51
|
Hicks-Berthet J, Ning B, Federico A, Tilston-Lunel A, Matschulat A, Ai X, Lenburg ME, Beane J, Monti S, Varelas X. Yap/Taz inhibit goblet cell fate to maintain lung epithelial homeostasis. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109347. [PMID: 34260916 PMCID: PMC8346236 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper lung function relies on the precise balance of specialized epithelial cells that coordinate to maintain homeostasis. Herein, we describe essential roles for the transcriptional regulators YAP/TAZ in maintaining lung epithelial homeostasis, reporting that conditional deletion of Yap and Wwtr1/Taz in the lung epithelium of adult mice results in severe defects, including alveolar disorganization and the development of airway mucin hypersecretion. Through in vivo lineage tracing and in vitro molecular experiments, we reveal that reduced YAP/TAZ activity promotes intrinsic goblet transdifferentiation of secretory airway epithelial cells. Global gene expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analyses suggest that YAP/TAZ act cooperatively with TEA domain (TEAD) transcription factors and the NuRD complex to suppress the goblet cell fate program, directly repressing the SPDEF gene. Collectively, our study identifies YAP/TAZ as critical factors in lung epithelial homeostasis and offers molecular insight into the mechanisms promoting goblet cell differentiation, which is a hallmark of many lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hicks-Berthet
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Boting Ning
- Department of Medicine, Computational Biomedicine Section, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Anthony Federico
- Department of Medicine, Computational Biomedicine Section, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Andrew Tilston-Lunel
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Adeline Matschulat
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Xingbin Ai
- Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Marc E Lenburg
- Department of Medicine, Computational Biomedicine Section, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jennifer Beane
- Department of Medicine, Computational Biomedicine Section, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Stefano Monti
- Department of Medicine, Computational Biomedicine Section, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xaralabos Varelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Systematic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection of an ACE2-negative human airway cell. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109364. [PMID: 34214467 PMCID: PMC8220945 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) variants govern transmissibility, responsiveness to vaccination, and disease severity. In a screen for new models of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we identify human H522 lung adenocarcinoma cells as naturally permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection despite complete absence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression. Remarkably, H522 infection requires the E484D S variant; viruses expressing wild-type S are not infectious. Anti-S monoclonal antibodies differentially neutralize SARS-CoV-2 E484D S in H522 cells as compared to ACE2-expressing cells. Sera from vaccinated individuals block this alternative entry mechanism, whereas convalescent sera are less effective. Although the H522 receptor remains unknown, depletion of surface heparan sulfates block H522 infection. Temporally resolved transcriptomic and proteomic profiling reveal alterations in cell cycle and the antiviral host cell response, including MDA5-dependent activation of type I interferon signaling. These findings establish an alternative SARS-CoV-2 host cell receptor for the E484D SARS-CoV-2 variant, which may impact tropism of SARS-CoV-2 and consequently human disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
53
|
Sweeter JM, Kudrna K, Hunt K, Thomes P, Dickey BF, Brody SL, Dickinson JD. Autophagy of mucin granules contributes to resolution of airway mucous metaplasia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13037. [PMID: 34158522 PMCID: PMC8219712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91932-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exacerbations of muco-obstructive airway diseases such as COPD and asthma are associated with epithelial changes termed mucous metaplasia (MM). Many molecular pathways triggering MM have been identified; however, the factors that regulate resolution are less well understood. We hypothesized that the autophagy pathway is required for resolution of MM by eliminating excess non-secreted intracellular mucin granules. We found increased intracellular levels of mucins Muc5ac and Muc5b in mice deficient in autophagy regulatory protein, Atg16L1, and that this difference was not due to defects in the known baseline or stimulated mucin secretion pathways. Instead, we found that, in mucous secretory cells, Lc3/Lamp1 vesicles colocalized with mucin granules particularly adjacent to the nucleus, suggesting that some granules were being eliminated in the autophagy pathway rather than secreted. Using a mouse model of MM resolution, we found increased lysosomal proteolytic activity that peaked in the days after mucin production began to decline. In purified lysosomal fractions, Atg16L1-deficient mice had reduced proteolytic degradation of Lc3 and Sqstm1 and persistent accumulation of mucin granules associated with impaired resolution of mucous metaplasia. In normal and COPD derived human airway epithelial cells (AECs), activation of autophagy by mTOR inhibition led to a reduction of intracellular mucin granules in AECs. Our findings indicate that during peak and resolution phases of MM, autophagy activity rather than secretion is required for elimination of some remaining mucin granules. Manipulation of autophagy activation offers a therapeutic target to speed resolution of MM in airway disease exacerbations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Sweeter
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - K Kudrna
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - K Hunt
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - P Thomes
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - B F Dickey
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S L Brody
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - J D Dickinson
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Farrow N, Cmielewski P, Delhove J, Rout-Pitt N, Vaughan L, Kuchel T, Christou C, Finnie J, Smith M, Knight E, Donnelley M, Parsons D. Towards Human Translation of Lentiviral Airway Gene Delivery for Cystic Fibrosis: A One-Month CFTR and Reporter Gene Study in Marmosets. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:806-816. [PMID: 33446042 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy continues to be a promising contender for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) airway disease. We have previously demonstrated that airway conditioning with lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) followed by delivery of a HIV-1-based lentiviral (LV) vector functionally corrects the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) defect in the nasal airways of CF mice. In our earlier pilot study we showed that our technique can transduce marmoset lungs acutely; this study extends that work to examine gene expression in this nonhuman primate (NHP) 1 month after gene vector treatment. A mixture of three separate HIV-1 vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSV-G)-pseudotyped LV vectors containing the luciferase (Luc), LacZ, and hCFTR transgenes was delivered into the trachea through a miniature bronchoscope. We examined whether a single-dose delivery of LV vector after LPC conditioning could increase levels of transgene expression in the trachea and lungs compared with control (phosphate-buffered saline [PBS]) conditioning. At 1 month, bioluminescence was detected in vivo in the trachea of three of the six animals within the PBS control group, compared with five of the six LPC-treated animals. When examined ex vivo there was weak evidence that LPC improves tracheal Luc expression levels. In the lungs, bioluminescence was detected in vivo in four of the six PBS-treated animals, compared with five of the six LPC-treated animals; however, bioluminescence was present in all lungs when imaged ex vivo. LacZ expression was predominantly observed in the alveolar regions of the lung. hCFTR was detected by qPCR in the lungs of five animals. Basal cells were successfully isolated and expanded from marmoset tracheas, but no LacZ-positive colonies were detected. There was no evidence of an inflammatory response toward the LV vector at 1 month postdelivery, with cytokines remaining at baseline levels. In conclusion, we found weak evidence that LPC conditioning improved gene transduction in the trachea, but not in the marmoset lungs. We also highlight some of the challenges associated with translational lung gene therapy studies in NHPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Farrow
- Robinson Research Institute.,Adelaide Medical School.,Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Patricia Cmielewski
- Robinson Research Institute.,Adelaide Medical School.,Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Juliette Delhove
- Robinson Research Institute.,Adelaide Medical School.,Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nathan Rout-Pitt
- Robinson Research Institute.,Adelaide Medical School.,Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lewis Vaughan
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tim Kuchel
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Chris Christou
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - John Finnie
- Adelaide Medical School.,SA Pathology, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Matthew Smith
- Surgical Specialties, University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Emma Knight
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Adelaide, Australia.,School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Martin Donnelley
- Robinson Research Institute.,Adelaide Medical School.,Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - David Parsons
- Robinson Research Institute.,Adelaide Medical School.,Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Tilston-Lunel A, Mazzilli S, Kingston NM, Szymaniak AD, Hicks-Berthet J, Kern JG, Abo K, Reid ME, Perdomo C, Wilson AA, Spira A, Beane J, Varelas X. Aberrant epithelial polarity cues drive the development of precancerous airway lesions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2019282118. [PMID: 33903236 PMCID: PMC8106308 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019282118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular events that drive the development of precancerous lesions in the bronchial epithelium, which are precursors of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), are poorly understood. We demonstrate that disruption of epithelial cellular polarity, via the conditional deletion of the apical determinant Crumbs3 (Crb3), initiates and sustains precancerous airway pathology. The loss of Crb3 in adult luminal airway epithelium promotes the uncontrolled activation of the transcriptional regulators YAP and TAZ, which stimulate intrinsic signals that promote epithelial cell plasticity and paracrine signals that induce basal-like cell growth. We show that aberrant polarity and YAP/TAZ-regulated gene expression associates with human bronchial precancer pathology and disease progression. Analyses of YAP/TAZ-regulated genes further identified the ERBB receptor ligand Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) as a key transcriptional target and therapeutic targeting of ERBB receptors as a means of preventing and treating precancerous cell growth. Our observations offer important molecular insight into the etiology of LUSC and provides directions for potential interception strategies of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tilston-Lunel
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Sarah Mazzilli
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Nathan M Kingston
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | | | - Julia Hicks-Berthet
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Joseph G Kern
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Kristine Abo
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Mary E Reid
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - Catalina Perdomo
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Andrew A Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, MA 02118
| | - Avrum Spira
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, MA 02118
- Lung Cancer Initiative (LCI), Johnson and Johnson, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Jennifer Beane
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Xaralabos Varelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118;
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, MA 02118
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Nakayama S, Yano T, Namba T, Konishi S, Takagishi M, Herawati E, Nishida T, Imoto Y, Ishihara S, Takahashi M, Furuta K, Oiwa K, Tamura A, Tsukita S. Planar cell polarity induces local microtubule bundling for coordinated ciliary beating. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212042. [PMID: 33929515 PMCID: PMC8094116 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiciliated cells (MCCs) in tracheas generate mucociliary clearance through coordinated ciliary beating. Apical microtubules (MTs) play a crucial role in this process by organizing the planar cell polarity (PCP)-dependent orientation of ciliary basal bodies (BBs), for which the underlying molecular basis remains elusive. Herein, we found that the deficiency of Daple, a dishevelled-associating protein, in tracheal MCCs impaired the planar polarized apical MTs without affecting the core PCP proteins, causing significant defects in the BB orientation at the cell level but not the tissue level. Using live-cell imaging and ultra-high voltage electron microscope tomography, we found that the apical MTs accumulated and were stabilized by side-by-side association with one side of the apical junctional complex, to which Daple was localized. In vitro binding and single-molecule imaging revealed that Daple directly bound to, bundled, and stabilized MTs through its dimerization. These features convey a PCP-related molecular basis for the polarization of apical MTs, which coordinate ciliary beating in tracheal MCCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Nakayama
- Laboratory of Barriology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yano
- Laboratory of Barriology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshinori Namba
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Konishi
- Laboratory of Barriology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maki Takagishi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Elisa Herawati
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tomoki Nishida
- Japan Textile Products Quality and Technology Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Imoto
- Japan Textile Products Quality and Technology Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shuji Ishihara
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,International Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Ken'ya Furuta
- Advanced Information and Communications Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Oiwa
- Advanced Information and Communications Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- Laboratory of Barriology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsukita
- Laboratory of Barriology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Puray-Chavez M, LaPak KM, Schrank TP, Elliott JL, Bhatt DP, Agajanian MJ, Jasuja R, Lawson DQ, Davis K, Rothlauf PW, Jo H, Lee N, Tenneti K, Eschbach JE, Mugisha CS, Vuong HR, Bailey AL, Hayes DN, Whelan SP, Horani A, Brody SL, Goldfarb D, Major MB, Kutluay SB. Systematic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection of an ACE2-negative human airway cell. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.03.01.433431. [PMID: 33688646 PMCID: PMC7941617 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.01.433431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Established in vitro models for SARS-CoV-2 infection are limited and include cell lines of non-human origin and those engineered to overexpress ACE2, the cognate host cell receptor. We identified human H522 lung adenocarcinoma cells as naturally permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection despite complete absence of ACE2. Infection of H522 cells required the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, though in contrast to ACE2-dependent models, spike alone was not sufficient for H522 infection. Temporally resolved transcriptomic and proteomic profiling revealed alterations in cell cycle and the antiviral host cell response, including MDA5-dependent activation of type-I interferon signaling. Focused chemical screens point to important roles for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and endosomal cathepsins in SARS-CoV-2 infection of H522 cells. These findings imply the utilization of an alternative SARS-CoV-2 host cell receptor which may impact tropism of SARS-CoV-2 and consequently human disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Puray-Chavez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kyle M. LaPak
