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Detry S, Składanowska K, Vuylsteke M, Savvides SN, Bloch Y. Revisiting the combinatorial potential of cytokine subunits in the IL-12 family. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 165:240-248. [PMID: 30885765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The four core members of the Interleukin-12 (IL-12) family of cytokines, IL-12, IL-23, IL-27 and IL-35 are heterodimers which share α- and β-cytokine subunits. All four cytokines are immune modulators and have been proposed to play divergent roles in inflammatory arthritis. In recent years additional combinations of α- and β-cytokine subunits belonging to the IL-12 family have been proposed to form novel cytokines such as IL-39. However, the actual extent of the combinatorial potential of the cytokine subunits in the human IL-12 family is not known. Here, we identify several combinations of subunits that form secreted heterodimeric assemblies based on a systematic orthogonal approach. The heterodimers are detected in the conditioned media harvested from mammalian cell cultures transfected with unfused pairs of cytokine subunits. While certain previously reported subunit combinations could not be recapitulated, our approach showed robustly that all four of the canonical members could be secreted. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the interaction between Cytokine Receptor Like Factor 1 (CRLF1) and Interleukin-12 subunit alpha (p35). Similar to IL-27 and IL-35 this novel heterodimer is not abundantly secreted rendering isolation from the conditioned medium very challenging, unlike IL-12 and IL-23. Our findings set the stage for fine-tuning approaches towards the biochemical reconstitution of IL-12 family cytokines for biochemical, cellular, and structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sammy Detry
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Unit for Structural Biology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katarzyna Składanowska
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Unit for Structural Biology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Savvas N Savvides
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Unit for Structural Biology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Yehudi Bloch
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Unit for Structural Biology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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52
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Genetic polymorphism in association with susceptibility to tuberculosis: a study in a Pakistani population. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:429-434. [PMID: 30805894 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is becoming a global issue with raising occurrences; particularly in developing countries, the situation is alarming. Besides environmental factors, host genetic factors are vital in disease development. A demographical and genotypic analysis in relation to tuberculosis commencement is conducted in a Pakistani population, and genotypic frequency of EBI3 (rs4740) was analyzed. Allelic frequencies of EBI3 (rs4740) were significantly associated with disease susceptibility in the reviewed population. Analysis for EBI3 (rs4740) genotyping showed a significant association of "GG" with reduced risk for disease. Moreover, females and older age found to be more perilous to develop TB while smoking and a family history of TB are additional risk factors for disease development. Further work with a larger population is necessary to identify the true causative variants of tuberculosis.
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Gleave Parson M, Grimmett J, Vance JK, Witt MR, Seman BG, Rawson TW, Lyda L, Labuda C, Jung JY, Bradford SD, Robinson CM. Murine myeloid-derived suppressor cells are a source of elevated levels of interleukin-27 in early life and compromise control of bacterial infection. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:445-456. [PMID: 30575117 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microbial infections early in life remain a major cause of infant mortality worldwide. This is consistent with immune deficiencies in this population. Interleukin (IL)-27 is suppressive toward a variety of immune cell types, and we have shown that the production of IL-27 is elevated in humans and mice early in life. We hypothesize that elevated levels of IL-27 oppose protective responses to infection during the neonatal period. In this study, we extended previous findings in neonatal mice to identify a population of IL-27 producers that express Gr-1 and were further identified as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) based on the expression of surface markers and functional studies. In neonates, MDSCs are more abundant and contribute to the elevated pool of IL-27 in this population. Although the ability of MDSCs to regulate T lymphocyte activation has been well-studied, sparingly few studies have investigated the influence of MDSCs on innate immune function during bacterial infection. We demonstrate that macrophages are impaired in their ability to control growth of Escherichia coli when cocultured with MDSCs. This bacterium is a significant concern for neonates as a common cause of bacterial sepsis and meningitis. The suppressive effect of MDSCs on macrophage function is mediated by IL-27; inclusion of a reagent to neutralize IL-27 promotes improved control of bacterial growth. Taken together, these results suggest that the increased abundance of MDSCs may contribute to early life susceptibility to infection and further highlight production of IL-27 as a novel MDSC mechanism to suppress immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Gleave Parson
- Biomedical Sciences Department, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV, USA
| | - Juanita Grimmett
- Biomedical Sciences Department, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV, USA
| | - Jordan K Vance
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Michelle R Witt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Brittany G Seman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Travis W Rawson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Logan Lyda
- Biomedical Sciences Department, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV, USA
| | - Christopher Labuda
- Biomedical Sciences Department, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV, USA
| | - Joo-Yong Jung
- Department of Biology, Briar Cliff University, Sioux City, IA, USA
| | - Shelby D Bradford
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Cory M Robinson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
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54
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Ma N, Fang Y, Xu R, Zhai B, Hou C, Wang X, Jiang Z, Wang L, Liu Q, Han G, Wang R. Ebi3 promotes T- and B-cell division and differentiation via STAT3. Mol Immunol 2019; 107:61-70. [PMID: 30660991 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although sharing the same subunit Ebi3, IL-27 (p28/Ebi3) and IL-35 (p35/Ebi3) have different biological functions, suggesting that Ebi3 subunit may functions as a carrier. Our data demonstrated that activated T cells and B cells effectively up-regulated Ebi3 expression. In addition, Ebi3 effectively promoted T-cell activation and the differentiation of helper T 1 (Th1), Th17, and Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells induced by Th1, Th17, and Treg polarizing condition, respectively. Naturally, Ebi3 could promote B-cell activation and the production of CD138+ plasma cells (PC) induced by LPS. Conversely, neutralizing anti-Ebi3 antibody could significantly suppress T/B-cell activation and production of Th1, Th17, Tregs, and PC induced by Th1, Th17, Treg polarizing condition, and LPS, respectively. Furthermore, we found that Ebi3 time-dependently induced STAT3 activation in CD4+T cells and B cells. Conversely, STAT3-/- effectively reduced Ebi3 expression and the production of Th1, Th17, Tregs, and plasma cells. Finally, we showed that gp130 but not IL-27Rα mediates Ebi3-induced STAT3 activation. These results suggest that Ebi3 promotes Th- and B-cell differentiation via gp130-STAT3 signaling pathway. Thus, autocrine Ebi3 may play an important role in the differentiation of Th and B cells and thus in infection, inflammation, and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, First hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Rheumatology, First hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ruonan Xu
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China
| | - Bing Zhai
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; Department of Geriatric Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Chunmei Hou
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Staidson (Beijing) Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Zhenyu Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology, First hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Liang Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China
| | - Qilin Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Gencheng Han
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Renxi Wang
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China.
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The relationship between Interleukin-27 gene polymorphisms and Kawasaki disease in a population of Chinese children. Cardiol Young 2018; 28:1123-1128. [PMID: 29973303 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951118000914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kawasaki disease is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children from developed countries. The Interleukin-6/ Interleukin-12 cytokine family has many members, including the paradoxical anti- and pro-inflammatory Interleukin-27. Recent studies have demonstrated that Interleukin-27 plays a role in immune diseases. Given this, we sought to evaluate the association between Interleukin-27 genetic polymorphisms and Kawasaki disease in Chinese children.Methods and resultsInterleukin-27 was genotyped in 100 Kawasaki disease children and 98 healthy children (controls), resulting in the direct sequencing of eight Single-nucleotide Polymorphisms: rs17855750, rs40837, rs26528, rs428253, rs4740, rs4905, rs153109, and rs181206). There were no significant differences in Interleukin-27 genotypes between Kawasaki disease and control groups. Of the eight Single-nucleotide Polymorphisms, there was a significant increase in the risk of Kawasaki disease with coronary arterial lesions in children with the rs17855750 (T>G), rs40837 (A>G), rs4740 (G>A), rs4905 (A>G), rs153109 (T>C), and rs26528 (A>G) Single-nucleotide Polymorphisms. This was particularly true for rs17855750 (T>G), which had a greater frequency in Kawasaki disease children with coronary arterial aneurysm. CONCLUSION These findings may be used as risk factors when assessing a child's likelihood of developing Kawasaki disease, as well as for the development of future therapeutic treatments for Kawasaki disease.
