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Chen Z, Zhang S, Dong S, Xu H, Zhou W. Association of the Microbiota and Pancreatic Cancer: Opportunities and Limitations. Front Immunol 2022; 13:844401. [PMID: 35309293 PMCID: PMC8928443 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.844401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body is thoroughly colonized by a wide variety of microorganisms, termed microbiota. Pancreatic cancer, one of the most aggressive forms of cancer, is no exception. The microbiota of pancreatic cancer largely influences and even dominates the occurrence, development and outcome of pancreatic cancer in many ways. Studies have shown that microbiota could change the malignant phenotype and prognosis of pancreatic cancer by stimulating persistent inflammation, regulating the antitumor immune system, changing the tumor microenvironment and affecting cellular metabolism. This is why the association of the microbiota with pancreatic cancer is an emerging area of research that warrants further exploration. Herein, we investigated the potential microbial markers of pancreatic cancer, related research models, the mechanism of action of microbiota in pancreatic cancer, and pancreatic cancer-microbiota-related treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shaofeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shi Dong
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wence Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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52
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Bhat SA, Kaur R, Chauhan A, Pal A. The microbiome and precision oncology: an emerging paradigm in anticancer therapy. Crit Rev Microbiol 2022; 48:770-783. [PMID: 35164642 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2035313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the host-microbiome interactions has emerged as an essential factor in improving human health and disease. Recent advances in understanding the intimate relationship of microbes with the host have uncovered various previously unknown underlying causes of disease development, progression, and treatment failure. The dynamic behaviour of the microbiome confers the heterogeneity in treatment response by modulating the immune response and inflammation in various diseases, including cancer. The growing insights into the microbial modulation of cancer through immunoregulation, xenometabolism, and increase in toxicity open a new era of personalised medicine. In the current review, we discuss the essential roles played by the microbiome in modulating the efficacy and toxicity of anticancer therapies (immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy). We also outline the current state of personalised medicine in the context of cancer and microbiome modulation. The knowledge about the role of cancer-microbiome communication will lead to designing other precise microbial modulation strategies for cancer treatment through enhanced efficacy and decreased toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry, PostGraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajandeep Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, PostGraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anshika Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, PostGraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arnab Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, PostGraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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53
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Changizi V, Azadbakht O, Ghanavati R, Behrouj H, Motevaseli E, Khanzadeh P. Effect of Lactobacillus species on apoptosis-related genes BCL2, BAX, and caspase 3 in the testes of gamma-irradiated rats. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2021; 67:1581-1585. [PMID: 34909882 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20210634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ionizing radiation has various applications, including uses in medicine, industry, agriculture, and research. However, ionizing radiation is accompanied by side effects in normal radiosensitive tissues. Probiotics as natural radioprotective agents can protect normal tissues from ionizing radiation. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus species on apoptosis-related genes BCL2, BAX, and caspase 3 (CASP3) in the testes of gamma-irradiated rats. METHODS A total of 30 male Wistar rats were involved in this study. The animals received the whole- body radiation with the dose rate of 2 Gy gamma-ray and were orally gavaged with 0.2 mL of 1×1010 Lactobacillus species in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 4 weeks. Then, the relative gene expression levels of BCL2, BAX, and CASP3 in the testis were assessed by using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS Compared with the control group, radiation significantly downregulated the BCL2 and upregulated the BAX and CASP3 genes (p<0.0001). However, Lactobacillus species significantly reversed these effects. CONCLUSION All in all, according to our results, employing Lactobacilli probiotics as a natural radioprotector may protect radiosensitive tissue from damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Changizi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Allied Medical Sciences School, Technology of Radiology and Radiotherapy Department - Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Azadbakht
- Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Radiology Technology Department - Behbahan, Iran
| | - Roya Ghanavati
- Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical Laboratory Sciences Department - Behbahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Behrouj
- Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical Laboratory Sciences Department - Behbahan, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Advanced Technologies in Medicine School, Molecular Medicine Department - Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Khanzadeh
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Allied Medical Sciences School, Technology of Radiology and Radiotherapy Department - Tehran, Iran
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54
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Jian YP, Yang G, Zhang LH, Liang JY, Zhou HL, Wang YS, Xu ZX. Lactobacillus plantarum alleviates irradiation-induced intestinal injury by activation of FXR-FGF15 signaling in intestinal epithelia. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1845-1856. [PMID: 34881818 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal irradiation (IR) may destroy the intestinal mucosal barrier, leading to severe intestinal infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes. The role of intestinal microbiota in the development of IR-induced intestinal injury remains largely unknown. Herein, we reported that abdominal IR altered the composition of the microbiota and reduced the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiome. Alterations of bacteria, in particular reduction of Lactobacillus, played a critical role in IR-induced intestinal injury. Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) from normal mice or administration of Lactobacillus plantarum to intestinal microbiota-eliminated mice substantially reduced IR-induced intestinal damage and prevented mice from IR-induced death. We further characterized that L. plantarum activated the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) - fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) signaling in intestinal epithelial cells and hence promoted DNA-damage repair. Application of GW4064, an activator of FXR, to microbiota eliminated mice markedly mitigated IR-induced intestinal damage, reduced intestinal epithelial cell death and promoted the survival of IR mice. In contrast, suppression of FXR with Gly-β-MCA, a bile acid and an intestine-selective and high-affinity FXR inhibitor, abrogated L. Plantarum-mediated protection on the ileum of IR mice. Taken together, our findings not only provide new insights into the role of intestinal flora in radiation-induced intestinal injury but also shed new light on the application of probiotics for the protection of radiation-damaged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ping Jian
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ge Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Li-Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ji-Yong Liang
- Department of Systems Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hong-Lan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yi-Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
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55
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Silva M, Brunner V, Tschurtschenthaler M. Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer: From Gut to Bedside. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:760280. [PMID: 34658896 PMCID: PMC8514721 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.760280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex condition with heterogeneous aetiology, caused by a combination of various environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors. The presence of a homeostatic gut microbiota is critical to maintaining host homeostasis and determines the delicate boundary between health and disease. The gut microbiota has been identified as a key environmental player in the pathogenesis of CRC. Perturbations of the gut microbiota structure (loss of equilibrium and homeostasis) are associated with several intestinal diseases including cancer. Such dysbiosis encompasses the loss of beneficial microorganisms, outgrowth of pathogens and pathobionts and a general loss of local microbiota diversity and richness. Notably, several mechanisms have recently been identified how bacteria induce cellular transformation and promote tumour progression. In particular, the formation of biofilms, the production of toxic metabolites or the secretion of genotoxins that lead to DNA damage in intestinal epithelial cells are newly discovered processes by which the microbiota can initiate tumour formation. The gut microbiota has also been implicated in the metabolism of therapeutic drugs (conventional chemotherapy) as well as in the modulation of radiotherapy responses and targeted immunotherapy. These new findings suggest that the efficacy of a given therapy depends on the composition of the host’s gut microbiota and may therefore vary from patient to patient. In this review we discuss the role of host-microbiota interactions in cancer with a focus on CRC pathogenesis. Additionally, we show how gut bacteria can be exploited in current therapies and how mechanisms directed by microbiota, such as immune cell boost, probiotics and oncolytic bacteria, can be applied in the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Silva
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology (GABBA)/ICBAS - Institute for the Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Valentina Brunner
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Therapy, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Tschurtschenthaler
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Therapy, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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56
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Liu L, Chen C, Liu X, Chen B, Ding C, Liang J. Altered Gut Microbiota Associated With Hemorrhage in Chronic Radiation Proctitis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:637265. [PMID: 34722231 PMCID: PMC8554627 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.637265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelvic cancer radiotherapy may cause chronic radiation proctitis (CRP) that adversely affects patient's quality of life, especially in patients with prolonged hematochezia. However, previous studies of radiation enteropathy mainly focused on acute irradiation hazards, and the detailed pathogenesis process and mechanism of prolonged hematochezia associated with radiation-induced toxicity remain unclear. In this study, we characterized the gut microbiota of 32 female CRP patients with or without hematochezia. Differential patterns of dysbiosis were observed. The abundance of Peptostreptococcaceae, Eubacterium, and Allisonella was significantly higher in CRP patients with hematochezia, while the compositions of the Lachnospiraceae, Megasphera, Megamonas, and Ruminococcaceae were lower in the microbiota of non-hematochezia patients. Functional prediction suggested significant difference in the expression of mineral absorption and the arachidonic acid metabolism proteins between hematochezia and non-hematochezia patients, possibly interdependent on radiation-induced inflammation. This study provides new insight into the altered composition and function of gut microbiota in patients with hematochezia, implying the potential use of probiotics and prebiotics for assessment and treatment of CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzhe Liu
- Center for Clinical Precision Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Chaoyun Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Clinical Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingcheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, Maoming Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Maoming, China
| | - Chen Ding
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Jinjun Liang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Clinical Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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57
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Cheng H, Huang H, Guo Z, Chang Y, Li Z. Role of prostaglandin E2 in tissue repair and regeneration. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:8836-8854. [PMID: 34522214 PMCID: PMC8419039 DOI: 10.7150/thno.63396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration following injury from disease or medical treatment still represents a challenge in regeneration medicine. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which involves diverse physiological processes via E-type prostanoid (EP) receptor family, favors the regeneration of various organ systems following injury for its capabilities such as activation of endogenous stem cells, immune regulation, and angiogenesis. Understanding how PGE2 modulates tissue regeneration and then exploring how to elevate the regenerative efficiency of PGE2 will provide key insights into the tissue repair and regeneration processes by PGE2. In this review, we summarized the application of PGE2 to guide the regeneration of different tissues, including skin, heart, liver, kidney, intestine, bone, skeletal muscle, and hematopoietic stem cell regeneration. Moreover, we introduced PGE2-based therapeutic strategies to accelerate the recovery of impaired tissue or organs, including 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) inhibitors boosting endogenous PGE2 levels and biomaterial scaffolds to control PGE2 release.
