51
|
Bhandage AK, Barragan A. Calling in the Ca Valry- Toxoplasma gondii Hijacks GABAergic Signaling and Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channel Signaling for Trojan horse-Mediated Dissemination. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:61. [PMID: 30949456 PMCID: PMC6436472 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are regarded as the gatekeepers of the immune system but can also mediate systemic dissemination of the obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Here, we review the current knowledge on how T. gondii hijacks the migratory machinery of DCs and microglia. Shortly after active invasion by the parasite, infected cells synthesize and secrete the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and activate GABA-A receptors, which sets on a hypermigratory phenotype in parasitized DCs in vitro and in vivo. The signaling molecule calcium plays a central role for this migratory activation as signal transduction following GABAergic activation is mediated via the L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (L-VDCC) subtype Cav1.3. These studies have revealed that DCs possess a GABA/L-VDCC/Cav1.3 motogenic signaling axis that triggers migratory activation upon T. gondii infection. Moreover, GABAergic migration can cooperate with chemotactic responses. Additionally, the parasite-derived protein Tg14-3-3 has been associated with hypermigration of DCs and microglia. We discuss the interference of T. gondii infection with host cell signaling pathways that regulate migration. Altogether, T. gondii hijacks non-canonical signaling pathways in infected immune cells to modulate their migratory properties, and thereby promote its own dissemination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Barragan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute (MBW), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Defining Metabolic Rewiring in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9030047. [PMID: 30866469 PMCID: PMC6468359 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics based on untargeted flow infusion electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (FIE-HRMS) can provide a snap-shot of metabolism in living cells. Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is one of the predominant subtypes of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers (NSCLCs), which usually shows a poor prognosis. We analysed lung SCC samples and matched histologically normal lung tissues from eight patients. Metabolites were profiled by FIE-HRMS and assessed using t-test and principal component analysis (PCA). Differentially accumulating metabolites were mapped to pathways using the mummichog algorithm in R, and biologically meaningful patterns were indicated by Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis (MSEA). We identified metabolic rewiring networks, including the suppression of the oxidative pentose pathway and found that the normal tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were decoupled from increases in glycolysis and glutamine reductive carboxylation. Well-established associated effects on nucleotide, amino acid and thiol metabolism were also seen. Novel aspects in SCC tissue were increased in Vitamin B complex cofactors, serotonin and a reduction of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Our results show the value of FIE-HRMS as a high throughput screening method that could be exploited in clinical contexts.
Collapse
|
53
|
Chen X, Cao Q, Liao R, Wu X, Xun S, Huang J, Dong C. Loss of ABAT-Mediated GABAergic System Promotes Basal-Like Breast Cancer Progression by Activating Ca 2+-NFAT1 Axis. Theranostics 2019; 9:34-47. [PMID: 30662552 PMCID: PMC6332792 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is the most aggressive subtype with a poor clinical outcome; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying aggressiveness in BLBC remain poorly understood. Methods: The effects of gamma-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (ABAT) on GABA receptors, Ca2+-NFAT1 axis, and cancer cell behavior were assessed by Ca2+ imaging, Western blotting, immunostaining, colony formation, and migration and invasion assays. We elucidated the relationship between ABAT and Snail by luciferase reporter and ChIP assays. The effect of ABAT expression on BLBC cells was determined by in vitro and in vivo tumorigenesis and a lung metastasis mouse model. Results: We showed that, compared to other subtypes, ABAT was considerably decreased in BLBC. Mechanistically, ABAT expression was downregulated due to Snail-mediated repression leading to increased GABA production. GABA then elevated intracellular Ca2+ concentration by activating GABA-A receptor (GABAA), which contributed to the efficient activation of NFAT1 in BLBC cells. ABAT expression resulted in inhibition of tumorigenicity, both in vitro and in vivo, and metastasis of BLBC cells. Thus, loss of ABAT contributed to BLBC aggressiveness by activating the Ca2+-NFAT1 axis. In breast cancer patients, loss of ABAT expression was strongly correlated with large tumor size, high grade and metastatic tendency, poor survival, and chemotherapy resistance. Conclusions: Our findings have provided underlying molecular details for the aggressive behavior of BLBC. The Snail-mediated downregulation of ABAT expression in BLBC provides tumorigenic and metastatic advantages by activating GABA-mediated Ca2+-NFAT1 axis. Thus, our results have identified potential prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets for this challenging disease.
Collapse
|
54
|
Ren J, Wang B, Li J. Integrating proteomic and phosphoproteomic data for pathway analysis in breast cancer. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2018; 12:130. [PMID: 30577793 PMCID: PMC6302460 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-018-0646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background As protein is the basic unit of cell function and biological pathway, shotgun proteomics, the large-scale analysis of proteins, is contributing greatly to our understanding of disease mechanisms. Proteomics study could detect the changes of both protein expression and modification. With the releases of large-scale cancer proteome studies, how to integrate acquired proteomic and phosphoproteomic data in more comprehensive pathway analysis becomes implemented, but remains challenging. Integrative pathway analysis at proteome level provides a systematic insight into the signaling network adaptations in the development of cancer. Results Here we integrated proteomic and phosphoproteomic data to perform pathway prioritization in breast cancer. We manually collected and curated breast cancer well-known related pathways from the literature as target pathways (TPs) or positive control in method evaluation. Three different strategies including Hypergeometric test based over-representation analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test based gene set analysis and topology-based pathway analysis, were applied and evaluated in integrating protein expression and phosphorylation. In comparison, we also assessed the ranking performance of the strategy using information of protein expression or protein phosphorylation individually. Target pathways were ranked more top with the data integration than using the information from proteomic or phosphoproteomic data individually. In the comparisons of pathway analysis strategies, topology-based method outperformed than the others. The subtypes of breast cancer, which consist of Luminal A, Luminal B, Basal and HER2-enriched, vary greatly in prognosis and require distinct treatment. Therefore we applied topology-based pathway analysis with integrating protein expression and phosphorylation profiles on four subtypes of breast cancer. The results showed that TPs were enriched in all subtypes but their ranks were significantly different among the subtypes. For instance, p53 pathway ranked top in the Basal-like breast cancer subtype, but not in HER2-enriched type. The rank of Focal adhesion pathway was more top in HER2- subtypes than in HER2+ subtypes. The results were consistent with some previous researches. Conclusions The results demonstrate that the network topology-based method is more powerful by integrating proteomic and phosphoproteomic in pathway analysis of proteomics study. This integrative strategy can also be used to rank the specific pathways for the disease subtypes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12918-018-0646-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
GABA, γ-Aminobutyric Acid, Protects Against Severe Liver Injury. J Surg Res 2018; 236:172-183. [PMID: 30694753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute liver failure (ALF) from severe acute liver injury is a critical condition associated with high mortality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of preemptive administration of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on hepatic injury and survival outcomes in mice with experimentally induced ALF. MATERIALS AND METHODS To induce ALF, C57BL/6NHsd mice were administered GABA, saline, or nothing for 7 d, followed by intraperitoneal administration of 500 μg of tumor necrosis factor α and 20 mg of D-galactosamine. The study mice were humanely euthanized 4-5 h after ALF was induced or observed for survival. Proteins present in the blood samples and liver tissue from the euthanized mice were analyzed using Western blot and immunohistochemical and histopathologic analyses. For inhibition studies, we administered the STAT3-specific inhibitor, NSC74859, 90 min before ALF induction. RESULTS We found that GABA-treated mice had substantial attenuation of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive hepatocytes and hepatocellular necrosis, decreased caspase-3, H2AX, and p38 MAPK protein levels and increased expressions of Jak2, STAT3, Bcl-2, and Mn-SOD, with improved mitochondrial integrity. The reduced apoptotic proteins led to a significantly prolonged survival after ALF induction in GABA-treated mice. The STAT3-specific inhibitor NSC74859 eliminated the survival advantage in GABA-treated mice with ALF, indicating the involvement of the STAT3 pathway in GABA-induced reduction in apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that preemptive treatment with GABA protected against severe acute liver injury in mice via GABA-mediated STAT3 signaling. Preemptive administration of GABA may be a useful approach to optimize marginal donor livers before transplantation.