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Travis P. Schrank
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Elliott
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dhaval P. Bhatt
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Megan J. Agajanian
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ria Jasuja
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dana Q. Lawson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Keanu Davis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Paul W. Rothlauf
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heejoon Jo
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nakyung Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kasyap Tenneti
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jenna E. Eschbach
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christian Shema Mugisha
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hung R. Vuong
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adam L. Bailey
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - D. Neil Hayes
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sean P.J. Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amjad Horani
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven L. Brody
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Mo
| | - Dennis Goldfarb
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Institute for Informatics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - M. Ben Major
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sebla B. Kutluay
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Lead Contact
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Zhao H, Chen Q, Li F, Cui L, Xie L, Huang Q, Liang X, Zhou J, Yan X, Zhu X. Fibrogranular materials function as organizers to ensure the fidelity of multiciliary assembly. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1273. [PMID: 33627667 PMCID: PMC7904937 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicilia are delicate motile machineries, and how they are accurately assembled is poorly understood. Here, we show that fibrogranular materials (FGMs), large arrays of electron-dense granules specific to multiciliated cells, are essential for their ultrastructural fidelity. Pcm1 forms the granular units that further network into widespread FGMs, which are abundant in spherical FGM cores. FGM cores selectively concentrate multiple important centriole-related proteins as clients, including Cep131 that specifically decorates a foot region of ciliary central pair (CP) microtubules. FGMs also tightly contact deuterosome-procentriole complexes. Disruption of FGMs in mouse cells undergoing multiciliogenesis by Pcm1 RNAi markedly deregulates centriolar targeting of FGM clients, elongates CP-foot, and alters deuterosome size, number, and distribution. Although the multicilia are produced in correct numbers, they display abnormal ultrastructure and motility. Our results suggest that FGMs organize deuterosomes and centriole-related proteins to facilitate the faithful assembly of basal bodies and multiciliary axonemes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qingxia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lihong Cui
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lele Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qiongping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xiumin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Xueliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China. .,School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Galdi F, Pedone C, McGee CA, George M, Rice AB, Hussain SS, Vijaykumar K, Boitet ER, Tearney GJ, McGrath JA, Brown AR, Rowe SM, Incalzi RA, Garantziotis S. Inhaled high molecular weight hyaluronan ameliorates respiratory failure in acute COPD exacerbation: a pilot study. Respir Res 2021; 22:30. [PMID: 33517896 PMCID: PMC7847749 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) carry significant morbidity and mortality. AECOPD treatment remains limited. High molecular weight hyaluronan (HMW-HA) is a glycosaminoglycan sugar, which is a physiological constituent of the lung extracellular matrix and has notable anti-inflammatory and hydrating properties. Research question We hypothesized that inhaled HMW-HA will improve outcomes in AECOPD. Methods We conducted a single center, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study to investigate the effect of inhaled HMW-HA in patients with severe AECOPD necessitating non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV). Primary endpoint was time until liberation from NIPPV. Results Out of 44 screened patients, 41 were included in the study (21 for placebo and 20 for HMW-HA). Patients treated with HMW-HA had significantly shorter duration of NIPPV. HMW-HA treated patients also had lower measured peak airway pressures on the ventilator and lower systemic inflammation markers after liberation from NIPPV. In vitro testing showed that HMW-HA significantly improved mucociliary transport in air–liquid interface cultures of primary bronchial cells from COPD patients and healthy primary cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract. Interpretation Inhaled HMW-HA shortens the duration of respiratory failure and need for non-invasive ventilation in patients with AECOPD. Beneficial effects of HMW-HA on mucociliary clearance and inflammation may account for some of the effects (NCT02674880, www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Galdi
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University and Teaching Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Pedone
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University and Teaching Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Christopher A McGee
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Margaret George
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Annette B Rice
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Shah S Hussain
- Department of Medicine and the Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama in Birmingham Medical Center, Birmingham, USA
| | - Kadambari Vijaykumar
- Department of Medicine and the Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama in Birmingham Medical Center, Birmingham, USA
| | - Evan R Boitet
- Department of Medicine and the Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama in Birmingham Medical Center, Birmingham, USA
| | - Guillermo J Tearney
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | | | | | - Steven M Rowe
- Department of Medicine and the Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama in Birmingham Medical Center, Birmingham, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, UAB, Birmingham, USA.,Department of Cell development & Integrative Biology, UAB, Birmingham, USA
| | - Raffaele A Incalzi
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University and Teaching Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Stavros Garantziotis
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Kurz S, Sheikh MO, Lu S, Wells L, Tiemeyer M. Separation and Identification of Permethylated Glycan Isomers by Reversed Phase NanoLC-NSI-MS n. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100045. [PMID: 33376194 PMCID: PMC8724860 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.002266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
HPLC has been employed for decades to enhance detection sensitivity and quantification of complex analytes within biological mixtures. Among these analytes, glycans released from glycoproteins and glycolipids have been characterized as underivatized or fluorescently tagged derivatives by HPLC coupled to various detection methods. These approaches have proven extremely useful for profiling the structural diversity of glycoprotein and glycolipid glycosylation but require the availability of glycan standards and secondary orthogonal degradation strategies to validate structural assignments. A robust method for HPLC separation of glycans as their permethylated derivatives, coupled with in-line multidimensional ion fragmentation (MSn) to assign structural features independent of standards, would significantly enhance the depth of knowledge obtainable from biological samples. Here, we report an optimized workflow for LC-MS analysis of permethylated glycans that includes sample preparation, mobile phase optimization, and MSn method development to resolve structural isomers on-the-fly. We report baseline separation and MSn of isomeric N- and O-glycan structures, aided by supplementing mobile phases with Li+, which simplifies adduct heterogeneity and facilitates cross-ring fragmentation to obtain valuable monosaccharide linkage information. Our workflow has been adapted from standard proteomics-based workflows and, therefore, provides opportunities for laboratories with expertise in proteomics to acquire glycomic data with minimal deviation from existing buffer systems, chromatography media, and instrument configurations. Furthermore, our workflow does not require a mass spectrometer with high-resolution/accurate mass capabilities. The rapidly evolving appreciation of the biological significance of glycans for human health and disease requires the implementation of high-throughput methods to identify and quantify glycans harvested from sample sets of sufficient size to achieve appropriately powered statistical significance. The LC-MSn approach we report generates glycan isomeric separations and robust structural characterization and is amenable to autosampling with associated throughput enhancements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Kurz
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - M Osman Sheikh
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lance Wells
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
| | - Michael Tiemeyer
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Ozaki M, Kagawa S, Ishii M, Hegab AE. Optimizing the in vitro colony-forming assay for more efficient delineation of the interaction between lung epithelial stem cells and their niche. J Stem Cells Regen Med 2021; 16:50-62. [PMID: 33414581 DOI: 10.46582/jsrm.1602009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of in vitro 3D organoid/colony forming assay (CFA); which mimics the in vivo environment have provided insight into the mechanisms by which lung stem cells maintain and repair the lung. In recent years, the use of CFA has markedly expanded. However, variations among laboratories in lung cell isolation methods, media used, type, origin, and processing methods of mesenchymal cells used as feeders for the epithelial colonies, and terms utilized to describe and quantify the growing colonies, have caused difficulty in reproducing results among different labs. In this study, we compared several previously described methods for lung cell isolation and culture media, to identify their influence on retrieved cells and growing colonies. We also characterized the effect of freeze/thaw, and propagation of fibroblasts on their ability to support epithelial colonies. Importantly, we suggested markers to identify fibroblast subtypes that offer the best support to alveolar stem cell proliferation. Then, we used our optimized assay to confirm the in vitro identity of recently described epithelial progenitors. We also tested the effect of hyperoxia on lung stem cells, and examined the expression of the receptors for the SARS-COV-2 virus's entry into epithelial cells, on our organoids. In summary, our findings facilitate CFA standardization, help understand how niche cell variations influence growing colonies, and confirm some of the recently described lung stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Ozaki
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kagawa
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Ishii
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ahmed E Hegab
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Hawkins FJ, Suzuki S, Beermann ML, Barillà C, Wang R, Villacorta-Martin C, Berical A, Jean JC, Le Suer J, Matte T, Simone-Roach C, Tang Y, Schlaeger TM, Crane AM, Matthias N, Huang SXL, Randell SH, Wu J, Spence JR, Carraro G, Stripp BR, Rab A, Sorsher EJ, Horani A, Brody SL, Davis BR, Kotton DN. Derivation of Airway Basal Stem Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:79-95.e8. [PMID: 33098807 PMCID: PMC7796997 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The derivation of tissue-specific stem cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) would have broad reaching implications for regenerative medicine. Here, we report the directed differentiation of human iPSCs into airway basal cells ("iBCs"), a population resembling the stem cell of the airway epithelium. Using a dual fluorescent reporter system (NKX2-1GFP;TP63tdTomato), we track and purify these cells as they first emerge as developmentally immature NKX2-1GFP+ lung progenitors and subsequently augment a TP63 program during proximal airway epithelial patterning. In response to primary basal cell medium, NKX2-1GFP+/TP63tdTomato+ cells display the molecular and functional phenotype of airway basal cells, including the capacity to self-renew or undergo multi-lineage differentiation in vitro and in tracheal xenografts in vivo. iBCs and their differentiated progeny model perturbations that characterize acquired and genetic airway diseases, including the mucus metaplasia of asthma, chloride channel dysfunction of cystic fibrosis, and ciliary defects of primary ciliary dyskinesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Finn J Hawkins
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Shingo Suzuki
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mary Lou Beermann
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Cristina Barillà
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ruobing Wang
- Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carlos Villacorta-Martin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Andrew Berical
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - J C Jean
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jake Le Suer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Taylor Matte
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | - Yang Tang
- Boston Children's Hospital Stem Cell Program, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thorsten M Schlaeger
- Boston Children's Hospital Stem Cell Program, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ana M Crane
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nadine Matthias
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sarah X L Huang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Scott H Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Joshua Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gianni Carraro
- Department of Medicine, Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Barry R Stripp
- Department of Medicine, Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Andras Rab
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Eric J Sorsher
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Amjad Horani
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven L Brody
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian R Davis
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Darrell N Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Micro-endoscopy for Live Small Animal Fluorescent Imaging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1310:153-186. [PMID: 33834437 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6064-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intravital microscopy has emerged as a powerful technique for the fluorescent visualization of cellular- and subcellular-level biological processes in vivo. However, the size of objective lenses used in standard microscopes currently makes it difficult to access internal organs with minimal invasiveness in small animal models, such as mice. Here we describe front- and side-view designs for small-diameter endoscopes based on gradient-index lenses, their construction, their integration into laser scanning confocal microscopy platforms, and their applications for in vivo imaging of fluorescent cells and microvasculature in various organs, including the kidney, bladder, heart, brain, and gastrointestinal tracts, with a focus on the new techniques developed for each imaging application. The combination of novel fluorescence techniques with these powerful imaging methods promises to continue providing novel insights into a variety of diseases.