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58
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Milner E, Stevens B, An M, Lam V, Ainsworth M, Dihle P, Stearns J, Dombrowski A, Rego D, Segars K. Utilizing Probiotics for the Prevention and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:689958. [PMID: 34434175 PMCID: PMC8381467 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.689958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are heavily advertised to promote a healthy gastrointestinal tract and boost the immune system. This review article summarizes the history and diversity of probiotics, outlines conventional in vitro assays and in vivo models, assesses the pharmacologic effects of probiotic and pharmaceutical co-administration, and the broad impact of clinical probiotic utilization for gastrointestinal disease indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Milner
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Benjamin Stevens
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
| | - Martino An
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
| | - Victoria Lam
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
| | - Michael Ainsworth
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
| | - Preston Dihle
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
| | - Jocelyn Stearns
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
| | - Andrew Dombrowski
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
| | - Daniel Rego
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
| | - Katharine Segars
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
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59
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Dong J, Li Y, Xiao H, Cui M, Fan S. Commensal microbiota in the digestive tract: a review of its roles in carcinogenesis and radiotherapy. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 19:j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0476. [PMID: 34369136 PMCID: PMC8763002 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microflora is a complex ecosystem composed of diverse microorganisms mainly distributed in the epidermal and mucosal habitats of the entire body, including the mouth, lung, intestines, skin, and vagina. These microbial communities are involved in many essential functions, such as metabolism, immunity, host nutrition, and diseases. Recent studies have focused on the microbiota associated with cancers, particularly the oral and intestinal microbiota. Radiotherapy, the most effective cytotoxic modality available for solid tumors, contributes to the treatment of cancer patients. Mounting evidence supports that the microbiota plays pivotal roles in the efficacy and prognosis of tumor radiotherapy. Here, we review current research on the microbiota and cancer development, and describe knowledge gaps in the study of radiotherapy and the microbiota. Better understanding of the effects of the microbiome in tumorigenesis and radiotherapy will shed light on future novel prevention and treatment strategies based on modulating the microbiome in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Huiwen Xiao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ming Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Saijun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
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60
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Jian Y, Zhang D, Liu M, Wang Y, Xu ZX. The Impact of Gut Microbiota on Radiation-Induced Enteritis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:586392. [PMID: 34395308 PMCID: PMC8358303 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.586392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an important treatment for abdominal tumors. A critical side effect for this therapy is enteritis. In this review, we aim to summarize recent findings in radiation enteritis, in particular the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the development and therapy of the disease. Gut microbiota dysbiosis plays an important role in the occurrence of various diseases, such as radiation enteritis. Abdominal radiation results in changes in the composition of microbiota and reduces its diversity, which is mainly reflected in the decrease of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. and increase of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp. Gut microbiota dysbiosis aggravates radiation enteritis, weakens intestinal epithelial barrier function, and promotes inflammatory factor expression. Pathogenic Escherichia coli induce the rearrangement and redistribution of claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1 in tight junctions, a critical component in intestinal epithelial barrier. In view of the role that microbiome plays in radiation enteritis, we believe that intestinal flora could be a potential biomarker for the disease. Correction of microbiome by application of probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and antibiotics could be an effective method for the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced enteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Jian
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingdi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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61
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Gut and Endometrial Microbiome Dysbiosis: A New Emergent Risk Factor for Endometrial Cancer. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11070659. [PMID: 34357126 PMCID: PMC8304951 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11070659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynaecological malignancies worldwide. Histologically, two types of endometrial cancer with morphological and molecular differences and also therapeutic implications have been identified. Type I endometrial cancer has an endometrioid morphology and is estrogen-dependent, while Type II appears with non-endometrioid differentiation and follows an estrogen-unrelated pathway. Understanding the molecular biology and genetics of endometrial cancer is crucial for its prognosis and the development of novel therapies for its treatment. However, until now, scant attention has been paid to environmental components like the microbiome. Recently, due to emerging evidence that the uterus is not a sterile cavity, some studies have begun to investigate the composition of the endometrial microbiome and its role in endometrial cancer. In this review, we summarize the current state of this line of investigation, focusing on the relationship between gut and endometrial microbiome and inflammation, estrogen metabolism, and different endometrial cancer therapies.
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62
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Ma T, Chen Y, Li LJ, Zhang LS. Opportunities and Challenges for Gut Microbiota in Acute Leukemia. Front Oncol 2021; 11:692951. [PMID: 34307157 PMCID: PMC8293295 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.692951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute leukemia (AL) is a highly heterogeneous hematologic malignancy, and although great progress has been made in the treatment of AL with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT) and new targeted drugs, problems such as infection and GVHD in AL treatment are still serious. How to reduce the incidence of AL, improve its prognosis and reduce the side effects of treatment is a crucial issue. The gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating disease progression, pathogen colonization, and immune responses. This article reviews recent advances in the gut microbiota and AL pathogenesis, infection, treatment and its role in allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li-Juan Li
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lian-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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63
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Heat Killed Salmonella typhimurium Protects Intestine Against Radiation Injury Through Wnt Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:5550956. [PMID: 34239563 PMCID: PMC8233082 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5550956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity caused by ionizing radiation (IR) is a dose limiting factor in radiotherapy and a great threat for individual nuclear-related military missions. However, there are currently no available strategies to effectively prevent the damage on the intestine induced by IR. In the present study, the protective activity of Heat Killed Salmonella typhimurium (HKST) on intestine against IR was investigated. Through mouse intestinal organoids and whole body irradiation of mice, we found that the pretreatment with HKST significantly preserved the structure of small intestine upon IR exposure and promoted the proliferation of intestinal cells post-IR. Further study revealed that the radioprotective effects of HKST were involved in DNA damage response (DDR) signaling. Moreover, the stimulation of DDR signaling by HKST upon radiation damage was mediated by Wnt signaling, in which the inhibition of Wnt signaling diminished the radioprotective effects of HKST. To sum up, our study suggested HKST as a potential radioprotectant used for prevention of IR-induced GI toxicity.
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64
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Owens JA, Saeedi BJ, Naudin CR, Hunter-Chang S, Barbian ME, Eboka RU, Askew L, Darby TM, Robinson BS, Jones RM. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Orchestrates an Antitumor Immune Response. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1311-1327. [PMID: 34111601 PMCID: PMC8463873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In colorectal cancer, approximately 95% of patients are refractory to immunotherapy because of low antitumor immune responses. Therefore, there is an exigent need to develop treatments that increase antitumor immune responses and decrease tumor burden to enhance immunotherapy. METHODS The gut microbiome has been described as a master modulator of immune responses. We administered the human commensal, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), to mice and characterized the changes in the gut immune landscape. Because the presence of lactobacilli in the gut microbiome has been linked with decreased tumor burden and antitumor immune responses, we also supplemented a genetic and a chemical model of murine intestinal cancer with LGG. For clinical relevance, we therapeutically administered LGG after tumors had formed. We also tested for the requirement of CD8 T cells in LGG-mediated modulation of gut tumor burden. RESULTS We detected increased colonic CD8 T-cell responses specifically in LGG-supplemented mice. The CD8 T-cell induction was dependent on dendritic cell activation mediated via Toll-like receptor-2, thereby describing a novel mechanism in which a member of the human microbiome induces an intestinal CD8 T-cell response. We also show that LGG decreased tumor burden in the murine gut cancer models by a CD8 T-cell-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS These data support the potential use of LGG to augment antitumor immune responses in colorectal cancer patients and ultimately for increasing the breadth and efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Owens
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bejan J. Saeedi
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Crystal R. Naudin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sarah Hunter-Chang
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Maria E. Barbian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Richard U. Eboka
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lauren Askew
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Trevor M. Darby
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Brian S. Robinson
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rheinallt M. Jones
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia,Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Rheinallt M. Jones, PhD, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30322. fax: (404) 727-8538.
