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Farina M, Aschner M. Glutathione antioxidant system and methylmercury-induced neurotoxicity: An intriguing interplay. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:129285. [PMID: 30659883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a toxic chemical compound naturally produced mainly in the aquatic environment through the methylation of inorganic mercury catalyzed by aquatic microorganisms. MeHg is biomagnified in the aquatic food chain and, consequently, piscivorous fish at the top of the food chain possess huge amounts of MeHg (at the ppm level). Some populations that have fish as main protein's source can be exposed to exceedingly high levels of MeHg and develop signs of toxicity. MeHg is toxic to several organs, but the central nervous system (CNS) represents a preferential target, especially during development (prenatal and early postnatal periods). Though the biochemical events involved in MeHg-(neuro)toxicity are not yet entirely comprehended, a vast literature indicates that its pro-oxidative properties explain, at least partially, several of its neurotoxic effects. As result of its electrophilicity, MeHg interacts with (and oxidize) nucleophilic groups, such as thiols and selenols, present in proteins or low-molecular weight molecules. It is noteworthy that such interactions modify the redox state of these groups and, therefore, lead to oxidative stress and impaired function of several molecules, culminating in neurotoxicity. Among these molecules, glutathione (GSH; a major thiol antioxidant) and thiol- or selenol-containing enzymes belonging to the GSH antioxidant system represent key molecular targets involved in MeHg-neurotoxicity. In this review, we firstly present a general overview concerning the neurotoxicity of MeHg. Then, we present fundamental aspects of the GSH-antioxidant system, as well as the effects of MeHg on this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Farina
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
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52
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Foo CHJ, Pervaiz S. gRASping the redox lever to modulate cancer cell fate signaling. Redox Biol 2019; 25:101094. [PMID: 30638892 PMCID: PMC6859584 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.101094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
RAS proteins are critical regulators of signaling networks controlling diverse cellular functions such as cell proliferation and survival and its mutation are among the most powerful oncogenic drivers in human cancers. Despite intense efforts, direct RAS-targeting strategies remain elusive due to its "undruggable" nature. To that end, bulk of the research efforts has been directed towards targeting upstream and/or downstream of RAS signaling. However, the therapeutic efficacies of these treatments are limited in the long run due to the acquired drug resistance in RAS-driven cancers. Interestingly, recent studies have uncovered a potential role of RAS in redox-regulation as well as the interplay between ROS and RAS-associated signaling networks during process of cancer initiation and progression. More specifically, these studies provide ample evidence to implicate RAS as a redox-rheostat, manipulating ROS levels to provide a redox-milieu conducive for carcinogenesis. Importantly, the understanding of RAS-ROS interplay could provide us with novel targetable vulnerabilities for designing therapeutic strategies. In this review, we provide a brief summary of the advances in the field to illustrate the dual role of RAS in redox-regulation and its implications in RAS signaling outcomes and also emerging redox-based strategies to target RAS-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Han Jonathan Foo
- Department of Physiology, YLL School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore; NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, NUS, Singapore
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, YLL School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore; Medical Science Cluster Cancer Program, YLL School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore; NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, NUS, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, NUHS, Singapore.
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53
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Yang WK, Chiang LF, Tan SW, Chen PJ. Environmentally relevant concentrations of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate exposure alter larval growth and locomotion in medaka fish via multiple pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:512-522. [PMID: 29864665 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is a commonly used plasticizer, with evidence of ubiquitous human exposure and widespread occurrence in the aquatic environment. It is an emerging environmental pollutant with regulatory priority; however, most studies have focused on the toxicity of DEHP related to endocrine disruption and reproduction in mammals. The ecotoxicological impact of phthalates (e.g., DEHP) on early life stages of fish under environmentally relevant concentrations of chronic exposure remains unclear. In this study, 7-day post-hatching fry of medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) underwent 21-day continuous exposure to DEHP solutions at 20, 100 and 200 μg/L to assess the effects on fish development and locomotion and related toxic mechanisms. Larval mortality was low with DEHP (20-200 μg/L) within 21 days, but such exposure significantly reduced fish body weight and length and altered swimming behavior. At 21 days, DEHP exposure resulted in specific patterns of larval locomotion (e.g., increased maximum velocity and absolute turn angle) and dose-dependently increased the mRNA expression of acetylcholinesterase (ache) but did not alter AChE activity. Transcriptional expression of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase and peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor and retinoid X receptor genes was significantly suppressed with 21-day DEHP exposure (20-200 μg/L), with marginal alteration in reactive oxygen species levels and antioxidant activities within the dosing period. As well, DEHP altered the mRNA expression of p53-regulated apoptosis pathways, such as upregulated p53, p21 and bcl-2 and downregulated caspase-3 expression, with increased enzymatic activity of caspase-3 in larvae. Our results suggest that toxic mechanisms of waterborne DEHP altered fish growth and locomotion likely via a combined effect of oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and apoptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Kai Yang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fen Chiang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Wei Tan
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jen Chen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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Peters KM, Carlson BA, Gladyshev VN, Tsuji PA. Selenoproteins in colon cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 127:14-25. [PMID: 29793041 PMCID: PMC6168369 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Selenocysteine-containing proteins (selenoproteins) have been implicated in the regulation of various cell signaling pathways, many of which are linked to colorectal malignancies. In this in-depth excurse into the selenoprotein literature, we review possible roles for human selenoproteins in colorectal cancer, focusing on the typical hallmarks of cancer cells and their tumor-enabling characteristics. Human genome studies of single nucleotide polymorphisms in various genes coding for selenoproteins have revealed potential involvement of glutathione peroxidases, thioredoxin reductases, and other proteins. Cell culture studies with targeted down-regulation of selenoproteins and studies utilizing knockout/transgenic animal models have helped elucidate the potential roles of individual selenoproteins in this malignancy. Those selenoproteins, for which strong links to development or progression of colorectal cancer have been described, may be potential future targets for clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Peters
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, Towson University, 8000 York Rd, Towson, MD 21252, United States.
| | - Bradley A Carlson
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Dept. of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Petra A Tsuji
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, Towson University, 8000 York Rd, Towson, MD 21252, United States.
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55
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Kocaturk NM, Gozuacik D. Crosstalk Between Mammalian Autophagy and the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:128. [PMID: 30333975 PMCID: PMC6175981 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) are the two major intracellular quality control and recycling mechanisms that are responsible for cellular homeostasis in eukaryotes. Ubiquitylation is utilized as a degradation signal by both systems, yet, different mechanisms are in play. The UPS is responsible for the degradation of short-lived proteins and soluble misfolded proteins whereas autophagy eliminates long-lived proteins, insoluble protein aggregates and even whole organelles (e.g., mitochondria, peroxisomes) and intracellular parasites (e.g., bacteria). Both the UPS and selective autophagy recognize their targets through their ubiquitin tags. In addition to an indirect connection between the two systems through ubiquitylated proteins, recent data indicate the presence of connections and reciprocal regulation mechanisms between these degradation pathways. In this review, we summarize these direct and indirect interactions and crosstalks between autophagy and the UPS, and their implications for cellular stress responses and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Mehpare Kocaturk
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Devrim Gozuacik
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
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56
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Sun Y, Zhang J, Song W, Shan A. Vitamin E alleviates phoxim-induced toxic effects on intestinal oxidative stress, barrier function, and morphological changes in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:26682-26692. [PMID: 30003487 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2666-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phoxim is an organic phosphorus pesticide that remains easily in the environment, such as human food and animal feed. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of vitamin E on phoxim-induced oxidative stress in the intestinal tissues of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a control group and three treatment groups: treatment group 1 (phoxim: 20 mg/kg·BW), treatment group 2 (phoxim: 180 mg/kg·BW), and treatment 3 (vitamin E + phoxim: 200 mg/kg·BW + 180 mg/kg·BW). Phoxim was given by gavage administration once a day for 28 days. The results showed that phoxim significantly reduced jejunum villus height in rats (P < 0.05), and decreased the mRNA expression of junction protein genes of rats, including Occlidin and Claudin-4 (P < 0.05). Phoxim reduced GSH content and T-AOC level in the intestinal mucosa (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of oxidative stress-related genes (Nrf2 and GPx2) were decreased. The mRNA expression of SOD was significantly increased. In addition, phoxim increased the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in jejunum mucosa and significantly reduced the level of IL-8 in ileum mucosas, while significantly increased TNF-α secretion. The mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 were significantly decreased, and mRNA expression of TNF-α was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Phoxim also increased the DNA expression of total cecal bacteria and Escherichia coli, inhibited the DNA expression of Lactobacillus and destroyed the intestinal barrier. Two hundred milligrams per kilogram BW vitamin E reduced the effect of phoxim on intestinal structure, alleviated the oxidative stress in intestinal tissue, and decreased the level of TNF-α. The mRNA expressions of antioxidative stress genes (SOD and GPx2) were significantly increased. The DNA expression level of Lactobacillus was significantly increased. In conclusion, vitamin E helped reduce the toxicity of organophosphate pesticides, such as phoxim on rat intestinal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuecheng Sun
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Song
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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57
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Raghunath A, Sundarraj K, Nagarajan R, Arfuso F, Bian J, Kumar AP, Sethi G, Perumal E. Antioxidant response elements: Discovery, classes, regulation and potential applications. Redox Biol 2018; 17:297-314. [PMID: 29775961 PMCID: PMC6007815 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to antioxidants and xenobiotics triggers the expression of a myriad of genes encoding antioxidant proteins, detoxifying enzymes, and xenobiotic transporters to offer protection against oxidative stress. This articulated universal mechanism is regulated through the cis-acting elements in an array of Nrf2 target genes called antioxidant response elements (AREs), which play a critical role in redox homeostasis. Though the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE system involves many players, AREs hold the key in transcriptional regulation of cytoprotective genes. ARE-mediated reporter constructs have been widely used, including xenobiotics profiling and Nrf2 activator screening. The complexity of AREs is brought by the presence of other regulatory elements within the AREs. The diversity in the ARE sequences not only bring regulatory selectivity of diverse transcription factors, but also confer functional complexity in the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway. The different transcription factors either homodimerize or heterodimerize to bind the AREs. Depending on the nature of partners, they may activate or suppress the transcription. Attention is required for deeper mechanistic understanding of ARE-mediated gene regulation. The computational methods of identification and analysis of AREs are still in their infancy. Investigations are required to know whether epigenetics mechanism plays a role in the regulation of genes mediated through AREs. The polymorphisms in the AREs leading to oxidative stress related diseases are warranted. A thorough understanding of AREs will pave the way for the development of therapeutic agents against cancer, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, metabolic and other diseases with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhwar Raghunath
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Kiruthika Sundarraj
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Raju Nagarajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jinsong Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alan P Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600 Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; Medical Science Cluster, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600 Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ekambaram Perumal
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamilnadu, India.
