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Mannix A, Parsons M, Davenport D, Chan T, Monteiro S, Gottlieb M. Author gender diversity within emergency medicine publications. Acad Emerg Med 2022; 29:497-499. [PMID: 35064713 DOI: 10.1111/acem.14441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Mannix
- Department of Emergency Medicine University of Florida College of Medicine–Jacksonville Jacksonville Florida USA
| | - Melissa Parsons
- Department of Emergency Medicine University of Florida College of Medicine–Jacksonville Jacksonville Florida USA
| | - Dayle Davenport
- Department of Emergency Medicine Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Teresa Chan
- Department of Emergency Medicine McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Sandra Monteiro
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Michael Gottlieb
- Department of Emergency Medicine Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois USA
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Kowalczyk OS, Lautarescu A, Blok E, Dall'Aglio L, Westwood SJ. What senior academics can do to support reproducible and open research: a short, three-step guide. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:116. [PMID: 35317865 PMCID: PMC8938725 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-05999-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasingly, policies are being introduced to reward and recognise open research practices, while the adoption of such practices into research routines is being facilitated by many grassroots initiatives. However, despite this widespread endorsement and support, as well as various efforts led by early career researchers, open research is yet to be widely adopted. For open research to become the norm, initiatives should engage academics from all career stages, particularly senior academics (namely senior lecturers, readers, professors) given their routine involvement in determining the quality of research. Senior academics, however, face unique challenges in implementing policy changes and supporting grassroots initiatives. Given that-like all researchers-senior academics are motivated by self-interest, this paper lays out three feasible steps that senior academics can take to improve the quality and productivity of their research, that also serve to engender open research. These steps include changing (a) hiring criteria, (b) how scholarly outputs are credited, and (c) how we fund and publish in line with open research principles. The guidance we provide is accompanied by material for further reading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia S Kowalczyk
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Lautarescu
- Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Imaging and Medical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Elisabet Blok
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenza Dall'Aglio
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Samuel J Westwood
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Science, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London, W1W 6UW, UK.
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Hopkins PM. BJA Open: a new open access journal for anaesthesiology, critical care, and pain medicine. BJA OPEN 2022; 1:100001. [PMID: 37588690 PMCID: PMC10430799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjao.2021.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BJA Open is a new open access journal to complement British Journal of Anaesthesia. This editorial describes the rationale for the journal and the breadth of content it is seeking to attract. As with other BJA titles, BJA Open conforms to the highest standards of editorial and publication practice, and it aims to provide sector-leading author experience combined with reliable peer-reviewed content for the reader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M. Hopkins
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Richards DP, Cobey KD, Proulx L, Dawson S, de Wit M, Toupin-April K. Identifying potential barriers and solutions to patient partner compensation (payment) in research. RESEARCH INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT 2022; 8:7. [PMID: 35197113 PMCID: PMC8867631 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-022-00341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Research that engages patients on the research team is often supported by grant funding from different organizations and, in some cases, principal investigators (who control the grant funding) provide patient partners with compensation (or payment) for their contributions. However, we have noted a gap in resources that identify and address barriers to compensating patient partners (no matter the size, degree or length of their engagement). In this paper, we present thoughts and experiences related to barriers to compensating patient partners with the goal of helping individuals identify and find solutions to these obstacles. Based on our experiences as individuals who live with chronic conditions and are patient partners, and those who are researchers who engage patient partners, we have identified eight barriers to compensating patient partners. We discuss each of these barriers: lack of awareness about patient partnership, institutional inflexibility, policy guidance from funders, compensation not prioritized in research budgets, leadership hesitancy to create a new system, culture of research teams, preconceived beliefs about the skills and abilities of patient partners, and expectations placed on patient partners. We demonstrate these barriers with real life examples and we offer some solutions. To further demonstrate these barriers, we ask readers to reflect on some scenarios that present realistic parallel situations to those that patient partners face. The intention is to illustrate, through empathy or putting yourself in someone else's shoes, how we might all do better with respect to institutional barriers related to patient partner compensation. Last, we issue a call to action to share resources and identify actions to overcome these barriers from which we will create an online resource repository.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn P Richards
- Five02 Labs Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Institute of Musculoskeletal Health and Arthritis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Canadian Arthritis Patient Alliance, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Patient Research Partner, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Kelly D Cobey
- Meta-Research and Open Science Program, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Laurie Proulx
- Canadian Arthritis Patient Alliance, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Patient Research Partner, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shoba Dawson
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Karine Toupin-April
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Institut du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Great Barrington Declaration (GBD) and the John Snow Memorandum (JSM), each signed by numerous scientists, have proposed hotly debated strategies for handling the COVID-19 pandemic. The current analysis aimed to examine whether the prevailing narrative that GBD is a minority view among experts is true. METHODS The citation impact and social media presence of the key GBD and JSM signatories was assessed. Citation data were obtained from Scopus using a previously validated composite citation indicator that incorporated also coauthorship and author order and ranking was against all authors in the same Science-Metrix scientific field with at least five full papers. Random samples of scientists from the longer lists of signatories were also assessed. The number of Twitter followers for all key signatories was also tracked. RESULTS Among the 47 key GBD signatories, 20, 19 and 21, respectively, were top-cited authors for career impact, recent single-year (2019) impact or either. For comparison, among the 34 key JSM signatories, 11, 14 and 15, respectively, were top cited. Key signatories represented 30 different scientific fields (9 represented in both documents, 17 only in GBD and 4 only in JSM). In a random sample of n=30 scientists among the longer lists of signatories, five in GBD and three in JSM were top cited. By April 2021, only 19/47 key GBD signatories had personal Twitter accounts versus 34/34 of key JSM signatories; 3 key GBD signatories versus 10 key JSM signatories had >50 000 Twitter followers and extraordinary Kardashian K-indices (363-2569). By November 2021, four key GBD signatories versus 13 key JSM signatories had >50 000 Twitter followers. CONCLUSIONS Both GBD and JSM include many stellar scientists, but JSM has far more powerful social media presence and this may have shaped the impression that it is the dominant narrative.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Ioannidis
