51
|
da Rocha LF, Pippi B, Joaquim AR, de Andrade SF, Fuentefria AM. 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-(N-4-chlorophenyl) sulfonamide and fluconazole combination as a preventive strategy for Candida biofilm in haemodialysis devices. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 34259620 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. The presence of Candida biofilms in medical devices is a concerning and important clinical issue for haemodialysis patients who require constant use of prosthetic fistulae and catheters.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. This prolonged use increases the risk of candidaemia due to biofilm formation. PH151 and clioquinol are 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives that have been studied by our group and showed interesting anti-Candida activity.Aim. This study evaluated the biofilm formation capacity of Candida species on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyurethane (PUR) and investigated the synergistic effects between the compounds PH151 and clioquinol and fluconazole, amphotericin B and caspofungin against biofilm cells removed from those materials. Further, the synergistic combination was evaluated in terms of preventing biofilm formation on PTFE and PUR discs.Methodology. Susceptibility testing was performed for planktonic and biofilm cells using the broth microdilution method. The checkerboard method and the time-kill assay were used to evaluate the interactions between antifungal agents. Antibiofilm activity on PTFE and PUR materials was assessed to quantify the prevention of biofilm formation.Results. Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis showed ability to form biofilms on both materials. By contrast, Candida parapsilosis did not demonstrate this ability. Synergistic interaction was observed when PH151 was combined with fluconazole in 77.8 % of isolates and this treatment was shown to be concentration- and time-dependent. On the other hand, indifferent interactions were predominantly observed with the other combinations. A reduction in biofilm formation on PUR material of more than 50 % was observed when using PH151 combined with fluconazole.Conclusion. PH151 demonstrated potential as a local treatment for use in a combination therapy approach against Candida biofilm formation on haemodialysis devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Fernandes da Rocha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratório de Micologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna Pippi
- Laboratório de Micologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Angélica Rocha Joaquim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Saulo Fernandes de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Meneghello Fuentefria
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Synergistic Activity of New Diclofenac and Essential Oils Combinations against Different Candida spp. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060688. [PMID: 34201271 PMCID: PMC8227113 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
According to recent studies, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) have shown a good antimicrobial and antifungal activity. Their association with essential oils (EOs) could be useful for the treatment of infections caused by Candida spp. The aim of this studyis to evaluate the synergistic antifungal activity of new combinations between Diclofenac Sodium Salt (DSS), a widely used NSAID, with EOs of Mentha × piperita, Pelargonium graveolens and Melaleuca alternifolia. The in-vitro antifungal activity was determined on different Candida strains. The determination of the chemical composition of EOs was carried out by gaschromatography-massspectrometry (GC-MS). Susceptibility testing of planktonic cells was performed by using the broth microdilution assay and checkerboard methods. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of DSS was in a range from 1.02 to 2.05 μg/mL reaching a MIC value of 0.05 μg/mL when combined with Pelargonium graveolens (FICI = 0.23–0.35) or Menthapiperita (FICI = 0.22–0.30) EOs. These preliminary results show thatthe combination of the EOs with DSS improves the antifungal activity on all the tested Candida strains.
Collapse
|
53
|
Abstract
Invasive fungal diseases continue to cause substantial mortality in the enlarging immunocompromised population. It is fortunate that the field has moved past amphotericin B deoxycholate as the only available antifungal drug but despite new classes of antifungal agents both primary and secondary drug resistance in molds and yeasts abound. From the rise of multiple-drug-resistant Candida auris to the agrochemical selection of environmental azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus, it is and will be critical to understand antifungal drug resistance and both prevent and treat it with new strategies and agents.
Collapse
|
54
|
Vu K, Blumwald E, Gelli A. The Antifungal Activity of HMA, an Amiloride Analog and Inhibitor of Na +/H + Exchangers. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:673035. [PMID: 34025629 PMCID: PMC8133316 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.673035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One path toward identifying effective and easily accessible antifungals is to repurpose commonly used drugs. Amiloride, a widely used diuretic, inhibits different isoforms of Na+/H+ exchangers, Na+ channels, and Na+/Ca2+ exchangers. Here, we found that amiloride had poor antifungal activity against isolates of Cryptococcus prompting the examination of the amiloride analog, HMA [5-(N,N-hexamethylene)amiloride]. HMA possesses strong activity against Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs) and little K+-associated toxicity since HMA has only minimal inhibitory effects toward epithelial sodium channels (ENaC), the diuretic and antikaliuretic target of amiloride. Although HMA produced a robust dose-dependent growth inhibition of several fungal isolates, susceptibility assays revealed modest MICs against isolates of Cryptococcus. A checkerboard dilution strategy resulted in fractional inhibitory concentrations (FIC) < 0.5, suggesting that HMA displays synergy with several antifungal azole drugs including posaconazole, voriconazole, and ketoconazole. Itraconazole and ravuconazole showed moderate synergy with HMA across all tested fungal isolates. In combination with HMA, ravuconazole had MICs of 0.004-0.008 μg/ml, a ∼16-fold reduction compared to MICs of ravuconazole when used alone and significantly more effective than the overall MIC90 (0.25 μg/ml) reported for ravuconazole against 541 clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans. In combination with azole drugs, MICs of HMA ranged from 3.2 μM (1 μg/ml) to 26 μM (16 μg/ml), HMA was not cytotoxic at concentrations ≤ 8 μg/ml, but MICs were above the reported HMA Ki of 0.013-2.4 μM for various Na+/H+ exchangers. Our results suggest that HMA has limited potential as a monotherapy and may have additional targets in fungal/yeast cells since strains lacking NHEs remained sensitive to HMA. We determined that the hydrophobic substituent at the 5-amino group of HMA is likely responsible for the observed antifungal activity and synergy with several azoles since derivatives with bulky polar substitutions showed no activity against Cryptococcus, indicating that other 5-substituted HMA derivatives could possess stronger antifungal activity. Moreover, substitution of other positions around the pyrazine core of HMA has not been investigated but could reveal new leads for antifungal drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiem Vu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Angie Gelli
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Wei LQ, Tan JC, Wang Y, Mei YK, Xue JY, Tian L, Song KY, Han L, Cui YC, Peng YB, Li JQ, Liu NN, Wang H. Fingolimod Potentiates the Antifungal Activity of Amphotericin B. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:627917. [PMID: 33968796 PMCID: PMC8102868 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.627917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen that can cause severe infection in clinic. Its incidence and mortality rate has been increasing rapidly. Amphotericin B (AMB), the clinical golden standard antifungal agent, has severe side effects that limit its clinical application. Thus, lowering the concentration and increasing the efficacy of AMB in a combinatorial antifungal therapy have been pursued by both industry and academia. Here we identify that fingolimod (FTY720), an immunomodulatory drug used for oral treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, can potentiate the efficacy of AMB against C. albicans growth synergistically. Furthermore, we observe an antifungal efficacy of FTY720 in combination with AMB against diverse fungal pathogens. Intriguingly, cells treated with both drugs are hypersensitive to endothelial endocytosis and macrophage killing. This is later found to be due to the hyperaccumulation of reactive oxygen species and the corresponding increase in activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the cells that received combinatorial treatment. Therefore, the combination of AMB and FTY720 provides a promising antifungal strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Qi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Cong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Kun Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Yu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke-Yu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Chao Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Bing Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Quan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning-Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Limonene-carvacrol: A combination of monoterpenes with enhanced antileishmanial activity. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 74:105158. [PMID: 33823240 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is a parasitosis with a wide incidence in developing countries. The drugs which are indicated for the treatment of this infection usually are able to promote high toxicity. PURPOSE A combination of limonene and carvacrol, monoterpenes present in plants with antiparasitic activity may constitute an alternative for the treatment of these diseases. METHODS In this study, the antileishmania activity against Leishmania major, cytotoxicity tests, assessment of synergism, parasite membrane damage tests as well as molecular docking and immunomodulatory activity of limonene-carvacrol (Lim-Car) combination were evaluated. RESULTS The Lim-Car combination (5:0; 1:1; 1:4; 2:3; 3:2; 4:1 and 0:5) showed potential antileishmania activity, with mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) ranging from 5.8 to 19.0 μg.mL-1. They demonstrated mean cytotoxic concentration (CC50) ranging from 94.1 to 176.0 μg.mL-1, and did not show significant hemolytic effect. In the investigation of synergistic interaction, the 4:1 Lim-Car combination showed better fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index as well as better activity on amastigotes and IS. The samples caused considerable damage to the parasite membrane this monoterpene activity seems to be more related to Trypanothione Reductase (TryR) enzyme interaction, demonstrated in the molecular docking assay. In addition, the 4:1 Lim-Car combination stimulated macrophage activation, and showed at was the best association, with reduction of infection and infectivity of parasitized macrophages. CONCLUSION The 4:1 Lim-Car combination appears to be a promising candidate as a monotherapeutic antileishmania agent.
