow anion current were absent in nia1nia2. Exogenous NO restored regulation of these channels for stomatal closure in nia1nia2. In this study, we found that mutating NIA1 and NIA2 impaired nearly all the key components of guard cell ABA signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. We also propose a simplified model for ABA signaling in the nia1nia2 mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhao
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Shengguan Cai
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
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Sah SK, Reddy KR, Li J. Abscisic Acid and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:571. [PMID: 27200044 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00571/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress is a primary threat to fulfill the demand of agricultural production to feed the world in coming decades. Plants reduce growth and development process during stress conditions, which ultimately affect the yield. In stress conditions, plants develop various stress mechanism to face the magnitude of stress challenges, although that is not enough to protect them. Therefore, many strategies have been used to produce abiotic stress tolerance crop plants, among them, abscisic acid (ABA) phytohormone engineering could be one of the methods of choice. ABA is an isoprenoid phytohormone, which regulates various physiological processes ranging from stomatal opening to protein storage and provides adaptation to many stresses like drought, salt, and cold stresses. ABA is also called an important messenger that acts as the signaling mediator for regulating the adaptive response of plants to different environmental stress conditions. In this review, we will discuss the role of ABA in response to abiotic stress at the molecular level and ABA signaling. The review also deals with the effect of ABA in respect to gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj K Sah
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University Mississippi State, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Kambham R Reddy
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University Mississippi State, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Jiaxu Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University Mississippi State, Mississippi, MS, USA
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60
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Sah SK, Reddy KR, Li J. Abscisic Acid and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:571. [PMID: 27200044 PMCID: PMC4855980 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 563] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress is a primary threat to fulfill the demand of agricultural production to feed the world in coming decades. Plants reduce growth and development process during stress conditions, which ultimately affect the yield. In stress conditions, plants develop various stress mechanism to face the magnitude of stress challenges, although that is not enough to protect them. Therefore, many strategies have been used to produce abiotic stress tolerance crop plants, among them, abscisic acid (ABA) phytohormone engineering could be one of the methods of choice. ABA is an isoprenoid phytohormone, which regulates various physiological processes ranging from stomatal opening to protein storage and provides adaptation to many stresses like drought, salt, and cold stresses. ABA is also called an important messenger that acts as the signaling mediator for regulating the adaptive response of plants to different environmental stress conditions. In this review, we will discuss the role of ABA in response to abiotic stress at the molecular level and ABA signaling. The review also deals with the effect of ABA in respect to gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj K. Sah
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State UniversityMississippi State, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Kambham R. Reddy
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State UniversityMississippi State, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Jiaxu Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State UniversityMississippi State, Mississippi, MS, USA
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61
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Cho HY, Wen TN, Wang YT, Shih MC. Quantitative phosphoproteomics of protein kinase SnRK1 regulated protein phosphorylation in Arabidopsis under submergence. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:2745-60. [PMID: 27029354 PMCID: PMC4861021 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
SNF1 RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 1 (SnRK1) is proposed to be a central integrator of the plant stress and energy starvation signalling pathways. We observed that the Arabidopsis SnRK1.1 dominant negative mutant (SnRK1.1 (K48M) ) had lower tolerance to submergence than the wild type, suggesting that SnRK1.1-dependent phosphorylation of target proteins is important in signalling pathways triggered by submergence. We conducted quantitative phosphoproteomics and found that the phosphorylation levels of 57 proteins increased and the levels of 27 proteins decreased in Col-0 within 0.5-3h of submergence. Among the 57 proteins with increased phosphorylation in Col-0, 38 did not show increased phosphorylation levels in SnRK1.1 (K48M) under submergence. These proteins are involved mainly in sugar and protein synthesis. In particular, the phosphorylation of MPK6, which is involved in regulating ROS responses under abiotic stresses, was disrupted in the SnRK1.1 (K48M) mutant. In addition, PTP1, a negative regulator of MPK6 activity that directly dephosphorylates MPK6, was also regulated by SnRK1.1. We also showed that energy conservation was disrupted in SnRK1.1 (K48M) , mpk6, and PTP1 (S7AS8A) under submergence. These results reveal insights into the function of SnRK1 and the downstream signalling factors related to submergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Yi Cho
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung-Hsing University, Academia Sinica, Taiwan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taiwan
| | - Tuan-Nan Wen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Tsui Wang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Shih
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung-Hsing University, Academia Sinica, Taiwan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taiwan Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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62
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GOLDEN 2-LIKE transcription factors for chloroplast development affect ozone tolerance through the regulation of stomatal movement. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:4218-23. [PMID: 27035938 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1513093113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stomatal movements regulate gas exchange, thus directly affecting the efficiency of photosynthesis and the sensitivity of plants to air pollutants such as ozone. The GARP family transcription factors GOLDEN 2-LIKE1 (GLK1) and GLK2 have known functions in chloroplast development. Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) plants expressing the chimeric repressors for GLK1 and -2 (GLK1/2-SRDX) exhibited a closed-stomata phenotype and strong tolerance to ozone. By contrast, plants that overexpress GLK1/2 exhibited an open-stomata phenotype and higher sensitivity to ozone. The plants expressing GLK1-SRDX had reduced expression of the genes for inwardly rectifying K(+) (K(+) in) channels and reduced K(+) in channel activity. Abscisic acid treatment did not affect the stomatal phenotype of 35S:GLK1/2-SRDX plants or the transcriptional activity for K(+) in channel gene, indicating that GLK1/2 act independently of abscisic acid signaling. Our results indicate that GLK1/2 positively regulate the expression of genes for K(+) in channels and promote stomatal opening. Because the chimeric GLK1-SRDX repressor driven by a guard cell-specific promoter induced a closed-stomata phenotype without affecting chloroplast development in mesophyll cells, modulating GLK1/2 activity may provide an effective tool to control stomatal movements and thus to confer resistance to air pollutants.