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56
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Feng T, Su G, He J, Gao W, Shen Y, Liu X. Fluid Shear Stress Promotes Autophagy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1277-1290. [PMID: 30123076 PMCID: PMC6097484 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.27055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The autophagy in cancer cells is recognized as an essential hallmark of tumors, which can enhance cancer cell migration and invasion, and result in high incidence of tumor metastasis. The fluid shear stress (FSS) in tumor mechanical microenvironment plays a pivotal role in mediating the behaviors and functions of cells. In this study, the hepatocellular carcinoma cells were exposed to 1.4 dyn/cm2 FSS to explore whether FSS could induce autophagy. The results of TEM, Ad-mCherry-GFP labeled LC3B, and mRNA and protein expression of autophagy markers confirmed that FSS could induce autophagy in a time-dependent manner. Additionally, the inhibition of autophagy significantly downregulated the expression of PI3K, FAK and Rho GTPases, and attenuated the ability of cell migration, suggesting that FSS-induced autophagy depended on PI3K- FAK-Rho GTPases pathway. This study elucidated the role of FSS in inducing autophagy during tumor progression, which has emerged as a promising clinical strategy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tang Feng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guanyue Su
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jia He
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenbo Gao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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57
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Thompson A, Orr SJ. Emerging IL-12 family cytokines in the fight against fungal infections. Cytokine 2018; 111:398-407. [PMID: 29793796 PMCID: PMC6299256 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
IL-12 and IL-23 have established roles during anti-fungal immunity. IL-27 promotes regulatory effector responses during fungal infections. IL-35 drives T cell differentiation to produce anti-inflammatory responses. Increasing evidence for IL-12 family cytokines in maintaining anti-fungal immune homeostasis.
Invasive fungal infections cause approximately 1.5 million deaths per year worldwide and are a growing threat to human health. Current anti-fungal therapies are often insufficient, therefore studies into host-pathogen interactions are critical for the development of novel therapies to improve mortality rates. Myeloid cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, express pattern recognition receptor (PRRs), which are important for fungal recognition. Engagement of these PRRs by fungal pathogens induces multiple cytokines, which in turn activate T effector responses. Interleukin (IL)-12 family members (IL-12p70, IL-23, IL-27 and IL-35) link innate immunity with the development of adaptive immunity and are also important for regulating T cell responses. IL-12 and IL-23 have established roles during anti-fungal immunity, whereas emerging roles for IL-27 and IL-35 have recently been reported. Here, we discuss the IL-12 family, focusing on IL-27 and IL-35 during anti-fungal immune responses to pathogens such as Candida and Aspergillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiysha Thompson
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Selinda J Orr
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom.
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58
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Su LC, Liu XY, Huang AF, Xu WD. Emerging role of IL-35 in inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:665-673. [PMID: 29729445 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 35 (IL-35) is the recently identified member of the IL-12 family of cytokines and provides the possibility to be a target for new therapies for autoimmune, inflammatory diseases. It is composed of an α chain (p35) and a β chain (EBI3). IL-35 mediates signaling by binding to its receptors, activates subsequent signaling pathways, and therefore, regulates the differentiation, function of T, B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells. Recent findings have shown abnormal expression of IL-35 in inflammatory autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune hepatitis, experimental autoimmune uveitis. In addition, functional analysis suggested that IL-35 is critical in the onset and development of these diseases. Therefore, the present study will systematically review what had been occurred regarding IL-35 in inflammatory autoimmune disease. The information collected will help to understand the biologic role of IL-35 in immune cells, and give information about the therapeutic potential of IL-35 in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Chong Su
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic diseases, Affiliated Minda Hospital of Hubei Institute for Nationalities, 2 Wufengshan Road, Enshi, Hubei 445000, PR China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Minda Hospital of Hubei Institute for Nationalities, 2 Wufengshan Road, Enshi, Hubei 445000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, 1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China
| | - An-Fang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China.
| | - Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, 1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China.
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59
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The Role, Involvement and Function(s) of Interleukin-35 and Interleukin-37 in Disease Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041149. [PMID: 29641433 PMCID: PMC5979316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently identified cytokines-interleukin (IL)-35 and interleukin (IL)-37-have been described for their anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating actions in numerous inflammatory diseases, auto-immune disorders, malignancies, infectious diseases and sepsis. Either cytokine has been reported to be reduced and in some cases elevated and consequently contributed towards disease pathogenesis. In view of the recent advances in utilizing cytokine profiles for the development of biological macromolecules, beneficial in the management of certain intractable immune-mediated disorders, these recently characterized cytokines (IL-35 and IL-37) offer potential as reasonable targets for the discovery of novel immune-modulating anti-inflammatory therapies. A detailed comprehension of their sophisticated regulatory mechanisms and patterns of expression may provide unique opportunities for clinical application as highly selective and target specific therapeutic agents. This review seeks to summarize the recent advancements in discerning the dynamics, mechanisms, immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory actions of IL-35 and IL-37 as they relate to disease pathogenesis.
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60
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Ponte C, Hacker M, Moraes M, Castello-Branco L, Silva F, Antas P. The patterns of in vitro cell-death and inflammatory cytokines induced by distinct BCG vaccine strains are differentially induced in human mononuclear cells. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 14:28-35. [PMID: 29053932 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1382788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains among the world's leading cause of mortality. For its control, studies of TB vaccines are needed. Since live-attenuated Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only TB vaccine currently in use, studies on the protective role of BCG are required. In this study, we analyzed host cells purified directly from whole blood of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative volunteers, comprising adult healthy donors (HD) and neonates (umbilical cord bloods, UCB), with the aim to directly compare in vitro immune responses with distinct BCG strains in human mononuclear cells. The Moreau, Pasteur, and Danish BCG strains were used to infect mononuclear cells in vitro for 48 h; bacilli viability and cell-death were subsequently detected by flow cytometry. In addition, cell culture supernatants were used in cytokine detection assays. Overall, the Moreau BCG strain induced higher levels of apoptosis than the Pasteur and Danish BCG strains in both the HD and UCB groups (p-value < 0.05), and a human monocytic cell-line mirrored those cell-death patterns after BCG infection. The Moreau BCG strain, exclusively, induced Th1 cytokines at the highest levels in cells from adults (p-value < 0.05) when compared with both Pasteur and Danish BCG strains, whereas TGF-β1 levels were reduced significantly (p-value < 0.01) in the HD group when cells were infected with the Moreau BCG vaccine. As expected, eight out of 22 pro-inflammatory cytokines were secreted at significant levels (p-value < 0.05) above the baseline rates in all BCG-infected cell cultures, in the HD group only. When analyzing these results, we excluded confounding factors related to storage and viability of the BCG strains used. These findings suggest that Moreau BCG is a more potent immunostimulating agent than the Pasteur and Danish BCG strains. Clinical trials will be needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ponte
- a Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - M Hacker
- b Laboratório de Hanseníase, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - M Moraes
- b Laboratório de Hanseníase, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - L Castello-Branco
- a Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - F Silva
- c Gaffree Guinle State University Hospital of Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - P Antas
- a Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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IL-12p35 induces expansion of IL-10 and IL-35-expressing regulatory B cells and ameliorates autoimmune disease. Nat Commun 2017; 8:719. [PMID: 28959012 PMCID: PMC5620058 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00838-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 35 (IL-35) is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of IL-12p35 and Ebi3 subunits. IL-35 suppresses autoimmune diseases while preventing host defense to infection and promoting tumor growth and metastasis by converting resting B and T cells into IL-10-producing and IL-35-producing regulatory B (Breg) and T (Treg) cells. Despite sharing the IL-12p35 subunit, IL-12 (IL-12p35/IL-12p40) promotes inflammatory responses whereas IL-35 (IL-12p35/Ebi3) induces regulatory responses, suggesting that IL-12p35 may have unknown intrinsic immune-regulatory functions regulated by its heterodimeric partner. Here we show that the IL-12p35 subunit has immunoregulatory functions hitherto attributed to IL-35. IL-12p35 suppresses lymphocyte proliferation, induces expansion of IL-10-expressing and IL-35-expressing B cells and ameliorates autoimmune uveitis in mice by antagonizing pathogenic Th17 responses. Recapitulation of essential immunosuppressive activities of IL-35 indicates that IL-12p35 may be utilized for in vivo expansion of Breg cells and autologous Breg cell immunotherapy. Furthermore, our uveitis data suggest that intrinsic immunoregulatory activities of other single chain IL-12 subunits might be exploited to treat other autoimmune diseases. IL-12p35 is common to IL-35 and IL-12, which have opposing effects on inflammation. Here the authors show that the IL-12p35 subunit induces regulatory B cells and can be used therapeutically to limit autoimmune uveitis in mice.
