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Lu X, He M, Tang S, Wu Y, Shao X, Wei H, Siemann E, Ding J. Herbivory may promote a non-native plant invasion at low but not high latitudes. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:819-827. [PMID: 31318017 PMCID: PMC6868397 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The strengths of biotic interactions such as herbivory are expected to decrease with increasing latitude for native species. To what extent this applies to invasive species and what the consequences of this variation are for competition among native and invasive species remain unexplored. Here, herbivore impacts on the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides and its competition with the native congener A. sessilis were estimated across latitudes in China. METHODS An common garden experiment spanning ten latitudinal degrees was conducted to test how herbivore impacts on A. philoxeroides and A. sessilis, and competition between them change with latitude. In addition, a field survey was conducted from 21°N to 36.8°N to test whether A. philoxeroides invasiveness changes with latitude in nature as a result of variations in herbivory. KEY RESULTS In the experiment, A. sessilis cover was significantly higher than A. philoxeroides cover when they competed in the absence of herbivores, but otherwise their cover was comparable at low latitude. However, A. philoxeroides cover was always higher on average than A. sessilis cover at middle latitude. At high latitude, only A. sessilis emerged in the second year. Herbivore abundance decreased with latitude and A. philoxeroides emerged earlier than A. sessilis at middle latitude. In the field survey, the ratio of A. philoxeroides to A. sessilis cover was hump shaped with latitude. CONCLUSION These results indicate that herbivory may promote A. philoxeroides invasion only at low latitude by altering the outcome of competition in favour of the invader and point to the importance of other factors, such as earlier emergence, in A. philoxeroides invasion at higher latitudes. These results suggest that the key factors promoting plant invasions might change with latitude, highlighting the importance of teasing apart the roles of multiple factors in plant invasions within a biogeographic framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Lu
- College of Plant Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- For correspondence. E-mail ,
| | - Minyan He
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Saichun Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xu Shao
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Wei
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Evan Siemann
- Biosciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianqing Ding
- College of Plant Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
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52
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Predicting the outcome of potential novel associations: interactions between the invasive Vincetoxicum rossicum and native western Chrysochus beetles. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02043-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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53
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McCary MA, Wise DH. Plant invader alters soil food web via changes to fungal resources. Oecologia 2019; 191:587-599. [PMID: 31529212 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
While aboveground impacts of invasive plants are well documented, their influence on soil food webs remains less understood. Previous research has revealed that bottom-up forces are widespread in soil food webs of woodlands. Thus, an invasive plant that negatively impacts the base of the food web will likely decrease primary consumers as well as their predators. We examined how a North American plant invader, garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), affects arthropod primary (springtails and oribatid mites) and secondary (predaceous mites) consumers of the soil food web via changes to fungal resources. We measured the abundances of plants, soil fungi, fungivores, and predators in garlic mustard-invaded and uninvaded 1-m2 plots in five Midwestern USA woodlands. We then conducted a mesocosm (0.25-m2 plots) experiment to tease apart the direct and indirect effects of garlic mustard by manipulating plant identity (garlic mustard vs. native plant), soil history (invaded vs. uninvaded), and fungicide application (fungicide vs. no fungicide). Our first study revealed that plots without garlic mustard had 2.8 and 1.4 × more fungi and fungivores, respectively. Predator densities did not differ. Fungal composition and structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed the garlic mustard effects on fungivores were correlated with fungal declines. The mesocosm experiment confirmed that the impacts were indirect, as fungicide plots harbored similar fungivore densities, whereas fungivore densities differed according to plant identity and soil history in the fungicide-free plots. Our results reveal that by altering soil fungal abundance, an invasive plant can indirectly affect primary consumers in soil food webs, but this indirect effect does not influence predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A McCary
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA. .,Institute for Environmental Science and Policy, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. .,Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - David H Wise
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.,Institute for Environmental Science and Policy, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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Herbivore seasonality responds to conflicting cues: Untangling the effects of host, temperature, and photoperiod. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222227. [PMID: 31487319 PMCID: PMC6728043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms from temperate ecosystems experience a cyclic alternation of favorable seasons, when they can grow and develop, and unfavorable periods, characterized by low temperatures and reduced resource availability. A common adaptation to these changing conditions is to undergo a state of metabolic arrest triggered by environmental cues (e.g. diapause) during the unfavorable periods. Altered environmental conditions resulting from global change can expose organisms to contradictory cues, potentially triggering maladaptive responses. Here, I compared the performance of an oligophagous butterfly when experiencing consistent vs contradictory environmental cues by manipulating temperature, daylength, and host plant in the laboratory. I implemented a fully factorial design with realistic temperature and photoperiodic regimes to resemble environmental conditions during mid-summer and the summer-autumn transition within the focal species’ range. To assess the role of host plant at mediating the effects of abiotic factors, larvae were fed foliage of either a high or a low-quality host species. Decreasing daylength was the primary cue inducing diapause; however, feeding on a low-quality host at low temperatures also induced diapause in larvae growing under constant summer daylength. Conversely, exposure to high temperatures while feeding on a high-quality host occasionally overruled the diapause-inducing effect of decreasing daylength. Feeding on a high-quality host mitigated the lethal effects of cold, but not of hot temperatures. In addition, exposure to cold temperatures resulted in a significant reduction of pupal mass only under decreasing daylength. These results indicate that responses to environmental stressors in this multivoltine butterfly differ across the growing season according to the eco-physiological state of individuals (whether they undergo direct development or diapause). Traits related to oligophagy, such as sensitivity to multiple cues for diapause induction, as well as some of its consequences, such as the occurrence of overlapping generations, are likely to mitigate some of the detrimental effects of global change.