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Chen ZH, Wang Y, Wang JW, Babla M, Zhao C, García-Mata C, Sani E, Differ C, Mak M, Hills A, Amtmann A, Blatt MR. Nitrate reductase mutation alters potassium nutrition as well as nitric oxide-mediated control of guard cell ion channels in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 209:1456-69. [PMID: 26508536 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining potassium (K(+) ) nutrition and a robust guard cell K(+) inward channel activity is considered critical for plants' adaptation to fluctuating and challenging growth environment. ABA induces stomatal closure through hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide (NO) along with subsequent ion channel-mediated loss of K(+) and anions. However, the interactions of NO synthesis and signalling with K(+) nutrition and guard cell K(+) channel activities have not been fully explored in Arabidopsis. Physiological and molecular techniques were employed to dissect the interaction of nitrogen and potassium nutrition in regulating stomatal opening, CO2 assimilation and ion channel activity. These data, gene expression and ABA signalling transduction were compared in wild-type Columbia-0 (Col-0) and the nitrate reductase mutant nia1nia2. Growth and K(+) nutrition were impaired along with stomatal behaviour, membrane transport, and expression of genes associated with ABA signalling in the nia1nia2 mutant. ABA-inhibited K(+) in current and ABA-enhanced slow anion current were absent in nia1nia2. Exogenous NO restored regulation of these channels for complete stomatal closure in nia1nia2. While NO is an important signalling component in ABA-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis, our findings demonstrate a more complex interaction associating potassium nutrition and nitrogen metabolism in the nia1nia2 mutant that affects stomatal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hua Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Jian-Wen Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Mohammad Babla
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Carlos García-Mata
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONCIET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 1245, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Emanuela Sani
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Christopher Differ
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Michelle Mak
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Adrian Hills
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Anna Amtmann
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Michael R Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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Balmant KM, Zhang T, Chen S. Protein Phosphorylation and Redox Modification in Stomatal Guard Cells. Front Physiol 2016; 7:26. [PMID: 26903877 PMCID: PMC4742557 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification (PTM) is recognized as a major process accounting for protein structural variation, functional diversity, and the dynamics and complexity of the proteome. Since PTMs can change the structure and function of proteins, they are essential to coordinate signaling networks and to regulate important physiological processes in eukaryotes. Plants are constantly challenged by both biotic and abiotic stresses that reduce productivity, causing economic losses in crops. The plant responses involve complex physiological, cellular, and molecular processes, with stomatal movement as one of the earliest responses. In order to activate such a rapid response, stomatal guard cells employ cellular PTMs of key protein players in the signaling pathways to regulate the opening and closure of the stomatal pores. Here we discuss two major types of PTMs, protein phosphorylation and redox modification that play essential roles in stomatal movement under stress conditions. We present an overview of PTMs that occur in stomatal guard cells, especially the methods and technologies, and their applications in PTM identification and quantification. Our focus is on PTMs that modify molecular components in guard cell signaling at the stages of signal perception, second messenger production, as well as downstream signaling events and output. Improved understanding of guard cell signaling will enable generation of crops with enhanced stress tolerance, and increased yield and bioenergy through biotechnology and molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Balmant
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