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58
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Finamore A, Ambra R, Nobili F, Garaguso I, Raguzzini A, Serafini M. Redox Role of Lactobacillus casei Shirota Against the Cellular Damage Induced by 2,2'-Azobis (2-Amidinopropane) Dihydrochloride-Induced Oxidative and Inflammatory Stress in Enterocytes-Like Epithelial Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1131. [PMID: 29881384 PMCID: PMC5976738 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In western societies where most of the day is spent in the postprandial state, the existence of oxidative and inflammatory stress conditions makes postprandial stress an important factor involved in the development of cardiovascular risk factors. A large body of evidence have been accumulated on the anti-inflammatory effects of probiotics, but no information is available on the mechanisms through which intestinal microbiota modulates redox unbalance associated with inflammatory stress. Here, we aimed to investigate the ability of Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LS) to induce an antioxidant response to counteract oxidative and inflammatory stress in an in vitro model of enterocytes. Our results show that pretreatment of enterocytes with LS prevents membrane barrier disruption and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation inside the cells, modulates the expression of the gastro-intestinal glutathione peroxidase (GPX2) antioxidant enzyme, and reduces p65 phosphorylation, supporting the involvement of the Nfr2 and nuclear factor kappa B pathways in the activation of antioxidant cellular defenses by probiotics. These results suggest, for the first time, a redox mechanism by LS in protecting intestinal cells from AAPH-induced oxidative and inflammatory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Finamore
- Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Ambra
- Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Nobili
- Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivana Garaguso
- Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Raguzzini
- Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Serafini
- Functional Foods and Metabolic Stress Prevention Laboratory, Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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59
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Zhang J, Jiao Q, Kong L, Yu J, Fang A, Li M, Yu J. Nrf2 and Keap1 abnormalities in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and association with the effect of chemoradiotherapy. Thorac Cancer 2018; 9:726-735. [PMID: 29675925 PMCID: PMC5983206 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Keap1-Nrf2 pathway is a key antioxidant and redox signaling cascade. Pathway abnormalities enhance the reactive oxygen species scavenging ability of cancer cells; thus the pathway is involved in carcinogenesis and resistance to chemoradiotherapy (CRT). This retrospective study was conducted to examine the status of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and to analyze its prognostic value in patients receiving CRT. METHODS Nrf2 and Keap1 expression were immunohistochemically examined in 152 ESCC and 31 normal esophageal mucosae. All ESCC specimens were obtained from patients with locally advanced ESCC who underwent CRT. RESULTS Strong staining of nuclear and cytoplasmic Nrf2 and limited or absent Keap1 expression was uncommon in normal tissues, but frequently observed in ESCC. Interaction between Nrf2 and Keap1 in normal mucosae is negatively correlated, while in tumors there is no negative correlation, indicating that there is little to no interaction between Nrf2 and Keap1 in ESCC. Positive Nrf2 expression in the nucleus was of diagnostic value for predicting ESCC from normal esophageal mucosae, and was significantly associated with poorer clinical response and poor progression-free survival after CRT. The value of Keap1 expression for diagnosis and predicting CRT outcomes was marginal. These different influences of Keap1 and Nrf2 on ESCC indicated that the signaling of this pathway was disturbed and displayed a Keap1-independent pattern. CONCLUSION Aberrant signaling via the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway was common in ESCC and was associated with response and survival after CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingze Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qinghua Jiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li Kong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Jiaotong Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Aiju Fang
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Jiaotong Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Minghuan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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60
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Matoušková P, Hanousková B, Skálová L. MicroRNAs as Potential Regulators of Glutathione Peroxidases Expression and Their Role in Obesity and Related Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041199. [PMID: 29662007 PMCID: PMC5979329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) belong to the eight-member family of phylogenetically related enzymes with different cellular localization, but distinct antioxidant function. Several GPxs are important selenoproteins. Dysregulated GPx expression is connected with severe pathologies, including obesity and diabetes. We performed a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis using the programs miRDB, miRanda, TargetScan, and Diana in the search for hypothetical microRNAs targeting 3′untranslated regions (3´UTR) of GPxs. We cross-referenced the literature for possible intersections between our results and available reports on identified microRNAs, with a special focus on the microRNAs related to oxidative stress, obesity, and related pathologies. We identified many microRNAs with an association with oxidative stress and obesity as putative regulators of GPxs. In particular, miR-185-5p was predicted by a larger number of programs to target six GPxs and thus could play the role as their master regulator. This microRNA was altered by selenium deficiency and can play a role as a feedback control of selenoproteins’ expression. Through the bioinformatics analysis we revealed the potential connection of microRNAs, GPxs, obesity, and other redox imbalance related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Matoušková
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Hanousková
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Skálová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Russell AB, Trapnell C, Bloom JD. Extreme heterogeneity of influenza virus infection in single cells. eLife 2018; 7:e32303. [PMID: 29451492 PMCID: PMC5826275 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infection can dramatically alter a cell's transcriptome. However, these changes have mostly been studied by bulk measurements on many cells. Here we use single-cell mRNA sequencing to examine the transcriptional consequences of influenza virus infection. We find extremely wide cell-to-cell variation in the productivity of viral transcription - viral transcripts comprise less than a percent of total mRNA in many infected cells, but a few cells derive over half their mRNA from virus. Some infected cells fail to express at least one viral gene, but this gene absence only partially explains variation in viral transcriptional load. Despite variation in viral load, the relative abundances of viral mRNAs are fairly consistent across infected cells. Activation of innate immune pathways is rare, but some cellular genes co-vary in abundance with the amount of viral mRNA. Overall, our results highlight the complexity of viral infection at the level of single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair B Russell
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology ProgramFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Cole Trapnell
- Department of Genome SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Jesse D Bloom
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology ProgramFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
- Department of Genome SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
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62
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Izuta Y, Imada T, Hisamura R, Oonishi E, Nakamura S, Inagaki E, Ito M, Soga T, Tsubota K. Ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate mimics calorie restriction via the Nrf2 activator, fumarate, in the retina. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12699. [PMID: 29119686 PMCID: PMC5770878 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) being the most robust dietary intervention provides various health benefits. D-3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), a major physiological ketone, has been proposed as an important endogenous molecule for CR. To investigate the role of 3HB in CR, we investigated potential shared mechanisms underlying increased retinal 3HB induced by CR and exogenously applied 3HB without CR to protect against ischemic retinal degeneration. The repeated elevation of retinal 3HB, with or without CR, suppressed retinal degeneration. Metabolomic analysis showed that the antioxidant pentose phosphate pathway and its limiting enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), were concomitantly preserved. Importantly, the upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a regulator of G6PD, and elevation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle's Nrf2 activator, fumarate, were also shared. Together, our findings suggest that CR provides retinal antioxidative defense by 3HB through the antioxidant Nrf2 pathway via modification of a tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate during 3HB metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Izuta
- Department of OphthalmologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Toshihiro Imada
- Department of OphthalmologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Ryuji Hisamura
- Department of OphthalmologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Erina Oonishi
- Department of OphthalmologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Shigeru Nakamura
- Department of OphthalmologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Emi Inagaki
- Department of OphthalmologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Masataka Ito
- Department of Developmental Anatomy and Regenerative BiologyNational Defense Medical CollegeTokorozawaJapan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced BiosciencesKeio UniversityTsuruokaJapan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of OphthalmologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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Förster N, Mewis I, Glatt H, Haack M, Brigelius-Flohé R, Schreiner M, Ulrichs C. Characteristic single glucosinolates from Moringa oleifera: Induction of detoxifying enzymes and lack of genotoxic activity in various model systems. Food Funct 2018; 7:4660-4674. [PMID: 27775133 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01231k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Leaves of Moringa oleifera are used by tribes as biological cancer medicine. Scientific investigations with M. oleifera conducted so far have almost exclusively used total plant extracts. Studies on the activity of single compounds are missing. Therefore, the biological effects of the two main aromatic multi-glycosylated glucosinolates of M. oleifera were investigated in the present study. The cytotoxic effects of M. oleifera glucosinolates were identified for HepG2 cells (NRU assay), for V79-MZ cells (HPRT assay, SCE assay), and for two Salmonella typhimurium strains (Ames test). Genotoxic effects of these glucosinolates were not observed (Ames test, HPRT assay, and SCE assay). Reporter gene assays revealed a significant increase in the ARE-dependent promoter activity of NQO1 and GPx2 indicating an activation of the Nrf2 pathway by M. oleifera glucosinolates. Since both enzymes can also be induced via activation of the AhR, plasmids containing promoters of both enzymes mutated in the respective binding sites (pGL3enh-hNQO1-ARE, pGL3enh-hNQO1-XRE, pGL3bas-hGPX2-mutARE, pGL3bas-hGPX2-mutXRE) were transfected. Analyses revealed that the majority of the stimulating effects was mediated by the ARE motif, whereas the XRE motif played only a minor role. The stimulating effects of M. oleifera glucosinolates could be demonstrated both at the transcriptional (reporter gene assay, real time-PCR) and translational levels (enzyme activity) making them interesting compounds for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Förster