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55
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Jack CN, Friesen ML. Rapid evolution of Medicago polymorpha during invasion shifts interactions with the soybean looper. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:10522-10533. [PMID: 31632647 PMCID: PMC6787872 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Enemy Release Hypothesis posits that invasion of novel habitats can be facilitated by the absence of coevolved herbivores. However, a new environment and interactions with unfamiliar herbivores may impose selection on invading plants for traits that reduce their attractiveness to herbivores or for enhanced defenses compared to native host plants, leading to a pattern similar to enemy release but driven by evolutionary change rather than ecological differences. The Shifting Defense Hypothesis posits that plants in novel habitats will shift from specialized defense mechanisms to defense mechanisms effective against generalist herbivores in the new range. We tested these ideas by comparing herbivore preference and performance of native (Eurasia)- and invasive (New World)-range Medicago polymorpha, using a generalist herbivore, the soybean looper, that co-occurs with M. polymorpha in its New World invaded range. We found that soybean loopers varied in preference and performance depending on host genotype and that overall the herbivore preferred to consume plant genotypes from naïve populations from Eurasia. This potentially suggests that range expansion of M. polymorpha into the New World has led to rapid evolution of a variety of traits that have helped multiple populations become established, including those that may allow invasive populations to resist herbivory. Thus, enemy release in a novel range can occur through rapid evolution by the plant during invasion, as predicted by the Shifting Defense Hypothesis, rather than via historical divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra N. Jack
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
- BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in ActionEast LansingMichigan
- Department of Plant PathologyWashington State UniversityPullmanWashington
| | - Maren L. Friesen
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
- BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in ActionEast LansingMichigan
- Department of Plant PathologyWashington State UniversityPullmanWashington
- Department of Crop and Soil SciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWashington
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56
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Harvey JA, Gols R, Smith B, Ode PJ. Invasive moth facilitates use of a native food plant by other native and invasive arthropods. Ecol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Harvey
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology Wageningen The Netherlands
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Section Animal Ecology VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Rieta Gols
- Laboratory of Entomology Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Brittany Smith
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management/Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Paul J. Ode
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management/Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado
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57
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Ke F, You S, Huang S, Chen W, Liu T, He W, Xie D, Li Q, Lin X, Vasseur L, Gurr GM, You M. Herbivore range expansion triggers adaptation in a subsequently-associated third trophic level species and shared microbial symbionts. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10314. [PMID: 31311998 PMCID: PMC6635496 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46742-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive species may change the life history strategies, distribution, genetic configuration and trophic interactions of native species. The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., is an invasive herbivore attacking cultivated and wild brassica plants worldwide. Here we present phylogeographic analyses of P. xylostella and one of its major parasitoids, Cotesia vestalis, using mitochondrial markers, revealing the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of these two species. We find evidence that C. vestalis originated in Southwest China, then adapted to P. xylostella as a new host by ecological sorting as P. xylostella expanded its geographic range into this region. Associated with the expansion of P. xylostella, Wolbachia symbionts were introduced into local populations of the parasitoid through horizontal transfer from its newly associated host. Insights into the evolutionary history and phylogeographic system of the herbivore and its parasitoid provide an important basis for better understanding the impacts of biological invasion on genetic configuration of local species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fushi Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shijun You
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Sumei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Weijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Tiansheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Weiyi He
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Dandan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xijian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Liette Vasseur
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Geoff M Gurr
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Graham Centre, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia
| | - Minsheng You
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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58
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Little CM, Chapman TW, Hillier NK. Considerations for Insect Learning in Integrated Pest Management. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2019; 19:6. [PMID: 31313814 PMCID: PMC6635889 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iez064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The past 100 yr have seen dramatic philosophical shifts in our approach to controlling or managing pest species. The introduction of integrated pest management in the 1970s resulted in the incorporation of biological and behavioral approaches to preserve ecosystems and reduce reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides. Increased understanding of the local ecosystem, including its structure and the biology of its species, can improve efficacy of integrated pest management strategies. Pest management strategies incorporating insect learning paradigms to control insect pests or to use insects to control other pests can mediate risk to nontarget insects, including pollinators. Although our understanding of insect learning is in its early stages, efforts to integrate insect learning into pest management strategies have been promising. Due to considerable differences in cognitive abilities among insect species, a case-by-case assessment is needed for each potential application of insect learning within a pest management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Little
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Thomas W Chapman
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - N Kirk Hillier
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
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59
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Buchholz S, Kowarik I. Urbanisation modulates plant-pollinator interactions in invasive vs. native plant species. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6375. [PMID: 31011154 PMCID: PMC6477046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42884-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollination is a key ecological process, and invasive alien plant species have been shown to significantly affect plant-pollinator interactions. Yet, the role of the environmental context in modulating such processes is understudied. As urbanisation is a major component of global change, being associated with a range of stressors (e.g. heat, pollution, habitat isolation), we tested whether the attractiveness of a common invasive alien plant (Robinia pseudoacacia, black locust) vs. a common native plant (Cytisus scoparius, common broom) for pollinators changes with increasing urbanisation. We exposed blossoms of both species along an urbanisation gradient and quantified different types of pollinator interaction with the flowers. Both species attracted a broad range of pollinators, with significantly more visits for R. pseudoacacia, but without significant differences in numbers of insects that immediately accessed the flowers. However, compared to native Cytisus, more pollinators only hovered in front of flowers of invasive Robinia without visiting those subsequently. The decision rate to enter flowers of the invasive species decreased with increasing urbanisation. This suggests that while invasive Robinia still attracts many pollinators in urban settings attractiveness may decrease with increasing urban stressors. Results indicated future directions to deconstruct the role of different stressors in modulating plant-pollinator interactions, and they have implications for urban development since Robinia can be still considered as a "pollinator-friendly" tree for certain urban settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Buchholz