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62
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Huang A, Cheng L, He M, Nie J, Wang J, Jiang K. Interleukin-35 on B cell and T cell induction and regulation. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2017; 14:16. [PMID: 28794689 PMCID: PMC5547520 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-017-0164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-35 is a relatively newly discovered member of IL-12 cytokine family that is unique in that it is a dimer formed by two subunits. The review documents the structure, secretion and signal transduction of IL-35, the regulation effect of IL-35 on B cells and T cells as well as the adoptive transfer of IL-35+ regulatory B cells (Breg), therapeutic prospects of recombinant IL-35 (rIL-35) and IL-35 regulation role in various diseases. B-cell regulation expands the regulatory range of IL-35 and alters the view that IL-10 is the chief immune mechanism for Breg cells which secrete IL-35. IL-35 induces Breg cells, which then can induce Treg cells. IL-35 also plays an immunomodulatory role in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022 People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022 People's Republic of China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Nie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022 People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022 People's Republic of China
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63
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Robinson RT, Huppler AR. The Goldilocks model of immune symbiosis with Mycobacteria and Candida colonizers. Cytokine 2017; 97:49-65. [PMID: 28570933 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacteria and Candida species include significant human pathogens that can cause localized or disseminated infections. Although these organisms may appear to have little in common, several shared pathways of immune recognition and response are important for both control and infection-related pathology. In this article, we compare and contrast the innate and adaptive components of the immune system that pertain to these infections in humans and animal models. We also explore a relatively new concept in the mycobacterial field: biological commensalism. Similar to the well-established model of Candida infection, Mycobacteria species colonize their human hosts in equilibrium with the immune response. Perturbations in the immune response permit the progression to pathologic disease at the expense of the host. Understanding the immune factors required to maintain commensalism may aid with the development of diagnostic and treatment strategies for both categories of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Robinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Anna R Huppler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Hospital and Health System, Children's Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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Significant reduction of peripheral blood interleukin-35 and CD4 +EBI3 + T cells, which are negatively correlated with an increase in the plasma IL-17 and cTnI level, in viral myocarditis patients. Cent Eur J Immunol 2017; 42:91-96. [PMID: 28680336 PMCID: PMC5470605 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2016.65892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Viral myocarditis (VMC) has become an increasingly common heart disease that endangers human health. In the present study, the plasma interleukin-35 (IL-35) level and the percentage of CD4+EBI3+ T cells in VMC patients were detected to investigate the significance of changes in these parameters in the plasma of VMC patients and their association with the disease. Material and methods ELISA was performed to detect the plasma IL-35 level and the percentage of peripheral blood CD4+EBI3+ T cells in 40 VMC patients and in 20 healthy individuals. Moreover, the plasma IL-17 levels in the VMC patients and in the healthy individuals were detected using an ELISA, and the cardiac Troponin-I (cTnI) levels were detected using a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay to compare the differences in the groups. Results Plasma IL-35 level and the percentage of CD4+EBI3+ T cells in acute phase VMC patients was lower than that in the healthy control group and the convalescent phase VMC patients. Additionally, the plasma IL-35 level in the VMC patients exhibited a negative correlation with the levels of cTnI and IL-17. The percentage of CD4+EBI3+ T cells also showed a negative correlation with the levels of cTnI and IL-17. Conclusions The plasma IL-35 level and the percentage of CD4+EBI3+ T cells in VMC patients was reduced, and the amount of the decrease was associated with the severity of the disease. These results suggest that IL-35 and CD4+EBI3+ T might play important roles in the progression of VMC and could be used as indictors of the disease.
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Chehboun S, Labrecque-Carbonneau J, Pasquin S, Meliani Y, Meddah B, Ferlin W, Sharma M, Tormo A, Masson JF, Gauchat JF. Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) can mediate IL-6 trans-signaling. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6644-6656. [PMID: 28280243 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.762021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) is a subunit of the composite cytokines IL-27 and IL-35. Both have beneficial functions or effects in models of infectious and autoimmune diseases. This suggests that administration of EBI3 could be therapeutically useful by binding free p28 and p35 to generate IL-27 and IL-35. IL-27- and IL-35-independent functions of EBI3 could compromise its therapeutic uses. We therefore assessed the effects of EBI3 on cytokine receptor-expressing cells. We observed that EBI3 activates STAT3 and induces the proliferation of the IL-6-dependent B9 mouse plasmacytoma cell line. Analyses using blocking mAbs and Ba/F3 transfectants expressing gp130 indicate that EBI3 activity was linked to its capacity to mediate IL-6 trans-signaling, albeit less efficiently than soluble IL-6Rα. In line with this interpretation, co-immunoprecipitation and SPR experiments indicated that EBI3 binds IL-6. An important pro-inflammatory function of IL-6 trans-signaling is to activate blood vessel endothelial cells. We observed that EBI3 in combination with IL-6 could induce the expression of chemokines by human venal endothelial cells. Our results indicate that EBI3 can promote pro-inflammatory IL-6 functions by mediating trans-signaling. These unexpected observations suggest that use of EBI3 as a therapeutic biologic for autoimmune diseases will likely require co-administration of soluble gp130 to prevent the side effects associated with IL-6 trans-signaling. Together with previous studies that demonstrated activation of IL-6R by p28 (IL-30), new findings further suggest a complex interrelation between IL-27 and IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bouchra Meddah
- the Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Mukut Sharma
- the Research Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Midwest Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City, Missouri 64128-2226
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Xu XP, Hua LY, Chao HL, Chen ZX, Wang XF, Ji J, Liu N. Genetic association between IL-27 rs153109 polymorphism and cancer risk in Chinese population: a meta-analysis. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2017; 37:335-340. [PMID: 25424605 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2014.986743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
IL-27 plays an important role in anti-cancer activity. The -964A/G polymorphism in IL-27 gene has been implicated in susceptibility to cancer, but the results were conflicting. The aim of this study was to assess the association between this polymorphism and cancer risk. Pubmed and Wanfang database were searched for all publications concerning IL-27 -964A/G polymorphism and cancer risk. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the strength of association. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 11.0 software. A total of eight case-control studies including 2044 cancer cases and 2197 controls were identified. Overall, significant association between IL-27 -964A/G polymorphism and cancer risk was observed (GG versus AA: OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.03-1.52; GG versus AG + AA: OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.00-1.44). In subgroup analysis based on cancer type, significant association was found in colorectal cancer (GG versus AA: OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.07-2.27; AG versus AA: OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.02-1.67). The current meta-analysis suggests that IL-27 -964A/G polymorphism might enhance cancer risk. However, large-scale and well-designed studies are still needed to confirm the result of our meta-analysis. The association of IL-27 polymorphism with colorectal cancer may provide insight for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Peng Xu
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Ling-Yang Hua
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Hong-Lu Chao
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Zheng-Xin Chen
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Xie-Feng Wang
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Jing Ji
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Ning Liu
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province , China
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EBI3 regulates the NK cell response to mouse cytomegalovirus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:1625-1630. [PMID: 28143936 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700231114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are key mediators in the control of cytomegalovirus infection. Here, we show that Epstein-Barr virus-induced 3 (EBI3) is expressed by human NK cells after NKG2D or IL-12 plus IL-18 stimulation and by mouse NK cells during mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection. The induction of EBI3 protein expression in mouse NK cells is a late activation event. Thus, early activation events of NK cells, such as IFNγ production and CD69 expression, were not affected in EBI3-deficient (Ebi3-/- ) C57BL/6 (B6) mice during MCMV infection. Furthermore, comparable levels of early viral replication in spleen and liver were observed in MCMV-infected Ebi3-/- and wild-type (WT) B6 mice. Interestingly, the viral load in salivary glands and oral lavage was strongly decreased in the MCMV-infected Ebi3-/- B6 mice, suggesting that EBI3 plays a role in the establishment of MCMV latency. We detected a decrease in the sustained IL-10 production by NK cells and lower serum levels of IL-10 in the MCMV-infected Ebi3-/- B6 mice. Furthermore, we observed an increase in dendritic cell maturation markers and an increase in activated CD8+ T cells. Thus, EBI3 dampens the immune response against MCMV infection, resulting in prolonged viral persistence.
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Circulating IL-27 Is Elevated in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111565. [PMID: 27869736 PMCID: PMC6273926 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are key immunoregulatory molecules that regulate T lymphocyte-mediated immune responses and inflammatory reactions. We determined whether there is aberrant expression of interleukin-27 (IL-27) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and investigated the clinical significance of these changes. IL-27 is a key cellular factor that regulates the differentiation of CD4+ T cells, which can secrete interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in vivo. Concentrations of serum IL-27 in 67 RA patients, and 36 sex- and age-matched control subjects were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results showed that concentrations of serum IL-27 in all RA patients were significantly higher than in healthy control subjects, and there was a significant and positive correlation between serum IL-27 levels and disease activity in all RA patients. Levels of serum IL-27 in RA patients were significantly correlated with disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28). Moreover, immunosuppressive treatment with leflunomide downregulated the levels of IL-27 in active RA patients. Therefore, the elevated production of circulating T cell inflammatory factors contributes to the pathogenesis of RA, and serum IL-27 could potentially serve as a new biomarker of RA disease activity.