Collapse
|
64
|
Respiratory Epithelial Cells Respond to Lactobacillus plantarum but Provide No Cross-Protection against Virus-Induced Inflammation. Viruses 2020; 13:v13010002. [PMID: 33374950 PMCID: PMC7821944 DOI: 10.3390/v13010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-induced inflammation plays a critical role in determining the clinical outcome of an acute respiratory virus infection. We have shown previously that the administration of immunobiotic Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) directly to the respiratory tract prevents lethal inflammatory responses to subsequent infection with a mouse respiratory virus pathogen. While Lp-mediated protective responses involve non-redundant contributions of both Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and NOD2, the cellular basis of these findings remains unclear. Here, we address the impact of Lp and its capacity to suppress inflammation in virus-infected respiratory epithelial cells in two cell culture models. We found that both MLE-12 cells and polarized mouse tracheal epithelial cells (mTECs) were susceptible to infection with Influenza A and released proinflammatory cytokines, including CCL2, CCL5, CXCL1, and CXCL10, in response to replicating virus. MLE-12 cells express NOD2 (81 ± 6.3%) and TLR2 (19 ± 4%), respond to Lp, and are TLR2-specific, but not NOD2-specific, biochemical agonists. By contrast, we found that mTECs express NOD2 (81 ± 17%) but minimal TLR2 (0.93 ± 0.58%); nonetheless, mTECs respond to Lp and the TLR2 agonist, Pam2CSK4, but not NOD2 agonists or the bifunctional TLR2-NOD2 agonist, CL-429. Although MLE-12 cells and mTECS were both activated by Lp, little to no cytokine suppression was observed in response to Lp followed by virus infection via a protocol that replicated experimental conditions that were effective in vivo. Further study and a more complex approach may be required to reveal critical factors that suppress virus-induced inflammatory responses.
Collapse
|
65
|
CFAP53 regulates mammalian cilia-type motility patterns through differential localization and recruitment of axonemal dynein components. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009232. [PMID: 33347437 PMCID: PMC7817014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Motile cilia can beat with distinct patterns, but how motility variations are regulated remain obscure. Here, we have studied the role of the coiled-coil protein CFAP53 in the motility of different cilia-types in the mouse. While node (9+0) cilia of Cfap53 mutants were immotile, tracheal and ependymal (9+2) cilia retained motility, albeit with an altered beat pattern. In node cilia, CFAP53 mainly localized at the base (centriolar satellites), whereas it was also present along the entire axoneme in tracheal cilia. CFAP53 associated tightly with microtubules and interacted with axonemal dyneins and TTC25, a dynein docking complex component. TTC25 and outer dynein arms (ODAs) were lost from node cilia, but were largely maintained in tracheal cilia of Cfap53-/- mice. Thus, CFAP53 at the base of node cilia facilitates axonemal transport of TTC25 and dyneins, while axonemal CFAP53 in 9+2 cilia stabilizes dynein binding to microtubules. Our study establishes how differential localization and function of CFAP53 contributes to the unique motion patterns of two important mammalian cilia-types. Motile cilia in various kinds of tissues and cell-types drive fluid flow over epithelia or facilitate cellular locomotion. There are two types of motile cilia. Motile cilia with a 9+2 configuration of microtubules are found on tracheal epithelial cells and brain ependymal cells, and exhibit planar beating with effective and recovery strokes. On the other hand, 9+0 motile cilia are found in the embryonic node, show rotational movement and are involved in establishing left-right asymmetry of visceral organs. However, it is not well understood how these two types of motile cilia exhibit their characteristic motion patterns. We have uncovered distinct roles and subcellular localization of the CFAP53 protein in 9+0 versus the 9+2 motile cilia of the mouse. Our data provide novel insights into the molecular basis of motility differences that characterize these two types of mammalian motile cilia.
Collapse
|
66
|
Iverson E, Kaler L, Agostino EL, Song D, Duncan GA, Scull MA. Leveraging 3D Model Systems to Understand Viral Interactions with the Respiratory Mucosa. Viruses 2020; 12:E1425. [PMID: 33322395 PMCID: PMC7763686 DOI: 10.3390/v12121425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the human population, underscoring the importance of ongoing basic research into virus-host interactions. However, many critical aspects of infection are difficult, if not impossible, to probe using standard cell lines, 2D culture formats, or even animal models. In vitro systems such as airway epithelial cultures at air-liquid interface, organoids, or 'on-chip' technologies allow interrogation in human cells and recapitulate emergent properties of the airway epithelium-the primary target for respiratory virus infection. While some of these models have been used for over thirty years, ongoing advancements in both culture techniques and analytical tools continue to provide new opportunities to investigate airway epithelial biology and viral infection phenotypes in both normal and diseased host backgrounds. Here we review these models and their application to studying respiratory viruses. Furthermore, given the ability of these systems to recapitulate the extracellular microenvironment, we evaluate their potential to serve as a platform for studies specifically addressing viral interactions at the mucosal surface and detail techniques that can be employed to expand our understanding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Iverson
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (E.I.); (E.L.A.)
| | - Logan Kaler
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (L.K.); (G.A.D.)
| | - Eva L. Agostino
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (E.I.); (E.L.A.)
| | - Daniel Song
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Gregg A. Duncan
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (L.K.); (G.A.D.)
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Margaret A. Scull
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (E.I.); (E.L.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Lee C, Cox RM, Papoulas O, Horani A, Drew K, Devitt CC, Brody SL, Marcotte EM, Wallingford JB. Functional partitioning of a liquid-like organelle during assembly of axonemal dyneins. eLife 2020; 9:e58662. [PMID: 33263282 PMCID: PMC7785291 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliary motility is driven by axonemal dyneins that are assembled in the cytoplasm before deployment to cilia. Motile ciliopathy can result from defects in the dyneins themselves or from defects in factors required for their cytoplasmic pre-assembly. Recent work demonstrates that axonemal dyneins, their specific assembly factors, and broadly-acting chaperones are concentrated in liquid-like organelles in the cytoplasm called DynAPs (Dynein Axonemal Particles). Here, we use in vivo imaging in Xenopus to show that inner dynein arm (IDA) and outer dynein arm (ODA) subunits are partitioned into non-overlapping sub-regions within DynAPs. Using affinity- purification mass-spectrometry of in vivo interaction partners, we also identify novel partners for inner and outer dynein arms. Among these, we identify C16orf71/Daap1 as a novel axonemal dynein regulator. Daap1 interacts with ODA subunits, localizes specifically to the cytoplasm, is enriched in DynAPs, and is required for the deployment of ODAs to axonemes. Our work reveals a new complexity in the structure and function of a cell-type specific liquid-like organelle that is directly relevant to human genetic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chanjae Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of TexasAustinUnited States
| | - Rachael M Cox
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of TexasAustinUnited States
| | - Ophelia Papoulas
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of TexasAustinUnited States
| | - Amjad Horani
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Kevin Drew
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of TexasAustinUnited States
| | - Caitlin C Devitt
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of TexasAustinUnited States
| | - Steven L Brody
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Edward M Marcotte
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of TexasAustinUnited States
| | - John B Wallingford
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of TexasAustinUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Vijayan A, Van Maele L, Fougeron D, Cayet D, Sirard JC. The GM-CSF Released by Airway Epithelial Cells Orchestrates the Mucosal Adjuvant Activity of Flagellin. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2873-2882. [PMID: 33008952 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The TLR5 agonist flagellin is a potent adjuvant and is currently being developed for use in vaccines. The mechanisms that drive flagellin's activity are influenced by its administration route. Previous studies showed that lung structural cells (especially epithelial cells lining the conducting airways) are pivotal for the efficacy of intranasally administered flagellin-containing vaccines. In this study, we looked at how the airway epithelial cells (AECs) regulate the flagellin-dependent stimulation of Ag-specific CD4+ T cells and the Ab response in mice. Our results demonstrate that after sensing flagellin, AECs trigger the release of GM-CSF in a TLR5-dependent fashion and the doubling of the number of activated type 2 conventional dendritic cells (cDC2s) in draining lymph nodes. Furthermore, the neutralization of GM-CSF reduced cDC2s activation. This resulted in lower of Ag-specific CD4+ T cell count and Ab titers in mice. Our data indicate that during pulmonary immunization, the GM-CSF released by AECs orchestrates the cross-talk between cDC2s and CD4+ T cells and thus drives flagellin's adjuvant effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Vijayan
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurye Van Maele
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Delphine Fougeron
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Delphine Cayet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Claude Sirard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Super-Resolution Microscopy and FIB-SEM Imaging Reveal Parental Centriole-Derived, Hybrid Cilium in Mammalian Multiciliated Cells. Dev Cell 2020; 55:224-236.e6. [PMID: 33038333 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Motile cilia are cellular beating machines that play a critical role in mucociliary clearance, cerebrospinal fluid movement, and fertility. In the airways, hundreds of motile cilia present on the surface of a multiciliated epithelia cell beat coordinately to protect the epithelium from bacteria, viruses, and harmful particulates. During multiciliated cell differentiation, motile cilia are templated from basal bodies, each extending a basal foot-an appendage linking motile cilia together to ensure coordinated beating. Here, we demonstrate that among the many motile cilia of a multiciliated cell, a hybrid cilium with structural features of both primary and motile cilia is harbored. The hybrid cilium is conserved in mammalian multiciliated cells, originates from parental centrioles, and its cellular position is biased and dependent on ciliary beating. Furthermore, we show that the hybrid cilium emerges independently of other motile cilia and functions in regulating basal body alignment.