- Department of Ecology, Technische Universität Berlin, 12165, Berlin, Germany. .,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ingo Kowarik
- Department of Ecology, Technische Universität Berlin, 12165, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195, Berlin, Germany
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60
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Corli A, Sheppard CS. Effects of Residence Time, Auto-Fertility and Pollinator Dependence on Reproductive Output and Spread of Alien and Native Asteraceae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E108. [PMID: 31018600 PMCID: PMC6524061 DOI: 10.3390/plants8040108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alien plants benefit from auto-fertility to spread over areas where the lack of co-evolved mutualists would otherwise limit invasion success. However, the widespread generalists among mutualists and their large geographical ranges allow alien plants to be integrated into networks. The role of residence time also has to be accounted for, as it takes time for a species to spread and adapt to a new area. We investigated how residence time, auto-fertility and pollinator dependence affect reproductive output and invasion success of Asteraceae in Germany. We conducted a multi-species common-garden experiment along an alien-native continuum including 42 species of natives, archaeophytes and neophytes (casual and established), subjecting plant individuals either to free access or exclusion of pollinators. Pollinator dependence does not play a crucial role in invasion success, with most Asteraceae being able to self-fertilize. Surprisingly, both established neophytes and natives showed higher abilities to self-fertilize, while archaeophytes and casual neophytes were more attractive to pollinators. In contrast to casual neophytes, the established neophytes' strategy was associated with a large reproductive output. Yet, auto-fertility was not associated with range size, since archaeophytes reached the largest range sizes. Elucidating how breeding systems affect invasion success is crucial for predicting and managing invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Corli
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, August-von-Hartmann Str. 3, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Via S. Epifanio, 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Christine S Sheppard
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, August-von-Hartmann Str. 3, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
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61
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Stephens KL, Dantzler‐Kyer ME, Patten MA, Souza L. Differential responses to global change of aquatic and terrestrial invasive species: evidences from a meta‐analysis. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kambridge L. Stephens
- Oklahoma Biological Survey University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma 73019 USA
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma 73019 USA
| | - Maryanne E. Dantzler‐Kyer
- Oklahoma Biological Survey University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma 73019 USA
- Department of Biology University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma 73019 USA
| | - Michael A. Patten
- Oklahoma Biological Survey University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma 73019 USA
- Department of Biology University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma 73019 USA
| | - Lara Souza
- Oklahoma Biological Survey University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma 73019 USA
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma 73019 USA
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62
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Heiselmeyer T, Boulton A, Beauchamp V. The Relationship Between Native Insects and an Invasive Grass (Oplismenus undulatifolius) in the Mid-Atlantic United States. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2019. [DOI: 10.1656/045.026.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Heiselmeyer
- Environmental Biology, Hood College, 401 Rosemont Avenue, Frederick, MD 21701
| | - April Boulton
- Environmental Biology, Hood College, 401 Rosemont Avenue, Frederick, MD 21701
| | - Vanessa Beauchamp
- Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, 8000 York Road, Towson, MD 21252
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63
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Herbivore accumulation on invasive alien plants increases the distribution range of generalist herbivorous insects and supports proliferation of non-native insect pests. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-01913-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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64
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Zhao Z, Wei J, Zhang K, Li H, Wei S, Pan X, Huang W, Zhu M, Zhang R. Asymmetric response of different functional insect groups to low-grazing pressure in Eurasian steppe in Ningxia. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:11609-11618. [PMID: 30598760 PMCID: PMC6303718 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the continued loss and fragmentation of steppe has caused decreased ecosystem functions and species losses in insect diversity. In the 2000s, the Chinese government developed a series of national projects, such as the construction of enclosures, to conserve natural ecosystems, including steppe. However, the effects of these enclosures on steppe arthropod community are largely unknown. In the present study, we selected enclosed and low-grazing regions at eight National Grassland Fixed Monitoring Stations to examine the compositional differences in four insect functional groups and their associated ecological functions. The results showed that diversity significantly differed between the enclosed and low-grazing regions, with the number of insect families being significantly higher in enclosed regions than in regions with low-grazing pressure. The responses of the insect community to steppe management also varied among the four groups (herbivores, predators, parasitoids, and pollinators). The abundances of herbivores, predators, and parasitoids were higher in enclosed regions than in low-grazing regions, while there was no significant difference in pollinators. Additionally, there were no significant differences in the predator/prey ratio between enclosed regions and low-grazing regions in any of the steppe types. The parasitic wasp/prey ratio was higher in enclosed regions than in low-grazing regions in meadow steppe and typical steppe, while there were no significant differences between the enclosed and low-grazing regions in desert steppe and steppe desert. Herbivores were observed to benefit much more from enclosures than predators, parasitoids, and pollinators. Therefore, we recommend low-grazing should be considered in steppe conservation, which could conserve biodiversity and achieve biocontrol functions of arthropod community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihua Zhao
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Kaiyang Zhang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shuhua Wei
- Institute of Plant ProtectionNingxia Academy of Agriculture and ForestryYinchuanChina
| | - Xubin Pan
- Institute of Plant QuarantineChinese Academy of Inspection and QuarantineBeijingChina
| | | | - Mengmeng Zhu
- Institute of Plant ProtectionNingxia Academy of Agriculture and ForestryYinchuanChina
| | - Rong Zhang
- Institute of Plant ProtectionNingxia Academy of Agriculture and ForestryYinchuanChina
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65
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Lu X, He M, Ding J, Siemann E. Latitudinal variation in soil biota: testing the biotic interaction hypothesis with an invasive plant and a native congener. THE ISME JOURNAL 2018; 12:2811-2822. [PMID: 30013163 PMCID: PMC6246596 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil biota community structure can change with latitude, but the effects of changes on native plants, invasive plants, and their herbivores remain unclear. Here, we examined latitudinal variation in the soil biota community associated with the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides and its native congener A. sessilis, and the effects of soil biota community variation on these plants and the beetle Agasicles hygrophila. We characterized the soil bacterial and fungal communities and root-knot nematodes of plant rhizospheres collected from 22 °N to 36.6 °N in China. Soil biota community structure changed with latitude as a function of climate and soil properties. Root-knot nematode abundance and potential soil fungal pathogen diversity (classified with FUNGuild) decreased with latitude, apparently due to higher soil pH and lower temperatures. A greenhouse experiment and lab bioassay showed native plant mass, seed production, and mass of beetles fed native foliage increased with soil collection latitude. However, there were no latitudinal patterns for the invasive plant. These results suggest that invasive and native plants and, consequently, their herbivores have different responses to latitudinal changes in soil-borne enemies, potentially creating spatial variation in enemy release or biotic resistance. This highlights the importance of linking above- and below-ground multitrophic interactions to explore the role of soil biota in non-native plant invasions with a biogeographic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Minyan He
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianqing Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.