- Division Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lentzeallee 55-57, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Inga Mewis
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn-Institute, Königin-Luise-Straße 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hansruedi Glatt
- Former Department of Nutritional Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany and Department of Food Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Haack
- Former Department of Biochemistry of Micronutrients, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Regina Brigelius-Flohé
- Former Department of Biochemistry of Micronutrients, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Department of Plant Quality, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Christian Ulrichs
- Division Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lentzeallee 55-57, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Mi Je EM, An CH, Yoo NJ, Lee SH. Mutational and Expressional Analyses of NRF2 and KEAP1 in Sarcomas. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 98:510-5. [DOI: 10.1177/030089161209800417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Aims and background Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) activates expression of cytoprotective proteins such as GCLC and enhances cancer cell survival, whereas KEAP1 inhibits NRF2 by mediating NRF2 degradation. Somatic mutation of NRF2 and KEAP1 genes and loss of KEAP1 expression are detected in many carcinomas and contribute to cancer development. The aim of this study was to see whether mutational and expressional alterations of NRF2 and KEAP1 genes are features of human sarcomas as well. Methods We analyzed somatic mutations of NRF2 and KEAP1 genes in 108 sarcoma tissues from malignant fibrous histiocytomas, rhabdomyosarcomas, osteosarcomas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, leiomyosarcomas, synovial sarcomas, liposarcomas, angiosarcomas, chondrosarcomas and Ewing sarcomas by single-strand conformation polymorphism. Also, we analyzed expressions of NRF2, KEAP1 and GCLC in sarcoma tissues by immunohistochemistry. Results Tissue expressions of NRF2 and GCLC were found in 93% and 76% of the sarcomas, respectively, indicating that NRF2 signaling might be activated in most sarcomas. Loss of KEAP1 expression was observed in 24% of the sarcomas, whereas neither NRF2 nor KEAP1 somatic gene mutation was seen in the sarcomas. Conclusions Our data suggest a possible activation of the NRF2/KEAP1 system in sarcomas and a possible contribution to cytopretection of sarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Mi Je
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Hyeok An
- Departments of General Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Jin Yoo
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sug Hyung Lee
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Departments of Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Anti-cancer effects of curcumin on lung cancer through the inhibition of EZH2 and NOTCH1. Oncotarget 2018; 7:26535-50. [PMID: 27049834 PMCID: PMC5041997 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is potentially therapeutic for malignant diseases. The mechanisms of this effect might involve a combination of antioxidant, immunomodulatory, proapoptotic, and antiangiogenic activities. However, the exact mechanisms are not fully understood. In the present study, we provided evidences that curcumin suppressed the expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in lung cancer cells both transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally. Curcumin inhibited the expression of EZH2 through microRNA (miR)-let 7c and miR-101. Curcumin decreased the expression of NOTCH1 through the inhibition of EZH2. There was a reciprocal regulation between EZH2 and NOTCH1 in lung cancer cells. These observations suggest that curcumin inhibits lung cancer growth and metastasis at least partly through the inhibition of EZH2 and NOTCH1.
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Oxidative Stress, Selenium Redox Systems Including GPX/TXNRD Families. MOLECULAR AND INTEGRATIVE TOXICOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95390-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Shah AJ, Prasanth Kumar S, Rao MV, Pandya HA. Ameliorative effects of curcumin towards cyclosporine-induced genotoxic potential: an in vitro and in silico study. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017; 41:259-269. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2017.1380660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita J. Shah
- Department of Zoology, Human Genetics and Biomedical Technology, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Sivakumar Prasanth Kumar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Applied Botany Centre, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Mandava V. Rao
- Department of Zoology, Human Genetics and Biomedical Technology, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Himanshu A. Pandya
- Department of Bioinformatics, Applied Botany Centre, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
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Bubb KJ, Birgisdottir AB, Tang O, Hansen T, Figtree GA. Redox modification of caveolar proteins in the cardiovascular system- role in cellular signalling and disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 109:61-74. [PMID: 28188926 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and coordinated release of a variety of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide (O2.-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and peroxynitrite, in specific microdomains, play a crucial role in cell signalling in the cardiovascular system. These reactions are mediated by reversible and functional modifications of a wide variety of key proteins. Dysregulation of this oxidative signalling occurs in almost all forms of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including at the very early phases. Despite the heavily publicized failure of "antioxidants" to improve CVD progression, pharmacotherapies such as those targeting the renin-angiotensin system, or statins, exert at least part of their large clinical benefit via modulating cellular redox signalling. Over 250 proteins, including receptors, ion channels and pumps, and signalling proteins are found in the caveolae. An increasing proportion of these are being recognized as redox regulated-proteins, that reside in the immediate vicinity of the two major cellular sources of ROS, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (Nox) and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). This review focuses on what is known about redox signalling within the caveolae, as well as endogenous protective mechanisms utilized by the cell, and new approaches to targeting dysregulated redox signalling in the caveolae as a therapeutic strategy in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen J Bubb
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and Cardiology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Asa Birna Birgisdottir
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and Cardiology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart and Lung Clinic, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Owen Tang
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and Cardiology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and Cardiology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Gemma A Figtree
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and Cardiology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
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Jeddi F, Soozangar N, Sadeghi MR, Somi MH, Samadi N. Contradictory roles of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in cancer prevention/promotion and chemoresistance. DNA Repair (Amst) 2017; 54:13-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Bartenbacher S, Östreicher C, Pischetsrieder M. Profiling of antioxidative enzyme expression induced by various food components using targeted proteome analysis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Bartenbacher
- Food Chemistry Unit; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Emil Fischer Center; Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Erlangen Germany
| | - Christiane Östreicher
- Food Chemistry Unit; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Emil Fischer Center; Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Erlangen Germany
| | - Monika Pischetsrieder
- Food Chemistry Unit; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Emil Fischer Center; Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Erlangen Germany
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Hosur V, Burzenski LM, Stearns TM, Farley ML, Sundberg JP, Wiles MV, Shultz LD. Early induction of NRF2 antioxidant pathway by RHBDF2 mediates rapid cutaneous wound healing. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 102:337-346. [PMID: 28268192 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rhomboid family protein RHBDF2, an upstream regulator of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor signaling, has been implicated in cutaneous wound healing. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still emerging. In humans, a gain-of-function mutation in the RHBDF2 gene accelerates cutaneous wound healing in an EGFR-dependent manner. Likewise, a gain-of-function mutation in the mouse Rhbdf2 gene (Rhbdf2cub/cub) shows a regenerative phenotype (rapid ear-hole closure) resulting from constitutive activation of the EGFR pathway. Because the RHBDF2-regulated EGFR pathway is relevant to cutaneous wound healing in humans, we used Rhbdf2cub/cub mice to investigate the biological networks and pathways leading to accelerated ear-hole closure, with the goal of identifying therapeutic targets potentially effective in promoting wound healing in humans. Comparative transcriptome analysis of ear pinna tissue from Rhbdf2cub/cub and Rhbdf2+/+ mice at 0h, 15min, 2h, and 24h post-wounding revealed an early induction of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-mediated anti-oxidative pathway (0h and 15min), followed by the integrin-receptor aggregation pathway (2h) as early-stage events immediately and shortly after wounding in Rhbdf2cub/cub mice. Additionally, we observed genes enriched for the Fc fragment of the IgG receptor IIIa (FCGR3A)-mediated phagocytosis pathway 24h post-wounding. Although cutaneous wound repair in healthy individuals is generally non-problematic, it can be severely impaired due to aging, diabetes, and chronic inflammation. This study suggests that activation of the NRF2-antioxidant pathway by rhomboid protein RHBDF2 might be beneficial in treating chronic non-healing wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Hosur
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, United States.