Collapse
|
70
|
Lee L, Ostrowski LE. Motile cilia genetics and cell biology: big results from little mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:769-797. [PMID: 32915243 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of motile cilia and their role in disease has increased tremendously over the last two decades, with critical information and insight coming from the analysis of mouse models. Motile cilia form on specific epithelial cell types and typically beat in a coordinated, whip-like manner to facilitate the flow and clearance of fluids along the cell surface. Defects in formation and function of motile cilia result in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a genetically heterogeneous disorder with a well-characterized phenotype but no effective treatment. A number of model systems, ranging from unicellular eukaryotes to mammals, have provided information about the genetics, biochemistry, and structure of motile cilia. However, with remarkable resources available for genetic manipulation and developmental, pathological, and physiological analysis of phenotype, the mouse has risen to the forefront of understanding mammalian motile cilia and modeling PCD. This is evidenced by a large number of relevant mouse lines and an extensive body of genetic and phenotypic data. More recently, application of innovative cell biological techniques to these models has enabled substantial advancement in elucidating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the biogenesis and function of mammalian motile cilia. In this article, we will review genetic and cell biological studies of motile cilia in mouse models and their contributions to our understanding of motile cilia and PCD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lance Lee
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
| | - Lawrence E Ostrowski
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Li Y, Guo F, Jing Q, Zhu X, Yan X. Characterisation of centriole biogenesis during multiciliation in planarians. Biol Cell 2020; 112:398-408. [PMID: 32776587 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Dense multicilia in protozoa and metazoa generate a strong force important for locomotion and extracellular fluid flow. During ciliogenesis, multiciliated cells produce hundreds of centrioles to serve as basal bodies through various pathways including deuterosome-dependent (DD), hyper-activated mother centriole-dependent (MCD) and basal bodydependent (BBD) pathways. The centrosome-free planarian Schmidtea mediterranea is widely used for regeneration studies because its neoblasts are capable of regenerating any body part after injury. However, it is currently unclear how the flatworms generate massive centrioles for multiciliated cells in the pharynx and body epidermis when their cells are initially centriole-free. RESULTS In this study, we investigate the progress of centriole amplification during the pharynx regeneration. We observe that the planarian pharyngeal epithelial cells generate their centrioles asynchronously through a de novo pathway. Most of the de novo centrioles are formed individually, whereas the remaining ones are assembled in pairs, possibly by sharing a cartwheel, or in small clusters lacking a nucleation center. Further RNAi experiments show that the known key factors of centriole duplication, including Cep152, Plk4 and Sas6, are crucial for the centriole amplification. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE Our study demonstrates the distinct process of massive centriole biogenesis in S. mediterranea and helps to understand the diversity of centriole biogenesis during evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fanghao Guo
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Jing
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Zahid M, Feinstein TN, Oro A, Schwartz M, Lee AD, Lo CW. Rapid Ex-Vivo Ciliogenesis and Dose-Dependent Effect of Notch Inhibition on Ciliogenesis of Respiratory Epithelia. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1182. [PMID: 32823934 PMCID: PMC7464104 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cilia are actin based cellular protrusions conserved from algae to complex multicellular organisms like Homo sapiens. Respiratory motile cilia line epithelial cells of the tracheobronchial tree, beat in a synchronous, metachronal wave, moving inhaled pollutants and pathogens cephalad. Their role in both congenital disorders like primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) to acquired disorders like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continues to evolve. In this current body of work we outline a protocol optimized to reciliate human nasal epithelial cells and mouse tracheal cells in vitro. Using this protocol, we knocked down known cilia genes, as well as use a small molecule inhibitor of Notch, N-[N-(3,5-Difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl Ester (DAPT), to assess the effect of these on ciliogenesis in order to show the validity of our protocol. Methods: Tracheas were harvested from wild-type, adult C57B6 mice, pronase digested and sloughed off epithelial cells grown to confluence in stationary culture on rat-tail collagen coated wells. Upon reaching confluence, collagen was digested and cells placed suspension culture protocol to reciliate the cells. Using this suspension culture protocol, we employed siRNA gene knockdown to assay gene functions required for airway ciliogenesis. Knock down of Dynein axonemal heavy chain 5 (Dnah5), a ciliary structural protein, was confirmed using immunostaining. Mouse tracheal cells were treated in suspension with varying doses of DAPT, an inhibitor of Notch, with the purpose of evaluating its effect and dose response on ciliogenesis. The optimum dose was then used on reciliating human nasal epithelial cells. Results: siRNA knockdown of Foxj1 prevented ciliation, consistent with its role as a master regulator of motile cilia. Knockdown of Dnai1 and Dnah5 resulted in immotile cilia, and Cand1 knockdown, a centrosome protein known to regulate centrosome amplification, inhibited airway ciliogenesis. Dnah5 knockdown was confirmed with significantly decreased immunostaining of cilia for this protein. Inhibiting Notch signaling by inhibiting gamma secretase with DAPT enhanced the percentage of ciliation, and resulted in longer cilia that beat with higher frequency in both mouse and human airway epithelia. Conclusions: Modifying existing reciliation protocols to suit both human nasal epithelial and mouse tracheal tissue, we have shown that knockdown of known cilia-related genes have the expected effects. Additionally, we have demonstrated the optimal dosage for significantly improving reciliation of airway epithelia using DAPT. Given that cilia length and function are significantly compromised in COPD, these findings open up interesting avenues for further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cecilia W. Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 530 45th St, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA; (M.Z.); (T.N.F.); (A.O.); (M.S.); (A.D.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Bustamante-Marin XM, Horani A, Stoyanova M, Charng WL, Bottier M, Sears PR, Yin WN, Daniels LA, Bowen H, Conrad DF, Knowles MR, Ostrowski LE, Zariwala MA, Dutcher SK. Mutation of CFAP57, a protein required for the asymmetric targeting of a subset of inner dynein arms in Chlamydomonas, causes primary ciliary dyskinesia. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008691. [PMID: 32764743 PMCID: PMC7444499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is characterized by chronic airway disease, reduced fertility, and randomization of the left/right body axis. It is caused by defects of motile cilia and sperm flagella. We screened a cohort of affected individuals that lack an obvious axonemal defect for pathogenic variants using whole exome capture, next generation sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis assuming an autosomal recessive trait. We identified one subject with an apparently homozygous nonsense variant [(c.1762C>T), p.(Arg588*)] in the uncharacterized CFAP57 gene. Interestingly, the variant results in the skipping of exon 11 (58 amino acids), which may be due to disruption of an exonic splicing enhancer. In normal human nasal epithelial cells, CFAP57 localizes throughout the ciliary axoneme. Nasal cells from the PCD patient express a shorter, mutant version of CFAP57 and the protein is not incorporated into the axoneme. The missing 58 amino acids include portions of WD repeats that may be important for loading onto the intraflagellar transport (IFT) complexes for transport or docking onto the axoneme. A reduced beat frequency and an alteration in ciliary waveform was observed. Knockdown of CFAP57 in human tracheobronchial epithelial cells (hTECs) recapitulates these findings. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CFAP57 is highly conserved in organisms that assemble motile cilia. CFAP57 is allelic with the BOP2/IDA8/FAP57 gene identified previously in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Two independent, insertional fap57 Chlamydomonas mutant strains show reduced swimming velocity and altered waveforms. Tandem mass tag (TMT) mass spectroscopy shows that FAP57 is missing, and the "g" inner dyneins (DHC7 and DHC3) and the "d" inner dynein (DHC2) are reduced, but the FAP57 paralog FBB7 is increased. Together, our data identify a homozygous variant in CFAP57 that causes PCD that is likely due to a defect in the inner dynein arm assembly process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ximena M. Bustamante-Marin
- Department of Medicine, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Amjad Horani
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Mihaela Stoyanova
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Wu-Lin Charng
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Mathieu Bottier
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Patrick R. Sears
- Department of Medicine, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Wei-Ning Yin
- Department of Medicine, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Leigh Anne Daniels
- Department of Medicine, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Hailey Bowen
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Donald F. Conrad
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Knowles
- Department of Medicine, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lawrence E. Ostrowski
- Department of Medicine, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Maimoona A. Zariwala
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and the Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Susan K. Dutcher
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zheng J, Wang J, Duan S, Zhang W, Yan X, Zhu X. Vertebrate Dynein-f depends on Wdr78 for axonemal localization and is essential for ciliary beat. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:383-394. [PMID: 30060180 PMCID: PMC7727262 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjy043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Motile cilia and flagella are microtubule-based organelles important for cell locomotion and extracellular liquid flow through beating. Although axonenal dyneins that drive ciliary beat have been extensively studied in unicellular Chlamydomonas, to what extent such knowledge can be applied to vertebrate is poorly known. In Chlamydomonas, Dynein-f controls flagellar waveforms but is dispensable for beating. The flagellar assembly of its heavy chains (HCs) requires its intermediate chain (IC) IC140 but not IC138. Here we show that, unlike its Chlamydomonas counterpart, vertebrate Dynein-f is essential for ciliary beat. We confirmed that Wdr78 is the vertebrate orthologue of IC138. Wdr78 associated with Dynein-f subunits such as Dnah2 (a HC) and Wdr63 (IC140 orthologue). It was expressed as a motile cilium-specific protein in mammalian cells. Depletion of Wdr78 or Dnah2 by RNAi paralyzed mouse ependymal cilia. Zebrafish Wdr78 morphants displayed ciliopathy-related phenotypes, such as curved bodies, hydrocephalus, abnormal otolith, randomized left-right asymmetry, and pronephric cysts, accompanied with paralyzed pronephric cilia. Furthermore, all the HCs and ICs of Dynein-f failed to localize in the Wdr78-depleted mouse ependymal cilia. Therefore, both the functions and subunit dependency of Dynein-f are altered in evolution, probably to comply with ciliary roles in higher organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yawen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Shichao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiumin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Arora K, Lund JR, Naren NA, Zingarelli B, Naren AP. AC6 regulates the microtubule-depolymerizing kinesin KIF19A to control ciliary length in mammals. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14250-14259. [PMID: 32683324 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Motile cilia are hairlike structures that line the respiratory and reproductive tracts and the middle ear and generate fluid flow in these organs via synchronized beating. Cilium growth is a highly regulated process that is assumed to be important for flow generation. Recently, Kif19a, a kinesin residing at the cilia tip, was identified to be essential for ciliary length control through its microtubule depolymerization function. However, there is a lack of information on the nature of proteins and the integrated signaling mechanism regulating growth of motile cilia. Here, we report that adenylate cyclase 6 (AC6), a highly abundant AC isoform in airway epithelial cells, inhibits degradation of Kif19a by inhibiting autophagy, a cellular recycling mechanism for damaged proteins and organelles. Using epithelium-specific knockout mice of AC6, we demonstrated that AC6 knockout airway epithelial cells have longer cilia compared with the WT cells because of decreased Kif19a protein levels in the cilia. We demonstrated in vitro that AC6 inhibits AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), an important modulator of cellular energy-conserving mechanisms, and uncouples its binding with ciliary kinesin Kif19a. In the absence of AC6, activation of AMPK mobilizes Kif19a into autophagosomes for degradation in airway epithelial cells. Lower Kif19a levels upon pharmacological activation of AMPK in airway epithelial cells correlated with elongated cilia and vice versa. In all, the AC6-AMPK pathway, which is tunable to cellular cues, could potentially serve as one of the crucial ciliary growth checkpoints and could be channeled to develop therapeutic interventions for cilia-associated disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavisha Arora