Collapse
|
57
|
Evaluation of Synergistic Activity of Isavuconazole or Voriconazole plus Anidulafungin and the Occurrence and Genetic Characterization of Candida auris Detected in a Surveillance Program. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:AAC.02031-20. [PMID: 33431416 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02031-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 15 Candida auris isolates from the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program between 2006 and 2019 were combined with 21 isolates from other collections for the evaluation of antifungal susceptibility and synergy against anidulafungin plus voriconazole or isavuconazole using the checkerboard method. Surveillance isolates were analyzed for genetic relatedness and resistance mechanisms. Applying the tentative statistical epidemiological cutoff values and the Centers for Disease Control tentative breakpoints, 32/36 isolates were resistant to fluconazole, 5/36 were resistant to amphotericin B, 5/36 were non-wild-type (NWT) to anidulafungin, 3/36 were NWT to micafungin, and 1/36 and 10/36 were NWT to isavuconazole and voriconazole, respectively. Of these, 10 isolates were multidrug resistant, which means that these isolates were resistant to 2 antifungal classes. Synergy or partial synergy was noted in 5/36 and 22/36, respectively, of the isolates with the combination of anidulafungin plus voriconazole, and 11/36 and 19/36 isolates, respectively, for the combination of anidulafungin plus isavuconazole. Multilocus sequence type (MLST) analysis of the 15 SENTRY isolates demonstrated that the isolates from the US were genetically related to, but different from, isolates from Latin America (Panama and Colombia) and Germany. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis showed that the 15 SENTRY isolates belonged to the described international clades and had associated Erg11 alterations, including 11 isolates displaying K143R, one displaying F126L, and one displaying Y501H alterations and a fluconazole MIC result of ≥64 mg/liter. Resistance mechanisms were not observed in the two isolates displaying fluconazole MIC values at 4 and 16 mg/liter. Isavuconazole displayed activity and greater synergy when tested with anidulafungin than seen with anidulafungin plus voriconazole against the C. auris clinical isolates that displayed resistance phenotypes.
Collapse
|
58
|
Khalifa HO, Majima H, Watanabe A, Kamei K. In Vitro Characterization of Twenty-One Antifungal Combinations against Echinocandin-Resistant and -Susceptible Candida glabrata. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7020108. [PMID: 33540778 PMCID: PMC7912999 DOI: 10.3390/jof7020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to analyze the interaction of 21 antifungal combinations consisting of seven major antifungal agents against 11 echinocandin- susceptible and six-resistant C. glabrata isolates. The combinations were divided into five major groups and were evaluated by checkerboard, disc diffusion, and time-killing assays. Synergy based on the fractional inhibitory concentration index of ≤0.50 was observed in 17.65-29.41% of the cases for caspofungin combinations with azoles or amphotericin B. Amphotericin B combination with azoles induced synergistic interaction in a range of 11.76-29.41%. Azole combinations and 5-flucytosine combinations with azoles or amphotericin B did not show synergistic interactions. None of the 21 combinations showed antagonistic interactions. Interestingly, 90% of the detected synergism was among the echinocandin-resistant isolates. Disk diffusion assays showed that the inhibition zones produced by antifungal combinations were equal to or greater than those produced by single drugs. The time-killing assay showed the synergistic action of caspofungin combination with fluconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole, and the amphotericin B-5-flucytosine combination. Furthermore, for the first time, this assay confirmed the fungicidal activity of caspofungin-voriconazole and amphotericin B-5-flucytosine combinations. The combination interactions ranged from synergism to indifference and, most importantly, no antagonism was reported and most of the synergistic action was among echinocandin-resistant isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazim O. Khalifa
- Division of Clinical Research, Medical Mycology Research Centre, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan; (H.O.K.); (H.M.); (K.K.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Hidetaka Majima
- Division of Clinical Research, Medical Mycology Research Centre, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan; (H.O.K.); (H.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Division of Clinical Research, Medical Mycology Research Centre, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan; (H.O.K.); (H.M.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +043-222-7171
| | - Katsuhiko Kamei
- Division of Clinical Research, Medical Mycology Research Centre, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan; (H.O.K.); (H.M.); (K.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Davis MR, Donnelley MA, Thompson GR. Ibrexafungerp: A novel oral glucan synthase inhibitor. Med Mycol 2021; 58:579-592. [PMID: 31342066 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ibrexafungerp is a novel glucan synthase inhibitor currently undergoing phase II and phase III clinical trials. This compound has demonstrated in vitro activity against clinically important fungal pathogens including Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. It is able to retain activity against many echinocandin-resistant strains of Candida due to differential avidity for the target site compared to echinocandins. In vivo animal models have demonstrated efficacy in murine models of invasive candidiasis, aspergillosis, and pneumocystis. Due to high bioavailability, it can be administered both orally and intravenously. A favorable drug interaction and tolerability profile is observed with this compound. This review summarizes existing data that have either been published or presented at international symposia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Davis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of California, Davis Health, 2315 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, California, USA
| | - M A Donnelley
- Department of Pharmacy, University of California, Davis Health, 2315 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, California, USA
| | - G R Thompson
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, 1275 Med Science Dr., Davis, California, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis Health, 4150 V Street, Suite G500, Sacramento, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
SOBRINHO ACN, FONTENELLE RODS, SOUZA EBD, MORAIS SMD. Antifungal and antioxidant effect of the lachnophyllum ester, isolated from the essential oil of Baccharis trinervis (Lam.) Pers., against dermatophytes fungi. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE E PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-99402122542021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Dermatophytes are hyaline fungi that parasitize the keratinized tissue of humans and animals causing mycotic infections. Natural products are promising molecules for the development of new antifungal drugs, due to the phenomenon of resistance and toxicity. This study reports the isolation and identification of lachnophyllum ester and evaluates its antioxidant, antifungal and modulatory activities against dermatophytes fungi. Lachnophyllum ester was obtained using a silica gel column chromatography of the essential oil from the aerial parts of Baccharis trinervis and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial activity was determined by the broth microdilution method. The modulatory activity assays were performed by the checkerboard technique using lachnophyllum ester and ketoconazole as standard. The lachnophyllum ester exhibited good antioxidant activity as measured by a β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching system, with 71.43% ± 0.01% inhibition rate. In addition, it showed antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum canis strains. In the modulatory assay, interaction between lachnophyllum ester and ketoconazole was synergistic, reducing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the antifungal drug and modulating its antifungal action against dermatophyte strains. In conclusion, lachnophyllum ester has been shown to act as a natural antioxidant compound, as well as an antimicrobial alternative against dermatophyte fungi of the genus Trichophyton and Microsporum.
Collapse
|
61
|
Vallières C, Singh N, Alexander C, Avery SV. Repurposing Nonantifungal Approved Drugs for Synergistic Targeting of Fungal Pathogens. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2950-2958. [PMID: 33141557 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
With the spread of drug resistance, new antimicrobials are urgently needed. Here, we set out to tackle this problem by high-throughput exploration for novel antifungal synergies among combinations of approved, nonantifungal drugs; a novel strategy exploiting the potential of alternative targets, low chemicals usage and low development risk. We screened the fungal pathogen Candida albicans by combining a small panel of nonantifungal drugs (all in current use for other clinical applications) with 1280 compounds from an approved drug library. Screens at sublethal concentrations of the antibiotic paromomycin (PM), the antimalarial primaquine (PQ), or the anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen (IF) revealed a total of 17 potential strong, synergistic interactions with the library compounds. Susceptibility testing with the most promising combinations corroborated marked synergies [fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices ≤0.5] between PM + β-escin, PQ + celecoxib, and IF + pentamidine, reducing the MICs of PM, PQ, and IF in C. albicans by >64-, 16-, and 8-fold, respectively. Paromomycin + β-escin and PQ + celecoxib were effective also against C. albicans biofilms, azole-resistant clinical isolates, and other fungal pathogens. Actions were specific, as no synergistic effect was observed in mammalian cells. Mode of action was investigated for one of the combinations, revealing that PM + β-escin synergistically increase the error-rate of mRNA translation and suggesting a different molecular target to current antifungals. The study unveils the potential of the described combinatorial strategy in enabling acceleration of drug-repurposing discovery for combatting fungal pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Vallières
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Nishant Singh
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Cameron Alexander
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Simon V. Avery
