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Cancer evolution: special focus on the immune aspect of cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:420-435. [PMID: 35589072 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is an evolutionary disease. Intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH), which describes the diversity within individual tumors, sets the foundation for evolution. The fitness of tumor cells is determined by their microenvironment, which exerts intense selection pressure that generally favors cells with survival and proliferation advantages. It has been revealed that host immunity dramatically influences the evolutionary trajectory of cancer. As technologies advance, a refined map of the immune system's involvement in cancer evolution has gradually come to our knowledge. Here we specifically view cancer through the lens of evolutionary immunological biology. We will cover the neoplastic evolution under immunosurveillance, including how the host immunity shapes the tumor evolutionary trajectory and how progressive tumors modulate the host immunity to survive. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between cancer evolution and cancer immunity provides clues to combating cancer strategically.
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Carroll HK, Duffy AG, O'Farrelly C. Liver Immunology, Immunotherapy, and Liver Cancers: Time for a Rethink? Semin Liver Dis 2022; 42:212-224. [PMID: 35263795 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1744143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The complex immune system of the liver has a major role in tumor surveillance, but also partly explains why current immune therapies are poorly effective against liver cancers. Known primarily for its tolerogenic capacity, the hepatic immune repertoire also comprises diverse populations of armored immune cells with tumor surveillant roles. In healthy people, these work together to successfully identify malignant cells and prevent their proliferation, thus halting tumor formation. When frontline hepatic immune surveillance systems fail, compromised hepatic immunity, driven by obesity, infection, or other pathological factors, allows primary or secondary liver cancers to develop. Tumor growth promotes the normal tolerogenic immunological milieu of the liver, perhaps explaining why current immunotherapies fail to work. This review explores the complex local liver immune system with the hope of identifying potential therapeutic targets needed to best overcome immunological barriers in the liver to create an environment no longer hostile to immunotherapy for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey K Carroll
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Mater Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Austin G Duffy
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Mater Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cliona O'Farrelly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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Cairat M, Rinaldi S, Navionis AS, Romieu I, Biessy C, Viallon V, Olsen A, Tjønneland A, Fournier A, Severi G, Kvaskoff M, Fortner RT, Kaaks R, Aleksandrova K, Schulze MB, Masala G, Tumino R, Sieri S, Grasso C, Mattiello A, Gram IT, Olsen KS, Agudo A, Etxezarreta PA, Sánchez MJ, Santiuste C, Barricarte A, Monninkhof E, Hiensch AE, Muller D, Merritt MA, Travis RC, Weiderpass E, Gunter MJ, Dossus L. Circulating inflammatory biomarkers, adipokines and breast cancer risk-a case-control study nested within the EPIC cohort. BMC Med 2022; 20:118. [PMID: 35430795 PMCID: PMC9014562 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02319-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation has been hypothesized to play a role in the development and progression of breast cancer and might differently impact breast cancer risk among pre and postmenopausal women. We performed a nested case-control study to examine whether pre-diagnostic circulating concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, c-reactive protein (CRP), tumour necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ and 6 interleukins were associated with breast cancer risk, overall and by menopausal status. METHODS Pre-diagnostic levels of inflammatory biomarkers were measured in plasma from 1558 case-control pairs from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of breast cancer at blood collection, per one standard deviation increase in biomarker concentration. RESULTS Cases were diagnosed at a mean age of 61.4 years on average 8.6 years after blood collection. No statistically significant association was observed between inflammatory markers and breast cancer risk overall. In premenopausal women, borderline significant inverse associations were observed for leptin, leptin-to-adiponectin ratio and CRP [OR= 0.89 (0.77-1.03), OR= 0.88 (0.76-1.01) and OR= 0.87 (0.75-1.01), respectively] while positive associations were observed among postmenopausal women [OR= 1.16 (1.05-1.29), OR= 1.11 (1.01-1.23), OR= 1.10 (0.99-1.22), respectively]. Adjustment for BMI strengthened the estimates in premenopausal women [leptin: OR = 0.83 (0.68-1.00), leptin-to-adiponectin ratio: OR = 0.80 (0.66-0.97), CRP: OR = 0.85 (0.72-1.00)] but attenuated the estimates in postmenopausal women [leptin: OR = 1.09 (0.96-1.24), leptin-to-adiponectin ratio: OR = 1.02 (0.89-1.16), CRP: OR = 1.04 (0.92-1.16)]. CONCLUSIONS Associations between CRP, leptin and leptin-to-adiponectin ratio with breast cancer risk may represent the dual effect of obesity by menopausal status although this deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Cairat
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon, CEDEX 08, France
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon, CEDEX 08, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Navionis
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon, CEDEX 08, France
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- National Institute of Public Health, Centre for Population Health Research, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carine Biessy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon, CEDEX 08, France
| | - Vivian Viallon
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon, CEDEX 08, France
| | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Agnès Fournier
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Équipe "Exposome Et Hérédité", CESP UMR1018, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Équipe "Exposome Et Hérédité", CESP UMR1018, 94805, Villejuif, France
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications (DISIA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marina Kvaskoff
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Équipe "Exposome Et Hérédité", CESP UMR1018, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Renée T Fortner
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DFKZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DFKZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Department Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network - ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Hyblean Association for Epidemiological Research AIRE -ONLUS, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori Di Milano, Via Venezian, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Grasso
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Amalia Mattiello
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Inger T Gram
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Karina Standahl Olsen
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Nutrition and Cancer Group; Epidemiology, Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Palliative Care Program; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano Etxezarreta
- Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Epidemiology of Chronic and Communicable Diseases Group, San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red De Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Sánchez
- Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red De Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Escuela Andaluza De Salud Pública (EASP), Granada, Spain
- Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Santiuste
- Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red De Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Aurelio Barricarte
- Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red De Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Evelyn Monninkhof
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk E Hiensch
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David Muller
- Department Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Melissa A Merritt
- Department Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Cancer Epidemiology Program, 701 Ilalo St., Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 0NR, UK
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon, CEDEX 08, France
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon, CEDEX 08, France
| | - Laure Dossus
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon, CEDEX 08, France.
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Lei T, Chang Y, Zhang L, Zhang M. The Effect of Chronic Rhinosinusitis on the Staging and Prognosis of Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:878559. [PMID: 35449572 PMCID: PMC9016184 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.878559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically, extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) patients frequently had a history of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) before onset, and the correlation between the two diseases has not been systematically reported at present. In this study, we applied the method-retrospective analysis-to explore the relationship between CRS and ENKTL. We collected clinical data and the length of CRS history before onset in 214 patients diagnosed with ENKTL and found that the length of CRS history was correlated with the stage of 182 ENKTL patients whose primary sites were upper aerodigestive tract (UAT) (χ 2 = 21.317, p = 0.046, n = 182); the Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.162 (p = 0.029). There was no significant difference in stage of the non-UAT-ENKTL patients (χ 2 = 18.910, p = 0.091, n = 32). The COX multivariate regression analysis showed that CRS history was an independent prognostic predictor for PFS of the UAT-ENKTL patients (p = 0.004), and patients without CRS had significantly better PFS than the more than 15 years CRS history group (p = 0.001). Our findings suggested that we should not ignore the existence of chronic inflammation of the nasal cavity in ENKTL patients. It is better to treat CRS as soon as possible in clinical practice to reduce the possibility of the occurrence or progression of UAT-ENKTL.
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Jo WS, Kim SD, Jeong SK, Oh SJ, ParK MT, Lee CG, Kang YR, Jeong MH. Resveratrol analogue, HS-1793, inhibits inflammatory mediator release from macrophages by interfering with the TLR4 mediated NF-κB activation. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:433-441. [PMID: 35464242 PMCID: PMC8994813 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is known to have anti-inflammatory properties. However, high-dose resveratrol is required for optimal anti-inflammatory effects. HS-1793 is a derivative designed to be metabolically stable and more effective than resveratrol. We tested whether HS-1793 also has anti-inflammatory activity. HS-1793 effectively inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in macrophages. Therefore, the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was significantly attenuated. In addition, HS-1793 completely suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines enhanced by LPS treatment along with a decrease in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression. At the same time, the expression of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) signaling molecules and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/p65 were also downregulated. We conclusively suggest that HS-1793 also exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by effectively inhibiting TLR4-mediated NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wol Soon Jo
- grid.464567.20000 0004 0492 2010Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Jwadong-gil 40, Jangan-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46033 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Dae Kim
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Jeong
- grid.464567.20000 0004 0492 2010Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Jwadong-gil 40, Jangan-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46033 Republic of Korea
- grid.255166.30000 0001 2218 7142Department of Microbiology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Daeshingongwon-gil 32, Seo-gu, Busan, 49236 Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jung Oh
- grid.464567.20000 0004 0492 2010Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Jwadong-gil 40, Jangan-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46033 Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Taek ParK
- grid.464567.20000 0004 0492 2010Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Jwadong-gil 40, Jangan-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46033 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Geun Lee
- grid.464567.20000 0004 0492 2010Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Jwadong-gil 40, Jangan-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46033 Republic of Korea
| | - Young- Rok Kang
- grid.464567.20000 0004 0492 2010Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Jwadong-gil 40, Jangan-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46033 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Jeong
- grid.255166.30000 0001 2218 7142Department of Microbiology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Daeshingongwon-gil 32, Seo-gu, Busan, 49236 Republic of Korea
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The Impact of Obesity, Adipose Tissue, and Tumor Microenvironment on Macrophage Polarization and Metastasis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020339. [PMID: 35205204 PMCID: PMC8869089 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The inflammatory adipose microenvironment in obesity plays a crucial role in cancer development and metastases. By focusing on adipocytes and macrophages, as well as the extracellular matrix, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that link inflammation, obesity, and cancer will be addressed by this review. After describing the tumor microenvironment and extracellular matrix, the influence of M1, M2, and tumor-associated macrophages will be explored through their origin, classification, polarization, and regulatory networks, including their potential role in angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and immunosuppression, with a specific focus on the roles of adipocytes in this process. Abstract Tumor metastasis is a major cause of death in cancer patients. It involves not only the intrinsic alterations within tumor cells, but also crosstalk between these cells and components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumorigenesis is a complex and dynamic process, involving the following three main stages: initiation, progression, and metastasis. The transition between these stages depends on the changes within the extracellular matrix (ECM), in which tumor and stromal cells reside. This matrix, under the effect of growth factors, cytokines, and adipokines, can be morphologically altered, degraded, or reorganized. Many cancers evolve to form an immunosuppressive TME locally and create a pre-metastatic niche in other tissue sites. TME and pre-metastatic niches include myofibroblasts, immuno-inflammatory cells (macrophages), adipocytes, blood, and lymphatic vascular networks. Several studies have highlighted the adipocyte-macrophage interaction as a key driver of cancer progression and dissemination. The following two main classes of macrophages are distinguished: M1 (pro-inflammatory/anti-tumor) and M2 (anti-inflammatory/pro-tumor). These cells exhibit distinct microenvironment-dependent phenotypes that can promote or inhibit metastasis. On the other hand, obesity in cancer patients has been linked to a poor prognosis. In this regard, tumor-associated adipocytes modulate TME through the secretion of inflammatory mediators, which modulate and recruit tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). Hereby, this review describes the cellular and molecular mechanisms that link inflammation, obesity, and cancer. It provides a comprehensive overview of adipocytes and macrophages in the ECM as they control cancer initiation, progression, and invasion. In addition, it addresses the mechanisms of tumor anchoring and recruitment for M1, M2, and TAM macrophages, specifically highlighting their origin, classification, polarization, and regulatory networks, as well as their roles in the regulation of angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and immunosuppression, specifically highlighting the role of adipocytes in this process.