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Hasegawa H, Mizoguchi I, Chiba Y, Ohashi M, Xu M, Yoshimoto T. Expanding Diversity in Molecular Structures and Functions of the IL-6/IL-12 Heterodimeric Cytokine Family. Front Immunol 2016; 7:479. [PMID: 27867385 PMCID: PMC5095122 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-6/IL-12 family cytokines have pleiotropic functions and play critical roles in multiple immune responses. This cytokine family has very unique characteristics in that they comprise two distinct subunits forming a heterodimer and each cytokine and receptor subunit shares with each other. The members of this cytokine family are increasing; currently, there are more than six cytokines, including the tentatively named cytokines IL-Y (p28/p40), IL-12 (p35/p40), IL-23 (p19/p40), IL-27 [p28/Epstein–Barr virus-induced protein 3 (EBI3)], IL-35 (p35/EBI3), and IL-39 (p19/EBI3). This family of cytokines covers a very broad range of immune responses, including pro-inflammatory responses, such as helper T (Th)1, Th2, and Th17, to anti-inflammatory responses, such as regulatory T (Treg) cells and IL-10-producing Treg cells. IL-12 is the first member of this family, and IL-12, IL-23, and IL-27 are mainly produced by activated antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages. IL-12 plays a critical role in the promotion of Th1 immune responses by inducing interferon-γ production to combat pathogens and malignant tumors. IL-23 induces IL-17 production and is necessary to maintain pathogenic Th17 cells that cause inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. IL-27 was initially reported to play a critical role in promotion of Th1 differentiation; however, subsequent studies revealed that IL-27 has broader stimulatory and inhibitory roles by inducing IL-10-producing Treg cells. IL-35 is produced by forkhead box P3+ Treg cells and activated B cells and has immunosuppressive functions to maintain immune tolerance. The most recently identified cytokine, IL-39, is produced by activated B cells and has pro-inflammatory functions. The cytokine tentatively named IL-Y seems to have anti-inflammatory functions by inhibiting Th1 and Th17 differentiation. In addition, individual cytokine subunits were also shown to have self-standing activities. Thus, promiscuity within the IL-6/IL-12 family cytokines complicates structural and functional clarification and assignment of individual cytokines. A better understanding of the recent advances and expanding diversity in molecular structures and functions of the IL-6/IL-12 family cytokines could allow the creation of novel therapeutic strategies by using them as tools and targeted molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Hasegawa
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Izuru Mizoguchi
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yukino Chiba
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Mio Ohashi
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Mingli Xu
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University , Tokyo , Japan
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Jung J, Gleave Parson M, Kraft JD, Lyda L, Kobe B, Davis C, Robinson J, Peña MMO, Robinson CM. Elevated interleukin-27 levels in human neonatal macrophages regulate indoleamine dioxygenase in a STAT-1 and STAT-3-dependent manner. Immunology 2016; 149:35-47. [PMID: 27238498 PMCID: PMC4981608 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial infections are a major cause of infant mortality as a result of limitations in immune defences. Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is a heterodimeric cytokine produced primarily by leucocytes and is immunosuppressive toward lymphocytes and leucocytes. Our laboratory demonstrated that human neonatal macrophages express IL-27 more abundantly than adult macrophages. Similarly in mice, IL-27 expression is elevated early in life and maintained through infancy. To determine IL-27-regulated mechanisms that may limit immunity, we evaluated the expression of a number of genes in response to this cytokine in primary human neonatal macrophages. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) gene expression was increased dose-responsively by IL-27. We have previously demonstrated inhibition of T-cell proliferation and cytokine production by neonatal macrophage-generated IL-27, and IDO is often implicated in this negative regulation. An increase in IDO protein was demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy and was consistent with increased enzyme activity following treatment with IL-27. Inclusion of a soluble receptor to neutralize endogenous IL-27, decreased IDO expression and activity compared with untreated macrophages. In response to IL-27, neonatal macrophages phosphorylate signal transdcuer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT-1) and STAT-3. Both transcription factors are recruited to the IDO regulatory region. STAT-3 dominates during steady-state regulation by lower levels of endogenous IL-27 production. A shift to enhanced STAT-1 recruitment occurs during increased levels of exogenously supplied IL-27. These data suggest an interesting interplay of STAT-1 and STAT-3 to regulate IDO activity and immunosuppression in response to different levels of IL-27 in the microenvironment of the immune response that may further our understanding of this interesting cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo‐Yong Jung
- Department of BiologyBriar Cliff UniversitySioux CityIAUSA
| | - Madeline Gleave Parson
- Biomedical Sciences DepartmentWest Virginia School of Osteopathic MedicineLewisburgWVUSA
| | - Jennifer D. Kraft
- Department of Pathology Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of South Carolina School of MedicineColumbiaSCUSA
| | - Logan Lyda
- Biomedical Sciences DepartmentWest Virginia School of Osteopathic MedicineLewisburgWVUSA
| | - Brianna Kobe
- Biomedical Sciences DepartmentWest Virginia School of Osteopathic MedicineLewisburgWVUSA
| | - Celestia Davis
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSCUSA
- Center for Colon Cancer ResearchUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSCUSA
| | - Jembber Robinson
- Department of Pathology Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of South Carolina School of MedicineColumbiaSCUSA
| | - Maria Marjorette O. Peña
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSCUSA
- Center for Colon Cancer ResearchUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSCUSA
| | - Cory M. Robinson
- Biomedical Sciences DepartmentWest Virginia School of Osteopathic MedicineLewisburgWVUSA
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Gao F, Yang YZ, Feng XY, Fan TT, Jiang L, Guo R, Liu Q. Interleukin-27 is elevated in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction and mediates inflammation. Cytokine 2016; 88:1-11. [PMID: 27525353 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interleukin (IL)-27 is an important cytokine involved in many human inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated its role in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD). METHODS Twenty patients with SIMD and 24healthy donors were prospectively enrolled. Expression of IL-27 was detected in serum from SIMD patients by ELISA. Cardiac dysfunction was induced by administration of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to C57BL/6 (wild type) or IL-27R-/- mice. IL-27 mRNA in the myocardium was measured by RT-PCR. Cytokine levels in serum were determined by ELISA. RESULTS Expression of IL-27 in the serum was markedly increased in patients with SIMD compared with that in controls. Serum IL-27 levels and cardiac IL-27 mRNA expression were significantly increased after LPS injection compared with control specimens. Compared with wild-type mice, IL-27R-/- mice had higher expression of brain natriuretic peptide, cardiac troponin I, IL-6, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-α and transforming growth factor-β. CONCLUSIONS IL-27 is an important protective mediator of SIMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Anesthesia, Stomatology Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 426 Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401146, China.
| | - Yuan-Zheng Yang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, No. 31 Hualong Road, Xinhua District, Hainan 571101, China.
| | - Xuan-Yun Feng
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Ting-Ting Fan
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Long Jiang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Wang L, Zhu S, Xu G, Feng J, Han T, Zhao F, She YL, Liu S, Ye L, Zhu Y. Gene Expression and Antiviral Activity of Interleukin-35 in Response to Influenza A Virus Infection. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16863-76. [PMID: 27307042 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.693101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is a newly described member of the IL-12 family. It has been reported to inhibit inflammation and autoimmune inflammatory disease and can increase apoptotic sensitivity. Little is known about the role of IL-35 during viral infection. Herein, high levels of IL-35 were found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and throat swabs from patients with seasonal influenza A virus (IAV) relative to healthy individuals. IAV infection of human lung epithelial and primary cells increased levels of IL-35 mRNA and protein. Further studies demonstrated that IAV-induced IL-35 transcription is regulated by NF-κB. IL-35 expression was significantly suppressed by selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric-oxide synthase, indicating their involvement in IL-35 expression. Interestingly, IL-35 production may have suppressed IAV RNA replication and viral protein synthesis via induction of type I and III interferons (IFN), leading to activation of downstream IFN effectors, including double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase, 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase, and myxovirus resistance protein. IL-35 exhibited extensive antiviral activity against the hepatitis B virus, enterovirus 71, and vesicular stomatitis virus. Our results demonstrate that IL-35 is a novel IAV-inducible cytokine, and its production elicits antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- From the The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Shengli Zhu
- From the The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Gang Xu
- From the The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Jian Feng
- From the The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Tao Han
- From the The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Fanpeng Zhao
- From the The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Ying-Long She
- From the The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Shi Liu
- From the The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Linbai Ye
- From the The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- From the The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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Wu S, Li Y, Li Y, Yao L, Lin T, Jiang S, Shen H, Xia L, Lu J. Interleukin-35 attenuates collagen-induced arthritis through suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 34:71-77. [PMID: 26922678 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of interleukin-35 (IL-35) on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors, Flt-1 and Flk-1, in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS We established a CIA mouse model and injected IL-35 intraperitoneally. The articular index (AI) was measured based on the amount of erythema, swelling, or joint rigidity and synovial histology was measured by hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE staining). The levels of VEGF, Flt-1, Flk-1, and von Willebrand factor (vWF) expression in CIA synovial tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA and protein expression levels of VEGF, Flt-1, Flk-1, TNF-α, and INF-γ were detected by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and western blots, respectively. RESULTS The IL-35 treatment decreased the AI and the synovial histological scores of CIA mice. Immunohistochemistry results revealed that the IL-35 treatment downregulated VEGF, Flt-1, Flk-1, and vWF expression in the CIA mice. RT-PCR results showed that the IL-35-treated mice had lower levels of VEGF, Flt-1, Flk-1, and TNF-α mRNA expression than those of the PBS-treated mice. While there was no significant difference in the level of INF-γ mRNA expression between IL-35-treated and PBS-treated mice. Western blot results showed that the IL-35 treatment downregulated the levels of VEGF, Flt-1, Flk-1, and TNF-α in CIA mice, but the level of INF-γ was not significantly affected. CONCLUSION These findings show that IL-35 may represent a novel therapeutic agent for RA, and the probable mechanisms may rely on inhibiting VEGF and its receptors Flt-1 and Flk-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqin Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, PR China; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Liaoning, Vocational College of Medicine, No. 2 Qiaosong Road, Shenyang 110101, PR China
| | - Yunxia Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Lutian Yao
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery/Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Tiantian Lin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Shenyi Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Liping Xia
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, PR China.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-27, a member of the IL-12 family, has been involved in maternal tolerance to the foetus and successful pregnancy. Growing evidences indicate that IL-27 plays a crucial role in pregnancy. Aim We carried out the present study in order to investigate whether polymorphisms in the IL27 are associated with the risk for CHDs, including atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect. Patients and methods We conducted this case-control study among 247 atrial septal defect patients, 150 ventricular septal defect patients, and 368 healthy controls in a Chinese population using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. RESULTS Significantly increased risk for atrial septal defect (p=0.001, OR=1.490, 95% CI=1.178-1.887) and ventricular septal defect (p=0.004, OR=1.502, 95% CI=1.139-1.976) was observed to be associated with the allele G of rs153109. In a dominant model, we have also observed that increased susceptibilities for atrial septal defect (p<0.01, OR=1.89, 95% CI=1.35-2.63) and ventricular septal defect (p<0.01, OR=2.50, 95% CI=1.67-3.85) were statistically associated with rs153109; however, no association was found between CHD risk and rs17855750 in the IL27 gene. CONCLUSION The 153109 of the IL27 gene may be associated with the susceptibility to CHD, including atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect.