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Somboon P, Soontorngun N. An actin depolymerizing agent 19,20-epoxycytochalasin Q of Xylaria sp. BCC 1067 enhanced antifungal action of azole drugs through ROS-mediated cell death in yeast. Microbiol Res 2020; 243:126646. [PMID: 33227681 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is a highly conserved phenomenon among all living organisms and a major veritable public health problem worldwide. Repetitive uses of antibiotics lead to antimicrobial drug resistance. Here, 19,20-epoxycytochalasin Q (ECQ) was isolated from endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. BCC 1067 and, its chemical structure was determined via chromatographic and spectral methods. ECQ displayed an antifungal activity with low MIC50 of 410 and 55 mg/l in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae wild-type and ScΔpdr5 strains, respectively. ECQ was a new inducer and potential substrate of key multi-drug efflux pumps S. cerevisiae ScPdr5 and Candida albicans CaCdr1. ECQ targeted actin filament, disrupting actin dynamics of yeast cells. ECQ also sensitized the ScΔsrv2 mutant, lacking suppressor of RasVal19. Overexpression of ScPDR5 or CaCDR1 genes prevented aggregation of actin and alleviated antifungal effect of ECQ. Additionally, ECQ induced high accumulation of reactive oxygen species, caused plasma membrane leakage and decreased yeast cell survival. Importantly, a discovery of ECQ implied a cellular connection between multi-drug resistance and actin stability, an important determinant of transporter mediated-drug resistance mechanism. Combination of ECQ and antifungal azoles displayed promising drug synergy against S. cerevisiae strains expressing multi-drug transporters, thereby providing potential solution for antifungal therapy and chemotherapeutic application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pichayada Somboon
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nitnipa Soontorngun
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Rossato L, Venturini TP, de Azevedo MI, Santurio JM, Alves SH. In vitro activity of immunosuppressive agents against Cryptococcus neoformans. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2020; 40:S0213-005X(20)30308-6. [PMID: 33160707 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infections caused by Cryptococcus neoformans are a major cause of fungal mortality in HIV-infected/AIDS patients and in those receiving organ transplants. We evaluated the in vitro activity of tacrolimus and cyclosporine in combination with amphotericin B and fluconazole against C. neoformans. METHODS MICs were determined against a total of 30 clinical isolates of C. neoformans by the microdilution method following the CLSI M27-A3 guidelines and by the checkerboard method. RESULTS Tacrolimus and cyclosporine A showed in vitro activity against cryptococcal isolates. The combination of amphotericin B with cyclosporine A or tacrolimus was synergistic against 90% and 30% of isolates, respectively. Synergism was also observed with the combination of fluconazole with cyclosporine A or tacrolimus, against 70% and 20% of isolates, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The synergistic interactions between the calcineurin inhibitors and antifungal drugs against C. neoformans isolates, could potentially have a role in devising novel therapeutic strategies for this opportunistic mycosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luana Rossato
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Tarcieli P Venturini
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel de Azevedo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Janio M Santurio
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sydney H Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Andrade G, Orlando HCS, Scorzoni L, Pedroso RS, Abrão F, Carvalho MTM, Veneziani RCS, Ambrósio SR, Bastos JK, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Martins CHG, Pires RH. Brazilian Copaifera Species: Antifungal Activity against Clinically Relevant Candida Species, Cellular Target, and In Vivo Toxicity. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6030153. [PMID: 32872100 PMCID: PMC7560146 DOI: 10.3390/jof6030153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants belonging to the genus Copaifera are widely used in Brazil due to their antimicrobial properties, among others. The re-emergence of classic fungal diseases as a consequence of antifungal resistance to available drugs has stimulated the search for plant-based compounds with antifungal activity, especially against Candida. The Candida-infected Caenorhabditis elegans model was used to evaluate the in vitro antifungal potential of Copaifera leaf extracts and trunk oleoresins against Candida species. The Copaifera leaf extracts exhibited good antifungal activity against all Candida species, with MIC values ranging from 5.86 to 93.75 µg/mL. Both the Copaifera paupera and Copaifera reticulata leaf extracts at 46.87 µg/mL inhibited Candida glabrata biofilm formation and showed no toxicity to C. elegans. The survival of C. glabrata-infected nematodes increased at all the tested extract concentrations. Exposure to Copaifera leaf extracts markedly increased C. glabrata cell vacuolization and cell membrane damage. Therefore, Copaifera leaf extracts are potential candidates for the development of new and safe antifungal agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Géssica Andrade
- University of Franca, Franca 14404-600, Brazil; (G.A.); (H.C.S.O.); (R.S.P.); (F.A.); (M.T.M.C.); (R.C.S.V.); (S.R.A.)
| | - Haniel Chadwick Silva Orlando
- University of Franca, Franca 14404-600, Brazil; (G.A.); (H.C.S.O.); (R.S.P.); (F.A.); (M.T.M.C.); (R.C.S.V.); (S.R.A.)
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-902, Brazil; (L.S.); (M.J.S.M.-G.)
- Science and Technology Institute of São José dos Campos (ICT), São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Santos Pedroso
- University of Franca, Franca 14404-600, Brazil; (G.A.); (H.C.S.O.); (R.S.P.); (F.A.); (M.T.M.C.); (R.C.S.V.); (S.R.A.)
- Health Technical School (ESTES), Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-732, Brazil
| | - Fariza Abrão
- University of Franca, Franca 14404-600, Brazil; (G.A.); (H.C.S.O.); (R.S.P.); (F.A.); (M.T.M.C.); (R.C.S.V.); (S.R.A.)
| | - Marco Túlio Menezes Carvalho
- University of Franca, Franca 14404-600, Brazil; (G.A.); (H.C.S.O.); (R.S.P.); (F.A.); (M.T.M.C.); (R.C.S.V.); (S.R.A.)
| | - Rodrigo Cassio Sola Veneziani
- University of Franca, Franca 14404-600, Brazil; (G.A.); (H.C.S.O.); (R.S.P.); (F.A.); (M.T.M.C.); (R.C.S.V.); (S.R.A.)
| | - Sérgio Ricardo Ambrósio
- University of Franca, Franca 14404-600, Brazil; (G.A.); (H.C.S.O.); (R.S.P.); (F.A.); (M.T.M.C.); (R.C.S.V.); (S.R.A.)
| | - Jairo Kenupp Bastos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil;
| | | | - Carlos Henrique Gomes Martins
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, Brazil
- Correspondence: (C.H.G.M.); (R.H.P.); Tel.: +55-(34)-3225-8670 (C.H.G.M.); +55-(16)-3711-8945 (R.H.P.)
| | - Regina Helena Pires
- University of Franca, Franca 14404-600, Brazil; (G.A.); (H.C.S.O.); (R.S.P.); (F.A.); (M.T.M.C.); (R.C.S.V.); (S.R.A.)
- Correspondence: (C.H.G.M.); (R.H.P.); Tel.: +55-(34)-3225-8670 (C.H.G.M.); +55-(16)-3711-8945 (R.H.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Brilhante RSN, Costa ADC, Pereira VS, Fernandes MR, de Oliveira JS, Rodrigues AM, Camargo ZP, Pereira-Neto WDA, Sidrim JJC, Rocha MFG. Antifungal activity of deferiprone and EDTA against Sporothrix spp.: Effect on planktonic growth and biofilm formation. Med Mycol 2020; 59:myaa073. [PMID: 32838409 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the antifungal activity of the chelators deferiprone (DFP) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and their effect on biofilm formation of the S. schenckii complex. Eighteen strains of Sporothrix spp. (seven S. brasiliensis, three S. globosa, three S. mexicana and five Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto) were used. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for EDTA and DFP against filamentous forms of Sporothrix spp. ranged from 32 to 128 μg/ml. For antifungal drugs, MIC values ranged from 0.25 to 4 μg/ml for amphotericin B, from 0.25 to 4 μg/ml for itraconazole, and from 0.03 to 0.25 μg/ml for terbinafine. The chelators caused inhibition of Sporothrix spp. in yeast form at concentrations ranging from 16 to 64 μg/ml (for EDTA) and 8 to 32 μg/ml (for DFP). For antifungal drugs, MIC values observed against the yeast varied from 0.03 to 0.5 μg/ml for AMB, 0.03 to 1 μg/ml for ITC, and 0.03 to 0.13 μg/ml for TRB. Both DFP and EDTA presented synergistic interaction with antifungals against Sporothrix spp. in both filamentous and yeast form. Biofilms formed in the presence of the chelators (512 μg/ml) showed a reduction of 47% in biomass and 45% in metabolic activity. Our data reveal that DFP and EDTA reduced the growth of planktonic cells of Sporothrix spp., had synergistic interaction with antifungal drugs against this pathogen, and reduced biofilm formation of Sporothrix spp. LAY SUMMARY Our data reveal that iron chelators deferiprone and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid reduced the growth of planktonic cells of Sporothrix spp. as well as had synergistic interaction with antifungal drugs against this pathogen and reduced biofilm formation of Sporothrix spp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Anderson da Cunha Costa
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Vandbergue Santos Pereira
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Mirele Rodrigues Fernandes
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jonathas Sales de Oliveira
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Anderson Messias Rodrigues
- Cellular Biology Division, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo. Rua Botucatu, 862, 6th floor, Medical Sciences Building, CEP: 04023-062, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zoilo Pires Camargo
- Cellular Biology Division, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo. Rua Botucatu, 862, 6th floor, Medical Sciences Building, CEP: 04023-062, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Waldemiro de Aquino Pereira-Neto
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará. Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, Campus do Itaperi, CEP: 60714-903, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Nematollahi S, Dioverti-Prono V. Cryptococcal infection in haematologic malignancies and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Mycoses 2020; 63:1033-1046. [PMID: 32740974 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review summarises both the recent and relevant studies about cryptococcal infections in haematologic malignancies and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Although uncommon in this patient population, this infection carries a high mortality, especially if left untreated. Given the limited data, we draw some conclusions with respect to management from the solid organ transplantation and HIV-infected literature. Herein, we discuss cryptococcosis with a particular attention to its background, epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and prevention in this group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saman Nematollahi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Veronica Dioverti-Prono
