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Ji X, Gao J, Wei T, Jin L, Xiao G. Fear-of-intimacy-mediated zinc transport is required for Drosophila fat body endoreplication. BMC Biol 2023; 21:88. [PMID: 37069617 PMCID: PMC10111752 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoreplication is involved in the development and function of many organs, the pathologic process of several diseases. However, the metabolic underpinnings and regulation of endoreplication have yet to be well clarified. RESULTS Here, we showed that a zinc transporter fear-of-intimacy (foi) is necessary for Drosophila fat body endoreplication. foi knockdown in the fat body led to fat body cell nuclei failure to attain standard size, decreased fat body size and pupal lethality. These phenotypes could be modulated by either altered expression of genes involved in zinc metabolism or intervention of dietary zinc levels. Further studies indicated that the intracellular depletion of zinc caused by foi knockdown results in oxidative stress, which activates the ROS-JNK signaling pathway, and then inhibits the expression of Myc, which is required for tissue endoreplication and larval growth in Drosophila. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that FOI is critical in coordinating fat body endoreplication and larval growth in Drosophila. Our study provides a novel insight into the relationship between zinc and endoreplication in insects and may provide a reference for relevant mammalian studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Ji
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Jiajia Gao
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Tian Wei
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Li Jin
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Guiran Xiao
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
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Qian W, Guo M, Peng J, Zhao T, Li Z, Yang Y, Li H, Zhang X, King-Jones K, Cheng D. Decapentaplegic retards lipolysis during metamorphosis in Bombyx mori and Drosophila melanogaster. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 155:103928. [PMID: 36870515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Insect morphogen decapentaplegic (Dpp) functions as one of the key extracellular ligands of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling pathway. Previous studies in insects mainly focused on the roles of Dpp during embryonic development and the formation of adult wings. In this study, we demonstrate a new role for Dpp in retarding lipolysis during metamorphosis in both Bombyx mori and Drosophila melanogaster. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation of Bombyx dpp causes pupal lethality, induces an excessive and premature breakdown of lipids in the fat body, and upregulates the expressions of several lipolytic enzyme genes, including brummer (bmm), lipase 3 (lip3), and hormone-sensitive lipase (hsl), and lipid storage droplet 1 (lsd1), a lipid droplets (LD)-associated protein gene. Further investigation in Drosophila reveals that salivary gland-specific knockdown of the dpp gene and fat body-specific knockdown of Mad involved in Dpp signaling phenocopy the effects of Bombyx dpp mutation on pupal development and lipolysis. Taken together, our data indicate that the Dpp-mediated BMP signaling in the fat body maintains lipid homeostasis by retarding lipolysis, which is necessary for pupa-adult transition during insect metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Southwest University, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Mengge Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Southwest University, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Southwest University, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tujing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Southwest University, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Southwest University, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Southwest University, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Southwest University, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Southwest University, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kirst King-Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, G-504 Biological Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - Daojun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Southwest University, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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53
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Zhao T, Wang M, Li Z, Li H, Yuan D, Zhang X, Guo M, Qian W, Cheng D. Wds-Mediated H3K4me3 Modification Regulates Lipid Synthesis and Transport in Drosophila. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076125. [PMID: 37047100 PMCID: PMC10093852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid homeostasis is essential for insect growth and development. The complex of proteins associated with Set 1 (COMPASS)-catalyzed Histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) epigenetically activates gene transcription and is involved in various biological processes, but the role and molecular mechanism of H3K4me3 modification in lipid homeostasis remains largely unknown. In the present study, we showed in Drosophila that fat body-specific knockdown of will die slowly (Wds) as one of the COMPASS complex components caused a decrease in lipid droplet (LD) size and triglyceride (TG) levels. Mechanistically, Wds-mediated H3K4me3 modification in the fat body targeted several lipogenic genes involved in lipid synthesis and the Lpp gene associated with lipid transport to promote their expressions; the transcription factor heat shock factor (Hsf) could interact with Wds to modulate H3K4me3 modification within the promoters of these targets; and fat body-specific knockdown of Hsf phenocopied the effects of Wds knockdown on lipid homeostasis in the fat body. Moreover, fat body-specific knockdown of Wds or Hsf reduced high-fat diet (HFD)-induced oversized LDs and high TG levels. Altogether, our study reveals that Wds-mediated H3K4me3 modification is required for lipid homeostasis during Drosophila development and provides novel insights into the epigenetic regulation of insect lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tujing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dongqin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mengge Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenliang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Daojun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Lei Y, Huang Y, Yang K, Cao X, Song Y, Martín-Blanco E, Pastor-Pareja JC. FGF signaling promotes spreading of fat body precursors necessary for adult adipogenesis in Drosophila. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002050. [PMID: 36947563 PMCID: PMC10069774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of adipogenetic mechanisms is essential to understand and treat conditions affecting organismal metabolism and adipose tissue health. In Drosophila, mature adipose tissue (fat body) exists in larvae and adults. In contrast to the well-known development of the larval fat body from the embryonic mesoderm, adult adipogenesis has remained mysterious. Furthermore, conclusive proof of its physiological significance is lacking. Here, we show that the adult fat body originates from a pool of undifferentiated mesodermal precursors that migrate from the thorax into the abdomen during metamorphosis. Through in vivo imaging, we found that these precursors spread from the ventral midline and cover the inner surface of the abdomen in a process strikingly reminiscent of embryonic mesoderm migration, requiring fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling as well. FGF signaling guides migration dorsally and regulates adhesion to the substrate. After spreading is complete, precursor differentiation involves fat accumulation and cell fusion that produces mature binucleate and tetranucleate adipocytes. Finally, we show that flies where adult adipogenesis is impaired by knock down of FGF receptor Heartless or transcription factor Serpent display ectopic fat accumulation in oenocytes and decreased resistance to starvation. Our results reveal that adult adipogenesis occurs de novo during metamorphosis and demonstrate its crucial physiological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Lei
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwei Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueya Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhao Song
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Enrique Martín-Blanco
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Carlos Pastor-Pareja
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Neurosciences, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
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55
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Biological Characteristics and Energy Metabolism of Migrating Insects. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030439. [PMID: 36984878 PMCID: PMC10055822 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Through long-distance migration, insects not only find suitable breeding locations and increase the survival space and opportunities for the population but also facilitate large-scale material, energy, and information flow between regions, which is important in maintaining the stability of agricultural ecosystems and wider natural ecosystems. In this study, we summarize the changes in biological characteristics such as morphology, ovarian development, reproduction, and flight capability during the seasonal migration of the insect. In consideration of global research work, the interaction between flight and reproduction, the influence and regulation of the insulin-like and juvenile hormone on the flight and reproductive activities of migrating insects, and the types of energy substances, metabolic processes, and hormone regulation processes during insect flight are elaborated. This systematic review of the latest advances in the studies on insect migration biology and energy metabolism will help readers to better understand the biological behavior and regulation mechanism of the energy metabolism of insect migration.
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56
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Rathinam M, Tyagi S, Dokka N, Marimuthu SK, Kumar H, Sagar D, Dash PK, Shasany AK, Sreevathsa R. The plant specialized metabolite epicatechin- 3-gallate (EC3G) perturbs lipid metabolism and attenuates fat accumulation in pigeonpea pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123325. [PMID: 36681223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Control of pod borer Helicoverpa armigera, a notorious polyphagous pest requires paramount attention with focus on environment-friendly management approaches. Overproduction of catechins (epigallocatechin-EGC and epicatechin-3-gallate-EC3G) in the pod borer-resistant pigeonpea wild relative, Cajanus platycarpus during continued herbivory prodded us to assess their underlying molecular effect on H. armigera. Significant reduction in larval and pupal growth parameters was observed when reared on artificial diet incorporated with 100 ppm EC3G vis a vis 100 ppm EGC and EGC + EC3G. Comparative RNAseq analyses of larvae that fed on normal and EC3G-incorporated diet revealed 62 differentially expressed genes dominated by detoxification and lipid metabolism. While lipase and fatty acid-binding protein 2-like were up-regulated, delta9-FADS-like involved in fatty acid synthesis was downregulated, indicating effect of EC3G on fat metabolism. Validation of RNAseq data by qPCR; midgut glutathione-S-transferase and esterase assays depicted increased lipolysis and reduced lipogenesis in EC3G-fed larvae. Additionally, differential accumulation of stearic acid and oleic acid in EC3G-fed and control larvae/adults ascertained perturbation in lipogenesis. Supported by modelling, molecular docking and simulations, we demonstrate the possible involvement of the insect adipokinetic hormone receptor (AKHR) in the EC3G-mediated response. The study demonstrates plant specialized metabolite EC3G as a potential candidate for H. armigera control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maniraj Rathinam
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Shaily Tyagi
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Narasimham Dokka
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Sathish Kumar Marimuthu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Anna University-BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Doddachowdappa Sagar
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Prasanta K Dash
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Shasany
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohini Sreevathsa
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India.