Collapse
|
56
|
Sahoo S, Ravi Kumar RK, Nicolay B, Mohite O, Sivaraman K, Khetan V, Rishi P, Ganesan S, Subramanyan K, Raman K, Miles W, Elchuri SV. Metabolite systems profiling identifies exploitable weaknesses in retinoblastoma. FEBS Lett 2018; 593:23-41. [PMID: 30417337 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is a childhood eye cancer. Currently, chemotherapy, local therapy, and enucleation are the main ways in which these tumors are managed. The present work is the first study that uses constraint-based reconstruction and analysis approaches to identify and explain RB-specific survival strategies, which are RB tumor specific. Importantly, our model-specific secretion profile is also found in RB1-depleted human retinal cells in vitro and suggests that novel biomarkers involved in lipid metabolism may be important. Finally, RB-specific synthetic lethals have been predicted as lipid and nucleoside transport proteins that can aid in novel drug target development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swagatika Sahoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.,Initiative for Biological Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | | | - Brandon Nicolay
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Agios Pharmaceutical, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Omkar Mohite
- Initiative for Biological Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Vikas Khetan
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services and Ocular Oncology Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Pukhraj Rishi
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services and Ocular Oncology Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Suganeswari Ganesan
- Department of Histopathology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | | | - Karthik Raman
- Initiative for Biological Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.,Robert Bosch Centre for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (RBC-DSAI), Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Wayne Miles
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sailaja V Elchuri
- Department of Nanotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Hujber Z, Horváth G, Petővári G, Krencz I, Dankó T, Mészáros K, Rajnai H, Szoboszlai N, Leenders WPJ, Jeney A, Tretter L, Sebestyén A. GABA, glutamine, glutamate oxidation and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase expression in human gliomas. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:271. [PMID: 30404651 PMCID: PMC6223071 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0946-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Bioenergetic characterisation of malignant tissues revealed that different tumour cells can catabolise multiple substrates as salvage pathways, in response to metabolic stress. Altered metabolism in gliomas has received a lot of attention, especially in relation to IDH mutations, and the associated oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) that impact on metabolism, epigenetics and redox status. Astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas, collectively called diffuse gliomas, are derived from astrocytes and oligodendrocytes that are in metabolic symbiosis with neurons; astrocytes can catabolise neuron-derived glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) for supporting and regulating neuronal functions. Methods Metabolic characteristics of human glioma cell models – including mitochondrial function, glycolytic pathway and energy substrate oxidation – in relation to IDH mutation status and after 2-HG incubation were studied to understand the Janus-faced role of IDH1 mutations in the progression of gliomas/astrocytomas. The metabolic and bioenergetic features were identified in glioma cells using wild-type and genetically engineered IDH1-mutant glioblastoma cell lines by metabolic analyses with Seahorse, protein expression studies and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results U251 glioma cells were characterised by high levels of glutamine, glutamate and GABA oxidation. Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) expression was correlated to GABA oxidation. GABA addition to glioma cells increased proliferation rates. Expression of mutated IDH1 and treatment with 2-HG reduced glutamine and GABA oxidation, diminished the pro-proliferative effect of GABA in SSADH expressing cells. SSADH protein overexpression was found in almost all studied human cases with no significant association between SSADH expression and clinicopathological parameters (e.g. IDH mutation). Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that SSADH expression may participate in the oxidation and/or consumption of GABA in gliomas, furthermore, GABA oxidation capacity may contribute to proliferation and worse prognosis of gliomas. Moreover, IDH mutation and 2-HG production inhibit GABA oxidation in glioma cells. Based on these data, GABA oxidation and SSADH activity could be additional therapeutic targets in gliomas/glioblastomas. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0946-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Hujber
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Gergő Horváth
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1444, Hungary
| | - Gábor Petővári
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Krencz
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Titanilla Dankó
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Katalin Mészáros
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences - Momentum Hereditary Endocrine Tumours Research Group, Semmelweis University - National Bionics Program, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Rajnai
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Norbert Szoboszlai
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1518, Hungary
| | - William P J Leenders
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - András Jeney
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - László Tretter
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1444, Hungary
| | - Anna Sebestyén
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1085, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
GABA promotes gastrin-releasing peptide secretion in NE/NE-like cells: Contribution to prostate cancer progression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10272. [PMID: 29980692 PMCID: PMC6035255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28538-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In prostate cancer (PCa), neuroendocrine cells (NE) have been associated with the progression of the disease due to the secretion of neuropeptides that are capable of diffusing and influence surrounding cells. The GABAergic system is enriched in NE-like cells, and contributes to PCa progression. Additionally, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) stimulates the secretion of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) in peripheral organs. For the first time, in this study we show the role of GABA and GABAB receptor 1 (GABBR1) expression in GRP secretion in NE-like prostate cancer cells. We demonstrated an increase in GRP levels in NE-like cell medium treated with GABAB receptor agonist. Moreover, the blocking of this receptor inhibited GABA-induced GRP secretion. The invasive potential of PC3 cells was enhanced by either GRP or conditioned medium of NE-like cells treated with GABA. Additionally, we confirmed a positive correlation between GABA and GRP levels in the serum of PCa patients with NE markers. Finally, using public available data sets, we found a negative correlation between GABBR1 and androgen receptor (AR) expression, as well as a strong positive correlation between GABBR1 and enolase 2. These results suggest that GABA via GABBR1 induces GRP secretion in NE like cells involved in PCa progression.
Collapse
|
59
|
Nittoli AC, Costantini S, Sorice A, Capone F, Ciarcia R, Marzocco S, Budillon A, Severino L. Effects of α-zearalenol on the metabolome of two breast cancer cell lines by 1H-NMR approach. Metabolomics 2018; 14:33. [PMID: 30830360 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zearalenone (ZEN) is one of the most widely distributed toxins that contaminates many crops and foods. Its major metabolites are α-Zearalenol (α-zol) and β-Zearalenol. Previous studies showed that ZEN and α-zol have estrogenic properties and are able to induce growth promoting effect in breast tissues. OBJECTIVIES Considering that tumorigenesis is dependent on the reprogramming of cellular metabolism and that the evaluation of the cellular metabolome is useful to understand the metabolic changes that can occur during the cancer development and progression or after treatments, aim of our work is to study, for the first time, the effects of α-zol on the metabolomic profile of an estrogen positive breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, and of an estrogen negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB231. METHODS Firstly, we tested the effects of α-zol on the cell viability after 24, 48 and 72 h of treatments with 10-10, 10-8 and 10-6 M concentrations on breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cell lines in comparison to human non-cancerous breast MCF10A cell line. Then, we evaluated cell cycle progression, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the metabolomic profiling by 1H-NMR approach on MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 before and after 72 h treatments. Principal component analysis was used to compare the obtained spectra. RESULTS α-zol is resulted able to induce: (i) an increase of the cell viability on MCF-7 cells mainly after 72 h treatment, (ii) a slight decrease of the cell viability on MDA-MB231 cells, and (iii) an increase of cells in S phase of the cell cycle and of ROS only in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, the evaluation of metabolomics profile evidenced that after treatment with α-zol the levels of some metabolites increased in MCF-7 cells whereas decreased slightly in MDA-MB231 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that α-zol was able to increase the protein biosynthesis as well as the lipid metabolism in MCF-7 cells, and, hence, to induce an estrogen positive breast cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chiara Nittoli
- Unità di Farmacologia e Tossicologia - Dipatimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Susan Costantini
- Unità di Farmacologia Sperimentale - Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy.
| | - Angela Sorice
- Unità di Farmacologia Sperimentale - Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Capone
- Unità di Farmacologia Sperimentale - Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Ciarcia
- Unità di Farmacologia e Tossicologia - Dipatimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Marzocco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Campus di Fisciano, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Unità di Farmacologia Sperimentale - Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy.
| | - Lorella Severino
- Unità di Farmacologia e Tossicologia - Dipatimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Kohe SE, Bennett CD, Gill SK, Wilson M, McConville C, Peet AC. Metabolic profiling of the three neural derived embryonal pediatric tumors retinoblastoma, neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma, identifies distinct metabolic profiles. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 29541417 PMCID: PMC5834290 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rare pediatric embryonal tumors retinoblastoma, medulloblastoma and neuroblastoma derive from neuroectodermal tissue and share similar histopathological features despite different anatomical locations and diverse clinical outcomes. As metabolism can reflect genetic and histological features, we investigated whether the metabolism of embryonal tumors reflects their similar histology, shared developmental and neural origins, or tumor location. We undertook metabolic profiling on 50 retinoblastoma, 39 medulloblastoma and 70 neuroblastoma using high resolution magic angle spinning magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Mean metabolite concentrations identified several metabolites that were significantly different between the tumor groups including taurine, hypotaurine, glutamate, glutamine, GABA, phosphocholine, N-acetylaspartate, creatine, glycine and myoinositol, p < 0.0017. Unsupervised multivariate analysis found that each tumor group clustered separately, with a unique metabolic profile, influenced by their underlying clinical diversity. Taurine was notably high in all tumors consistent with prior evidence from embryonal tumors. Retinoblastoma and medulloblastoma were more metabolically similar, sharing features associated with the central nervous system (CNS). Neuroblastoma had features consistent with neural tissue, but also contained significantly higher myoinositol and altered glutamate-glutamine ratio, suggestive of differences in the underlying metabolism of embryonal tumors located outside of the CNS. Despite the histological similarities and shared neural metabolic features, we show that individual neuroectodermal derived embryonal tumors can be distinguished by tissue metabolic profile. Pathway analysis suggests the alanine-aspartate-glutamate and taurine-hypotaurine metabolic pathways may be the most pertinent pathways to investigate for novel therapeutic strategies. This work strengthens our understanding of the biology and metabolic pathways underlying neuroectodermal derived embryonal tumors of childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Kohe
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Birmingham Children's Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D Bennett
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Birmingham Children's Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simrandip K Gill