- Departments of Medicine, of Epidemiology and Population Health, of Biomedical Data Science, and of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Yarborough
- Bioethics Program, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
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van der Wouden P, van der Heijden G, Shemesh H, van den Besselaar P. Evidence and consequences of academic drift in the field of dental research: A bibliometric analysis 2000-2015. BDJ Open 2022; 8:3. [PMID: 35039484 PMCID: PMC8763897 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-022-00093-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mission of academic excellence has resulted in a science system that incentivises publications within high impact, often basic science journals, and less in application-oriented journals. For the dental research field this so-called academic drift can result in a research portfolio that moves away from research that serves dental healthcare. Therefore, we examined if and how academic drift has changed the dental research field. Web of Science data were used to develop a network map for dental research containing journal clusters that show similar citation behavior. From the year 2000 up to 2015, we explored the intensity of knowledge exchange between the different clusters through citation relations. Next, we analyzed changes in research focus of dental research institutes in seven countries, in dental research, clinical medicine research, basic science, public health research and other fields. Within the citation network, 85.5% of all references in dental journals concern references to other dental journals. The knowledge contribution of non-dental research fields to dental research was limited during the studied period. At the same time, the share of output of dental research institutes in dental research has declined. The research activity of the dental research institutes increased mainly in basic science while the knowledge input from basic science into dental research did not increase. Our findings suggest that the dental research portfolio is influenced by academic drift. This academic drift has increased the disbalance towards basic science, and presents a challenge for the scientific progress in dental healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hagay Shemesh
- Department of endodontology, ACTA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter van den Besselaar
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands & Deutsche Zentrum für Hochschul- und Wissenschaftsforschung (DZHW), Berlin, Germany
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58
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Devriendt T, Borry P, Shabani M. Credit and Recognition for Contributions to Data-Sharing Platforms Among Cohort Holders and Platform Developers in Europe: Interview Study. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e25983. [PMID: 35023849 PMCID: PMC8796038 DOI: 10.2196/25983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The European Commission is funding projects that aim to establish data-sharing platforms. These platforms are envisioned to enhance and facilitate the international sharing of cohort data. Nevertheless, broad data sharing may be restricted by the lack of adequate recognition for those who share data. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to describe in depth the concerns about acquiring credit for data sharing within epidemiological research. METHODS A total of 17 participants linked to European Union-funded data-sharing platforms were recruited for a semistructured interview. Transcripts were analyzed using inductive content analysis. RESULTS Interviewees argued that data sharing within international projects could challenge authorship guidelines in multiple ways. Some respondents considered that the acquisition of credit for articles with extensive author lists could be problematic in some instances, such as for junior researchers. In addition, universities may be critical of researchers who share data more often than leading research. Some considered that the evaluation system undervalues data generators and specialists. Respondents generally looked favorably upon alternatives to the current evaluation system to potentially ameliorate these issues. CONCLUSIONS The evaluation system might impede data sharing because it mainly focuses on first and last authorship and undervalues the contributor's work. Further movement of crediting models toward contributorship could potentially address this issue. Appropriate crediting mechanisms that are better aligned with the way science ought to be conducted in the future need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Devriendt
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pascal Borry
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mahsa Shabani
- Metamedica, Faculty of Law and Criminology, UGent, Gent, Belgium
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Thibault RT, Munafò MR, Moher D. Rigour and reproducibility in Canadian research: call for a coordinated approach. Facets (Ott) 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Shortcomings in the rigour and reproducibility of research have become well-known issues and persist despite repeated calls for improvement. A coordinated effort among researchers, institutions, funders, publishers, learned societies, and regulators may be the most effective way of tackling these issues. The UK Reproducibility Network (UKRN) has fostered collaboration across various stakeholders in research and are creating the infrastructure necessary to advance rigorous and reproducible research practices across the United Kingdom. Other Reproducibility Networks, modelled on UKRN, are now emerging in other countries. Canada could benefit from a comparable network to unify the voices around research quality and maximize the value of Canadian research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T. Thibault
- Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, California, 94305, United States
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus R. Munafò
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, United Kingdom
| | - David Moher
- Centre for Journalology, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
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Moher D, Khan H, Vieira Armond A, Ghannad M. Disseminating biomedical research: Predatory journals and practices. INDIAN JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/0973-3698.364675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Stransky N, Ruth P, Schwab M, Löffler MW. Can Any Drug Be Repurposed for Cancer Treatment? A Systematic Assessment of the Scientific Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6236. [PMID: 34944859 PMCID: PMC8699650 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing is a complementary pathway for introducing new drugs against cancer. Broad systematic assessments of ongoing repurposing efforts in oncology are lacking, but may be helpful to critically appraise current and future efforts. Hence, we conducted a systematic PubMed search encompassing 100 frequently prescribed and 100 randomly selected drugs, and assessed the published preclinical anti-cancer effects. Furthermore, we evaluated all the identified original articles for methodological quality. We found reports indicating anti-cancer effects for 138/200 drugs, especially among frequently prescribed drugs (81/100). Most were reports suggesting single-agent activity of the drugs (61%). Basic information, such as the cell line used or control treatments utilized, were reported consistently, while more detailed information (e.g., excluded data) was mostly missing. The majority (56%) of in vivo studies reported randomizing animals, while only few articles stated that the experiments were conducted in a blinded fashion. In conclusion, we found promising reports of anti-cancer effects for the majority of the assessed drugs, but speculate that many of them are false-positive findings. Reward systems should be adjusted to encourage the widespread usage of high reporting quality and bias-reducing methodologies, aiming to decrease the rate of false-positive results, and thereby increasing the trust in the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Stransky