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Singh SK, Singh R. Cytokines and Chemokines in Cancer Cachexia and Its Long-Term Impact on COVID-19. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030579. [PMID: 35159388 PMCID: PMC8834385 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia remains a serious public health concern worldwide, particularly as cancer rates rise. Treatment is endangered, and survival is reduced, because this illness is commonly misdiagnosed and undertreated. Although weight loss is the most evident sign of cachexia, there are other early metabolic and inflammatory changes that occur before the most obvious symptoms appear. Cachexia-related inflammation is induced by a combination of factors, one of which is the release of inflammation-promoting chemicals by the tumor. Today, more scientists are beginning to believe that the development of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) related cachexia is similar to cancer-related cachexia. It is worth noting that patients infected with COVID-19 have a significant inflammatory response and can develop cachexia. These correlations provide feasible reasons for the variance in the occurrence and severity of cachexia in human malignancies, therefore, specific therapeutic options for these individuals must be addressed based on disease types. In this review, we highlighted the role of key chemokines, cytokines, and clinical management in relation to cancer cachexia and its long-term impact on COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA;
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA;
- Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-404-756-6661; Fax: +1-404-752-1179
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Olesch C, Brüne B, Weigert A. Keep a Little Fire Burning-The Delicate Balance of Targeting Sphingosine-1-Phosphate in Cancer Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031289. [PMID: 35163211 PMCID: PMC8836181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) promotes tumor development through a variety of mechanisms including promoting proliferation, survival, and migration of cancer cells. Moreover, S1P emerged as an important regulator of tumor microenvironmental cell function by modulating, among other mechanisms, tumor angiogenesis. Therefore, S1P was proposed as a target for anti-tumor therapy. The clinical success of current cancer immunotherapy suggests that future anti-tumor therapy needs to consider its impact on the tumor-associated immune system. Hereby, S1P may have divergent effects. On the one hand, S1P gradients control leukocyte trafficking throughout the body, which is clinically exploited to suppress auto-immune reactions. On the other hand, S1P promotes pro-tumor activation of a diverse range of immune cells. In this review, we summarize the current literature describing the role of S1P in tumor-associated immunity, and we discuss strategies for how to target S1P for anti-tumor therapy without causing immune paralysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Olesch
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (C.O.); (B.B.)
- Bayer Joint Immunotherapeutics Laboratory, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (C.O.); (B.B.)
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (C.O.); (B.B.)
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Fu J, Yu M, Xu W, Yu S. Research Progress of Bile Acids in Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 11:778258. [PMID: 35127481 PMCID: PMC8810494 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.778258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) were originally known as detergents to facilitate the digestion and absorption of lipids. And our current knowledge of BAs has been extended to potential carcinogenic or cancer suppressor factors due to constant research. In fact, BAs were regarded as a tumor promoters as early as the 1940s. Differential bile acid signals emitted by various bile acid profiles can produce distinct pathophysiological traits, thereby participating in the occurrence and development of tumors. Nevertheless, in recent years, more and more studies have noticed the value of BAs as therapeutic targets. And several studies have applied BAs as a therapeutic agent for various diseases including cancer. Based on the above evidence, we acknowledge that the role of BAs in cancer has yet to be exploited, although considerable efforts have been made to probe the functions of BAs. In this review, we describe the characteristics of BAs as a double-edged sword in cancer, hoping to provide references for future cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Fu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Wenxia Xu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Shian Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
- *Correspondence: Shian Yu,
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MacCuaig WM, Thomas A, Carlos-Sorto JC, Gomez-Gutierrez JG, Alexander AC, Wellberg EA, Grizzle WE, McNally LR. Differential expression of microRNA between triple negative breast cancer patients of African American and European American descent. Biotech Histochem 2022; 97:1-10. [PMID: 34979848 PMCID: PMC9047185 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2021.2005147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There are racial disparities in the outcome of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients between women of African ancestry and women of European ancestry, even after accounting for lifestyle, socioeconomic and clinical factors. MicroRNA (miRNA) are non-coding molecules whose level of expression is associated with cancer suppression, proliferation and drug resistance; therefore, these have potential for biomarker applications in cancers including TNBC. Historically, miRNAs up-regulated in African American (AA) patients have received less attention than for patients of European ancestry. Using laser capture microdissection (LCM) to acquire ultrapure tumor cell samples, miRNA expression was evaluated in 15 AA and 15 European American (EA) TNBC patients. Tumor sections were evaluated using RNA extraction followed by miRNA analysis and profiling. Results were compared based on ethnicity and method of tissue fixation. miRNAs that showed high differential expression in AA TNBC patients compared to EA included: miR-19a, miR-192, miR-302a, miR-302b, miR-302c, miR-335, miR-520b, miR-520f and miR-645. LCM is a useful technique for isolation of tumor cells. We found a greater abundance of RNA in frozen samples compared to formalin fixed, paraffin embedded samples. miRNA appears to be a useful biomarker for TNBC to improve diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M. MacCuaig
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Alexandra Thomas
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Juan C. Carlos-Sorto
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | | | - Adam C. Alexander
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Elizabeth A. Wellberg
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - William E. Grizzle
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lacey R. McNally
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Abstract
Two decades of research have established that Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling plays a critical role in reprogramming the fat cell transcriptome towards inflammation in response to overnutrition and metabolic stress. Several groups have suggested that inhibition of NF-κB signaling could have metabolic benefits for obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation. However, two significant problems arise with this approach. The first is how to deliver general NF-κB inhibitors into adipocytes without allowing these compounds to disrupt normal functioning in cells of the immune system. The second issue is that general inhibition of canonical NF-κB signaling in adipocytes will likely lead to a massive increase in adipocyte apoptosis under conditions of metabolic stress, leading full circle into a secondary inflammation (However, this problem may not be true for non-canonical NF-κB signaling.). This review will focus on the research that has examined canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signaling in adipocytes, focusing on genetic studies that examine loss-of-function of NF-κB specifically in fat cells. Although the development of general inhibitors of canonical NF-κB signaling seems unlikely to succeed in alleviating adipose tissue inflammation in humans, the door remains open for more targeted therapeutics. In principle, these would include compounds that interrogate NF-κB DNA binding, protein-protein interactions, or post-translational modifications that partition NF-κB activity towards some genes and away from others in adipocytes. I also discuss the possibility for inhibitors of non-canonical NF-κB signaling to realize success in mitigating fat cell dysfunction in obesity. To plant the seeds for such approaches, much biochemical “digging” in adipocytes remains; this includes identifying—in an unbiased manner–NF-κB direct and indirect targets, genomic DNA binding sites for all five NF-κB subunits, NF-κB protein-protein interactions, and post-translational modifications of NF-κB in fat cells.
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The Complex Network between Inflammation and Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246237. [PMID: 34944856 PMCID: PMC8699209 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer is one of the most diffuse malignant pathologies, and many factors are involved in its genesis. Among these factors, inflammation plays an important role. Many molecules are involved in inflammation processes and are linked in different pathways, either in the sense of pro-tumorigenesis or anti-tumorigenic action. This review was conducted with the aim to review in a single paper the majority of actual knowledge in the literature and to comprehend inflammation patterns for better clinical and surgical management of patients. Abstract Background: colorectal cancer (CRC) has a multifactorial etiology which comprises microbiota, genetic predisposition, diet, environmental factors, and last but not least, a substantial contribution by inflammation. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the literature regarding the strong link between inflammation and colorectal cancer. Methods: A systematic review of the literature on PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Cochrane and EMBase databases was performed, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Each paper was reviewed by two groups of researchers in a single-blind format by using a pre-planned Microsoft© Excel® grid. Results: Using automated research filters, 14,566 studies were included, but 1% was found significant by the reviewers. Seventy pathways of inflammation were described in the sequence of inflammation-carcinogenesis, and anti-tumorigenic molecules were also found. Conclusion: several studies suggest a strong role of inflammation in the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer through different pathways: this may have a diagnostic and clinical role and also therapeutic purpose in preventing carcinogenesis by treating inflammation. In vitro tests support this theory, even if many other clinical trials are necessary. The present paper was registered in the OpenScience Framework registry (Identifier: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/2KG7T).