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Shabala S, Bose J, Fuglsang AT, Pottosin I. On a quest for stress tolerance genes: membrane transporters in sensing and adapting to hostile soils. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:1015-31. [PMID: 26507891 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, and flooding severely limit food and fibre production and result in penalties of in excess of US$100 billion per annum to the agricultural sector. Improved abiotic stress tolerance to these environmental constraints via traditional or molecular breeding practices requires a good understanding of the physiological and molecular mechanisms behind roots sensing of hostile soils, as well as downstream signalling cascades to effectors mediating plant adaptive responses to the environment. In this review, we discuss some common mechanisms conferring plant tolerance to these three major abiotic stresses. Central to our discussion are: (i) the essentiality of membrane potential maintenance and ATP production/availability and its use for metabolic versus adaptive responses; (ii) reactive oxygen species and Ca(2+) 'signatures' mediating stress signalling; and (iii) cytosolic K(+) as the common denominator of plant adaptive responses. We discuss in detail how key plasma membrane and tonoplast transporters are regulated by various signalling molecules and processes observed in plants under stress conditions (e.g. changes in membrane potential; cytosolic pH and Ca(2+); reactive oxygen species; polyamines; abscisic acid) and how these stress-induced changes are related to expression and activity of specific ion transporters. The reported results are then discussed in the context of strategies for breeding crops with improved abiotic stress tolerance. We also discuss a classical trade-off between tolerance and yield, and possible avenues for resolving this dilemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia
| | - Jayakumar Bose
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Anja Thoe Fuglsang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Igor Pottosin
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, 28045 Colima, México
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CFLAP1 and CFLAP2 Are Two bHLH Transcription Factors Participating in Synergistic Regulation of AtCFL1-Mediated Cuticle Development in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005744. [PMID: 26745719 PMCID: PMC4706423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The cuticle is a hydrophobic lipid layer covering the epidermal cells of terrestrial plants. Although many genes involved in Arabidopsis cuticle development have been identified, the transcriptional regulation of these genes is largely unknown. Previously, we demonstrated that AtCFL1 negatively regulates cuticle development by interacting with the HD-ZIP IV transcription factor HDG1. Here, we report that two bHLH transcription factors, AtCFL1 associated protein 1 (CFLAP1) and CFLAP2, are also involved in AtCFL1-mediated regulation of cuticle development. CFLAP1 and CFLAP2 interact with AtCFL1 both in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of either CFLAP1 or CFLAP2 led to expressional changes of genes involved in fatty acids, cutin and wax biosynthesis pathways and caused multiple cuticle defective phenotypes such as organ fusion, breakage of the cuticle layer and decreased epicuticular wax crystal loading. Functional inactivation of CFLAP1 and CFLAP2 by chimeric repression technology caused opposite phenotypes to the CFLAP1 overexpressor plants. Interestingly, we find that, similar to the transcription factor HDG1, the function of CFLAP1 in cuticle development is dependent on the presence of AtCFL1. Furthermore, both HDG1 and CFLAP1/2 interact with the same C-terminal C4 zinc finger domain of AtCFL1, a domain that is essential for AtCFL1 function. These results suggest that AtCFL1 may serve as a master regulator in the transcriptional regulation of cuticle development, and that CFLAP1 and CFLAP2 are involved in the AtCFL1-mediated regulation pathway, probably through competing with HDG1 to bind to AtCFL1. The cuticle is a continuous lipid layer covering the aerial parts of land plants. It is very important for the plants, especially for those in the drought area. The biosynthesis of cuticle have been studied well in past decades, however, the transcriptional regulation is still largely unknown. Here we found two new bHLH transcription factors, AtCFL1 associated protein 1 (CFLAP1) and its homolog CFLAP2, which could interact with AtCFL1, a previously identified negative regulator of Arabidopsis cuticle formation. Overexpression of CFLAP1 and CFLAP2 caused cuticle developmental defects, which are similar to the phenotypes of AtCFL1 overexpression plants. Functional inactivation of CFLAP1 in Arabidopsis presents opposite phenotypes to those of its overexpressor. Interestingly, the function of CFLAP1 is dependent on the presence of AtCFL1. These results suggest that CFLAP1 and CFLAP2 regulate cuticle development by interacting with AtCFL1, and that AtCFL1 may work as a master regulator in the transcriptional regulation network.