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Hollingsworth BA, Cassatt DR, DiCarlo AL, Rios CI, Satyamitra MM, Winters TA, Taliaferro LP. Acute Radiation Syndrome and the Microbiome: Impact and Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:643283. [PMID: 34084131 PMCID: PMC8167050 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.643283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Study of the human microbiota has been a centuries-long endeavor, but since the inception of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Human Microbiome Project in 2007, research has greatly expanded, including the space involving radiation injury. As acute radiation syndrome (ARS) is multisystemic, the microbiome niches across all areas of the body may be affected. This review highlights advances in radiation research examining the effect of irradiation on the microbiome and its potential use as a target for medical countermeasures or biodosimetry approaches, or as a medical countermeasure itself. The authors also address animal model considerations for designing studies, and the potential to use the microbiome as a biomarker to assess radiation exposure and predict outcome. Recent research has shown that the microbiome holds enormous potential for mitigation of radiation injury, in the context of both radiotherapy and radiological/nuclear public health emergencies. Gaps still exist, but the field is moving forward with much promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brynn A Hollingsworth
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, United States
| | - David R Cassatt
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Andrea L DiCarlo
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Carmen I Rios
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Merriline M Satyamitra
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Thomas A Winters
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Lanyn P Taliaferro
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, United States
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66
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Otegbeye EE, Mitchem JB, Park H, Chaudhuri AA, Kim H, Mutch MG, Ciorba MA. Immunity, immunotherapy, and rectal cancer: A clinical and translational science review. Transl Res 2021; 231:124-138. [PMID: 33307273 PMCID: PMC8016725 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rectal cancer remains a challenging disease to treat. Therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), the most frequent presentation, has evolved to include a multimodal approach of radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery. While this approach improves local disease control, the distant recurrence rate is nearly 30% and treatment-related morbidity is substantial, thus underscoring the need for new therapeutic approaches with better efficacy and lower side effects. Immunotherapy could potentially fill this need, but its promise is not yet realized in rectal cancer. In this translational science review, we address what is known about how cytotoxic therapies shape rectal cancer immunity and potentially prime the tumor microenvironment for response to immune checkpoint inhibitors and other immunotherapies. We also address the role of current immunotherapies in colorectal cancer and highlight where novel immunotherapy approaches are currently being evaluated in LARC. Finally, we address important future directions in LARC immunotherapy including the need to define optimal therapeutic sequencing, predictive biomarkers, strategies to limit treatment-related side effects and the potential of gut microbiome manipulation to improve outcomes. In summary, this review provides a framework to guide future research and inform immunotherapy trial design so as to advance rectal cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebunoluwa E Otegbeye
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jonathan B Mitchem
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; Surgical Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Haeseong Park
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Aadel A Chaudhuri
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Hyun Kim
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Matthew G Mutch
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Surgery, Section of Colorectal Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Matthew A Ciorba
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center and the Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
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67
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Ionizing radiation and toll like receptors: A systematic review article. Hum Immunol 2021; 82:446-454. [PMID: 33812705 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation, including X and gamma rays, are used for various purposes such as; medicine, nuclear power, research, manufacturing, food preservation and construction. Furthermore, people are also exposed to ionizing radiation from their workplace or the environment. Apart from DNA fragmentation resulting in apoptosis, several additional mechanisms have been proposed to describe how radiation can alter human cell functions. Ionizing radiation may alter immune responses, which are the main cause of human disorders. Toll like receptors (TLRs) are important human innate immunity receptors which participate in several immune and non-immune cell functions including, induction of appropriate immune responses and immune related disorders. Based on the role played by ionizing radiation on human cell systems, it has been hypothesized that radiation may affect immune responses. Therefore, the main aim of this review article is to discuss recent information regarding the effects of ionizing radiation on TLRs and their related disorders.
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68
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Jang HJ, Son S, Kim JA, Jung MY, Choi YJ, Kim DH, Lee HK, Shin D, Kim Y. Characterization and Functional Test of Canine Probiotics. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:625562. [PMID: 33763044 PMCID: PMC7982664 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.625562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics can modulate the composition of gut microbiota and benefit the host animal health in multiple ways. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), mainly Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species, are well-known microbes with probiotic potential. In the present study, 88 microbial strains were isolated from canine feces and annotated. Among these, the four strains CACC517, 537, 558, and 566 were tested for probiotic characteristics, and their beneficial effects on hosts were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo; these strains exhibited antibiosis, antibiotic activity, acid and bile tolerance, and relative cell adhesion to the HT-29 monolayer cell line. Byproducts of these strains increased the viability and decreased oxidative stress in mouse and dog cell lines (RAW264.7 and DH82, respectively). Subsequently, when the probiotics were applied to the clinical trial, changes in microbial composition and relative abundance of bacterial strains were clearly observed in the experimental animals. Experimental groups before and after the application were obviously separated from PCA analysis of clinical results. Conclusively, these results could provide comprehensive understanding of the effects of probiotic strains (CACC517, 537, 558, and 566) and their industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jun Jang
- Department of Research and Development, Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Seungwoo Son
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, South Korea.,The Animal Molecular Genetics & Breeding Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, South Korea
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- Department of Research and Development, Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup-si, South Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, South Korea
| | - Min Young Jung
- Department of Research and Development, Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Jae Choi
- Department of Research and Development, Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Research and Development, Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup-si, South Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, South Korea
| | - Hak Kyo Lee
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, South Korea.,The Animal Molecular Genetics & Breeding Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, South Korea
| | - Donghyun Shin
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, South Korea.,The Animal Molecular Genetics & Breeding Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, South Korea
| | - Yangseon Kim
- Department of Research and Development, Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
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Chen Y, Ye Z, Seidler U, Tian D, Xiao F. Microenvironmental regulation of intestinal stem cells in the inflamed intestine. Life Sci 2021; 273:119298. [PMID: 33667519 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The rapid renewal of intestinal epithelium during homeostasis requires balanced proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) at the base of crypt. Upon intestinal inflammation, the vigorous expansion of surviving ISCs is responsible for epithelial repair. However, it is not well depicted how ISCs adapt to the inflammatory conditions within intestinal tissue and support epithelial repair. In the intestinal inflammation, niche cells around ISCs along with their secreted niche factors can facilitate the regeneration of ISCs via niche signals. Additionally, the growth of ISCs can respond to inflammatory cells, inflammatory cytokines, and inflammatory signals. Understanding the adaptive mechanism of ISCs in supporting intestinal epithelial regeneration during inflammation is a focus on the treatment for patients with intestinal inflammation. Here, we aim to present an overview of how ISCs adapt to the acute inflammation to support intestinal repair, with a focus on the roles and interaction of niche signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Gastsroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhenghao Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology of Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ursula Seidler
- Department of Gastroenterology of Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dean Tian
- Department of Gastsroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Gastsroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China.