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Liu W, Yuan L, Wang S. Recent Progress in the Discovery of Antifungal Agents Targeting the Cell Wall. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12429-12459. [PMID: 32692166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to the limit of available treatments and the emergence of drug resistance in the clinic, invasive fungal infections are an intractable problem with high morbidity and mortality. The cell wall, as a fungi-specific structure, is an appealing target for the discovery and development of novel and low-toxic antifungal agents. In an attempt to accelerate the discovery of novel cell wall targeted drugs, this Perspective will provide a comprehensive review of the progress made to date on the development of fungal cell wall inhibitors. Specifically, this review will focus on the targets, discovery process, chemical structures, antifungal activities, and structure-activity relationships. Although two types of cell wall antifungal agents are clinically available or in clinical trials, it is still a long way for the other cell wall targeted inhibitors to be translated into clinical applications. Future efforts should be focused on the identification of inhibitors against novel conserved cell wall targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xuefu Middle Road, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xuefu Middle Road, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengzheng Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Francisconi RS, Maquera-Huacho PM, Tonon CC, Calixto GMF, de Cássia Orlandi Sardi J, Chorilli M, Spolidorio DMP. Terpinen-4-ol and nystatin co-loaded precursor of liquid crystalline system for topical treatment of oral candidiasis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12984. [PMID: 32737401 PMCID: PMC7395782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70085-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to develop a liquid crystalline system (LCS) incorporated with terpinen-4-ol and nystatin to evaluate its antifungal, antibiofilm, and synergistic/modulatory activity against Candida albicans. The LCS was composed of a dispersion containing 40% propoxylated and ethoxylated cetyl alcohol, 40% oleic acid, and 0.5% chitosan dispersion. According to analysis by polarized light microscopy, rheology, and mucoadhesion studies, the incorporation of 100% artificial saliva increased the pseudoplasticity, consistency index, viscosity, and mucoadhesion of the formulation. The minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum fungicidal concentration, and rate of biofilm development were used to evaluate antifungal activity; the LCS containing terpinen-4-ol and nystatin effectively inhibited C. albicans growth at a lower concentration, displaying a synergistic action. Therefore, LCS incorporated with terpinen-4-ol and nystatin is a promising alternative for preventing and treating infections and shows potential for the development of therapeutic strategies against candidiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Serignoli Francisconi
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry of Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Milagros Maquera-Huacho
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry of Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Coradi Tonon
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry of Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical of Araraquara, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
69
|
de Chaves MA, Ferreira do Amaral T, Monteiro da Silva Rodrigues Coutinho N, Fernanda Andrzejewski Kaminski T, Teixeira ML, Flavio Souza de Oliveira L, de Andrade SF, Fuentefria AM. Synergistic association of clioquinol with antifungal drugs against biofilm forms of clinical Fusarium isolates. Mycoses 2020; 63:1069-1082. [PMID: 32662568 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of biofilm on the complexity of fungal diseases has been reported in recent years, especially in non-invasive mycoses such as keratitis and onychomycosis. The difficulty in treating cases of fusariosis in the human medical clinic exemplifies this situation, because when Fusarium spp. are present in the form of biofilm, the permeation of antifungal agents is compromised. OBJECTIVES This study proposes an association of clioquinol, an inhibitor of fungal cells with antifungal drugs prescribed to combat fusariosis in humans. METHODS Susceptibility was assessed by microdilution in broth. Formation of biofilm by staining with violet crystal. Inhibition and removal of biofilm using the MTT colorimetric reagent. Time-kill combination, hypoallergenicity test, cytotoxicity test and toxicity prediction by computer analysis were also performed. RESULTS Clioquinol associated with voriconazole and ciclopirox inhibited biofilm formation. Possibly, clioquinol acts in the germination and elongation of hyphae, while voriconazole prevents cell adhesion and ciclopirox the formation of the extracellular polymeric matrix. The CLIO-VRC association reduced the biofilm formation by more than 90%, while the CLIO-CPX association prevented over 95%. None of the association was irritating, and over 90% of the leucocytes remained viable. Computational analysis does not reveal toxicity relevant to CLIO, whereas VRC and CPX showed some risks for systemic use, but suitable for topical formulations. CONCLUSIONS The combination of CLIO-VRC or CLIO-CPX proved to be a promising association strategy in the medical clinic, both in combating fungal keratitis and onychomycosis, since they prevent the initial process of establishing an infection, the formation of biofilm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magda Antunes de Chaves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mário Lettieri Teixeira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Toxicologia, Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Concórdia, Brazil
| | | | - Saulo Fernandes de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Meneghello Fuentefria
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Thakre A, Jadhav V, Kazi R, Shelar A, Patil R, Kharat K, Zore G, Karuppayil SM. Oxidative stress induced by piperine leads to apoptosis in Candida albicans. Med Mycol 2020; 59:366-378. [PMID: 32658959 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a member of pathogens with potential drug resistance threat that needs novel chemotherapeutic strategies. Considering the multifarious biological activities including bioenhancer activity, anti-Candida potential of piperine was evaluated against planktonic/biofilm and hyphal growth of C. albicans alone or in combination as a synergistic agent with fluconazole. Piperine inhibits planktonic growth at or less than 15 μg/ml, hyphae induction at 5 μg/ml concentration, and exhibits stage-dependent activity against biofilm growth of a fluconazole-resistant strain of C. albicans (ATCC10231). Though piperine couldn't kill inoculum completely at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), it is fungicidal at higher concentrations, as shown in apoptosis assay. FIC index values indicate that piperine exhibits excellent synergistic activity with fluconazole against planktonic (0.123) and biofilm (0.215) growth of an FLC resistant strain. Mode of anti-Candida activity was studied by identifying piperine responsive proteins wherein the abundance of 25 proteins involved in stress response, signal transduction and cell cycle were modulated (22 up and 3 down-regulated) significantly in response to piperine (MIC50). Modulation of the proteins involved suggests that piperine affects membrane integrity leading to oxidative stress followed by cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in C. albicans. Flow cytometry-based mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cell cycle and apoptosis assay, as well as real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of selected genes, confirms piperine induced oxidative stress (TRR1), cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (CaMCA1). Based on our results, we conclude that piperine inhibits planktonic and difficult-to treat-biofilm growth of C. albicans by affecting membrane integrity thereby inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. LAY ABSTRACT Piperine inhibit Candida albicans growth (planktonic and biofilm) significantly in our study. Piperine exhibits excellent synergistic potential with fluconazole The proteome analysis suggests that piperine induced membrane damage leads to oxidative stress followed by cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Archana Thakre
- School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded - 431606 (MS) India
| | - Vyankatesh Jadhav
- School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded - 431606 (MS) India
| | - Rubina Kazi
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-NCL, Pune, Pune-8 (MS) India
| | - Amruta Shelar
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune-7, (MS) India
| | - Rajendra Patil
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune-7, (MS) India
| | - Kiran Kharat
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Deogiri College, Aurangabad (MS) India
| | - Gajanan Zore
- School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded - 431606 (MS) India
| | - S Mohan Karuppayil
- School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded - 431606 (MS) India
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Costa B, Pippi B, Andrzejewski Kaminski TF, Andrade SF, Fuentefria AM. In vitro antidermatophytic synergism of double and triple combination of clioquinol with ciclopirox and terbinafine. Mycoses 2020; 63:993-1001. [DOI: 10.1111/myc.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Costa
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do AmbienteUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Bruna Pippi
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil
| | | | - Saulo F. Andrade
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do AmbienteUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Alexandre M. Fuentefria
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do AmbienteUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Bongomin F, Asio LG, Olum R, Denning DW. Intravenous therapy for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Mycoses 2020; 63:921-927. [DOI: 10.1111/myc.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bongomin
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology Faculty of Medicine Gulu University Gulu Uganda
| | - Lucy Grace Asio
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology Faculty of Medicine Gulu University Gulu Uganda
| | - Ronald Olum
- School of Medicine College of Health Sciences Makerere University Kampala Uganda
| | - David W. Denning
- The National Aspergillosis Centre Wythenshawe Hospital Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine School of Biological Sciences Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Antifungal Agent 4-AN Changes the Genome-Wide Expression Profile, Downregulates Virulence-Associated Genes and Induces Necrosis in Candida albicans Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122928. [PMID: 32630522 PMCID: PMC7356344 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the light of the increasing occurrence of antifungal resistance, there is an urgent need to search for new therapeutic strategies to overcome this phenomenon. One of the applied approaches is the synthesis of small-molecule compounds showing antifungal properties. Here we present a continuation of the research on the recently discovered anti-Candida albicans agent 4-AN. Using next generation sequencing and transcriptional analysis, we revealed that the treatment of C. albicans with 4-AN can change the expression profile of a large number of genes. The highest upregulation was observed in the case of genes involved in cell stress, while the highest downregulation was shown for genes coding sugar transporters. Real-time PCR analysis revealed 4-AN mediated reduction of the relative expression of genes engaged in fungal virulence (ALS1, ALS3, BCR1, CPH1, ECE1, EFG1, HWP1, HYR1 and SAP1). The determination of the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) showed that the combination of 4-AN with amphotericin B is synergistic. Finally, flow cytometry analysis revealed that the compound induces mainly necrosis in C. albicans cells.