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Ruth
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Auerbachstr. 112, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany;
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) ‘Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies’, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus W. Löffler
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) ‘Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies’, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Khan H, Almoli E, Franco MC, Moher D. Open science failed to penetrate academic hiring practices: A cross-sectional study. J Clin Epidemiol 2021; 144:136-143. [PMID: 34896237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the current hiring practices of academic institutions around the world, with regard to the mention of advertisements for Open Science (OS) in research based, faculty and postdoctoral positions. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study, using 189 global institutions from the Center for Science and Technology (CSTS) Leiden ranking of world universities of 2017, including the U15 Group (Canadian Research-Intensive Universities), and five self-selected supplementary institutions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The main outcome measure for our study is the level of OS in job advertisements, assessed using the Modified Open Science Modular Scheme (MOMS). RESULTS After assessing 305 job advertisements for academic positions in 91 institutions, only 2 (0.6%) had any explicit mention of OS in their job advertisements on the MOMS. The sample assessed the level of open science for 39.0% Associate/Assistant professor positions, 30.8% Researcher/Postdoctoral fellow positions, and 18.7% of Tenured positions. The remaining 11.5% were for positions such as lectureship, research associate, chair, dean, director and other. CONCLUSIONS This study emphasizes the need for increased recognition of OS as a characteristic in research-active job advertisements. As evident in the alarmingly low percentage of job advertisements that mentioned OS (0.6%), the movement towards enhanced OS profiles across academic institutions is highly encouraged. This can be achieved through increased recognition of OS in research job advertisements and demonstrating the means in which institutions promote OS such as, encouraging preprints, publishing in open access journals, and the importance of data sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Khan
- Centre for Journalology, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Elham Almoli
- Centre for Journalology, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; School of Interdisciplinary Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Marina Christ Franco
- Centre for Journalology, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - David Moher
- Centre for Journalology, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Abstract
A large part of governmental research funding is currently distributed through the peer review of project proposals. In this paper, we argue that such funding systems incentivize and even force researchers to violate five moral values, each of which is central to commonly used scientific codes of conduct. Our argument complements existing epistemic arguments against peer-review project funding systems and, accordingly, strengthens the mounting calls for reform of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Conix
- Centre for Logic and Philosophy of Science, KU Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, 3000, Belgium
| | - Andreas De Block
- Centre for Logic and Philosophy of Science, KU Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, 3000, Belgium
| | - Krist Vaesen
- Philosophy & Ethics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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64
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Abstract
A large part of governmental research funding is currently distributed through the peer review of project proposals. In this paper, we argue that such funding systems incentivize and even force researchers to violate five moral values, each of which is central to commonly used scientific codes of conduct. Our argument complements existing epistemic arguments against peer-review project funding systems and, accordingly, strengthens the mounting calls for reform of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Conix
- Centre for Logic and Philosophy of Science, KU Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, 3000, Belgium
| | - Andreas De Block
- Centre for Logic and Philosophy of Science, KU Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, 3000, Belgium
| | - Krist Vaesen
- Philosophy & Ethics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Jenkins E, D'Aoust R, Elias S, Han HR, Sharps P, Alvarez C. Faculty peer review of teaching taskforce: A quantitative descriptive research study for the peer review process. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2021; 106:105055. [PMID: 34304102 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.105055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peer review of teaching is important for both the faculty and student experience. Enhanced awareness of student learning experiences and a deeper reflection on teaching makes this process attractive to faculty leaders, staff and students. Evidence suggests that teachers who are reviewed gain confidence, anticipate improvement in teaching and are inclined to discuss their teaching with colleagues in the future. OBJECTIVE To describe the development of a peer review of teaching process by the Faculty Peer Review of Teaching Taskforce at a school of nursing. METHODS A five-step Design for Six Sigma methodology was used and includes: Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, Verify (DMADV). In keeping with this methodology we: (1) established a Faculty Peer Review of Teaching Taskforce; (2) conducted a literature review on best practices; (3) reviewed peer institution practices; and (4) surveyed faculty to obtain their perspectives on the qualities of good teaching and the peer review of teaching process. Twenty-seven of the 68 full-time faculty members returned Qualtrics surveys (return rate = 39.7%). RESULTS Review of the literature yielded four major themes, including post-observation discussion and systematic assignment of peer review pairs. Variation in practices across institutions was identified, from formal structured processes, to peer review conducted only in special circumstances. Survey findings revealed that faculty members overwhelmingly endorse the qualities of good teaching, agree that the peer review process should be required, and that peer reviewers should have several years of teaching experience. CONCLUSIONS Our faculty were supportive of a peer review teaching process. As teaching demands continue to increase given the evolving complexities of nursing care, teaching platforms (i.e. online, hybrid), and diverse student body, we hope the process we develop may serve as a model for other higher education schools to enhance and maintain excellence in teaching for both the faculty and student experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerald Jenkins
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America.
| | - Rita D'Aoust
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Joint Appointment, General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 525 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America.
| | - Sabrina Elias
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America.
| | - Hae Ra Han
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Joint Appointment with the Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 525 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America.
| | - Phyllis Sharps
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, 855 N Wolfe St - Rangos Building - Room 608, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America.
| | - Carmen Alvarez
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America.