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57
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Kim K, Song X, Yu R, Zhang Y, Gao H, Wang S, Li B. A novel GSTe2 involved in metamorphosis by regulating 20E signal pathway in Tribolium castaneum. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 112:e21989. [PMID: 36588284 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Insect-specific epsilon glutathion S-transferases (GSTs) are a class of multifunctional GST superfamily, which play important roles in detoxification of xenobiotic substances. Most research on GSTs has focused on insecticide detoxification and resistance, with little research on other physiological functions. Here, we identified and cloned the novel GSTe2 from Tribolium castaneum (TcGSTe2). Recombinant TcGSTe2 protein was successfully overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified with affinity purification, which had high ability to catalyze the conjugation of reduced glutathione with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). The expression level of TcGSTe2 was significantly decreased after exposure with four insecticides, phoxim, λ-cyhalothrin, dichlorvos, and carbofuran, in larval stage. Interestingly, RNA interference knockdown of TcGSTe2 caused metamorphosis deficiency in larval and pupal stages by inhibiting the 20E signal pathway. Furthermore, exogenous 20E injection partially rescued this metamorphosis deficiency and also increased the expression levels of 20E downstream response genes. This study illustrated TcGSTe2 plays an important role at metamorphosis beside the insecticide detoxification and resistance in T. castaneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- KumChol Kim
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Life-Science, University of Science, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - XiaoWen Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - RunNan Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - YongLei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - SuiSui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Yu H, Yang X, Dai J, Li Y, Veeran S, Lin J, Shu B. Effects of azadirachtin on detoxification-related gene expression in the fat bodies of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:42587-42595. [PMID: 35294689 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, has become a worldwide pest and threatens world food production. A previous study indicated that azadirachtin, the most effective botanical insecticide for S. frugiperda, inhibits larval growth of the insect. The effect of azadirachtin on the tissues of the larvae, however, remains to be determined. In this study, the effects of azadirachtin on the structure of fat bodies were analyzed. Comparative transcriptomic analysis was conducted between controls and samples treated with 0.1 μg/g azadirachtin for 7 days to explore potential relevant mechanisms. The expression of 5356 genes was significantly affected after azadirachtin treatment, with 3020 up-regulated and 2336 down-regulated. Among them, 137 encode detoxification enzymes, including 53 P450s, 20 GSTs, 27 CarEs, 16 UGTs, and 12 ABC transporters. Our results indicated that azadirachtin could destroy fat body structure and change the mRNA levels of detoxification-related genes. The up-regulated genes encoding detoxification enzymes might be related to detoxifying azadirachtin. Our results elucidate a preliminary mechanism of azadirachtin detoxification in the fat bodies of S. frugiperda larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikuo Yu
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianmei Yang
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Dai
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuning Li
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sethuraman Veeran
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jintian Lin
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Benshui Shu
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 313 Yingdong teaching building, Guangzhou, 510225, People's Republic of China.
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59
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Liu F, Cui Y, Lu H, Chen X, Li Q, Ye Z, Chen W, Zhu S. Myofilaments promote wing expansion and maintain genitalia morphology in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 32:46-55. [PMID: 36214335 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Insects are the most widely distributed and successful animals on the planet. A large number of insects are capable of flight with functional wings. Wing expansion is an important process for insects to achieve functional wings after eclosion and healthy genital morphology is crucial for adult reproduction. Myofilaments are functional units that constitute sarcomeres and trigger muscle contraction. Here, we identified four myofilament proteins, including Myosin, Paramyosin, Tropomyosin and Troponin T, from the wing pads of nymphs in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. RNAi-mediated knockdown of Myosin, Paramyosin, Tropomyosin and Troponin T in the early stage of final instar nymphs caused a severely curly wing phenotype in the imaginal moult, especially in the Paramyosin and Troponin T knockdown groups, indicating that these myofilament proteins are involved in controlling wing expansion behaviours during the nymph-adult transition. In addition, the knockdown resulted in abnormal external genitalia, caused ovulation failure, and affected male accessory gland development. Interestingly, the expression of myofilament genes was induced by methoprene, a juvenile hormone (JH) analogue, and decreased by the depletion of the JH receptor gene Met. Altogether, we have determined that myofilament genes play an important role in promoting wing expansion and maintaining adult genitalia morphology, and their expression is induced by JH signalling. Our data reveal a novel mechanism by which wing expansion is regulated by myofilaments and the functions of myofilaments are involved in maintaining genitalia morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huna Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanyi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiming Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, People's Republic of China
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60
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Mather LM, Cholak ME, Morfoot CM, Curro KC, Love J, Cavanaugh DJ. Inducible Reporter Lines for Tissue-specific Monitoring of Drosophila Circadian Clock Transcriptional Activity. J Biol Rhythms 2023; 38:44-63. [PMID: 36495136 DOI: 10.1177/07487304221138946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organisms track time of day through the function of cell-autonomous molecular clocks. In addition to a central clock located in the brain, molecular clocks are present in most peripheral tissues. Circadian clocks are coordinated within and across tissues, but the manner through which this coordination is achieved is not well understood. We reasoned that the ability to track in vivo molecular clock activity in specific tissues of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, would facilitate an investigation into the relationship between different clock-containing tissues. Previous efforts to monitor clock gene expression in single flies in vivo have used regulatory elements of several different clock genes to dictate expression of a luciferase reporter enzyme, the activity of which can be monitored using a luminometer. Although these reporter lines have been instrumental in our understanding of the circadian system, they generally lack cell specificity, making it difficult to compare molecular clock oscillations between different tissues. Here, we report the generation of several novel lines of flies that allow for inducible expression of a luciferase reporter construct for clock gene transcriptional activity. We find that these lines faithfully report circadian transcription, as they exhibit rhythmic luciferase activity that is dependent on a functional molecular clock. Furthermore, we take advantage of our reporter lines' tissue specificity to demonstrate that peripheral molecular clocks are able to retain rhythmicity for multiple days under constant environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilyan M Mather
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Meghan E Cholak
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Connor M Morfoot
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Jacob Love
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Urbański A, Konopińska N, Bylewska N, Gmyrek R, Spochacz-Santoro M, Bufo SA, Adamski Z. Solanum nigrum Fruit Extract Modulates Immune System Activity of Mealworm Beetle, Tenebrio molitor L. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:68. [PMID: 36668887 PMCID: PMC9861574 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the first evidence concerning the modulation of insect immune system activity after applying Solanum nigrum fruit extract (EXT). We focused on two main issues: (1) is EXT cytotoxic for Tenebrio molitor haemocytes? and (2) how EXT affects the basic immune mechanisms of T. molitor. The results indicate cytotoxic action of 0.01 and 0.1% EXT on beetle haemocytes. Both the injection of EXT and incubating haemocytes with the EXT solution on microscopic slides significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells. However, 24 h after injection of 0.1% EXT cytotoxic effect of the tested extract probably was masked by the increased number of circulating haemocytes. Application of 0.01 and 0.1% EXT led to impairment of the activity of basic immune mechanisms such as phenoloxidase activity and the lysozyme-like antimicrobial activity of T. molitor haemolymph. Moreover, the EXT elicited significant changes in the expression level of selected immune genes. However, some of the immunomodulatory effects of EXT were different in beetles with and without an activated immune system. The obtained results are an essential step toward a complete understanding of the EXT mode of action on the T. molitor physiology and its potential usage in pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Urbański
- Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Natalia Konopińska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Natalia Bylewska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Radosław Gmyrek
- Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marta Spochacz-Santoro
- Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Zbigniew Adamski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Laboratory of Electron and Confocal Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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Zhao H, Long S, Liu S, Yuan D, Huang D, Xu J, Ma Q, Wang G, Wang J, Li S, Tian L, Li K. Atg1 phosphorylation is activated by AMPK and indispensable for autophagy induction in insects. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 152:103888. [PMID: 36493962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation is a key post-translational modification in regulating autophagy in yeast and mammalians, yet it is not fully illustrated in invertebrates such as insects. ULK1/Atg1 is a functionally conserved serine/threonine protein kinase involved in autophagosome initiation. As a result of alternative splicing, Atg1 in the silkworm, Bombyx mori, is present as three mRNA isoforms, with BmAtg1c showing the highest expression levels. Here, we found that BmAtg1c mRNA expression, BmAtg1c protein expression and phosphorylation, and autophagy simultaneously peaked in the fat body during larval-pupal metamorphosis. Importantly, two BmAtg1c phosphorylation sites were identified at Ser269 and Ser270, which were activated by BmAMPK, the major energy-sensing kinase, upon stimulation with 20-hydroxyecdysone and starvation; additionally, these Atg1 phosphorylation sites are evolutionarily conserved in insects. The two BmAMPK-activated phosphorylation sites in BmAtg1c were found to be required for BmAMPK-induced autophagy. Moreover, the two corresponding DmAtg1 phosphorylation sites in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, are functionally conserved for autophagy induction. In conclusion, AMPK-activated Atg1 phosphorylation is indispensable for autophagy induction and evolutionarily conserved in insects, shedding light on how various groups of organisms differentially regulate ULK1/Atg1 phosphorylation for autophagy induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigang Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; Key Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China; ChemPartner PharmaTech Co., Ltd, Jiangmen, 529081, China; Quantum Hi-Tech (Guangdong) Biological Co., Ltd, Jiangmen, 529081, China
| | - Shihui Long
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Suning Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Dongwei Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; Key Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Danyan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiuqin Ma
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guirong Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Sheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, 514779, China
| | - Ling Tian
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Kang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, 514779, China.