| | - Evan Siemann
- Biosciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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66
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Avanesyan A. Should I Eat or Should I Go? Acridid Grasshoppers and Their Novel Host Plants: Potential for Biotic Resistance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 7:E83. [PMID: 30301240 PMCID: PMC6313845 DOI: 10.3390/plants7040083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Novel, non-coevolved associations between introduced plants and native insect herbivores may lead to changes in trophic interactions in native communities, as well as to substantial economic problems. Although some studies in invasion ecology demonstrated that native herbivores can preferentially feed on introduced plants and therefore contribute to the biotic resistance of native communities to plant invasions, the role of acridid grasshoppers as native generalist insect herbivores is largely overlooked. This systematic review aimed to identify patterns of grasshopper feeding preferences for native versus introduced plants and, consequently, a potential of grasshoppers to provide biotic resistance of native communities. The analysis of 63 records of feeding preference trials for 28 North-American grasshopper species (retrieved from 2146 studies published during 1967⁻2017) has demonstrated a preference of grasshoppers for introduced host plants, and identified 12 preferred introduced plants with high or middle invasive ranks. A significant effect of the life stage (p < 0.001), but not the experimental environment, plant material, and measurements, on grasshopper preferences for introduced plants was also detected. Overall, results suggest a potential of acridid grasshoppers to contribute to the biotic resistance of native communities. The review also provides methodological recommendations for future experimental studies on grasshopper-host plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Avanesyan
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, 4291 Fieldhouse Drive, 3128 Plant Sciences, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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67
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Zhang J, Ju RT, Pan H, Pan SF, Wu J. Enemy-free space is important in driving the host expansion of a generalist herbivore to an inferior exotic plant in a wetland of Yangtze Estuary. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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68
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Andersen EM, Cambrelin MN, Steidl RJ. Responses of grassland arthropods to an invasion by nonnative grasses. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1831-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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69
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70
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Czenze ZJ, Tucker JL, Clare EL, Littlefair JE, Hemprich‐Bennett D, Oliveira HFM, Brigham RM, Hickey AJR, Parsons S. Spatiotemporal and demographic variation in the diet of New Zealand lesser short-tailed bats ( Mystacina tuberculata). Ecol Evol 2018; 8:7599-7610. [PMID: 30151174 PMCID: PMC6106186 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation in the diet of generalist insectivores can be affected by site-specific traits including weather, habitat, and season, as well as demographic traits such as reproductive status and age. We used molecular methods to compare diets of three distinct New Zealand populations of lesser short-tailed bats, Mystacina tuberculata. Summer diets were compared between a southern cold-temperate (Eglinton) and a northern population (Puroera). Winter diets were compared between Pureora and a subtropical offshore island population (Hauturu). This also permitted seasonal diet comparisons within the Pureora population. Lepidoptera and Diptera accounted for >80% of MOTUs identified from fecal matter at each site/season. The proportion of orders represented within prey and the Simpson diversity index, differed between sites and seasons within the Pureora population. For the Pureora population, the value of the Simpson diversity index was higher in summer than winter and was higher in Pureora compared to Eglinton. Summer Eglinton samples revealed that juvenile diets appeared to be more diverse than other demographic groups. Lactating females had the lowest dietary diversity during summer in Pureora. In Hauturu, we found a significant negative relationship between mean ambient temperature and prey richness. Our data suggest that M. tuberculata incorporate a narrower diversity of terrestrial insects than previously reported. This provides novel insights into foraging behavior and ecological interactions within different habitats. Our study is the first from the Southern Hemisphere to use molecular techniques to examine spatiotemporal variation in the diet of a generalist insectivore that inhabits a contiguous range with several habitat types and climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenon J. Czenze
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - J. Leon Tucker
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Elizabeth L. Clare
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Joanne E. Littlefair
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Stuart Parsons
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Present address:
School of Earth, Environmental and Biological SciencesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia
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71
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Lakatos KT, László Z, Tóthmérész B. Disturbance induced dynamics of a tritrophic novel ecosystem. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2018; 108:158-165. [PMID: 28743321 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485317000621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Novel ecosystems formed by invasive plants provide a good opportunity to get insight into early dynamics and pattern formation of these ecosystems. The invasive black locust as host plant, Bruchophagus robiniae as host-specific seed predator and its parasitoids were the components of the studied tritrophic system. To investigate disturbance-driven dynamics of this system we created seed-vacated host plant patches in a field experiment. We removed all pods from selected patches of black locust resulting in an induced local extinction of seed predators and their parasitoids. We hypothesized that disturbance enhances top-down control by parasitoids; this enhanced top-down control decreases seed predation, facilitating the host plant's spread. We found that disturbance modified only parasitism after controlling with year effect: in vacated patches median parasitism was higher than in control patches. Seed predation exceeded its initial level in vacated patches in the third year after the disturbance, but in the fourth year it dropped again presumably due to the strong top-down control. Our findings also suggested that the seed predator was also affected by the bottom-up control of its host plant's density. We found that in the studied new ecosystem the top-down control was strengthened by the disturbance. Since the host plant of the tritrophic system is an invasive species, partial habitat disturbance of such species may increase the severity of parasitoid top-down control, which may reduce seed predation by the herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Lakatos
- Department of Ecology,University of Debrecen,Debrecen, Egyetem square 1, H-4032,Hungary
| | - Z László
- Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology,Babeş-Bolyai University,Str. Clinicilor nr. 5-7, 400006 Cluj-Napoca,Romania
| | - B Tóthmérész
- MTA-DE Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group,Debrecen, Egyetem square 1, H-4032,Hungary
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73
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Abstract