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Li J, Yang P, Kang J, Gan Y, Yu J, Calderón-Urrea A, Lyu J, Zhang G, Feng Z, Xie J. Transcriptome Analysis of Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Revealed a Role of 24-Epibrassinolide in Response to Chilling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1281. [PMID: 27621739 PMCID: PMC5002408 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) have positive effects on many processes during plant growth, development, and various abiotic stress responses. However, little information is available regarding the global gene expression of BRs in response to chilling stress in pepper. In this study, we used RNA sequencing to determine the molecular roles of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) during a chilling stress response. There were 39,829 transcripts, and, among them, 656 were differently-expressed genes (DEGs) following EBR treatment (Chill+EBR) compared with the control (Chill only), including 335 up-regulated and 321 down-regulated DEGs. We selected 20 genes out of the 656 DEGs for RT-qPCR analysis to confirm the RNA-Seq. Based on GO enrich and KEGG pathway analysis, we found that photosynthesis was significantly up-enriched in biological processes, accompanied by significant increases in the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), Fv/Fm, and chlorophyll content. Furthermore, the results indicate that EBR enhanced endogenous levels of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) while suppressing the ethylene (ETH) biosynthesis pathway, suggesting that BRs function via a synergistic cross-talk with SA, JA, and ETH signaling pathways in response to chilling stress. In addition, EBR induced cellulose synthase-like protein and UDP-glycosyltransferase, suggesting a contribution to the formation of cell wall and hormone metabolism. EBR also triggered the calcium signaling transduction in cytoplasm, and activated the expression of cellular redox homeostasis related genes, such as GSTX1, PER72, and CAT2. This work, therefor, identified the specific genes showed different expression patterns in EBR-treated pepper and associated with the processes of hormone metabolism, redox, signaling, transcription, and defense. Our study provides the first evidence of the potent roles of BRs, at the transcription level, to induce the tolerance to chilling stress in pepper as a function of the combination of the transcriptional activities, signaling transduction, and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Facility Horticulture Science, College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Jungen Kang
- Department of Vegetable Genetics and Breeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yantai Gan
- Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaSwift Current, SK, Canada
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- Department of Facility Horticulture Science, College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou, China
| | | | - Jian Lyu
- Department of Facility Horticulture Science, College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Guobin Zhang
- Department of Facility Horticulture Science, College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Zhi Feng
- Department of Facility Horticulture Science, College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Jianming Xie
- Department of Facility Horticulture Science, College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianming Xie
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68
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Tian H, Guo H, Dai X, Cheng Y, Zheng K, Wang X, Wang S. An ABA down-regulated bHLH transcription repressor gene, bHLH129 regulates root elongation and ABA response when overexpressed in Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17587. [PMID: 26625868 PMCID: PMC4667245 DOI: 10.1038/srep17587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in modulating plant responses to environmental stresses. Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors are one of the largest transcription factor families that regulate multiple aspects of plant growth and development, as well as of plant metabolism in Arabidopsis. Several bHLH transcription factors have been shown to be involved in the regulation of ABA signaling. We report here the characterization of bHLH129, a bHLH transcription factor in Arabidopsis. We found that the expression level of bHLH129 was reduced in response to exogenously applied ABA, and elevated in the ABA biosynthesis mutant aba1-5. Florescence observation of transgenic plants expressing bHLH129-GFP showed that bHLH129 was localized in the nucleus, and transient expression of bHLH129 in protoplasts inhibited reporter gene expression. When expressed in Arabidopsis under the control of the 35S promoter, bHLH129 promoted root elongation, and the transgenic plants were less sensitivity to ABA in root elongation assays. Quantitative RT-PCR results showed that ABA response of several genes involved in ABA signaling, including ABI1, SnRK2.2, SnRK2.3 and SnRK2.6 were altered in the transgenic plants overexpressing bHLH129. Taken together, our study suggests that bHLH129 is a transcription repressor that negatively regulates ABA response in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hainan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Xuemei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Yuxin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Kaijie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Shucai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
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69
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Mittal A, Jiang Y, Ritchie GL, Burke JJ, Rock CD. AtRAV1 and AtRAV2 overexpression in cotton increases fiber length differentially under drought stress and delays flowering. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 241:78-95. [PMID: 26706061 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
There is a longstanding problem of an inverse relationship between cotton fiber qualities versus high yields. To better understand drought stress signaling and adaptation in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fiber development, we expressed the Arabidopsis transcription factors RELATED_TO_ABA-INSENSITIVE3/VIVIPAROUS1/(RAV1) and AtRAV2, which encode APETALA2-Basic3 domain proteins shown to repress transcription of FLOWERING_LOCUS_T (FT) and to promote stomatal opening cell-autonomously. In three years of field trials, we show that AtRAV1 and AtRAV2-overexpressing cotton had ∼5% significantly longer fibers with only marginal decreases in yields under well-watered or drought stress conditions that resulted in 40-60% yield penalties and 3-7% fiber length penalties in control plants. The longer transgenic fibers from drought-stressed transgenics could be spun into yarn which was measurably stronger and more uniform than that from well-watered control fibers. The transgenic AtRAV1 and AtRAV2 lines flowered later and retained bolls at higher nodes, which correlated with repression of endogenous GhFT-Like (FTL) transcript accumulation. Elevated expression early in development of ovules was observed for GhRAV2L, GhMYB25-Like (MYB25L) involved in fiber initiation, and GhMYB2 and GhMYB25 involved in fiber elongation. Altered expression of RAVs controlling critical nodes in developmental and environmental signaling hierarchies has the potential for phenotypic modification of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Mittal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-3131, United States.
| | - Yingwen Jiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-3131, United States.
| | - Glen L Ritchie
- Department of Plant and Soils Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-2122, United States.
| | - John J Burke
- USDA-ARS Plant Stress and Germplasm Laboratory, Lubbock, TX 79415, United States.
| | - Christopher D Rock
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-3131, United States.