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Li R, Rezk A, Healy LM, Muirhead G, Prat A, Gommerman JL, Bar-Or A. Cytokine-Defined B Cell Responses as Therapeutic Targets in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2016; 6:626. [PMID: 26779181 PMCID: PMC4705194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Important antibody-independent pathogenic roles of B cells are emerging in autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). The contrasting results of different treatments targeting B cells in patients (in spite of predictions of therapeutic benefits from animal models) call for a better understanding of the multiple roles that distinct human B cell responses likely play in MS. In recent years, both murine and human B cells have been identified with distinct functional properties related to their expression of particular cytokines. These have included regulatory (Breg) B cells (secreting interleukin (IL)-10 or IL-35) and pro-inflammatory B cells (secreting tumor necrosis factor α, LTα, IL-6, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor). Better understanding of human cytokine-defined B cell responses is necessary in both health and diseases, such as MS. Investigation of their surface phenotype, distinct functions, and the mechanisms of regulation (both cell intrinsic and cell extrinsic) may help develop effective treatments that are more selective and safe. In this review, we focus on mechanisms by which cytokine-defined B cells contribute to the peripheral immune cascades that are thought to underlie MS relapses, and the impact of B cell-directed therapies on these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Ayman Rezk
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Luke M Healy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Gillian Muirhead
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Université de Montreal , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | | | - Amit Bar-Or
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Experimental Therapeutics Program, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Prins J, van der Hoorn M, Keijser R, Ris-Stalpers C, van Beelen E, Afink G, Claas F, van der Post J, Scherjon S. Higher decidual EBI3 and HLA-G mRNA expression in preeclampsia: Cause or consequence of preeclampsia. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:68-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Song M, Ma X. The Immunobiology of Interleukin-35 and Its Regulation and Gene Expression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 941:213-225. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-0921-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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78
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Regulation and Immune Function of IL-27. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 941:191-211. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-0921-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Meka RR, Venkatesha SH, Dudics S, Acharya B, Moudgil KD. IL-27-induced modulation of autoimmunity and its therapeutic potential. Autoimmun Rev 2015; 14:1131-1141. [PMID: 26253381 PMCID: PMC4628569 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is a new member of the IL-12 family. It is produced by activated antigen-presenting cells and plays an important role in the regulation of CD4+ T cell differentiation and immune response. IL-27 activates multiple signaling cascades, including the JAK-STAT and p38 MAPK pathways. Several studies have revealed that IL-27 promotes the differentiation of Th1 and Tr1, but inhibits Th2, Th17, and Treg cells. However, a few studies have shown an opposite effect on certain T cell subsets, such as Treg. IL-27 displays both pro- and anti- inflammatory activities in different autoimmune diseases. Here, we have discussed the role of IL-27 in rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, colitis, lupus, psoriasis, type 1 diabetes, and uveitis. Most of this information is derived from experimental models of these autoimmune diseases. The mechanistic basis of the dual role of IL-27 in inflammation and autoimmunity is still not fully defined. In general, the pro-/anti-inflammatory activity of IL-27 is influenced by the underlying immune effector pathways, the phase of the disease, the presence or absence of counter-regulatory cytokines/T cell subsets, and the tissue/cell type under study. Despite a spectrum of outcomes in various autoimmune diseases, mostly anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of IL-27 have been observed in this category of diseases. Accordingly, IL-27 represents a novel, promising target/agent for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakeshchandra R. Meka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, HSF-1, Suite 380, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Shivaprasad H. Venkatesha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, HSF-1, Suite 380, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Steven Dudics
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, HSF-1, Suite 380, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Bodhraj Acharya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, HSF-1, Suite 380, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Kamal D. Moudgil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, HSF-1, Suite 380, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Hou YM, Dong J, Liu MY, Yu S. Expression of Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 in cervical cancer: Association with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:330-334. [PMID: 26870212 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) encodes a secretory glycoprotein, and has previously been identified as upregulated in a series of cancers. However, the clinical significance of EBI3 in cervical cancer and the potential of EBI3 as a therapeutic target for this disease have not been elucidated. In the present study, EBI3 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 90 clinicopathologically characterized cervical cancer tissue samples. The association between EBI3 expression and survival of patients with cervical cancer was also analyzed. The expression level of EBI3 in cervical cancer tissues was found to be significantly increased compared with the expression levels in the normal squamous epithelium. In addition, EBI3 expression was significantly correlated with the clinical stage and size of tumors (P<0.05). Furthermore, the presence of EBI3 expression was associated with a poor prognosis compared with patients without EBI3 expression. Multivariate analysis revealed that EBI3 expression was an independent predictor of overall survival (hazard ratio, 4.032; 95% confidence interval, 1.538-7.436; P=0.035). To the best of our knowledge, the present results indicate for the first time that EBI3 expression is significantly associated with the progression and poor prognosis of cervical cancer. EBI3 may be a potential prognostic marker and a therapeutic target in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Mei Hou
- Department of Obstetrics, Jinan Women and Children's Health Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250001, P.R. China
| | - Juan Dong
- Department of Obstetrics, Jinan Women and Children's Health Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250001, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Yuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Jinan Women and Children's Health Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250001, P.R. China
| | - Shan Yu
- Department of Obstetrics, Jinan Women and Children's Health Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250001, P.R. China
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Zhang XH, Zhou Y, Zhang JM, Zhou SY, Wang M, Feng R, Feng FE, Wang QM, Zhu XL, Zhao XS, Lv M, Kong Y, Chang YJ, Huang XJ. IL-35 inhibits acute graft-versus-host disease in a mouse model. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:383-392. [PMID: 26507167 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a serious complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Our previous study found that the novel anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-35 could suppress aGVHD in patients after allo-HSCT. In this study, we used C57BL/6 (B6, H-2b) mice as donors and (B6×DBA/2) F1 (BDF1, H-2b×d) mice as recipients to create a model of aGVHD and explore the relationship between IL-35 and aGVHD. The mice receiving IL-35 survived longer than did the control mice. We observed that treatment with IL-35 and RAPA could reduce the incidence of aGVHD. Additionally, this treatment inhibited intestinal and thymic epithelial cell apoptosis and liver infiltration by the donor T-cells, thereby ameliorating the enteropathy and liver injury caused by aGVHD. We found that IL-35 and RAPA also markedly suppressed TNF-α and IL-17A expression and enhanced IFN-γ expression in the intestine and liver. We measured Tregs in spleen and found that IL-35 and RAPA treatment expanded the number of Tregs in spleen. We found that the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT4 were inhibited in mice with aGVHD. In contrast, STAT1 and STAT4 were phosphorylated when the mice were treated with IL-35. IL-35 may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of aGVHD after allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Min Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Yuan Zhou
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, China
| | - Min Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Ru Feng
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Fer-Er Feng
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Qian-Ming Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Zhu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Su Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Lv
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Kong
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Jun Chang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, China
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Interleukin-27 (IL-27) belongs to the IL-6/IL-12 family of cytokines, associated with different inflammatory diseases and orchestrates its biological activity via common heterodimeric receptor composed of WSX-1 (IL-27Rα) and gp130. The present study was aimed to investigate the regulation of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 chemokines in hepatic cells (human LX-2 cell line derived from normal human stellate cells (HSC), primary human hepatocytes, HSC, and HepG2 cells) and concanavalin A (ConA)-induced liver inflammation. We demonstrated that IL-27, but not IL-6, induced/up-regulated CXCR3 ligand genes (CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11; out of 26 selected genes) in a STAT1-dependent manner in hepatic cells in vitro both at transcript and protein levels. In ConA-induced T cell-mediated hepatic model, we showed that soluble IL-27/IFNγ was elevated following ConA hepatitis in association with increased CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 expression in the liver. The exogenous IL-27 administration induced CXCR3 ligands in mouse liver at 4 h with any significant effect on recruitment of CXCR3(+) immune cells in the liver. The neutralization of IL-27 during ConA hepatitis differentially modulated (transcript vs protein expression) CXCR3 ligands and IFNγ during ConA-induced hepatitis with down-regulated expression of CXCL9 and CXCL10 at transcript level. The IFNγ, complementary regulated the expression of CXCR3 ligands as their up-regulation during ConA hepatitis, was abolished in IFNγ KO mice. In summary, IL-27 up-regulated the CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 chemokine expression in hepatic cells. IL-27 regulated CXCR3 ligand expression in IFNγ-dependent manner during acute hepatitis suggesting a complementary role of IL-27 and IFNγ to moderate liver inflammation via regulation of CXCR3 ligands. KEY MESSAGE IL-27 up-regulated CXCR3 ligand expression in human hepatic cells in vitro. IL-27 up-regulated CXCR3 ligand expression and secretion in ConA hepatitis in vivo. CXCR3 ligand expression was down-regulated by blocking IL-27 or IFNγ deficiency. IL-27 modulated liver injury by regulation of CXCR3 ligands in IFNγ-dependent manner.