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Adamo S. The Integrated Defense System: Optimizing Defense against Predators, Pathogens, and Poisons. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:1536-1546. [PMID: 35511215 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects, like other animals, have evolved defense responses to protect against predators, pathogens, and poisons (i.e., toxins). This paper provides evidence that these three defense responses (i.e., fight-or-flight, immune, and detoxification responses) function together as part of an Integrated Defense System (IDS) in insects. The defense responses against predators, pathogens, and poisons are deeply intertwined. They share organs, resources, and signaling molecules. By connecting defense responses into an IDS, animals gain flexibility, and resilience. Resources can be redirected across fight-or-flight, immune, and detoxification defenses to optimize an individual's response to the current challenges facing it. At the same time, the IDS reconfigures defense responses that are losing access to resources, allowing them to maintain as much function as possible despite decreased resource availability. An IDS perspective provides an adaptive explanation for paradoxical phenomena such as stress-induced immunosuppression, and the observation that exposure to a single challenge typically leads to an increase in the expression of genes for all three defense responses. Further exploration of the IDS will require more studies examining how defense responses to a range of stressors are interconnected in a variety of species. Such studies should target pollinators and agricultural pests. These studies will be critical for predicting how insects will respond to multiple stressors, such as simultaneous anthropogenic threats, for example, climate change and pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Adamo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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Tan D, Hu H, Tong X, Han M, Gai T, Lou J, Yan Z, Xiong G, Lu C, Dai F. Mutation of a lepidopteran-specific PMP-like protein, BmLSPMP-like, induces a stick body shape in silkworm, Bombyx mori. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:5334-5346. [PMID: 36039742 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lepidoptera is one of the largest orders of insects, some of which are major pests of crops and forests. The cuticles of lepidopteran pests play important roles in defense against insecticides and pathogens, and are indispensable for constructing and maintaining extracellular structures and locomotion during their life cycle. Lepidopteran-specific cuticular proteins could be potential targets for lepidopteran pest control. But information on this is limited. Our research aimed to screen the lepidopteran-specific cuticular proteins using the lepidopteran model, the silkworm, to explore the molecular mechanism underlying the involvement of cuticular proteins in body shape construction. RESULTS Positional cloning showed that BmLSPMP-like, a gene encoding a lepidopteran-specific peritrophic matrix protein (PMP) like protein which includes a peritrophin A-type chitin-binding domain (CBM_14), is responsible for the stick (sk) mutation. BmLSPMP-like is an evolutionarily conserved gene that exhibits synteny in Lepidoptera and underwent purifying selection during evolution. Expression profiles demonstrated that BmLSPMP-like is expressed in chitin-forming tissues, testis and ovary, and accumulates in the cuticle. BmLSPMP-like knockout, generated with CRISPR/Cas9, resulted in a stick-like larval body shape phenotype. Over-expression of BmLSPMP-like in the sk mutant rescued its abnormal body shape. The results showed that BmLSPMP-like may be involved in assemblage in the larval cuticle. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the dysfunction of BmLSPMP-like may result in a stick body shape phenotype in silkworm, through the regulation of the arrangement of the chitinous laminae and cuticle thickness. Our study provides new evidence of the effects of LSPMP-likes on lepidopteran body shape formation, metamorphosis and mortality, which could be an eco-friendly target for lepidopteran pest management. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoling Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minjin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinghou Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengwen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Okamoto N, Watanabe A. Interorgan communication through peripherally derived peptide hormones in Drosophila. Fly (Austin) 2022; 16:152-176. [PMID: 35499154 PMCID: PMC9067537 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2022.2061834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, endocrine factors such as hormones and cytokines regulate development and homoeostasis through communication between different organs. For understanding such interorgan communications through endocrine factors, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster serves as an excellent model system due to conservation of essential endocrine systems between flies and mammals and availability of powerful genetic tools. In Drosophila and other insects, functions of neuropeptides or peptide hormones from the central nervous system have been extensively studied. However, a series of recent studies conducted in Drosophila revealed that peptide hormones derived from peripheral tissues also play critical roles in regulating multiple biological processes, including growth, metabolism, reproduction, and behaviour. Here, we summarise recent advances in understanding target organs/tissues and functions of peripherally derived peptide hormones in Drosophila and describe how these hormones contribute to various biological events through interorgan communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Okamoto
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Degree Programs in Life and Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Wang J, Zhu Y, Zhang C, Duan R, Kong F, Zheng X, Hua Y. A conserved role of bam in maintaining metabolic homeostasis via regulating intestinal microbiota in Drosophila. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14145. [PMID: 36248714 PMCID: PMC9559046 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have proven that bag-of-marbles (bam) plays a pivotal role in promoting early germ cell differentiation in Drosophila ovary. However, whether it functions in regulating the metabolic state of the host remains largely unknown. Methods We utilized GC-MS, qPCR, and some classical kits to examine various metabolic profiles and gut microbial composition in bam loss-of-function mutants and age-paired controls. We performed genetic manipulations to explore the tissue/organ-specific role of bam in regulating energy metabolism in Drosophila. The DSS-induced mouse colitis was generated to identify the role of Gm114, the mammalian homolog of bam, in modulating intestinal homeostasis. Results We show that loss of bam leads to an increased storage of energy in Drosophila. Silence of bam in intestines results in commensal microbial dysbiosis and metabolic dysfunction of the host. Moreover, recovery of bam expression in guts almost rescues the obese phenotype in bam loss-of-function mutants. Further examinations of mammalian Gm114 imply a similar biological function in regulating the intestinal homeostasis and energy storage with its Drosophila homolog bam. Conclusion Our studies uncover a novel biological function of bam/Gm114 in regulating the host lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Wang
- Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | | | - Chao Zhang
- Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | | | | | - Xianrui Zheng
- Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, China
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Wang QQ, Ding K, Zhao S, Lu P, Liu JL. Cytoophidia coupling adipose architecture and metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:534. [PMID: 36180607 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04567-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Tissue architecture determines its unique physiology and function. How these properties are intertwined has remained unclear. Here we show that the metabolic enzyme CTP synthase (CTPS) form filamentous structures termed cytoophidia along the adipocyte cortex in Drosophila adipose tissue. Loss of cytoophidia, whether due to reduced CTPS expression or a point mutation that specifically abrogates its polymerization ability, causes impaired adipocyte adhesion and defective adipose tissue architecture. Moreover, CTPS influences integrin distribution and dot-like deposition of type IV collagen (Col IV). Col IV-integrin signaling reciprocally regulates the assembly of cytoophidia in adipocytes. Our results demonstrate that a positive feedback signaling loop containing both cytoophidia and integrin adhesion complex couple tissue architecture and metabolism in Drosophila adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanbing Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youfang Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao-Qi Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Ding
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suwen Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.
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Jeckel AM, Beran F, Züst T, Younkin G, Petschenka G, Pokharel P, Dreisbach D, Ganal-Vonarburg SC, Robert CAM. Metabolization and sequestration of plant specialized metabolites in insect herbivores: Current and emerging approaches. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1001032. [PMID: 36237530 PMCID: PMC9552321 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1001032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbivorous insects encounter diverse plant specialized metabolites (PSMs) in their diet, that have deterrent, anti-nutritional, or toxic properties. Understanding how they cope with PSMs is crucial to understand their biology, population dynamics, and evolution. This review summarizes current and emerging cutting-edge methods that can be used to characterize the metabolic fate of PSMs, from ingestion to excretion or sequestration. It further emphasizes a workflow that enables not only to study PSM metabolism at different scales, but also to tackle and validate the genetic and biochemical mechanisms involved in PSM resistance by herbivores. This review thus aims at facilitating research on PSM-mediated plant-herbivore interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Moriguchi Jeckel
- Laboratory of Chemical Ecology, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Beran
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Züst
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gordon Younkin
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Georg Petschenka
- Department of Applied Entomology, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Prayan Pokharel
- Department of Applied Entomology, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Domenic Dreisbach
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Christine Ganal-Vonarburg
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Wang M, Wang Y, Chang M, Wang X, Shi Z, Raikhel AS, Zou Z. Ecdysone signaling mediates the trade-off between immunity and reproduction via suppression of amyloids in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010837. [PMID: 36137163 PMCID: PMC9531809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between immunity and reproduction is essential for many key physiological functions. We report that to maintain an optimal fertility, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and the ecdysone receptor (EcR) downregulate the immune deficiency (IMD) pathway during the post blood meal phase (PBM) of the Aedes aegypti reproductive cycle. RNA interference-mediated depletion of EcR elicited an increased expression of the IMD pathway components, and these mosquitoes were more resistant to infection by Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, 20E and EcR recruit Pirk-like, the mosquito ortholog of Drosophila melanogaster Pirk. CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of Pirk-like has shown that it represses the IMD pathway by interfering with IMD-mediated formation of amyloid aggregates. 20E and EcR disruption of the amyloid formation is pivotal for maintaining normal yolk protein production and fertility. Additionally, 20E and its receptor EcR directly induce Pirk-like to interfere with cRHIM-mediated formation of amyloid. Our study highlights the vital role of 20E in governing the trade-off between immunity and reproduction. Pirk-like might be a potential target for new methods to control mosquito reproduction and pathogen transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuokun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Alexander S. Raikhel
- Department of Entomology and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ASR); (ZZ)
| | - Zhen Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (ASR); (ZZ)
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Skowronek P, Wójcik Ł, Strachecka A. CBD Supplementation Has a Positive Effect on the Activity of the Proteolytic System and Biochemical Markers of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera) in the Apiary. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182313. [PMID: 36139174 PMCID: PMC9495105 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined how CBD extract influences the activity of the immune system in the hemolymph of honey bees in the hive test. The bees were divided into 3 groups: (CSy) bees fed with CBD in sugar syrup with glycerin; (CSt) cotton strip with CBD placed in hive bees fed pure sugar syrup, (C) control bees fed sugar syrup with glycerin. CBD extract increased the total protein concentrations, proteases and their inhibitor activities in each age (the except for acidic protease activities in the 21st and 28th day and alkaline protease inhibitor activities in the 28th day in CSt group) in comparison with group C. In the groups with the extract there was also an increase in the enzymatic marker activities: ALP, AST (decrease on day 28 for CSt), ALT; and non-enzymatic marker concentrations: glucose; triglycerides; cholesterol and creatinine. The urea acid and albumin concentrations were lower in CSy and CSt groups compared to the C group (higher concentration of albumin was displayed by control bees). Higher activities/concentrations of most of biochemical parameters were obtained in the CSy compared to the CSt and C. CBD supplementation can positively influence workers’ immune system.