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Birmingham Children's Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Wilson
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Carmel McConville
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C Peet
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Birmingham Children's Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Wang F, Zhang Y, Wu S, He Y, Dai Z, Ma S, Liu B. Studies of the structure-antioxidant activity relationships and antioxidant activity mechanism of iridoid valepotriates and their degradation products. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189198. [PMID: 29232391 PMCID: PMC5726618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been associated with diverse diseases, including obesity, cancer and neurodegeneration. In fact, Valeriana jatamansi Jones (valerian) and its extracts possess strong antioxidant activities that extend their application in clinical practice to the treatment of these illnesses, even though the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Iridoid valepotriate, a characteristic iridoid ester in valerian with poor chemical stability, possesses considerable antioxidant components. The original compounds and their degradation products have been found to exhibit strong antioxidant activities. However, the relationship between their structure and antioxidant effects and the mechanism underlying their oxidation resistance remain unclear. A forced degradation study using three iridoid valepotriates (valtrate, acevaltrate and 1-β acevaltrate) was performed in this work, and the structures of their degradation products were estimated by TLC-MS and LC-MS. Comparison of the antioxidant activities of the iridoid valepotriates before and after forced degradation revealed that degradation reduced the activities of the iridoid valepotriates in free radical scavenging and cytotoxic and cell apoptosis tests. The results suggested that the oxirane nucleus is important for defining the antioxidant profile of iridoid valepotriate. We uncovered possible mechanisms that could explain the antioxidant activities, including the generation of two hydroxyl groups through intramolecular transfer of an H• from an oxirane ring and a reduction in ROS levels through interactions with GABAergic signalling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Shouhai Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi He
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Dai
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Cheishvili D, Christiansen S, Stochinsky R, Pepin AS, Sapozhnikov DM, Zhou R, Schmeltzer L, Dymov S, Szyf M. DNA methylation controls unmethylated transcription start sites in the genome in trans. Epigenomics 2017; 9:611-633. [PMID: 28470094 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM DNA methylation downregulates transcription. However, a large number of genes, which are unmethylated in the promoter region, are inactive. We tested the hypothesis that these genes are regulated by DNA methylation of upstream regulators. METHODS We inhibited DNMT1 with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine or depleted it with shRNA to map the transcription initiation positions controlled by DNMT1 using ChIPseq with RNApolIIser5 antibody. Ingenuity pathway analysis identified potential methylated upstream regulators. Their functional role in controlling unmethylated promoters was determined by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. RESULTS We show that a large group of unmethylated promoters is regulated by DNMT1 through DNA methylation dependent silencing of upstream regulators such as transcription factor HNF4A. CONCLUSION The landscape of genes regulated by DNA methylation is more wide-ranging than genes downregulated by methylation of their own cis-regulatory sequences; regulation of unmethylated promoters is dependent on the methylation state of upstream trans regulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Cheishvili
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Steffan Christiansen
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Stochinsky
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Pepin
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel M Sapozhnikov
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rudy Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lauren Schmeltzer
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sergey Dymov
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Moshe Szyf
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Sackler Program for Epigenetics & Developmental Psychobiology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Shima H, Yamada A, Ishikawa T, Endo I. Are breast cancer stem cells the key to resolving clinical issues in breast cancer therapy? Gland Surg 2017; 6:82-88. [PMID: 28210556 DOI: 10.21037/gs.2016.08.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite the dramatic advances in breast cancer treatment over the past two decades, it is still the most common malignancies in women. One of the reasons patients succumb to breast cancer is treatment resistance leading to metastasis and recurrence. Recently, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been suggested as a cause of metastasis and recurrence in several cancers because of their unique characteristics, including self-renewal, pluripotency, and high proliferative ability. Increasing evidence has implicated breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) as essential for tumor development, progression, recurrence, and treatment resistance. BCSCs exhibit resistance to treatment owing to several inter-related factors, including overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and increased aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, DNA repair, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. In addition, the Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt signaling pathways have been suggested as the major pathways involved in the self-renewal and differentiation of BCSCs. Despite growing evidence suggesting the importance of BCSCs in progression and metastasis, clear criteria for the identification of BCSCs in clinical practice have yet to be established. Several potential markers have been suggested, including CD44+/CD24-/low, ALDH1, EpCAM/ESA, and nestin; however, there is no standard method to detect BCSCs. Triple-negative breast cancer, which shows initial chemosensitivity, demonstrates worsened prognosis due to therapy resistance, which might be related to the presence of BCSCs. Several clinical trials aimed at the identification of BCSCs or the development of BCSC-targeted therapy are in progress. Determining the clinical relevance of BCSCs may provide clues for overcoming therapy resistance in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Shima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Akimitsu Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishikawa
- Department of Breast disease, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Takahashi T, Elzawahry A, Mimaki S, Furukawa E, Nakatsuka R, Nakamura H, Nishigaki T, Serada S, Naka T, Hirota S, Shibata T, Tsuchihara K, Nishida T, Kato M. Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of imatinib resistance in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2017; 56:303-313. [PMID: 27997714 PMCID: PMC5324566 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors represent the most common mesenchymal tumor of the digestive tract, driven by gain‐of‐function mutations in KIT. Despite its proven benefits, half of the patients treated with imatinib show disease progression within 2 years due to secondary resistance mutations in KIT. It remains unclear how the genomic and transcriptomic features change during the acquisition of imatinib resistance. Here, we performed exome sequencing and microarray transcription analysis for four imatinib‐resistant cell lines and one cell line briefly exposed to imatinib. We also performed exome sequencing of clinical tumor samples. The cell line briefly exposed to imatinib exhibited few single‐nucleotide variants and copy‐number alterations, but showed marked upregulation of genes related to detoxification and downregulation of genes involved in cell cycle progression. Meanwhile, resistant cell lines harbored numerous genomic changes: amplified genes related to detoxification and deleted genes with cyclin‐dependent kinase activity. Some variants in the resistant samples were traced back to the drug‐sensitive samples, indicating the presence of ancestral subpopulations. The subpopulations carried variants associated with cell death. Pre‐existing cancer cells with genetic alterations promoting apoptosis resistance may serve as a basis whereby cancer cells with critical mutations, such as secondary KIT mutations, can establish full imatinib resistance. © 2017 The Authors Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 E2, Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Asmaa Elzawahry
- Department of Bioinformatics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,JST, CREST, 5-3 Yonbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0081, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Mimaki
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Eisaku Furukawa
- Department of Bioinformatics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Rie Nakatsuka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 E2, Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakamura
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takahiko Nishigaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 E2, Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Serada
- Laboratory for Immune Signal, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki City, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Naka
- Laboratory for Immune Signal, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki City, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Seiichi Hirota
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hyogo Medical College, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Shibata
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Katsuya Tsuchihara
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Toshirou Nishida
- Department of Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Mamoru Kato
- Department of Bioinformatics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,JST, CREST, 5-3 Yonbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0081, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Seo J, Jin D, Choi CH, Lee H. Integration of MicroRNA, mRNA, and Protein Expression Data for the Identification of Cancer-Related MicroRNAs. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168412. [PMID: 28056026 PMCID: PMC5215789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are responsible for the regulation of target genes involved in various biological processes, and may play oncogenic or tumor suppressive roles. Many studies have investigated the relationships between miRNAs and their target genes, using mRNA and miRNA expression data. However, mRNA expression levels do not necessarily represent the exact gene expression profiles, since protein translation may be regulated in several different ways. Despite this, large-scale protein expression data have been integrated rarely when predicting gene-miRNA relationships. This study explores two approaches for the investigation of gene-miRNA relationships by integrating mRNA expression and protein expression data. First, miRNAs were ranked according to their effects on cancer development. We calculated influence scores for each miRNA, based on the number of significant mRNA-miRNA and protein-miRNA correlations. Furthermore, we constructed modules containing mRNAs, proteins, and miRNAs, in which these three molecular types are highly correlated. The regulatory interactions between miRNA and genes in these modules have been validated based on the direct regulations, indirect regulations, and co-regulations through transcription factors. We applied our approaches to glioblastomas (GBMs), ranked miRNAs depending on their effects on GBM, and obtained 52 GBM-related modules. Compared with the miRNA rankings and modules constructed using only mRNA expression data, the rankings and modules constructed using mRNA and protein expression data were shown to have better performance. Additionally, we experimentally verified that miR-504, highly ranked and included in the identified modules, plays a suppressive role in GBM development. We demonstrated that the integration of both expression profiles allows a more precise analysis of gene-miRNA interactions and the identification of a higher number of cancer-related miRNAs and regulatory mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoun Seo
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwanjgu, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeyong Jin
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwanjgu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Hun Choi
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunju Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwanjgu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Durmaz A, Henderson TAD, Brubaker D, Bebek G. FREQUENT SUBGRAPH MINING OF PERSONALIZED SIGNALING PATHWAY NETWORKS GROUPS PATIENTS WITH FREQUENTLY DYSREGULATED DISEASE PATHWAYS AND PREDICTS PROGNOSIS. PACIFIC SYMPOSIUM ON BIOCOMPUTING. PACIFIC SYMPOSIUM ON BIOCOMPUTING 2017; 22:402-413. [PMID: 27896993 PMCID: PMC6029858 DOI: 10.1142/9789813207813_0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