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Morales E, McKiernan EC, Niles MT, Schimanski L, Alperin JP. How faculty define quality, prestige, and impact of academic journals. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257340. [PMID: 34710102 PMCID: PMC8553056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the calls for change, there is significant consensus that when it comes to evaluating publications, review, promotion, and tenure processes should aim to reward research that is of high "quality," is published in "prestigious" journals, and has an "impact." Nevertheless, such terms are highly subjective and present challenges to ascertain precisely what such research looks like. Accordingly, this article responds to the question: how do faculty from universities in the United States and Canada define the terms quality, prestige, and impact of academic journals? We address this question by surveying 338 faculty members from 55 different institutions in the U.S. and Canada. While relying on self-reported definitions that are not linked to their behavior, this study’s findings highlight that faculty often describe these distinct terms in overlapping ways. Additionally, results show that marked variance in definitions across faculty does not correspond to demographic characteristics. This study’s results highlight the subjectivity of common research terms and the importance of implementing evaluation regimes that do not rely on ill-defined concepts and may be context specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Morales
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- * E-mail: (EM); (JPA)
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Sharma D, Cotton M. Bibliometric indices and Global Health publications. Trop Doct 2021; 51:473-474. [PMID: 34693835 DOI: 10.1177/00494755211050530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Foreign-born Counselor Educators: Strengths, Challenges, and Areas of Support. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COUNSELLING 2021; 44:126-144. [PMID: 34720265 PMCID: PMC8542191 DOI: 10.1007/s10447-021-09456-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This article features strengths and challenges indicated by foreign-born counselor educators in programs accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs. To gain a deeper understanding of this topic, we utilized a convergent parallel mixed methods design with merged quantitative and qualitative findings. Quantitative results indicated that foreign-born faculty (FBF) experienced more strengths in the personal, spiritual, and health domains while facing more challenges in the social, political, and financial domains. In addition, a thematic analysis identified three overarching themes reflecting FBF’s strengths, challenges, areas of support, and the impact of COVID-19: (a) adjustment as a foreign-born individual in the United States, (b) immigration status and procedures, and (c) working as a foreign-born faculty in counselor education. This article presents implications for FBF and stakeholders seeking to support this population, while also suggesting recommendations for future research.
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69
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Van Calster B, Wynants L, Riley RD, van Smeden M, Collins GS. Methodology over metrics: current scientific standards are a disservice to patients and society. J Clin Epidemiol 2021; 138:219-226. [PMID: 34077797 PMCID: PMC8795888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Covid-19 research made it painfully clear that the scandal of poor medical research, as denounced by Altman in 1994, persists today. The overall quality of medical research remains poor, despite longstanding criticisms. The problems are well known, but the research community fails to properly address them. We suggest that most problems stem from an underlying paradox: although methodology is undeniably the backbone of high-quality and responsible research, science consistently undervalues methodology. The focus remains more on the destination (research claims and metrics) than on the journey. Notwithstanding, research should serve society more than the reputation of those involved. While we notice that many initiatives are being established to improve components of the research cycle, these initiatives are too disjointed. The overall system is monolithic and slow to adapt. We assert that top-down action is needed from journals, universities, funders and governments to break the cycle and put methodology first. These actions should involve the widespread adoption of registered reports, balanced research funding between innovative, incremental and methodological research projects, full recognition and demystification of peer review, improved methodological review of reports, adherence to reporting guidelines, and investment in methodological education and research. Currently, the scientific enterprise is doing a major disservice to patients and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Van Calster
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; EPI-Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Laure Wynants
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; EPI-Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard D Riley
- Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Maarten van Smeden
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gary S Collins
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; UK EQUATOR Centre, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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70
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Naudet F, Siebert M, Pellen C, Gaba J, Axfors C, Cristea I, Danchev V, Mansmann U, Ohmann C, Wallach JD, Moher D, Ioannidis JPA. Medical journal requirements for clinical trial data sharing: Ripe for improvement. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003844. [PMID: 34695113 PMCID: PMC8575305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Florian Naudet and co-authors discuss strengthening requirements for sharing clinical trial data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Naudet
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, CIC 1414 [(Centre d’Investigation Clinique de Rennes)], Rennes, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Maximilian Siebert
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, CIC 1414 [(Centre d’Investigation Clinique de Rennes)], Rennes, France
| | - Claude Pellen
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, CIC 1414 [(Centre d’Investigation Clinique de Rennes)], Rennes, France
| | - Jeanne Gaba
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, CIC 1414 [(Centre d’Investigation Clinique de Rennes)], Rennes, France
| | - Cathrine Axfors
- Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, California, United States of America
- Department for Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ioana Cristea
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentin Danchev
- Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, California, United States of America
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Ulrich Mansmann
- Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, München, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, OSCLMU—Open Science Center LMU, München, Germany
| | - Christian Ohmann
- European Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (ECRIN), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Joshua D. Wallach
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - David Moher
- Center for Journalology, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - John P. A. Ioannidis
- Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, California, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine, of Epidemiology and Population Health, of Biomedical Data Science, and of Statistics, Stanford University, California, United States of America
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71
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Academic Promotion of Physicians in Medical Schools: A Special Focus on Primary Health Care in Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189615. [PMID: 34574539 PMCID: PMC8465314 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The quality and quantity of papers published in journals play a crucial role in achieving an academic promotion in medical schools. Reports on the criteria for promotion and their impact on different specialties, especially on primary health care, which has low research output, are rare. We investigated the scoring systems generally adopted for academic promotion at most medical schools in Taiwan. The weighted scores were derived from the multiplication of weights from categories of paper, journal impact factor, or ranking in a certain category by impact factor, and author order. To determine the thresholds of papers required for different levels of promotion, we took papers in the highest- or lowest-ranked journals in the primary health care category in 2019 Journal Citation Reports as examples. Considering publications in the highest-ranked journals, a median of 4.6 first or corresponding author papers were required for a professorship, as well as 3.3 for an associate professorship, and 2.5 for an assistant professorship. In contrast, a median of 30, 20, and 13.5 papers in the lowest-ranked journals was required for the corresponding positions. Thus, academic promotions for primary health care educators in Taiwan are highly demanding. The detrimental effects of scoring systems deserve further research.