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70
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Liu Y, Li Z, Wu Y, Jing X, Li L, Fang X. Intestinal Bacteria Encapsulated by Biomaterials Enhance Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 11:620170. [PMID: 33643302 PMCID: PMC7902919 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.620170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human intestine contains thousands of bacterial species essential for optimal health. Aside from their pathogenic effects, these bacteria have been associated with the efficacy of various treatments of diseases. Due to their impact on many human diseases, intestinal bacteria are receiving increasing research attention, and recent studies on intestinal bacteria and their effects on treatments has yielded valuable results. Particularly, intestinal bacteria can affect responses to numerous forms of immunotherapy, especially cancer therapy. With the development of precision medicine, understanding the factors that influence intestinal bacteria and how they can be regulated to enhance immunotherapy effects will improve the application prospects of intestinal bacteria therapy. Further, biomaterials employed for the convenient and efficient delivery of intestinal bacteria to the body have also become a research hotspot. In this review, we discuss the recent findings on the regulatory role of intestinal bacteria in immunotherapy, focusing on immune cells they regulate. We also summarize biomaterials used for their delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilun Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhongmin Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanyu Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiabin Jing
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuedong Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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71
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Grim C, Noble R, Uribe G, Khanipov K, Johnson P, Koltun WA, Watts T, Fofanov Y, Yochum GS, Powell DW, Beswick EJ, Pinchuk IV. Impairment of Tissue-Resident Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Chronic Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:1362-1375. [PMID: 33506258 PMCID: PMC8328298 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Little is known about the presence and function of tissue-resident mesenchymal stem cells [MtSCs] within the gastrointestinal mucosa in health and inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. The contribution of MtSCs to the generation of inflammatory fibroblasts during IBD is also poorly understood. We hypothesized that IBD-MtSCs are impaired and contribute to the generation of the pathological myofibroblasts in IBD. METHODS In a cohort of clinically and endoscopically active IBD patients and normal controls, we used quantitative RT-PCR and stem cell differentiation assays, as well as confocal microscopy, to characterize MtSCs. RESULTS Expression of two stem cell markers, Oct4 and ALDH1A, was increased in the inflamed IBD colonic mucosa and correlated with an increase of the mesenchymal lineage marker Grem1 in ulcerative colitis [UC], but not Crohn's disease [CD]. Increased proliferation and aberrant differentiation of Oct4+Grem1+ MtSC-like cells was observed in UC, but not in CD colonic mucosa. In contrast to normal and UC-derived MtSCs, CD-MtSCs lose their clonogenic and most of their differentiation capacities. Our data also suggest that severe damage to these cells in CD may account for the pathological PD-L1low phenotype of CD myofibroblasts. In contrast, aberrant differentiation of MtSCs appears to be involved in the appearance of pathological partially differentiated PD-L1high myofibroblasts within the inflammed colonic mucosa in UC. CONCLUSION Our data show, for the first time, that the progenitor functions of MtSCs are differentially impaired in CD vs UC, providing a scientific rationale for the use of allogeneic MSC therapy in IBD, and particularly in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Grim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA,Institute of Translational Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Robert Noble
- Department of Medicine, PennState Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Gabriela Uribe
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA,Institute of Translational Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA,Department of Medicine, PennState Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Kamil Khanipov
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, at the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Johnson
- Institute of Translational Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, at the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Walter A Koltun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, PennState Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Tammara Watts
- Institute of Translational Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA,Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yuriy Fofanov
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, at the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Gregory S Yochum
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Don W Powell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA,Institute of Translational Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Ellen J Beswick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, PennState Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Irina V Pinchuk
- Institute of Translational Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA,Department of Medicine, PennState Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA,Corresponding author: Iryna V. Pinchuk, PhD, PennState Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center 500, University Dr., Hershey, PA 17033, USA. E-mail:
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72
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Stenson WF, Ciorba MA. Nonmicrobial Activation of TLRs Controls Intestinal Growth, Wound Repair, and Radioprotection. Front Immunol 2021; 11:617510. [PMID: 33552081 PMCID: PMC7859088 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.617510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TLRs, key components of the innate immune system, recognize microbial molecules. However, TLRs also recognize some nonmicrobial molecules. In particular, TLR2 and TLR4 recognize hyaluronic acid, a glycosaminoglycan in the extracellular matrix. In neonatal mice endogenous hyaluronic acid binding to TLR4 drives normal intestinal growth. Hyaluronic acid binding to TLR4 in pericryptal macrophages results in cyclooxygenase2- dependent PGE2 production, which transactivates EGFR in LGR5+ crypt epithelial stem cells leading to increased proliferation. The expanded population of LGR5+ stem cells leads to crypt fission and lengthening of the intestine and colon. Blocking this pathway at any point (TLR4 activation, PGE2 production, EGFR transactivation) results in diminished intestinal and colonic growth. A similar pathway leads to epithelial proliferation in wound repair. The repair phase of dextran sodium sulfate colitis is marked by increased epithelial proliferation. In this model, TLR2 and TLR4 in pericryptal macrophages are activated by microbial products or by host hyaluronic acid, resulting in production of CXCL12, a chemokine. CXCL12 induces the migration of cyclooxygenase2-expressing mesenchymal stem cells from the lamina propria of the upper colonic crypts to a site adjacent to LGR5+ epithelial stem cells. PGE2 released by these mesenchymal stem cells transactivates EGFR in LGR5+ epithelial stem cells leading to increased proliferation. Several TLR2 and TLR4 agonists, including hyaluronic acid, are radioprotective in the intestine through the inhibition of radiation-induced apoptosis in LGR5+ epithelial stem cells. Administration of exogenous TLR2 or TLR4 agonists activates TLR2/TLR4 on pericryptal macrophages inducing CXCL12 production with migration of cyclooxygenase2-expressing mesenchymal stem cells from the lamina propria of the villi to a site adjacent to LGR5+ epithelial stem cells. PGE2 produced by these mesenchymal stem cells, blocks radiation-induced apoptosis in LGR5+ epithelial stem cells by an EGFR mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F. Stenson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
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Tang D, Zeng T, Wang Y, Cui H, Wu J, Zou B, Tao Z, Zhang L, Garside GB, Tao S. Dietary restriction increases protective gut bacteria to rescue lethal methotrexate-induced intestinal toxicity. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1714401. [PMID: 31983316 PMCID: PMC7524152 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1714401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a typical chemotherapeutic drug that is widely used in the treatment of various malignant diseases as well as autoimmune diseases, with gastrointestinal toxicity being its most prominent complication which could have a significant effect on the prognosis of patients. Yet effective ways to alleviate such complications remains to be explored. Here we show that 30% dietary restriction (DR) for 2 weeks dramatically increased the survival rate of 2-month-old female mice after lethal-dose MTX exposure. DR significantly reduced intestinal inflammation, preserved the number of basal crypt PCNA-positive cells, and protected the function of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) after MTX treatment. Furthermore, ablating intestinal microbiota by broad-spectrum antibiotics completely eliminated the protective effect achieved by DR. 16S rRNA gene deep-sequencing analysis revealed that short-term DR significantly increased the Lactobacillus genus, with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG gavage partially mimicking the rescue effect of DR on the intestines of ad libitum fed mice exposed to lethal-dose MTX. Together, the current study reveals that DR could be a highly effective way to alleviate the lethal injury in the intestine after high-dose MTX treatment, which is functionally mediated by increasing the protective intestinal microbiota taxa in mice. Keywords: Dietary restriction, Methotrexate, Gut microbiota, Intestinal stem cells, intestinal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duozhuang Tang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China,Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China,Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hui Cui
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianying Wu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bing Zou
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhendong Tao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Province Hospital of Integrated Chinese & Western Medicine, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liu Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - George B. Garside
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Si Tao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China,CONTACT Si Tao Min-De Road. 1, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province330006, China
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Oral delivery of bacteria: Basic principles and biomedical applications. J Control Release 2020; 327:801-833. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Tonneau M, Elkrief A, Pasquier D, Paz Del Socorro T, Chamaillard M, Bahig H, Routy B. The role of the gut microbiome on radiation therapy efficacy and gastrointestinal complications: A systematic review. Radiother Oncol 2020; 156:1-9. [PMID: 33137398 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is an essential component of therapy either curative or palliative armamentarium in oncology, but its efficacy varies considerably among patients through many extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms of the tumour, which are beginning to be better understood. Recent studies have shown that the gut microbiome represents a key factor in the modulation of the systemic immune response and consequently on patients' outcome. Moreover, the emergence of biomarkers that are derived from the gut microbiota has fuelled the development of adjuvant strategies for patients treated with immunotherapy in combination or not with RT. Despite progress in development of more precise radiotherapy techniques, almost all patients undergoing RT to the abdomen, pelvis, or rectum develop acute adverse events as a consequence of several dose-limiting parameters such as the location of irradiation that may subsequently damage normal tissue including the intestinal epithelium. Several lines of evidence in preclinical models identified that vancomycin improves RT-induced gastrointestinal toxicities such as diarrhea and oral mucositis. In order to gain further insight into this rapidly evolving field, we have systematically reviewed the studies that have described how the gut microbiome may directly or indirectly modulate RT efficacy and its gastro-intestinal toxicities. Lastly, we outline current knowledge gaps and discuss potentially more satisfactory therapeutic options to restore the functionality of the gut microbiome of patients treated with RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Tonneau
- Département universitaire de radiothérapie, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France
| | - Arielle Elkrief
- Centre de recherche de l'Université de Montréal, (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - David Pasquier
- Département universitaire de radiothérapie, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France; CRIStAL UMR 9189, Lille University, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003 - PHYCEL - Physiologie Cellulaire, F-59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Mathias Chamaillard
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003 - PHYCEL - Physiologie Cellulaire, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Houda Bahig
- Centre de recherche de l'Université de Montréal, (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, (CHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bertrand Routy
- Centre de recherche de l'Université de Montréal, (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, (CHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.