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83
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Egwuagu CE, Yu CR, Sun L, Wang R. Interleukin 35: Critical regulator of immunity and lymphocyte-mediated diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:587-93. [PMID: 26279360 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines coordinate the activities of innate and adaptive immune systems and the Interleukin 12 (IL-12) family of cytokines has emerged as critical regulators of immunity in infectious and autoimmune diseases. While some members (IL-12 and IL-23) are associated with the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, others (IL-27 and IL-35) mitigate autoimmune diseases. Unlike IL-12, IL-23 and IL-27 that are produced mainly by antigen presenting cells, IL-35 is predominantly secreted by regulatory B (i35-Bregs) and T (iTR35) cells. The discovery that IL-35 can induce the conversion or expansion of lymphocytes to regulatory B and T cells has considerable implications for therapeutic use of autologous regulatory B and T cells in human diseases. Although our current understanding of the immunobiology of IL-35 or its subunits (p35 and Ebi3) is still rudimentary, our goal in this review is to summarize what we know about this enigmatic cytokine and its potential clinical use, particularly in the treatment of CNS autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Egwuagu
- Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Cheng-Rong Yu
- Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lin Sun
- Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Renxi Wang
- Laboratory of Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
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84
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Pu Y, Chen P, Zhou B, Zhang P, Wang Y, Song Y, Zhang L. Association between polymorphisms in IL27 gene and renal cell carcinoma. Biomarkers 2015; 20:202-5. [PMID: 26161702 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2015.1062555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Interleukin-27 is a new member of the IL-12 family which plays an important role in human carcinogenesis. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether polymorphisms in IL27 contribute to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS These two polymorphisms were genotyped in 329 RCC patients and 386 healthy controls by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS Significantly increased RCC risk was associated the G allele of both rs153109 and rs17855750 (rs153109: p = 0.006, OR = 1.364, 95%CI = 1.095-1.700; rs17855750: p = 0.001, OR = 1.768, 95%CI = 1.245-2.511). CONCLUSION The present study provided evidence that rs153109 and rs17855750 were associated with increased risk for RCC, suggesting an important role IL-27 may play in nephrocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Pu
- a Department of Forensic Biology , West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , P.R. China
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85
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Zhou B, Zhang P, Tang T, Liao H, Zhang K, Pu Y, Chen P, Song Y, Zhang L. Polymorphisms and plasma levels of IL-27: impact on genetic susceptibility and clinical outcome of bladder cancer. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:433. [PMID: 26014498 PMCID: PMC4445811 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-27 (IL-27) has been recognized as a pleiotropic cytokine with both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. Few studies have investigated polymorphisms and serum/plasma levels of IL-27 in diseases including cancers. This study has analyzed the associations of IL-27 gene polymorphisms, as well as plasma levels of IL-27, with susceptibility to bladder cancer and clinical outcome. Methods Three hundred and thirty-two patients (nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC)/muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC): 176/156) included in a 60-month follow-up program and 499 controls were enrolled. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs153109 and rs17855750, were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) -restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Plasma concentration of IL-27 was determined by ELISA in 124 patients (NMIBC/MIBC: 50/74) and 151 controls. Results Significantly increased risk for bladder cancer was associated with AG/GG genotypes of rs153109 (P = 0.029). No GG genotype of rs17855750 was observed in controls, while 4 patients were found to be GG homozygotes, suggesting GG genotype may be associated with bladder cancer risk (P = 0.006). For bladder cancer patients, SNP rs17855750 was also associated with increased risk for MIBC. For MIBC patients, but not NMIBC, TG/GG genotypes of rs17855750 turned out to be a protective factor for overall survival (P = 0.035). Significantly reduced plasma levels of IL-27 were observed in both NMIBC and MIBC patients compared with controls (P < 0.0001). Conclusion Our data suggest that polymorphisms and reduced plasma levels of IL-27 may predict the susceptibility to bladder cancer, and rs17855750 may be a useful marker to distinguish patients with high risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P R China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P R China.
| | - Tielong Tang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P R China.
| | - Hong Liao
- Department of Urology, Institute of oncology, the Second People's Hospital of Sichuan, Chengdu, P R China.
| | - Kui Zhang
- Department of Forensic Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P R China.
| | - Yan Pu
- Department of Forensic Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P R China.
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Forensic Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P R China.
| | - Yaping Song
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P R China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P R China.
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86
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Sawant DV, Hamilton K, Vignali DAA. Interleukin-35: Expanding Its Job Profile. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 35:499-512. [PMID: 25919641 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2015.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Counter-regulation afforded by specialized regulatory cell populations and immunosuppressive cytokines is critical for balancing immune outcome. The inhibitory potential of the established suppressive cytokines, IL-10 and TGFβ, has been well elucidated in diverse inflammatory scenarios in conjunction with their key roles in Treg development and function. Despite the early predictions for an immunomodulatory role for the Ebi3/p35 heterodimer in placental trophoblasts, IL-35 biology remained elusive until 2007 when it was established as a Treg-restricted inhibitory cytokine. Since then, Treg-derived IL-35 has been shown to exhibit its suppressive activities in a range of autoimmune diseases and cancer models. Recent studies are beginning to explore other cellular sources of IL-35, such as Bregs and CD8(+) Tregs. Despite these new cellular sources and targets, the mode of IL-35 suppression remains restricted to inhibition of proliferation and induction of an IL-35-producing induced regulatory T cell population referred to as iTr35. In this review, we explore the early beginnings, status quo, and future prospects of IL-35 biology. The unparalleled opportunity of targeting multiple immunosuppressive populations (Tregs, Bregs, CD8(+) Tregs) through IL-35 is highly exciting and offers tremendous promise from a translational standpoint, particularly for cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali V Sawant
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristia Hamilton
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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87
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Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) polymorphisms and expression are associated with susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2015; 95:497-504. [PMID: 25937126 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem and host genetic factors play a critical role in susceptibility and resistance to TB. The aim of this study was to identify novel candidate genes associated with TB susceptibility. We performed a population-based case-control study to genotype 13 tag SNPs spanning Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3), colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2), IL-4, interferon beta 1 (IFNB1), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 (CXCL14) and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (Myd88) genes in 435 pulmonary TB patients and 375 health donors from China. We observed that EBI3 gene rs4740 polymorphism was associated with susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and the allele G was associated with a protective effect against PTB. Furthermore, EBI3 deficiency led to reduced bacterial burden and histopathological impairment in the lung of mice infected with Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Meanwhile, higher abundance of EBI3 was observed in the granuloma of PTB patients and in the lung tissue of BCG-infected mice. Of note, the expression of EBI3 in macrophages was remarkably induced by mycobacteria infection at both mRNA and protein level. In conclusion, EBI3 gene rs4740 polymorphism is closely associated with susceptibility to PTB and the elevation and enrichment of EBI3 in the lung which at least partially derived from macrophages may contribute to the exacerbation of mycobacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yoshida
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Division of Molecular and Cellular Immunoscience, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga 849-8501, Japan;
| | - Christopher A. Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4539;
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89
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Zhou Y, Zhang H, Li Y. IL-35 expression in peripheral blood CD4(+) T cells from chronic hepatitis B virus-infected patients directly correlates with virus load. Cytokine 2015; 73:169-75. [PMID: 25752977 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 35 (IL-35) functions in an anti-inflammatory fashion by inhibiting T-cell proliferation, whereas CD4(+) T cells play an important role in cellular immunity. In a hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the viral proteins stimulate the immune system to generate antiviral molecules, which correlate to HBV DNA load. We investigated the impact of HBV DNA load on the expression of IL-35 mRNA in CD4(+) T cells, and the expression of IL-35 cytokine in serum of the patients with chronic HBV infection. Here we report that the frequency of circulating CD4(+) T cells correlates with the HBV DNA load in the serum of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. An increased number of CD4(+) T cells were found in those patients with higher levels of HBV DNA. Regulatory T cells (T regs) also showed this trend, but circulating cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) showed a negative correlation with serum HBV DNA load. In addition, significantly more IL-35 mRNA was found in the CD4(+) T cells of CHB patients, compared to healthy controls. Patients in the high viral load group showed increased levels of IL-35 mRNA, compared with those in the low viral load group. The level of IL-35 cytokine in the serum of CHB patients was significantly higher than in the healthy controls and in those infected with HBV, the patients with a higher viral load had more serum IL-35 cytokines, compared to those with a lower viral load. Our study suggests that increased serum IL-35 could be directly related to increased levels of IL-35 mRNA in CD4(+) T cells and HBV DNA load in CHB patients. The possible role of IL-35 as an immune regulator in chronic HBV infection should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, PR China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, PR China
| | - Yumin Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, PR China.