MOTIVATION Large scale genomics studies have generated comprehensive molecular characterization of numerous cancer types. Subtypes for many tumor types have been established; however, these classifications are based on molecular characteristics of a small gene sets with limited power to detect dysregulation at the patient level. We hypothesize that frequent graph mining of pathways to gather pathways functionally relevant to tumors can characterize tumor types and provide opportunities for personalized therapies. RESULTS In this study we present an integrative omics approach to group patients based on their altered pathway characteristics and show prognostic differences within breast cancer (p < 9:57E - 10) and glioblastoma multiforme (p < 0:05) patients. We were able validate this approach in secondary RNA-Seq datasets with p < 0:05 and p < 0:01 respectively. We also performed pathway enrichment analysis to further investigate the biological relevance of dysregulated pathways. We compared our approach with network-based classifier algorithms and showed that our unsupervised approach generates more robust and biologically relevant clustering whereas previous approaches failed to report specific functions for similar patient groups or classify patients into prognostic groups. CONCLUSIONS These results could serve as a means to improve prognosis for future cancer patients, and to provide opportunities for improved treatment options and personalized interventions. The proposed novel graph mining approach is able to integrate PPI networks with gene expression in a biologically sound approach and cluster patients in to clinically distinct groups. We have utilized breast cancer and glioblastoma multiforme datasets from microarray and RNA-Seq platforms and identified disease mechanisms differentiating samples. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary methods, figures, tables and code are available at https://github.com/bebeklab/dysprog.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arda Durmaz
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA*Co-first Author,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Azedi F, Kazemnejad S, Zarnani AH, Soleimani M, Shojaei A, Arasteh S. Comparative capability of menstrual blood versus bone marrow derived stem cells in neural differentiation. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 44:169-182. [PMID: 27981446 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-4095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to characterize the potency of menstrual blood stem cells (MenSCs) for future cell therapy of neurological disorders instead of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) as a well-known and conventional source of adult stem cells, we examined the in vitro differentiation potential of these stem cells into neural-like cells. The differentiation potential of MenSCs to neural cells in comparison with BMSCs was assessed under two step neural differentiation including conversion to neurosphere-like cells and final differentiation. The expression levels of Nestin, Microtubule-associated protein 2, gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1 and 2, and Tubulin, beta 3 class III mRNA and/or protein were up-regulated during development of MenSCs into neurosphere-like cells (NSCs) and neural-like cells. The up-regulation level of these markers in differentiated neural-like cells from MenSCs was comparable with differentiated cells from BMSCs. Moreover, both differentiated MenSCs and BMSCs expressed high levels of potassium, calcium and sodium channel genes developing functional channels with electrophysiological recording. For the first time, we demonstrated that MenSCs are a unique cell population with differentiation ability into neural-like cells comparable to BMSCs. In addition, we have introduced an approach to generate NSCs from MenSCs and BMSCs and their further differentiation into neural-like cells in vitro. Our results hold a promise to future stem cell therapy of neurological disorders using NSCs derived from menstrual blood, an accessible source in every woman.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Azedi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Centre, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, P.O. Box: 1177-19615, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of advanced technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaieh Kazemnejad
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Centre, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, P.O. Box: 1177-19615, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Hassan Zarnani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shojaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Arasteh
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Centre, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, P.O. Box: 1177-19615, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Ogris C, Guala D, Helleday T, Sonnhammer ELL. A novel method for crosstalk analysis of biological networks: improving accuracy of pathway annotation. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 45:e8. [PMID: 27664219 PMCID: PMC5314790 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyzing gene expression patterns is a mainstay to gain functional insights of biological systems. A plethora of tools exist to identify significant enrichment of pathways for a set of differentially expressed genes. Most tools analyze gene overlap between gene sets and are therefore severely hampered by the current state of pathway annotation, yet at the same time they run a high risk of false assignments. A way to improve both true positive and false positive rates (FPRs) is to use a functional association network and instead look for enrichment of network connections between gene sets. We present a new network crosstalk analysis method BinoX that determines the statistical significance of network link enrichment or depletion between gene sets, using the binomial distribution. This is a much more appropriate statistical model than previous methods have employed, and as a result BinoX yields substantially better true positive and FPRs than was possible before. A number of benchmarks were performed to assess the accuracy of BinoX and competing methods. We demonstrate examples of how BinoX finds many biologically meaningful pathway annotations for gene sets from cancer and other diseases, which are not found by other methods. BinoX is available at http://sonnhammer.org/BinoX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Ogris
- Stockholm Bioinformatics Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 1031, 17121 Solna, Sweden
| | - Dimitri Guala
- Stockholm Bioinformatics Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 1031, 17121 Solna, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 1031, 17121 Solna, Sweden
| | - Erik L L Sonnhammer
- Stockholm Bioinformatics Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 1031, 17121 Solna, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Moela P, Motadi LR. RBBP6: a potential biomarker of apoptosis induction in human cervical cancer cell lines. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:4721-35. [PMID: 27536134 PMCID: PMC4973719 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s100964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of RBBP6 in cancers of the colon, lung, and esophagus makes it a potential target in anticancer therapy. This is especially important because RBBP6 associates with the tumor suppressor gene p53, the inactivation of which has been linked to over 50% of all cancer types. However, the expression of RBBP6 in cancer and its interaction with p53 are yet to be understood in order to determine whether or not RBBP6 is cancer promoting and therefore a potential biomarker. In this study, we manipulated RBBP6 expression levels followed by treatment with either camptothecin or γ-aminobutyric acid in cervical cancer cells to induce apoptosis or cell cycle arrest. We began by staining human cervical cancer tissue sections with anti-RBBP6 monoclonal antibody to evaluate the extent of expression of RBBP6 in patients’ specimens. We followed on with silencing the overexpression of RBBP6 and treatment with anticancer agents to evaluate how the specimens respond to combinational therapy. Apoptosis induction was evaluated through confocal microscope, and flow cytometry using annexin V staining, and also by checking the mitochondrial and caspase-3/7 activity. Cell cycle arrest was evaluated using flow cytometry through staining with propidium iodide. RBBP6 was highly expressed in cervical cancer tissue sections that were in stage II or III of development. Silencing RBBP6 followed by treatment with γ-aminobutyric acid and camptothecin seems to sensitize cells to apoptosis induction rather than cell cycle arrest. Overexpression of RBBP6 seems to promote S-phase in cell cycle and cell proliferation. These results predict a proliferative role of RBBP6 in cancer progression rather than as a cancer-causing gene. Furthermore, sensitization of cells to camptothecin-induced apoptosis by RBBP6 targeting suggests a promising tool for halting cervical cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pontsho Moela
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
70
|
Lee YY, Chao TB, Sheu MJ, Tian YF, Chen TJ, Lee SW, He HL, Chang IW, Hsing CH, Lin CY, Li CF. Glutamate Decarboxylase 1 Overexpression as a Poor Prognostic Factor in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. J Cancer 2016; 7:1716-1723. [PMID: 27698909 PMCID: PMC5039393 DOI: 10.7150/jca.15667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1) which serves as a rate-limiting enzyme involving in the production of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), exists in the GABAergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). Little is known about the relevance of GAD1 to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Through data mining on a data set derived from a published transcriptome database, this study first identified GAD1 as a differentially upregulated gene in NPC. We aimed to evaluate GAD1 expression and its prognostic effect on patients with early and locoregionally advanced NPC. Methods: We evaluated GAD1 immunohistochemistry and performed an H-score analysis on biopsy specimens from 124 patients with nonmetastasized NPC receiving treatment. GAD1 overexpression was defined as an H score higher than the median value. The findings of such an analysis are correlated with clinicopathological behaviors and survival rates, namely disease-specific survival (DSS), distant-metastasis-free survival (DMeFS), and local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) rates. Results: GAD1 overexpression was significantly associated with an increase in the primary tumor status (p < 0.001) and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stages III-IV (p = 0.002) and was a univariate predictor of adverse outcomes of DSS (p = 0.002), DMeFS (p < 0.0001), and LRFS (p = 0.001). In the multivariate comparison, in addition to advanced AJCC stages III-IV, GAD1 overexpression remained an independent prognosticator of short DSS (p = 0.004, hazard ratio = 2.234), DMeFS (p < 0.001, hazard ratio = 4.218), and LRFS (p = 0.013, hazard ratio = 2.441) rates. Conclusions: Our data reveal that GAD1 overexpression was correlated with advanced disease status and may thus be a critical prognostic indicator of poor outcomes in NPC and a potential therapeutic target to facilitate the development of effective treatment modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ying Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Bo Chao
- Departments of Colorectal Surgery, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;; Department of Health Business Administration, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Sheu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Tian
- Division of General Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan;; Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ju Chen
- Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Wei Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin He
- Department of Pathology, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Wei Chang
- Department of Pathology, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsi Hsing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yih Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan;; Department of Leisure, Recreation, and Tourism Management, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan;; National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan;; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Blanchart A, Fernando R, Häring M, Assaife-Lopes N, Romanov RA, Andäng M, Harkany T, Ernfors P. Endogenous GAB AA receptor activity suppresses glioma growth. Oncogene 2016; 36:777-786. [PMID: 27375015 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although genome alterations driving glioma by fueling cell malignancy have largely been resolved, less is known of the impact of tumor environment on disease progression. Here, we demonstrate functional GABAA receptor-activated currents in human glioblastoma cells and show the existence of a continuous GABA signaling within the tumor cell mass that significantly affects tumor growth and survival expectancy in mouse models. Endogenous GABA released by tumor cells, attenuates proliferation of the glioma cells with enriched expression of stem/progenitor markers and with competence to seed growth of new tumors. Our results suggest that GABA levels rapidly increase in tumors impeding further growth. Thus, shunting chloride ions by a maintained local GABAA receptor activity within glioma cells has a significant impact on tumor development by attenuating proliferation, reducing tumor growth and prolonging survival, a mechanism that may have important impact on therapy resistance and recurrence following tumor resection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Blanchart
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Fernando
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Häring
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Assaife-Lopes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R A Romanov
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Andäng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biophysics of Stem Cell and Tissue Growth, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Harkany