Ekebergia capensis is a medium-sized to large evergreen to deciduous tree ranging from southern Africa to Ethiopia. Two morphologically-distinct variants of E. capensis, southern and northern, may be recognized in southern Africa. Despite its wide distribution range there appear to be no published reports on the secretory structures occurring on the leaves. In very young leaves, colleters on the petiolules, adjacent portions of the rachis and the midrib of the adaxial leaflet surfaces, secrete fluid which at least partly covers these developing areas. This is the first record of colleters in Meliaceae. In addition, several extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) are found in variable positions on the abaxial side of the leaflets. No stomata are associated with the EFNs. The glandular tissue of active EFNs is surrounded by druse crystals of calcium oxalate and consists of secretory cells some of whose walls are separated by "strands" of amorphous lipophilic material, especially in a radial orientation. EFNs on developing leaves are inconspicuous but with time, frequently become more easily visible due to the accumulation of pinkish/reddish anthocyanins. Even on senescent leaves, shed in autumn, large droplets of nectar are frequently visible on the EFNs. The secretory tissue originates from protoderm and ground tissues. Slight differences in abundance, size, shape, position and structure exist between the EFNs of the southern and northern forms. Varying proportions of glucose, fructose and sucrose were detected in the rather viscous nectar with the most abundant sugar usually being fructose. Ants were only rarely observed feeding on the nectar. This finding is in conflict with the generally accepted idea that EFNs provide food for ants which in turn protect the plant from herbivores. More detailed studies of the chemistry of the nectar, which is relatively copious, may provide clues as to the function.
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74
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Carrasco D, Desurmont GA, Laplanche D, Proffit M, Gols R, Becher PG, Larsson MC, Turlings TCJ, Anderson P. With or without you: Effects of the concurrent range expansion of an herbivore and its natural enemy on native species interactions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:631-643. [PMID: 28731514 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Global climatic changes may lead to the arrival of multiple range-expanding species from different trophic levels into new habitats, either simultaneously or in quick succession, potentially causing the introduction of manifold novel interactions into native food webs. Unraveling the complex biotic interactions between native and range-expanding species is critical to understand the impact of climate change on community ecology, but experimental evidence is lacking. In a series of laboratory experiments that simulated direct and indirect species interactions, we investigated the effects of the concurrent arrival of a range-expanding insect herbivore in Europe, Spodoptera littoralis, and its associated parasitoid Microplitis rufiventris, on the native herbivore Mamestra brassicae, and its associated parasitoid Microplitis mediator, when co-occurring on a native plant, Brassica rapa. Overall, direct interactions between the herbivores were beneficial for the exotic herbivore (higher pupal weight than the native herbivore), and negative for the native herbivore (higher mortality than the exotic herbivore). At the third trophic level, both parasitoids were unable to parasitize the herbivore they did not coexist with, but the presence of the exotic parasitoid still negatively affected the native herbivore (increased mortality) and the native parasitoid (decreased parasitism rate), through failed parasitism attempts and interference effects. Our results suggest different interaction scenarios depending on whether S. littoralis and its parasitoid arrive to the native tritrophic system separately or concurrently, as the negative effects associated with the presence of the parasitoid were dependent on the presence of the exotic herbivore. These findings illustrate the complexity and interconnectedness of multitrophic changes resulting from concurrent species arrival to new environments, and the need for integrating the ecological effects of such arrivals into the general theoretical framework of global invasion patterns driven by climatic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Carrasco
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Gaylord A Desurmont
- FARCE Laboratory, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Diane Laplanche
- FARCE Laboratory, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Magali Proffit
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), UMR 5175, CNRS-Université de Montpellier-Université Paul Valéry Montpellier-EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Rieta Gols
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul G Becher
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Mattias C Larsson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Ted C J Turlings
- FARCE Laboratory, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Anderson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
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75
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Sakata Y, Craig TP, Itami JK, Yamasaki M, Ohgushi T. Parallel environmental factors drive variation in insect density and plant resistance in the native and invaded ranges. Ecology 2017; 98:2873-2884. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzu Sakata
- Center for Ecological Research; Kyoto University; Otsu 520-2113 Japan
| | - Timothy P. Craig
- Department of Biology; University of Minnesota Duluth; Duluth Minnesota 55812 USA
| | - Joanne K. Itami
- Department of Biology; University of Minnesota Duluth; Duluth Minnesota 55812 USA
| | - Michimasa Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Forest Biology; Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Takayuki Ohgushi
- Center for Ecological Research; Kyoto University; Otsu 520-2113 Japan
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76
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García-Quismondo M, Reed JM, Chew FS, Martínez-del-Amor MA, Pérez-Jiménez MJ. Evolutionary response of a native butterfly to concurrent plant invasions: Simulation of population dynamics. Ecol Modell 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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77
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Hejda M, Hanzelka J, Kadlec T, Štrobl M, Pyšek P, Reif J. Impacts of an invasive tree across trophic levels: Species richness, community composition and resident species’ traits. DIVERS DISTRIB 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hejda
- Department of Invasion Ecology; Institute of Botany; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Průhonice Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hanzelka
- Faculty of Science; Institute for Environmental Studies; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kadlec
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Environmental Sciences; Czech University of Life Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Martin Štrobl
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Environmental Sciences; Czech University of Life Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology; Institute of Botany; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Průhonice Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Reif
- Faculty of Science; Institute for Environmental Studies; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology; Faculty of Science; Palacký University Olomouc; Olomouc Czech Republic
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78
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Kuppler J, Höfers MK, Trutschnig W, Bathke AC, Eiben JA, Daehler CC, Junker RR. Exotic flower visitors exploit large floral trait spaces resulting in asymmetric resource partitioning with native visitors. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Kuppler
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Maren K. Höfers
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | | | - Arne C. Bathke
- Department of MathematicsUniversity of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Jesse A. Eiben
- College of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of Hawai'i at Hilo Hilo HI USA
| | | | - Robert R. Junker
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
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79
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Jack CN, Friesen ML, Hintze A, Sheneman L. Third-party mutualists have contrasting effects on host invasion under the enemy-release and biotic-resistance hypotheses. Evol Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-017-9912-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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80