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70
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Zhao J, Li P, Motes CM, Park S, Hirschi KD. CHX14 is a plasma membrane K-efflux transporter that regulates K(+) redistribution in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:2223-38. [PMID: 25754420 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K(+) ) is essential for plant growth and development, yet the molecular identity of many K(+) transporters remains elusive. Here we characterized cation/H(+) exchanger (CHX) 14 as a plasma membrane K(+) transporter. CHX14 expression was induced by elevated K(+) and histochemical analysis of CHX14 promoter::GUS transgenic plants indicated that CHX14 was expressed in xylem parenchyma of root and shoot vascular tissues of seedlings. CHX14 knockout (chx14) and CHX14 overexpression seedlings displayed different growth phenotypes during K(+) stress as compared with wild-type seedlings. Roots of mutant seedlings displayed higher K(+) uptake rates than wild-type roots. CHX14 expression in yeast cells deficient in K(+) uptake renders the mutant cells more sensitive to deficiencies of K(+) in the medium. CHX14 mediates K(+) efflux in yeast cells loaded with high K(+) . Uptake experiments using (86) Rb(+) as a tracer for K(+) with both yeast and plant mutants demonstrated that CHX14 expression in yeast and in planta mediated low-affinity K(+) efflux. Functional green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged versions of CHX14 were localized to both the yeast and plant plasma membranes. Taken together, we suggest that CHX14 is a plasma membrane K(+) efflux transporter involved in K(+) homeostasis and K(+) recirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Penghui Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Christy M Motes
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Inc, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Sunghun Park
- Department of Horticulture, Forestry and Recreation Resources, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Kendal D Hirschi
- Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
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Yoshida T, Mogami J, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. Omics Approaches Toward Defining the Comprehensive Abscisic Acid Signaling Network in Plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:1043-52. [PMID: 25917608 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
ABA is a plant hormone that plays crucial roles in controlling cellular and physiological responses to osmotic stress and in developmental processes. Endogenous ABA levels are increased in response to a decrease in water availability in cells, and ABA sensing and signaling are thought to be mediated according to the current model established in Arabidopsis thaliana, which involves pyrabactin resistance 1 (PYR)/PYR1-like (PYL)/regulatory components of ABA receptor (RCAR), protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) and sucrose non-fermenting-1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2). These core components of ABA signaling have a pivotal role in stress-responsive gene expression and stomatal regulation. However, because a limited number of their upstream and downstream factors have been characterized, it is still difficult to define the comprehensive network of ABA signaling in plants. This review focuses on current progress in the study of PYR/PYL/RCARs, PP2Cs and SnRK2s, with particular emphasis on omics approaches, such as interactome and phosphoproteome studies. Moreover, the role of ABA in plant growth and development is discussed based on recent metabolomic profiling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yoshida
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Junro Mogami
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
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72
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Kumari A, Kumar J, Kumar A, Chaudhury A, Singh SP. Grafting triggers differential responses between scion and rootstock. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124438. [PMID: 25874958 PMCID: PMC4395316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Grafting is a well-established practice to facilitate asexual propagation in horticultural and agricultural crops. It has become a method for studying molecular aspects of root-to-shoot and/or shoot-to-root signaling events. The objective of this study was to investigate differences in gene expression between the organs of the scion and rootstock of a homograft (Arabidopsis thaliana). MapMan and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed differentially expressed genes from numerous functional categories related to stress responses in the developing flower buds and leaves of scion and rootstock. Meta-analysis suggested induction of drought-type responses in flower buds and leaves of the scion. The flower buds of scion showed over-representation of the transcription factor genes, such as Homeobox, NAC, MYB, bHLH, B3, C3HC4, PLATZ etc. The scion leaves exhibited higher accumulation of the regulatory genes for flower development, such as SEPALLATA 1-4, Jumonji C and AHL16. Differential transcription of genes related to ethylene, gibberellic acid and other stimuli was observed between scion and rootstock. The study is useful in understanding the molecular basis of grafting and acclimation of scion on rootstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kumari
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
- Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ashok Chaudhury
- Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Sudhir P. Singh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
- * E-mail:
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73
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McAdam SAM, Brodribb TJ. Hormonal dynamics contributes to divergence in seasonal stomatal behaviour in a monsoonal plant community. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:423-32. [PMID: 24995884 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is a primary regulator of plant transpiration, but its influence in determining seasonal stomatal behaviour in natural plant communities is poorly understood. We examined distantly related vascular plants growing together in a seasonally dry, monsoonal environment to determine whether ABA dynamics contributed to contrasting water use patterns in this natural setting. Regular sampling of angiosperm, cycad, conifer and fern species revealed characteristic seasonal patterns in ABA production, but these were highly distinct among species. Although no general relationship was observed between ABA levels, plant hydration or stomatal conductance among species, the seasonal dynamics in stomatal behaviour within species were predictable functions of either ABA or leaf water potential. Strong divergence in the seasonal role of ABA among species suggests that modification in ABA-stomatal interactions represents an important evolutionary pathway for adaptation in plant water use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A M McAdam