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Ernfors
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Karout M, Miesch M, Geoffroy P, Kraft S, Hofmann HD, Mensah-Nyagan AG, Kirsch M. Novel analogs of allopregnanolone show improved efficiency and specificity in neuroprotection and stimulation of proliferation. J Neurochem 2016; 139:782-794. [PMID: 27256158 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The natural neurosteroid allopregnanolone exerts beneficial effects in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, nervous system injury and peripheral neuropathies. It not only has anti-apoptotic activity, but also promotes proliferation of progenitor cells. With respect to using it as a therapeutic tool, such pleiotropic actions might create unwanted side effects. Therefore, we have synthesized allopregnanolone analogs and analyzed their neuroprotective and proliferative effects to identify compounds with higher efficiency and less ambiguous biological actions. Proliferation-promoting effects of 3α and 3β isomers of 3-O-allyl-allopregnanolone and 12 oxo-allopregnanolone were studied in adult subventricular zone stem cell cultures and in primary hippocampal cultures by measuring 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation. Neuroprotective activity against amyloid beta 42-induced cell death was determined by quantifying caspase 3/7 activity. The 3α isomers significantly stimulated proliferation in all culture systems, whereas the 3β isomers were ineffective. The stimulatory effect of 3α-O-allyl-allopregnanolone was significantly higher than that of allopregnanolone. In neural stem cell cultures, 3α-O-allyl-allopregnanolone specifically enhanced proliferation of Nestin-positive progenitors. In addition, it promoted the differentiation of doublecortin-positive neurons. In neural stem cell cultures treated with amyloid beta 42, both the α and β isomers of O-allyl- allopregnanolone showed increased neuroprotective activity as compared to allopregnanolone, completely preventing amyloid-induced caspase 3/7 activation. The 12 oxo-allopregnanolone analogs were ineffective. These results identify structural allopregnanolone analogs with higher anti-apoptotic and proliferation-promoting activity than the natural neurosteroid. Interestingly, stereoisomers of the analogs were found to have distinct profiles of activity raising the possibility of exploiting the neuroprotective properties of neurosteroids with or without simultaneously stimulating neurogenesis. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.13344.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Karout
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Neuroanatomy, ZfN, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 23, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Miesch
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Synthétique, UMR 7177, Institut de Chimie de l'Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Geoffroy
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Synthétique, UMR 7177, Institut de Chimie de l'Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stephanie Kraft
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Neuroanatomy, ZfN, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 23, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Hofmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Neuroanatomy, ZfN, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 23, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ayikoe Guy Mensah-Nyagan
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Matthias Kirsch
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Neuroanatomy, ZfN, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 23, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Lu J, Zhang Q, Tan D, Luo W, Zhao H, Ma J, Liang H, Tan Y. GABA A receptor π subunit promotes apoptosis of HTR-8/SVneo trophoblastic cells: Implications in preeclampsia. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:105-12. [PMID: 27221053 PMCID: PMC4899026 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) functions primarily as an inhibitory neurotransmitter through its receptors in the mature central nervous system. The GABA type A receptor π subunit (GABRP) has been identified in the tissues of the reproductive system, particularly in the uterus. In addition, we have previously detected GABRP expression in both human and mouse placentas. To examine the role of GABRP in trophoblastic cell invasion, we constructed a pIRES2-GABRP-EGFP plasmid which was used for the transfection of a human placental cell line derived from first trimester extravillous trophoblasts (HTR-8/SVneo). The number of invaded cells was decreased by GABRP overexpression. Notably, the decrease in the invasive cell number may be due to the increased apoptosis of the HTR-8/SVneo cells following GABRP transfection, which was further confirmed by flow cytometry, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis. Based on the increased apoptosis of trophoblastic cells in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia (PE) and the fact that GABRP promotes the apoptosis of trophoblastic cells, we hypothesized that GABRP expression is increased in the placental tissues from patients with PE compared with that in the normal groups and this hypothesis was confirmed by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical analysis. Taken together, these findings imply that GABRP plays an important role in placentation and this pathway may be a promising molecular target for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for PE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Lu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Tan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Wenping Luo
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hai Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jing Ma
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hao Liang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yi Tan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Ullah N, Liaqat S, Fatima S, Zehra F, Anwer M, Sadiq M. Stem cells and cancer: A review. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)61057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
75
|
Bozorgi A, Khazaei M, Khazaei MR. New Findings on Breast Cancer Stem Cells: A Review. J Breast Cancer 2015; 18:303-12. [PMID: 26770236 PMCID: PMC4705081 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2015.18.4.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of the "cancer stem cell" theory, significant developments have been made in the understanding of cancer and the heterogenic structure of tumors. In 2003, with the isolation of cancer stem cells from the first solid tumor, breast cancer, and recognition of the tumorigenicity of these cells, this theory suggested that the main reason for therapy failure might be the presence of cancer stem cells. This review article describes breast cancer stem cell origin, the related cellular and molecular characteristics, signaling pathways, and therapy resistance mechanisms. The databases PubMed, SCOPUS, and Embase were explored, and articles published on these topics between 1992 and 2015 were investigated. It appears that this small subpopulation of cells, with the capacity for self-renewal and a high proliferation rate, originate from normal stem cells, are identified by specific markers such as CD44(+)/CD24(-/low), and enhance a tumor's capacity for metastasis, invasion, and therapy resistance. Cancer stem cell characteristics depend on their interactions with their microenvironment as well as on the inducing factors and elements. Although uncertainties about breast cancer stem cells exist, many of researchers believe that cancer stem cells should be considered as possible therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azam Bozorgi
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rasool Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Gross AM, Kreisberg JF, Ideker T. Analysis of Matched Tumor and Normal Profiles Reveals Common Transcriptional and Epigenetic Signals Shared across Cancer Types. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142618. [PMID: 26555223 PMCID: PMC4640835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify the transcriptional regulatory changes that are most widespread in solid tumors, we performed a pan-cancer analysis using over 600 pairs of tumors and adjacent normal tissues profiled in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Frequency of upregulation was calculated across mRNA expression levels, microRNA expression levels and CpG methylation sites and is provided here as a resource. Frequent tumor-associated alterations were identified using a simple statistical approach. Many of the identified changes were consistent with the increased rate of cell division in cancer, such as the overexpression of cell cycle genes and hypermethylation of PRC2 binding sites. However, we also identified proliferation-independent alterations, which highlight novel pathways essential to tumor formation. Nearly all of the GABA receptors are frequently downregulated, with the gene encoding the delta subunit (GABRD) strongly upregulated as the notable exception. Metabolic genes are also frequently downregulated, particularly alcohol dehydrogenases and others consistent with the decreased role of oxidative phosphorylation in cancerous cells. Alterations in the composition of GABA receptors and metabolism may play a key role in the differentiation of cancer cells, independent of proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Gross
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jason F. Kreisberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Trey Ideker
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Schmitt S, Höfner G, Wanner KT. Application of MS Transport Assays to the Four Human γ-Aminobutyric Acid Transporters. ChemMedChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
78
|
Cojoc M, Mäbert K, Muders MH, Dubrovska A. A role for cancer stem cells in therapy resistance: Cellular and molecular mechanisms. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 31:16-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
79
|
Barragan A, Weidner JM, Jin Z, Korpi ER, Birnir B. GABAergic signalling in the immune system. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 213:819-27. [PMID: 25677654 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The GABAergic system is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter system in the central nervous system (CNS) of vertebrates. Signalling of the transmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) via GABA type A receptor channels or G-protein-coupled type B receptors is implicated in multiple CNS functions. Recent findings have implicated the GABAergic system in immune cell functions, inflammatory conditions and diseases in peripheral tissues. Interestingly, the specific effects may vary between immune cell types, with stage of activation and be altered by infectious agents. GABA/GABA-A receptor-mediated immunomodulatory functions have been unveiled in immune cells, being present in T lymphocytes and regulating the migration of Toxoplasma-infected dendritic cells. The GABAergic system may also play a role in the regulation of brain resident immune cells, the microglial cells. Activation of microglia appears to regulate the function of GABAergic neurotransmission in neighbouring neurones through changes induced by secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. The neurotransmitter-driven immunomodulation is a new but rapidly growing field of science. Herein, we review the present knowledge of the GABA signalling in immune cells of the periphery and the CNS and raise questions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Barragan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; The Wenner-Gren Institute; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Medicine; Center for Infectious Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - J. M. Weidner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; The Wenner-Gren Institute; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Medicine; Center for Infectious Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Z. Jin
- Department of Neuroscience; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - E. R. Korpi
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
- Department of Pharmacology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University Health System; Neurobiology and Ageing Programme; Life Sciences Institute; National University of Singapore, and SINAPSE, Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology; Singapore
| | - B. Birnir