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - John R Lund
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Nevin A Naren
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Basilia Zingarelli
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Anjaparavanda P Naren
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Nicholas TP, Haick AK, Workman TW, Griffith WC, Nolin JD, Kavanagh TJ, Faustman EM, Altemeier WA. The effects of genotype × phenotype interactions on silver nanoparticle toxicity in organotypic cultures of murine tracheal epithelial cells. Nanotoxicology 2020; 14:908-928. [PMID: 32574512 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1777475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are used in multiple applications but primarily in the manufacturing of antimicrobial products. Previous studies have identified AgNP toxicity in airway epithelial cells, but no in vitro studies to date have used organotypic cultures as a high-content in vitro model of the conducting airway to characterize the effects of interactions between host genetic and acquired factors, or gene × phenotype interactions (G × P), on AgNP toxicity. In the present study, we derived organotypic cultures from primary murine tracheal epithelial cells (MTEC) to characterize nominal and dosimetric dose-response relationships for AgNPs with a gold core on barrier dysfunction, glutathione (GSH) depletion, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation, and cytotoxicity across two genotypes (A/J and C57BL/6J mice), two phenotypes ('Normal' and 'Type 2 [T2]-Skewed'), and two exposures (an acute exposure of 24 h and a subacute exposure of 4 h, every other day, over 5 days [5 × 4 h]). We characterized the 'T2-Skewed' phenotype as an in vitro model of chronic respiratory diseases, which was marked by increased sensitivity to AgNP-induced barrier dysfunction, GSH depletion, ROS production, lipid peroxidation, and cytotoxicity, suggesting that asthmatics are a sensitive population to AgNP exposures in occupational settings. This also suggests that exposure limits, which should be based upon the most sensitive population, should be derived using in vitro and in vivo models of chronic respiratory diseases. This study highlights the importance of considering dosimetry as well as G × P effects when screening and prioritizing potential respiratory toxicants. Such in vitro studies can be used to inform regulatory policy aimed at special protections for all populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler P Nicholas
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anoria K Haick
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tomomi W Workman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William C Griffith
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James D Nolin
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Terrance J Kavanagh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elaine M Faustman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William A Altemeier
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Major J, Crotta S, Llorian M, McCabe TM, Gad HH, Priestnall SL, Hartmann R, Wack A. Type I and III interferons disrupt lung epithelial repair during recovery from viral infection. Science 2020; 369:712-717. [PMID: 32527928 PMCID: PMC7292500 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc2061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are central to antiviral immunity. Viral recognition elicits IFN production, which in turn triggers the transcription of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), which engage in various antiviral functions. Type I IFNs (IFN-α and IFN-β) are widely expressed and can result in immunopathology during viral infections. By contrast, type III IFN (IFN-λ) responses are primarily restricted to mucosal surfaces and are thought to confer antiviral protection without driving damaging proinflammatory responses. Accordingly, IFN-λ has been proposed as a therapeutic in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other such viral respiratory diseases (see the Perspective by Grajales-Reyes and Colonna). Broggi et al. report that COVID-19 patient morbidity correlates with the high expression of type I and III IFNs in the lung. Furthermore, IFN-λ secreted by dendritic cells in the lungs of mice exposed to synthetic viral RNA causes damage to the lung epithelium, which increases susceptibility to lethal bacterial superinfections. Similarly, using a mouse model of influenza infection, Major et al. found that IFN signaling (especially IFN-λ) hampers lung repair by inducing p53 and inhibiting epithelial proliferation and differentiation. Complicating this picture, Hadjadj et al. observed that peripheral blood immune cells from severe and critical COVID-19 patients have diminished type I IFN and enhanced proinflammatory interleukin-6– and tumor necrosis factor-α–fueled responses. This suggests that in contrast to local production, systemic production of IFNs may be beneficial. The results of this trio of studies suggest that the location, timing, and duration of IFN exposure are critical parameters underlying the success or failure of therapeutics for viral respiratory infections. Science, this issue p. 706, p. 712, p. 718; see also p. 626 Excessive cytokine signaling frequently exacerbates lung tissue damage during respiratory viral infection. Type I (IFN-α and IFN-β) and III (IFN-λ) interferons are host-produced antiviral cytokines. Prolonged IFN-α and IFN-β responses can lead to harmful proinflammatory effects, whereas IFN-λ mainly signals in epithelia, thereby inducing localized antiviral immunity. In this work, we show that IFN signaling interferes with lung repair during influenza recovery in mice, with IFN-λ driving these effects most potently. IFN-induced protein p53 directly reduces epithelial proliferation and differentiation, which increases disease severity and susceptibility to bacterial superinfections. Thus, excessive or prolonged IFN production aggravates viral infection by impairing lung epithelial regeneration. Timing and duration are therefore critical parameters of endogenous IFN action and should be considered carefully for IFN therapeutic strategies against viral infections such as influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Major
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Stefania Crotta
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Miriam Llorian
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Teresa M McCabe
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Hans Henrik Gad
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK.,Experimental Histopathology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Rune Hartmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas Wack
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Zazara DE, Wegmann M, Giannou AD, Hierweger AM, Alawi M, Thiele K, Huber S, Pincus M, Muntau AC, Solano ME, Arck PC. A prenatally disrupted airway epithelium orchestrates the fetal origin of asthma in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145:1641-1654. [PMID: 32305348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal challenges such as maternal stress perception increase the risk and severity of asthma during childhood. However, insights into the trajectories and targets underlying the pathogenesis of prenatally triggered asthma are largely unknown. The developing lung and immune system may constitute such targets. OBJECTIVE Here we have aimed to identify the differential sex-specific effects of prenatal challenges on lung function, immune response, and asthma severity in mice. METHODS We generated bone marrow chimeric (BMC) mice harboring either prenatally stress-exposed lungs or a prenatally stress-exposed immune (hematopoietic) system and induced allergic asthma via ovalbumin. Next-generation sequencing (RNA sequencing) of lungs and assessment of airway epithelial barrier function in ovalbumin-sensitized control and prenatally stressed offspring was also performed. RESULTS Profoundly enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and fibrosis were exclusively present in female BMC mice with prenatally stress-exposed lungs. These effects were significantly perpetuated if both the lungs and the immune system had been exposed to prenatal stress. A prenatally stress-exposed immune system alone did not suffice to increase the severity of these asthma features. RNA sequencing analysis of lungs from prenatally stressed, non-BMC, ovalbumin-sensitized females unveiled a deregulated expression of genes involved in asthma pathogenesis, tissue remodeling, and tight junction formation. It was also possible to independently confirm a tight junction disruption. In line with this, we identified an altered perinatal and/or postnatal expression of genes involved in lung development along with an impaired alveolarization in female prenatally stressed mice. CONCLUSION Here we have shown that the fetal origin of asthma is orchestrated by a disrupted airway epithelium and further perpetuated by a predisposed immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra E Zazara
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wegmann
- Division of Asthma Exacerbation & Regulation, Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Leibniz Lung Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Borstel, Germany
| | - Anastasios D Giannou
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Maximiliane Hierweger
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute for Immunology, Center for Diagnostics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malik Alawi
- Bioinformatics Core, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Thiele
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maike Pincus
- Pediatrics and Pediatric Pneumology Practice, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ania C Muntau
- University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Emilia Solano
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra C Arck
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Eder S, Bailey LD, Müller K. Equilibration in freezing extender alters in vitro sperm-oviduct binding in the domestic cat (Felis catus). Theriogenology 2020; 149:79-87. [PMID: 32247216 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
For the preservation of endangered felid species, epididymal sperm may be received from valuable individuals after castration or death and they need to be cryopreserved for storage. However, pregnancy rates with epididymal or cryopreserved sperm are lower than with ejaculated and non-frozen semen even if insemination is surgically performed into the oviduct. To investigate whether equilibration, the first step of the cryopreservation procedure, has an impact on sperm-oviduct binding, we generated oviduct epithelial cell vesicles from isthmus segments of preovulatory domestic cats. Binding assays were performed with epididymal sperm in a cell culture medium (M199) without supplements, or after cooling to 15 °C in a freezing extender (TestG), supplemented with glycerol and the water-soluble fraction of hen's egg yolk mainly comprising LDL. The sperm-oviduct binding was assessed both quantitatively and qualitatively (head or tail binding of sperm with active or inactive mitochondria). Most of the bound sperm prepared in M199 had active mitochondria and were attached to the vesicles by their heads. In equilibrated samples, the proportion of bound sperm with active mitochondria and the proportion of head-bound spermatozoa were reduced. The total motility of the sperm after 1 h of incubation in the absence or presence of vesicles were also affected by the preparation (higher in equilibrated) and the incubation (lower in co-incubated), while mitochondrial activity was influenced just by the preparation. Obviously, LDL has a beneficial effect on sperm motility, but we suggest that it interferes with the molecular sperm-oviduct crosstalk and causes a reduced binding of "good" sperm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Eder
- Department of Reproduction Biology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str.17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Liam D Bailey
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str.17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin Müller
- Department of Reproduction Biology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str.17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Yin W, Livraghi-Butrico A, Sears PR, Rogers TD, Burns KA, Grubb BR, Ostrowski LE. Mice with a Deletion of Rsph1 Exhibit a Low Level of Mucociliary Clearance and Develop a Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Phenotype. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 61:312-321. [PMID: 30896965 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0387oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous disease caused by mutations in over 40 different genes. Individuals with PCD caused by mutations in RSPH1 (radial spoke head 1 homolog) have been reported to have a milder phenotype than other individuals with PCD, as evidenced by a lower incidence of neonatal respiratory distress, higher nasal nitric oxide concentrations, and better lung function. To better understand genotype-phenotype relationships in PCD, we have characterized a mutant mouse model with a deletion of Rsph1. Approximately 50% of cilia from Rsph1-/- cells appeared normal by transmission EM, whereas the remaining cilia revealed a range of defects, primarily transpositions or a missing central pair. Ciliary beat frequency in Rsph1-/- cells was significantly lower than in control cells (20.2 ± 0.8 vs. 25.0 ± 0.9 Hz), and the cilia exhibited an aberrant rotational waveform. Young Rsph1-/- animals demonstrated a low rate of mucociliary clearance in the nasopharynx that was reduced to zero by about 1 month of age. Rsph1-/- animals accumulated mucus in the nasal cavity but had a lower bacterial burden than animals with a deletion of dynein axonemal intermediate chain 1 (Dnaic1-/-). Thus, Rsph1-/- mice display a PCD phenotype similar to but less severe than that observed in Dnaic1-/- mice, similar to what has been observed in humans. The results suggest that some individuals with PCD may not have a complete loss of mucociliary clearance and further suggest that early diagnosis and intervention may be important to maintain this low amount of clearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weining Yin