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72
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Laws S. Information-Seeking Behaviors of Medical Faculty at a Qatar Academic Medical Institution. Med Ref Serv Q 2021; 40:274-291. [PMID: 34495806 DOI: 10.1080/02763869.2021.1945863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Medical faculty are among the most important user groups at any academic medical library. Knowing how medical faculty identify, access, and use information is important for collection development and instruction. This study found that medical faculty at an institution in Qatar identified information access and use as vital in their professional duties. However, they also noted limitations that warrant attention by the library to better serve this user group. Further, the results of this study were compared to a similar study of medical faculty in the United States, with noted similarities and differences in their access and use of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa'ad Laws
- Distributed eLibrary, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha
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73
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Moher D. COVID-19 and the research scholarship ecosystem: help! J Clin Epidemiol 2021; 137:133-136. [PMID: 33892088 PMCID: PMC8455105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Data sharing practices remain elusive in biomedicine. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the problems associated with the lack of data sharing. The objective of this article is to draw attention to the problem and possible ways to address it. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING This article examines some of the current open access and data sharing practices at biomedical journals and funders. In the context of COVID-19 the consequences of these practices is also examined. RESULTS Despite the best of intentions on the part of funders and journals, COVID-19 biomedical research is not open. Academic institutions need to incentivize and reward data sharing practices as part of researcher assessment. Journals and funders need to implement strong polices to ensure that data sharing becomes a reality. Patients support sharing of their data. CONCLUSION Biomedical journals, funders and academic institutions should act to require stronger adherence to data sharing policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Moher
- Centre for Journalology, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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74
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Howick J, Webster R, Knottnerus JA, Moher D. Do overly complex reporting guidelines remove the focus from good clinical trials? BMJ 2021; 374:n1793. [PMID: 34400403 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Moher
- Centre for Journalology, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute University of Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
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75
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Barton CJ, De Oliveira Silva D, Morton S, Collins NJ, Rathleff MS, Vicenzino B, van Middelkoop M, Crossley KM, Callaghan MJ, Selfe J, Holden S, Lack S, Macri EM, Bazett-Jones DM, Earl-Boehm JE, Riel H, Powers CM, Davis IS, Morrissey D. REPORT-PFP: a consensus from the International Patellofemoral Research Network to improve REPORTing of quantitative PatelloFemoral Pain studies. Br J Sports Med 2021; 55:1135-1143. [PMID: 34127482 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Patellofemoral pain is a common and often debilitating musculoskeletal condition. Clinical translation and evidence synthesis of patellofemoral pain research are compromised by heterogenous and often inadequately reported study details. This consensus statement and associated checklist provides standards for REPORTing of quantitative PatelloFemoral Pain (REPORT-PFP) research to enhance clinical translation and evidence synthesis, and support clinician engagement with research and data collection. A three-stage Delphi process was initiated at the 2015 International Patellofemoral Research Network (iPFRN) retreat. An initial e-Delphi activity (n=24) generated topics and items, which were refined at the 2017 iPFRN retreat, and voted on prior to and following the 2019 iPFRN retreat (n=51 current and past retreat participants). Voting criteria included 'strongly recommended' (essential), 'recommended' (encouraged) and uncertain/unsure. An item was included in the checklist if ≥70% respondents voted 'recommended'. Items receiving ≥70% votes for 'strongly recommended' were labelled as such. The final REPORT-PFP checklist includes 31 items (11 strongly recommended, 20 recommended), covering (i) demographics (n=2,4); (ii) baseline symptoms and previous treatments (n=3,7); (iii) outcome measures (2,4); (iv) outcomes measure description (n=1,2); (v) clinical trial methodology (0,3) and (vi) reporting study results (n=3,0). The REPORT-PFP checklist is ready to be used by researchers and clinicians. Strong stakeholder engagement from clinical academics during development means consistent application by the international patellofemoral pain research community is likely. Checklist adherence will improve research accessibility for clinicians and enhance future evidence synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Barton
- Department of Physiotherapy, Podiatry and Prosthetics and Orthotics, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia .,La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danilo De Oliveira Silva
- Department of Physiotherapy, Podiatry and Prosthetics and Orthotics, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Morton
- Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Natalie J Collins
- Physiotherapy, The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Skovdal Rathleff
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Centre for General Practice, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Occupational therapy and Physiotherapy, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Bill Vicenzino
- Physiotherapy, The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marienke van Middelkoop
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC Medical University Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kay M Crossley
- Department of Physiotherapy, Podiatry and Prosthetics and Orthotics, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael J Callaghan
- Medical Department, Manchester United Football Club Ltd, Manchester, UK.,Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Department of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - James Selfe
- Department of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Sinead Holden
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Centre for General Practice, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Simon Lack
- Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Pure Sports Medicine, London, UK
| | - Erin M Macri
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jennifer E Earl-Boehm
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Henrik Riel
- Centre for General Practice, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Irene S Davis
- Spaulding National Running Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dylan Morrissey
- Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Physiotherapy Department, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
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76
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Hayden JA, Ellis J, Ogilvie R, Boulos L, Stanojevic S. Meta-epidemiological study of publication integrity, and quality of conduct and reporting of randomized trials included in a systematic review of low back pain. J Clin Epidemiol 2021; 134:65-78. [PMID: 33545270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To comprehensively describe the quality of conduct, reporting, and publication integrity characteristics for all trials included in a large Cochrane review, comparing those published by presumed predatory publishers with those published by nonpredatory publishers. DESIGN Cross-sectional meta-epidemiological study. STUDY SELECTION Two hundred seventy-nine studies (25,704 participants) eligible for the recent update of the "Exercise therapy for chronic low back pain" Cochrane review were included. DATA EXTRACTION Study and manuscript characteristics, including predatory publication status and other quality and integrity characteristics were extracted along with treatment effect. RESULTS Nine percent of trials included were in presumed predatory publications; 12% in the period since 2010. We found frequency of other concerning characteristics to range from low (eg, plagiarism, 5%) to common (eg, lack of evidence of trial registration or protocol publication [75%]; insufficient sample size [84%]) in included studies. Studies published by presumed predatory publishers consistently had inferior conduct, reporting and publication integrity characteristics. Presumed predatory publication was associated with missing conflict of interest statement (OR 7.6, 95% CI 3.0-19.1), inadequate follow-up duration (OR 11.2, 95% CI 3.7-33.7), incomplete study methods (OR 12.1, 95% CI 2.8-52.2) and baseline reporting (OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.6-11.7), and high risk of bias (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2-6.3). All (100%) presumed predatory publications were missing trial registrations (vs. 72%) and had inadequate sample sizes (vs. 82%). Trials published in presumed predatory journals did not appear to have inflated effect sizes. CONCLUSIONS Predatory publishers pose a distinct challenge to the consumption and synthesis of randomized controlled trials. More work is needed in other clinical areas to understand the potential impact of randomized controlled trials published in predatory publications, and as a result, the potential impact on evidence from systematic reviews that include these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hayden
- Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - J Ellis
- Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - R Ogilvie
- Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - L Boulos
- Maritime SPOR SUPPORT Unit, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - S Stanojevic
- Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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77
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Vuong Q, Nguyen HTT, Ho M, Nguyen M. Adopting open access in an emerging country: Is gender inequality a barrier in humanities and social sciences? LEARNED PUBLISHING 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/leap.1387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan‐Hoang Vuong
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Social Research Phenikaa University Yen Nghia Ward, Ha Dong District Hanoi 100803 Vietnam
- Centre Emile Bernheim Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels B‐1050 Belgium
| | - Huyen Thanh T. Nguyen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Social Research Phenikaa University Yen Nghia Ward, Ha Dong District Hanoi 100803 Vietnam
| | - Manh‐Toan Ho
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Social Research Phenikaa University Yen Nghia Ward, Ha Dong District Hanoi 100803 Vietnam
| | - Minh‐Hoang Nguyen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Social Research Phenikaa University Yen Nghia Ward, Ha Dong District Hanoi 100803 Vietnam
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78
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Neuberger M, Weiß C, Worst TS, Westhoff N, Erben P, Michel MS, von Hardenberg J. Factors to improve academic publishing success of physicians engaged in scientific research. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR EVIDENZ FORTBILDUNG UND QUALITAET IM GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2021; 162:63-69. [PMID: 33824094 DOI: 10.1016/j.zefq.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Scientific evidence in medicine is based on data generated from research. Recently, the number of scientifically active physicians has decreased, which has led to the development of the Clinician Scientist Programs. To better structure and focus the research of young physicians, we aimed to investigate the impact of collaborations and other factors on the quality and output of scientific publications. METHODS The abstracts of three annual congresses of the German Society of Urology were systematically analysed regarding content, collaborations, and study design. Full-text publications and journals were identified through a MEDLINE® search. Impact factors (IFs) were identified using Journal Citation Reports™. To identify factors which predict publication and IFs, χ2 and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used. Uni- and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the best model for publication success for an abstract as well as the achievement of a high IF. RESULTS 1,074 abstracts were reviewed. The publication rate of subsequent peer-reviewed full-text publications was 52.5%. Collaborations with at least one institution (odds ratio (OR) 2.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.48-2.76, p <0.0001), statistical analysis (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.41-2.60, p <0.0001), study design (prospective vs. retrospective: OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.06-1.93, p=0.021), and national collaborations (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.04-1.98, p=0.029) increased the likelihood of publication in a peer-reviewed journal in a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Experimental design (OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.32-5.84, p=0.007), international collaborations (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.23-4.15, p=0.009), oncologic topics (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.23-3.07, p=0.005), prostate disease (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.08-2.84, p=0.023), and statistical analysis (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.06-2.64, p=0.026) were associated with a higher IF. CONCLUSION Abstracts resulting from collaborative research projects had a higher likelihood of subsequent full-text publication and a higher IF. More full-text publications were reported when abstracts included a statistical analysis. Hence, intensive networking (e. g. at congresses and workshops) of researching physicians as well as statistical/biometrical classes could be key factors to improve academic success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Neuberger
- Department of Urology and Urological Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christel Weiß
- Department of Biometry and Statistics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Stefan Worst
- Department of Urology and Urological Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Niklas Westhoff
- Department of Urology and Urological Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philipp Erben
- Department of Urology and Urological Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maurice Stephan Michel
- Department of Urology and Urological Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jost von Hardenberg
- Department of Urology and Urological Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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79
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Newson R, Rychetnik L, King L, Milat AJ, Bauman AE. The how and why of producing policy relevant research: perspectives of Australian childhood obesity prevention researchers and policy makers. Health Res Policy Syst 2021; 19:33. [PMID: 33691733 PMCID: PMC7945318 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-021-00687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding why research is conducted may help address the under-utilisation of research. This study examined the reasons for childhood obesity prevention knowledge production in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, and the factors influencing research choices from the perspective of the researchers and health policy agencies contributing to the research. METHODS A literature search of SCOPUS and ISI Web of Knowledge (affiliation and key word searches) was conducted to compile a database of NSW childhood obesity research outputs, published between 2000 and 2015 (n = 543). Descriptive statistics were used to quantify outputs by research type, differentiating measurement, descriptive, and intervention research, systematic reviews and other publications. Interviews were conducted with a sample of researchers drawn from the database (n = 13) and decision makers from health policy agencies who funded and contributed to childhood obesity research in NSW (n = 15). Researcher interviews examined views about societal impacts, why and under what circumstances the research was conducted. Decision-maker interviews examined policy agency research investment and how research was used in decision making. Content analysis and a thematic approach was used to analyse the interview transcripts. RESULTS The research in this case was conducted for mix of reasons including those traditionally associated with academic inquiry, as well as intentions to influence policy and practice. Differences in funding mechanisms, administrative and employment arrangements, and 'who' initiated the research, created differing incentives and perspectives for knowledge production. Factors associated with the characteristics and experience of the individuals involved also influenced goals, as did the type of research conducted. Policy agencies played a role in directing research to address policy needs. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study confirm that researchers are strongly influenced by their working environment. Funding schemes and other incentives to support policy relevant knowledge production are important. Contextual factors such as policy priorities, policy-driven research funding and the embedded nature or strong connections between some researchers and the policy agencies involved, are likely to have influenced the extent to which policy goals were reported in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Newson