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71
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Dai M, Yang J, Liu X, Gu H, Li F, Li B, Wei J. Parasitism by the Tachinid Parasitoid Exorista japonica Leads to Suppression of Basal Metabolism and Activation of Immune Response in the Host Bombyx mori. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13090792. [PMID: 36135493 PMCID: PMC9506100 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The dipteran tachinid parasitoids are important biocontrol agents, and they must survive the harsh environment and rely on the resources of the host insect to complete their larval stage. We have previously demonstrated that the parasitism by the tachinid parasitoid Exoristajaponica, a pest of the silkworm, causes pupation defects in Bombyx mori. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we performed transcriptome analysis of the fat body of B. mori parasitized by E. japonica. We identified 1361 differentially expressed genes, with 394 genes up-regulated and 967 genes down-regulated. The up-regulated genes were mainly associated with immune response, endocrine system and signal transduction, whereas the genes related to basal metabolism, including energy metabolism, transport and catabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism were down-regulated, indicating that the host appeared to be in poor nutritional status but active in immune response. Moreover, by time-course gene expression analysis we found that genes related to amino acid synthesis, protein degradation and lipid metabolism in B. mori at later parasitization stages were inhibited. Antimicrobial peptides including Cecropin A, Gloverin and Moricin, and an immulectin, CTL11, were induced. These results indicate that the tachinid parasitoid perturbs the basal metabolism and induces the energetically costly immunity of the host, and thus leading to incomplete larval-pupal ecdysis of the host. This study provided insights into how tachinid parasitoids modify host basal metabolism and immune response for the benefit of developing parasitoid larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minli Dai
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jin Yang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Haoyi Gu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Fanchi Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Sericulture Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Sericulture Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jing Wei
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Sericulture Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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72
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Jang H, Ghosh S, Sun S, Cheon KJ, Mohamadzade Namin S, Jung C. Chlorella-supplemented diet improves the health of honey bee (Apis mellifera). Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.922741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional stress is one of the major factors affecting the health of honey bees. Supplementing the pollen patty with microalgae enhances the protein content of the patty and therefore is supposed to improve bee’s health. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of Chlorella as a dietary supplement on the health and physiology of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). We formulated the honey bee feed by supplementing Chlorella sorokiniana, obtained commercially, with commercially available rapeseed pollen patty in different amounts—0.5, 2, 5, and 10%, and the treatment groups were named P0.5, P2, P5, and P10, respectively. Pollen patty was set as a positive control and only 50% sucrose solution (no protein) was set as a negative control. Diets were supplied ad libitum to newly emerged workers in cages; food consumption patterns; longevity; and physiology including the development of the brain in terms of protein (i.e., total amino acids), thorax muscle, fat body mass, and glands (hypopharyngeal and venom); and gene expression of nutrition-related gene vitellogenin (Vg) of honey bee at different points of time of their age were observed. The addition of Chlorella significantly increased the food consumption pattern, longevity, gland development, muscle formation, and Vg gene expression significantly in comparison to only a pollen or sugar diet. However, the response varied depending on the level of Chlorella supplementation. As depicted in most of the cases, P2, that is, the pollen diet with 2% of Chlorella supplement exhibited the best outcome in terms of all the tested parameters. Therefore, based on the results obtained in the present study, we concluded that 2% Chlorella supplementation to pollen patty could enhance the health of honey bees, which in turn improves their performance.
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73
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Gao X, Zhang J, Wu P, Shu R, Zhang H, Qin Q, Meng Q. Conceptual framework for the insect metamorphosis from larvae to pupae by transcriptomic profiling, a case study of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). BMC Genomics 2022; 23:591. [PMID: 35963998 PMCID: PMC9375380 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insect metamorphosis from larvae to pupae is one of the most important stages of insect life history. Relatively comprehensive information related to gene transcription profiles during lepidopteran metamorphosis is required to understand the molecular mechanism underlying this important stage. We conducted transcriptional profiling of the brain and fat body of the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) during its transition from last instar larva into pupa to explore the physiological processes associated with different phases of metamorphosis. RESULTS During metamorphosis, the differences in gene expression patterns and the number of differentially expressed genes in the fat body were found to be greater than those in the brain. Each stage had a specific gene expression pattern, which contributed to different physiological changes. A decrease in juvenile hormone levels at the feeding stage is associated with increased expression levels of two genes (juvenile hormone esterase, juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase). The expression levels of neuropeptides were highly expressed at the feeding stage and the initiation of the wandering stage and less expressed at the prepupal stage and the initiation of the pupal stage. The transcription levels of many hormone (or neuropeptide) receptors were specifically increased at the initiation of the wandering stage in comparison with other stages. The expression levels of many autophagy-related genes in the fat body were found to be gradually upregulated during metamorphosis. The activation of apoptosis was probably related to enhanced expression of many key genes (Apaf1, IAP-binding motif 1 like, cathepsins, caspases). Active proliferation might be associated with enhanced expression levels in several factors (JNK pathway: jun-D; TGF-β pathway: decapentaplegic, glass bottom boat; insulin pathway: insulin-like peptides from the fat body; Wnt pathway: wntless, TCF/Pangolin). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed several vital physiological processes and molecular events of metamorphosis and provided valuable information for illustrating the process of insect metamorphosis from larvae to pupae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruihao Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qilian Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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74
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Cormier SB, Léger A, Boudreau LH, Pichaud N. Overwintering in North American domesticated honeybees (Apis mellifera) causes mitochondrial reprogramming while enhancing cellular immunity. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:276355. [PMID: 35938391 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.244440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Many factors negatively impact domesticated honeybee (Apis mellifera) health causing a global decrease in their population year after year with major losses occurring during winter, and the cause remains thus far unknown. Here, we monitored for 12 months North American colonies of honeybees enduring important temperature variations throughout the year, to assess the metabolism and immune system of honeybees of summer and winter individuals. Our results show that in flight muscle, mitochondrial respiration via complex I during winter is drastically reduced compared to summer. However, the capacity for succinate and glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) oxidation by mitochondria is increased during winter, resulting in higher mitochondrial oxygen consumption when complex I substrates, succinate and G3P were assessed altogether. Pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase tend to have reduced activity levels in winter unlike hexokinase, NADH dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase. Transcript abundance of highly important immunity proteins like Vitellogenin and Defensin-1 were also increased in winter bees, and a stronger phagocytic response as well as a better hemocyte viability was observed during winter. Thus, a reorganization of substrate utilization favoring succinate and G3P while negatively affecting complex I of the ETS is occurring during winter. We suggest that this might be due to complex I transitioning to a dormant conformation through post-translational modification. Winter bees also have an increased response for antibacterial elimination in honeybees. Overall, this study highlights previously unknown cellular mechanisms between summer and winter honeybees that further our knowledge about this important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon B Cormier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A3E9, Canada.,New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine (NBCPM), Moncton, NB, E1C8X3, Canada
| | - Adèle Léger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A3E9, Canada.,New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine (NBCPM), Moncton, NB, E1C8X3, Canada
| | - Luc H Boudreau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A3E9, Canada.,New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine (NBCPM), Moncton, NB, E1C8X3, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pichaud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A3E9, Canada.,New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine (NBCPM), Moncton, NB, E1C8X3, Canada
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75
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Bai Y, Pei XJ, Ban N, Chen N, Liu SN, Li S, Liu TX. Nutrition-dependent juvenile hormone sensitivity promotes flight-muscle degeneration during the aphid dispersal-reproduction transition. Development 2022; 149:275958. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
In insects, the loss of flight typically involves a dispersal-reproduction transition, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the parthenogenetic pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, winged females undergo flight-muscle degeneration after flight and feeding on new host plants. Similarly, topical application of a juvenile hormone (JH) mimic to starved aphids also induces flight-muscle degeneration. We found that feeding preferentially upregulated the expression of the JH receptor gene Met and a JH-inducible gene, Kr-h1, in the flight muscles, and, thus, enhanced tissue-specific JH sensitivity and signaling. RNAi-mediated knockdown of Kr-h1 prevented flight-muscle degeneration. Likewise, blocking nutritional signals by pharmacological inhibition of the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) impaired JH sensitivity of the flight muscles in feeding aphids and subsequently delayed muscle degeneration. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that enhanced JH signaling inhibited the transcription of genes involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, likely resulting in reduction of the energy supply, mitochondrial dysfunction and muscle-fiber breakdown. This study shows that nutrient-dependent hormone sensitivity regulates developmental plasticity in a tissue-specific manner, emphasizing a relatively underappreciated mechanism of hormone sensitivity in modulating hormone signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Development Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University 1 , Guangzhou 510631 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University 2 , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Xiao-Jin Pei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Development Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University 1 , Guangzhou 510631 , China
| | - Ning Ban
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University 3 , Qingdao 266109 , China
| | - Nan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Development Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University 1 , Guangzhou 510631 , China
| | - Su-Ning Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Development Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University 1 , Guangzhou 510631 , China
| | - Sheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Development Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University 1 , Guangzhou 510631 , China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University 4 , Guiyang 550025 , China
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76
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Histochemical and ultramorphological visualization for storage molecules in trophocytes at postembryonic developmental stages of Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). Tissue Cell 2022; 77:101823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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77
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Zhou ZX, Dou W, Li CR, Wang JJ. CYP314A1-dependent 20-hydroxyecdysone biosynthesis is involved in regulating the development of pupal diapause and energy metabolism in the Chinese citrus fruit fly, Bactrocera minax. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:3384-3393. [PMID: 35514223 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diapause is an environmentally preprogrammed period of arrested development, and characterized by metabolic depression that can occur during any development stage of insect. The insect steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), is converted from ecdysone by the cytochrome P450 enzyme shade (CYP314A1), and it exerts a potent effect on the induction and maintenance of diapause in obligatory diapause insects. However, the regulatory mechanism of 20E in obligatory diapause development remains unclear. In this study, the function of 20E in the pupal diapause of Bactrocera minax was investigated. RESULTS We determined the expression pattern of Halloween P450 genes from larval to adult B. minax, and found differential expression of CYP314A1 from other P450 genes, with a high level in larvae and a low level in pupae. Dysfunction of CYP314A1 by dsCYP314A1 microinjection in third-instar larvae caused significant larval mortality or abnormal pupae. Compared with dsGFP and DEPC-water, dsCYP314A1-injected larvae had significantly reduced 20E titer and altered energy metabolism, and many individuals failed to pupate. Exogenous 20E microinjected into late third-instar larvae or 20E fed to early third-instar larvae both caused similar energy metabolism changes. The 20E-treated larvae of B. minax had reduced total lipids and increased amounts of trehalose and glycogen. Furthermore, 20E-treated diapause individuals showed rapid pupal development. CONCLUSION The 20E biosynthesis was regulated by the expression of CYP314A1, and was involved in the induction and termination phase of obligate diapause by regulating energy metabolism in B. minax. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xiong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, Hubei Engineering Technology Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan-Ren Li
- Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, Hubei Engineering Technology Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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78
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Salcedo-Porras N, Oliveira PL, Guarneri AA, Lowenberger C. A fat body transcriptome analysis of the immune responses of Rhodnius prolixus to artificial infections with bacteria. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:269. [PMID: 35906633 PMCID: PMC9335980 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhodnius prolixus is an important vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causal agent of Chagas disease in humans. Despite the medical importance of this and other triatomine vectors, the study of their immune responses has been limited to a few molecular pathways and processes. Insect immunity studies were first described for holometabolous insects such as Drosophila melanogaster, and it was assumed that their immune responses were conserved in all insects. However, study of the immune responses of triatomines and other hemimetabolous insects has revealed discrepancies between these and the Drosophila model. METHODS To expand our understanding of innate immune responses of triatomines to pathogens, we injected fifth instar nymphs of R. prolixus with the Gram-negative (Gr-) bacterium Enterobacter cloacae, the Gram-positive (Gr+) bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and evaluated transcript expression in the fat body 8 and 24 h post-injection (hpi). We analyzed the differential expression of transcripts at each time point, and across time, for each treatment. RESULTS At 8 hpi, the Gr- bacteria-injected group had a large number of differentially expressed (DE) transcripts, and most of the changes in transcript expression were maintained at 24 hpi. In the Gr+ bacteria treatment, few DE transcripts were detected at 8 hpi, but a large number of transcripts were DE at 24 hpi. Unexpectedly, the PBS control also had a large number of DE transcripts at 24 hpi. Very few DE transcripts were common to the different treatments and time points, indicating a high specificity of the immune responses of R. prolixus to different pathogens. Antimicrobial peptides known to be induced by the immune deficiency pathway were induced upon Gr- bacterial infection. Many transcripts of genes from the Toll pathway that are thought to participate in responses to Gr+ bacteria and fungi were induced by both bacteria and PBS treatment. Pathogen recognition receptors and serine protease cascade transcripts were also overexpressed after Gr- bacteria and PBS injections. Gr- injection also upregulated transcripts involved in the metabolism of tyrosine, a major substrate involved in the melanotic encapsulation response to pathogens. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal time-dependent pathogen-specific regulation of immune responses in triatomines, and hint at strong interactions between the immune deficiency and Toll pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Salcedo-Porras
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Pedro Lagerblad Oliveira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco D. Prédio do CCS, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Brazil
| | - Alessandra Aparecida Guarneri
- Vector Behavior and Pathogen Interaction Group, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP 30190-009 Brazil
| | - Carl Lowenberger
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
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79
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Martelli F, Falcon T, Pinheiro DG, Simões ZLP, Nunes FMF. Worker bees (Apis mellifera) deprived of pollen in the first week of adulthood exhibit signs of premature aging. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 146:103774. [PMID: 35470035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pollinator populations, including bees, are in rapid decline in many parts of the world, raising concerns over the future of ecosystems and food production. Among the factors involved in these declines, poor nutrition deserves attention. The diet consumed by adult worker honeybees (Apis mellifera) is crucial for their behavioral maturation, i.e., the progressive division of labor they perform, such as nurse bees initially and later in life as foragers. Poor pollen nutrition is known to reduce the workers' lifespan, but the underlying physiological and genetic mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we investigate how the lack of pollen in the diet of workers during their first week of adult life can affect age-related phenotypes. During the first seven days of adult life, newly emerged workers were fed either a pollen-deprived (PD) diet mimicking that of an older bee, or a control pollen-rich (PR) diet, as typically consumed by young bees. The PD-fed bees showed alterations in their fat body transcriptome, such as a switch from a protein-lipid based metabolism to a carbohydrate-based metabolism, and a reduced expression of genes involved with immune response. The absence of pollen in the diet also led to an accumulation of oxidative stress markers in fat body tissue and alterations in the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles, which became similar to those of chronologically older bees. Together, our data indicate that the absence of pollen during first week of adulthood triggers the premature onset of an aging-related worker phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Martelli
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Falcon
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel G Pinheiro
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Zilá L P Simões
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Francis M F Nunes
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís - km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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80
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Miki A, Fukuda R, Takeda K, Moriya A, Kamimura Y, Lee CY, Adachi-Yamada T. Differences in energy source storage in eye stalks between two species of stalk-eyed flies, Sphyracephala detrahens and Cyrtodiopsis dalmanni. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9981. [PMID: 35705584 PMCID: PMC9200865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Some diopsid flies have sexually dimorphic eye stalks that are assumed to require considerable nutrition for growth but are advantageous in competition and courtship. According to the handicap theory, the eye span in some dimorphic species serves as a reliable signal of individual quality to an opponent. However, it is not well understood how well eye span represents energy source storage. In this study, we focused on two species: Sphyracephala detrahens, which has weak dimorphism, and Cyrtodiopsis dalmanni, which has moderate dimorphism. We found that the eye stalks of the former species contained more fat bodies than those of the latter species. When the flies were starved, the fat body cells in the eye stalks underwent autophagy. A strong positive correlation was consistently found between eye span and starvation tolerance for S. detrahens, while a weak correlation was found for C. dalmanni. Furthermore, starvation decreased the contest winning rate between S. detrahens pairs with similar eye spans. These findings suggest that the presentation of resource holding potential may be larger than the actual storage ability and that the fidelity of nutritional storage signaling varies; the signal presented by S. detrahens is more reliable than that presented by C. dalmanni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoi Miki
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8588, Japan
| | - Risa Fukuda
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8588, Japan
| | - Koji Takeda
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8588, Japan
| | - Ayano Moriya
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8588, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kamimura
- Department of Biology, Keio University, 4-1-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8521, Japan
| | - Chow-Yang Lee
- Urban Entomology Laboratory, Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
- Department of Entomology, University of California, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Takashi Adachi-Yamada
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8588, Japan.
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81
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Gupta V, Frank AM, Matolka N, Lazzaro BP. Inherent constraints on a polyfunctional tissue lead to a reproduction-immunity tradeoff. BMC Biol 2022; 20:127. [PMID: 35655304 PMCID: PMC9161490 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01328-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single tissues can have multiple functions, which can result in constraints, impaired function, and tradeoffs. The insect fat body performs remarkably diverse functions including metabolic control, reproductive provisioning, and systemic immune responses. How polyfunctional tissues simultaneously execute multiple distinct physiological functions is generally unknown. Immunity and reproduction are observed to trade off in many organisms but the mechanistic basis for this tradeoff is also typically not known. Here we investigate constraints and trade-offs in the polyfunctional insect fat body. RESULTS Using single-nucleus sequencing, we determined that the Drosophila melanogaster fat body executes diverse basal functions with heterogenous cellular subpopulations. The size and identity of these subpopulations are remarkably stable between virgin and mated flies, as well as before and after infection. However, as an emergency function, the immune response engages the entire tissue and all cellular subpopulations produce induce expression of defense genes. We found that reproductively active females who were given bacterial infection exhibited signatures of ER stress and impaired capacity to synthesize new protein in response to infection, including decreased capacity to produce antimicrobial peptides. Transient provision of a reversible translation inhibitor to mated females prior to infection rescued general protein synthesis, specific production of antimicrobial peptides, and survival of infection. CONCLUSIONS The commonly observed tradeoff between reproduction and immunity appears to be driven, in D. melanogaster, by a failure of the fat body to be able to handle simultaneous protein translation demands of reproductive provisioning and immune defense. We suggest that inherent cellular limitations in tissues that perform multiple functions may provide a general explanation for the wide prevalence of physiological and evolutionary tradeoffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanika Gupta
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Ashley M Frank
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Nick Matolka
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Brian P Lazzaro
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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82
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Wang XP, Huang Z, Li YL, Jin KY, Dong DJ, Wang JX, Zhao XF. Krüppel-like factor 15 integrated autophagy and gluconeogenesis to maintain glucose homeostasis under 20-hydroxyecdysone regulation. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010229. [PMID: 35696369 PMCID: PMC9191741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of glycometabolism homeostasis is vital to maintain health and development of animal and humans; however, the molecular mechanisms by which organisms regulate the glucose metabolism homeostasis from a feeding state switching to a non-feeding state are not fully understood. Using the holometabolous lepidopteran insect Helicoverpa armigera, cotton bollworm, as a model, we revealed that the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) upregulated the expression of transcription factor Krüppel-like factor (identified as Klf15) to promote macroautophagy/autophagy, apoptosis and gluconeogenesis during metamorphosis. 20E via its nuclear receptor EcR upregulated Klf15 transcription in the fat body during metamorphosis. Knockdown of Klf15 using RNA interference delayed pupation and repressed autophagy and apoptosis of larval fat body during metamorphosis. KLF15 promoted autophagic flux and transiting to apoptosis. KLF15 bound to the KLF binding site (KLF bs) in the promoter of Atg8 (autophagy-related gene 8/LC3) to upregulate Atg8 expression. Knockdown Atg8 reduced free fatty acids (FFAs), glycerol, free amino acids (FAAs) and glucose levels. However, knockdown of Klf15 accumulated FFAs, glycerol, and FAAs. Glycolysis was switched to gluconeogenesis, trehalose and glycogen synthesis were changed to degradation during metamorphosis, which were accompanied by the variation of the related genes expression. KLF15 upregulated phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pepck) expression by binding to KLF bs in the Pepck promoter for gluconeogenesis, which utilised FFAs, glycerol, and FAAs directly or indirectly to increase glucose in the hemolymph. Taken together, 20E via KLF15 integrated autophagy and gluconeogenesis by promoting autophagy-related and gluconeogenesis-related genes expression. Glucose is the direct substrate for energy production in animal and humans. Autophagy and gluconeogenesis are known to help organisms maintaining energy substrates; however, the mechanism of integration of autophagy and gluconeogenesis is unclear. Holometabolous insects stop feeding during metamorphosis under steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) regulation, providing a good model for the study. Using lepidopteran insect Helicoverpa armigera, cotton bollworm, as a model, we revealed that Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) integrated autophagy and gluconeogenesis to maintain glucose homeostasis under 20E regulation. 20E increased Klf15 expression, and KLF15 in turn promoted autophagy-related and gluconeogenesis-related genes expression during metamorphosis. Autophagy and apoptosis of the fat body provided substrates for gluconeogenesis. This work clarified the important functions and mechanisms of KLF15 in autophagy and glycometabolism reprogramming for glucose homeostasis after feeding stop during insect metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Pei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan-Li Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ke-Yan Jin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Du-Juan Dong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail:
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83
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PNPLA6/NTE, an Evolutionary Conserved Phospholipase Linked to a Group of Complex Human Diseases. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040284. [PMID: 35448471 PMCID: PMC9025805 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 6 (PNPLA6), originally called Neuropathy Target Esterase (NTE), belongs to a family of hydrolases with at least eight members in mammals. PNPLA6/NTE was first identified as a key factor in Organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy, a degenerative syndrome that occurs after exposure to organophosphates found in pesticides and nerve agents. More recently, mutations in PNPLA6/NTE have been linked with a number of inherited diseases with diverse clinical symptoms that include spastic paraplegia, ataxia, and chorioretinal dystrophy. A conditional knockout of PNPLA6/NTE in the mouse brain results in age-related neurodegeneration, whereas a complete knockout causes lethality during embryogenesis due to defects in the development of the placenta. PNPLA6/NTE is an evolutionarily conserved protein that in Drosophila is called Swiss-Cheese (SWS). Loss of SWS in the fly also leads to locomotory defects and neuronal degeneration that progressively worsen with age. This review will describe the identification of PNPLA6/NTE, its expression pattern, and normal role in lipid homeostasis, as well as the consequences of altered NPLA6/NTE function in both model systems and patients.