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Ramos-Ibeas P, Barandalla M, Colleoni S, Lazzari G. Pyruvate antioxidant roles in human fibroblasts and embryonic stem cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 429:137-150. [PMID: 28247212 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-2942-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been related to multiple diseases, especially during early embryonic development, when environmental alterations can lead to long-term deleterious effects. In vitro studies of oxidative stress have been mainly focused on somatic cells, but embryonic stem cells (ESCs) represent a promising model of early embryonic development as they are the in vitro equivalent to pluripotent cells in the embryo. Human fibroblasts and ESCs were exposed to different pro-oxidant agents (hydrogen peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), and rotenone) and antioxidants (sodium pyruvate, N-acetylcysteine, Trolox, and sodium selenite) during a 72 h oxidative stress treatment. Then, cell viability, oxidative stress, mitochondrial activity, and gene expression were analyzed, focusing on the antioxidant effect of pyruvate. Pyruvate protected both somatic and pluripotent cells against different pro-oxidant agents, showing strong ROS scavenging capacity, protecting mitochondrial membrane potential, and regulating gene expression and cell metabolism through different mechanisms in fibroblasts and ESCs. In fibroblasts, pyruvate avoided NFKβ nuclear translocation and the upregulation of genes related to the oxidative stress response, while in ESCs pyruvate stimulated the expression of genes involved in anaerobic glycolysis. Fibroblasts and ESCs reacted in different ways to oxidative stress and antioxidant treatment, and pyruvate was the most complete antioxidant, protecting both cell types at different levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Barandalla
- Avantea, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, 26100, Cremona, Italy
| | - Silvia Colleoni
- Avantea, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, 26100, Cremona, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lazzari
- Avantea, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, 26100, Cremona, Italy
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Cheng YT, Lu CC, Yen GC. Phytochemicals enhance antioxidant enzyme expression to protect against NSAID-induced oxidative damage of the gastrointestinal mucosa. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 27883262 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa provides the first protective barrier for digested food and xenobiotics, which are easily attacked by toxic substances. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including aspirin, diclofenac, indomethacin, and ketoprofen, are widely used in clinical medicine, but these drugs may cause oxidative stress, leading to GI damage such as ulcers. Lansoprazol, omeprazole, and other clinical drugs are widely used to treat duodenal and gastric ulcers and have been shown to have multiple biological functions, such as antioxidant activity and the ability to upregulate antioxidant enzymes in vivo. Therefore, the reduction of oxidative stress may be an effective curative strategy for preventing and treating nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug induced ulcers of the GI mucosa. Phytochemicals, such as dietary phenolic compounds, phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, flavonoids, gingerols, carotenes, and organosulfur, are common antioxidants in fruits, vegetables, and beverages. A large amount of evidence has demonstrated that natural phytochemicals possess bioactivity and potential health benefits, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial benefits, and they can prevent digestive disease processes. In this review, we summarize the literature on phytochemicals with biological effects, such as angiogenic, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antiulceration effects, and their related mechanisms are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Cheng
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Gow-Chin Yen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Rodrigo R, Trujillo S, Bosco C. Biochemical and Ultrastructural Lung Damage Induced by Rhabdomyolysis in the Rat. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 231:1430-8. [PMID: 16946412 DOI: 10.1177/153537020623100817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyolysis-induced oxidative stress is associated with morphological and functional damage to the kidney and other organs, but applications of this model in the lung are still lacking. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between oxidative stress and the morphological changes occurring in the lungs of rats subjected to rhabdomyolysis. Rhabdomyolysis was induced by intramuscular glycerol injection (50% v/v, 10 ml/kg), and the control group was injected with saline vehicle. Arterial blood samples were drawn at 0, 2, 4, and 6 hrs for measurement of arterial gases, creatine kinase activity, and plasma free F2-isoprostane levels. Six hours later, the lungs were removed to determine the wet-to-dry weight ratio, reduced glutathione (GSH) and GSH disulfide (GSSG) levels, and activity of antioxidant enzymes (cataiase [CAT], superoxide dismutase [SOD], and GSH peroxidase [GSH-Px]). Protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation were assessed in the lungs by measurement of carbonyl and malondialdehyde (MDA) production, respectively. Bronchoalveolar lavage, cell counts, and lung ultrastructural studies were also performed. Six hours after glycerol injection, arterial PO2 and PCO2 were 23% and 38% lower, respectively, and plasma free F2-isoprostane levels were 72% higher, compared with control values. In lungs, protein carbonyl and MDA production were 58% and 12% higher, respectively; the GSH:GSSG ratio and GSH-Px activity were 43% and 60% lower, respectively; and activities of CAT and SOD showed no significant differences compared with controls. Rhabdomyolysis-induced ultrastructural impairment of the lung showed Type II cell damage, extracytoplasmic lamellar bodies and lack of tubular myelin reorganization, endothelial cellular edema, and no disruption of the alveolar-capillary barrier. These results provide evidence that rhabdomyolysis could induce tissue injury associated with increased oxidative stress, suggesting the contribution of oxidative stress to the pathogenic mechanism of acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Rodrigo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla 70058, Santiago 7, Chile.
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Wolf B, Goebel G, Hackl H, Fiegl H. Reduced mRNA expression levels of NFE2L2 are associated with poor outcome in breast cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:821. [PMID: 27770790 PMCID: PMC5075160 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2; previously known as NRF2) is a crucial regulator of the intracellular antioxidant response. It controls the expression of genes involved in the detoxification and elimination of reactive oxidants and electrophilic agents. The role of NFE2L2 in cancer is subject of controversial discussion, as it has been reported to have both pro-and anti-tumourigenic functions. To shed some light on this paradox, we analysed the NFE2L2 mRNA expression levels in breast cancer and its association with clinicopathological features and survival. Methods We retrospectively evaluated the NFE2L2 mRNA expression levels in tumour tissue of two independent breast cancer patient cohorts. In the training set we analysed data from the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC). In the test set we measured the NFE2L2 mRNA expression levels in 176 breast tumour tissues by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Group differences were analysed using Mann–Whitney U-test, and associations between NFE2L2 mRNA expression levels and clinicopathological features were examined by means of univariate and multivariate survival analyses. Furthermore, we compared NFE2L2 mRNA expression levels between tumour and normal breast tissue samples by means of 108 paired samples from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Results In the training set we identified an independent predictive value for high NFE2L2 mRNA expression levels [HRdisease specific death 0.8 (0.6–1.0), P = 0.041; HRdeath 0.8 (0.6–1.0), P = 0.023] especially in the subgroup of oestrogen receptor (ER) positive tumours [HRdisease specific death 0.6 (0.4–0.9), P = 0.008; HRdeath 0.6 (0.4–0.8), P = 0.001]. Similarly, we found this association also in the test set [HRrelapse 0.4 (0.2–0.9), P = 0.031] and again, more pronounced in patients with ER positive tumours [HRrelapse 0.2 (0.1–0.7), P = 0.012]. In addition, we observed generally lower NFE2L2 expression levels in tumour tissues than in normal breast tissues. Conclusion We concluded that reduced NFE2L2 mRNA expression in tumour tissues is an independent predictor of shortened survival in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Wolf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Goebel
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heidi Fiegl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Yin TF, Wang M, Qing Y, Lin YM, Wu D. Research progress on chemopreventive effects of phytochemicals on colorectal cancer and their mechanisms. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:7058-7068. [PMID: 27610016 PMCID: PMC4988307 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i31.7058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a type of cancer with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide and has become a global health problem. The conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy regimen for CRC not only has a low cure rate but also causes side effects. Many studies have shown that adequate intake of fruits and vegetables in the diet may have a protective effect on CRC occurrence, possibly due to the special biological protective effect of the phytochemicals in these foods. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that phytochemicals play strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer roles by regulating specific signaling pathways and molecular markers to inhibit the occurrence and development of CRC. This review summarizes the progress on CRC prevention using the phytochemicals sulforaphane, curcumin and resveratrol, and elaborates on the specific underlying mechanisms. Thus, we believe that phytochemicals might provide a novel therapeutic approach for CRC prevention, but future clinical studies are needed to confirm the specific preventive effect of phytochemicals on cancer.