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Lucie Rychetnik
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sax Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lesley King
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew J Milat
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adrian E Bauman
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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80
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Shamseer L, Bourgeault I, Grunfeld E, Moore A, Peer N, Straus SE, Tricco AC. Will COVID-19 result in a giant step backwards for women in academic science? J Clin Epidemiol 2021; 134:160-166. [PMID: 33705957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has disproportionately placed women in academic science on the frontlines of domestic and clinical care compared to men. As a result, women in science are publishing less and potentially acquiring less funding during COVID-19 than compared to before. This widens the pre-existing gap between men and women in prevailing, publication-based measures of productivity used to determine academic career progression. Early career women and those with intersectional identities associated with greater inequities, are facing unique challenges during this time. We argue that women will fall further behind unless academic reward systems adjust how and what they evaluate. We propose several strategies that academic institutions, funders, journals, and men in academic science can take.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Shamseer
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, 209 Victoria Street, East Building, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1W8, Canada.
| | - Ivy Bourgeault
- School of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Ottawa, 120 University Private, Social Sciences Building, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Eva Grunfeld
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Ainsley Moore
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, 100 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8P 1H6, Canada
| | - Nazia Peer
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, 209 Victoria Street, East Building, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Sharon E Straus
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, 209 Victoria Street, East Building, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Toronto, 6 Queen's Park Crescent West, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Andrea C Tricco
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, 209 Victoria Street, East Building, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1W8, Canada; Epidemiology Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health and Institute for Health, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, 155 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3M7, Canada; Queens Collaboration for Health Care Quality, A JBI Centre of Excellence, Queens University, 99 University Ave, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
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81
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Shreffler J, Montgomery T, Shreffler M, Bernal M, Thé S, Danzl D, Mallory MN, Huecker M. Measuring Faculty Viewpoints to Optimize Success for Faculty Researchers: Does Creativity Matter? CREATIVITY RESEARCH JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2021.1888530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mateo Bernal
- University of Louisville, Louisville Community Supported Acupuncture
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82
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Abstract
In most of the world’s countries, scholarship evaluation for tenure and promotion continues to rely on conventional criteria of publications in journals of high impact factor and achievements in securing research funds. Continuing to hire and promote scholars based on these criteria exposes universities to risk because students, directly and indirectly through government funds, are the main source of revenues for academic institutions. At the same time, talented young researchers increasingly look for professors renowned for excellence in mentoring doctoral students and early career researchers. Purposeful scholarship evaluation in the open science era needs to include all three areas of scholarly activity: research, teaching and mentoring, and service to society.
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83
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Ellingson MK, Shi X, Skydel JJ, Nyhan K, Lehman R, Ross JS, Wallach JD. Publishing at any cost: a cross-sectional study of the amount that medical researchers spend on open access publishing each year. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e047107. [PMID: 33526505 PMCID: PMC7852964 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the financial costs paid by individual medical researchers from meeting the article processing charges (APCs) levied by open access journals in 2019. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. DATA SOURCES Scopus was used to generate two random samples of researchers, the first with a senior author article indexed in the 'Medicine' subject area (general researchers) and the second with an article published in the ten highest-impact factor general clinical medicine journals (high-impact researchers) in 2019. For each researcher, Scopus was used to identify all first and senior author original research or review articles published in 2019. Data were obtained from Scopus, institutional profiles, Journal Citation Reports, publisher databases, the Directory of Open Access Journals, and individual journal websites. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Median APCs paid by general and high-impact researchers for all first and senior author research and review articles published in 2019. RESULTS There were 241 general and 246 high-impact researchers identified as eligible for our study. In 2019, the general and high-impact researchers published a total of 914 (median 2, IQR 1-5) and 1471 (4, 2-8) first or senior author research or review articles, respectively. 42% (384/914) of the articles from the general researchers and 29% (428/1471) of the articles from the high-impact medical researchers were published in fully open access journals. The median total APCs paid by general researchers in 2019 was US$191 (US$0-US$2500) and the median total paid by high-impact researchers was US$2900 (US$0-US$5465); the maximum paid by a single researcher in total APCs was US$30115 and US$34676, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Medical researchers in 2019 were found to have paid between US$0 and US$34676 in total APCs. As journals with APCs become more common, it is important to continue to evaluate the potential cost to researchers, especially on individuals who may not have the funding or institutional resources to cover these costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory K Ellingson
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xiaoting Shi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Joshua J Skydel
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kate Nyhan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health; and Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard Lehman
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joseph S Ross
- Section of General Medicine and the National Clinician Scholars Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health; and Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Health System, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Joshua D Wallach
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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84