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84
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Treidel LA, Quintanilla Ramirez GS, Chung DJ, Menze MA, Vázquez-Medina JP, Williams CM. Selection on dispersal drives evolution of metabolic capacities for energy production in female wing-polymorphic sand field crickets, Gryllus firmus. J Evol Biol 2022; 35:599-609. [PMID: 35255175 PMCID: PMC9311679 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Life history and metabolism covary, but the mechanisms and individual traits responsible for these linkages remain unresolved. Dispersal capability is a critical component of life history that is constrained by metabolic capacities for energy production. Conflicting relationships between metabolism and life histories may be explained by accounting for variation in dispersal and maximal metabolic rates. We used female wing-polymorphic sand field crickets, Gryllus firmus, selected either for long wings (LW, flight-capable) or short wings (SW, flightless) to test the hypothesis that selection on dispersal capability drives the evolution of metabolic capacities. While resting metabolic rates were similar, long-winged crickets reached higher maximal metabolic rates than short-winged crickets, resulting in improved running performance. We further provided insight into the mechanisms responsible for covariation between life history and metabolism by comparing mitochondrial content of tissues involved in powering locomotion and assessing the function of mitochondria isolated from long- and short-winged crickets. Our results demonstrated that larger metabolic capacities in long-winged crickets were underpinned by increases in mitochondrial content of dorsoventral flight muscle and enhanced bioenergetic capacities of mitochondria within the fat body, a tissue responsible for fuel storage and mobilization. Thus, selection on flight capability correlates with increases in maximal, but not resting metabolic rates, through modifications of tissues powering locomotion at the cellular and organelle levels. This allows organisms to meet high energetic demands of activity for life history. Dispersal capability should therefore explicitly be considered as a potential factor driving the evolution of metabolic capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Treidel
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Dillon J Chung
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael A Menze
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - José P Vázquez-Medina
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Caroline M Williams
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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85
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Lin R, Yang M, Yao B. The phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of detoxification gene families in Aphidinae species. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263462. [PMID: 35143545 PMCID: PMC8830634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Detoxification enzymes play significant roles in the interactions between insects and host plants, wherein detoxification-related genes make great contributions. As herbivorous pests, aphids reproduce rapidly due to parthenogenesis. They are good biological materials for studying the mechanisms that allow insect adaptation to host plants. Insect detoxification gene families are associated with insect adaptation to host plants. The Aphidinae is the largest subfamily in the Aphididae with at least 2483 species in 256 genera in 2 tribes: the Macrosiphini (with 3/4 of the species) and the Aphidini. Most aphid pests on crops and ornamental plants are Aphidinae. Members of the Aphidinae occur in nearly every region of the world. The body shape and colour vary significantly. To research the role that detoxification gene families played in the process of aphid adaptation to host evolution, we analyzed the phylogeny and evolution of these detoxification gene families in Aphidinae. In general, the P450/GST/CCE gene families contract, whereas the ABC/UGT families are conserved in Aphidinae species compared to these families in other herbivorous insects. Genus-specific expansions of P450 CYP4, and GST Delta have occurred in the genus Acyrthosiphon. In addition, the evolutionary rates of five detoxification gene families in the evolution process of Aphidinae are different. The comparison of five detoxification gene families among nine Aphidinae species and the estimated relative evolutionary rates provided herein support an understanding of the interaction between and the co-evolution of Aphidinae and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongmei Lin
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (RL); (BY)
| | - Mengquan Yang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bowen Yao
- School of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (RL); (BY)
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86
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Zhang X, Li S, Liu S. Juvenile Hormone Studies in Drosophila melanogaster. Front Physiol 2022; 12:785320. [PMID: 35222061 PMCID: PMC8867211 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.785320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of insect endocrinology, juvenile hormone (JH) is one of the most wondrous entomological terms. As a unique sesquiterpenoid hormone produced and released by the endocrine gland, corpus allatum (CA), JH is a critical regulator in multiple developmental and physiological processes, such as metamorphosis, reproduction, and behavior. Benefited from the precise genetic interventions and simplicity, the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is an indispensable model in JH studies. This review is aimed to present the regulatory factors on JH biosynthesis and an overview of the regulatory roles of JH in Drosophila. The future directions of JH studies are also discussed, and a few hot spots are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuai Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, South China Normal University, Meizhou, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, South China Normal University, Meizhou, China
| | - Suning Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, South China Normal University, Meizhou, China
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87
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Hu X, Zhang B, Zheng X, Ji H, Feng K, Hu X, Gul I, Abbas MN, Cui H, Zhu Y. Molecular Characterization of Two Genes Encoding Novel Ca2+-Independent Phospholipase A2s from the Silkworm, Bombyx mori. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:777-790. [PMID: 35723339 PMCID: PMC8929031 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44020054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosanoids are crucial downstream signals in the insect immune responses. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) catalyzes phospholipids, the initial step in eicosanoid biosynthesis. In mammals, the biological roles of Ca2+-independent Phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) have been extensively studied; however, only a few studies have attempted to explore iPLA2 functions in insects. In this study, we identified two iPLA2 genes (designated as BmiPLA2A and BmiPLA2B) in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. BmiPLA2A had a 2427 base pair (bp) open reading frame (ORF) that coded for a protein with 808 amino acids. In contrast, BmiPLA2B had a 1731 bp ORF that coded for a protein with 576 amino acids. Domain analysis revealed that BmiPLA2A had six ankyrin repeat domains, but BmiPLA2B lacks these domains. BmiPLA2A and BmiPLA2B were transcribed widely in various tissues and developmental stages with different expression patterns. The administration of 20-hydroxyecdysone increased their expression levels in the epidermis and hemocytes. Furthermore, challenged with virus, fungus, Gram-negative bacteria, and Gram-positive bacteria induced the expression of BmiPLA2A and BmiPLA2B with variable degrees along with different time points. Our findings imply that BmiPLA2A and BmiPLA2B may have important biological roles in the development and innate immunity of B. mori.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hongjuan Cui
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +23-6825-1713 (H.C.); +23-6825-1939 (Y.Z.)
| | - Yong Zhu
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +23-6825-1713 (H.C.); +23-6825-1939 (Y.Z.)
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88
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Gao Y, Liu S, Jia Q, Wu L, Yuan D, Li EY, Feng Q, Wang G, Palli SR, Wang J, Li S. Juvenile hormone membrane signaling phosphorylates USP and thus potentiates 20-hydroxyecdysone action in Drosophila. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:186-197. [PMID: 36546012 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) coordinately regulate development and metamorphosis in insects. Two JH intracellular receptors, methoprene-tolerant (Met) and germ-cell expressed (Gce), have been identified in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. To investigate JH membrane signaling pathway without the interference from JH intracellular signaling, we characterized phosphoproteome profiles of the Met gce double mutant in the absence or presence of JH in both chronic and acute phases. Functioning through a potential receptor tyrosine kinase and phospholipase C pathway, JH membrane signaling activated protein kinase C (PKC) which phosphorylated ultraspiracle (USP) at Ser35, the PKC phosphorylation site required for the maximal action of 20E through its nuclear receptor complex EcR-USP. The uspS35A mutant, in which Ser was replaced with Ala at position 35 by genome editing, showed decreased expression of Halloween genes that are responsible for ecdysone biosynthesis and thus attenuated 20E signaling that delayed developmental timing. The uspS35A mutant also showed lower Yorkie activity that reduced body size. Altogether, JH membrane signaling phosphorylates USP at Ser35 and thus potentiates 20E action that regulates the normal fly development. This study helps better understand the complex JH signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou 514779, China
| | - Suning Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Qiangqiang Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Lixian Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Dongwei Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Emma Y Li
- International Department, The Affiliated High School of South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Qili Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Guirong Wang
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Subba R Palli
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, USA.
| | - Sheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou 514779, China.