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Alessandra Livraghi-Butrico
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Patrick R Sears
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Troy D Rogers
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kimberlie A Burns
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Barbara R Grubb
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Lawrence E Ostrowski
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Chen S, Schoen J. Air-liquid interface cell culture: From airway epithelium to the female reproductive tract. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 54 Suppl 3:38-45. [PMID: 31512315 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The air-liquid interface (ALI) approach is primarily used to mimic respiratory tract epithelia in vitro. It is also known to support excellent differentiation of 3D multilayered skin models. To establish an ALI culture, epithelial cells are seeded into compartmentalized culture systems on porous filter supports or gel substrata. After an initial propagation period, the culture medium is removed from the apical side of the epithelium, exposing the cells to the surrounding air. Therefore, nutritive supply to the cells is warranted only by the basolateral cell pole. Under these conditions, the epithelial cells differentiate and regain full baso-apical polarity. Some types of epithelia even generate in vivo-like apical fluid or mucus. Interestingly, the ALI culture approach has also been shown to support morphological and functional differentiation of epithelial cells that are not normally exposed to ambient air in vivo. This review aims at giving a brief overview on the characteristics of ALI cultures in general and ALI models of female reproductive tract epithelia in particular. We discuss the applicability of ALI models for the investigation of the early embryonic microenvironment and for its implications in assisted reproductive technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Chen
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schoen
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Kathiriya JJ, Brumwell AN, Jackson JR, Tang X, Chapman HA. Distinct Airway Epithelial Stem Cells Hide among Club Cells but Mobilize to Promote Alveolar Regeneration. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:346-358.e4. [PMID: 31978363 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lung injury activates specialized adult epithelial progenitors to regenerate the epithelium. Depending on the extent of injury, both remaining alveolar type II cells (AEC2s) and distal airway stem/progenitors mobilize to cover denuded alveoli and restore normal barriers. The major source of airway stem/progenitors other than basal-like cells remains uncertain. Here, we define a distinct subpopulation (∼5%) of club-like lineage-negative epithelial progenitors (LNEPs) marked by high H2-K1 expression critical for alveolar repair. Quiescent H2-K1high cells account for virtually all in vitro regenerative activity of airway lineages. After bleomycin injury, H2-K1 cells expand and differentiate in vivo to alveolar lineages. However, injured H2-K1 cells eventually develop impaired self-renewal with features of senescence, limiting complete repair. Normal H2-K1high cells transplanted into injured lungs differentiate into alveolar cells and rescue lung function. These findings indicate that small subpopulations of specialized stem/progenitors are required for effective lung regeneration and are a potential therapeutic adjunct after major lung injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaymin J Kathiriya
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alexis N Brumwell
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Julia R Jackson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Xiaodan Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Pulmonary Disease, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Harold A Chapman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Ualiyeva S, Hallen N, Kanaoka Y, Ledderose C, Matsumoto I, Junger W, Barrett N, Bankova L. Airway brush cells generate cysteinyl leukotrienes through the ATP sensor P2Y2. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/43/eaax7224. [PMID: 31953256 PMCID: PMC7176051 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aax7224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemosensory epithelial cells (EpCs) are specialized cells that promote innate type 2 immunity and protective neurally mediated reflexes in the airway. Their effector programs and modes of activation are not fully understood. Here, we define the transcriptional signature of two choline acetyltransferase-expressing nasal EpC populations. They are found in the respiratory and olfactory mucosa and express key chemosensory cell genes including the transcription factor Pou2f3, the cation channel Trpm5, and the cytokine Il25 Moreover, these cells share a core transcriptional signature with chemosensory cells from intestine, trachea and thymus, and cluster with tracheal brush cells (BrCs) independently from other respiratory EpCs, indicating that they are part of the brush/tuft cell family. Both nasal BrC subsets express high levels of transcripts encoding cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT) biosynthetic enzymes. In response to ionophore, unfractionated nasal BrCs generate CysLTs at levels exceeding that of the adjacent hematopoietic cells isolated from naïve mucosa. Among activating receptors, BrCs express the purinergic receptor P2Y2. Accordingly, the epithelial stress signal ATP and aeroallergens that elicit ATP release trigger BrC CysLT generation, which is mediated by the P2Y2 receptor. ATP- and aeroallergen-elicited CysLT generation in the nasal lavage is reduced in mice lacking Pou2f3, a requisite transcription factor for BrC development. Last, aeroallergen-induced airway eosinophilia is reduced in BrC-deficient mice. These results identify a previously undescribed BrC sensor and effector pathway leading to generation of lipid mediators in response to luminal signals. Further, they suggest that BrC sensing of local damage may provide an important sentinel immune function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Ualiyeva
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - N. Hallen
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Y. Kanaoka
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - C. Ledderose
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - W. Junger
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - N.A. Barrett
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - L.G. Bankova
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Infection of Human Tracheal Epithelial Cells by H5 Avian Influenza Virus Is Regulated by the Acid Stability of Hemagglutinin and the pH of Target Cell Endosomes. Viruses 2020; 12:v12010082. [PMID: 31936692 PMCID: PMC7019350 DOI: 10.3390/v12010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the possible relationships between tracheal infection and concomitant infection of the terminal part of the lower respiratory tract (bronchioles/alveoli), the behavior of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), such as H5N1, in the conducting airways is unclear. To examine the tropism of AIVs for cells lining the conducting airways of humans, we established human tracheal epithelial cell clones (HTEpC-Ts) and examined their susceptibility to infection by AIVs. The HTEpC-Ts showed differing susceptibility to H5N1 and non-zoonotic AIVs. Viral receptors expressed by HTEpC-Ts bound all viruses; however, the endosomal pH was associated with the overall susceptibility to infection by AIVs. Moreover, H5N1 hemagglutinin broadened viral tropism to include HTEpC-Ts, because it had a higher pH threshold for viral-cell membrane fusion. Thus, H5N1 viruses infect human tracheal epithelial cells as a result of their higher pH threshold for membrane fusion which may be one mechanism underlying H5N1 pathogenesis in human airway epithelia. Efficient replication of H5N1 in the conducting airways of humans may facilitate infection of the lower respiratory tract.
Collapse
|
85
|
Nicholas TP, Haick AK, Bammler TK, Workman TW, Kavanagh TJ, Faustman EM, Gharib SA, Altemeier WA. The Effects of Genotype × Phenotype Interactions on Transcriptional Response to Silver Nanoparticle Toxicity in Organotypic Cultures of Murine Tracheal Epithelial Cells. Toxicol Sci 2020; 173:131-143. [PMID: 31562762 PMCID: PMC6944213 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium is critical for maintaining innate and adaptive immune responses, and occupational exposures that disrupt its immune homeostasis may initiate and amplify airway inflammation. In our previous study, we demonstrated that silver nanoparticles (AgNP), which are engineered nanomaterials used in multiple applications but primarily in the manufacturing of many antimicrobial products, induce toxicity in organotypic cultures derived from murine tracheal epithelial cells (MTEC), and those differentiated toward a "Type 2 [T2]-Skewed" phenotype experienced an increased sensitivity to AgNP toxicity, suggesting that asthmatics could be a sensitive population to AgNP exposures in occupational settings. However, the mechanistic basis for this genotype × phenotype (G × P) interaction has yet to be defined. In this study, we conducted transcriptional profiling using RNA-sequencing to predict the enrichment of specific canonical pathways and upstream transcriptional regulators to assist in defining a mechanistic basis for G × P effects on AgNP toxicity. Organotypic cultures were derived from MTEC across 2 genetically inbred mouse strains (A/J and C57BL/6J mice), 2 phenotypes ("Normal" and "T2-Skewed"), and 1 AgNP exposure (an acute 24 h exposure) to characterize G × P effects on transcriptional response to AgNP toxicity. The "T2-Skewed" phenotype was marked by increased pro-inflammatory T17 responses to AgNP toxicity, which are significant predictors of neutrophilic/difficult-to-control asthma and suggests that asthmatics could be a sensitive population to AgNP exposures in occupational settings. This study highlights the importance of considering G × P effects when identifying these sensitive populations, whose underlying genetics or diseases could directly modify their response to AgNP exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler P Nicholas
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Anoria K Haick
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Theo K Bammler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences
| | | | - Terrance J Kavanagh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Sina A Gharib
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - William A Altemeier
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
SAHABANDU N, KONG D, MAGIDSON V, NANJUNDAPPA R, SULLENBERGER C, MAHJOUB M, LONCAREK J. Expansion microscopy for the analysis of centrioles and cilia. J Microsc 2019; 276:145-159. [PMID: 31691972 PMCID: PMC6972531 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Centrioles are vital cellular structures that organise centrosomes and cilia. Due to their subresolutional size, centriole ultrastructural features have been traditionally analysed by electron microscopy. Here we present an adaptation of magnified analysis of the proteome expansion microscopy method, to be used for a robust analysis of centriole number, duplication status, length, structural abnormalities and ciliation by conventional optical microscopes. The method allows the analysis of centriole's structural features from large populations of adherent and nonadherent cells and multiciliated cultures. We validate the method using EM and superresolution microscopy and show that it can be used as an affordable and reliable alternative to electron microscopy in the analysis of centrioles and cilia in various cell cultures. LAY DESCRIPTION: Centrioles are microtubule-based structures organised as ninefold symmetrical cylinders which are, in human cells, ∼500 nm long and ∼230 nm wide. Centrioles assemble dozens of proteins around them forming centrosomes, which nucleate microtubules and organise spindle poles in mitosis. Centrioles, in addition, assemble cilia and flagella, two critically important organelles for signalling and motility. Due to centriole small size, electron microscopy has been a major imaging technique for the analysis of their ultrastructural features. However, being technically demanding, electron microscopy it is not easily available to the researchers and it is rarely used to collect large datasets. Expansion microscopy is an emerging approach in which biological specimens are embedded in a swellable polymer and isotopically expanded several fold. Physical separation of cellular structures allows the analysis of, otherwise unresolvable, structures by conventional optical microscopes. We present an adaptation of expansion microscopy approach, specifically developed for a robust analysis of centrioles and cilia. Our protocol can be used for the analysis of centriole number, duplication status, length, localisation of various centrosomal components and ciliation from large populations of cultured adherent and nonadherent cells and multiciliated cultures. We validate the method against electron microscopy and superresolution microscopy and demonstrate that it can be used as an accessible and reliable alternative to electron microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. SAHABANDU
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and SignalingNIH/NCI/CCRFrederickMarylandU.S.A.
| | - D. KONG
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and SignalingNIH/NCI/CCRFrederickMarylandU.S.A.
| | - V. MAGIDSON
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis LaboratoryFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMarylandU.S.A.
| | - R. NANJUNDAPPA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineWashington UniversitySt LouisMissouriU.S.A.
| | - C. SULLENBERGER
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and SignalingNIH/NCI/CCRFrederickMarylandU.S.A.
| | - M.R. MAHJOUB
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineWashington UniversitySt LouisMissouriU.S.A.
| | - J. LONCAREK
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and SignalingNIH/NCI/CCRFrederickMarylandU.S.A.