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76
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Guo H, Chou WC, Lai Y, Liang K, Tam JW, Brickey WJ, Chen L, Montgomery ND, Li X, Bohannon LM, Sung AD, Chao NJ, Peled JU, Gomes ALC, van den Brink MRM, French MJ, Macintyre AN, Sempowski GD, Tan X, Sartor RB, Lu K, Ting JPY. Multi-omics analyses of radiation survivors identify radioprotective microbes and metabolites. Science 2020; 370:eaay9097. [PMID: 33122357 PMCID: PMC7898465 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay9097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation causes acute radiation syndrome, which leads to hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and cerebrovascular injuries. We investigated a population of mice that recovered from high-dose radiation to live normal life spans. These "elite-survivors" harbored distinct gut microbiota that developed after radiation and protected against radiation-induced damage and death in both germ-free and conventionally housed recipients. Elevated abundances of members of the bacterial taxa Lachnospiraceae and Enterococcaceae were associated with postradiation restoration of hematopoiesis and gastrointestinal repair. These bacteria were also found to be more abundant in leukemia patients undergoing radiotherapy, who also displayed milder gastrointestinal dysfunction. In our study in mice, metabolomics revealed increased fecal concentrations of microbially derived propionate and tryptophan metabolites in elite-survivors. The administration of these metabolites caused long-term radioprotection, mitigation of hematopoietic and gastrointestinal syndromes, and a reduction in proinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wei-Chun Chou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yunjia Lai
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kaixin Liang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jason W Tam
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - W June Brickey
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nathan D Montgomery
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lauren M Bohannon
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy/BMT, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anthony D Sung
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy/BMT, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nelson J Chao
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy/BMT, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan U Peled
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonio L C Gomes
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Xianming Tan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R Balfour Sartor
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jenny P Y Ting
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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77
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Li Y, Yan H, Zhang Y, Li Q, Yu L, Li Q, Liu C, Xie Y, Chen K, Ye F, Wang K, Chen L, Ding Y. Alterations of the Gut Microbiome Composition and Lipid Metabolic Profile in Radiation Enteritis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:541178. [PMID: 33194790 PMCID: PMC7609817 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.541178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation enteritis (RE) is a common complication in cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. Although studies have shown the changes of this disease at clinical, pathological and other levels, the dynamic characteristics of local microbiome and metabolomics are hitherto unknown. We aimed to examine the multi-omics features of the gut microecosystem, determining the functional correlation between microbiome and lipid metabolites during RE activity. By delivering single high-dose irradiation, a RE mouse model was established. High-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing and global lipidomics analysis were performed to examine microbial and lipidomic profile changes in the gut microecosystem. Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the functional correlation between bacteria and metabolites. Clinical samples were collected to validate the above observations. During RE activity, the intestinal inflammation of the mice was confirmed by typical signs, symptoms, imaging findings and pathological evidences. 16S datasets revealed that localized irradiation dramatically altered the gut microbial composition, resulting in a decrease ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes. Lipidomics analysis indicated the remarkable lipidomic profile changes in enteric epithelial barrier, determining that glycerophospholipids metabolism was correlated to RE progression with the highest relevance. Spearman correlation analysis identified that five bacteria-metabolite pairs showed the most significant functional correlation in RE, including Alistipes-PC(36:0e), Bacteroides-DG(18:0/20:4), Dubosiella-PC(35:2), Eggerthellaceae-PC(35:6), and Escherichia-Shigella-TG(18:2/18:2/20:4). These observations were partly confirmed in human specimens. Our study provided a comprehensive description of microbiota dysbiosis and lipid metabolic disorders in RE, suggesting strategies to change local microecosystem to relieve radiation injury and maintain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaowei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Li
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyu Li
- Medical Imaging Specialty, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiting Liu
- Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwen Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keli Chen
- HuiQiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longhua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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78
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Galan-Ros J, Ramos-Arenas V, Conesa-Zamora P. Predictive values of colon microbiota in the treatment response to colorectal cancer. Pharmacogenomics 2020; 21:1045-1059. [PMID: 32896201 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2020-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between the colon mucosa and the microbiota represents a complex and delicate equilibrium. Gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer (CRC) are associated with a state of altered microbiota composition known as dysbiosis, which seems to play a causative role in some of these illnesses. Recent reports have shown that the colorectal microbiome is responsible for the response and safety to treatments against CRC, especially immunotherapy, hence opening the possibility to use bacteria as a predictive marker and also as a therapeutic agent. The review objective is to summarize updated reports about the the implication of the colorectal microbiome in the development of CRC, in treatment response and its potential as a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Galan-Ros
- Microbiology Department, Santa Lucia University Hospital (HGUSL), Cartagena, 30202, Spain
| | - Verónica Ramos-Arenas
- Clinical Analysis Department, Santa Lucia University Hospital (HGUSL), Cartagena, 30202, Spain
| | - Pablo Conesa-Zamora
- Clinical Analysis Department, Santa Lucia University Hospital (HGUSL), Cartagena, 30202, Spain.,Department of Histology & Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, 30107, Spain.,Research Group on Molecular Pathology & Pharmacogenetics, Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Calle Mezquita sn, Cartagena, 30202, Spain
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79
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Sittipo P, Pham HQ, Park CE, Kang GU, Zhi Y, Ji HJ, Jang A, Seo HS, Shin JH, Lee YK. Irradiation-Induced Intestinal Damage Is Recovered by the Indigenous Gut Bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:415. [PMID: 32974214 PMCID: PMC7461978 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal tract is one of the most sensitive organs following irradiation. The protective effect of specific indigenous microbiota on irradiation-induced damage to intestinal epithelial cells has not been reported. Mice were irradiated with a single dose of 6 Gy of gamma rays. The intestinal damage was analyzed by histopathology. Intestinal stemness and differentiation were determined by intestinal organoid culture. Microbiota community was observed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing and oligotyping analysis. We showed that distal small intestine was damaged by sublethal dose of gamma irradiation. Intestinal organoids derived from the irradiated mice showed defects in budding and mucin expression, suggesting the detrimental effect of irradiation on the intestinal stemness and differentiation. In addition, irradiation reduced intestinal immunoglobulin A level, concomitant with decreased microbiota diversity based on our high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing data. Especially, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was reduced at early time point post-irradiation; however, it was recovered at late time point. Oligotyping analysis within the Lactobacillus genus indicated that Lactobacillus-related oligotype 1 (OT1) including Lactobacillus acidophilus might drive recovery after irradiation as it was associated with increased long-term numbers post-exposure. We showed that treatment with heat-killed L. acidophilus rescued the budding-impaired organoids and induced sufficient differentiation in epithelial cells, and particularly mucin-producing cells, in intestinal organoids. This study provides the first evidence that the indigenous gut bacteria L. acidophilus enhance intestinal epithelial function with respect to irradiation-induced intestinal damage by improving intestinal stem cell function and cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panida Sittipo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Huy Quang Pham
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chang Eon Park
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Gi-Ung Kang
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yong Zhi
- Radiation Biotechnology Research Division, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Ji
- Radiation Biotechnology Research Division, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Ayeung Jang
- Radiation Biotechnology Research Division, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- Radiation Biotechnology Research Division, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
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80
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Chen L, Liao F, Jiang Z, Zhang C, Wang Z, Luo P, Jiang Q, Wu J, Wang Q, Luo M, Li X, Leng Y, Ma L, Shen G, Chen Z, Wang Y, Tan X, Gan Y, Liu D, Liu Y, Shi C. Metformin mitigates gastrointestinal radiotoxicity and radiosensitises P53 mutation colorectal tumours via optimising autophagy. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3991-4006. [PMID: 32472692 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is an urgent but unmet need for mitigating radiation-induced intestinal toxicity while radio sensitising tumours for abdominal radiotherapy. We aimed to investigate the effects of metformin on radiation-induced intestinal toxicity and radiosensitivity of colorectal tumours. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Acute and chronic histological injuries of the intestine from mice were used to assess radioprotection and IEC-6 cell line was used to investigate the mechanisms in vitro. The fractionated abdominal radiation model of HCT116 and HT29 tumour grafts was used to determine the effects on colorectal cancer. KEY RESULTS Metformin alleviated radiation-induced acute and chronic intestinal toxicity by optimising mitophagy which was AMPK-dependent. In addition, our data indicated that metformin increased the radiosensitivity of colorectal tumours with P53 mutation both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Metformin may be a radiotherapy adjuvant agent for colorectal cancers especially those carrying P53 mutation. Our findings provide a new strategy for further precise clinical trials for metformin on radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Fengying Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qingzhi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Min Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xueru Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Gener Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Leng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Gener Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - Le Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Gufang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zelin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yibo Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Dengqun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yunsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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81
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Yan F, Polk DB. Probiotics and Probiotic-Derived Functional Factors-Mechanistic Insights Into Applications for Intestinal Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1428. [PMID: 32719681 PMCID: PMC7348054 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in our understanding of the contribution of the gut microbiota to human health and the correlation of dysbiosis with diseases, including chronic intestinal conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), have driven mechanistic investigations of probiotics in intestinal homeostasis and potential clinical applications. Probiotics have been shown to promote intestinal health by maintaining and restoring epithelial function, ensuring mucosal immune homeostasis, and inhibiting pathogenic bacteria. Recent findings reveal an approach for defining previously unrecognized probiotic-derived soluble factors as potential mechanisms of probiotic action. This review focuses on the impact of probiotics and probiotic-derived functional factors, including probiotic products and metabolites by probiotics, on the cellular responses and signaling pathways involved in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Although there is limited information regarding the translation of probiotic treatment outcomes from in vitro and animal studies to clinical applications, potential approaches for increasing the clinical efficacy of probiotics for IBD, such as those based on probiotic-derived factors, are highlighted in this review. In this era of precision medicine and targeted therapies, more basic, preclinical, and clinical evidence is needed to clarify the efficacy of probiotics in maintaining intestinal health and preventing and treating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - D Brent Polk