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90
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Nakano S, Morimoto S, Suzuki S, Tsushima H, Yamanaka K, Sekigawa I, Takasaki Y. Immunoregulatory role of IL-35 in T cells of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2015; 54:1498-506. [PMID: 25731770 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE IL-35 is the most recently identified member of the IL-12 family. It consists of EBV-induced gene 3 (EBI3) and IL-12α chain p35. We investigated whether IL-35 enhances the in vitro immunosuppressive function of peripheral blood isolated from patients with RA. METHODS Peripheral blood was harvested from 17 active and 10 inactive RA patients and IL-35 concentrations were quantified using an ELISA. An expression vector containing IL-35 with a FLAG tag at the carboxyl-terminus was constructed by covalently linking EBI3 and IL-12α (p35). The function of IL-35 was then evaluated in a suppression assay using T cells isolated from human RA patients with CD2, CD3 and CD28 antibodies. RESULTS Serum IL-35 levels and the number of Treg were decreased significantly in patients with active RA. There was a significant correlation between serum IL-35 and the 28-joint DAS with ESR (DAS28-ESR) in patients with active RA. IL-35 treatment enhanced the regulatory function, suppressing the levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17 and IFN-γ and the cellular growth of effector T cells stimulated by conjugation with CD2, CD3 and CD28. CONCLUSION These data revealed that IL-35 might suppress T cell activation during the peripheral immune responses of RA. Therefore our data suggest that IL-35 might have multiple therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souichiro Nakano
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo,
| | - Shinji Morimoto
- Institute for Environment and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba and
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo
| | - Hiroshi Tsushima
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo
| | - Kenjiro Yamanaka
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Sasaki Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Iwao Sekigawa
- Institute for Environment and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba and
| | - Yoshinari Takasaki
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo
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91
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Iwasaki Y, Fujio K, Okamura T, Yamamoto K. Interleukin-27 in T cell immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:2851-63. [PMID: 25633106 PMCID: PMC4346869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16022851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-27, a member of IL-12/IL-23 heterodimeric family of cytokines, has pleiotropic properties that can enhance or limit immune responses. IL-27 acts on various cell types, including T cells, B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells and non-hematopoietic cells. Intensive studies have been conducted especially on T cells, revealing that various subsets of T cells respond uniquely to IL-27. IL-27 induces expansion of Th1 cells by activating signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1-mediated T-bet signaling pathway. On the other hand, IL-27 suppresses immune responses through inhibition of the development of T helper (Th) 17 cells and induction of IL-10 production in a STAT1- and STAT3-dependent manner. IL-27 is a potentially promising cytokine for therapeutic approaches on various human diseases. Here, we provide an overview of the biology of IL-27 related to T cell subsets, its structure, and production mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Iwasaki
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Tomohisa Okamura
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
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92
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Abdalla AE, Li Q, Xie L, Xie J. Biology of IL-27 and its role in the host immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:168-75. [PMID: 25561899 PMCID: PMC4279092 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.10464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-27, a heterodimeric cytokine of IL-12 family, regulates both innate and adaptive immunity largely via Jak-Stat signaling. IL-27 can induce IFN-γ and inflammatory mediators from T lymphocytes and innate immune cells. IL-27 has unique anti-inflammatory properties via both Tr1 cells dependent and independent mechanisms. Here the role and biology of IL-27 in innate and adaptive immunity are summarized, with special interest with immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abualgasim Elgaili Abdalla
- 1. Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- 2. Department of Clinical Microbiology, College of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Qiming Li
- 1. Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Longxiang Xie
- 1. Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jianping Xie
- 1. Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
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Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-35, a recently identified cytokine of the IL-12 family, is a potent immunosuppressive cytokine secreted by regulatory T (Treg) cells and the newly reported regulatory B (Breg) cells. IL-35 functions as a crucial immunosuppressive factor in immune-mediated diseases, and the predominant mechanism of suppression is its ability to suppress T cell proliferation and effector functions. The pathogenic processes of the non-cytopathic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection-related liver diseases are immune-mediated, including liver damage and viral control. It has been found that IL-35 is detectable in peripheral CD4(+) T cells in chronic HBV-infected patients, whereas it is undetectable in healthy individuals. There is growing evidence that cytokine-mediated immune responses play a pivotal role in determining the clinical outcome during HBV infection. It is particularly important to investigate the effects of IL-35 in the immunopathogenesis of chronic HBV infection. In this study, the recent understanding of this issue is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Gang Xiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Translational Laboratory of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Reduced IL-35 levels are associated with increased platelet aggregation and activation in patients with acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Ann Hematol 2014; 94:837-45. [PMID: 25512184 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-014-2278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a major complication associated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Interleukin (IL)-35 is a novel anti-inflammatory cytokine that suppresses the immune response. This prospective study explored IL-35 plasma levels in 65 patients after HSCT. The results revealed that the peripheral blood of patients with grades III-IV aGVHD (23.46 ng/ml) had reduced IL-35 compared to transplanted patients with grades I-II aGVHD (40.26 ng/ml, p < 0.01) or patients without aGVHD (41.40 ng/ml, p < 0.05). Allografts, including granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) and G-CSF-primed bone marrow (GBM), from 38 patients were analyzed for IL-35 levels with respect to aGVHD. The patients who received lower levels of IL-35 cells in the GBM (28.0 ng/ml, p = 0.551) or lower levels of IL-35 in PBPC (53.46 ng/ml, p = 0.03) exhibited a higher incidence of aGVHD. Patients with aGVHD have increased platelet aggregation. IL-35 was added to patient blood in vitro, and platelet aggregation was inhibited by IL-35 in a dose-dependent manner. The markers of platelet activation (CD62P/PAC-1) can also be inhibited by IL-35. The results indicate that IL-35 may affect the development of aGVHD by inhibiting platelet activation and aggregation. Our data suggests that IL-35 represents a potentially effective therapeutic agent against aGVHD after allo-HSCT.
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95
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Increased glucocerebrosidase expression and activity in preeclamptic placenta. Placenta 2014; 36:160-9. [PMID: 25552189 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lysosomal glucosidase beta acid (GBA) deficiency is inherent to Gaucher disease, Parkinsonism and Lewy-body dementia. Increased GBA expression has never been associated with human disease. We describe increased GBA expression and activity in placenta from preeclamptic pregnancies. METHODS 112 placenta biopsies were available for qPCR, analysis of GBA gene expression and activity. Microanalysis was performed on 20 placenta samples. Alternatively spliced placental GBA transcripts were cloned, expressed in HEK293 cells and analyzed by Western blot and activity assay. RESULTS GBA is expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast layer of human placenta already at 5 weeks of gestation. We identified five novel GBA transcripts in placenta that enzymatically inactive when expressed in HEK293 cells. Both GBA RNA expression and enzymatic activity are upregulated in preeclamptic placenta. Microarray analysis of 20 placenta tissues identified 158 genes co-regulating with GBA expression and gene enrichment analysis highlights lysosomal function. In our micro-array data GBA expression does not correlate with FLT1 expression, currently the most powerful marker for preeclampsia. There are 89 transcripts that are negatively correlated with GBA expression of which BMP4 and TFEB are interesting as they are essential to early placenta function. DISCUSSION Although very speculative, we hypothesize that increased GBA expression might relate to placentation through decreased BMP4 signaling or vascularization through downregulation of TFEB. Ceramide, the product of hydrolysis of glucosylceramide by GBA and involved in the regulation of cell differentiation, survival and apoptosis, is another putative candidate linking increased GBA activity to preeclampsia. Both pathways merit further investigation.