- Department of Neuroscience; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Pallud J, Le Van Quyen M, Bielle F, Pellegrino C, Varlet P, Cresto N, Baulac M, Duyckaerts C, Kourdougli N, Chazal G, Devaux B, Rivera C, Miles R, Capelle L, Huberfeld G. Cortical GABAergic excitation contributes to epileptic activities around human glioma. Sci Transl Med 2015; 6:244ra89. [PMID: 25009229 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3008065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Brain gliomas are highly epileptogenic. Excitatory glutamatergic mechanisms are involved in the generation of epileptic activities in the neocortex surrounding gliomas. However, chloride homeostasis is known to be perturbed in glioma cells. Thus, the contribution of γ-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) mechanisms that depend on intracellular chloride merits closer study. We studied the occurrence, networks, cells, and signaling basis of epileptic activities in neocortical slices from the peritumoral surgical margin resected around human brain gliomas. Postoperative glioma tissue from 69% of patients spontaneously generated interictal-like discharges, synchronized, with a high-frequency oscillation signature, in superficial layers of neocortex around areas of glioma infiltration. Interictal-like events depended both on glutamatergic AMPA receptor-mediated transmission and on depolarizing GABAergic signaling. GABA released by interneurons depolarized 65% of pyramidal cells, in which chloride homeostasis was perturbed because of changes in expression of neuronal chloride cotransporters: KCC2 (K-Cl cotransporter 2) was reduced by 42% and expression of NKCC1 (Na-K-2Cl cotransporter 1) increased by 144%. Ictal-like activities were initiated by convulsant stimuli exclusively in these epileptogenic areas. This study shows that epileptic activities are sustained by excitatory effects of GABA in human peritumoral neocortex, as reported in temporal lobe epilepsies, suggesting that both glutamate and GABA signaling and cellular chloride regulation processes, all also involved in oncogenesis as already shown, induce an imbalance between synaptic excitation and inhibition underlying epileptic discharges in glioma patients. Thus, the control of chloride in neurons and glioma cells may provide a therapeutic target for patients with epileptogenic gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Pallud
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, INSERM UMRS975, CNRS UMR7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France.,Service de Neurochirurgie, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, France
| | - Michel Le Van Quyen
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, INSERM UMRS975, CNRS UMR7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France
| | - Franck Bielle
- Service de Neuropathologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Christophe Pellegrino
- INMED, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France.,Université de la Méditerranée, UMR S901 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Pascale Varlet
- Service de Neuropathologie, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris, France
| | - Noemie Cresto
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, INSERM UMRS975, CNRS UMR7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France
| | - Michel Baulac
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, INSERM UMRS975, CNRS UMR7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France.,Unité d'Epileptologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Charles Duyckaerts
- Service de Neuropathologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Nazim Kourdougli
- INMED, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France.,Université de la Méditerranée, UMR S901 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Geneviève Chazal
- INMED, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France.,Université de la Méditerranée, UMR S901 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Bertrand Devaux
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, France
| | - Claudio Rivera
- INMED, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France.,Université de la Méditerranée, UMR S901 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard Miles
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, INSERM UMRS975, CNRS UMR7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France
| | - Laurent Capelle
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, INSERM UMRS975, CNRS UMR7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France.,Service de Neurochirurgie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Gilles Huberfeld
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, INSERM UMRS975, CNRS UMR7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France.,Service de Neuropathologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Unité d'Epileptologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Département de Neurophysiologie, UPMC, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Babateen O, Jin Z, Bhandage A, Korol SV, Westermark B, Forsberg Nilsson K, Uhrbom L, Smits A, Birnir B. Etomidate, propofol and diazepam potentiate GABA-evoked GABAA currents in a cell line derived from human glioblastoma. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 748:101-7. [PMID: 25510230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
GABAA receptors are pentameric chloride ion channels that are opened by GABA. We have screened a cell line derived from human glioblastoma, U3047MG, for expression of GABAA receptor subunit isoforms and formation of functional ion channels. We identified GABAA receptors subunit α2, α3, α5, β1, β2, β3, δ, γ3, π, and θ mRNAs in the U3047MG cell line. Whole-cell GABA-activated currents were recorded and the half-maximal concentration (EC₅₀) for the GABA-activated current was 36 μM. The currents were activated by THIP (4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-3-ol) and enhanced by the benzodiazepine diazepam (1 μM) and the general anesthetics etomidate and propofol (50 μM). In line with the expressed GABAA receptors containing at least the α3β3θ subunits, the receptors were highly sensitive to etomidate (EC₅₀=55 nM). Immunocytochemistry identified expression of the α3 and β3 subunit proteins. Our results show that the GABAA receptors in the glial cell line are functional and are modulated by classical GABAA receptor drugs. We propose that the U3047MG cell line may be used as a model system to study GABAA receptors function and pharmacology in glial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Babateen
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhe Jin
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - AmolK Bhandage
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sergiy V Korol
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bengt Westermark
- Department of Immunology, Genetic and Pathology, and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Forsberg Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetic and Pathology, and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lene Uhrbom
- Department of Immunology, Genetic and Pathology, and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anja Smits
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bryndis Birnir
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Kakehashi A, Kato A, Ishii N, Wei M, Morimura K, Fukushima S, Wanibuchi H. Valerian inhibits rat hepatocarcinogenesis by activating GABA(A) receptor-mediated signaling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113610. [PMID: 25419570 PMCID: PMC4242630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Valerian is widely used as a traditional medicine to improve the quality of sleep due to interaction of several active components with the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor (GABA(A)R) system. Recently, activation of GABA signaling in stem cells has been reported to suppress cell cycle progression in vivo. Furthermore, possible inhibitory effects of GABA(A)R agonists on hepatocarcinogenesis have been reported. The present study was performed to investigate modulating effects of Valerian on hepatocarcinogenesis using a medium-term rat liver bioassay. Male F344 rats were treated with one of the most powerful Valerian species (Valeriana sitchensis) at doses of 0, 50, 500 and 5000 ppm in their drinking water after initiation of hepatocarcinogenesis with diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Formation of glutathione S-transferase placental form positive (GST-P+) foci was significantly inhibited by Valerian at all applied doses compared with DEN initiation control rats. Generation of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in the rat liver was significantly suppressed by all doses of Valerian, likely due to suppression of Nrf2, CYP7A1 and induction of catalase expression. Cell proliferation was significantly inhibited, while apoptosis was induced in areas of GST-P+ foci of Valerian groups associated with suppression of c-myc, Mafb, cyclin D1 and induction of p21Waf1/Cip1, p53 and Bax mRNA expression. Interestingly, expression of the GABA(A)R alpha 1 subunit was observed in GST-P+ foci of DEN control rats, with significant elevation associated with Valerian treatment. These results indicate that Valerian exhibits inhibitory effects on rat hepatocarcinogenesis by inhibiting oxidative DNA damage, suppressing cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in GST-P+ foci by activating GABA(A)R-mediated signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kakehashi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Ayumi Kato
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naomi Ishii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Min Wei
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichirou Morimura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoji Fukushima
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Wanibuchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Zhang X, Du Z, Liu J, He J. Γ-aminobutyric acid receptors affect the progression and migration of tumor cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2014; 34:431-9. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2013.856918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
84
|
Sizemore GM, Sizemore ST, Seachrist DD, Keri RA. GABA(A) receptor pi (GABRP) stimulates basal-like breast cancer cell migration through activation of extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). J Biol Chem 2014; 289:24102-13. [PMID: 25012653 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.593582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease comprised of distinct subtypes predictive of patient outcome. Tumors of the basal-like subtype have a poor prognosis due to inherent aggressiveness and the lack of targeted therapeutics. Basal-like tumors typically lack estrogen receptor-α, progesterone receptor and HER2/ERBB2, or in other words they are triple negative (TN). Continued evaluation of basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) biology is essential to identify novel therapeutic targets. Expression of the pi subunit of the GABA(A) receptor (GABRP) is associated with the BLBC/TN subtype, and herein, we reveal its expression also correlates with metastases to the brain and poorer patient outcome. GABRP expression in breast cancer cell lines also demonstrates a significant correlation with the basal-like subtype suggesting that GABRP functions in the initiation and/or progression of basal-like tumors. To address this postulate, we stably silenced GABRP in two BLBC cell lines, HCC1187 and HCC70 cells. Decreased GABRP reduces in vitro tumorigenic potential and migration concurrent with alterations in the cytoskeleton, specifically diminished cellular protrusions and expression of the BLBC-associated cytokeratins, KRT5, KRT6B, KRT14, and KRT17. Silencing GABRP also decreases phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in both cell lines and selective inhibition of ERK1/2 similarly decreases the basal-like cytokeratins as well as migration. Combined, these data reveal a GABRP-ERK1/2-cytokeratin axis that maintains the migratory phenotype of basal-like breast cancer. GABRP is a component of a cell surface receptor, thus, these findings suggest that targeting this new signaling axis may have therapeutic potential in BLBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ruth A Keri
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Genetics and Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Li M, Maddison LA, Page-McCaw P, Chen W. Overnutrition induces β-cell differentiation through prolonged activation of β-cells in zebrafish larvae. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E799-807. [PMID: 24473439 PMCID: PMC3962607 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00686.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Insulin from islet β-cells maintains glucose homeostasis by stimulating peripheral tissues to remove glucose from circulation. Persistent elevation of insulin demand increases β-cell number through self-replication or differentiation (neogenesis) as part of a compensatory response. However, it is not well understood how a persistent increase in insulin demand is detected. We have previously demonstrated that a persistent increase in insulin demand by overnutrition induces compensatory β-cell differentiation in zebrafish. Here, we use a series of pharmacological and genetic analyses to show that prolonged stimulation of existing β-cells is necessary and sufficient for this compensatory response. In the absence of feeding, tonic, but not intermittent, pharmacological activation of β-cell secretion was sufficient to induce β-cell differentiation. Conversely, drugs that block β-cell secretion, including an ATP-sensitive potassium (K ATP) channel agonist and an L-type Ca(2+) channel blocker, suppressed overnutrition-induced β-cell differentiation. Genetic experiments specifically targeting β-cells confirm existing β-cells as the overnutrition sensor. First, inducible expression of a constitutively active K ATP channel in β-cells suppressed the overnutrition effect. Second, inducible expression of a dominant-negative K ATP mutant induced β-cell differentiation independent of nutrients. Third, sensitizing β-cell metabolism by transgenic expression of a hyperactive glucokinase potentiated differentiation. Finally, ablation of the existing β-cells abolished the differentiation response. Taken together, these data establish that overnutrition induces β-cell differentiation in larval zebrafish through prolonged activation of β-cells. These findings demonstrate an essential role for existing β-cells in sensing overnutrition and compensating for their own insufficiency by recruiting additional β-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
86
|