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Rodríguez-Verdugo A, Buckley J, Stapley J. The genomic basis of eco-evolutionary dynamics. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:1456-1464. [PMID: 28160333 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent recognition that ecological and evolutionary processes can operate on similar timescales has led to a rapid increase in theoretical and empirical studies on eco-evolutionary dynamics. Progress in the fields of evolutionary biology, genomics and ecology is greatly enhancing our understanding of rapid adaptive processes, the predictability of adaptation and the genetics of ecologically important traits. However, progress in these fields has proceeded largely independently of one another. In an attempt to better integrate these fields, the centre for 'Adaptation to a Changing Environment' organized a conference entitled 'The genomic basis of eco-evolutionary change' and brought together experts in ecological genomics and eco-evolutionary dynamics. In this review, we use the work of the invited speakers to summarize eco-evolutionary dynamics and discuss how they are relevant for understanding and predicting responses to contemporary environmental change. Then, we show how recent advances in genomics are contributing to our understanding of eco-evolutionary dynamics. Finally, we highlight the gaps in our understanding of eco-evolutionary dynamics and recommend future avenues of research in eco-evolutionary dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Rodríguez-Verdugo
- Adaptation to a Changing Environment, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - James Buckley
- Adaptation to a Changing Environment, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Stapley
- Adaptation to a Changing Environment, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
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81
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Abstract
Apparent feeding damage by insects on plants is often slight. Thus, the influences of insect herbivores on plant populations are likely minor. The role of insects on host-plant populations can be elucidated via several methods: stage-structured life tables of plant populations manipulated by herbivore exclusion and seed-addition experiments, tests of the enemy release hypothesis, studies of the effects of accidentally and intentionally introduced insect herbivores, and observations of the impacts of insect species that show outbreak population dynamics. These approaches demonstrate that some, but not all, insect herbivores influence plant population densities. At times, insect-feeding damage kills plants, but more often, it reduces plant size, growth, and seed production. Plant populations for which seed germination is site limited will not respond at the population level to reduced seed production. Insect herbivores can influence rare plant species and need to be considered in conservation programs. Alterations due to climate change in the distributions of insect herbivores indicate the possibility of new influences on host plants. Long-term studies are required to show if density-related insect behavior stabilizes plant populations or if environmental variation drives most temporal fluctuations in plant densities. Finally, insects can influence plant populations and communities through changing the diversity of nonhost species, modifying nutrient fluxes, and rejuvenating over mature forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith H Myers
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada;
- Biodiversity Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rana M Sarfraz
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada;
- Biodiversity Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
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82
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Bhattarai GP, Meyerson LA, Cronin JT. Geographic variation in apparent competition between native and invasive Phragmites australis. Ecology 2017; 98:349-358. [PMID: 27861789 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Apparent competition, the negative interaction between species mediated by shared natural enemies, is thought to play an important role in shaping the structure and dynamics of natural communities. However, its importance in driving species invasions, and whether the strength of this indirect interaction varies across the latitudinal range of the invasion, has not been fully explored. We performed replicated field experiments at four sites spanning 900 km along the Atlantic Coast of the United States to assess the presence and strength of apparent competition between sympatric native and invasive lineages of Phragmites australis. Four herbivore guilds were considered: stem-feeders, leaf-miners, leaf-chewers and aphids. We also tested the hypothesis that the strength of this interaction declines with increasing latitude. Within each site, native and invasive plants of P. australis were cross-transplanted between co-occurring native and invasive patches in the same marsh habitat and herbivore damage was evaluated at the end of the growing season. Apparent competition was evident for both lineages and involved all but the leaf-chewer guild. For native plants, total aphids per plant was 296% higher and the incidence of stem-feeding and leaf-mining herbivores was 34% and 221% higher, respectively, when transplanted into invasive than native patches. These data suggest that invasive P. australis has a negative effect on native P. australis via apparent competition. Averaged among herbivore types, the indirect effects of the invasive lineage on the native lineage was 57% higher than the reverse situation, suggesting that apparent competition was asymmetric. We also found that the strength of apparent competition acting against the native lineage was comparable to the benefits to the invasive lineage from enemy release (i.e., proportionately lower mean herbivory of the invasive relative to the native taxa). Finally, we found the first evidence that the strength of apparent competition acting against the native lineage (from stem-feeders only) decreased with increasing latitude. These results suggest that not only could apparent competition be of tantamount importance to enemy release in enhancing the establishment and spread of invasive taxa, but also that these indirect and direct herbivore effects could vary over the invasion range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh P Bhattarai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
| | - Laura A Meyerson
- Department of Natural Resources Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 1 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881, USA
| | - James T Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
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83
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Menzel A, Hempel S, Klotz S, Moora M, Pyšek P, Rillig MC, Zobel M, Kühn I. Mycorrhizal status helps explain invasion success of alien plant species. Ecology 2016; 98:92-102. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Menzel
- Department of Community Ecology; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ; Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Stefan Hempel
- Institute of Biology; Dahlem Center for Plant Sciences; Freie Universität Berlin; Altensteinstraße 6 14195 Berlin Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB); 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Stefan Klotz
- Department of Community Ecology; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ; Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Mari Moora
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences; University of Tartu; 40 Lai Street Tartu 51005 Estonia
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology; Institute of Botany; The Czech Academy of Sciences; CZ-252 43 Průhonice Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Science; Charles University; Viničná 7 CZ-128 44 Prague 2 Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology; Centre for Invasion Biology; Stellenbosch University; Matieland 7602 South Africa
| | - Matthias C. Rillig
- Institute of Biology; Dahlem Center for Plant Sciences; Freie Universität Berlin; Altensteinstraße 6 14195 Berlin Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB); 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Martin Zobel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences; University of Tartu; 40 Lai Street Tartu 51005 Estonia