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Jeong Y, Hellyer JA, Stehr H, Hoang NT, Niu X, Das M, Padda SK, Ramchandran K, Neal JW, Wakelee H, Diehn M. Role of KEAP1/NFE2L2 Mutations in the Chemotherapeutic Response of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 26:274-281. [PMID: 31548347 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Activation of NFE2L2 has been linked to chemoresistance in cell line models. Recently, somatic mutations that activate NFE2L2, including mutations in NFE2L2, KEAP1, or CUL3, have been found to be associated with poor outcomes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the impact of these mutations on chemoresistance remains incompletely explored. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We investigated the effect of Keap1 deletion on chemoresistance in cell lines from Trp53-based mouse models of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Separately, we identified 51 patients with stage IV NSCLC with KEAP1, NFE2L2, or CUL3 mutations and a matched cohort of 52 wild-type patients. Time to treatment failure after first-line platinum doublet chemotherapy and overall survival was compared between the two groups. RESULTS Deletion of Keap1 in Trp53-null murine LUAD and LSCC resulted in increased clonogenic survival upon treatment with diverse cytotoxic chemotherapies. In patients with NSCLC, median time to treatment failure (TTF) after first-line chemotherapy for the KEAP1/NFE2L2/CUL3-mutant cohort was 2.8 months compared with 8.3 months in the control group (P < 0.0001). Median overall survival (OS) was 11.2 months in the KEAP1/NFE2L2/CUL3-mutant group and 36.8 months in the control group (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Keap1 deletion confers chemoresistance in murine lung cancer cells. Patients with metastatic NSCLC with mutations in KEAP1, NFE2L2, or CUL3 have shorter TTF and OS after first-line platinum doublet chemotherapy compared with matched controls. Novel approaches for improving outcomes in this subset of patients with NSCLC are therefore needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youngtae Jeong
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jessica A Hellyer
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Henning Stehr
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ngoc T Hoang
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California
| | - Xiaomin Niu
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Millie Das
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Sukhmani K Padda
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Kavitha Ramchandran
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Joel W Neal
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Heather Wakelee
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
| | - Maximilian Diehn
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. .,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Fujino N, Brand OJ, Morgan DJ, Fujimori T, Grabiec AM, Jagger CP, Maciewicz RA, Yamada M, Itakura K, Sugiura H, Ichinose M, Hussell T. Sensing of apoptotic cells through Axl causes lung basal cell proliferation in inflammatory diseases. J Exp Med 2019; 216:2184-2201. [PMID: 31289116 PMCID: PMC6719415 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell proliferation, division, and differentiation are critical for barrier repair following inflammation, but the initial trigger for this process is unknown. Here we define that sensing of apoptotic cells by the TAM receptor tyrosine kinase Axl is a critical indicator for tracheal basal cell expansion, cell cycle reentry, and symmetrical cell division. Furthermore, once the pool of tracheal basal cells has expanded, silencing of Axl is required for their differentiation. Genetic depletion of Axl triggers asymmetrical cell division, leading to epithelial differentiation and ciliated cell regeneration. This discovery has implications for conditions associated with epithelial barrier dysfunction, basal cell hyperplasia, and continued turnover of dying cells in patients with chronic inflammatory pulmonary diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Fujino
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Oliver J Brand
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David J Morgan
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Toshifumi Fujimori
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Aleksander M Grabiec
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Christopher P Jagger
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rose A Maciewicz
- Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mitsuhiro Yamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koji Itakura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Sugiura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ichinose
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Schwartz CM, Stack J, Hill CL, Lallier SW, Chiang T, Johnson J, Reynolds SD. Electrospun scaffolds limit the regenerative potential of the airway epithelium. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2019; 4:446-454. [PMID: 31453356 PMCID: PMC6703117 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Significant morbidity and mortality are associated with clinical use of synthetic tissue‐engineered tracheal grafts (TETG). Our previous work focused on an electrospun polyethylene terephthalate and polyurethane (PET/PU) TETG that was tested in sheep using a long‐segment tracheal defect model. We reported that graft stenosis and limited epithelialization contributed to graft failure. The present study determined if the epithelialization defect could be attributed to: 1) postsurgical depletion of native airway basal stem/progenitor cells; 2) an inability of the PET/PU‐TETG to support epithelial migration; or 3) compromised basal stem/progenitor cell proliferation within the PET/PU environment. Study Design Experimental. Methods Basal stem/progenitor cell frequency in sheep that underwent TETG implantation was determined using the clone‐forming cell frequency (CFCF) method. A novel migration model that mimics epithelial migration toward an acellular scaffold was developed and used to compare epithelial migration toward a control polyester scaffold and the PET/PU scaffold. Basal stem/progenitor cell proliferation within the PET/PU scaffold was evaluated using the CFCF assay, doubling‐time analysis, and mitotic cell quantification. Results We report that TETG implantation did not decrease basal stem/progenitor cell frequency. In contrast, we find that epithelial migration toward the PET/PU scaffold was significantly less extensive than migration toward a polyester scaffold and that the PET/PU scaffold did not support basal stem/progenitor cell proliferation. Conclusions We conclude that epithelialization of a PET/PU scaffold is compromised by poor migration of native tissue‐derived epithelial cells and by a lack of basal stem/progenitor cell proliferation within the scaffold. Level of Evidence NA
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob Stack
- Center for Perinatal Research Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio U.S.A
| | - Cynthia L Hill
- Center for Perinatal Research Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio U.S.A
| | - Scott W Lallier
- Center for Perinatal Research Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio U.S.A
| | - Tendy Chiang
- College of Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio U.S.A.,Center for Regenerative Medicine Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio U.S.A.,Department of Otolaryngology Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio U.S.A
| | | | - Susan D Reynolds
- Center for Perinatal Research Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Bradley KC, Finsterbusch K, Schnepf D, Crotta S, Llorian M, Davidson S, Fuchs SY, Staeheli P, Wack A. Microbiota-Driven Tonic Interferon Signals in Lung Stromal Cells Protect from Influenza Virus Infection. Cell Rep 2019; 28:245-256.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
91
|
Lalioti ME, Arbi M, Loukas I, Kaplani K, Kalogeropoulou A, Lokka G, Kyrousi C, Mizi A, Georgomanolis T, Josipovic N, Gkikas D, Benes V, Politis PK, Papantonis A, Lygerou Z, Taraviras S. GemC1 governs multiciliogenesis through direct interaction with and transcriptional regulation of p73. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.228684. [PMID: 31028178 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.228684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A distinct combination of transcription factors elicits the acquisition of a specific fate and the initiation of a differentiation program. Multiciliated cells (MCCs) are a specialized type of epithelial cells that possess dozens of motile cilia on their apical surface. Defects in cilia function have been associated with ciliopathies that affect many organs, including brain and airway epithelium. Here we show that the geminin coiled-coil domain-containing protein 1 GemC1 (also known as Lynkeas) regulates the transcriptional activation of p73, a transcription factor central to multiciliogenesis. Moreover, we show that GemC1 acts in a trimeric complex with transcription factor E2F5 and tumor protein p73 (officially known as TP73), and that this complex is important for the activation of the p73 promoter. We also provide in vivo evidence that GemC1 is necessary for p73 expression in different multiciliated epithelia. We further show that GemC1 regulates multiciliogenesis through the control of chromatin organization, and the epigenetic marks/tags of p73 and Foxj 1. Our results highlight novel signaling cues involved in the commitment program of MCCs across species and tissues.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Eleni Lalioti
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Marina Arbi
- Department of General Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Ioannis Loukas
- Department of General Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Konstantina Kaplani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Argyro Kalogeropoulou
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Georgia Lokka
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Christina Kyrousi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Athanasia Mizi
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Theodore Georgomanolis
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Natasa Josipovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Gkikas
- Department of Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Vladimir Benes
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Core Facilities and Services, Meyerhofstraße 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Panagiotis K Politis
- Department of Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Argyris Papantonis
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zoi Lygerou
- Department of General Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Stavros Taraviras
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
van Soldt BJ, Qian J, Li J, Tang N, Lu J, Cardoso WV. Yap and its subcellular localization have distinct compartment-specific roles in the developing lung. Development 2019; 146:dev.175810. [PMID: 30944105 DOI: 10.1242/dev.175810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although the Hippo-yes-associated protein (Yap) pathway has been implicated in lung development, the specific roles for Yap and its nucleocytoplasmic shuttling in the developing airway and alveolar compartments remain elusive. Moreover, conflicting results from expression studies and differences in the lung phenotypes of Yap and Hippo kinase null mutants caused controversy over the dynamics and significance of Yap subcellular localization in the developing lung. Here, we show that the aberrant morphogenesis of Yap-deficient lungs results from the disruption of developmental events specifically in distal epithelial progenitors. We also show that activation of nuclear Yap is enough to fulfill the Yap requirements to rescue abnormalities in these lungs. Remarkably, we found that Yap nucleocytoplasmic shuttling is largely dispensable in epithelial progenitors for both branching morphogenesis and sacculation. However, if maintained transcriptionally active in airways, nuclear Yap profoundly alters proximal-distal identity and halts epithelial differentiation. Taken together, these observations provide novel insights into the crucial importance of Hippo-Yap signaling in the lung prenatally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J van Soldt
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care, and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jun Qian
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care, and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jiao Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Nan Tang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jining Lu
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care, and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Wellington V Cardoso
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care, and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Nanjundappa R, Kong D, Shim K, Stearns T, Brody SL, Loncarek J, Mahjoub MR. Regulation of cilia abundance in multiciliated cells. eLife 2019; 8:e44039. [PMID: 31025935 PMCID: PMC6504233 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiciliated cells (MCC) contain hundreds of motile cilia used to propel fluid over their surface. To template these cilia, each MCC produces between 100-600 centrioles by a process termed centriole amplification. Yet, how MCC regulate the precise number of centrioles and cilia remains unknown. Airway progenitor cells contain two parental centrioles (PC) and form structures called deuterosomes that nucleate centrioles during amplification. Using an ex vivo airway culture model, we show that ablation of PC does not perturb deuterosome formation and centriole amplification. In contrast, loss of PC caused an increase in deuterosome and centriole abundance, highlighting the presence of a compensatory mechanism. Quantification of centriole abundance in vitro and in vivo identified a linear relationship between surface area and centriole number. By manipulating cell size, we discovered that centriole number scales with surface area. Our results demonstrate that a cell-intrinsic surface area-dependent mechanism controls centriole and cilia abundance in multiciliated cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Nanjundappa
- Nephrology Division, Department of MedicineWashington UniversitySt LouisUnited States
| | - Dong Kong
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteFrederickUnited States
| | - Kyuhwan Shim
- Nephrology Division, Department of MedicineWashington UniversitySt LouisUnited States
| | - Tim Stearns
- Department of BiologyStanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Steven L Brody
- Pulmonary Division, Department of MedicineWashington UniversitySt LouisUnited States
| | - Jadranka Loncarek
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteFrederickUnited States
| | - Moe R Mahjoub