Zhang D, Li X, Yao Z, Wei C, Ning N, Li J. GABAergic signaling facilitates breast cancer metastasis by promoting ERK1/2-dependent phosphorylation. Cancer Lett 2014; 348:100-8. [PMID: 24657659 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to determine the role of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling molecules in breast cancer metastasis. Our results reveal that GABAergic system exists in breast cancer cells. Both the GABA synthetic enzyme. (GAD65/67) and GABAB receptor are expressed in 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells, MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and human breast cancer tissue. Baclofen, a GABABR agonist, significantly promoted 4T1 cells invasion and migration in vitro and metastasis in vivo, an event that was attenuated by GABABR antagonist CGP55845. Baclofen-induced breast cancer metastasis was mediated by ERK1/2 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Depu Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ziming Yao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Chuanfei Wei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Nannan Ning
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Ippolito JE, Piwnica-Worms D. A fluorescence-coupled assay for gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) reveals metabolic stress-induced modulation of GABA content in neuroendocrine cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88667. [PMID: 24551133 PMCID: PMC3923810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathways involved in the synthesis of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of high grade neuroendocrine (NE) neoplasms as well as neoplasms from a non-NE lineage. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas, overexpression of the GABA synthetic enzyme, glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1), was found to be associated with decreased disease free-survival in prostate adenocarcinoma and decreased overall survival in clear cell renal cell carcinomas. Furthermore, GAD1 was found to be expressed in castrate-resistant prostate cancer cell lines, but not androgen-responsive cell lines. Using a novel fluorescence-coupled enzymatic microplate assay for GABA mediated through reduction of resazurin in a prostate neuroendocrine carcinoma (PNEC) cell line, acid microenvironment-induced stress increased GABA levels while alkaline microenvironment-induced stress decreased GABA through modulation of GAD1 and glutamine synthetase (GLUL) activities. Moreover, glutamine but not glucose deprivation decreased GABA through modulation of GLUL. Consistent with evidence in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms that GABA synthesis mediated through GAD1 may play a crucial role in surviving stress, GABA may be an important mediator of stress survival in neoplasms. These findings identify GABA synthesis and metabolism as a potentially important pathway for regulating cancer cell stress response as well as a potential target for therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Ippolito
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JEI); (DP-W)
| | - David Piwnica-Worms
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- BRIGHT Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JEI); (DP-W)
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Guidoni L, Ricci-Vitiani L, Rosi A, Palma A, Grande S, Luciani AM, Pelacchi F, di Martino S, Colosimo C, Biffoni M, De Maria R, Pallini R, Viti V. 1H NMR detects different metabolic profiles in glioblastoma stem-like cells. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2014; 27:129-145. [PMID: 24142746 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic profiles of glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) growing in neurospheres were examined by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Spectra of two GSC lines, labelled 1 and 83, from tumours close to the subventricular zone of the temporal lobe were studied in detail and compared with those of neural stem/progenitor cells from the adult olfactory bulb (OB-NPCs) and of the T98G glioblastoma cell line. In both GSCs, signals from myoinositol (Myo-I), UDP-hexosamines (UDP-Hex) and glycine indicated an astrocyte/glioma metabolism. For line 1, the presence of signals from N-acetyl aspartate, GABA and creatine pointed to a neuronal fingerprint. These metabolites were almost absent from line 83 spectra, whereas lipid signals, absent from normal neural lineages, were intense in line 83 spectra and remained low in those of line 1, irrespective of apoptotic fate. Spectra of OB-NPC cells displayed strong similarities with those from line 1, with low lipid signals and clearly detectable neuronal signals. In contrast, the spectral profile of line 83 was more similar to that of T98G, displaying high lipids and nearly complete absence of the neuronal markers. A mixed neural-astrocyte metabolic phenotype with a strong neuronal fingerprint was therefore found in line 1, while an astrocytic/glioma-like metabolism prevailed in line 83. We found a signal assigned to the amide proton of N-acetyl galactosamine in GSC lines and in OB-NPC spectra, whereas it was absent from those of T98G cells. This signal may be related to a stem-cell-specific protein glycosylation pattern and is therefore suggested as a marker of cell multipotency. Other GSC lines from patients with different clinical outcomes were then examined. Unsupervised analysis of spectral data from 13 lines yielded two clusters, with six lines resembling spectral features of line 1 and seven resembling those of line 83, suggesting that distinct metabolic phenotypes may be present in GSC lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Guidoni
- Department of Technology and Health and INFN Sanità Group, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Neman J, Termini J, Wilczynski S, Vaidehi N, Choy C, Kowolik CM, Li H, Hambrecht AC, Roberts E, Jandial R. Human breast cancer metastases to the brain display GABAergic properties in the neural niche. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:984-9. [PMID: 24395782 PMCID: PMC3903266 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1322098111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersion of tumors throughout the body is a neoplastic process responsible for the vast majority of deaths from cancer. Despite disseminating to distant organs as malignant scouts, most tumor cells fail to remain viable after their arrival. The physiologic microenvironment of the brain must become a tumor-favorable microenvironment for successful metastatic colonization by circulating breast cancer cells. Bidirectional interplay of breast cancer cells and native brain cells in metastasis is poorly understood and rarely studied. We had the rare opportunity to investigate uncommonly available specimens of matched fresh breast-to-brain metastases tissue and derived cells from patients undergoing neurosurgical resection. We hypothesized that, to metastasize, breast cancers may escape their normative genetic constraints by accommodating and coinhabiting the neural niche. This acquisition or expression of brain-like properties by breast cancer cells could be a malignant adaptation required for brain colonization. Indeed, we found breast-to-brain metastatic tissue and cells displayed a GABAergic phenotype similar to that of neuronal cells. The GABAA receptor, GABA transporter, GABA transaminase, parvalbumin, and reelin were all highly expressed in breast cancer metastases to the brain. Proliferative advantage was conferred by the ability of breast-to-brain metastases to take up and catabolize GABA into succinate with the resultant formation of NADH as a biosynthetic source through the GABA shunt. The results suggest that breast cancers exhibit neural characteristics when occupying the brain microenvironment and co-opt GABA as an oncometabolite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cecilia Choy
- Divisions of Neurosurgery and
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010; and
| | | | - Hubert Li
- Immunology, and
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010; and
| | - Amanda C. Hambrecht
- Divisions of Neurosurgery and
- Department of Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | | | - Rahul Jandial
- Divisions of Neurosurgery and
- Department of Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Bautista W, Perez-Alvarez V, Burczynski F, Raouf A, Klonisch T, Minuk G. Membrane potential differences and GABAA receptor expression in hepatic tumor and non-tumor stem cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:85-91. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The ability to differentiate tumor initiating stem cells (TISCs) from healthy, normal stem cells (NSCs) could have important diagnostic and therapeutic implications for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to document and compare cell membrane potentials (PDs) and GABAA receptor subunit expression in hepatic TISCs and NSCs. PD values were determined in CD133+ Huh-7 TISCs and CD133+ WBF344 NSCs by single channel microelectrode impalement. GABAA receptor subunit expression was documented using immunohistochemistry (IH) in both cell lines as well as surgically resected HCC and healthy liver tissues. TISCs were significantly depolarized compared with NSCs (−4.0 ± 1.8 versus −11.0 ± 2.4 mV, respectively; p < 0.05). GABAA α6 subunit expression was either absent or markedly attenuated, while γ3 subunit expression was abundant in TISCs and HCC compared with NSCs and healthy liver tissues. Exposure to the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol caused hyperpolarization of TISCs (Δ −4.4 ± 1.1) but depolarization of NSCs (Δ + 5.2 ± 2.3) and attenuation of TISC proliferative activity. We conclude that TISCs and NSCs have significantly different cell membrane potentials and these differences are associated with differences in GABAA receptor subunit expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Bautista
- Section of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Victor Perez-Alvarez
- Section of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Frank Burczynski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Afshin Raouf
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3J7, Canada
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, John Buhler Research Centre, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Gerald Minuk
- Section of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Kimura R, Kasamatsu A, Koyama T, Fukumoto C, Kouzu Y, Higo M, Endo-Sakamoto Y, Ogawara K, Shiiba M, Tanzawa H, Uzawa K. Glutamate acid decarboxylase 1 promotes metastasis of human oral cancer by β-catenin translocation and MMP7 activation. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:555. [PMID: 24261884 PMCID: PMC3866561 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1), a rate-limiting enzyme in the production of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is found in the GABAergic neurons of the central nervous system. Little is known about the relevance of GAD1 to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We investigated the expression status of GAD1 and its functional mechanisms in OSCCs. Methods We evaluated GAD1 mRNA and protein expressions in OSCC-derived cells using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunoblotting analyses. To assess the critical functions of GAD1, i.e., cellular proliferation, invasiveness, and migration, OSCC-derived cells were treated with the shRNA and specific GAD1 inhibitor, 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA). GAD1 expression in 80 patients with primary OSCCs was analyzed and compared to the clinicopathological behaviors of OSCC. Results qRT-PCR and immunoblotting analyses detected frequent up-regulation of GAD1 in OSCC-derived cells compared to human normal oral keratinocytes. Suppression of nuclear localization of β-catenin and MMP7 secretion was observed in GAD1 knockdown and 3-MPA-treated cells. We also found low cellular invasiveness and migratory abilities in GAD1 knockdown and 3-MPA-treated cells. In the clinical samples, GAD1 expression in the primary OSCCs was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in normal counterparts and was correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with regional lymph node metastasis. Conclusions Our data showed that up-regulation of GAD1 was a characteristic event in OSCCs and that GAD1 was correlated with cellular invasiveness and migration by regulating β-catenin translocation and MMP7 activation. GAD1 might play an important role in controlling tumoral invasiveness and metastasis in oral cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Atsushi Kasamatsu
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
92
|
Teng L, Tang YB, Sun F, An SM, Zhang C, Yang XJ, Lv HY, Lu Q, Cui YY, Hu JJ, Zhu L, Chen HZ. Non-neuronal release of gamma-aminobutyric Acid by embryonic pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:2944-53. [PMID: 23799822 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), the principle inhibitory transmitter in the mature central nervous system, is also involved in activities outside the nervous system. Recent studies have shown that functional GABA receptors are expressed in embryonic stem (ES) cells and these receptors control ES cell proliferation. However, it is not clear whether ES cells have their own GABAergic transmission output machinery that can fulfill GABA release or whether the cells merely process the GABA receptors by receiving and responding to the diffused GABA released elsewhere. To get further insight into this unresolved problem, we detected the repertoire of components for GABA synthesis, storage, reaction, and termination in ES and embryonal carcinoma stem cells by biological assays, and then directly quantified released GABA in the intercellular milieu from these pluripotent stem (PS) cells by an analytical chemical assay based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). We found that embryonic PS cells processed a GABAergic circuit machinery and spontaneously released GABA, which suggests the potential that embryonic PS cells could autonomously establish a GABA niche via release of the transmitter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Teng