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Han T, Hu X, Li K, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Li J. Bifidobacterium infantis Maintains Genome Stability in Ulcerative Colitis via Regulating Anaphase-Promoting Complex Subunit 7. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:761113. [PMID: 34795654 PMCID: PMC8593188 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.761113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics represents a promising intestinal microbiota-targeted therapeutic method for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Several lines of evidence implicate that Bifidobacterium infantis serves as a probiotic strain with proven efficacy in maintaining the remission of UC. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of B. infantis on UC progression have yet to be elucidated. Herein, we provide evidence that B. infantis acts as a key predisposing factor for the maintenance of host genome stability. First, we showed that the fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) of UC-derived feces contributes to more severely DNA damage in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mice likely due to mucosa-associated microbiota alterations, as reflected by the rapid appearance of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), a typical marker of genome instability. Genomic DNA damage analysis of colon tissues derived from healthy controls, patients with UC or dysplasia, and colitis associated cancer (CAC) patients, revealed an enhanced level of DSBs with aggravation in the degree of the intestinal mucosal lesions. To evaluate whether B. infantis modulates the host genome stability, we employed the DSS-induced colitis model and a TNFα-induced intestinal epithelial cell model. Following the administration of C57BL/6 mice with B. infantis via oral gavage, we found that the development of DSS-induced colitis in mice was significantly alleviated, in contrast to the colitis model group. Notably, B. infantis administration decreased DSB levels in both DSS-induced colitis and TNF-treated colonial cell model. Accordingly, our bioinformatic and functional studies demonstrated that B. infantis altered signal pathways involved in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, transcriptional misregulation in cancer, and the bacterial invasion of epithelial cells. Mechanistically, B. infantis upregulated anaphase-promoting complex subunit 7 (APC7), which was significantly suppressed in colitis condition, to activate the DNA repair pathway and alter the genome stability, while downregulation of APC7 abolished the efficiency of B. infantis treatment to induce a decrease in the level of DSBs in TNFα-induced colonial cells. Collectively, our results support that B. infantis orchestrates a molecular network involving in APC7 and genome stability, to control UC development at the clinical, biological, and mechanistic levels. Supplying B. infantis and targeting its associated pathway will yield valuable insight into the clinical management of UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota Translational Medicine Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota Translational Medicine Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kemin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota Translational Medicine Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota Translational Medicine Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jingnan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota Translational Medicine Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wan X, Song M, Wang A, Zhao Y, Wei Z, Lu Y. Microbiome Crosstalk in Immunotherapy and Antiangiogenesis Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:747914. [PMID: 34745119 PMCID: PMC8566949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.747914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body and its microbiome constitute a highly delicate system. The gut microbiome participates in the absorption of the host's nutrients and metabolism, maintains the microcirculation, and modulates the immune response. Increasing evidence shows that gut microbiome dysbiosis in the body not only affects the occurrence and development of tumors but also tumor prognosis and treatment. Microbiome have been implicated in tumor control in patients undergoing anti- angiogenesis therapy and immunotherapy. In cases with unsatisfactory responses to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy, appropriate adjustment of microbes abundance is considered to enhance the treatment response. Here, we review the current research progress in cancer immunotherapy and anti- angiogenesis therapy, as well as the unlimited potential of their combination, especially focusing on how the interaction between intestinal microbiota and the immune system affects cancer pathogenesis and treatment. In addition, we discuss the effects of microbiota on anti-cancer immune response and anti- angiogenesis therapy, and the potential value of these interactions in promoting further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Wan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengyao Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhonghong Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Shi D, Jiang P. A Different Facet of p53 Function: Regulation of Immunity and Inflammation During Tumor Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:762651. [PMID: 34733856 PMCID: PMC8558413 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.762651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a key transcription factor, the evolutionarily conserved tumor suppressor p53 (encoded by TP53) plays a central role in response to various cellular stresses. A variety of biological processes are regulated by p53 such as cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence and metabolism. Besides these well-known roles of p53, accumulating evidence show that p53 also regulates innate immune and adaptive immune responses. p53 influences the innate immune system by secreted factors that modulate macrophage function to suppress tumourigenesis. Dysfunction of p53 in cancer affects the activity and recruitment of T and myeloid cells, resulting in immune evasion. p53 can also activate key regulators in immune signaling pathways which support or impede tumor development. Hence, it seems that the tumor suppressor p53 exerts its tumor suppressive effect to a considerable extent by modulating the immune response. In this review, we concisely discuss the emerging connections between p53 and immune responses, and their impact on tumor progression. Understanding the role of p53 in regulation of immunity will help to developing more effective anti-tumor immunotherapies for patients with TP53 mutation or depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
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Sharifi-Rad J, Quispe C, Patra JK, Singh YD, Panda MK, Das G, Adetunji CO, Michael OS, Sytar O, Polito L, Živković J, Cruz-Martins N, Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Ekiert H, Choudhary MI, Ayatollahi SA, Tynybekov B, Kobarfard F, Muntean AC, Grozea I, Daştan SD, Butnariu M, Szopa A, Calina D. Paclitaxel: Application in Modern Oncology and Nanomedicine-Based Cancer Therapy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3687700. [PMID: 34707776 PMCID: PMC8545549 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3687700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a broad-spectrum anticancer compound, which was derived mainly from a medicinal plant, in particular, from the bark of the yew tree Taxus brevifolia Nutt. It is a representative of a class of diterpene taxanes, which are nowadays used as the most common chemotherapeutic agent against many forms of cancer. It possesses scientifically proven anticancer activity against, e.g., ovarian, lung, and breast cancers. The application of this compound is difficult because of limited solubility, recrystalization upon dilution, and cosolvent-induced toxicity. In these cases, nanotechnology and nanoparticles provide certain advantages such as increased drug half-life, lowered toxicity, and specific and selective delivery over free drugs. Nanodrugs possess the capability to buildup in the tissue which might be linked to enhanced permeability and retention as well as enhanced antitumour influence possessing minimal toxicity in normal tissues. This article presents information about paclitaxel, its chemical structure, formulations, mechanism of action, and toxicity. Attention is drawn on nanotechnology, the usefulness of nanoparticles containing paclitaxel, its opportunities, and also future perspective. This review article is aimed at summarizing the current state of continuous pharmaceutical development and employment of nanotechnology in the enhancement of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features of paclitaxel as a chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Avda. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University, Goyangsi, Republic of Korea
| | - Yengkhom Disco Singh
- Department of Post-Harvest Technology, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 791102 Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manasa Kumar Panda
- Environment and Sustainability Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751013 Odisha, India
| | - Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University, Goyangsi, Republic of Korea
| | - Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
- Applied Microbiology, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Edo University Iyamho, PMB 04, Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Olugbenga Samuel Michael
- Cardiometabolic Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Oksana Sytar
- Department of Plant Biology Department, Institute of Biology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra 94976, Slovakia
| | - Letizia Polito
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jelena Živković
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research “Dr. Josif Pančić”, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bekzat Tynybekov
- Department of Biodiversity of Bioresources, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ana Covilca Muntean
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Grozea
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sevgi Durna Daştan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
- Beekeeping Development Application and Research Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Monica Butnariu
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Nannini G, Meoni G, Tenori L, Ringressi MN, Taddei A, Niccolai E, Baldi S, Russo E, Luchinat C, Amedei A. Fecal metabolomic profiles: A comparative study of patients with colorectal cancer vs adenomatous polyps. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:6430-6441. [PMID: 34720532 PMCID: PMC8517777 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i38.6430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common cause of death in both males and females worldwide, shows a positive response to therapy and usually a better prognosis when detected at an early stage. However, the survival rate declines when the diagnosis is late and the tumor spreads to other organs. Currently, the measures widely used in the clinic are fecal occult blood test and evaluation of serum tumor markers, but the lack of sensitivity and specificity of these markers restricts their use for CRC diagnosis. Due to its high sensitivity and precision, colonoscopy is currently the gold-standard screening technique for CRC, but it is a costly and invasive procedure. Therefore, the implementation of custom-made methodologies including those with minimal invasiveness, protection, and reproducibility is highly desirable. With regard to other screening methods, the screening of fecal samples has several benefits, and metabolomics is a successful method to classify the metabolite shift in living systems as a reaction to pathophysiological influences, genetic modifications, and environmental factors.
AIM To characterize the variation groups and potentially recognize some diagnostic markers, we compared with healthy controls (HCs) the fecal nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomic profiles of patients with CRC or adenomatous polyposis (AP).
METHODS Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used in combination with multivariate and univariate statistical approaches, to define the fecal metabolic profiles of 32 CRC patients, 16 AP patients, and 38 HCs well matched in age, sex, and body mass index.
RESULTS NMR metabolomic analyses revealed that fecal sample profiles differed among CRC patients, AP patients, and HCs, and some discriminatory metabolites including acetate, butyrate, propionate, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, valine, tyrosine and leucine were identified.
CONCLUSION In conclusion, we are confident that our data can be a forerunner for future studies on CRC management, especially the diagnosis and evaluation of the effectiveness of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Nannini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Gaia Meoni
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Maria Novella Ringressi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Antonio Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Simone Baldi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Edda Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Department of Chemistry & Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
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68
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Wang X, Cao K, Guo E, Mao X, An C, Guo L, Zhang C, Guo J, Yang X, Sun J, Yang W, Li X, Miao S. Assessment of immune status of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma can predict prognosis and guide treatment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 71:1199-1220. [PMID: 34643766 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-03071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past few years, immunotherapy has changed the way we treat solid tumors. People pay more and more attention to the immune microenvironment of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). In this study, our immunotherapy research took advantage of the clinical database and focused our in-depth analysis on the tumor microenvironment (TME). METHODS This study evaluated the relationship between the clinical outcome and the local tissue and overall immune status in 412 patients with primary LSCC. We constructed and validated a risk model that could predict prognosis, assess immune status, identify high-risk patients, and develop personalized treatment plans through bioinformatics. In addition, through immunohistochemical analysis, we verified the differential expression of CTSL and KDM5D genes with the largest weight coefficients in the model in LSCC tissues and their influence on the prognosis and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). RESULTS We found that interstitial tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor parenchymal-infiltrating lymphocyte volume, tumor infiltrates lymphocytes of frontier invasion, and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were independent factors affecting the prognosis of patients with LSCC. A novel risk model can guide clinicians to accurately predict prognosis, identify high-risk patients, and formulate personalized treatment plans. The differential expression of genes such as CTSL and KDM5D has a significant correlation with the TILs of LSCC and the prognosis of patients. CONCLUSION Local and systemic inflammatory markers in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma are reliable prognostic factors. The risk model and CTSL, KDM5D gene have important potential research value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Kui Cao
- Department of Laboratory, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Erliang Guo
- Department of Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xionghui Mao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Changming An
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese National Cancer Center &, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lunhua Guo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Junnan Guo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xianguang Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ji Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Susheng Miao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Hsu PC, Chao TK, Chou YC, Yu MH, Wang YC, Lin YH, Lee YL, Liu LC, Chang CC. AIM2 Inflammasome in Tumor Cells as a Biomarker for Predicting the Treatment Response to Antiangiogenic Therapy in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Patients. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194529. [PMID: 34640548 PMCID: PMC8509490 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiangiogenic therapy, such as bevacizumab (BEV), has improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in high-risk patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) according to several clinical trials. Clinically, no reliable molecular biomarker is available to predict the treatment response to antiangiogenic therapy. Immune-related proteins can indirectly contribute to angiogenesis by regulating stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. This study was performed to search biomarkers for prediction of the BEV treatment response in EOC patients. We conducted a hospital-based retrospective study from March 2013 to May 2020. Tissues from 78 Taiwanese patients who were newly diagnosed with EOC and peritoneal serous papillary carcinoma (PSPC) and received BEV therapy were collected. We used immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and analyzed the expression of these putative biomarkers (complement component 3 (C3), complement component 5 (C5), and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2)) based on the staining area and intensity of the color reaction to predict BEV efficacy in EOC patients. The immunostaining scores of AIM2 were significantly higher in the BEV-resistant group (RG) than in the BEV-sensitive group (SG) (355.5 vs. 297.1, p < 0.001). A high level of AIM2 (mean value > 310) conferred worse PFS after treatment with BEV than a low level of AIM2 (13.58 vs. 19.36 months, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 4.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.01–9.80, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in C3 (p = 0.077) or C5 (p = 0.326) regarding BEV efficacy. AIM2 inflammasome expression can be a histopathological biomarker to predict the antiangiogenic therapy benefit in EOC patients. The molecular mechanism requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chao Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (P.-C.H.); (M.-H.Y.); (Y.-C.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-L.L.); (L.-C.L.)