Collapse
|
74
|
Brilhante RS, Pereira VS, Oliveira JS, Rodrigues AM, de Camargo ZP, Pereira-Neto WA, Nascimento NR, Castelo-Branco DS, Cordeiro RA, Sidrim JJ, Rocha MF. Terpinen-4-ol inhibits the growth of Sporothrix schenckii complex and exhibits synergism with antifungal agents. Future Microbiol 2020; 14:1221-1233. [PMID: 31625442 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study investigated the effect of terpinen-4-ol against Sporothrix schenckii complex and its interactions with antifungals. Materials & methods: The antifungal activity of terpinen-4-ol was evaluated by broth microdilution. The potential effect on cellular ergosterol concentration was evaluated by spectrophotometry. The antibiofilm activity was evaluated by violet crystal staining and XTT reduction assay. The potential pharmacological interactions with antifungals were evaluated by the checkerboard assay. Results: terpinen-4-ol (T-OH) showed minimal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 4 to 32 mg/l decreasing cellular ergosterol content and presented a SMIC ranging from 64 to 1024 mg/l for Sporothrix spp. The combinations of T-OH with itraconazole or terbinafine were synergistic. Conclusion: T-OH has antifungal activity against Sporothrix spp. and acts synergistically with standard antifungals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raimunda Sn Brilhante
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Vandbergue S Pereira
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jonathas S Oliveira
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Anderson M Rodrigues
- Cellular Biology Division, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, 6th floor, Medical Sciences Building, CEP: 04023-062, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zoilo P de Camargo
- Cellular Biology Division, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, 6th floor, Medical Sciences Building, CEP: 04023-062, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Waldemiro A Pereira-Neto
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Nilberto Rf Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary, State University of Ceará. Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, Campus do Itaperi, CEP: 60714-903, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Débora Scm Castelo-Branco
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rossana A Cordeiro
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Jc Sidrim
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fg Rocha
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary, State University of Ceará. Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, Campus do Itaperi, CEP: 60714-903, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Wambaugh MA, Denham ST, Ayala M, Brammer B, Stonhill MA, Brown JC. Synergistic and antagonistic drug interactions in the treatment of systemic fungal infections. eLife 2020; 9:54160. [PMID: 32367801 PMCID: PMC7200157 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections cause 1.6 million deaths annually, primarily in immunocompromised individuals. Mortality rates are as high as 90% due to limited treatments. The azole class antifungal, fluconazole, is widely available and has multi-species activity but only inhibits growth instead of killing fungal cells, necessitating long treatments. To improve treatment, we used our novel high-throughput method, the overlap2 method (O2M) to identify drugs that interact with fluconazole, either increasing or decreasing efficacy. We identified 40 molecules that act synergistically (amplify activity) and 19 molecules that act antagonistically (decrease efficacy) when combined with fluconazole. We found that critical frontline beta-lactam antibiotics antagonize fluconazole activity. A promising fluconazole-synergizing anticholinergic drug, dicyclomine, increases fungal cell permeability and inhibits nutrient intake when combined with fluconazole. In vivo, this combination doubled the time-to-endpoint of mice with Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis. Thus, our ability to rapidly identify synergistic and antagonistic drug interactions can potentially alter the patient outcomes. Individuals with weakened immune systems – such as recipients of organ transplants – can fall prey to illnesses caused by fungi that are harmless to most people. These infections are difficult to manage because few treatments exist to fight fungi, and many have severe side effects. Antifungal drugs usually slow the growth of fungi cells rather than kill them, which means that patients must remain under treatment for a long time, or even for life. One way to boost efficiency and combat resistant infections is to combine antifungal treatments with drugs that work in complementary ways: the drugs strengthen each other’s actions, and together they can potentially kill the fungus rather than slow its progression. However, not all drug combinations are helpful. In fact, certain drugs may interact in ways that make treatment less effective. This is particularly concerning because people with weakened immune systems often take many types of medications. Here, Wambaugh et al. harnessed a new high-throughput system to screen how 2,000 drugs (many of which already approved to treat other conditions) affected the efficiency of a common antifungal called fluconazole. This highlighted 19 drugs that made fluconazole less effective, some being antibiotics routinely used to treat patients with weakened immune systems. On the other hand, 40 drugs boosted the efficiency of fluconazole, including dicyclomine, a compound currently used to treat inflammatory bowel syndrome. In fact, pairing dicyclomine and fluconazole more than doubled the survival rate of mice with severe fungal infections. The combined treatment could target many species of harmful fungi, even those that had become resistant to fluconazole alone. The results by Wambaugh et al. point towards better treatments for individuals with serious fungal infections. Drugs already in circulation for other conditions could be used to boost the efficiency of fluconazole, while antibiotics that do not decrease the efficiency of this medication should be selected to treat at-risk patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A Wambaugh
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Pathology Department, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Steven T Denham
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Pathology Department, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Magali Ayala
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Pathology Department, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Brianna Brammer
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Pathology Department, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Miekan A Stonhill
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Pathology Department, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Jessica Cs Brown
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Pathology Department, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Lira MHPD, Andrade Júnior FPD, Moraes GFQ, Macena GDS, Pereira FDO, Lima IO. Antimicrobial activity of geraniol: an integrative review. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2020.1745697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Helena Pereira de Lira
- Natural Sciences and Biotechnology, Education and Health Center (Ces), Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Cuité, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Igara Oliveira Lima
- Health Academic Unit and of Post-Graduation in Natural Sciences and Biotechnology, CES/UFCG, Cuité, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Touil HFZ, Boucherit K, Boucherit-Otmani Z, Kohder G, Madkour M, Soliman SSM. Optimum Inhibition of Amphotericin-B-Resistant Candida albicans Strain in Single- and Mixed-Species Biofilms by Candida and Non- Candida Terpenoids. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020342. [PMID: 32098224 PMCID: PMC7072433 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is one of the most common human fungal pathogens and represents the most important cause of opportunistic mycoses worldwide. Surgical devices including catheters are easily contaminated with C. albicans via its formation of drug-resistant biofilms. In this study, amphotericin-B-resistant C. albicans strains were isolated from surgical devices at an intensive care center. The objective of this study was to develop optimized effective inhibitory treatment of resistant C. albicans by terpenoids, known to be produced naturally as protective signals. Endogenously produced farnesol by C. albicans yeast and plant terpenoids, carvacrol, and cuminaldehyde were tested separately or in combination on amphotericin-B-resistant C. albicans in either single- or mixed-infections. The results showed that farnesol did not inhibit hyphae formation when associated with bacteria. Carvacrol and cuminaldehyde showed variable inhibitory effects on C. albicans yeast compared to hyphae formation. A combination of farnesol with carvacrol showed synergistic inhibitory activities not only on C. albicans yeast and hyphae, but also on biofilms formed from single- and mixed-species and at reduced doses. The combined terpenoids also showed biofilm-penetration capability. The aforementioned terpenoid combination will not only be useful in the treatment of different resistant Candida forms, but also in the safe prevention of biofilm formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidaya F. Z. Touil
- Laboratory Antibiotics Antifungals: Physico-Chemical, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LapSab), Tlemcen University, Tlemcen B.P 119, Algeria; (H.F.Z.T.); (K.B.); (Z.B.-O.)
| | - Kebir Boucherit
- Laboratory Antibiotics Antifungals: Physico-Chemical, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LapSab), Tlemcen University, Tlemcen B.P 119, Algeria; (H.F.Z.T.); (K.B.); (Z.B.-O.)
- University Center Belhadj Bouchaïb, Aïn Temouchent BP 284, Algeria
| | - Zahia Boucherit-Otmani
- Laboratory Antibiotics Antifungals: Physico-Chemical, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LapSab), Tlemcen University, Tlemcen B.P 119, Algeria; (H.F.Z.T.); (K.B.); (Z.B.-O.)