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89
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Charidemou E, Tsiarli MA, Theophanous A, Yilmaz V, Pitsouli C, Strati K, Griffin JL, Kirmizis A. Histone acetyltransferase NAA40 modulates acetyl-CoA levels and lipid synthesis. BMC Biol 2022; 20:22. [PMID: 35057804 PMCID: PMC8781613 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic regulation relies on the activity of enzymes that use sentinel metabolites as cofactors to modify DNA or histone proteins. Thus, fluctuations in cellular metabolite levels have been reported to affect chromatin modifications. However, whether epigenetic modifiers also affect the levels of these metabolites and thereby impinge on downstream metabolic pathways remains largely unknown. Here, we tested this notion by investigating the function of N-alpha-acetyltransferase 40 (NAA40), the enzyme responsible for N-terminal acetylation of histones H2A and H4, which has been previously implicated with metabolic-associated conditions such as age-dependent hepatic steatosis and calorie-restriction-mediated longevity. RESULTS Using metabolomic and lipidomic approaches, we found that depletion of NAA40 in murine hepatocytes leads to significant increase in intracellular acetyl-CoA levels, which associates with enhanced lipid synthesis demonstrated by upregulation in de novo lipogenesis genes as well as increased levels of diglycerides and triglycerides. Consistently, the increase in these lipid species coincide with the accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets and impaired insulin signalling indicated by decreased glucose uptake. However, the effect of NAA40 on lipid droplet formation is independent of insulin. In addition, the induction in lipid synthesis is replicated in vivo in the Drosophila melanogaster larval fat body. Finally, supporting our results, we find a strong association of NAA40 expression with insulin sensitivity in obese patients. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings demonstrate that NAA40 affects the levels of cellular acetyl-CoA, thereby impacting lipid synthesis and insulin signalling. This study reveals a novel path through which histone-modifying enzymes influence cellular metabolism with potential implications in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Charidemou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, 2109, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria A Tsiarli
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, 2109, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andria Theophanous
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, 2109, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Vural Yilmaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, 2109, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Chrysoula Pitsouli
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, 2109, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Katerina Strati
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, 2109, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
- Hammersmith Campus, UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College, Burlington Danes Building, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Division of Systems Medicine, Digestion and Reproduction, The Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Antonis Kirmizis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, 2109, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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90
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Séité S, Harrison MC, Sillam-Dussès D, Lupoli R, Van Dooren TJM, Robert A, Poissonnier LA, Lemainque A, Renault D, Acket S, Andrieu M, Viscarra J, Sul HS, de Beer ZW, Bornberg-Bauer E, Vasseur-Cognet M. Lifespan prolonging mechanisms and insulin upregulation without fat accumulation in long-lived reproductives of a higher termite. Commun Biol 2022; 5:44. [PMID: 35027667 PMCID: PMC8758687 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02974-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Kings and queens of eusocial termites can live for decades, while queens sustain a nearly maximal fertility. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying their long lifespan, we carried out transcriptomics, lipidomics and metabolomics in Macrotermes natalensis on sterile short-lived workers, long-lived kings and five stages spanning twenty years of adult queen maturation. Reproductives share gene expression differences from workers in agreement with a reduction of several aging-related processes, involving upregulation of DNA damage repair and mitochondrial functions. Anti-oxidant gene expression is downregulated, while peroxidability of membranes in queens decreases. Against expectations, we observed an upregulated gene expression in fat bodies of reproductives of several components of the IIS pathway, including an insulin-like peptide, Ilp9. This pattern does not lead to deleterious fat storage in physogastric queens, while simple sugars dominate in their hemolymph and large amounts of resources are allocated towards oogenesis. Our findings support the notion that all processes causing aging need to be addressed simultaneously in order to prevent it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Séité
- UMR IRD 242, UPEC, CNRS 7618, UPMC 113, INRAe 1392, Paris 7 113, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Bondy, France
- University of Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Mark C Harrison
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - David Sillam-Dussès
- University Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Ethology, UR4443, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Roland Lupoli
- UMR IRD 242, UPEC, CNRS 7618, UPMC 113, INRAe 1392, Paris 7 113, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Bondy, France
- University of Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Tom J M Van Dooren
- UMR UPMC 113, IRD 242, UPEC, CNRS 7618, INRA 1392, PARIS 7 113, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Paris, France
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alain Robert
- University Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Ethology, UR4443, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Laure-Anne Poissonnier
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Arnaud Lemainque
- Genoscope, François-Jacob Institute of Biology, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, University of Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - David Renault
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystems, biodiversity, evolution) - UMR, 6553, Rennes, France
- University Institute of France, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Acket
- University of Technology of Compiègne, UPJV, UMR CNRS 7025, Enzyme and Cell Engineering, Royallieu research Center, Compiègne, France
| | - Muriel Andrieu
- Cochin Institute, UMR INSERM U1016, CNRS 8104, University of Paris Descartes, CYBIO Platform, Paris, France
| | - José Viscarra
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hei Sook Sul
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Z Wilhelm de Beer
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Erich Bornberg-Bauer
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mireille Vasseur-Cognet
- UMR IRD 242, UPEC, CNRS 7618, UPMC 113, INRAe 1392, Paris 7 113, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Bondy, France.
- University of Paris-Est, Créteil, France.
- INSERM, Paris, France.
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91
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Parra-Peralbo E, Talamillo A, Barrio R. Origin and Development of the Adipose Tissue, a Key Organ in Physiology and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:786129. [PMID: 34993199 PMCID: PMC8724577 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.786129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a dynamic organ, well known for its function in energy storage and mobilization according to nutrient availability and body needs, in charge of keeping the energetic balance of the organism. During the last decades, adipose tissue has emerged as the largest endocrine organ in the human body, being able to secrete hormones as well as inflammatory molecules and having an important impact in multiple processes such as adipogenesis, metabolism and chronic inflammation. However, the cellular progenitors, development, homeostasis and metabolism of the different types of adipose tissue are not fully known. During the last decade, Drosophila melanogaster has demonstrated to be an excellent model to tackle some of the open questions in the field of metabolism and development of endocrine/metabolic organs. Discoveries ranged from new hormones regulating obesity to subcellular mechanisms that regulate lipogenesis and lipolysis. Here, we review the available evidences on the development, types and functions of adipose tissue in Drosophila and identify some gaps for future research. This may help to understand the cellular and molecular mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of this fascinating key tissue, contributing to establish this organ as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Talamillo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Rosa Barrio
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
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92
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Zhang P, Yao Z, Bai S, Zhang H. The Negative Regulative Roles of BdPGRPs in the Imd Signaling Pathway of Bactrocera dorsalis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11010152. [PMID: 35011714 PMCID: PMC8750024 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are key regulators in insects' immune response, functioning as sensors to detect invading pathogens and as scavengers of peptidoglycan (PGN) to reduce immune overreaction. However, the exact function of PGRPs in Bactrocera dorsalis is still unclear. In this study, we identified and functionally characterized the genes BdPGRP-LB, BdPGRP-SB1 and BdPGRP-SC2 in B. dorsalis. The results showed that BdPGRP-LB, BdPGRP-SB1 and BdPGRP-SC2 all have an amidase-2 domain, which has been shown to have N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-Alanine amidase activity. The transcriptional levels of BdPGRP-LB and BdPGRP-SC2 were both high in adult stages and midgut tissues; BdPGRP-SB1 was found most abundantly expressed in the 2nd instar larvae stage and adult fat body. The expression of BdPGRP-LB and BdPGRP-SB1 and AMPs were significantly up-regulated after injury infected with Escherichia coli at different time points; however, the expression of BdPGRP-SC2 was reduced at 9 h, 24 h and 48 h following inoculation with E. coli. By injection of dsRNA, BdPGRP-LB, BdPGRP-SB1 and BdPGRP-SC2 were knocked down by RNA-interference. Silencing of BdPGRP-LB, BdPGRP-SB1 and BdPGRP-SC2 separately in flies resulted in over-activation of the Imd signaling pathway after bacterial challenge. The survival rate of the ds-PGRPs group was significantly reduced compared with the ds-egfp group after bacterial infection. Taken together, our results demonstrated that three catalytic PGRPs family genes, BdPGRP-LB, BdPGRP-SB1 and BdPGRP-SC2, are important negative regulators of the Imd pathway in B. dorsalis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hongyu Zhang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-87286962; Fax: +86-27-87384670
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93
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Scanlan JL, Battlay P, Robin C. Ecdysteroid kinase-like (EcKL) paralogs confer developmental tolerance to caffeine in Drosophila melanogaster. CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 2:100030. [PMID: 36003262 PMCID: PMC9387500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2022.100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
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94
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Zeng B, Zhao W, Ma J, Wu Z. Replication protein A is required for juvenile hormone-dependent vitellogenesis and oocyte maturation in locusts. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 136:104345. [PMID: 34902432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aside from inhibiting insect metamorphosis, juvenile hormone (JH) has a well-known role in stimulating various aspects of insect reproduction. Replication protein A (RPA), a heterotrimeric complex comprised of RPA1, RPA2 and RPA3 subunits plays an essential role in DNA replication and DNA repair. Here we report that RPAs are highly expressed in the fat body of adult female locust, Locusta migratoria. While RPA1 is upregulated by the JH receptor Methoprene-tolerant (Met), RPA2 and RPA3 expression appears to be primarily controlled by Forkhead box O transcription factor (FoxO). Knockdown of RPA1, RPA2 or RPA3 results in markedly reducd vitellogenin (Vg) expression in the fat body, accompanied by arrested ovarian growth and inhibited oocyte maturation. In addition, depletion of an RPA subunit leads to increased expression of other RPA subunits as well as a pro-apoptotic gene, Smac that is involved in DNA repair and apoptosis. The data indicate a crucial role of RPAs in JH-dependent vitellogenesis and oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojuan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Wenxiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jiajie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhongxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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95
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Franco A, Salvia R, Scieuzo C, Schmitt E, Russo A, Falabella P. Lipids from Insects in Cosmetics and for Personal Care Products. INSECTS 2021; 13:insects13010041. [PMID: 35055884 PMCID: PMC8779901 DOI: 10.3390/insects13010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The use of insects as a new source of lipids is a topic of great interest from both environmental and economic points of view. In addition to use in feed and energy applications, lipids could be used for the formulation of personal care products. The cosmetics industry is always in search of new ingredients to use in novel product formulations. The processes mediated by bioconverter insects, such as Hermetia illucens, are really advantageous because starting from substrates of low economic and biological value (agri-food by-products, zootechnical, catering, and other waste), it is possible to obtain products of high commercial value. The composition of insect lipids depends on the feeding substrate, as well as the insect species, therefore for each personal care application, it is possible to find the most suitable starting conditions. In this review, we display a general outlook on insect lipids, the extraction processes, and their use in cosmetics and personal care fields. Abstract Insects, the most varied group of known organisms on Earth, are arousing great interest also for the possibility to use them as a feed and food source. The mass rearing of some species, defined as “bioconverters”, is spreading worldwide, thanks to their sustainability. At the end of the bioconversion process, breeders obtain eco-friendly biomolecules of high biological and economic value, including proteins and lipids, from larvae of bioconverter insects, in particular Hermetia illucens. Besides the most classical use of insect lipids as food additives, they are also used in the formulation of several products for personal care. The composition of insect lipids depends on the substrate on which the insects are reared but also on the insect species, so the cosmetic producers should consider these features to choose their insect starting point. The most abundant fatty acids detected in H. illucens are lauric, myristic, palmitic, and oleic acids, regardless of feed substrate; its fatty acids composition is favorable for soap composition, while their derivatives are used for detergent and shampoo. Here, we offer an overview of insect lipids, their extraction methods, and their application in cosmetics and personal care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Franco
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (A.F.); (C.S.)