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Penghu Branch, Magong City 880, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Kuang Chao
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Mu-Hsien Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (P.-C.H.); (M.-H.Y.); (Y.-C.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-L.L.); (L.-C.L.)
| | - Yu-Chi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (P.-C.H.); (M.-H.Y.); (Y.-C.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-L.L.); (L.-C.L.)
| | - Yi-Hsin Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (P.-C.H.); (M.-H.Y.); (Y.-C.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-L.L.); (L.-C.L.)
| | - Yi-Liang Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (P.-C.H.); (M.-H.Y.); (Y.-C.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-L.L.); (L.-C.L.)
| | - Li-Chun Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (P.-C.H.); (M.-H.Y.); (Y.-C.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-L.L.); (L.-C.L.)
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, Taipei 105, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chang Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (P.-C.H.); (M.-H.Y.); (Y.-C.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-L.L.); (L.-C.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-8792-7205
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70
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Yan T, Zhu S, Shi Y, Xie C, Zhu M, Zhang Y, Wang C, Guo C. Pan-Cancer Analysis of Atrial-Fibrillation-Related Innate Immunity Gene ANXA4. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:713983. [PMID: 34540918 PMCID: PMC8446278 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.713983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common tachyarrhythmia around the world. Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. A recent study demonstrated that cancer was associated with an increased incidence of AF. In the present study, we aimed to explore possible mechanisms and potential common therapeutic targets between AF and cancer. Methods: Differentially expressed proteins between AF and sinus rhythm were identified utilizing proteomics analysis. Weighted gene correlation network analysis was applied to cluster proteins into different modules and investigate associations between modules and AF. Hub immune-related genes were selected via InnateDB database and verified using qRT-PCR. RNA sequencing and clinical data of 33 different cancer types were achieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The correlations between ANXA4 expression and the prognosis were calculated utilizing Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Spearman's rank correlation test was used to assess associations between ANXA4 and immune infiltration and DNA methylation. Enrichment analysis was performed through gene ontology and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Results:ANXA4 was identified as hub immune-related gene between AF and sinus rhythm. Expression levels of ANXA4 increased in diverse cancer types. Survival analysis suggested prognostic significance of ANXA4 expression levels in various cancer types. Immune correlation analysis indicated that ANXA4 expression levels were associated with tumor immune infiltration in most cancer types. ANXA4 might influence the efficacy of immunotherapy via tumor burden and microsatellite instability. GSEA results indicated that high ANXA4 expression groups were mainly enriched in peroxisome, bile acid biosynthesis, and p53 pathway. Conclusion:ANXA4 was identified as a hub immune-related gene in AF, which has never been reported. Pan-cancer analysis indicated its potential as a novel clinical prognostic marker and therapeutic target in diverse cancer types. ANXA4 might play crucial roles in AF and cancer, and targeted therapy for ANXA4 might reduce the incidence of AF in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shijie Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changming Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Miao Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changfa Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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71
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Goc J, Lv M, Bessman NJ, Flamar AL, Sahota S, Suzuki H, Teng F, Putzel GG, Eberl G, Withers DR, Arthur JC, Shah MA, Sonnenberg GF. Dysregulation of ILC3s unleashes progression and immunotherapy resistance in colon cancer. Cell 2021; 184:5015-5030.e16. [PMID: 34407392 PMCID: PMC8454863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) regulate immunity and inflammation, yet their role in cancer remains elusive. Here, we identify that colorectal cancer (CRC) manifests with altered ILC3s that are characterized by reduced frequencies, increased plasticity, and an imbalance with T cells. We evaluated the consequences of these changes in mice and determined that a dialog between ILC3s and T cells via major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) is necessary to support colonization with microbiota that subsequently induce type-1 immunity in the intestine and tumor microenvironment. As a result, mice lacking ILC3-specific MHCII develop invasive CRC and resistance to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Finally, humans with dysregulated intestinal ILC3s harbor microbiota that fail to induce type-1 immunity and immunotherapy responsiveness when transferred to mice. Collectively, these data define a protective role for ILC3s in cancer and indicate that their inherent disruption in CRC drives dysfunctional adaptive immunity, tumor progression, and immunotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Goc
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mengze Lv
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas J Bessman
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne-Laure Flamar
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sheena Sahota
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fei Teng
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory G Putzel
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gerard Eberl
- Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - David R Withers
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Janelle C Arthur
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Manish A Shah
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Gastrointestinal Oncology Program, Center for Advanced Digestive Care, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory F Sonnenberg
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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72
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Garcia-Dominguez M, Valadez JC, Tostado-Morales E, Guzman-Rendon JL, Perez-Gaxiola G, Venegas-Montoya E. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Following Incomplete Kawasaki Disease. J Med Cases 2021; 11:352-354. [PMID: 34434346 PMCID: PMC8383502 DOI: 10.14740/jmc3569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a multisystemic vasculitis of unknown etiology, typically affecting children younger than 5 years of age. A direct relationship between KD and the development of malignant tumors has not been demonstrated, however, the immunological alterations of KD could be associated with its development. An 11-month-old male was diagnosed with incomplete KD. No coronary abnormalities were detected. He was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and aspirin. Four weeks later, he developed fever, otitis media, bullous pharyngitis, irritability, anemia and hyperleukocytosis, and neutropenia. Blasts forms were observed in peripheral blood. Bone marrow smear demonstrated acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). KD has diverse clinical presentations, atypical manifestations, and several complications such as macrophage activation syndrome. As our case highlights, lymphoid neoplasms may follow KD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Edna Venegas-Montoya
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Hospital de Especialidades, UMAE 25 IMSS, Monterrey, Mexico
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73
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Stokowa-Sołtys K, Wojtkowiak K, Jagiełło K. Fusobacterium nucleatum - Friend or foe? J Inorg Biochem 2021; 224:111586. [PMID: 34425476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is one of the most abundant Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, part of the gut, and oral commensal flora, generally found in human dental plaque. Its presence could be associated with various human diseases, including, e.g., periodontal, angina, lung and gynecological abscesses. This bacteria can enter the blood circulation as a result of periodontal infection. It was proven that F. nucleatum migrates from its primary site of colonization in the oral cavity to other parts of the body. It could cause numerous diseases, including cancers. On the other hand, it was shown that Fusobacterium produces significant amounts of butyric acid, which is a great source of energy for colonocytes (anti-inflammatory cells). Therefore, it is very interesting to get to know the two faces of F. nucleatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Stokowa-Sołtys
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Kamil Wojtkowiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Jagiełło
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
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74
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Kang C, Song CH, Kim N, Nam RH, Choi SI, Yu JE, Nho H, Choi JA, Kim JW, Na HY, Lee HN, Surh YJ. The Enhanced Inhibitory Effect of Estrogen on PD-L1 Expression Following Nrf2 Deficiency in the AOM/DSS Model of Colitis-Associated Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:679324. [PMID: 34307147 PMCID: PMC8297827 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.679324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a dual role in carcinogenesis. We previously reported that Nrf2 deficiency enhances the anti-tumorigenic effect of 17β-estradiol (E2) in an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model of colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Herein, we aimed to determine a possible explanation for our recent work and investigated the immune microenvironment represented by programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. One week after the AOM injection, mice were administered with DSS in drinking water for seven days; daily E2 injections were intraperitoneally administered during this period. The mice were sacrificed 16 weeks after AOM injection and analyzed for PD-L1 expression in the distal colon tissues using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Based on Western blotting results, PD-L1 expression was reduced in Nrf2 knockout (KO) female and E2-treated male mice when compared with their wild-type counterparts, following AOM/DSS treatment; this supports the association of PD-L1 expression with tumor progression. Additionally, this finding was in good agreement with the IHC results for PD-L1. Furthermore, we observed that PD-L1 is predominantly expressed in stromal cells rather than on epithelial cells in the colon. Western blotting revealed that PD-L1 expression in the colon positively correlates with expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (male, P = 0.002; female, P <0.001) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (male, P <0.001; female, P <0.001). Collectively, our findings indicate that estrogen ameliorates the immune microenvironment represented by PD-L1 expression and enhances its effect in the absence of Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhee Kang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Chin-Hee Song
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ryoung Hee Nam
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Soo In Choi
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Yu
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Heewon Nho
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jin A Choi
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jin Won Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hee Young Na
- Departments of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Ha-Na Lee
- Laboratory of Immunology, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research-III, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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75
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Luo Y, Deng R, Zhong Q, Luo D, Li X, Chen X, Tao S, Feng Z, Jiayi L, Huang Y, Li J, Liu W. The prognostic value of inflammation markers in postoperative gliomas with or without adjuvant treatments. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26437. [PMID: 34160435 PMCID: PMC8238301 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that some inflammatory markers are associated with the prognosis of solid tumors. This study aims to evaluate the prognosis of glioma patients with or without adjuvant treatment using the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR).All patients who were diagnosed with gliomas at the first and second affiliated hospital of Guangxi Medical University between 2011 and 2020 were included in this study. The optimal cutoff value of SII, NLR, and PLR was determined by X-tile software program. We stratified patients into several groups and evaluated the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of SII, NLR, and PLR during the period of pre-surgical, con-chemoradiotherapy, and post-treatments. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to detect the relationships between OS, PFS, and prognostic variables.A total of 67 gliomas patients were enrolled in the study. The cutoff values of SII, NLR, and PLR were 781.5 × 109/L, 2.9 × 109/L, and 123.2 × 109/L, respectively. Patients who are pre-SII < 781.5 × 109/L had better PFS (P = .027), but no difference in OS. In addition, patients who had low pre-NLR (<2.9 × 109/L) meant better OS and PFS. PLR after adjuvant treatments (post-PLR) was significantly higher than pre-PLR (P = .035). Multivariate analyses revealed that pre-SII, pre-NLR were independent prognostic factors for OS (pre-SII: HR 1.002, 95% CI: 1.000-1.005, P = .030 and pre-PLR: HR 0.983, 95% CI: 0.973-0.994, P = .001), while pre-PLR was an independent factor for PFS (HR 0.989, 95% CI: 0.979-1.000, P = .041).High pre-SII or high pre-NLR could be prognostic markers to identify glioma patients who had a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renzhi Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
| | | | | | | | - Xueyuan Chen
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Sha Tao
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhoubin Feng
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Liu Jiayi
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology
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76