| | - Ghalia Kohder
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah PO. Box 27272, UAE; (G.K.); (M.M.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah PO. Box 27272, UAE
| | - Mohamed Madkour
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah PO. Box 27272, UAE; (G.K.); (M.M.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Collage of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah PO. Box 27272, UAE
| | - Sameh S. M. Soliman
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah PO. Box 27272, UAE; (G.K.); (M.M.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah PO. Box 27272, UAE
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Zagazig, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-6505-7472
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Reginatto P, Bergamo VZ, Berlitz SJ, Guerreiro ICK, de Andrade SF, Fuentefria AM. Rational selection of antifungal drugs to propose a new formulation strategy to control Candida biofilm formation on venous catheters. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1037-1049. [PMID: 32077074 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infections associated with medical devices are often related to colonization by Candida spp. biofilm; in this way, numerous strategies have been developed and studied, mainly in order to prevent this type of fungal growth. AIM Considering the above, the main objective of the present study is to make a rational choice of the best antifungal therapy for the in vitro treatment of the biofilm on venous catheters, proposing an innovative formulation of a film-forming system to coat the surface in order to prevent the formation of biofilms. METHODOLOGY Anidulafungin, fluconazole, voriconazole, ketoconazole, amphotericin B, and the association of anidulafungin and amphotericin B were tested against biofilms of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis strains in microtiter plates and in a polyurethane catheter. Besides, anidulafungin, amphotericin B, and the combination of both were incorporated in a film-forming system and were evaluated against biofilm. RESULTS The superior activity of anidulafungin was demonstrated in relation to the other antifungal agents. Although amphotericin B showed good activity, high concentrations were required. The combination showed a synergistic action, in solution and in the formulation, showing excellent results, with activity above 90%. CONCLUSION Due to the superiority of anidulafungin and the synergistic activity of the combination, these alternatives were the most promising options for use in a formulation proposal as a new strategy to combat the Candida spp. biofilm. These formulations demonstrated high in vitro performance in the prevention of biofilms, indicating that they are candidates with great potential for in vivo tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Reginatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Micologia Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Zafanelli Bergamo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Simone Jacobus Berlitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Irene Clemes Kulkamp Guerreiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Produção de Matéria-Prima, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Saulo Fernandes de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Produção de Matéria-Prima, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Meneghello Fuentefria
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
The insect antimicrobial peptide cecropin A disrupts uropathogenic Escherichia coli biofilms. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2020; 6:6. [PMID: 32051417 PMCID: PMC7016129 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-020-0116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current antibiotics cannot eradicate uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) biofilms, leading to recurrent urinary tract infections. Here, we show that the insect antimicrobial peptide cecropin A (CecA) can destroy planktonic and sessile biofilm-forming UPEC cells, either alone or when combined with the antibiotic nalidixic acid (NAL), synergistically clearing infection in vivo without off-target cytotoxicity. The multi-target mechanism of action involves outer membrane permeabilization followed by biofilm disruption triggered by the inhibition of efflux pump activity and interactions with extracellular and intracellular nucleic acids. These diverse targets ensure that resistance to the CecA + NAL combination emerges slowly. The antimicrobial mechanisms of CecA, thus, extend beyond pore-forming activity to include an unanticipated biofilm-eradication process, offering an alternative approach to combat antibiotic-resistant UPEC infections.
Collapse
|
80
|
Park HS, Lee SC, Cardenas ME, Heitman J. Calcium-Calmodulin-Calcineurin Signaling: A Globally Conserved Virulence Cascade in Eukaryotic Microbial Pathogens. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 26:453-462. [PMID: 31600499 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Calcium is an abundant intracellular ion, and calcium homeostasis plays crucial roles in several cellular processes. The calcineurin signaling cascade is one of the major pathways governed by intracellular calcium. Calcineurin, a conserved protein from yeast to humans, is a calcium-calmodulin-dependent serine-threonine-specific phosphatase that orchestrates cellular stress responses. In eukaryotic microbial pathogens, calcineurin controls essential virulence pathways, such as the ability to grow at host temperature, morphogenesis to enable invasive hyphal growth, drug tolerance and resistance, cell wall integrity, and sexual development. Therefore, the calcineurin cascade is an attractive target in drug development against eukaryotic pathogens. In the present review, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge on the roles of calcineurin in eukaryotic microbial pathogens, focusing on fungi and parasitic protists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Soo Park
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Chan Lee
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (STCEID), Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Maria E Cardenas
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joseph Heitman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
|
82
|
Hirsch R, Wiesner J, Marker A, Pfeifer Y, Bauer A, Hammann PE, Vilcinskas A. Profiling antimicrobial peptides from the medical maggot Lucilia sericata as potential antibiotics for MDR Gram-negative bacteria. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:96-107. [PMID: 30272195 PMCID: PMC6322280 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ability of MDR Gram-negative bacteria to evade even antibiotics of last resort is a severe global challenge. The development pipeline for conventional antibiotics cannot address this issue, but antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) offer an alternative solution. Objectives Two insect-derived AMPs (LS-sarcotoxin and LS-stomoxyn) were profiled to assess their suitability for systemic application in humans. Methods The peptides were tested against an extended panel of 114 clinical MDR Gram-negative bacterial isolates followed by time–kill analysis, interaction studies and assays to determine the likelihood of emerging resistance. In further in vitro studies we addressed cytotoxicity, cardiotoxicity and off-target interactions. In addition, an in vivo tolerability and pharmacokinetic study in mice was performed. Results LS-sarcotoxin and LS-stomoxyn showed potent and selective activity against Gram-negative bacteria and no cross-resistance with carbapenems, fluoroquinolones or aminoglycosides. Peptide concentrations of 4 or 8 mg/L inhibited 90% of the clinical MDR isolates of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Salmonella enterica isolates tested. The ‘all-d’ homologues of the peptides displayed markedly reduced activity, indicating a chiral target. Pharmacological profiling revealed a good in vitro therapeutic index, no cytotoxicity or cardiotoxicity, an inconspicuous broad-panel off-target profile, and no acute toxicity in mice at 10 mg/kg. In mouse pharmacokinetic experiments LS-sarcotoxin and LS-stomoxyn plasma levels above the lower limit of quantification (1 and 0.25 mg/mL, respectively) were detected after 5 and 15 min, respectively. Conclusions LS-sarcotoxin and LS-stomoxyn are suitable as lead candidates for the development of novel antibiotics; however, their pharmacokinetic properties need to be improved for systemic administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Hirsch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Department of Bioresources, Gießen, Germany
- Present address: Evotec International GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Wiesner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Department of Bioresources, Gießen, Germany
| | - Alexander Marker
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yvonne Pfeifer
- Department 1 – Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Armin Bauer
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Peter E Hammann
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany
- Present address: Evotec International GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Department of Bioresources, Gießen, Germany
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University of Gießen, Gießen, Germany
- Corresponding author. Tel: +49 641 99 39500; E-mail: orcid.org/0000-0001-8276-4968
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Rocha LFD, Pippi B, Fuentefria AM, Mezzari A. Synergistic effect of ibuprofen with itraconazole and fluconazole against Cryptococcus neoformans. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000318599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruna Pippi
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
84
|
Alves IA, Savi FM, de Vasconcelos C. Braz J, Quintans Junior LJ, Serafini MR. The Patenting and Technological Trends in Candidiasis Treatment: A Systematic Review (2014-2018). Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:2629-2639. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191030091211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
In the last few decades, mycoses caused by opportunistic fungi namely Candida
species has gained significant attention. Such infections are very common and present high mortality
rates, especially in immunocompromised patients. Currently, a limited number of antifungal drugs
are available for the treatment of these infections and are also often related to severe adverse side effects.
Therefore, new drugs and innovative technologies for the treatment of this infection are necessary.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of new drugs, formulations, as well as
patents for the treatment of infections caused by Candida spp.
Methods:
The present patent review was carried out through a specialized search database Espacenet.
The patent selection was based on the following inclusion criteria: Recent patents published in English
or Spanish containing candidiasis as the keyword in the title, abstract or full text. This survey was conducted
in October and November 2018.
Results:
As a result of that, 22 patents were selected to the final selection, the most common routes of
application were oral (n = 6), vaginal (n = 6), topical (n = 5) and others (n = 5). This fact is related to the
clinical manifestations of candidiasis.
Conclusion:
Through this review, it was possible to identify significant improvements and advances in
the area of antifungal therapeutic innovation research. In addition, we demonstrated the growing interest
of academic and industrial groups in pharmaceutical development and novel formulations for the treatment
of candidiasis. New therapeutic options can contribute to improve the quality of patient’s life, prevent
infections and promote the search for an innovative and effective treatment of Candida infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabel Almeida Alves
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missoes, Santo Angelo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Flávia Medeiros Savi
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Juliana de Vasconcelos C. Braz
- Department of Pharmacy, Programa de Pos Graduacao em Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Lucindo José Quintans Junior
- Department of Pharmacy, Programa de Pos Graduacao em Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Mairim Russo Serafini
- Department of Pharmacy, Programa de Pos Graduacao em Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Sergipe, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
do Carmo Silva L, Miranda MACM, de Freitas JV, Ferreira SFA, de Oliveira Lima EC, de Oliveira CMA, Kato L, Terezan AP, Rodriguez AFR, Faria FSEDV, de Almeida Soares CM, Pereira M. Antifungal activity of Copaíba resin oil in solution and nanoemulsion against Paracoccidioides spp. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 51:125-134. [PMID: 31833006 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00201-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a disease caused by fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides. The disease is responsible for high rates of premature deaths and socioeconomic repercussions. The limitations of antifungal agents against PCM have motivated the search for new compounds. In our ongoing exploration of Cerrado plants as potential sources of new antifungal agents, we selected Copaifera langsdorffii oil (Copaíba resin oil) in order to explore its bioactive potential and test a formulation to increase oil stability and solubilization employing Pluronic F-127 to obtain the nanoemulsion of the oil. We aim at testing both Copaíba resin oil and its nanoemulsion against four species of the Paracoccidioides genus. We performed cytotoxicity test in Balb/C3T3 cells, hemolytic activity and interaction of Copaíba resin oil and Copaíba resin oil nanoemulsion (CopaPlu) with the antifungal agents such as amphotericin B, co-trimoxazole, and itraconazole. Moreover, the Copaíba resin oil was analyzed by mass spectrometry to identify its chemical profile. Eventually, a new methodology to prepare the nanoemulsion is presented. The Copaíba resin oil and CopaPlu nanoemulsion inhibited Paracoccidioides sp. growth efficiently, and no cytotoxicity or hemolytic effect was observed at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). When combined with amphotericin B, Copaíba resin oil and its nanoemulsion showed an additive effect with reduction of MIC values. The Copaíba resin oil and CopaPlu nanoemulsion is a promising antifungal agent against Paracoccidioides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lívia do Carmo Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Meire Ane Costa Miguel Miranda
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Julianna Veiga de Freitas
- Laboratory of Colloids and Nanostructured Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Sarah Fernanda Araújo Ferreira
- Laboratory of Colloids and Nanostructured Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Emília Celma de Oliveira Lima
- Laboratory of Colloids and Nanostructured Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Lucilia Kato
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Terezan
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | - Célia Maria de Almeida Soares
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Maristela Pereira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, 74690-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Anticandidal agent for multiple targets: the next paradigm in the discovery of proficient therapeutics/overcoming drug resistance. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:2955-2974. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a prominent human fungal pathogen. Current treatments are suffering a massive gap due to emerging resistance against available antifungals. Therefore, there is an ardent need for novel antifungal candidates that essentially have more than one target, as most antifungal repertoires are single-target drugs. Exploration of multiple-drug targeting in antifungal therapeutics is still pending. An extensive literature survey was performed to categorize and comprehend relevant studies and the current therapeutic scenario that led researchers to preferentially consider multitarget drug-based Candida infection therapy. With this article, we identified and compiled a few potent antifungal compounds that are directed toward multiple virulent targets in C. albicans. Such compound(s) provide an optimistic platform of multiple targeting and could leave a substantial impact on the development of effective antifungals.