| | - Ingolf Kühn
- Department of Community Ecology; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ; Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden; Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg; Am Kirchtor 1 06108 Halle Germany
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84
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Brown LM, Breed GA, Severns PM, Crone EE. Losing a battle but winning the war: moving past preference–performance to understand native herbivore–novel host plant interactions. Oecologia 2016; 183:441-453. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3787-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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85
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Bhattarai GP, Meyerson LA, Anderson J, Cummings D, Allen WJ, Cronin JT. Biogeography of a plant invasion: genetic variation and plasticity in latitudinal clines for traits related to herbivory. ECOL MONOGR 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh P. Bhattarai
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA
| | - Laura A. Meyerson
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences University of Rhode Island 1 Greenhouse Road Kingston Rhode Island 02881 USA
| | - Jack Anderson
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences University of Rhode Island 1 Greenhouse Road Kingston Rhode Island 02881 USA
| | - David Cummings
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences University of Rhode Island 1 Greenhouse Road Kingston Rhode Island 02881 USA
| | - Warwick J. Allen
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA
| | - James T. Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA
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86
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Novel multitrophic interactions among an exotic, generalist herbivore, its host plants and resident enemies in California. Oecologia 2016; 182:1117-1128. [PMID: 27651227 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3722-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
What happens when an exotic herbivore invades and encounters novel host plants and enemies? Here, we investigate the impacts of host plant quality and plant architecture on an exotic generalist herbivore, Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and its interactions with resident parasitoids in California. Using artificial diet and five plant species, we found significant effects of diet on the fitness of E. postvittana under laboratory conditions. In the field, based on a common garden experiment with host plants of nine species, we found that larval parasitism varied among plant species by a factor of 2.1 with a higher risk of parasitism on shorter than taller plants. Parasitism of egg masses varied by a factor of 4.7 among plant species with a higher risk of parasitism on taller than shorter plants. In the laboratory, the foraging time of a resident egg parasitoid on excised leaves varied among plant species, but did not correspond to observed egg parasitism rates on these same plants in the field. On leaves of Plantago lanceolata, the probability of egg parasitism decreased with trichome density. Overall, there was a significant effect of host plant on the intrinsic rate of increase of E. postvittana and on the extent of parasitism by resident parasitoids, but no correlation existed between these two effects. The recent decline of E. postvittana in California may be due to the low quality of some host plants and to the many resident enemies that readily attack it, perhaps due to its phylogenetic relatedness to resident tortricids.
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87
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Host range expansion is density dependent. Oecologia 2016; 182:779-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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88
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Differences in interactions of aboveground and belowground herbivores on the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides and native host A. sessilis. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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89
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The extended phenology of Spartina invasion alters a native herbivorous insect’s abundance and diet in a Chinese salt marsh. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-015-0981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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90
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Montesinos D, Castro S, Rodríguez-Echeverría S. Two invasive acacia species secure generalist pollinators in invaded communities. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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91
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Using a botanical garden to assess factors influencing the colonization of exotic woody plants by phyllophagous insects. Oecologia 2016; 182:243-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3645-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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92
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Lakatos KT, László Z, Tóthmérész B. Resource dependence in a new ecosystem: A host plant and its colonizing community. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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93
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Huang W, Ding J. Effects of generalist herbivory on resistance and resource allocation by the invasive plant, Phytolacca americana. INSECT SCIENCE 2016; 23:191-199. [PMID: 26097089 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Successful invasions by exotic plants are often attributed to a loss of co-evolved specialists and a re-allocation of resources from defense to growth and reproduction. However, invasive plants are rarely completely released from insect herbivory because they are frequently attacked by generalists in their introduced ranges. The novel generalist community may also affect the invasive plant's defensive strategies and resource allocation. Here, we tested this hypothesis using American pokeweed (Phytolacca americana L.), a species that has become invasive in China, which is native to North America. We examined resistance, tolerance, growth and reproduction of plant populations from both China and the USA when plants were exposed to natural generalist herbivores in China. We found that leaf damage was greater for invasive populations than for native populations, indicating that plants from invasive ranges had lower resistance to herbivory than those from native ranges. A regression of the percentage of leaf damage against mass showed that there was no significant difference in tolerance between invasive and native populations, even though the shoot, root, fruit and total mass were larger for invasive populations than for native populations. These results suggest that generalist herbivores are important drivers mediating the defensive strategies and resource allocation of the invasive American pokeweed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianqing Ding
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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94
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Kaser JM, Ode PJ. Hidden risks and benefits of natural enemy-mediated indirect effects. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2016; 14:105-111. [PMID: 27436655 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyphagous natural enemies can mediate a variety of indirect interactions between resource populations. Such indirect interactions are often reciprocally negative (i.e. apparent competition), but the sign of effects between resource populations can be any combination of positive (+), negative (-), or neutral (0). In this article we focus on parasitoids to illustrate the importance of natural enemy-mediated indirect interactions in predicting risk and efficacy in biological control. We review recent findings to illustrate how an improved understanding of parasitoid behavioral ecology may increase model accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe M Kaser