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96
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Forrester MA, Robertson L, Bayoumi N, Keavney BD, Barker RN, Vickers MA. Human interleukin-27: wide individual variation in plasma levels and complex inter-relationships with interleukin-17A. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 178:373-83. [PMID: 24975574 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is widely believed that interleukin (IL)-27 is anti-inflammatory, its role in controlling human immune responses is not fully established. In particular, its interactions with T helper type 17 (Th)17 cytokines are unclear. Our aims were to establish the relationships between IL-27 and proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-17A, in human sera and cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Plasma IL-27 levels in 879 healthy humans from 163 families varied widely, but with relatively low heritability (19%). Despite IL-27 including a subunit encoded by Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3), there was no correlation of levels with serological evidence of infection with the virus. Although IL-27 has been reported to inhibit IL-17A production, we demonstrated a strong positive correlation in sera, but lower correlations of IL-27 with other proinflammatory cytokines. We verified that IL-27 inhibited IL-17A production by human peripheral blood T cells in vitro, but not that it stimulated IL-10 secretion. Importantly, addition of IL-17A decreased IL-27 production by stimulated T cells but had the opposite effect on resting T cells. Together, these data suggest a model whereby IL-27 and IL-17A exerts complex reciprocal effects to boost inflammatory responses, but restrain resting cells to prevent inappropriate activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Forrester
- Immunity, Infection and Inflammation, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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97
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Schröder J, Moll JM, Baran P, Grötzinger J, Scheller J, Floss DM. Non-canonical interleukin 23 receptor complex assembly: p40 protein recruits interleukin 12 receptor β1 via site II and induces p19/interleukin 23 receptor interaction via site III. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:359-70. [PMID: 25371211 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.617597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-23, composed of the cytokine subunit p19 and the soluble α receptor subunit p40, binds to a receptor complex consisting of the IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) and the IL-12 receptor β1 (IL-12Rβ1). Complex formation was hypothesized to follow the "site I-II-III" architectural paradigm, with site I of p19 being required for binding to p40, whereas sites II and III of p19 mediate binding to IL-12Rβ1 and IL-23R, respectively. Here we show that the binding mode of p19 to p40 and of p19 to IL-23R follow the canonical site I and III paradigm but that interaction of IL-23 to IL-12Rβ1 is independent of site II in p19. Instead, binding of IL-23 to the cytokine binding module of IL-12Rβ1 is mediated by domains 1 and 2 of p40 via corresponding site II amino acids of IL-12Rβ1. Moreover, domains 2 and 3 of p40 were sufficient for complex formation with p19 and to induce binding of p19 to IL-23R. The Fc-tagged fusion protein of p40_D2D3/p19 did, however, not act as a competitive IL-23 antagonist but, at higher concentrations, induced proliferation via IL-23R but independent of IL-12Rβ1. On the basis of our experimental validation, we propose a non-canonical topology of the IL-23·IL-23R·IL-12Rβ1 complex. Furthermore, our data help to explain why p40 is an antagonist of IL-23 and IL-12 signaling and show that site II of p19 is dispensable for IL-23 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Schröder
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and
| | - Jens M Moll
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and
| | - Paul Baran
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and
| | - Joachim Grötzinger
- the Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Christian Albrechts University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and
| | - Doreen M Floss
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and
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98
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Decreased interleukin 35 and CD4+EBI3+ T cells in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Med Sci 2014; 348:156-61. [PMID: 25054737 DOI: 10.1097/maj.0000000000000215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin 35 (IL-35) is likely to contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases, as the Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene protein 3 (EBI3) is the specificity subunit of IL-35. Nevertheless, until recently, no studies have evaluated its role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in humans. The objective of this study was to investigate the serum IL-35 level and the percentage of CD4EBI3 T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with SLE and explore the roles of double-positive T cells and IL-35 in the pathogenesis of SLE and the effects of glucocorticoid on these roles. METHODS Fifty-five hospitalized patients with SLE were recruited, and 20 volunteers were enrolled as healthy controls. Serum IL-35 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the percentage of CD4EBI3 T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS The serum IL-35 level and the percentage of CD4EBI3 T cells were significantly decreased in patients with active SLE compared with healthy controls and patients with inactive SLE. The serum IL-35 level and the percentage of CD4EBI3 T cells were negatively correlated with the SLE disease activity index. The percentages of CD4EBI3 T cells and serum IL-35 levels in 10 untreated patients with active SLE were increased at days l, 3, and 7 after the treatment with methylprednisolone (0.8 mg·kg·d) compared with the percentages before the treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that abnormalities in IL-35 and CD4EBI3 T cells may play important roles in the pathogenesis of SLE; the percentage of double-positive T cells and the level of IL-35 are parameters for the evaluation of SLE activity and severity.
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99
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Tang YJ, Wang JL, Nong LG, Lan CG, Zha ZG, Liao PH. Associations of IL-27 polymorphisms and serum IL-27p28 levels with osteosarcoma risk. Medicine (Baltimore) 2014; 93:e56. [PMID: 25170932 PMCID: PMC4616331 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-27 is a novel cytokine secreted by stimulation of antigen-presenting cells. No previous studies currently reported the role of IL-27 in the carcinogenesis of osteosarcoma. We aimed to investigate the association of IL-27 polymorphisms and serum IL-27p28 with osteosarcoma risk in a Chinese population.One hundred and sixty osteosarcoma patients and 250 health controls were selected. IL-27 gene -964 A/G, 2905 T/G, and 4730 T/C polymorphisms were determined by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect serum IL-27p28 levels.The serum IL-27p28 levels were significantly lower in osteosarcoma patients compared with those in controls (P < 0.01). Serum IL-27p28 levels in stages III-IV were lower than those in stages I-II of osteosarcoma (P < 0.05); similar results were also found in patients with metastasis, that is, patients with metastasis have higher IL-27p28 levels than those without metastasis (P < 0.05). There were no associations between genotype and allele frequencies of IL-27 -964 A/G, 2905 T/G, 4730 T/C, and the risk of osteosarcoma (P > 0.05). Stratification analysis also failed to show the associations between -964 A/G, 2905 T/G, and 4730 T/C polymorphisms and the clinical stage and metastasis of osteosarcoma (P > 0.05). Three possible haplotypes (ATT, GTT, and GGC) were identified, but no associations were found between them and the osteosarcoma risk (P > 0.05).This study indicates that the lower serum IL-27p28 levels may be associated with development and progression of osteosarcoma, but IL-27 gene -964 A/G, 2905 T/G, and 4730 T/C polymorphisms and their haplotypes are not associated with osteosarcoma risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Tang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou (Y-JT, Z-GZ, P-HL); Center of Clinical Laboratory (Y-JT, C-GL, P-HL); and Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities (J-LW, L-GN), Baise, Guangxi, China
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100
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Dietrich C, Candon S, Ruemmele FM, Devergne O. A soluble form of IL-27Rα is a natural IL-27 antagonist. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:5382-9. [PMID: 24771852 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-27 is a cytokine of the IL-12 family that plays a key role in the regulation of inflammatory and T cell responses. Its receptor is composed of IL-27Rα and gp130 and activates the STAT pathway. We show in this study, using an ELISA that we developed, that a naturally occurring soluble form of IL-27Rα (sIL-27Rα) is produced by human activated CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, B cells, myeloid cells, and various cell lines. sIL-27Rα is present at a mean concentration of 10,344 ± 1,274 pg/ml in the sera from healthy individuals. Biochemical studies showed that sIL-27Rα is released as two N-glycosylated variants of ∼ 90 and ∼ 70 kDa. In IL-27Rα-transfected COS7 cells, primary cells, and cell lines, production of sIL-27Rα is inhibited by the metalloprotease inhibitors GM6001 and TAPI-0. Importantly, natural sIL-27Rα binds rIL-27, inhibits IL-27 binding to its cell surface receptor, and is a potent inhibitor of IL-27 signaling, as shown by its ability to specifically block IL-27-mediated STAT activation, at low molar excess over IL-27. Also, we found that serum levels of sIL-27Rα were elevated in patients with Crohn's disease, a Th1-mediated disease. These findings suggest that sIL-27Rα may play important immunoregulatory functions under normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Dietrich
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8147, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75 015 Paris, France; Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8253, 75 015 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Candon
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8253, 75 015 Paris, France; INSERM U1013, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75 015 Paris, France; and
| | - Frank M Ruemmele
- Service de Gastroentérologie Pédiatrique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75 015 Paris, France
| | - Odile Devergne
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8147, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75 015 Paris, France; Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8253, 75 015 Paris, France;
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