Collapse
|
87
|
Essential Oils and Their Natural Active Compounds Presenting Antifungal Properties. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203713. [PMID: 31619024 PMCID: PMC6832927 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The current rise in invasive fungal infections due to the increase in immunosuppressive therapies is a real concern. Moreover, the emergence of resistant strains induces therapeutic failures. In light of these issues, new classes of antifungals are anticipated. Therefore, the plant kingdom represents an immense potential of natural resources to exploit for these purposes. The aim of this review is to provide information about the antifungal effect of some important essential oils, and to describe the advances made in determining the mechanism of action more precisely. Finally, the issues of toxicity and resistance of fungi to essential oils will be discussed.
Collapse
|
88
|
Structural design of microbicidal cationic oligomers and their synergistic interaction with azoles against Candida albicans. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11885. [PMID: 31417167 PMCID: PMC6695401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-disrupting synthetic antimicrobial polymers have been well developed as antimicrobial peptide (AMP) mimics to mitigate antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, synthetic polymers possess inherent drawbacks, being a mixture of different chain lengths, which restricts their clinical applications. In fact, synthetic oligomers with defined chain length and molecular structure could be better representatives of AMPs. Herein, a series of novel imidazolium-ammonium oligomers developed in this work exhibit excellent broad spectrum antimicrobial activity, specifically the salient structure dependent high efficiency against C. albicans. Moreover, synergistic effect emerged when the combined azoles and synthetic oligomers were applied against C. albicans. The detail structural coupling between azoles and oligomers was scrutinized through molecular dynamics simulations to unravel the interaction details with the atomistic resolution. The labile interaction between oligomer and azoles facilitated the transfer of drug into fungal cells, which can be a synergistic solution to prevent the development of resistance on C. albicans.
Collapse
|
89
|
Aslanis V, Umehara K, Huth F, Ouatas T, Bharathy S, Butler AA, Zhou W, Gadbaw B. Multiple administrations of fluconazole increase plasma exposure to ruxolitinib in healthy adult subjects. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:749-757. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
90
|
Maciel AJ, Lacerda CP, Danielli LJ, Bordignon SAL, Fuentefria AM, Apel MA. Antichemotactic and Antifungal Action of the Essential Oils from Cryptocarya aschersoniana, Schinus terebinthifolia, and Cinnamomum amoenum. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900204. [PMID: 31298500 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to determine the chemical composition and evaluate the antichemotactic, antioxidant, and antifungal activities of the essential oil obtained from the species Cryptocarya aschersoniana Mez, Cinnamomum amoenum (Ness & Mart.) Kosterm., and Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi, as well as the combination of C. aschersoniana essential oil and terbinafine against isolates of dermatophytes. Allo-aromadendrene, bicyclogermacrene, and germacrene B were identified as major compounds in essential oils. The essential oil of C. aschersoniana shown 100 % inhibitory effect on leukocyte migration at the concentration of 10 μg/mL while S. terebinthifolia oil presented 80.1 % inhibitory effect at the same concentration. Only S. terebinthifolia oil possessed free-radical-scavenging activity which indicates its antioxidant capacity. The essential oils were also tested against fungal isolates of dermatophyte species (Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis and Microsporum gypseum), resulting in MIC ranging from 125 μg/mL to over 500 μg/mL. C. aschersoniana oil combined with terbinafine resulted in an additive interaction effect. In this case, the essential oil may act as a complement to conventional therapy for the topical treatment of superficial fungal infections, mainly because it is associated with an anti-inflammatory effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana J Maciel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Caroline P Lacerda
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Letícia J Danielli
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sérgio A L Bordignon
- Environmental Impact Assessment Graduate Program, La Salle University, Victor Barreto, 2288, 92010-000, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M Fuentefria
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Miriam A Apel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Nagarajan D, Roy N, Kulkarni O, Nanajkar N, Datey A, Ravichandran S, Thakur C, T. S, Aprameya IV, Sarma SP, Chakravortty D, Chandra N. Ω76: A designed antimicrobial peptide to combat carbapenem- and tigecycline-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax1946. [PMID: 31355341 PMCID: PMC6656545 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a public health concern that threatens to undermine decades of medical progress. ESKAPE pathogens cause most nosocomial infections, and are frequently resistant to carbapenem antibiotics, usually leaving tigecycline and colistin as the last treatment options. However, increasing tigecycline resistance and colistin's nephrotoxicity severely restrict use of these antibiotics. We have designed antimicrobial peptides using a maximum common subgraph approach. Our best peptide (Ω76) displayed high efficacy against carbapenem and tigecycline-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in mice. Mice treated with repeated sublethal doses of Ω76 displayed no signs of chronic toxicity. Sublethal Ω76 doses co-administered alongside sublethal colistin doses displayed no additive toxicity. These results indicate that Ω76 can potentially supplement or replace colistin, especially where nephrotoxicity is a concern. To our knowledge, no other existing antibiotics occupy this clinical niche. Mechanistically, Ω76 adopts an α-helical structure in membranes, causing rapid membrane disruption, leakage, and bacterial death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepesh Nagarajan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Natasha Roy
- Molecular Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Omkar Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Neha Nanajkar
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Akshay Datey
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | | | - Chandrani Thakur
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sandeep T.