- Nephrology Division, Department of MedicineWashington UniversitySt LouisUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyWashington UniversitySt LouisUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Liu Z, Liao F, Scozzi D, Furuya Y, Pugh KN, Hachem R, Chen DL, Cano M, Green JM, Krupnick AS, Kreisel D, Perl AKT, Huang HJ, Brody SL, Gelman AE. An obligatory role for club cells in preventing obliterative bronchiolitis in lung transplants. JCI Insight 2019; 5:124732. [PMID: 30990794 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) is a poorly understood airway disease characterized by the generation of fibrotic bronchiolar occlusions. In the lung transplant setting, OB is a pathological manifestation of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), which is a major impediment to long-term recipient survival. Club cells play a key role in bronchiolar epithelial repair, but whether they promote lung transplant tolerance through preventing OB remains unclear. We determined if OB occurs in mouse orthotopic lung transplants following conditional transgene-targeted club cell depletion. In syngeneic lung transplants club cell depletion leads to transient epithelial injury followed by rapid club cell-mediated repair. In contrast, allogeneic lung transplants develop severe OB lesions and poorly regenerate club cells despite immunosuppression treatment. Lung allograft club cell ablation also triggers the recognition of alloantigens, and pulmonary restricted self-antigens reported associated with BOS development. However, CD8+ T cell depletion restores club cell reparative responses and prevents OB. In addition, ex-vivo analysis reveals a specific role for alloantigen-primed effector CD8+ T cells in preventing club cell proliferation and maintenance. Taken together, we demonstrate a vital role for club cells in maintaining lung transplant tolerance and propose a new model to identify the underlying mechanisms of OB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Liu
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuyi Liao
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Davide Scozzi
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Kaitlyn N Pugh
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jonathan M Green
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alexander S Krupnick
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anne Karina T Perl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Howard J Huang
- Houston Methodist J.C. Walter Jr. Transplant Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Andrew E Gelman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Nakamura R, Katsuno T, Kitamura M, Yamashita M, Tsuji T, Suzuki R, Kishimoto Y, Suehiro A, Tateya I, Nakamura T, Omori K. Collagen sponge scaffolds containing growth factors for the functional regeneration of tracheal epithelium. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:835-845. [PMID: 30808067 DOI: 10.1002/term.2835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tracheal epithelia have barrier and mucociliary clearance functions that prevent invasion of extraneous particles and infectious materials. Hence, following tracheal reconstructions, functional and morphological regeneration of epithelia is required to prevent respiratory declines and infectious diseases. Although growth factors (GFs) promote the regeneration of tracheal epithelial morphologies, it remains unclear whether tracheal grafts containing GFs are beneficial for regeneration of tracheal epithelial functions. Thus, we fabricated collagen sponge scaffolds containing insulin-like GF-1 (IGF-1) and the basic fibroblast, hepatocyte, and epidermal GFs (bFGFs, HGFs, and EGFs, respectively), and we evaluated the effects of the grafts on the functional regeneration of tracheal epithelia. Partial tracheal defects were imposed surgically, and collagen sponges containing IGF-1, bFGF, HGF, or EGF were then transplanted to defect sites. Subsequent immunofluorescence studies suggested that EGF and bFGF contribute to regular distributions of tight junction molecules, and tracer permeability assays suggested that EGF and bFGF promote regeneration of barrier function. Increased ciliogenesis was also observed using scanning electron microscopy in reconstructed regions treated with EGF- and bFGF-supplemented collagen sponges. However, bFGF-supplemented collagen sponges led to greater microsphere transport than did EGF-supplemented sponges. The present data suggested that collagen sponge scaffold containing bFGF promotes functional regeneration of tracheal epithelial tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Nakamura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Katsuno
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Morimasa Kitamura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaru Yamashita
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuya Tsuji
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yo Kishimoto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suehiro
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tateya
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Nakamura
- Department of Bioartificial Organs, Institute for Frontier Medical Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Omori
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Zhao H, Chen Q, Fang C, Huang Q, Zhou J, Yan X, Zhu X. Parental centrioles are dispensable for deuterosome formation and function during basal body amplification. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e46735. [PMID: 30833343 PMCID: PMC6446193 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian epithelial cells use a pair of parental centrioles and numerous deuterosomes as platforms for efficient basal body production during multiciliogenesis. How deuterosomes form and function, however, remain controversial. They are proposed to arise either spontaneously for massive de novo centriole biogenesis or in a daughter centriole-dependent manner as shuttles to carry away procentrioles assembled at the centriole. Here, we show that both parental centrioles are dispensable for deuterosome formation. In both mouse tracheal epithelial and ependymal cells (mTECs and mEPCs), discrete deuterosomes in the cytoplasm are initially procentriole-free. They emerge at widely dispersed positions in the cytoplasm and then enlarge, concomitant with their increased ability to form procentrioles. More importantly, deuterosomes still form efficiently in mEPCs whose daughter centriole or even both parental centrioles are eliminated through shRNA-mediated depletion or drug inhibition of Plk4, a kinase essential to centriole biogenesis in both cycling cells and multiciliated cells. Therefore, deuterosomes can be assembled autonomously to mediate de novo centriole amplification in multiciliated cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingxia Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuyu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiongping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiumin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Bowler M, Kong D, Sun S, Nanjundappa R, Evans L, Farmer V, Holland A, Mahjoub MR, Sui H, Loncarek J. High-resolution characterization of centriole distal appendage morphology and dynamics by correlative STORM and electron microscopy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:993. [PMID: 30824690 PMCID: PMC6397210 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are vital cellular structures that form centrosomes and cilia. The formation and function of cilia depends on a set of centriole's distal appendages. In this study, we use correlative super resolution and electron microscopy to precisely determine where distal appendage proteins localize in relation to the centriole microtubules and appendage electron densities. Here we characterize a novel distal appendage protein ANKRD26 and detail, in high resolution, the initial steps of distal appendage assembly. We further show that distal appendages undergo a dramatic ultra-structural reorganization before mitosis, during which they temporarily lose outer components, while inner components maintain a nine-fold organization. Finally, using electron tomography we reveal that mammalian distal appendages associate with two centriole microtubule triplets via an elaborate filamentous base and that they appear as almost radial finger-like protrusions. Our findings challenge the traditional portrayal of mammalian distal appendage as a pinwheel-like structure that is maintained throughout mitosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Bowler
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, NIH/NCI/CCR, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, NIH/NCI/CCR, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Dong Kong
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, NIH/NCI/CCR, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Shufeng Sun
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12201, USA
| | - Rashmi Nanjundappa
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology Division), Washington University, St Louis, 63110, MO, USA
| | - Lauren Evans
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
| | - Veronica Farmer
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, NIH/NCI/CCR, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, 37235, TN, USA
| | - Andrew Holland
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
| | - Moe R Mahjoub
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology Division), Washington University, St Louis, 63110, MO, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St Louis, 12201, MO, USA
| | - Haixin Sui
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12201, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Albany, Albany, NY, 12201, USA
| | - Jadranka Loncarek
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, NIH/NCI/CCR, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Koyama H, Shi D, Fujimori T. Biophysics in oviduct: Planar cell polarity, cilia, epithelial fold and tube morphogenesis, egg dynamics. Biophys Physicobiol 2019; 16:89-107. [PMID: 30923666 PMCID: PMC6435019 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.16.0_89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Organs and tissues in multi-cellular organisms exhibit various morphologies. Tubular organs have multi-scale morphological features which are closely related to their functions. Here we discuss morphogenesis and the mechanical functions of the vertebrate oviduct in the female reproductive tract, also known as the fallopian tube. The oviduct functions to convey eggs from the ovary to the uterus. In the luminal side of the oviduct, the epithelium forms multiple folds (or ridges) well-aligned along the longitudinal direction of the tube. In the epithelial cells, cilia are formed orienting toward the downstream of the oviduct. The cilia and the folds are supposed to be involved in egg transportation. Planar cell polarity (PCP) is developed in the epithelium, and the disruption of the Celsr1 gene, a PCP related-gene, causes randomization of both cilia and fold orientations, discontinuity of the tube, inefficient egg transportation, and infertility. In this review article, we briefly introduce various biophysical and biomechanical issues in the oviduct, including physical mechanisms of formation of PCP and organized cilia orientation, epithelial cell shape regulation, fold pattern formation generated by mechanical buckling, tubulogenesis, and egg transportation regulated by fluid flow. We also mention about possible roles of the oviducts in egg shape formation and embryogenesis, sinuous patterns of tubes, and fold and tube patterns observed in other tubular organs such as the gut, airways, etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Koyama
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Dongbo Shi
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Toshihiko Fujimori
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Non-lytic clearance of influenza B virus from infected cells preserves epithelial barrier function. Nat Commun 2019; 10:779. [PMID: 30770807 PMCID: PMC6377627 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08617-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza B virus (IBV) is an acute, respiratory RNA virus that has been assumed to induce the eventual death of all infected cells. We and others have shown however, that infection with apparently cytopathic viruses does not necessarily lead to cell death; some cells can intrinsically clear the virus and persist in the host long-term. To determine if any cells can survive direct IBV infection, we here generate a recombinant IBV capable of activating a host-cell reporter to permanently label all infected cells. Using this system, we demonstrate that IBV infection leads to the formation of a survivor cell population in the proximal airways that are ciliated-like, but transcriptionally and phenotypically distinct from both actively infected and bystander ciliated cells. We also show that survivor cells are critical to maintain respiratory barrier function. These results highlight a host response pathway that preserves the epithelium to limit the severity of IBV disease. Infection of a cell with influenza B virus (IBV) often results in cell death and the role of surviving cells in pathogenesis is unclear. Here, Dumm et al. generate a recombinant IBV that activates a host-cell reporter to permanently label infected cells, and show that surviving cells are important to preserve epithelial barrier function.
Collapse
|
100
|
Lack of GAS2L2 Causes PCD by Impairing Cilia Orientation and Mucociliary Clearance. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:229-245. [PMID: 30665704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic disorder in which impaired ciliary function leads to chronic airway disease. Exome sequencing of a PCD subject identified an apparent homozygous frameshift variant, c.887_890delTAAG (p.Val296Glyfs∗13), in exon 5; this frameshift introduces a stop codon in amino acid 308 of the growth arrest-specific protein 2-like 2 (GAS2L2). Further genetic screening of unrelated PCD subjects identified a second proband with a compound heterozygous variant carrying the identical frameshift variant and a large deletion (c.867_∗343+1207del; p.?) starting in exon 5. Both individuals had clinical features of PCD but normal ciliary axoneme structure. In this research, using human nasal cells, mouse models, and X.laevis embryos, we show that GAS2L2 is abundant at the apical surface of ciliated cells, where it localizes with basal bodies, basal feet, rootlets, and actin filaments. Cultured GAS2L2-deficient nasal epithelial cells from one of the affected individuals showed defects in ciliary orientation and had an asynchronous and hyperkinetic (GAS2L2-deficient = 19.8 Hz versus control = 15.8 Hz) ciliary-beat pattern. These results were recapitulated in Gas2l2-/- mouse tracheal epithelial cell (mTEC) cultures and in X. laevis embryos treated with Gas2l2 morpholinos. In mice, the absence of Gas2l2 caused neonatal death, and the conditional deletion of Gas2l2 impaired mucociliary clearance (MCC) and led to mucus accumulation. These results show that a pathogenic variant in GAS2L2 causes a genetic defect in ciliary orientation and impairs MCC and results in PCD.
Collapse
|