- Spinoff XFlies s.r.l., University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Rosanna Salvia
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (A.F.); (C.S.)
- Spinoff XFlies s.r.l., University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (P.F.)
| | - Carmen Scieuzo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (A.F.); (C.S.)
- Spinoff XFlies s.r.l., University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Eric Schmitt
- Protix B.V., Industriestaat 3, 5107 NC Dongen, The Netherlands;
| | - Antonella Russo
- Greenswitch s.r.l., Strada Provinciale Ferrandina—Macchia, 75013 Ferrandina, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Falabella
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (A.F.); (C.S.)
- Spinoff XFlies s.r.l., University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (P.F.)
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96
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Kaczmarek A, Boguś M. The metabolism and role of free fatty acids in key physiological processes in insects of medical, veterinary and forensic importance. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12563. [PMID: 35036124 PMCID: PMC8710053 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects are the most widespread group of organisms and more than one million species have been described. These animals have significant ecological functions, for example they are pollinators of many types of plants. However, they also have direct influence on human life in different manners. They have high medical and veterinary significance, stemming from their role as vectors of disease and infection of wounds and necrotic tissue; they are also plant pests, parasitoids and predators whose activities can influence agriculture. In addition, their use in medical treatments, such as maggot therapy of gangrene and wounds, has grown considerably. They also have many uses in forensic science to determine the minimum post-mortem interval and provide valuable information about the movement of the body, cause of the death, drug use, or poisoning. It has also been proposed that they may be used as model organisms to replace mammal systems in research. The present review describes the role of free fatty acids (FFAs) in key physiological processes in insects. By focusing on insects of medical, veterinary significance, we have limited our description of the physiological processes to those most important from the point of view of insect control; the study examines their effects on insect reproduction and resistance to the adverse effects of abiotic (low temperature) and biotic (pathogens) factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kaczmarek
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mieczysława Boguś
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Biomibo, Warsaw, Poland
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97
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Noguchi K, Yokozeki K, Tanaka Y, Suzuki Y, Nakajima K, Nishimura T, Goda N. Sima, a Drosophila homolog of HIF-1α, in fat body tissue inhibits larval body growth by inducing Tribbles gene expression. Genes Cells 2021; 27:145-151. [PMID: 34918430 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Limited oxygen availability impairs normal body growth, although the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In Drosophila, hypoxic responses in the larval fat body (FB) disturb the secretion of insulin-like peptides from the brain, inhibiting body growth. However, the cell-autonomous effects of hypoxia on the insulin-signaling pathway in larval FB have been underexplored. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of overexpression of Sima, a Drosophila hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) α homolog and a key component of HIF-1 transcription factor essential for hypoxic adaptation, on the insulin-signaling pathway in larval FB. Forced expression of Sima in FB reduced the larval body growth with reduced Akt phosphorylation levels in FB cells and increased hemolymph sugar levels. Sima-mediated growth inhibition was reversed by overexpression of TOR or suppression of FOXO. After Sima overexpression, larvae showed higher expression levels of Tribbles, a negative regulator of Akt activity, and a simultaneous knockdown of Tribbles completely abolished the effects of Sima on larval body growth. Furthermore, a reporter analysis revealed Tribbles as a direct target gene of Sima. These results suggest that Sima in FB evokes Tribbles-mediated insulin resistance and consequently protects against aberrant insulin-dependent larval body growth under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Noguchi
- Department of Life Sciences and Medical BioScience, Waseda University School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Yokozeki
- Department of Life Sciences and Medical BioScience, Waseda University School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Tanaka
- Department of Life Sciences and Medical BioScience, Waseda University School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Life Sciences and Medical BioScience, Waseda University School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakajima
- Department of Life Sciences and Medical BioScience, Waseda University School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishimura
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Goda
- Department of Life Sciences and Medical BioScience, Waseda University School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
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98
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Gao S, Sun H, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Sun P, Shang J, Zhang K, Li R. Knockdown of Uridine Diphosphate Glucosyltransferase 86Dg Enhances Susceptibility of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) to Artemisia vulgaris (Asterales: Asteraceae) Essential Oil. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:2553-2561. [PMID: 34546358 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferases (UGTs), which are phase II detoxification enzymes, are found in various organisms. These enzymes play an important role in the detoxification mechanisms of plant allelopathy and in insects. Artemisia vulgaris L. (Asterales: Asteraceae: Artemisia) essential oil has strong contact toxicity to Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae. However, the effect of A. vulgaris essential oil on UGTs is unclear. In this study, A. vulgaris essential oil was shown to significantly induce the expression of the TcUgt86Dg transcript. Furthermore, treatment of TcUgt86Dg-silenced individuals with A. vulgaris essential oil resulted in higher mortality than for the control individuals, indicating that TcUgt86Dg is involved in detoxification of A. vulgaris essential oil in T. castaneum. The developmental expression profile showed that the expression of TcUgt86Dg in late adults was higher than in other developmental stages. Furthermore, the expression profile in adult tissues revealed higher expression of TcUgt86Dg in the head, antenna, fat body, and accessory gland than in other tissues. These data show that TcUgt86Dg may be involved in the metabolism of exogenous toxins by T. castaneum; thus, our results have elucidated one possible mechanism of resistance to A. vulgaris essential oil and provide a theoretical basis for a control scheme for T. castaneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Gao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Haidi Sun
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Yonglei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peipei Sun
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Jin Shang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Kunpeng Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Ruimin Li
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
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99
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Hun LV, Cheung KW, Brooks E, Zudekoff R, Luckhart S, Riehle MA. Increased insulin signaling in the Anopheles stephensi fat body regulates metabolism and enhances the host response to both bacterial challenge and Plasmodium falciparum infection. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 139:103669. [PMID: 34666189 PMCID: PMC8647039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In vertebrates and invertebrates, the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling (IIS) cascade is highly conserved and plays a vital role in many different physiological processes. Among the many tissues that respond to IIS in mosquitoes, the fat body has a central role in metabolism, lifespan, reproduction, and innate immunity. We previously demonstrated that fat body specific expression of active Akt, a key IIS signaling molecule, in adult Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti activated the IIS cascade and extended lifespan. Additionally, we found that transgenic females produced more vitellogenin (Vg) protein than non-transgenic mosquitoes, although this did not translate into increased fecundity. These results prompted us to further examine how IIS impacts immunity, metabolism, growth and development of these transgenic mosquitoes. We observed significant changes in glycogen, trehalose, triglycerides, glucose, and protein in young (3-5 d) transgenic mosquitoes relative to non-transgenic sibling controls, while only triglycerides were significantly changed in older (18 d) transgenic mosquitoes. More importantly, we demonstrated that enhanced fat body IIS decreased both the prevalence and intensity of Plasmodium falciparum infection in transgenic An. stephensi. Additionally, challenging transgenic An. stephensi with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria altered the expression of several antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and two anti-Plasmodium genes, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and thioester complement-like protein (TEP1), relative to non-transgenic controls. Increased IIS in the fat body of adult female An. stephensi had little to no impact on body size, growth or development of progeny from transgenic mosquitoes relative to non-transgenic controls. This study both confirms and expands our understanding of the critical roles insulin signaling plays in regulating the diverse functions of the mosquito fat body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis V Hun
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA; Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kong Wai Cheung
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Brooks
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Rissa Zudekoff
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Shirley Luckhart
- Departrment of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Michael A Riehle
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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100
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Huang DY, Xia XL, Huang R, Li S, Yuan DW, Liu SN. The steroid-induced microRNA let-7 regulates developmental growth by targeting cdc7 in the Drosophila fat body. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:1621-1632. [PMID: 33089948 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In insects, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) limits systemic growth by triggering developmental transitions. Previous studies have shown that 20E-induced let-7 exhibits crosstalk with the cell cycle. Here, we examined the underlying molecular mechanisms and physiological functions of 20E-induced let-7 in the fat body, an organ for energy storage and nutrient mobilization which plays a critical role in the larval growth. First, the overexpression of let-7 decreased the body size and led to the reduction of both nucleolus and cell sizes in the larval fat body. In contrast, the overexpression of let-7-Sponge increased the nucleolus and cell sizes. Moreover, we found that cdc7, encoding a conserved protein kinase that controls the endocycle, is a target of let-7. Notably, the mutation of cdc7 in the fat body resulted in growth defects. Overall, our findings revealed a novel role of let-7 in the control of endoreduplication-related growth during larval-prepupal transition in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Yan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Run Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Dong-Wei Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Su-Ning Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
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