51
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Tiwari P, Blank A, Cui C, Schoenfelt KQ, Zhou G, Xu Y, Khramtsova G, Olopade F, Shah AM, Khan SA, Rosner MR, Becker L. Metabolically activated adipose tissue macrophages link obesity to triple-negative breast cancer. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1345-1358. [PMID: 31053611 PMCID: PMC6547867 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tiwari et al. identify metabolically activated macrophages in obese mammary adipose tissue as an important source of IL-6, which fuels triple-negative breast cancer stemness and tumorigenesis through GP130 signaling. These mechanistic insights provide potential targets for treating obesity-associated triple-negative breast cancer. Obesity is associated with increased incidence and severity of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC); however, mechanisms underlying this relationship are incompletely understood. Here, we show that obesity reprograms mammary adipose tissue macrophages to a pro-inflammatory metabolically activated phenotype (MMe) that alters the niche to support tumor formation. Unlike pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages that antagonize tumorigenesis, MMe macrophages are pro-tumorigenic and represent the dominant macrophage phenotype in mammary adipose tissue of obese humans and mice. MMe macrophages release IL-6 in an NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)–dependent manner, which signals through glycoprotein 130 (GP130) on TNBC cells to promote stem-like properties including tumor formation. Deleting Nox2 in myeloid cells or depleting GP130 in TNBC cells attenuates obesity-augmented TNBC stemness. Moreover, weight loss reverses the effects of obesity on MMe macrophage inflammation and TNBC tumor formation. Our studies implicate MMe macrophage accumulation in mammary adipose tissue as a mechanism for promoting TNBC stemness and tumorigenesis during obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Tiwari
- Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Ariane Blank
- Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Chang Cui
- Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Kelly Q Schoenfelt
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Guolin Zhou
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Yanfei Xu
- Department of Surgery and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Galina Khramtsova
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Funmi Olopade
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Ajay M Shah
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College, London British Hearth Foundation Centre, London, UK
| | - Seema A Khan
- Department of Surgery and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Marsha Rich Rosner
- Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL .,Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Lev Becker
- Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL .,Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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52
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Moresi V, Adamo S, Berghella L. The JAK/STAT Pathway in Skeletal Muscle Pathophysiology. Front Physiol 2019; 10:500. [PMID: 31114509 PMCID: PMC6502894 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is a key intracellular mediator of a variety of metabolically relevant hormones and cytokines, including the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family of cytokines. The JAK/STAT pathway transmits extracellular signals to the nucleus, leading to the transcription of genes involved in multiple biological activities. The JAK/STAT pathway has been reported to be required for the homeostasis of different tissues and organs. Indeed, when deregulated, it promotes the initiation and progression of pathological conditions, including cancer, obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic diseases. In skeletal muscle, activation of the JAK/STAT pathway by the IL-6 cytokines accounts for opposite effects: on the one hand, it promotes muscle hypertrophy, by increasing the proliferation of satellite cells; on the other hand, it contributes to muscle wasting. The expression of IL-6 and of key members of the JAK/STAT pathway is regulated at the epigenetic level through histone methylation and histone acetylation mechanisms. Thus, manipulation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway by specific inhibitors and/or drugs that modulate epigenetics is a promising therapeutic intervention for the treatment of numerous diseases. We focus this review on the JAK/STAT pathway functions in striated muscle pathophysiology and the potential role of IL-6 as an effector of the cross talk between skeletal muscle and other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Moresi
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, DAHFMO, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Adamo
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, DAHFMO, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Rome, Italy
| | - Libera Berghella
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, DAHFMO, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
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53
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Qin X, Lu M, Zhou Y, Li G, Liu Z. LncRNA FENDRR represses proliferation, migration and invasion through suppression of survivin in cholangiocarcinoma cells. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:889-897. [PMID: 30983519 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1598726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was to investigate the biological function and underlying mechanisms of FENDRR in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell proliferation, migration and invasion. FENDRR and survivin expression in CCA tissues or cell lines were measured by qRT-PCR. In QBC939 and HuCCTl cells, cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8, cell migration and invasion were using transwell assay. RNA pull-down and RIP assay were performed to determine whether FENDRR can combine with SETDB1 in CCA cell. The effect of SETDB1 on survivin and H3K9me1 expression in CCA cells were determined by western blotting. ChIP analysis was performed to analyze the combination of SETDB1 with survivin promoter in CCA cell. The effect of SETDB1 knockdown on survivin and H3K9me1 expression in CCA cells after transfection with FENDRR were determined by western blotting. The results showed that lncRNA FENDRR was downregulated in CCA tissues and cells, and was negatively correlated with survivin expression. Further investigation demonstrated that FENDRR represses CCA cell proliferation, migration and invasion through regulating survivin expression. FENDRR associated with SETDB1 and H3K9 to epigenetically silence survivin and then regulated cell proliferation, migration and invasion. These findings indicate an important role for FENDRR-survivin axis in CCA cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and reveal a novel epigenetic mechanism for survivin silencing. Our data indicated that FENDRR silences survivin via SETDB1-mediated H3K9 methylation, thereby represses CCA cell proliferation, migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglei Qin
- a Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital , People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
| | - Min Lu