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Roles of catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the tolerance of a pulmonate gastropod to anoxia and reoxygenation. J Comp Physiol B 2016; 186:553-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-016-0982-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Katsuyama Y, Tsuboi T, Taira N, Yoshioka M, Masaki H. 3-O-Laurylglyceryl ascorbate activates the intracellular antioxidant system through the contribution of PPAR-γ and Nrf2. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 82:189-96. [PMID: 26976686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ascorbic acid (AsA) has multifunctional effects on physiology and aging including the prevention and improvement of skin pigmentation and wrinkles. AsA has scavenging effects against various types of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are initiators of aging and premature aging of the skin. However, AsA not only has a quite unstable characteristic, but also has low skin penetration. In addition, existing water-soluble AsA derivatives are not effective to improve its penetration of the skin. OBJECTIVE To investigate the antioxidant effect of a newly synthesized amphipathic derivative of AsA, 3-O-laurylglyceryl ascorbate (VC-3LG), in which a laurylglyceryl group was introduced into AsA. METHODS Intracellular ROS levels in keratinocytes were evaluated using the 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFHDA) assay. Real-time PCR was used to investigate the mechanism of the antioxidant effect of VC-3LG. RESULTS Although VC-3LG had less ability to scavenge ROS compared to AsA, it elicited a superior reduction of intracellular ROS levels, with or without extracellular stimuli such as exposure to H2O2 or UVB. The results show that VC-3LG up-regulates the expression of mRNAs encoding peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which in turn up-regulate the levels of mRNAs encoding γ-glutamyl cysteine synthase (γ-GCS), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1). Furthermore, the Nrf2 mRNA level is down-regulated in siPPAR-γ treated cells, and the effects of VC-3LG on PPAR-γ and Nrf2 mRNA levels are reduced by PPAR-γ knockdown. CONCLUSION Taken together, we conclude that VC-3LG has an antioxidant effect and scavenges ROS directly as well as stimulating intracellular antioxidants such as GSH through the PPAR-γ and Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Katsuyama
- Seiwa Kasei Co., Ltd., 1-2-14, Nunoichicho, Higashiosaka, Osaka 579-8004, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Tsuboi
- Seiwa Kasei Co., Ltd., 1-2-14, Nunoichicho, Higashiosaka, Osaka 579-8004, Japan
| | - Norihisa Taira
- Seiwa Kasei Co., Ltd., 1-2-14, Nunoichicho, Higashiosaka, Osaka 579-8004, Japan
| | - Masato Yoshioka
- Seiwa Kasei Co., Ltd., 1-2-14, Nunoichicho, Higashiosaka, Osaka 579-8004, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Masaki
- Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1, Katakuracho, Hachiouji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
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Lei XG, Zhu JH, Cheng WH, Bao Y, Ho YS, Reddi AR, Holmgren A, Arnér ESJ. Paradoxical Roles of Antioxidant Enzymes: Basic Mechanisms and Health Implications. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:307-64. [PMID: 26681794 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00010.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated from aerobic metabolism, as a result of accidental electron leakage as well as regulated enzymatic processes. Because ROS/RNS can induce oxidative injury and act in redox signaling, enzymes metabolizing them will inherently promote either health or disease, depending on the physiological context. It is thus misleading to consider conventionally called antioxidant enzymes to be largely, if not exclusively, health protective. Because such a notion is nonetheless common, we herein attempt to rationalize why this simplistic view should be avoided. First we give an updated summary of physiological phenotypes triggered in mouse models of overexpression or knockout of major antioxidant enzymes. Subsequently, we focus on a series of striking cases that demonstrate "paradoxical" outcomes, i.e., increased fitness upon deletion of antioxidant enzymes or disease triggered by their overexpression. We elaborate mechanisms by which these phenotypes are mediated via chemical, biological, and metabolic interactions of the antioxidant enzymes with their substrates, downstream events, and cellular context. Furthermore, we propose that novel treatments of antioxidant enzyme-related human diseases may be enabled by deliberate targeting of dual roles of the pertaining enzymes. We also discuss the potential of "antioxidant" nutrients and phytochemicals, via regulating the expression or function of antioxidant enzymes, in preventing, treating, or aggravating chronic diseases. We conclude that "paradoxical" roles of antioxidant enzymes in physiology, health, and disease derive from sophisticated molecular mechanisms of redox biology and metabolic homeostasis. Simply viewing antioxidant enzymes as always being beneficial is not only conceptually misleading but also clinically hazardous if such notions underpin medical treatment protocols based on modulation of redox pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gen Lei
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jian-Hong Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wen-Hsing Cheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yongping Bao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ye-Shih Ho
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amit R Reddi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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80
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Esatbeyoglu T, Ulbrich K, Rehberg C, Rohn S, Rimbach G. Thermal stability, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin and its degradation product 4-vinyl guaiacol. Food Funct 2016; 6:887-93. [PMID: 25619943 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00790e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is a secondary plant metabolite present in Curcuma longa L. Since curcumin is widely used as a food colorant in thermally processed food it may undergo substantial chemical changes which in turn could affect its biological activity. In the current study, curcumin was roasted at 180 °C up to 70 minutes and its kinetic of degradation was analyzed by means of HPLC-PDA and LC-MS, respectively. Roasting of curcumin resulted in the formation of the degradation products vanillin, ferulic acid, and 4-vinyl guaiacol. In cultured hepatocytes roasted curcumin as well as 4-vinyl guaiacol enhanced the transactivation of the redox-regulated transcription factor Nrf2, known to be centrally involved in cellular stress response and antioxidant defense mechanisms. The antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase 1 was induced by roasted curcumin and 4-vinyl guaiacol. Furthermore, roasted curcumin and 4-vinyl guaiacol decreased interleukin-6 gene expression in lipopolysaccharide stimulated murine macrophages. Current data suggest that curcumin undergoes degradation due to roasting and its degradation product exhibit significant biological activity in cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Germany.
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81
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De Spirt S, Eckers A, Wehrend C, Micoogullari M, Sies H, Stahl W, Steinbrenner H. Interplay between the chalcone cardamonin and selenium in the biosynthesis of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant enzymes in intestinal Caco-2 cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 91:164-71. [PMID: 26698667 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Selenoenzymes and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-regulated phase II enzymes comprise key components of the cellular redox and antioxidant systems, which show multiple interrelations. Deficiency of the micronutrient selenium (Se) and impaired biosynthesis of selenoproteins have been reported to result in induction of Nrf2 target genes. Conversely, transcription of the selenoenzymes glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPx2) and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) is up-regulated upon Nrf2 activation. Here, we have studied the interplay between Se and the secondary plant metabolite cardamonin, an Nrf2-activating chalcone, in the regulation of Nrf2-controlled antioxidant enzymes. Se-deficient and Se-repleted (sodium selenite-supplemented) human intestinal Caco-2 cells were exposed to cardamonin. Uptake of cardamonin by the Caco-2 cells was independent of their Se status. Cardamonin strongly induced gene expression of GPx2 and TrxR1. However, cardamonin treatment did not result in elevated GPx or TrxR activity and protein levels, possibly relating to a concomitant down-regulation of O-phosphoseryl-tRNA(Sec) kinase (PSTK), an enzyme involved in translation of selenoprotein mRNAs. On the other hand, induction of the Nrf2-regulated enzyme heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) by cardamonin was diminished in Se-replete compared to Se-deficient cells. Our findings suggest that cardamonin interferes with the biosynthesis of Nrf2-regulated selenoenzymes, in contrast to the Nrf2-activating isothiocyanate compound sulforaphane, which has been shown earlier to synergize with Se-mediated cytoprotection. Conversely, the cellular Se status apparently affects the cardamonin-mediated induction of non-selenoprotein antioxidant enzymes such as HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke De Spirt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Eckers
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carina Wehrend
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mustafa Micoogullari
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Helmut Sies
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany; College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wilhelm Stahl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Steinbrenner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutrigenomics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.
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82
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Myers CR. Enhanced targeting of mitochondrial peroxide defense by the combined use of thiosemicarbazones and inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 91:81-92. [PMID: 26686468 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin-3 (Prx3) accounts for about 90% of mitochondrial peroxidase activity, and its marked upregulation in many cancers is important for cell survival. Prx3 oxidation can critically alter peroxide signaling and defense and can be a seminal event in promoting cell death. Here it is shown that this mechanism can be exploited pharmacologically by combinations of clinically available drugs that compromise Prx3 function in different ways. Clinically relevant levels of the thiosemicarbazone iron chelators triapine (Tp) and 2,2'-Dipyridyl-N,N-dimethylsemicarbazone (Dp44mT) promote selective oxidation of mitochondrial Prx3, but not cytosolic Prx1, in multiple human lung and ovarian cancer lines. Decreased cell survival closely correlates with Prx3 oxidation. However, Prx3 oxidation is not merely an indicator of cell death as cytotoxic concentrations of cisplatin do not cause Prx3 oxidation. The siRNA-mediated suppression of either Prx3 or thioredoxin-2, which supports Prx3, enhances Tp's cytotoxicity. Tp-mediated Prx3 oxidation is driven by enhanced peroxide generation, but not by nitric oxide. Many tumors overexpress thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) which supports Prx activity. Direct inhibitors of TrxR (e.g. auranofin, cisplatin) markedly enhanced Tp's cytotoxicity, and auranofin enhanced Prx3 oxidation by low dose Tp. Together, these results support an important role for Prx3 oxidation in the cytotoxicity of Tp, and demonstrate that TrxR inhibitors can significantly enhance Tp's cytotoxicity. Thiosemicarbazone-based regimens could prove effective for targeting Prx3 in a variety of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Myers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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83
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van der Merwe JD, de Beer D, Joubert E, Gelderblom WCA. Short-Term and Sub-Chronic Dietary Exposure to Aspalathin-Enriched Green Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) Extract Affects Rat Liver Function and Antioxidant Status. Molecules 2015; 20:22674-90. [PMID: 26694346 PMCID: PMC6332203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
An aspalathin-enriched green rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) extract (GRE) was fed to male Fischer rats in two independent studies for 28 and 90 days. The average dietary total polyphenol (TP) intake was 75.6 and 62.7 mg Gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/kg body weight (bw)/day over 28 and 90 days, respectively, equaling human equivalent doses (HEDs) of 12.3 and 10.2 GAE mg/kg bw/day. Aspalathin intake of 29.5 mg/kg bw/day represents a HED of 4.8 mg/kg bw/day (90 day study). Consumption of GRE increased feed intake significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the control after 90 days, but no effect on body and organ weight parameters was observed. GRE significantly (p < 0.05) reduced serum total cholesterol and iron levels, whilst significantly (p < 0.05) increasing alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity after 90 days. Endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity in the liver, i.e., catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, was not adversely affected. Glutathione reductase activity significantly (p < 0.05) increased after 28 days, while glutathione (GSH) content was decreased after 90 days, suggesting an altered glutathione redox cycle. Quantitative Real Time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis showed altered expression of certain antioxidant defense and oxidative stress related genes, indicative, among others, of an underlying oxidative stress related to changes in the GSH redox pathway and possible biliary dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Debora van der Merwe
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch) 7602, South Africa.
| | - Dalene de Beer
- Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa.