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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82
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Li Y, Dong J, Xiao H, Zhang S, Wang B, Cui M, Fan S. Gut commensal derived-valeric acid protects against radiation injuries. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:789-806. [PMID: 31931652 PMCID: PMC7524389 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1709387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic and intestinal systems side effects are frequently found in patients who suffered from accidental or medical radiation exposure. In this case, we investigated the effects of gut microbiota produced-valeric acid (VA) on radiation-induced injuries. METHODS Mice were exposed to total body irradiation (TBI) or total abdominal irradiation (TAI) to mimic accidental or clinical scenarios. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed to assess short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in fecal pellets. Oral gavage with VA was used to mitigate radiation-induced toxicity. Gross examination was performed to assess tissue injuries of thymus, spleen and small intestine. High-throughput sequencing was used to characterize the gut microbiota profile. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) were performed to analyze the difference of protein profile. Hydrodynamic-based gene delivery assay was performed to silence KRT1 in vivo. RESULTS VA exerted the most significant radioprotection among the SCFAs. In detail, VA replenishment elevated the survival rate of irradiated mice, protected hematogenic organs, improved gastrointestinal (GI) tract function and intestinal epithelial integrity in irradiated mice. High-throughput sequencing and iTRAQ showed that oral gavage of VA restored the enteric bacteria taxonomic proportions, reprogrammed the small intestinal protein profile of mice following TAI exposure. Importantly, keratin 1 (KRT1) played a pivotal role in the radioprotection of VA. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide new insights into gut microbiota-produced VA and underpin that VA might be employed as a therapeutic option to mitigate radiation injury in pre-clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiali Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiwen Xiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China,CONTACT Ming Cui ; Saijun Fan
| | - Saijun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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83
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Wolfarth AA, Liu X, Darby TM, Boyer DJ, Spizman JB, Owens JA, Chandrasekharan B, Naudin CR, Hanley KZ, Robinson BS, Ortlund EA, Jones RM, Neish AS. Proline-Rich Acidic Protein 1 (PRAP1) Protects the Gastrointestinal Epithelium From Irradiation-Induced Apoptosis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 10:713-727. [PMID: 32629119 PMCID: PMC7498829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The intestinal epithelium must be resilient to physiochemical stress to uphold the physiological barrier separating the systemic compartment from the microbial and antigenic components of the gut lumen. Identifying proteins that mediate protection and enhancing their expression is therefore a clear approach to promote intestinal health. We previously reported that oral ingestion of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG not only induced the expression of several recognized cytoprotective factors in the murine colon, but also many genes with no previously described function, including the gene encoding proline-rich acidic protein 1 (PRAP1). PRAP1 is a highly expressed protein in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract and we sought to define its function in this tissue. METHODS Purified preparations of recombinant PRAP1 were analyzed biochemically and PRAP1 antisera were used to visualize localization in tissues. Prap1-/- mice were characterized at baseline and challenged with total body irradiation, then enteroids were generated to recapitulate the irradiation challenge ex vivo. RESULTS PRAP1 is a 17-kilodalton intrinsically disordered protein with no recognizable sequence homology. PRAP1 expression levels were high in the epithelia of the small intestine. Although Prap1-/- mice presented only mild phenotypes at baseline, they were highly susceptible to intestinal injury upon challenge. After irradiation, the Prap1-/- mice showed accelerated death with a significant increase in apoptosis and p21 expression in the small intestinal epithelium. CONCLUSIONS PRAP1 is an intrinsically disordered protein highly expressed by the gastrointestinal epithelium and functions at exposed surfaces to protect the barrier from oxidative insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A Wolfarth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Trevor M Darby
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Darra J Boyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jocelyn B Spizman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joshua A Owens
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bindu Chandrasekharan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Crystal R Naudin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Krisztina Z Hanley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Brian S Robinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rheinallt M Jones
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andrew S Neish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
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84
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Joseph NT, Shankar SR, Narasimhamurthy RK, Rao SBS, Mumbrekar KD. Bi-Directional interactions between microbiota and ionizing radiation in head and neck and pelvic radiotherapy - clinical relevance. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:961-971. [PMID: 32420768 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1770361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Rapid developments in high throughput screening technology for the detection and identification of the human microbiota have helped in understanding its influence on human health and disease. In the recent past, several seminal studies have demonstrated the influence of microbiota on outcomes of therapy-associated radiation exposure. In this review, we highlight the concepts related to the mechanisms by which radiation alters the microbiota composition linked with radiation-associated toxicity in head and neck and pelvic regions. We further discuss specific microbial changes that can be employed as a biomarker for radiation and tumor response.Conclusion: Knowledge of the influence of microbiota in radiation response and advances in microbiota manipulation techniques would help to design personalized treatment augmenting the efficacy of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhya Teresa Joseph
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Saligrama R Shankar
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Rekha K Narasimhamurthy
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Satish Bola Sadashiva Rao
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Kamalesh Dattaram Mumbrekar
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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85
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Goldsmith JR, Spitofsky N, Zamani A, Hood R, Boggs A, Li X, Li M, Reiner E, Ayyaz A, Etwebi Z, Lu L, Rivera Guzman J, Bou-Dargham MJ, Cathoupolis T, Hakonarson H, Sun H, Wrana JL, Gonzalez MV, Chen YH. TNFAIP8 controls murine intestinal stem cell homeostasis and regeneration by regulating microbiome-induced Akt signaling. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2591. [PMID: 32444641 PMCID: PMC7244529 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16379-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestine is a highly dynamic environment that requires tight control of the various inputs to maintain homeostasis and allow for proper responses to injury. It was recently found that the stem cell niche and epithelium is regenerated after injury by de-differentiated adult cells, through a process that gives rise to Sca1+ fetal-like cells and is driven by a transient population of Clu+ revival stem cells (revSCs). However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate this dynamic process have not been fully defined. Here we show that TNFAIP8 (also known as TIPE0) is a regulator of intestinal homeostasis that is vital for proper regeneration. TIPE0 functions through inhibiting basal Akt activation by the commensal microbiota via modulating membrane phospholipid abundance. Loss of TIPE0 in mice results in injury-resistant enterocytes, that are hyperproliferative, yet have regenerative deficits and are shifted towards a de-differentiated state. Tipe0-/- enterocytes show basal induction of the Clu+ regenerative program and a fetal gene expression signature marked by Sca1, but upon injury are unable to generate Sca-1+/Clu+ revSCs and could not regenerate the epithelium. This work demonstrates the role of TIPE0 in regulating the dynamic signaling that determines the injury response and enables intestinal epithelial cell regenerative plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Goldsmith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Nina Spitofsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ali Zamani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ryan Hood
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Amanda Boggs
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mingyue Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth Reiner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- University of Pikeville-Kentucky School of Osteopathic Medicine, Pikeville, KY, 41501, USA
| | - Arshad Ayyaz
- Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zienab Etwebi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Javier Rivera Guzman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland Baltimore College, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Mayassa J Bou-Dargham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Terry Cathoupolis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Honghong Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Wrana
- Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael V Gonzalez
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Youhai H Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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86
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Gao R, Zhang X, Huang L, Shen R, Qin H. Gut Microbiota Alteration After Long-Term Consumption of Probiotics in the Elderly. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020. [PMID: 29520675 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota has been proven to be of crucial importance in maintaining human health. However, the microbiota profile changes with aging, while the loss of microbiota diversity and the alterations in the optimal composition and quantity of beneficial microbes are believed to increase the risk of many diseases. Although the short-term modulatory impact of probiotics on gut microbiota has been revealed in various studies, no studies focused on longer time consumption of probiotics have been demonstrated. In this study, we found that microbial diversity in the probiotic group was similar to that in the control. We identified a panel of microbiota changes, such as Blautia (10.24 vs. 3.76%, P = 0.006), Streptococcus (7.38 vs. 1.16%, P = 0.004), and Enterococcus (0.13 vs. 0.00%, P = 0.030) were more abundant in the probiotic group. Faecalibacterium, a genus containing anti-inflammatory property, also had a higher abundance in the probiotic group in the gut. The microbiota architecture in the different probiotic dose groups was also revealed. No statistical difference was observed in regard to the short-chain fatty acid concentration between the groups. High-dose intake of probiotics resulted in lower microbial richness. The profile of inflammatory factors indicated that only the level of IL-1β was higher in the probiotic population. Taken together, our study demonstrated that the long-time intake of probiotics caused significant changes in the gut microbiota structure, including an increase in the composition of beneficial microorganisms, which might contribute to the maintenance of host health and homeostasis of microenvironment. More prospective cohorts were needed to illustrate the influences of probiotics on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyuan Gao
- Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Linsheng Huang
- Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongrong Shen
- Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanlong Qin
- Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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87
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Stem and Progenitor Cells in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1201:125-157. [PMID: 31898785 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31206-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The global epidemic of chronic degenerative diseases expands rapidly. The pathogenesis of these noncommunicable disorders revolves around innate immunity, microbiome, and stem cell alterations. Understanding the mechanisms behind stem cell biology and their regulatory pathways is a key to understanding the origin of human disease. Stem cells are involved in tissue and organ damage and regeneration. The evidence is mounting that not only eukaryotic cells but also gut microbiota may release extracellular microvesicles that are absorbed from the gut into the portal and systemic circulation. Linking the fields of stem cells, innate immunity and microbiome research opens up new avenues to develop novel diagnostic (e.g., biomarkers), therapeutic (e.g., microbiome modulation, stem cell-based medicines), and prognostic (personalized diets) tools. In this chapter, we present the short overview of various stem and progenitor cells of adult tissues circulating in peripheral blood and their role in the pathogenesis and treatment of digestive diseases. We also briefly discuss the role of host-stem cell-microbial interactions as a new frontier of research in gastroenterology.