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
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74
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Minkoff BB, Stecker KE, Sussman MR. Rapid Phosphoproteomic Effects of Abscisic Acid (ABA) on Wild-Type and ABA Receptor-Deficient A. thaliana Mutants. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:1169-82. [PMID: 25693798 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.043307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA)¹ is a plant hormone that controls many aspects of plant growth, including seed germination, stomatal aperture size, and cellular drought response. ABA interacts with a unique family of 14 receptor proteins. This interaction leads to the activation of a family of protein kinases, SnRK2s, which in turn phosphorylate substrates involved in many cellular processes. The family of receptors appears functionally redundant. To observe a measurable phenotype, four of the fourteen receptors have to be mutated to create a multilocus loss-of-function quadruple receptor (QR) mutant, which is much less sensitive to ABA than wild-type (WT) plants. Given these phenotypes, we asked whether or not a difference in ABA response between the WT and QR backgrounds would manifest on a phosphorylation level as well. We tested WT and QR mutant ABA response using isotope-assisted quantitative phosphoproteomics to determine what ABA-induced phosphorylation changes occur in WT plants within 5 min of ABA treatment and how that phosphorylation pattern is altered in the QR mutant. We found multiple ABA-induced phosphorylation changes that occur within 5 min of treatment, including three SnRK2 autophosphorylation events and phosphorylation on SnRK2 substrates. The majority of robust ABA-dependent phosphorylation changes observed were partially diminished in the QR mutant, whereas many smaller ABA-dependent phosphorylation changes observed in the WT were not responsive to ABA in the mutant. A single phosphorylation event was increased in response to ABA treatment in both the WT and QR mutant. A portion of the discovery data was validated using selected reaction monitoring-based targeted measurements on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. These data suggest that different subsets of phosphorylation events depend upon different subsets of the ABA receptor family to occur. Altogether, these data expand our understanding of the model by which the family of ABA receptors directs rapid phosphoproteomic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Minkoff
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - Kelly E Stecker
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - Michael R Sussman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
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75
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Wang L, Ma X, Che Y, Hou L, Liu X, Zhang W. Extracellular ATP mediates H 2 S-regulated stomatal movements and guard cell K + current in a H 2 O 2 -dependent manner in Arabidopsis. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-014-0659-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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76
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Walton A, Stes E, De Smet I, Goormachtig S, Gevaert K. Plant hormone signalling through the eye of the mass spectrometer. Proteomics 2015; 15:1113-26. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Walton
- Department of Medical Protein Research; VIB, Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry; VIB, Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
- Department of Plant Systems Biology; VIB, Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics; VIB, Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Stes
- Department of Medical Protein Research; VIB, Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry; VIB, Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
- Department of Plant Systems Biology; VIB, Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics; VIB, Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Systems Biology; VIB, Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics; VIB, Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- Department of Plant Systems Biology; VIB, Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics; VIB, Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Medical Protein Research; VIB, Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry; VIB, Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
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77
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Takahashi Y, Kinoshita T. Stomatal function has an element of hysteresis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 205:455-7. [PMID: 25521066 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Takahashi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
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78
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Yoshida T, Fujita Y, Maruyama K, Mogami J, Todaka D, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. Four Arabidopsis AREB/ABF transcription factors function predominantly in gene expression downstream of SnRK2 kinases in abscisic acid signalling in response to osmotic stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:35-49. [PMID: 24738645 PMCID: PMC4302978 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Under osmotic stress conditions such as drought and high salinity, the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays important roles in stress-responsive gene expression mainly through three bZIP transcription factors, AREB1/ABF2, AREB2/ABF4 and ABF3, which are activated by SNF1-related kinase 2s (SnRK2s) such as SRK2D/SnRK2.2, SRK2E/SnRK2.6 and SRK2I/SnRK2.3 (SRK2D/E/I). However, since the three AREB/ABFs are crucial, but not exclusive, for the SnRK2-mediated gene expression, transcriptional pathways governed by SRK2D/E/I are not fully understood. Here, we show that a bZIP transcription factor, ABF1, is a functional homolog of AREB1, AREB2 and ABF3 in ABA-dependent gene expression in Arabidopsis. Despite lower expression levels of ABF1 than those of the three AREB/ABFs, the areb1 areb2 abf3 abf1 mutant plants displayed increased sensitivity to drought and decreased sensitivity to ABA in primary root growth compared with the areb1 areb2 abf3 mutant. Genome-wide transcriptome analyses revealed that expression of downstream genes of SRK2D/E/I, which include many genes functioning in osmotic stress responses and tolerance such as transcription factors and LEA proteins, was mostly impaired in the quadruple mutant. Thus, these results indicate that the four AREB/ABFs are the predominant transcription factors downstream of SRK2D/E/I in ABA signalling in response to osmotic stress during vegetative growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yoshida
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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79