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch) 7602, South Africa.
- Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa.
| | - Wentzel C A Gelderblom
- Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P. O. Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch) 7602, South Africa.
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84
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Hermes-Lima M, Moreira DC, Rivera-Ingraham GA, Giraud-Billoud M, Genaro-Mattos TC, Campos ÉG. Preparation for oxidative stress under hypoxia and metabolic depression: Revisiting the proposal two decades later. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:1122-43. [PMID: 26408245 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.07.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Organisms that tolerate wide variations in oxygen availability, especially to hypoxia, usually face harsh environmental conditions during their lives. Such conditions include, for example, lack of food and/or water, low or high temperatures, and reduced oxygen availability. In contrast to an expected strong suppression of protein synthesis, a great number of these animals present increased levels of antioxidant defenses during oxygen deprivation. These observations have puzzled researchers for more than 20 years. Initially, two predominant ideas seemed to be irreconcilable: on one hand, hypoxia would decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, while on the other the induction of antioxidant enzymes would require the overproduction of ROS. This induction of antioxidant enzymes during hypoxia was viewed as a way to prepare animals for oxidative damage that may happen ultimately during reoxygenation. The term "preparation for oxidative stress" (POS) was coined in 1998 based on such premise. However, there are many cases of increased oxidative damage in several hypoxia-tolerant organisms under hypoxia. In addition, over the years, the idea of an assured decrease in ROS formation under hypoxia was challenged. Instead, several findings indicate that the production of ROS actually increases in response to hypoxia. Recently, it became possible to provide a comprehensive explanation for the induction of antioxidant enzymes under hypoxia. The supporting evidence and the limitations of the POS idea are extensively explored in this review as we discuss results from research on estivation and situations of low oxygen stress, such as hypoxia, freezing exposure, severe dehydration, and air exposure of water-breathing animals. We propose that, under some level of oxygen deprivation, ROS are overproduced and induce changes leading to hypoxic biochemical responses. These responses would occur mainly through the activation of specific transcription factors (FoxO, Nrf2, HIF-1, NF-κB, and p53) and post translational mechanisms, both mechanisms leading to enhanced antioxidant defenses. Moreover, reactive nitrogen species are candidate modulators of ROS generation in this scenario. We conclude by drawing out the future perspectives in this field of research, and how advances in the knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the POS strategy will offer new and innovative study scenarios of biological and physiological cellular responses to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Hermes-Lima
- Laboratório de Radicais Livres, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasí;lia, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Daniel C Moreira
- Laboratório de Radicais Livres, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasí;lia, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Georgina A Rivera-Ingraham
- Groupe Fonctionnel AEO (Adaptation Ecophysiologique et Ontogenèse), UMR 9190 MARBEC, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Maximiliano Giraud-Billoud
- Laboratorio de Fisiología (IHEM-CONICET), and Instituto de Fisiología (Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo), Casilla de Correo 33, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Thiago C Genaro-Mattos
- Laboratório de Radicais Livres, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasí;lia, DF, 70910-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massa, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasí;lia, DF, Brazil
| | - Élida G Campos
- Laboratório de Radicais Livres, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasí;lia, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
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85
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Tebay LE, Robertson H, Durant ST, Vitale SR, Penning TM, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Hayes JD. Mechanisms of activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 by redox stressors, nutrient cues, and energy status and the pathways through which it attenuates degenerative disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:108-146. [PMID: 26122708 PMCID: PMC4659505 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 604] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates the basal and stress-inducible expression of a battery of genes encoding key components of the glutathione-based and thioredoxin-based antioxidant systems, as well as aldo-keto reductase, glutathione S-transferase, and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 drug-metabolizing isoenzymes along with multidrug-resistance-associated efflux pumps. It therefore plays a pivotal role in both intrinsic resistance and cellular adaptation to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and xenobiotics. Activation of Nrf2 can, however, serve as a double-edged sword because some of the genes it induces may contribute to chemical carcinogenesis by promoting futile redox cycling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites or confer resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs by increasing the expression of efflux pumps, suggesting its cytoprotective effects will vary in a context-specific fashion. In addition to cytoprotection, Nrf2 also controls genes involved in intermediary metabolism, positively regulating those involved in NADPH generation, purine biosynthesis, and the β-oxidation of fatty acids, while suppressing those involved in lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. Nrf2 is subject to regulation at multiple levels. Its ability to orchestrate adaptation to oxidants and electrophiles is due principally to stress-stimulated modification of thiols within one of its repressors, the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), which is present in the cullin-3 RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL) complex CRLKeap1. Thus modification of Cys residues in Keap1 blocks CRLKeap1 activity, allowing newly translated Nrf2 to accumulate rapidly and induce its target genes. The ability of Keap1 to repress Nrf2 can be attenuated by p62/sequestosome-1 in a mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-dependent manner, thereby allowing refeeding after fasting to increase Nrf2-target gene expression. In parallel with repression by Keap1, Nrf2 is also repressed by β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP), present in the Skp1-cullin-1-F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligase complex SCFβ-TrCP. The ability of SCFβ-TrCP to suppress Nrf2 activity is itself enhanced by prior phosphorylation of the transcription factor by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) through formation of a DSGIS-containing phosphodegron. However, formation of the phosphodegron in Nrf2 by GSK-3 is inhibited by stimuli that activate protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt. In particular, PKB/Akt activity can be increased by phosphoinositide 3-kinase and mTORC2, thereby providing an explanation of why antioxidant-responsive element-driven genes are induced by growth factors and nutrients. Thus Nrf2 activity is tightly controlled via CRLKeap1 and SCFβ-TrCP by oxidative stress and energy-based signals, allowing it to mediate adaptive responses that restore redox homeostasis and modulate intermediary metabolism. Based on the fact that Nrf2 influences multiple biochemical pathways in both positive and negative ways, it is likely its dose-response curve, in terms of susceptibility to certain degenerative disease, is U-shaped. Specifically, too little Nrf2 activity will lead to loss of cytoprotection, diminished antioxidant capacity, and lowered β-oxidation of fatty acids, while conversely also exhibiting heightened sensitivity to ROS-based signaling that involves receptor tyrosine kinases and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1. By contrast, too much Nrf2 activity disturbs the homeostatic balance in favor of reduction, and so may have deleterious consequences including overproduction of reduced glutathione and NADPH, the blunting of ROS-based signal transduction, epithelial cell hyperplasia, and failure of certain cell types to differentiate correctly. We discuss the basis of a putative U-shaped Nrf2 dose-response curve in terms of potentially competing processes relevant to different stages of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Tebay
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Holly Robertson
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Stephen T Durant
- AstraZeneca Oncology Innovative Medicines, Bioscience, 33F197 Mereside, Alderley Park, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Steven R Vitale
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
| | - Trevor M Penning
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - John D Hayes
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK.