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Shen C, Liu C, Zhang Z, Ping Y, Shao J, Tian Y, Yu W, Qin G, Liu S, Wang L, Zhang Y. PD-1 Affects the Immunosuppressive Function of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:680055. [PMID: 34194433 PMCID: PMC8237944 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.680055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is increasing evidence that group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play an essential role in allergy and parasitic infection. However, the role of ILC2s in human lung cancer remains unclear. Methods ILC2s from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from healthy donors (HDs) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, and NSCLC tumor tissues were analyzed via multicolor flow cytometry. ILC2s or CD14+ cells were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. qPCR and flow cytometry were performed to assess the gene and protein expression of the indicated molecules. M1-like and M2-like macrophages were induced from CD14+ monocytes in vitro. Results ILC2s were significantly more enriched in PBMCs and tumor tissues from NSCLC patients than in HDs. After screening for the main immune checkpoint molecules, we found that PD-1 was upregulated in ILC2s in NSCLC patients. Functionally, PD-1high ILC2s from tumor tissues expressed higher levels of IL-4 and IL-13 regarding both mRNA and protein levels than PD-1low ILC2s. Furthermore, PD-1high ILC2s robustly boosted M2-like macrophage polarization in vitro, by secreting IL-4 and IL-13, while neutralization of IL-4 and IL-13 by antibodies abrogated M2-like macrophage polarization. Conclusion ILC2s are enriched in NSCLC patients and upregulate PD-1 expression. Upregulation of PD-1 facilitates the immunosuppressive function of ILC2s. PD-1high ILC2s enhance M2-like macrophage polarization by secreting IL-4 and IL-13. PD-1 acts as a positive regulator of the immunosuppressive function of ILC2s in human NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyi Shen
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaojun Liu
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Ping
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Shao
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yonggui Tian
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weina Yu
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guohui Qin
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, China
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Gaiani F, Marchesi F, Negri F, Greco L, Malesci A, de’Angelis GL, Laghi L. Heterogeneity of Colorectal Cancer Progression: Molecular Gas and Brakes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105246. [PMID: 34063506 PMCID: PMC8156342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The review begins with molecular genetics, which hit the field unveiling the involvement of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) and uncovering genetic predispositions. Then the notion of molecular phenotypes with different clinical behaviors was introduced and translated in the clinical arena, paving the way to next-generation sequencing that captured previously unrecognized heterogeneity. Among other molecular regulators of CRC progression, the extent of host immune response within the tumor micro-environment has a critical position. Translational sciences deeply investigated the field, accelerating the pace toward clinical transition, due to its strong association with outcomes. While the perturbation of gut homeostasis occurring in inflammatory bowel diseases can fuel carcinogenesis, micronutrients like vitamin D and calcium can act as brakes, and we discuss underlying molecular mechanisms. Among the components of gut microbiota, Fusobacterium nucleatum is over-represented in CRC, and may worsen patient outcome. However, any translational knowledge tracing the multifaceted evolution of CRC should be interpreted according to the prognostic and predictive frame of the TNM-staging system in a perspective of clinical actionability. Eventually, we examine challenges and promises of pharmacological interventions aimed to restrain disease progression at different disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Gaiani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.G.); (G.L.d.)
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, University-Hospital of Parma, via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Marchesi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (F.M.); (A.M.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Negri
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Luana Greco
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy;
| | - Alberto Malesci
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (F.M.); (A.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi de’Angelis
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.G.); (G.L.d.)
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, University-Hospital of Parma, via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Luigi Laghi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.G.); (G.L.d.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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78
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Huang R, Xie J, Liu X, Shen M. Sulfated modification enhances the modulatory effect of yam polysaccharide on gut microbiota in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. Food Res Int 2021; 145:110393. [PMID: 34112396 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study has demonstrated that sulfated yam polysaccharide (SCYP) had a stronger immunomodulatory activity than yam polysaccharide (CYP). In order to investigate how the sulfated modification influence the immunological activity of CYP, this research was mainly focused on the study of gut microbiotal. The results showed that SCYP treatment could increase the digestive enzyme activities of colon contents and restore the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in mice that were decreased by cyclophosphamide (Cy) treatment. Furthermore, SCYP treatment could modulate the structure of the gut microbiota, which was mainly manifest in the result of an increased abundances of Lactobacillus, Bacteroidetes and Akkermansia, and the decrease of the proportion of Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia in the microbial community. Diversity and overall structure of microbial community were also improved by SCYP treatment based on alpha-diversity and beta-diversity analysis results. The biomarkers of the gut microbial that were regulated by SCYP have been identified by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe). These findings further indicate that there is great potential for SCYP to be developed into prebiotics or functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Mingyue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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79
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Tamamouna V, Rahman MM, Petersson M, Charalambous I, Kux K, Mainor H, Bolender V, Isbilir B, Edgar BA, Pitsouli C. Remodelling of oxygen-transporting tracheoles drives intestinal regeneration and tumorigenesis in Drosophila. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:497-510. [PMID: 33972730 PMCID: PMC8567841 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00674-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The Drosophila trachea, as the functional equivalent of mammalian blood vessels, senses hypoxia and oxygenates the body. Here, we show that the adult intestinal tracheae are dynamic and respond to enteric infection, oxidative agents and tumours with increased terminal branching. Increased tracheation is necessary for efficient damage-induced intestinal stem cell (ISC)-mediated regeneration and is sufficient to drive ISC proliferation in undamaged intestines. Gut damage or tumours induce HIF-1α (Sima in Drosophila), which stimulates tracheole branching via the FGF (Branchless (Bnl))-FGFR (Breathless (Btl)) signalling cascade. Bnl-Btl signalling is required in the intestinal epithelium and the trachea for efficient damage-induced tracheal remodelling and ISC proliferation. Chemical or Pseudomonas-generated reactive oxygen species directly affect the trachea and are necessary for branching and intestinal regeneration. Similarly, tracheole branching and the resulting increase in oxygenation are essential for intestinal tumour growth. We have identified a mechanism of tracheal-intestinal tissue communication, whereby damage and tumours induce neo-tracheogenesis in Drosophila, a process reminiscent of cancer-induced neoangiogenesis in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilia Tamamouna
- University of Cyprus, Department of Biological Sciences, 1 Panepistimiou Avenue, 2109 Aglantzia, Cyprus
| | - M. Mahidur Rahman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Monika Petersson
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), University of Heidelberg Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Irini Charalambous
- University of Cyprus, Department of Biological Sciences, 1 Panepistimiou Avenue, 2109 Aglantzia, Cyprus
| | - Kristina Kux
- University of Cyprus, Department of Biological Sciences, 1 Panepistimiou Avenue, 2109 Aglantzia, Cyprus
| | - Hannah Mainor
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Verena Bolender
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), University of Heidelberg Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Buse Isbilir
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), University of Heidelberg Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bruce A. Edgar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA,Corresponding authors ,
| | - Chrysoula Pitsouli
- University of Cyprus, Department of Biological Sciences, 1 Panepistimiou Avenue, 2109 Aglantzia, Cyprus,Corresponding authors ,
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80
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Guo J, Ren J, Shen J, Cheng R, He Y. Do the combination of multiparametric MRI-based radiomics and selected blood inflammatory markers predict the grade and proliferation in glioma patients? Diagn Interv Radiol 2021; 27:440-449. [PMID: 33769289 PMCID: PMC8136526 DOI: 10.5152/dir.2021.20154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to explore whether multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics combined with selected blood inflammatory markers could effectively predict the grade and proliferation in glioma patients. METHODS This retrospective study included 152 patients histopathologically diagnosed with glioma. Stratified sampling was used to divide all patients into a training cohort (n=107) and a validation cohort (n=45) according to a ratio of 7:3, and five-fold repeat cross-validation was adopted in the training cohort. Multiparametric MRI and clinical parameters, including age, the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and red cell distribution width, were assessed. During image processing, image registration and gray normalization were conducted. A radiomics analysis was performed by extracting 1584 multiparametric MRI-based features, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was applied to generate a radiomics signature for predicting grade and Ki-67 index in both training and validation cohorts. Statistical analysis included analysis of variance, Pearson correlation, intraclass correlation coefficient, multivariate logistic regression, Hosmer-Lemeshow test, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS The radiomics signature demonstrated good performance in both the training and validation cohorts, with areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) of 0.92, 0.91, and 0.94 and 0.94, 0.75, and 0.82 for differentiating between low and high grade gliomas, grade III and grade IV gliomas, and low Ki-67 and high Ki-67, respectively, and was better than the clinical model; the AUCs of the combined model were 0.93, 0.91, and 0.95 and 0.94, 0.76, and 0.80, respectively. CONCLUSION Both the radiomics signature and combined model showed high diagnostic efficacy and outperformed the clinical model. The clinical factors did not provide additional improvement in the prediction of the grade and proliferation index in glioma patients, but the stability was improved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Junkang Shen
- From the Department of Radiology (J.G., J.S. ), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Radiology (J.G., Y.H.), Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, China; GE Healthcare China (J.R.), Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (R.C.), Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- From the Department of Radiology (J.G., J.S. ), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Radiology (J.G., Y.H.), Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, China; GE Healthcare China (J.R.), Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (R.C.), Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yexin He
- From the Department of Radiology (J.G., J.S. ), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Radiology (J.G., Y.H.), Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, China; GE Healthcare China (J.R.), Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (R.C.), Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, China
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81
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Xiang Y, Huang C, He Y, Zhang Q. Cancer or Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Review of the Clinical and Imaging Features in Diagnosis of the Confusing Mass. Front Oncol 2021; 11:644150. [PMID: 33996560 PMCID: PMC8113854 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.644150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Confusing masses constitute a challenging clinical problem for differentiating between cancer and tuberculosis diagnoses. This review summarizes the major theories designed to identify factors associated with misdiagnosis, such as imaging features, laboratory tests, and clinical characteristics. Then, the clinical experiences regarding the misdiagnosis of cancer and tuberculosis are summarized. Finally, the main diagnostic points and differential diagnostic criteria are explored, and the characteristics of multimodal imaging and radiomics are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Oncology, Department of Postgraduate Students, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Oncology, Department of Postgraduate Students, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Oncology, Department of Postgraduate Students, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Oncology, Department of Postgraduate Students, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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82
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Extracellular Vesicles and Their Role in the Spatial and Temporal Expansion of Tumor-Immune Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073374. [PMID: 33806053 PMCID: PMC8036938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as trafficking vehicles and intercellular communication tools. Their cargo molecules directly reflect characteristics of their parental cell. This includes information on cell identity and specific cellular conditions, ranging from normal to pathological states. In cancer, the content of EVs derived from tumor cells is altered and can induce oncogenic reprogramming of target cells. As a result, tumor-derived EVs compromise antitumor immunity and promote cancer progression and spreading. However, this pro-oncogenic phenotype is constantly being challenged by EVs derived from the local tumor microenvironment and from remote sources. Here, we summarize the role of EVs in the tumor–immune cross-talk that includes, but is not limited to, immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. We discuss the potential of remotely released EVs from the microbiome and during physical activity to shape the tumor–immune cross-talk, directly or indirectly, and confer antitumor activity. We further discuss the role of proinflammatory EVs in the temporal development of the tumor–immune interactions and their potential use for cancer diagnostics.