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88
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Shu Z, Li P, Yu B, Huang S, Chen Y. The effectiveness of probiotics in prevention and treatment of cancer therapy-induced oral mucositis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Oncol 2020; 102:104559. [PMID: 31923856 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.104559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Oral mucositis (OM) is a common and troublesome adverse side effect of many cancer therapy modalities (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and chemo-radiotherapy), which can cause pain, ulceration, dysphagia, malnutrition, even treatment interruption. Probiotics may be effective in preventing and treating of cancer therapy-induced OM. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of probiotics in prevention and treatment of cancer therapy-induced OM. Four databases and one trial registry were searched as of the 12th of May 2019 to identify all eligible randomized controlled trials (RCT). Five studies involving 435 patients were included in this study. Methodological quality and outcomes were evaluated in every study included. Pooled results showed a moderate heterogeneity (P = 0.15, I2 = 44%). The pooled RRs indicated that the use of probiotics decreased the risk of OM for grade ≥3 (RR = 0.66, 95%CI = 0.54-0.81, P < 0.0001) as well as all grades (RR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.72-0.97, P = 0.02). There was no significant difference between probiotics and placebo for cancer therapy completion rate (RR = 1.14, 95%CI = 0.65-2.00, P = 0.64). The subgroup analysis indicated that the use of probiotics was not statistically significant for patients receiving chemo-radiotherapy (RR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.26-1.04, P = 0.07). In conclusion, probiotics may reduce the incidence and mitigate the severity of cancer therapy-induced OM. Further trials with a randomized, double-blind and multicentric study design are needed to confirm this effect. The PROSPERO registration number of this systematic review and meta-analysis is CRD42019130414.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekai Shu
- The 2nd Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Peijing Li
- Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, China
| | | | - Shuang Huang
- Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, China.
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89
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Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG-induced Expression of Leptin in the Intestine Orchestrates Epithelial Cell Proliferation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 9:627-639. [PMID: 31874255 PMCID: PMC7160578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Identifying the functional elements that mediate efficient gut epithelial growth and homeostasis is essential for understanding intestinal health and disease. Many of these processes involve the Lactobacillus-induced generation of reactive oxygen species by NADPH oxidase (Nox1). However, the downstream signaling pathways that respond to Nox1-generated reactive oxygen species and mediate these events have not been described. METHODS Wild-type and knockout mice were fed Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and the transcriptional and cell signaling pathway responses in the colon measured. Corroboration of data generated in mice was done using in organoid tissue culture and in vivo gut injury models. RESULTS Ingestion of L rhamnosus GG induces elevated levels of leptin in the gut epithelia, which as well as functioning in the context of metabolism, has pleiotropic activity as a chemokine that triggers cell proliferation. Consistently, using gut epithelial-specific knockout mice, we show that L rhamnosus GG-induced elevated levels of leptin is dependent on a functional Nox1 protein in the colonic epithelium, and that L rhamnosus GG-induced cell proliferation is dependent on Nox1, leptin, and leptin receptor. We also show that L rhamnosus GG induces the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in the gut in a Nox1, leptin, and leptin receptor-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a novel role for leptin in the response to colonization by lactobacilli, where leptin functions in the transduction of signals from symbiotic bacteria to subepithelial compartments, where it modulates intestinal growth and homeostasis.
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90
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Lu L, Li W, Sun C, Kang S, Li J, Luo X, Su Q, Liu B, Qin S. Phycocyanin Ameliorates Radiation-Induced Acute Intestinal Toxicity by Regulating the Effect of the Gut Microbiota on the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB Pathway. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2019; 44:1308-1317. [PMID: 31769063 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation-induced gastrointestinal syndrome, including nausea, diarrhea, and dehydration, contributes to morbidity and mortality after medical or industrial radiation exposure, which seriously affects patient quality of life after treatment. No safe and effective radiation countermeasure has been approved for clinical therapy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of phycocyanin (PC) against radiation-induced acute intestinal injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice were orally administered 50 mg/kg PC once per day for 1 month before exposure to total-abdominal x-ray irradiation at a single dose of 12 Gy. The effects of PC on intestinal histopathology and integrity, gut microbiota, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), inflammatory cytokines, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88)/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling were evaluated. RESULTS Severe histopathological damage, such as intestinal mucosal epithelial cell apoptosis, necrosis, and nuclear rupture, was most clearly observed 24 hours after total-abdominal x-ray irradiation. Intestinal integrity was damaged by irradiation, which manifested in reduced levels of the tight-junction proteins Claudin-1, Occludin, and zonula occludens-1(ZO-1). PC pretreatment significantly ameliorated radiation-induced intestinal injury. PC also modulated the gut microbiota composition, increasing the proportion of beneficial bacteria and decreasing that of harmful bacteria, which in turn lowered LPS levels and suppressed TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB pathway activation. Finally, levels of corresponding inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6, were also downregulated. CONCLUSION PC protects against mouse intestinal injury from high-dose radiation by regulating the effect of the gut microbiota on the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB pathway, suggesting PC as a promising natural radiation countermeasure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Lu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Costal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuhe Kang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Costal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Costal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Xingping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Costal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Qiong Su
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Costal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Song Qin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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91
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Lu L, Li W, Chen L, Su Q, Wang Y, Guo Z, Lu Y, Liu B, Qin S. Radiation-induced intestinal damage: latest molecular and clinical developments. Future Oncol 2019; 15:4105-4118. [PMID: 31746639 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To systematically review the prophylactic and therapeutic interventions for reducing the incidence or severity of intestinal symptoms among cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. Materials & methods: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed database using various search terms, including 'radiation enteritis', 'radiation enteropathy', 'radiation-induced intestinal disease', 'radiation-induced intestinal damage' and 'radiation mucositis'. The search was limited to in vivo studies, clinical trials and meta-analyses published in English with no limitation on publication date. Other relevant literature was identified based on the reference lists of selected studies. Results: The pathogenesis of acute and chronic radiation-induced intestinal damage as well as the prevention and treatment approaches were reviewed. Conclusion: There is inadequate evidence to strongly support the use of a particular strategy to reduce radiation-induced intestinal damage. More high-quality randomized controlled trials are required for interventions with limited evidence suggestive of potential benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Lu
- School of Nuclear Science & Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China.,School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology & Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Costal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Lihua Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Qiong Su
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Zhong Guo
- Medical College of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Yongjuan Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Nuclear Science & Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China.,School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Song Qin
- Key Laboratory of Biology & Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Costal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
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92
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Martin ML, Adileh M, Hsu KS, Hua G, Lee SG, Li C, Fuller JD, Rotolo JA, Bodo S, Klingler S, Haimovitz-Friedman A, Deasy JO, Fuks Z, Paty PB, Kolesnick RN. Organoids Reveal That Inherent Radiosensitivity of Small and Large Intestinal Stem Cells Determines Organ Sensitivity. Cancer Res 2019; 80:1219-1227. [PMID: 31690670 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tissue survival responses to ionizing radiation are nonlinear with dose, rather yielding tissue-specific descending curves that impede straightforward analysis of biologic effects. Apoptotic cell death often occurs at low doses, while at clinically relevant intermediate doses, double-strand break misrepair yields mitotic death that determines outcome. As researchers frequently use a single low dose for experimentation, such strategies may inaccurately depict inherent tissue responses. Cutting edge radiobiology has adopted full dose survival profiling and devised mathematical algorithms to fit curves to observed data to generate highly reproducible numerical data that accurately define clinically relevant inherent radiosensitivities. Here, we established a protocol for irradiating organoids that delivers radiation profiles simulating the organ of origin. This technique yielded highly similar dose-survival curves of small and large intestinal crypts in vivo and their cognate organoids analyzed by the single-hit multi-target (SHMT) algorithm, outcomes reflecting the inherent radiation profile of their respective Lgr5+ stem cell populations. As this technological advance is quantitative, it will be useful for accurate evaluation of intestinal (patho)physiology and drug screening. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings establish standards for irradiating organoids that deliver radiation profiles that phenocopy the organ of origin.See related commentary by Muschel et al., p. 927.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Martin
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mohammad Adileh
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kuo-Shun Hsu
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Guoqiang Hua
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sang Gyu Lee
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Christy Li
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - John D Fuller
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jimmy A Rotolo
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sahra Bodo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Stefan Klingler
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Joseph O Deasy
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Zvi Fuks
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Philip B Paty
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Richard N Kolesnick
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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93
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Villéger R, Lopès A, Carrier G, Veziant J, Billard E, Barnich N, Gagnière J, Vazeille E, Bonnet M. Intestinal Microbiota: A Novel Target to Improve Anti-Tumor Treatment? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184584. [PMID: 31533218 PMCID: PMC6770123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, preclinical and clinical studies targeting several types of cancer strongly supported the key role of the gut microbiota in the modulation of host response to anti-tumoral therapies such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy and even surgery. Intestinal microbiome has been shown to participate in the resistance to a wide range of anticancer treatments by direct interaction with the treatment or by indirectly stimulating host response through immunomodulation. Interestingly, these effects were described on colorectal cancer but also in other types of malignancies. In addition to their role in therapy efficacy, gut microbiota could also impact side effects induced by anticancer treatments. In the first part of this review, we summarized the role of the gut microbiome on the efficacy and side effects of various anticancer treatments and underlying mechanisms. In the second part, we described the new microbiota-targeting strategies, such as probiotics and prebiotics, antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation and physical activity, which could be effective adjuvant therapies developed in order to improve anticancer therapeutic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Villéger
- Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH) UMR 1071 Inserm/Université Clermont Auvergne, USC-INRA 2018, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Amélie Lopès
- Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH) UMR 1071 Inserm/Université Clermont Auvergne, USC-INRA 2018, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Biologics Research, Sanofi R&D, 94400 Vitry-Sur-Seine, France.