- Department of Microbiology, M.S. Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore 560054, India
| | | | - Siddhartha P. Sarma
- Molecular Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- NMR Research Center, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- Corresponding author. (N.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Nagasuma Chandra
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- Corresponding author. (N.C.); (D.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Spicer SK, Subramani A, Aguila AL, Green RM, McClelland EE, Bicker KL. Toward a clinical antifungal peptoid: Investigations into the therapeutic potential of AEC5. Biopolymers 2019; 110:e23276. [PMID: 30938841 PMCID: PMC6660985 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen that causes cryptococcal meningitis in immunocompromised individuals. Existing antifungal treatment plans have high mammalian toxicity and increasing drug resistance, demonstrating the dire need for new, nontoxic therapeutics. Antimicrobial peptoids are one alternative to combat this issue. Our lab has recently identified a tripeptoid, AEC5, with promising efficacy and selectivity against C. neoformans. Here, we report studies into the broad-spectrum efficacy, killing kinetics, mechanism of action, in vivo half-life, and subchronic toxicity of this compound. Most notably, these studies have demonstrated that AEC5 rapidly reduces fungal burden, killing all viable fungi within 3 hours. Additionally, AEC5 has an in vivo half-life of 20+ hours and no observable in vivo toxicity following 28 days of daily injections. This research represents an important step in the characterization of AEC5 as a practical treatment option against C. neoformans infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina K. Spicer
- Middle Tennessee State University, Department of Chemistry, 1301 E. Main St., Murfreesboro, TN 37132
| | - Aarthi Subramani
- Middle Tennessee State University, Department of Biology, 1301 E. Main St., Murfreesboro, TN 37132
| | - Angelica L. Aguila
- Middle Tennessee State University, Department of Chemistry, 1301 E. Main St., Murfreesboro, TN 37132
| | - R. Madison Green
- Middle Tennessee State University, Department of Chemistry, 1301 E. Main St., Murfreesboro, TN 37132
| | - Erin E. McClelland
- Middle Tennessee State University, Department of Biology, 1301 E. Main St., Murfreesboro, TN 37132
| | - Kevin L. Bicker
- Middle Tennessee State University, Department of Chemistry, 1301 E. Main St., Murfreesboro, TN 37132
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
In vitro evaluation of antifungal combination against Cryptococcus neoformans. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 94:155-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
94
|
John CN, Abrantes PMDS, Prusty BK, Ablashi DV, Africa CWJ. K21 Compound, a Potent Antifungal Agent: Implications for the Treatment of Fluconazole-Resistant HIV-Associated Candida Species. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1021. [PMID: 31231313 PMCID: PMC6558409 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: With mucocutaneous candidiasis being highly prevalent in HIV patients, the emergence of fluconazole-resistant Candida species forms a major challenge in treating and eradicating these infections. The objective of this study was to establish the antifungal activity of K21, a membrane-rupturing antimicrobial compound derived from a silica quaternary ammonium compound (SiQAC) with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). Methods: The study sample included 81 Candida species of which 9 were type strains and 72 were clinical isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentrations, synergy, fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI), and time kill assays were determined by broth microdilution. Electron microscopy (EM) was used to determine the qualitative changes brought about after treatment with K21. Results: K21 inhibited the growth of all fluconazole-resistant and susceptible Candida strains with only 2 h of exposure required to effectively kill 99.9% of the inoculum, and a definite synergistic effect was observed with a combination of K21 and fluconazole. EM demonstrated the presence of two forms of extracellular vesicles indicative of biofilm formation and cell lysis. Conclusion: The study established the efficacy of K21 as an antifungal agent and with fluconazole-resistant candidiasis on the increase, the development of K21 can provide a promising alternative to combat acquired drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cathy N. John
- Maternal Endogenous Infections Studies (MEnIS) Research Laboratories, Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Pedro M. D. S. Abrantes
- Maternal Endogenous Infections Studies (MEnIS) Research Laboratories, Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Bhupesh K. Prusty
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Charlene W. J. Africa
- Maternal Endogenous Infections Studies (MEnIS) Research Laboratories, Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Sharma P, Bhalla M, Thami GP, Chander J. Evaluation of efficacy and safety of oral terbinafine and itraconazole combination therapy in the management of dermatophytosis. J DERMATOL TREAT 2019; 31:749-753. [PMID: 31030594 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2019.1612835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: There has been an alarming increase in recalcitrant dermatophytosis in recent years. The standard treatment guidelines no longer seem effective in achieving clearance and results in high failure rates.Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral terbinafine and itraconazole combination therapy in the management of dermatophytosis.Methods: Clinically diagnosed and KOH positive patients of tinea corporis/cruris/faciei were randomly divided into three groups and given terbinafine 250 mg, itraconazole 200 mg and a combination of both once daily taken on the same day respectively for 3 weeks. Partial responders at the end of the therapy were given same treatment for additional 3 weeks. Clinical parameters namely itching, erythema, and scaling were evaluated at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 weeks. Adverse effects were noted at the end of therapy.Results: Maximum clinical and mycological cure was achieved in group III (receiving combination therapy) (90%) followed by group II (receiving itraconazole) (50%) and group I (receiving terbinafine) (35%). The combination therapy of oral terbinafine and itraconazole was found to be as safe as monotherapy without any significant adverse effects.Conclusions: The combination of systemic terbinafine and itraconazole therapy may be an effective and safe therapeutic strategy in the management of dermatophytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mala Bhalla
- Department of Dermatology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gurvinder P Thami
- Department of Dermatology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jagdish Chander
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Arumugam G, Rajendran R. Anti-candidal activity and synergetic interaction of antifungal drugs with differential extract of brown algae Stocheospermum marginatum. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
97
|
Inhibition of Vesicular Transport Influences Fungal Susceptibility to Fluconazole. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.01998-18. [PMID: 30782993 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01998-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections pose a substantial threat to the human population. They can cause either mild and relatively harmless infections or invasive and often lethal diseases in patients with a weakened immune system. The majority of these human fungal infections are caused by Candida species. The limited amount of available therapies, together with the development of resistance against these drugs, strongly emphasizes the need for novel therapeutic strategies. As it is quite time-consuming to introduce completely new drugs to the market, potentiating the efficacy of existing drugs would be a better strategy. Therefore, it is important to identify cellular pathways involved in the development of drug resistance. We found that vesicular transport is involved in fungal susceptibility to the most widely used antifungal drug, fluconazole. We identified specific complexes in the vesicular transport pathway which contribute to fluconazole resistance or tolerance in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae Furthermore, we confirmed our findings in the clinically relevant fungi Candida albicans and Candida glabrata Finally, we show that the combination of fluconazole with a specific inhibitor of the vesicular transport pathway increases the susceptibility of Candida species, indicating the potential of using vesicular transport as a target in combination therapy.
Collapse
|
98
|
Fidalgo LM. Essential Oil from Chenopodium ambrosioides as a Promising Antileishmanial Agent. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0700201214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chenopodium ambrosioides has been used traditionally against parasitic diseases. The essential oil of the plant is a complex mixture of compounds with a rich structural diversity. This review focuses on recent evaluation of the essential oil from C. ambrosioides as a promising antileishmanial agent. The tested product showed activity against promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis and L. donovani. An optimal dose of 30 mg/Kg was effective by intraperitoneal and oral routes in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. The chenopodium oil had a moderate toxicity against peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice and no side effects were detected in animals treated by the oral route. Isolates of L. amazonensis from treated mice were susceptible to the essential oil. Synergic effects were observed when the essential oil was incubated in conjunction with pentamidine on L. amazonensis promastigote cultures. Future studies focusing on formulation, toxicity and mechanism of action may help in the development of chenopodium oil as a new antileishmanial drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianet Monzote Fidalgo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto de Medicina Tropical “Pedro Kourí”. Apartado Postal No. 601, Marianao 13, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Caesar LK, Kellogg JJ, Kvalheim OM, Cech NB. Opportunities and Limitations for Untargeted Mass Spectrometry Metabolomics to Identify Biologically Active Constituents in Complex Natural Product Mixtures. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:469-484. [PMID: 30844279 PMCID: PMC6837904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Compounds derived from natural sources represent the majority of small-molecule drugs utilized today. Plants, owing to their complex biosynthetic pathways, are poised to synthesize diverse secondary metabolites that selectively target biological macromolecules. Despite the vast chemical landscape of botanicals, drug discovery programs from these sources have diminished due to the costly and time-consuming nature of standard practices and high rates of compound rediscovery. Untargeted metabolomics approaches that integrate biological and chemical data sets potentially enable the prediction of active constituents early in the fractionation process. However, data acquisition and data processing parameters may have major impacts on the success of models produced. Using an inactive botanical mixture spiked with known antimicrobial compounds, untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics data were combined with bioactivity data to produce selectivity ratio models subjected to a variety of data acquisition and data processing parameters. Selectivity ratio models were used to identify active constituents that were intentionally added to the mixture, along with an additional antimicrobial compound, randainal (5), which was masked by the presence of antagonists in the mixture. These studies found that data-processing approaches, particularly data transformation and model simplification tools using a variance cutoff, had significant impacts on the models produced, either masking or enhancing the ability to detect active constituents in samples. The current study highlights the importance of the data processing step for obtaining reliable information from metabolomics models and demonstrates the strengths and limitations of selectivity ratio analysis to comprehensively assess complex botanical mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay K. Caesar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States
| | - Joshua J. Kellogg
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States
| | | | - Nadja B. Cech
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Tonon CC, Francisconi RS, Bordini EAF, Huacho PMM, Sardi JDCO, Spolidorio DMP. Interactions between Terpinen-4-ol and Nystatin on biofilm of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. Braz Dent J 2019; 29:359-367. [PMID: 30462762 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201802073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of Terpinen-4-ol associated with nystatin, on single and mixed species biofilms formed by Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis, as well as the effect of terpinen-4-ol on adhesion in oral cells and the enzymatic activity. The minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum fungicide concentrations of terpinen-4-ol and nystatin on Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis were determined using the microdilution broth method, along with their synergistic activity ("checkerboard" method). Single and mixed species biofilms were prepared using the static microtiter plate model and quantified by colony forming units (CFU/mL). The effect of Terpinen-4-ol in adhesion of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis in coculture with oral keratinocytes (NOK Si) was evaluated, as well as the enzymatic activity by measuring the size of the precipitation zone, after the growth agar to phospholipase, protease and hemolysin. Terpinen-4-ol (4.53 mg mL-1) and nystatin (0.008 mg mL-1) were able to inhibit biofilms growth, and a synergistic antifungal effect was showed with the drug association, reducing the inhibitory concentration of nystatin up to 8 times in single biofilm of Candida albicans, and 2 times in mixed species biofilm. A small decrease in the adhesion of Candida tropicalis in NOK Si cells was showed after treatment with terpinen-4-ol, and nystatin had a greater effect for both species. For enzymatic activity, the drugs showed no action. The effect potentiated by the combination of terpinen-4-ol and nystatin and the reduction of adhesion provide evidence of its potential as an anti-fungal agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Coradi Tonon
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Serignoli Francisconi
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ester Alves Ferreira Bordini
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Janaína de Cássia Orlandi Sardi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|