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83
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Mei S, Ma H, Chen X. Anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties of mangiferin: A review of its molecular mechanisms. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 149:111997. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.111997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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84
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Sharma S, Tiarks G, Haight J, Bassuk AG. Neuropathophysiological Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies for Post-traumatic Epilepsy. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:612073. [PMID: 33708071 PMCID: PMC7940684 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.612073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death in young adults and a risk factor for acquired epilepsy. Severe TBI, after a period of time, causes numerous neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative problems with varying comorbidities; and brain homeostasis may never be restored. As a consequence of disrupted equilibrium, neuropathological changes such as circuit remodeling, reorganization of neural networks, changes in structural and functional plasticity, predisposition to synchronized activity, and post-translational modification of synaptic proteins may begin to dominate the brain. These pathological changes, over the course of time, contribute to conditions like Alzheimer disease, dementia, anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE). PTE is one of the most common, devastating complications of TBI; and of those affected by a severe TBI, more than 50% develop PTE. The etiopathology and mechanisms of PTE are either unknown or poorly understood, which makes treatment challenging. Although anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are used as preventive strategies to manage TBI, control acute seizures and prevent development of PTE, their efficacy in PTE remains controversial. In this review, we discuss novel mechanisms and risk factors underlying PTE. We also discuss dysfunctions of neurovascular unit, cell-specific neuroinflammatory mediators and immune response factors that are vital for epileptogenesis after TBI. Finally, we describe current and novel treatments and management strategies for preventing PTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunik Sharma
- Medical Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Grant Tiarks
- Medical Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Joseph Haight
- Medical Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Alexander G Bassuk
- Medical Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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85
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Chen Y, Zeng J, Guo P, Zeng J, Liu J. Prognostic Significance of Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) in Extrahepatic Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Curative Resection. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:1395-1405. [PMID: 33603483 PMCID: PMC7886383 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s290738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prognosis for patients diagnosed of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have extrahepatic metastasis after liver resection is unsatisfactory. This study aimed to find out the relationship between the inflammation-related indexes and metastasis. Methods One thousand three hundred and sixty-six patients diagnosed of HCC who underwent curative resection were included in this study and divided into metastasis group (n=180) and non-metastasis group (n=1186). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to estimate the optimal cut-off value for inflammation-related indexes. Independent risk factors were identified by Cox regression analysis. The metastasis rate was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method, then the subgroup analyses were taken. Results The cut-off values of NLR, PLR, LMR, NγLR, PNLR, and PNI were 2.65, 107.67, 5.47, 134.52, 335.03, and 51.23, respectively. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that elevated serum AFP level (P=0.004), tumor size more than 5cm (P<0.001), multiple tumors (P=0.040), and higher PLR (P=0.042) were independent risk factors associated with extrahepatic metastasis. The Kaplan-Meier method showed that the high PLR group has a higher extrahepatic metastasis rate than the low PLR group. Meanwhile, the results of subgroup analyses were consistent with the conclusion. Conclusion The PLR is an independent risk factor of extrahepatic metastasis after radical hepatectomy for HCC patients. The high PLR indicates a higher rate of extrahepatic metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxing Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Guo
- Southeast Big Data Institute of Hepatobiliary Health, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Zeng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
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86
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Joukar F, Mavaddati S, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Samadani AA. Gut Microbiota as a Positive Potential Therapeutic Factor in Carcinogenesis: an Overview of Microbiota-Targeted Therapy. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 51:363-378. [PMID: 31025167 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-019-00237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer therapeutic methods comprising chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery are so routine in cancer treatment. Remarkably, there are several personal features which affect the effectiveness of such treatments including nutrition, microbiome diversity, and physical activity which has distinct significant roles during and after therapies along with their bilateral connections. In this way, the ability of gut microbiota36 in modulating the efficacy of chemotherapeutic medications in cancer and other types of disorders is of great importance. In addition, the role of dietary, probiotic, and synthetically engineered bacteria in manipulating and optimizing the gut microbiota is of interest. Conspicuously, the correlation between the commensal microbiota and also host can regulate the physiological activities comprising the immunity system and inflammatory agents and it is scanned in the category of cancers. Bacterial species have been employed in cancer therapy; commensal microbes posse a key beneficial role in this field. Practically, the microbiota has this potential to accelerate and modulates a certain response by priming in order to release the pro-inflammatory agents. We would like to discuss these vital factors in this review as gut microbiota has the potential to be the main option for personalized cancer treatment strategies in the future. Meaning, this novel data present clinical promising feasibilities of modulating cancer therapy with using microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Joukar
- GI Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sara Mavaddati
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- GI Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- GI Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. .,Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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87
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Gorlé N, Bauwens E, Haesebrouck F, Smet A, Vandenbroucke RE. Helicobacter and the Potential Role in Neurological Disorders: There Is More Than Helicobacter pylori. Front Immunol 2021; 11:584165. [PMID: 33633723 PMCID: PMC7901999 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.584165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trillions of symbiotic microbial cells colonize our body, of which the larger part is present in the human gut. These microbes play an essential role in our health and a shift in the microbiome is linked to several diseases. Recent studies also suggest a link between changes in gut microbiota and neurological disorders. Gut microbiota can communicate with the brain via several routes, together called the microbiome–gut–brain axis: the neuronal route, the endocrine route, the metabolic route and the immunological route. Helicobacter is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria colonizing the stomach, intestine and liver. Several papers show the role of H. pylori in the development and progression of neurological disorders, while hardly anything is known about other Helicobacter species and the brain. We recently reported a high prevalence of H. suis in patients with Parkinson’s disease and showed an effect of a gastric H. suis infection on the mouse brain homeostasis. Here, we discuss the potential role of H. suis in neurological disorders and how it may affect the brain via the microbiome–gut–brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Gorlé
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Bauwens
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Smet
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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88
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Xu L, Xie X, Luo Y. The role of macrophage in regulating tumour microenvironment and the strategies for reprogramming tumour-associated macrophages in antitumour therapy. Eur J Cell Biol 2021; 100:151153. [PMID: 33476912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2021.151153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) that present abundantly in the tumour microenvironment (TME) exhibit a protumour property, such as promoting genetic instability, tumour metastasis and immunosuppression. Macrophage-targeted therapeutic approaches hence have been applied and shown their significances in the process of tumour immune treatment, including blocking TAM recruitment, depleting or transforming TAMs that already exist in the tumour site. Here, we summarized the functional regulation of TAMs in the respects of hypoxia environment, metabolism in the tumour microenvironment and the transcription factors involved. We reviewed the strategies for transforming TAMs, including immune stimuli targeting TAMs, inhibitors against TAMs, pathogen or irradiation stimulation on TAMs, and the application of natural compounds in TAMs. Furthermore, we also discussed the macrophage-targeted therapies in the clinical studies. Taken together, this review tries to shed light on the TAM regulation and the main strategies of TAM reprogramming for an enhanced immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Xie
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Ying Luo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory & Drug Development on Common Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
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89
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Prognostic Inflammatory Index Based on Preoperative Peripheral Blood for Predicting the Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010003. [PMID: 33374924 PMCID: PMC7792597 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Inflammation plays a critical role in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Peripheral blood cell counts could reflect the extent of systemic inflammation and are readily available in clinical practice. The aim of our study was to construct a novel prognostic inflammatory index (PII) by integrating the blood cell counts associated with prognosis and to evaluate and validate the prognostic value of PII in two independent CRC cohorts. Multivariate Cox analyses in the training cohort of 4154 CRC patients indicated that high OS-PII (>4.27) and high DFS-PII (>4.47) were significantly associated with worse OS (HR: 1.330, p < 0.001) and worse DFS (HR: 1.366, p < 0.001), which has been validated in the external validation cohort of 5161 patients. Both OS-PII and DFS-PII have a stable prognostic performance at various follow-up times, and the nomograms based on OS-PII and DFS-PII achieved good accuracy in personalized survival prediction of patients with CRC. Abstract Host inflammation is a critical component of tumor progression and its status can be indicated by peripheral blood cell counts. We aimed to construct a comprehensively prognostic inflammatory index (PII) based on preoperative peripheral blood cell counts and further evaluate its prognostic value for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). A total of 9315 patients with stage II and III CRC from training and external validation cohorts were included. The PII was constructed by integrating all the peripheral blood cell counts associated with prognosis in the training cohort. Cox analyses were performed to evaluate the association between PII and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). In the training cohort, multivariate Cox analyses indicated that high OS-PII (>4.27) was significantly associated with worse OS (HR: 1.330, 95% CI: 1.189–1.489, p < 0.001); and high DFS-PII (>4.47) was significantly associated with worse DFS (HR: 1.366, 95% CI: 1.206–1.548, p < 0.001). The prognostic values of both OS-PII and DFS-PII were validated in the external validation cohort. The nomograms achieved good accuracy in predicting both OS and DFS. Time-dependent ROC analyses showed that both OS-PII and DFS-PII have a stable prognostic performance at various follow-up times. The prognostic value of tumor-node-metastasis staging could be enhanced by combining it with either OS-PII or DFS-PII. We demonstrated that PIIs are independent prognostic predictors for CRC patients, and the nomograms based on PIIs can be recommended for personalized survival prediction of patients with CRC.