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Yoshida T, Mogami J, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. ABA-dependent and ABA-independent signaling in response to osmotic stress in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 21:133-139. [PMID: 25104049 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 553] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants have adaptive robustness to osmotic stresses such as drought and high salinity. Numerous genes functioning in stress response and tolerance are induced under osmotic conditions in diverse plants. Various signaling proteins, such as transcription factors, protein kinases and phosphatases, play signal transduction roles during plant adaptation to osmotic stress, with involvement ranging from stress signal perception to stress-responsive gene expression. Recent progress has been made in analyzing the complex cascades of gene expression during osmotic stress response, and especially in identifying specificity and crosstalk in abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and ABA-independent signaling pathways. In this review, we highlight transcriptional regulation of gene expression governed by two key transcription factors: AREB/ABFs and DREB2A operating respectively in ABA-dependent and ABA-independent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yoshida
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Junro Mogami
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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80
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McLachlan DH, Kopischke M, Robatzek S. Gate control: guard cell regulation by microbial stress. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 203:1049-1063. [PMID: 25040778 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial plants rely on stomata, small pores in the leaf surface, for photosynthetic gas exchange and transpiration of water. The stomata, formed by a pair of guard cells, dynamically increase and decrease their volume to control the pore size in response to environmental cues. Stresses can trigger similar or opposing movements: for example, drought induces closure of stomata, whereas many pathogens exploit stomata and cause them to open to facilitate entry into plant tissues. The latter is an active process as stomatal closure is part of the plant's immune response. Stomatal research has contributed much to clarify the signalling pathways of abiotic stress, but guard cell signalling in response to microbes is a relatively new area of research. In this article, we discuss present knowledge of stomatal regulation in response to microbes and highlight common points of convergence, and differences, compared to stomatal regulation by abiotic stresses. We also expand on the mechanisms by which pathogens manipulate these processes to promote disease, for example by delivering effectors to inhibit closure or trigger opening of stomata. The study of pathogen effectors in stomatal manipulation will aid our understanding of guard cell signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Silke Robatzek
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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81
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Zhang M, Lv D, Ge P, Bian Y, Chen G, Zhu G, Li X, Yan Y. Phosphoproteome analysis reveals new drought response and defense mechanisms of seedling leaves in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J Proteomics 2014; 109:290-308. [PMID: 25065648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Drought is a major form of abiotic stress that significantly affects plant growth and development. In this study, we performed the first phosphoproteome analysis of seedling leaves from two bread wheat cultivars (Hanxuan 10 and Ningchun 47) subjected to drought stress. As a result, a total of 191 and 251 unique phosphopeptides, representing 173 and 227 phosphoproteins in two cultivars, respectively, were identified as being significant changes in phosphorylation level (SCPL) under drought stress. Through the comparison of SCPL phosphoproteins between two cultivars, 31 common SCPL phosphoproteins were found in both cultivars. Function analysis showed that the SCPL phosphoproteins in the two cultivars are mainly involved in three biological processes: RNA transcription/processing, stress/detoxification/defense, and signal transduction. Further analyses revealed that some SCPL phosphoproteins may play key roles in signal transduction and the signaling cascade under drought stress. Furthermore, some phosphoproteins related to drought tolerance and osmotic regulation exhibited significant phosphorylation changes. This study used a series of bioinformatics tools to profile the phosphorylation status of wheat seedling leaves under drought stress with greater accuracy. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Drought is of the most studied abiotic stresses, because it severely restricts the development and yield of plants. In this study, large numbers of stress-related phosphoproteins are identified from the two bread wheat cultivars. These phosphoproteins contribute to signal transduction, osmotic regulation and ROS scavenging under water stress. This work provides a detailed insight into the mechanisms of drought response and defense in bread wheat from the perspective of phosphoproteomics, and identifies some important drought-tolerant candidates for further transgenosis study and incorporation into the breeding of resistant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, PR China.
| | - Dongwen Lv
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, PR China.
| | - Pei Ge
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, PR China.
| | - Yanwei Bian
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, PR China.
| | - Guanxing Chen
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, PR China.
| | - Gengrui Zhu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, PR China.
| | - Xiaohui Li
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, PR China.
| | - Yueming Yan
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, PR China.
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82
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Zhang T, Chen S, Harmon AC. Protein phosphorylation in stomatal movement. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e972845. [PMID: 25482764 PMCID: PMC4622631 DOI: 10.4161/15592316.2014.972845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As research progresses on how guard cells perceive and transduce environmental cues to regulate stomatal movement, plant biologists are discovering key roles of protein phosphorylation. Early research efforts focused on characterization of ion channels and transporters in guard cell hormonal signaling. Subsequent genetic studies identified mutants of kinases and phosphatases that are defective in regulating guard cell ion channel activities, and recently proteins regulated by phosphorylation have been identified. Here we review the essential role of protein phosphorylation in ABA-induced stomatal closure and in blue light-induced stomatal opening. We also highlight evidence for the cross-talk between different pathways, which is mediated by protein phosphorylation.