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
93
|
Zhang X, Zhang R, Zheng Y, Shen J, Xiao D, Li J, Shi X, Huang L, Tang H, Liu J, He J, Zhang H. Expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors on neoplastic growth and prediction of prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer. J Transl Med 2013; 11:102. [PMID: 23617850 PMCID: PMC3644491 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain, but exerts physiologic effects other than that on neurotransmitter in non-neuronal peripheral tissues and organs. GABA may affect cancer growth through activation GABA receptors. We investigated the gene expression of GABA receptors in tissue of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and non-cancerous tissues, and found that the gene expression of GABA receptor phenotypes was correlated with tumorigenesis and clinical prognosis. Methods Sixty-one snap-frozen human samples of NSCLC tissues and paired non-cancerous tissues (5cm away from tumor) were analyzed. Gene expression of GABA receptors was detected by Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Survival times in relation to the expression of GABA receptor phenotypes were analyzed. Human NSCLC cell lines H1299, A549, H520, H460 and human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B were used to determine the phenotypes of GABA inhibitory effects on cancer cell growth. The effects of exogenous administration of GABA on H1299 cell growth were examined. Results The gene expressions were significantly higher in NSCLC tissues than in the paired non-cancerous tissues for GABAA receptor subunit α3 (GABRA3, P = 0.030); for GABAA receptor subunit epsilon (GABRE, P = 0.036); and GABAB receptor subunit 2 (GABBR2, P = 0.005). Kaplan-Meier curves showed that patients with high expression of GABBR2 gene and low expression of GABRA3 gene had a better prognosis (P < 0.05). The administration of GABA resulted in suppressed proliferation of NSCLC cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The use of the GABA receptor antagonist CGP35348 could reverse the inhibitory effect. Conclusions The pattern of GABA receptor gene phenotype expression may be involved in the regulation of tumorigenesis. A high expression of GABBR2 with a low expression of GABRA3 may predict a better outcome. The treatment with GABA attenuates cancer cell growth in vitro. The expression of GABA receptor may be not only promising genetic therapeutic targets but may also serve as valuable prognostic markers for NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zhang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080 Guangdong Province, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Skoblov M, Marakhonov A, Marakasova E, Guskova A, Chandhoke V, Birerdinc A, Baranova A. Protein partners of KCTD proteins provide insights about their functional roles in cell differentiation and vertebrate development. Bioessays 2013; 35:586-96. [PMID: 23592240 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201300002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The KCTD family includes tetramerization (T1) domain containing proteins with diverse biological effects. We identified a novel member of the KCTD family, BTBD10. A comprehensive analysis of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) allowed us to put forth a number of testable hypotheses concerning the biological functions for individual KCTD proteins. In particular, we predict that KCTD20 participates in the AKT-mTOR-p70 S6k signaling cascade, KCTD5 plays a role in cytokinesis in a NEK6 and ch-TOG-dependent manner, KCTD10 regulates the RhoA/RhoB pathway. Developmental regulator KCTD15 represses AP-2α and contributes to energy homeostasis by suppressing early adipogenesis. TNFAIP1-like KCTD proteins may participate in post-replication DNA repair through PCNA ubiquitination. KCTD12 may suppress the proliferation of gastrointestinal cells through interference with GABAb signaling. KCTD9 deserves experimental attention as the only eukaryotic protein with a DNA-like pentapeptide repeat domain. The value of manual curation of PPIs and analysis of existing high-throughput data should not be underestimated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Skoblov
- Research Center for Medical Genetics RAMS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
95
|
Schnorbusch K, Lembrechts R, Pintelon I, Timmermans JP, Brouns I, Adriaensen D. GABAergic signaling in the pulmonary neuroepithelial body microenvironment: functional imaging in GAD67-GFP mice. Histochem Cell Biol 2013; 140:549-66. [PMID: 23568330 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-013-1093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) of vertebrates, but has also been reported in multiple cell types outside the CNS. A GABAergic system has been proposed in neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) in monkey lungs. Pulmonary NEBs are known as complex intraepithelial sensory airway receptors and are part of the NEB microenvironment. Aim of the present study was to unravel a GABAergic signaling system in the NEB microenvironment in mouse lungs, enabling the use of genetically modified animals for future functional studies. Immunostaining of mouse lungs revealed that glutamic acid decarboxylase 65/67 (GAD65/67), a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of GABA, and the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) were exclusively expressed in NEB cells. In GAD67-green fluorescent protein (GFP) knock-in mice, all pulmonary NEBs appeared to express GFP. For confocal live cell imaging, ex vivo vibratome lung slices of GAD67-GFP mice can be directly loaded with fluorescent functional probes, e.g. a red-fluorescent calcium dye, without the necessity of time-consuming prior live visualization of NEBs. RT-PCR of the NEB microenvironment obtained by laser microdissection revealed the presence of both GABAA and GABAB (R1 and R2) receptors, which was confirmed by immunostaining. In conclusion, the present study not only revealed the presence of a GABAergic signaling pathway, but also the very selective expression of GFP in pulmonary NEBs in a GAD67-GFP mouse model. Different proof of concept experiments have clearly shown that adoption of the GAD67-GFP mouse model will certainly boost future functional imaging and gene expression analysis of the mouse NEB microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Schnorbusch
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
96
|
Koh M, Lee JC, Min C, Moon A. A novel metformin derivative, HL010183, inhibits proliferation and invasion of triple-negative breast cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:2305-2313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
97
|
Gamma-aminobutyric acid binds to GABAb receptor to inhibit cholangiocarcinoma cells growth via the JAK/STAT3 pathway. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58:734-43. [PMID: 23007731 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-012-2382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been reported to inhibit the growth of cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cells, but the mechanisms are still not fully understood. AIMS To explore the mechanisms of the anti-cancer effect of GABA on QBC939 cells. METHODS An initial immunohistochemistry study of the expressions of GABA receptors in cholangiocarcinoma tissues was followed by the culture and treatment of QBC939 cells for 48 h with GABA, GABA + bicuculine (GABAA receptor antagonist), GABA + phaclofen (GABAB receptor antagonist), and GABA + AG490 (Janus Kinase inhibitor). MTT and Annexin V-FITC/PI binding assays were used to determine the proliferation and apoptosis of the QBC939 cells. The expression of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and phosphorylated STAT3 (Tyr705) [p-STAT3 (Tyr705)] was evaluated by the western blot assay. The effect of GABA on the growth of QBC939 xenograft tumors in athymic nu/nu mice was examined, and p-STAT3 (Tyr705) expression in xenograft tumors was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS A significant difference was only observed in GABAB receptor expression between cholangiocarcinoma and normal bile tissues. The MTT and Annexin V-FITC/PI assays showed that the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of GABA on QBC939 cells could be antagonized by phaclofen and AG490, but not bicuculine. GABA significantly down-regulated p-STAT3 (Tyr705) expression; this action was also antagonized by phaclofen and AG490. GABA also effectively inhibited xenograft tumor growth, and p-STAT3 (Tyr705) expression was significantly decreased in GABA-treated xenograft tumors. CONCLUSIONS GABA may inhibit the growth of cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cells through the GABAB receptor, and the anti-cancer effects may be partly mediated via the JAK/STAT3 pathway.
Collapse
|
98
|
GABA exists as a negative regulator of cell proliferation in spermatogonial stem cells. [corrected]. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2013; 18:149-62. [PMID: 23430456 PMCID: PMC6275874 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-013-0081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. GABA is also found in many peripheral tissues, where it has important functions during development. Here, we identified the existence of the GABA system in spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and found that GABA negatively regulates SSC proliferation. First, we demonstrated that GABA and its synthesizing enzymes were abundant in the testes 6 days postpartum (dpp), suggesting that GABA signaling regulates SSCs function in vivo. In order to directly examine the effect of GABA on SSC proliferation, we then established an in vitro culture system for long-term expansion of SSCs. We showed that GABAA receptor subunits, including α1, α5, β1, β2, β3 and γ3, the synthesizing enzyme GAD67, and the transporter GAT-1, are expressed in SSCs. Using phosphorylated histone H3 (pH3) staining, we demonstrated that GABA or the GABAAR-specific agonist muscimol reduced the proliferation of SSCs. This GABA regulation of SSC proliferation was shown to be independent of apoptosis using the TUNEL assay. These results suggest that GABA acts as a negative regulator of SSC proliferation to maintain the homeostasis of spermatogenesis in the testes.
Collapse
|
99
|
Becchetti A. Neuronal nicotinic receptors in sleep-related epilepsy: studies in integrative biology. ISRN BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:262941. [PMID: 25969754 PMCID: PMC4392997 DOI: 10.5402/2012/262941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although Mendelian diseases are rare, when considered one by one, overall they constitute a significant social burden. Besides the medical aspects, they propose us one of the most general biological problems. Given the simplest physiological perturbation of an organism, that is, a single gene mutation, how do its effects percolate through the hierarchical biological levels to determine the pathogenesis? And how robust is the physiological system to this perturbation? To solve these problems, the study of genetic epilepsies caused by mutant ion channels presents special advantages, as it can exploit the full range of modern experimental methods. These allow to extend the functional analysis from single channels to whole brains. An instructive example is autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE), which can be caused by mutations in neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. In vitro, such mutations often produce hyperfunctional receptors, at least in heterozygous condition. However, understanding how this leads to sleep-related frontal epilepsy is all but straightforward. Several available animal models are helping us to determine the effects of ADNFLE mutations on the mammalian brain. Because of the complexity of the cholinergic regulation in both developing and mature brains, several pathogenic mechanisms are possible, which also present different therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Becchetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Planamente S, Mondy S, Hommais F, Vigouroux A, Moréra S, Faure D. Structural basis for selective GABA binding in bacterial pathogens. Mol Microbiol 2012; 86:1085-99. [PMID: 23043322 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
GABA acts as an intercellular signal in eukaryotes and as an interspecies signal in host-microbe interactions. Structural characteristics of selective eukaryotic GABA receptors and bacterial GABA sensors are unknown. Here, we identified the selective GABA-binding protein, called Atu4243, in the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens. A constructed atu4243 mutant was affected in GABA transport and in expression of the GABA-regulated functions, including aggressiveness on two plant hosts and degradation of the quorum-sensing signal. The GABA-bound Atu4243 structure at 1.28 Å reveals that GABA adopts a conformation never observed so far and interacts with two key residues, Arg(203) and Asp(226) of which the role in GABA binding and GABA signalling in Agrobacterium has been validated using appropriate mutants. The conformational GABA-analogue trans-4-aminocrotonic acid (TACA) antagonizes GABA activity, suggesting structural similarities between the binding sites of the bacterial sensor Atu4243 and mammalian GABA(C) receptors. Exploration of genomic databases reveals Atu4243 orthologues in several pathogenic and symbiotic proteobacteria, such as Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Burkholderia and Pseudomonas. Thus, this study establishes a structural basis for selective GABA sensors and offers opportunities for deciphering the role of the GABA-mediated communication in several host-pathogen interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Planamente
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, CNRS, avenue de la terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|