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86
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Cebula M, Schmidt EE, Arnér ESJ. TrxR1 as a potent regulator of the Nrf2-Keap1 response system. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:823-53. [PMID: 26058897 PMCID: PMC4589110 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE All cells must maintain a balance between oxidants and reductants, while allowing for fluctuations in redox states triggered by signaling, altered metabolic flow, or extracellular stimuli. Furthermore, they must be able to rapidly sense and react to various challenges that would disrupt the redox homeostasis. RECENT ADVANCES Many studies have identified Keap1 as a key sensor for oxidative or electrophilic stress, with modification of Keap1 by oxidation or electrophiles triggering Nrf2-mediated transcriptional induction of enzymes supporting reductive and detoxification pathways. However, additional mechanisms for Nrf2 regulation are likely to exist upstream of, or in parallel with, Keap1. CRITICAL ISSUES Here, we propose that the mammalian selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) is a potent regulator of Nrf2. A high chemical reactivity of TrxR1 and its vital role for the thioredoxin (Trx) system distinguishes TrxR1 as a prime target for electrophilic challenges. Chemical modification of the selenocysteine (Sec) in TrxR1 by electrophiles leads to rapid inhibition of thioredoxin disulfide reductase activity, often combined with induction of NADPH oxidase activity of the derivatized enzyme, thereby affecting many downstream redox pathways. The notion of TrxR1 as a regulator of Nrf2 is supported by many publications on effects in human cells of selenium deficiency, oxidative stress or electrophile exposure, as well as the phenotypes of genetic mouse models. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Investigation of the role of TrxR1 as a regulator of Nrf2 activation will facilitate further studies of redox control in diverse cells and tissues of mammals, and possibly also in animals of other classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Cebula
- 1 Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edward E Schmidt
- 2 Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University , Bozeman, Montana
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- 1 Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
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87
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Zheng H, Nong Z, Lu G. Correlation Between Nuclear Factor E2-Related Factor 2 Expression and Gastric Cancer Progression. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:2893-9. [PMID: 26410168 PMCID: PMC4590579 DOI: 10.12659/msm.894467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an anti-oxidative and phase II detoxification function via its up-regulation on various antioxidant response elements (ARE) genes. Nrf2 can protect both normal and cancer cells from damages of cell stress, thereby exerting a critical role in the development of cancer. The expression and significance of Nrf2 in gastric cancer, however, has not been reported. This study thus aimed to investigate the expression of Nrf2 in gastric cancer tissues via immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Material/Methods Gastric carcinoma tissues from a total of 175 patients during surgical resection were examined for Nfr2 expression profiles using IHC staining on paraffin-embedded slides. Between-group-comparisons were performed by chi-square, Fisher’s exact, or Mann-Whitney U test. The correlation between Nfr2 expression and clinical indexes was further analyzed by Kaplan-Meier test, univariate/multivariate analysis, and log-rank test. Results Nrf2 is mainly expressed in nuclei of gastric carcinoma tissues, with significant correlation with clinical indexes, including tumor size, invasive depth, lymph node metastasis, and invasion. Patients with Nrf2-positive expression had significantly lower survival rates compared to those in the negative group (p<0.01), with chemo-resistance against 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (p<0.05). Conclusions Nrf2 expression is positively correlated with invasive gastric cancer, suggesting its utility as a predictive index for unfavorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiwei Nong
- Department of Ultrasound, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Guohao Lu
- Department of Emergency, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
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88
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Kim JM, Ko H, Kim SJ, Shim SH, Ha CH, Chang HI. Chemopreventive Properties of Genipin on AGS Cell Line via Induction of JNK/Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2015; 30:45-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jee Min Kim
- College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology; Korea University, Seongbuk-gu; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Ko
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center; Dankook University College of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Joong Kim
- College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology; Korea University, Seongbuk-gu; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Shim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine; Korea University, Seongbuk-gu; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Ha
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Ihl Chang
- College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology; Korea University, Seongbuk-gu; Seoul Republic of Korea
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89
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Hiller F, Besselt K, Deubel S, Brigelius-Flohé R, Kipp AP. GPx2 Induction Is Mediated Through STAT Transcription Factors During Acute Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:2078-89. [PMID: 26115075 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPx2) is highly expressed in the gastrointestinal epithelium. During inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, GPx2 expression is enhanced. METHODS We analyzed GPx2 expression and transcriptional regulation during the different phases of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and in cytokine-treated colorectal cancer cells. RESULTS In the colon of DSS-treated mice, GPx2 was upregulated during the acute and recovery phase. In the latter, it was specifically localized in regenerating ki67-positive crypts next to ulcerations. In cultured cells, endogenous GPx2 expression and GPx2 promoter activity were enhanced by the anti-inflammatory mediators 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) and interleukin-22 (IL-22), while it was unaffected by classical proinflammatory cytokines like IL-1β. Induction of GPx2 expression by 15d-PGJ2 was mediated through Nrf2. In contrast, in DSS-treated Nrf2-KO mice GPx2 expression remained upregulated during recovery, which appeared to be independent of Nrf2. IL-22 activates transcription factors of the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) family. Therefore, we analyzed the GPx2 promoter for putative STAT-responsive elements and identified 4 of them. Point mutation of the binding element next to the transcription start completely abolished promoter activation after IL-22 treatment and after cotransfection of STAT expression plasmids. To show in vivo relevance of the obtained results, we performed immunohistochemistry for phospho-STAT3 and GPx2. Especially during acute colitis, GPx2 and nuclear STAT3 colocalized in inflamed areas. CONCLUSIONS GPx2 is a novel target of STAT transcription factors. The upregulation of GPx2 by IL-22 indicates that GPx2 might be important for the resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Hiller
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam, Germany
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90
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Wang J, Shanmugam A, Markand S, Zorrilla E, Ganapathy V, Smith SB. Sigma 1 receptor regulates the oxidative stress response in primary retinal Müller glial cells via NRF2 signaling and system xc(-), the Na(+)-independent glutamate-cystine exchanger. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 86:25-36. [PMID: 25920363 PMCID: PMC4554890 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress figures prominently in retinal diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. Ligands for σ1R, a unique transmembrane protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and nuclear and plasma membranes, have profound retinal neuroprotective properties in vitro and in vivo. Studies to determine the mechanism of σ1R-mediated retinal neuroprotection have focused mainly on neurons. Little is known about the effects of σ1R on Müller cell function, yet these radial glial cells are essential for homeostatic support of the retina. Here we investigated whether σ1R mediates the oxidative stress response of Müller cells using wild-type (WT) and σ1R-knockout (σ1RKO) mice. We observed increased endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in σ1RKO Müller cells compared to WT, which was accompanied by decreased expression of Sod1, catalase, Nqo1, Hmox1, Gstm6, and Gpx1. The protein levels of SOD1, CAT, NQO1, and GPX1 were also significantly decreased. The genes encoding these antioxidants contain an antioxidant response element (ARE), which under stress is activated by NRF2, a transcription factor that typically resides in the cytoplasm bound by KEAP1. In the σ1RKO Müller cells Nrf2 expression was decreased significantly at the gene (and protein) level, whereas Keap1 gene (and protein) levels were markedly increased. NRF2-ARE binding affinity was decreased markedly in σ1RKO Müller cells. We investigated system xc(-), the cystine-glutamate exchanger important for synthesis of glutathione (GSH), and observed decreased function in σ1RKO Müller cells compared to WT as well as decreased GSH and GSH/GSSG ratios. This was accompanied by decreased gene and protein levels of xCT, the unique component of system xc(-). We conclude that Müller glial cells lacking σ1R manifest elevated ROS, perturbation of antioxidant balance, suppression of NRF2 signaling, and impaired function of system xc(-). The data suggest that the oxidative stress-mediating function of retinal Müller glial cells may be compromised in the absence of σ1R. The neuroprotective role of σ1R may be linked directly to the oxidative stress-mediating properties of supportive glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-2000, USA; James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta, GA 30912-2000, USA
| | - Arul Shanmugam
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-2000, USA; James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta, GA 30912-2000, USA
| | - Shanu Markand
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-2000, USA; James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta, GA 30912-2000, USA
| | - Eric Zorrilla
- Harold L. Dorris Neurological Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta, GA 30912-2000, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-2000, USA
| | - Sylvia B Smith
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-2000, USA; James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta, GA 30912-2000, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912-2000, USA.
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91
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Bao J, Li J, Li D, Li Z. Correlation between expression of NF-E2-related factor 2 and progression of gastric cancer. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:13235-13242. [PMID: 26550248 PMCID: PMC4612933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a part in antioxidant and phase II detoxification enzymes in cells by the up regulation of many antioxidant response elements (ARE) related gene transcription. Nrf2 not only protect the normal cells, but also can protect cancer cells from the effect of cell stress, which is helpful to the survival of cancer cell. Some studies show that the expression of Nrf2 has important clinical significance in cancer patients, but the analysis of gastrointestinal tumor Nrf2 comprehensive expression has not been reported. The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of Nrf2 in gastric cancer by immunohistochemistry and analyze its related clinical significance. METHODS 180 cases of gastric cancer patients receive the gastrectomy and lymphadenectomy, and the resection of tissue is expressesd in paraffin embedded sections by immunohistochemical analysis of Nrf2. And the difference between groups use χ(2) (chi-square criterion) test, and will be analyzed by Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U test. Use univariate and multivariate analysis, Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank to test and evaluate the correlation between the expression of Nrf2 and the clinical pathological features. RESULTS The immune reaction of Nrf2 is mainly found in gastric cancer cell nucleus, which positive expression is closely related to the tumor size, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion and histological analysis (all P<0.05). The log-rank test shows that the survival rate of Nrf2 positive expression group is significantly lower than that of the negative expression group (P<0.01). The Nrf2 positive expression is closely related to the drug resistance of adjuvant chemotherapy on the basis of 5FU (P=0.022). CONCLUSION There is a positive correlation between the expression of Nrf2 and the invasion of gastric cancer, which can be used as a potential indicator of patients' poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Bao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052
| | - Dongying Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052
| | - Zhenjie Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052
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92