| | - Guillaume Carrier
- Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH) UMR 1071 Inserm/Université Clermont Auvergne, USC-INRA 2018, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Surgical Oncology Department, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Univ Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France.
| | - Julie Veziant
- Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH) UMR 1071 Inserm/Université Clermont Auvergne, USC-INRA 2018, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Inserm, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- 3iHP, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Inserm, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Elisabeth Billard
- Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH) UMR 1071 Inserm/Université Clermont Auvergne, USC-INRA 2018, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH) UMR 1071 Inserm/Université Clermont Auvergne, USC-INRA 2018, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Johan Gagnière
- Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH) UMR 1071 Inserm/Université Clermont Auvergne, USC-INRA 2018, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Inserm, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- 3iHP, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Inserm, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Emilie Vazeille
- Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH) UMR 1071 Inserm/Université Clermont Auvergne, USC-INRA 2018, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- 3iHP, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Inserm, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Service d'Hépato-gastro-entérologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Inserm, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Mathilde Bonnet
- Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH) UMR 1071 Inserm/Université Clermont Auvergne, USC-INRA 2018, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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94
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Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor genes are associated with the prognosis of gastric cancer and are not associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 73:384-389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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95
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Regulation of HMGB1 release protects chemoradiotherapy-associated mucositis. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:1070-1081. [PMID: 30647411 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Oral mucositis (OM) is a common complication in cancer patients undergoing anticancer treatment. Despite the clinical and economic consequences of OM, there are no drugs available for its fundamental control. Here we show that high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a "danger signal" that acts as a potent innate immune mediator, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of OM. In addition, we investigated treatment of OM through HMGB1 blockade using NecroX-7 (tetrahydropyran-4-yl)-[2-phenyl-5-(1,1-dioxo-thiomorpholin-4-yl)methyl-1Hindole-7-yl]amine). NecroX-7 ameliorated basal layer epithelial cell death and ulcer size in OM induced by chemotherapy or radiotherapy. This protective effect of NecroX-7 was mediated by inhibition of HMGB1 release and downregulation of mitochondrial oxidative stress. Additionally, NecroX-7 inhibited the HMGB1-induced release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, as well as the expression of p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) and the excessive inflammatory microenvironment, including nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) pathways. In conclusion, our findings suggest that HMGB1 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of OM; therefore, blockade of HMGB1 by NecroX-7 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for OM.
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96
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Kun C, Tao L, Leiyuan H, Yunhao F, Ning W, Zhe L, Yuanyuan C, Xiao L, Hongran Q, Jianming C, Fu G, Yanyong Y. Heat-killed Salmonella typhimurium mitigated radiation-induced lung injury. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:1084-1091. [PMID: 31291700 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a serious complication in thoracic tumour radiotherapy. It often occurs in clinical chest radiotherapy and acute whole-body irradiation (WBI) caused by nuclear accidents or nuclear weapon attack. Some radioprotective agents have been reported to exert protective effects when given prior to radiation exposure, however, there is no treatment strategy available for preventing RILI. In this study, we demonstrated that heat-killed Salmonella typhimurium (HKST), a co-agonist of Toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2), Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) and Toll-like receptors 5 (TLR5), mitigated radiation-induced lung injury through the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signalling pathway. We found that HKST alleviated lung hyperaemia and pathological damage after irradiation, indicated that HKST inhibits the early inflammatory reaction of radiation-induced lung injury. Then, for the first time, we observed HKST reduced collagen deposit induced by irradiation in the later phase (7-14 week) of RILI, and we found that HKST inhibited radiation-induced cell apoptosis in lung tissues. We found that HKST reduced the level of TGF-β and regulated its downstream signalling pathway. Finally, it was found that HKST inhibited radiation-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung tissues. In conclusion, our data showed that HKST effectively mitigated RILI through regulating TGF-β, provide novel treatment strategy for RILI in whole-body irradiation and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Kun
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luo Tao
- School of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Leiyuan
- School of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Yunhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Ning
- Department of Respiratory, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Zhe
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Yuanyuan
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Hongran
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cai Jianming
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gao Fu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yanyong
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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97
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The pathogenesis of mucositis: updated perspectives and emerging targets. Support Care Cancer 2019; 27:4023-4033. [PMID: 31286231 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-04893-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mucositis research and treatment are a rapidly evolving field providing constant new avenues of research and potential therapies. The MASCC/ISOO Mucositis Study Group regularly assesses available literature relating to pathogenesis, mechanisms, and novel therapeutic approaches and distils this to summary perspectives and recommendations. Reviewers assessed 164 articles published between January 2011 and June 2016 to identify progress made since the last review and highlight new targets for further investigation. Findings were organized into sections including established and emerging mediators of toxicity, potential insights from technological advances in mucositis research, and perspective. Research momentum is accelerating for mucositis pathogenesis, and with this has come utilization of new models and interventions that target specific mechanisms of injury. Technological advances have the potential to revolutionize the field of mucositis research, although focused effort is needed to move rationally targeted interventions to the clinical setting.
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98
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Ma W, Mao Q, Xia W, Dong G, Yu C, Jiang F. Gut Microbiota Shapes the Efficiency of Cancer Therapy. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1050. [PMID: 31293523 PMCID: PMC6604670 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Systems biology provides an opportunity to discover the role that gut microbiota play in almost all aspects of human health. Existing evidence supports the hypothesis that gut microbiota is closely related to the pharmacological effects of chemical therapy and novel targeted immunotherapy. Gut microbiota shapes the efficiency of drugs through several key mechanisms: metabolism, immunomodulation, translocation, enzymatic degradation, reduction of diversity, and ecological variability. Therefore, gut microbiota have emerged as a novel target to enhance the efficacy and reduce the toxicity and adverse effects of cancer therapy. There is growing evidence to show that cancer therapy perturbs the host immune response and results in dysbiosis of the immune system, which then influences the efficiency of the therapy. Studies suggest that gut microbes play a significant role in cancer therapy by modulating drug efficacy, abolishing the anticancer effect, and mediating toxicity. In this review, we outline the role of gut microbiota in modulating cancer therapy and the implications for improving the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in clinical practice. We also summarize the current limitations of the safety and effectiveness of probiotics in cancer therapies such as personalized cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China.,The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Qixing Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China.,The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China.,The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Gaochao Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Changhua Yu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
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99
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Microbiota transplantation: Targeting cancer treatment. Cancer Lett 2019; 452:144-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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100
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Riehl TE, Alvarado D, Ee X, Zuckerman A, Foster L, Kapoor V, Thotala D, Ciorba MA, Stenson WF. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG protects the intestinal epithelium from radiation injury through release of lipoteichoic acid, macrophage activation and the migration of mesenchymal stem cells. Gut 2019; 68:1003-1013. [PMID: 29934438 PMCID: PMC7202371 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), a probiotic, given by gavage is radioprotective of the mouse intestine. LGG-induced radioprotection is toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-dependent and is associated with the migration of COX-2+mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the lamina propria of the villus to the lamina propria near the crypt epithelial stem cells. Our goals were to define the mechanism of LGG radioprotection including identification of the TLR2 agonist, and the mechanism of the MSC migration and to determine the safety and efficacy of this approach in models relevant to clinical radiation therapy. DESIGN Intestinal radioprotection was modelled in vitro with cell lines and enteroids as well as in vivo by assaying clinical outcomes and crypt survival. Fractionated abdominal and single dose radiation were used along with syngeneic CT26 colon tumour grafts to assess tumour radioprotection. RESULTS LGG with a mutation in the processing of lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a TLR2 agonist, was not radioprotective, while LTA agonist and native LGG were. An agonist of CXCR4 blocked LGG-induced MSC migration and LGG-induced radioprotection. LGG given by gavage induced expression of CXCL12, a CXCR4 agonist, in pericryptal macrophages and depletion of macrophages by clodronate liposomes blocked LGG-induced MSC migration and radioprotection. LTA effectively protected the normal intestinal crypt, but not tumours in fractionated radiation regimens. CONCLUSIONS LGG acts as a 'time-release capsule' releasing radioprotective LTA. LTA then primes the epithelial stem cell niche to protect epithelial stem cells by triggering a multicellular, adaptive immune signalling cascade involving macrophages and PGE2 secreting MSCs. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01790035; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrence E. Riehl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - David Alvarado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Xueping Ee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Aaron Zuckerman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Lynn Foster
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Vaishali Kapoor
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Dinesh Thotala
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Matthew A. Ciorba
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - William F. Stenson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
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