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| | - Paul J Ode
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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95
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96
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Hamerlinck G, Lemoine NP, Hood GR, Abbott KC, Forbes AA. Meek mothers with powerful daughters: effects of novel host environments and small trait differences on parasitoid competition. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.02701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Hamerlinck
- Dept of Biology, 430 Biology Building; Univ. of Iowa; Iowa City IA 52242 USA
| | - Nathan P. Lemoine
- Dept of Biological Sciences; Florida International University; Miami FL 33199 USA
- Dept of Biology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80525 USA
| | - Glen R. Hood
- Dept of Biological Sciences; Univ. of Notre Dame; South Bend IN 46556 USA
| | - Karen C. Abbott
- Dept of Biology; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Andrew A. Forbes
- Dept of Biology, 430 Biology Building; Univ. of Iowa; Iowa City IA 52242 USA
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97
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Herron-Sweet CR, Lehnhoff EA, Burkle LA, Littlefield JL, Mangold JM. Temporal- and density-dependent impacts of an invasive plant on pollinators and pollination services to a native plant. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christina R. Herron-Sweet
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences; Montana State University; 334 Leon Johnson Hall Bozeman Montana 59717 USA
| | - Erik A. Lehnhoff
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences; Montana State University; 334 Leon Johnson Hall Bozeman Montana 59717 USA
| | - Laura A. Burkle
- Department of Ecology; Montana State University; 310 Lewis Hall Bozeman Montana 59717 USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Littlefield
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences; Montana State University; 334 Leon Johnson Hall Bozeman Montana 59717 USA
| | - Jane M. Mangold
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences; Montana State University; 334 Leon Johnson Hall Bozeman Montana 59717 USA
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98
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Schirmel J, Bundschuh M, Entling MH, Kowarik I, Buchholz S. Impacts of invasive plants on resident animals across ecosystems, taxa, and feeding types: a global assessment. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:594-603. [PMID: 26390918 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
As drivers of global change, biological invasions have fundamental ecological consequences. However, it remains unclear how invasive plant effects on resident animals vary across ecosystems, animal classes, and functional groups. We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis covering 198 field and laboratory studies reporting a total of 3624 observations of invasive plant effects on animals. Invasive plants had reducing (56%) or neutral (44%) effects on animal abundance, diversity, fitness, and ecosystem function across different ecosystems, animal classes, and feeding types while we could not find any increasing effect. Most importantly, we found that invasive plants reduced overall animal abundance, diversity and fitness. However, this significant overall effect was contingent on ecosystems, taxa, and feeding types of animals. Decreasing effects of invasive plants were most evident in riparian ecosystems, possibly because frequent disturbance facilitates more intense plant invasions compared to other ecosystem types. In accordance with their immediate reliance on plants for food, invasive plant effects were strongest on herbivores. Regarding taxonomic groups, birds and insects were most strongly affected. In insects, this may be explained by their high frequency of herbivory, while birds demonstrate that invasive plant effects can also cascade up to secondary consumers. Since data on impacts of invasive plants are rather limited for many animal groups in most ecosystems, we argue for overcoming gaps in knowledge and for a more differentiated discussion on effects of invasive plant on native fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Schirmel
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin H Entling
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Ingo Kowarik
- Department of Ecology, Chair of Plant Ecology and Ecosystem Science, TU Berlin, Rothenburgstraße 12, 12165, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Buchholz
- Department of Ecology, Chair of Plant Ecology and Ecosystem Science, TU Berlin, Rothenburgstraße 12, 12165, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195, Berlin, Germany
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99
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Yoon S, Read Q. Consequences of exotic host use: impacts on Lepidoptera and a test of the ecological trap hypothesis. Oecologia 2016; 181:985-96. [PMID: 26820566 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3560-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Investigating the effects of invasive species on native biodiversity is one of the most pressing challenges in ecology. Our goal in this study was to quantify the effects of invasive plants on butterfly and moth communities. In addition, we sought to elucidate the fitness consequences of non-native hosts on lepidopterans. We conducted a meta-analysis on a total of 76 studies which provided data on larval performance, survival, oviposition preference, abundance, and species richness of Lepidoptera on native and exotic plants. Overwhelmingly, we found that performance and survival were reduced for larvae developing on exotic hosts, relative to native hosts. At the community level, alien plant invasion was associated with a reduction in the overall abundance and richness of lepidopteran communities. We found that lepidopterans did not show strong oviposition preference for native hosts. This result suggests that many invasive plant species may decrease lepidopteran abundance by providing a target for oviposition where larvae have a relatively poor chance of survival. Among studies that tested both survival and preference on exotic hosts, 37.5 % found evidence for novel hosts that could function as ecological traps (the figure was 18 % when considering studies that only assayed larval performance). Thus, although the majority of novel hosts included in our analyses are not likely to act as ecological traps, the potential clearly exists for this effect, and the role of ecological traps should be considered along with other aspects of global change impacting natural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su'ad Yoon
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89512, USA. .,, PO Box 9343, Reno, NV, 89507, USA.
| | - Quentin Read
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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100
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Scherber C. Insect responses to interacting global change drivers in managed ecosystems. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2015; 11:56-62. [PMID: 28285759 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Insects are facing an increasingly stressful combination of global change drivers such as habitat fragmentation, agricultural intensification, pollution, or climatic changes. While single-factor studies have yielded considerable insights, multi-factor manipulations have gained momentum recently. Nevertheless, most work to date has remained within particular domains of research, such as 'habitat destruction' or 'climate change', and linkages among subdisciplines within the ecological literature have remained scarce. Here, I provide an overview of the most recent developments in the field, with a focus on main functional groups of insects, but also their interactions with other organisms. All major global change drivers (landscape modification, climate change, agricultural management) are covered both singly and in interaction. The manuscript concludes with concepts on how to statistically and conceptually deal with interactions in experimental and observational work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Scherber
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Science, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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