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Li D, Mackowiak B, Brayman TG, Mitchell M, Zhang L, Huang SM, Wang H. Genome-wide analysis of human constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) transcriptome in wild-type and CAR-knockout HepaRG cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 98:190-202. [PMID: 26275810 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) modulates the transcription of numerous genes involving drug metabolism, energy homeostasis, and cell proliferation. Most functions of CAR however were defined from animal studies. Given the known species difference of CAR and the significant cross-talk between CAR and the pregnane X receptor (PXR), it is extremely difficult to decipher the exact role of human CAR (hCAR) in gene regulation, relying predominantly on pharmacological manipulations. Here, utilizing a newly generated hCAR-knockout (KO) HepaRG cell line, we carried out RNA-seq analysis of the global transcriptomes in wild-type (WT) and hCAR-KO HepaRG cells treated with CITCO, a selective hCAR agonist, phenobarbital (PB), a dual activator of hCAR and hPXR, or vehicle control. Real-time PCR assays in separate experiments were used to validate RNA-seq findings. Our results indicate that genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes are among the main clusters altered by both CITCO and PB. Specifically, CITCO significantly changed the expression of 135 genes in an hCAR-dependent manner, while PB altered the expression of 227 genes in WT cells of which 94 were simultaneously modulated in both cell lines reflecting dual effects of PB on hCAR/PXR. Notably, we found that many genes promoting cell proliferation and tumorigenesis were up-regulated in hCAR-KO cells, suggesting that hCAR may play an important role in cell growth that differs from mouse CAR. Together, our results reveal both novel and known targets of hCAR and support the role of hCAR in maintaining the homeostasis of metabolism and cell proliferation in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daochuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Bryan Mackowiak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Timothy G Brayman
- Sigma Life Sciences, 2909 Laclede Ave, St. Louis, MO 63103, United States
| | - Michael Mitchell
- Sigma Life Sciences, 2909 Laclede Ave, St. Louis, MO 63103, United States
| | - Lei Zhang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20901, United States
| | - Shiew-Mei Huang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20901, United States
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
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93
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Kudva AK, Shay AE, Prabhu KS. Selenium and inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G71-7. [PMID: 26045617 PMCID: PMC4504954 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00379.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Dietary intake of the micronutrient selenium is essential for normal immune functions. Selenium is cotranslationally incorporated as the 21st amino acid, selenocysteine, into selenoproteins that function to modulate pathways involved in inflammation. Epidemiological studies have suggested an inverse association between selenium levels and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis that can potentially progress to colon cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here we summarize the current literature on the pathophysiology of IBD, which is multifactorial in origin with unknown etiology. We have focused on a few selenoproteins that mediate gastrointestinal inflammation and activate the host immune response, wherein macrophages play a pivotal role. Changes in cellular oxidative state coupled with altered expression of selenoproteins in macrophages drive the switch from a proinflammatory phenotype to an anti-inflammatory phenotype to efficiently resolve inflammation in the gut and restore epithelial barrier integrity. Such a phenotypic plasticity is accompanied by changes in cytokines, chemokines, and bioactive metabolites, including eicosanoids that not only mitigate inflammation but also partake in restoring gut homeostasis through diverse pathways involving differential regulation of transcription factors such as nuclear factor-κB and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. The role of the intestinal microbiome in modulating inflammation and aiding in selenium-dependent resolution of gut injury is highlighted to provide novel insights into the beneficial effects of selenium in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash K. Kudva
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Ashley E. Shay
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - K. Sandeep Prabhu
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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94
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Dannenmann B, Lehle S, Hildebrand DG, Kübler A, Grondona P, Schmid V, Holzer K, Fröschl M, Essmann F, Rothfuss O, Schulze-Osthoff K. High glutathione and glutathione peroxidase-2 levels mediate cell-type-specific DNA damage protection in human induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 4:886-98. [PMID: 25937369 PMCID: PMC4437487 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells must strictly maintain genomic integrity to prevent transmission of mutations. In human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), we found that genome surveillance is achieved via two ways, namely, a hypersensitivity to apoptosis and a very low accumulation of DNA lesions. The low apoptosis threshold was mediated by constitutive p53 expression and a marked upregulation of proapoptotic p53 target genes of the BCL-2 family, ensuring the efficient iPSC removal upon genotoxic insults. Intriguingly, despite the elevated apoptosis sensitivity, both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA lesions induced by genotoxins were less frequent in iPSCs compared to fibroblasts. Gene profiling identified that mRNA expression of several antioxidant proteins was considerably upregulated in iPSCs. Knockdown of glutathione peroxidase-2 and depletion of glutathione impaired protection against DNA lesions. Thus, iPSCs ensure genomic integrity through enhanced apoptosis induction and increased antioxidant defense, contributing to protection against DNA damage. The iPSCs maintain genomic integrity by DNA damage protection and rapid apoptosis Apoptosis hypersensitivity is mediated by p53 and proapoptotic BCL-2 proteins The iPSCs also display a strongly elevated antioxidant defense Depletion of glutathione and GPX2 impairs DNA damage protection in iPSCs
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Dannenmann
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon Lehle
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominic G Hildebrand
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ayline Kübler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paula Grondona
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vera Schmid
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Holzer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mirjam Fröschl
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Essmann
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Rothfuss
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Schulze-Osthoff
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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95
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Brown DI, Griendling KK. Regulation of signal transduction by reactive oxygen species in the cardiovascular system. Circ Res 2015; 116:531-49. [PMID: 25634975 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.303584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has long been implicated in cardiovascular disease, but more recently, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in normal physiological signaling has been elucidated. Signaling pathways modulated by ROS are complex and compartmentalized, and we are only beginning to identify the molecular modifications of specific targets. Here, we review the current literature on ROS signaling in the cardiovascular system, focusing on the role of ROS in normal physiology and how dysregulation of signaling circuits contributes to cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. In particular, we consider how ROS modulate signaling pathways related to phenotypic modulation, migration and adhesion, contractility, proliferation and hypertrophy, angiogenesis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and senescence. Understanding the specific targets of ROS may guide the development of the next generation of ROS-modifying therapies to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Brown
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
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Kojima T, Dogru M, Higuchi A, Nagata T, Ibrahim OM, Inaba T, Tsubota K. The Effect of Nrf2 Knockout on Ocular Surface Protection from Acute Tobacco Smoke Exposure. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:776-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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97
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Kawasaki Y, Ishigami S, Arigami T, Uenosono Y, Yanagita S, Uchikado Y, Kita Y, Nishizono Y, Okumura H, Nakajo A, Kijima Y, Maemura K, Natsugoe S. Clinicopathological significance of nuclear factor (erythroid-2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression in gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:5. [PMID: 25588809 PMCID: PMC4302133 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-2)–related factor 2 (Nrf2) was originally identified as a critical regulator of intracellular anti-oxidants and of phase II detoxification enzymes through its transcriptional up-regulation of many anti-oxidant response element (ARE)-containing genes. Nrf2 protects not only normal cells but also cancer cells from cellular stress, and enhances cancer cell survival. Some studies have shown that Nrf2 expression in cancer patients has clinical significance. However, there has been no comprehensive analysis of the nuclear expression level of Nrf2 in gastrointestinal cancer cells. In this study we aimed to immunohistochemically evaluate the expression of Nrf2, and to assess its clinical significance in gastric cancer. Methods A total of 175 gastric cancer patients who received R0 gastrectomy with standard lymph node dissection were enrolled. We immunohistochemically evaluated Nrf2 expression in the paraffin-embedded surgically resected specimens of these 175 patients. Group differences were analyzed using the χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test, and the Mann–Whitney U test. Associations between Nrf2 expression and clinicopathological features, including clinical outcome, were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses, and Kaplan-Meier curves with the log-rank test, respectively. Results Nrf2 immunoreactivity was predominantly identified in the nucleus of gastric cancer cells. Nrf2 positivity was closely associated with tumor size, tumor depth, lymph node metastases, lymphovascular invasion, histology and stage (p < 0.05 for all). A log-rank test indicated that the overall survival of the Nrf2-positive group was significantly poorer than that of the Nrf2-negative group (p < 0.01). And, positive Nrf2 expression was significantly associated with resistance to 5FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.024). Conclusions Nrf2 expression was positively associated with aggressive tumor behavior in gastric cancer. This result suggests that Nrf2 expression in gastric cancer is a potential indicator of worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yota Kawasaki
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid surgery Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
| | - Sumiya Ishigami
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid surgery Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Arigami
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid surgery Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
| | - Yoshikazu Uenosono
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid surgery Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
| | - Shigehiro Yanagita
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid surgery Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
| | - Yasuto Uchikado
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid surgery Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Kita
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid surgery Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
| | - Yuka Nishizono
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid surgery Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Okumura
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid surgery Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Nakajo
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid surgery Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
| | - Yuko Kijima
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid surgery Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
| | - Kosei Maemura
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid surgery Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
| | - Shoji Natsugoe
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid surgery Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
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98
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Yi YW, Oh S. Comparative analysis of NRF2-responsive gene expression in AcPC-1 pancreatic cancer cell line. Genes Genomics 2014; 37:97-109. [PMID: 25540678 PMCID: PMC4269820 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-014-0253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
NRF2 is a nuclear transcription factor activated in response to oxidative stress and related with metabolizing of xenotoxic materials and ABC transporter mediated drug resistance. We studied the expression of mRNAs under the siRNA-mediated knockdown of NRF2 and tBHQ-treated condition in AsPC-1 metastatic pancreatic cancer cell line to understand the AsPC-1 specific role(s) of NRF2 and further to investigate the relationship between drug resistance and metastatic plasticity and mobility of AsPc1. Here we show that the genes of aldo–keto reductases, cytochrome P450 family, aldehyde dehydrogenase, thioredoxin reductase, ABC transporter and epoxide hydrolase responsible for drug metabolism or oxidative stress concisely responded to NRF2 stabilization and knockdown of NRF2. In addition the expression of PIR, a candidate of oncogene and KISS1, a suppressor of metastasis were affected by NRF2 stabilization and knockdown. Our result provide comprehensive understanding of NRF2 target genes of drug response, oxidative stress response and metastasis in AsPc-1 metastatic pancreatic cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Graduate School, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 330-714 Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghoon Oh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 330-714 Republic of Korea
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Cheng YT, Ho CY, Jhang JJ, Lu CC, Yen GC. DJ-1 plays an important role in caffeic acid-mediated protection of the gastrointestinal mucosa against ketoprofen-induced oxidative damage. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:1045-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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GPx2 Suppression of H2O2 Stress Links the Formation of Differentiated Tumor Mass to Metastatic Capacity in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Res 2014; 74:6717-30. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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