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Key Words
- AAPK, ABA activated protein kinase
- ABA
- ABA, abscisic acid
- ABI, abscisic acid insensitive
- AHK5, Arabidopsis histidine kinases 5
- AKS, ABA-responsive kinase substrates
- BL, blue light
- BLUS1, blue light signaling1
- CBL, calcineurin-B like proteins
- CIPK, CBL-interacting protein kinase
- CPK, calcium dependent protein kinase
- EPs, epidermal peels
- GCPs, guard cell protoplasts
- GHR1, guard cell hydrogen peroxide-resistant1
- HAB1, homology to ABI1
- HRB1, hypersensitive to red and blue 1
- HXK, hexokinase
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- KAT1, K+ channel in A. thaliana 1
- LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
- MAP4K, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase
- MPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MeJA, methyl jasmonate
- NO, nitric oxide
- OST1, open stomata 1
- PA, phosphatidic acid
- PHO1, phosphate1
- PP1, protein phosphatase
- PP7, protein phosphatase
- PRSL1, PP1 regulatory subunit2-like protein1
- PTPases, protein tyrosine phosphatases
- QUAC1, quickly-activating anion channel 1
- RBOH, respiratory burst oxidase homolog
- ROS
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SLAC1, slow anion channel-associated 1
- SnRK2.6, sucrose nonfermenting-1 (Snf1)-related protein kinase 2.6
- blue light
- guard cell, ion channel
- kinase
- phosphatase
- protein phosphorylation
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Biology and the University of Florida Genetics Institute; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology and the University of Florida Genetics Institute; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL USA
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL USA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Alice C Harmon
- Department of Biology and the University of Florida Genetics Institute; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL USA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL USA
- Correspondence to: Alice C Harmon;
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Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the major phytohormones and regulates various processes in the plant life cycle, for example, seed development and abiotic/biotic stress responses. Recent studies have made significant progress in elucidating ABA signaling and established a simple ABA signaling model consisting of three core components: PYR/PYL/RCAR receptors, 2C-type protein phosphatases, and SnRK2 protein kinases. This model highlights the importance of protein phosphorylation mediated by SnRK2, but the downstream substrates of SnRK2 remain to be determined to complete the model. Previous studies have identified several SnRK2 substrates involving transcription factors and ion channels. Recently, SnRK2 substrates have been further surveyed by a phosphoproteomic approach, giving new insights on the SnRK2 downstream pathway. Other protein kinases, e.g., Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), have been identified as ABA signaling factors. Some evidence suggests that the SnRK2 pathway partially interacts with CDPK or MAPK pathways. In this chapter, recent advances in ABA signaling study are summarized, primarily focusing on two major protein kinases, SnRK2 and MAPK. Challenges for further study of the ABA-dependent protein phosphorylation network are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Umezawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan.
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Tsuzuki T, Takahashi K, Tomiyama M, Inoue SI, Kinoshita T. Overexpression of the Mg-chelatase H subunit in guard cells confers drought tolerance via promotion of stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:440. [PMID: 24198823 PMCID: PMC3812566 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The Mg-chelatase H subunit (CHLH) has been shown to mediate chlorophyll biosynthesis, as well as plastid-to-nucleus and abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated signaling. A recent study using a novel CHLH mutant, rtl1, indicated that CHLH specifically affects ABA-induced stomatal closure, but also that CHLH did not serve as an ABA receptor in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the molecular mechanism by which CHLH engages in ABA-mediated signaling in guard cells remains largely unknown. In the present study, we examined CHLH function in guard cells and explored whether CHLH expression might influence stomatal aperture. Incubation of rtl1 guard cell protoplasts with ABA induced expression of the ABA-responsive genes RAB18 and RD29B, as also observed in wild-type (WT) cells, indicating that CHLH did not affect the expression of ABA-responsive genes. Earlier, ABA was reported to inhibit blue light (BL)-mediated stomatal opening, at least in part through dephosphorylating/inhibiting guard cell H(+)-ATPase (which drives opening). Therefore, we immunohistochemically examined the phosphorylation status of guard cell H(+)-ATPase. Notably, ABA inhibition of BL-induced phosphorylation of H(+)-ATPase was impaired in rtl1 cells, suggesting that CHLH influences not only ABA-induced stomatal closure but also inhibition of BL-mediated stomatal opening by ABA. Next, we generated CHLH-GFP-overexpressing plants using CER6 promoter, which induces gene expression in the epidermis including guard cells. CHLH-transgenic plants exhibited a closed stomata phenotype even when brightly illuminated. Moreover, plant growth experiments conducted under water-deficient conditions showed that CHLH transgenic plants were more tolerant of drought than WT plants. In summary, we show that CHLH is involved in the regulation of stomatal aperture in response to ABA, but not in ABA-induced gene expression, and that manipulation of stomatal aperture via overexpression of CHLH in guard cells improves plant drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomo Tsuzuki
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya UniversityNagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Takahashi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya UniversityNagoya, Japan
| | - Masakazu Tomiyama
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya UniversityNagoya, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Inoue
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya UniversityNagoya, Japan
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya UniversityNagoya, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya UniversityNagoya, Japan
- *Correspondence: Toshinori Kinoshita, Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan e-mail:
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