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90
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Keshavarz A, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Zafari P, Bagheri N, Ghaffari SH, Bashash D. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in cancer; with an extensive focus on TLR agonists and antagonists. IUBMB Life 2020; 73:10-25. [PMID: 33217774 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
At the forefront of the battle against pathogens or any endogenously released molecules, toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role as the most noble pattern recognition receptors. The ability of these receptors in distinguishing "self" and "non-self" antigens is a cornerstone in the innate immunity system; however, misregulation links inflammatory responses to the development of human cancers. It has been known for some time that aberrant expression and regulation of TLRs not only endows cancer cells an opportunity to escape from the immune system but also supports them through enhancing proliferation and angiogenesis. Over the past decades, cancer research studies have witnessed a number of preclinical and clinical breakthroughs in the field of TLR modulators and some of the agents have exceptionally performed well in advanced clinical trials. In the present review, we have provided a comprehensive review of different TLR agonists and antagonists and discuss their limitations, toxicities, and challenges to outline their future incorporation in cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Keshavarz
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Zafari
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Seyed H Ghaffari
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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91
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Ye Y, Chen W, Gu M, Xian G, Pan B, Zheng L, Zhang Z, Sheng P. Serum globulin and albumin to globulin ratio as potential diagnostic biomarkers for periprosthetic joint infection: a retrospective review. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:459. [PMID: 33028348 PMCID: PMC7539494 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01959-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) has been increasingly documented; however, its preoperative accurate diagnosis remains challenging. Furthermore, there is a dire need to identify appropriate and effective biomarkers. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between globulin, albumin to globulin (A/G) ratio, and development of PJI in patients undergoing revision total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Methods A retrospective study was conducted on patients who had undergone revision TJA between 2011 and 2018 (89 with aseptic mechanic failure and 38 with PJI). The serum proteins were explored using univariate analysis followed by multivariate logistic regression. The diagnostic performance of these proteins was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results Higher globulin levels (odds ratio [OR], 1.239; P < 0.001) and lower A/G ratio (OR, 0.007; P < 0.001) were strongly associated with the risk of PJI. ROC curve analysis demonstrated reasonable diagnostic performance for globulin (area under the curve [AUC], 0.77; sensitivity, 78.95%; and specificity, 69.66%) and A/G ratio (AUC, 0.779; sensitivity, 65.79%; and specificity, 78.65%). Conclusions Both globulin and A/G ratio were associated with PJI and may serve as potential adjuvant biomarkers in the diagnosis of PJI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyu Ye
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Weishen Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Minghui Gu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Guoyan Xian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Baiqi Pan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Linli Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ziji Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Puyi Sheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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92
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Roumani M, Duval RE, Ropars A, Risler A, Robin C, Larbat R. Phenolamides: Plant specialized metabolites with a wide range of promising pharmacological and health-promoting interests. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110762. [PMID: 33152925 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolamides constitute a family of metabolites, widely represented in the plant kingdom, that can be found in all plant organs with a predominance in flowers and pollen grains. They represent a large and structurally diverse family, resulting from the association of phenolic acids with aliphatic or aromatic amines. Initially revealed as active compounds in several medicinal plant extracts, phenolamides have been extensively studied for their health-promoting and pharmacological properties. Indeed, phenolamides have been shown to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and antimicrobial properties, but also protective effects against metabolic syndrome and neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this review is to summarise this large body of literature, including in vitro and in vivo studies, by describing the diversity of their biological properties and our actual knowledge of the molecular mechanisms behind them. With regard to their considerable pharmacological interest, the question of industrial production is also tackled through chemical and biological syntheses in engineered microorganisms. The diversity of biological activities already described, together with the active discovery of the broad structural diversity of this metabolite family, make phenolamides a promising source of new active compounds on which future studies should be focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Roumani
- UMR 1121, Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Université de Lorraine- INRAe, Nancy, France
| | | | - Armelle Ropars
- Stress Immunity Pathogens Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Arnaud Risler
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Christophe Robin
- UMR 1121, Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Université de Lorraine- INRAe, Nancy, France
| | - Romain Larbat
- UMR 1121, Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Université de Lorraine- INRAe, Nancy, France.
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93
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Watkins A, Fukatsu K, Higashizono K, Watanabe T, Noguchi M, Tominaga E, Murakoshi S, Yasuhara H. Influence of a Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet on Peritoneal Inflammation, Cancer-Associated Lymphocytes, and Survival in a Murine Carcinomatous Peritonitis Model. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2020; 45:1293-1301. [PMID: 32829500 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-carbohydrate high-fat diets (LCHFDs) are thought to be beneficial for metabolic support in patients with advanced cancer. However, whether LCHFDs affect the progression of carcinomatous peritonitis (CP) remains unclear. Our study examined the influence of a lard-based LCHFD on host immunity and survival in a murine CP model. METHODS Mice were fed either a normal diet (ND) or an LCHFD ad libitum. On day 7, Panc02 cancer cells were inoculated intraperitoneally. Mice were killed on days 7, 21, and 35, and cytokine levels in the peritoneal fluid, as well as the number and phenotypes of peritoneal, splenic, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were measured. Survival studies were performed with both ad libitum and isocaloric feeding in other sets of mice. RESULTS The levels of all cytokines significantly increased in the LCHFD group compared with those in the ND group on day 21. The tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-10 levels were higher in the LCHFD group than in the ND group on day 35. In the LCHFD group, the regulatory T-cell (Treg) number was significantly higher in the peritoneal cavity and tumor. The survival times were worse in the LCHFD group than in the ND group. CONCLUSION The ad libitum, lard-based LCHFD feeding of CP mice increases the peritoneal cytokine levels, which may reduce splenic, anticancer lymphocytes and increase the number of Tregs in the peritoneal cavity and tumor. The detrimental effects of LCHFD are linked to dietary composition rather than overfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Watkins
- Operating Room Management and Surgical Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Fukatsu
- Operating Room Management and Surgical Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Surgical Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Higashizono
- Operating Room Management and Surgical Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoki Watanabe
- Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan.,Gastrointestinal Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Midori Noguchi
- Operating Room Management and Surgical Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Tominaga
- Operating Room Management and Surgical Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Murakoshi
- Operating Room Management and Surgical Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yasuhara
- Operating Room Management and Surgical Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Surgical Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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94
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Yang F, Feng W, Wang H, Wang L, Liu X, Wang R, Chen C, Yang X, Zhang D, Ren Q, Zheng G. Monocyte-Derived Leukemia-Associated Macrophages Facilitate Extramedullary Distribution of T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3677-3691. [PMID: 32651260 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play important roles in both physiologic and pathologic processes and arise from successive waves of embryonic and adult hematopoiesis. Monocyte-derived macrophages (MOMF) exert distinct functions under pathologic conditions, and leukemia-associated macrophages (LAM) show considerable diversities in activation and functional phenotype. However, their origin and pathologic roles have not been well elucidated. Here we used wild-type and CCR2-/- mice to study the pathologic roles of monocyte-derived LAM in extramedullary tissues in models of Notch1-induced T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). MOMF existed in the resting liver and spleen. In the spleen, Ly6C+ monocytes gave rise to the Ly6C+ macrophage subset. Furthermore, an increase of monocyte-derived LAM, including the Ly6C+ subset, was detected in the extramedullary tissues in leukemic mice. More monocyte-derived LAM, including Ly6C+ LAM, was detected in the spleens of leukemic mice transplanted with exogeneous mononuclear cells. Moreover, Ly6C+ LAM exhibited increased M1-related characteristics and contributed to sterile inflammation. In CCR2-/- leukemic mice, reduced Ly6C+ LAM, relieved sterile inflammation, and reduced distribution of leukemia cells were detected in extramedullary tissues. In addition, monocyte-derived Ly6C+ LAM expressed high levels of CCL8 and CCL9/10. Blocking CCR1 and CCR2 relieved hepatosplenomegaly and inhibited the extramedullary distribution of leukemia cells in T-ALL mice. Collectively, our findings reveal the multifaceted pathologic roles of monocyte-derived LAM in T-ALL progression. SIGNIFICANCE: This study links monocyte-derived leukemia-associated macrophages with noninfectious inflammation and extramedullary distribution of leukemia cells during leukemia progression, providing new insight into macrophage-based immunotherapy in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenli Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Lina Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Chong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Guoguang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
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95
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Nannini G, Meoni G, Amedei A, Tenori L. Metabolomics profile in gastrointestinal cancers: Update and future perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:2514-2532. [PMID: 32523308 PMCID: PMC7265149 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i20.2514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent progress in diagnosis and therapy, gastrointestinal (GI) cancers remain one of the most important causes of death with a poor prognosis due to late diagnosis. Serum tumor markers and detection of occult blood in the stool are the current tests used in the clinic of GI cancers; however, these tests are not useful as diagnostic screening since they have low specificity and low sensitivity. Considering that one of the hallmarks of cancer is dysregulated metabolism and metabolomics is an optimal approach to illustrate the metabolic mechanisms that belong to living systems, is now clear that this -omics could open a new way to study cancer. In the last years, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics has demonstrated to be an optimal approach for diseases' diagnosis nevertheless a few studies focus on the NMR capability to find new biomarkers for early diagnosis of GI cancers. For these reasons in this review, we will give an update on the status of NMR metabolomic studies for the diagnosis and development of GI cancers using biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Nannini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Gaia Meoni
- Giotto Biotech Srl, and CERM (University of Florence), Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
- SOD of Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine, Florence 50019, Italy
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96
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Raggi F, Bosco MC. Targeting Mononuclear Phagocyte Receptors in Cancer Immunotherapy: New Perspectives of the Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells (TREM-1). Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051337. [PMID: 32456204 PMCID: PMC7281211 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cells are major players in the onset of cancer. The degree of inflammation and type of inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are responsible for tilting the balance between tumor progression and regression. Cancer-related inflammation has also been shown to influence the efficacy of conventional therapy. Mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) represent a major component of the inflammatory circuit that promotes tumor progression. Despite their potential to activate immunosurveillance and exert anti-tumor responses, MPs are subverted by the tumor to support its growth, immune evasion, and spread. MP responses in the TME are dictated by a network of stimuli integrated through the cross-talk between activatory and inhibitory receptors. Alterations in receptor expression/signaling can create excessive inflammation and, when chronic, promote tumorigenesis. Research advances have led to the development of new therapeutic strategies aimed at receptor targeting to induce a tumor-infiltrating MP switch from a cancer-supportive toward an anti-tumor phenotype, demonstrating efficacy in different human cancers. This review provides an overview of the role of MP receptors in inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis and discusses the most recent updates regarding their targeting for immunotherapeutic purposes. We focus in particular on the TREM-1 receptor, a major amplifier of MP inflammatory responses, highlighting its relevance in the development and progression of several types of inflammation-associated malignancies and the promises of its inhibition for cancer immunotherapy.