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Rice DB, Raffoul H, Ioannidis JP, Moher D. Academic criteria for promotion and tenure in faculties of medicine: a cross-sectional study of the Canadian U15 universities. Facets (Ott) 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2020-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to determine the presence of a set of prespecified criteria used to assess scientists for promotion and tenure within faculties of medicine among the U15 Group of Canadian Research Universities. Methods: Each faculty guideline for assessing promotion and tenure was reviewed and the presence of five traditional (peer-reviewed publications, authorship order, journal impact factor, grant funding, and national/international reputation) and seven nontraditional (citations, data sharing, publishing in open access mediums, accommodating leaves, alternative ways for sharing research, registering research, using reporting guidelines) criteria were collected by two reviewers. Results: Among the U15 institutions, four of five traditional criteria (80.0%) were present in at least one promotion guideline, whereas only three of seven nontraditional incentives (42.9%) were present in any promotion guidelines. When assessing full professors, there were a median of three traditional criteria listed, versus one nontraditional criterion. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that faculties of medicine among the U15 Group of Canadian Research Universities base assessments for promotion and tenure on traditional criteria. Some of these metrics may reinforce problematic practices in medical research. These faculties should consider incentivizing criteria that can enhance the quality of medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle B. Rice
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Hana Raffoul
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - John P.A. Ioannidis
- Department of Medicine, Department of Health Research and Policy, Department of Biomedical Data Science, and Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
| | - David Moher
- Centre for Journalology, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
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85
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Bourgeois FT, Avillach P, Turner MA. The urgent need for research coordination to advance knowledge on COVID-19 in children. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:250-252. [PMID: 33177674 PMCID: PMC7656217 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florence T. Bourgeois
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Paul Avillach
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Mark A. Turner
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, UK
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86
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Büttner F, Ardern CL, Blazey P, Dastouri S, McKay HA, Moher D, Khan KM. Counting publications and citations is not just irrelevant: it is an incentive that subverts the impact of clinical research. Br J Sports Med 2020; 55:647-648. [PMID: 33361277 PMCID: PMC8208942 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fionn Büttner
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clare L Ardern
- Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sport & Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Blazey
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Serenna Dastouri
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Health and Arthritis, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Vancouver, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather A McKay
- Deparment of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David Moher
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Journalology and Canadian EQUATOR Centre, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karim M Khan
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Family Practice and School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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87
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Menke J, Roelandse M, Ozyurt B, Martone M, Bandrowski A. The Rigor and Transparency Index Quality Metric for Assessing Biological and Medical Science Methods. iScience 2020; 23:101698. [PMID: 33196023 PMCID: PMC7644557 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The reproducibility crisis is a multifaceted problem involving ingrained practices within the scientific community. Fortunately, some causes are addressed by the author's adherence to rigor and reproducibility criteria, implemented via checklists at various journals. We developed an automated tool (SciScore) that evaluates research articles based on their adherence to key rigor criteria, including NIH criteria and RRIDs, at an unprecedented scale. We show that despite steady improvements, less than half of the scoring criteria, such as blinding or power analysis, are routinely addressed by authors; digging deeper, we examined the influence of specific checklists on average scores. The average score for a journal in a given year was named the Rigor and Transparency Index (RTI), a new journal quality metric. We compared the RTI with the Journal Impact Factor and found there was no correlation. The RTI can potentially serve as a proxy for methodological quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Menke
- Center for Research in Biological Systems, UCSD, SciCrunch Inc, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Martijn Roelandse
- Independent Consultant at Martijnroelandse.dev, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Burak Ozyurt
- Department of Neuroscience, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Maryann Martone
- Department of Neuroscience, UCSD, SciCrunch Inc, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anita Bandrowski
- Department of Neuroscience, UCSD, SciCrunch Inc, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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88
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Ioannidis JPA. Hundreds of thousands of zombie randomised trials circulate among us. Anaesthesia 2020; 76:444-447. [PMID: 33124075 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J P A Ioannidis
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Population Health, Biomedical Data Science, and Statistics Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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89
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Naci H, Kesselheim AS, Røttingen JA, Salanti G, Vandvik PO, Cipriani A. Producing and using timely comparative evidence on drugs: lessons from clinical trials for covid-19. BMJ 2020; 371:m3869. [PMID: 33067179 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m3869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Naci
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Aaron S Kesselheim
- Program On Regulation, Therapeutics, And Law (PORTAL), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John-Arne Røttingen
- Research Council of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Georgia Salanti
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Per O Vandvik
- Department of Health Management and Health Economics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrea Cipriani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
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90
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Pandis N, Fleming PS, Katsaros C, Ioannidis JPA. Dental Research Waste in Design, Analysis, and Reporting: A Scoping Review. J Dent Res 2020; 100:245-252. [PMID: 33054504 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520962751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research waste is highly prevalent across biomedical investigations. We aimed to assess the evidence on the extent of research waste in dental research. We performed a scoping review of empirical evaluations of dental studies assessing the prevalence and impact of limitations in design, conduct, analysis, and reporting of research. PubMed was searched using specific terms to retrieve studies dealing with design, conduct, analysis, and reporting of studies in dentistry, with no year or language restrictions. Of the 1,807 publications identified from the search and from manual searches, 71 were included in this review. The topic and article selection was based on the expert opinion of the authors. The existing evidence suggests that, although there are improvements over time, substantial deficiencies in all areas (design, conduct, analysis, reporting) were prevalent in dental research publications. Waste in research is a multifaceted problem without a simple solution. However, an appreciation of optimal research design and execution is a prerequisite and should be underpinned by policies that include appropriate training in research methods and properly aligned incentives.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pandis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - P S Fleming
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - C Katsaros
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J P A Ioannidis
- Departments of Medicine, of Epidemiology and Population Health, of Biomedical Data Science, and of Statistics, and Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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91
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold C Sox
- The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Both authors contributed equally
| | - Mark A Schuster
- Kaiser Permanente Bernard J Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Both authors contributed equally
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