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97
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Markov AV, Sen’kova AV, Popadyuk II, Salomatina OV, Logashenko EB, Komarova NI, Ilyina AA, Salakhutdinov NF, Zenkova MA. Novel 3'-Substituted-1',2',4'-Oxadiazole Derivatives of 18βH-Glycyrrhetinic Acid and Their O-Acylated Amidoximes: Synthesis and Evaluation of Antitumor and Anti-Inflammatory Potential In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3511. [PMID: 32429154 PMCID: PMC7279002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 18βH-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) derivatives containing 3'-(alkyl/phenyl/pyridin(-2″, -3″, and -4″)-yl)-1',2',4'-oxadiazole moieties at the C-30 position were synthesized by condensation of triterpenoid's carboxyl group with corresponding amidoximes and further cyclization. Screening of the cytotoxicity of novel GA derivatives on a panel of tumor cell lines showed that the 3-acetoxy triterpenoid intermediates-O-acylated amidoxime 3a-h-display better solubility under bioassay conditions and more pronounced cytotoxicity compared to their 1',2',4'-oxadiazole analogs 4f-h (median IC50 = 7.0 and 49.7 µM, respectively). Subsequent replacement of the 3-acetoxy group by the hydroxyl group of pyridin(-2″, 3″, and -4″)-yl-1',2',4'-oxadiazole-bearing GA derivatives produced compounds 5f-h, showing the most pronounced selective toxicity toward tumor cells (median selectivity index (SI) > 12.1). Further detailed analysis of the antitumor activity of hit derivative 5f revealed its marked proapoptotic activity and inhibitory effects on clonogenicity and motility of HeLa cervical carcinoma cells in vitro, and the metastatic growth of B16 melanoma in vivo. Additionally, the comprehensive in silico study revealed intermediate 3d, bearing the tert-butyl moiety in O-acylated amidoxime, as a potent anti-inflammatory candidate, which was able to effectively inhibit inflammatory response induced by IFNγ in macrophages in vitro and carrageenan in murine models in vivo, probably by primary interactions with active sites of MMP9, neutrophil elastase, and thrombin. Taken together, our findings provide a basis for a better understanding of the structure-activity relationship of 1',2',4'-oxadiazole-containing triterpenoids and reveal two hit molecules with pronounced antitumor (5f) and anti-inflammatory (3d) activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V. Markov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev ave., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.V.S.); (O.V.S.); (E.B.L.); (A.A.I.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Aleksandra V. Sen’kova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev ave., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.V.S.); (O.V.S.); (E.B.L.); (A.A.I.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Irina I. Popadyuk
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.I.P.); (N.I.K.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Oksana V. Salomatina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev ave., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.V.S.); (O.V.S.); (E.B.L.); (A.A.I.); (M.A.Z.)
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.I.P.); (N.I.K.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Evgeniya B. Logashenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev ave., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.V.S.); (O.V.S.); (E.B.L.); (A.A.I.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Nina I. Komarova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.I.P.); (N.I.K.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Anna A. Ilyina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev ave., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.V.S.); (O.V.S.); (E.B.L.); (A.A.I.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Nariman F. Salakhutdinov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.I.P.); (N.I.K.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Marina A. Zenkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev ave., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.V.S.); (O.V.S.); (E.B.L.); (A.A.I.); (M.A.Z.)
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Chang WL, Yang WC, Zeng XY, Li CG, Xiong Z, Wang T, Zhang RZ, Tao KX, Zhang P. Elevated preoperative platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts poor prognosis of patients with primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:124. [PMID: 32321434 PMCID: PMC7178594 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01275-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are considered to reflect the systemic inflammatory response and clinical prognosis. However, the independent prognostic values of the NLR and PLR for patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) remain debatable. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of preoperative NLR and PLR in GIST patients. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all GIST patients diagnosed and surgically treated at Union Hospital between 2005 and 2018. The preoperative NLR and PLR were calculated to evaluate recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to estimate the independent prognostic values. RESULTS The median follow-up time was 49 months (interquartile range, 22-74 months). The preoperative PLR was significantly increased in the GIST patients with intermediate and high tumor risks. Increases in the NLR (≥2.34) and PLR (≥185.04) were associated with shorter RFS and OS (P < 0.01). Moreover, the multivariate analysis revealed that elevated PLR was an independent factor for shorter RFS (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.041; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.001-4.622; P < 0.001) and OS (HR: 1.899; 95% CI: 1.136-3.173; P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS The preoperative PLR is a potential biomarker of GIST and is related to the clinical outcome. An elevated preoperative PLR predicts poor prognosis of patients with primary GIST after complete surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Long Chang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Wen-Chang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Cheng-Guo Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhen Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Rui-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Kai-Xiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Shevchenko I, Mathes A, Groth C, Karakhanova S, Müller V, Utikal J, Werner J, Bazhin AV, Umansky V. Enhanced expression of CD39 and CD73 on T cells in the regulation of anti-tumor immune responses. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1744946. [PMID: 33457090 PMCID: PMC7790505 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1744946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of extracellular adenosine by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 represents an important pathway of immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment. Using two mouse models (RET transgenic melanoma and Panc02 orthotopic pancreatic adenocarcinoma), we identified an elevated frequency of ectonucleotidase-expressing T cells in tumors and spleens. Importantly, these ectonucleotidase-positive T cells also showed a pronounced expression of PD-1. Conversely, the PD-1+ T cell subsets in tumors contained substantially larger proportions of ectonucleotidase-expressing cells compared to their counterparts lacking PD-1 expression. Our in vitro experiments showed that the activation of normal T cells resulted in an increase in the CD39 expression. CD39+ and CD73+ T cells displayed effector or memory phenotypes and produced IFN-γ, thereby linking ectonucleotidase expression to T cell effector functions. An accumulation of conventional and regulatory T cells expressing CD39 and/or CD73 was also detected in the peripheral blood of patients with melanoma and pancreatic cancer. Moreover, we demonstrated a significant association between low frequencies of circulating CD73+CD8+ T cells and CD73+CD4+ regulatory T cells and better overall survival of melanoma patients. Tumor-derived soluble factors (in particular, TGF-β) significantly enhanced the frequencies of ectonucleotidase-expressing cells in mice. Our findings suggest that the upregulation of ectonucleotidase expression in T cells promotes extracellular adenosine accumulation and represents an important mechanism of homeostatic immune auto-regulation, which could be hijacked by tumors to evade anti-cancer immunity. Targeting CD39 and CD73 can open new avenues for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Shevchenko
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Dermato-Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Mathes
- Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of General and Abdominal Surgery, Sana Klinikum Offenbach, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Christopher Groth
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Dermato-Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Verena Müller
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Dermato-Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Dermato-Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandr V Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Viktor Umansky
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Dermato-Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Ewald PW, Swain Ewald HA. The scope of viral causation of human cancers: interpreting virus density from an evolutionary perspective. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 374:20180304. [PMID: 30955500 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most known oncogenic viruses of humans use DNA as their genomic material. Research over the past quarter century has revealed that their oncogenicity results largely from direct interference with barriers to oncogenesis. In contrast to viruses that have been accepted causes of particular cancers, candidate viral causes tend to have fewer viral than cellular genomes in the tumours. These low viral loads have caused researchers to conclude that the associated viruses are not primary causes of the associated cancers. Consideration of differential survival, reproduction and infiltration of cells in a tumour suggest, however, that viral loads could be low even when viruses are primary causes of cancer. Resolution of this issue has important implications for human health because medical research tends to be effective at preventing and controlling infectious diseases. Mathematical models may clarify the problem and help guide future research by assessing whether low viral loads are likely outcomes of the differential survival, reproduction, and infiltration of cells in a tumour and, more generally, the extent to which viruses contribute to cancer. This article is part of the theme issue 'Silent cancer agents: multi-disciplinary modelling of human DNA oncoviruses'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Ewald
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40292 , USA
| | - Holly A Swain Ewald
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40292 , USA
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