- b Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital , People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
| | - Yajun Zhou
- a Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital , People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
| | - Gang Li
- a Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital , People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
| | - Zhaoyang Liu
- a Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital , People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
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54
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Ghasemi A, Saeidi J, Azimi-Nejad M, Hashemy SI. Leptin-induced signaling pathways in cancer cell migration and invasion. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:243-260. [PMID: 30877623 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence indicates that obesity is associated with tumor development and progression. Leptin is an adipocyte-related hormone with a key role in energy metabolism and whose circulating levels are elevated in obesity. The effect of leptin on cancer progression and metastasis and its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Leptin can impact various steps in tumor metastasis, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM), and proteolysis of ECM components. To do so, leptin binds to its receptor (OB-Rb) to activate signaling pathways and downstream effectors that participate in tumor cell invasion as well as distant metastasis. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we describe metastasis steps in detail and characterize metastasis-related molecules activated by leptin, which may help to develop a roadmap that guides future work. In addition, we conclude that a profound understanding of the fundamental molecular processes that contribute to leptin-induced metastasis may pave the way for the development of new prognostic molecules and appropriate approaches to the treatment of obesity-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ghasemi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jafar Saeidi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Science, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mohsen Azimi-Nejad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Genetic, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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55
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Iyengar NM, Arthur R, Manson JE, Chlebowski RT, Kroenke CH, Peterson L, Cheng TYD, Feliciano EC, Lane D, Luo J, Nassir R, Pan K, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Kamensky V, Rohan TE, Dannenberg AJ. Association of Body Fat and Risk of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women With Normal Body Mass Index: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial and Observational Study. JAMA Oncol 2019; 5:155-163. [PMID: 30520976 PMCID: PMC6439554 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.5327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Importance Obesity is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, including the estrogen receptor (ER)-positive subtype in postmenopausal women. Whether excess adiposity is associated with increased risk in women with a normal body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) is unknown. Objective To investigate the association between body fat and breast cancer risk in women with normal BMI. Design, Setting, and Participants This ad hoc secondary analysis of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trial and observational study cohorts was restricted to postmenopausal participants with a BMI ranging from 18.5 to 24.9. Women aged 50 to 79 years were enrolled from October 1, 1993, through December 31, 1998. Of these, 3460 participants underwent body fat measurement with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at 3 US designated centers with follow-up. At a median follow-up of 16 years (range, 9-20 years), 182 incident breast cancers had been ascertained, and 146 were ER positive. Follow-up was complete on September 30, 2016, and data from October 1, 1993, through September 30, 2016, was analyzed August 2, 2017, through August 21, 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Body fat levels were measured at baseline and years 1, 3, 6, and 9 using DXA. Information on demographic data, medical history, and lifestyle factors was collected at baseline. Invasive breast cancers were confirmed via central review of medical records by physician adjudicators. Blood analyte levels were measured in subsets of participants. Results Among the 3460 women included in the analysis (mean [SD] age, 63.6 [7.6] years), multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for the risk of invasive breast cancer were 1.89 (95% CI, 1.21-2.95) for the highest quartile of whole-body fat and 1.88 (95% CI, 1.18-2.98) for the highest quartile of trunk fat mass. The corresponding adjusted hazard ratios for ER-positive breast cancer were 2.21 (95% CI, 1.23-3.67) and 1.98 (95% CI, 1.18-3.31), respectively. Similar positive associations were observed for serial DXA measurements in time-dependent covariate analyses. Circulating levels of insulin, C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, leptin, and triglycerides were higher, whereas levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and sex hormone-binding globulin were lower in those in the uppermost vs lowest quartiles of trunk fat mass. Conclusions and Relevance In postmenopausal women with normal BMI, relatively high body fat levels were associated with an elevated risk of invasive breast cancer and altered levels of circulating metabolic and inflammatory factors. Normal BMI categorization may be an inadequate proxy for the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00000611.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil M. Iyengar
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Rhonda Arthur
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rowan T. Chlebowski
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | | | - Lindsay Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | | | | | - Dorothy Lane
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University, Indianapolis
| | - Rami Nassir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis
| | - Kathy Pan
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) Medical Center, Los Angeles
| | | | - Victor Kamensky
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Thomas E. Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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56
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Andò S, Gelsomino L, Panza S, Giordano C, Bonofiglio D, Barone I, Catalano S. Obesity, Leptin and Breast Cancer: Epidemiological Evidence and Proposed Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010062. [PMID: 30634494 PMCID: PMC6356310 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has been steadily increasing over the past few decades in several developed and developing countries, with resultant hazardous health implications. Substantial epidemiological evidence has shown that excessive adiposity strongly influences risk, prognosis, and progression of various malignancies, including breast cancer. Indeed, it is now well recognized that obesity is a complex physiologic state associated with multiple molecular changes capable of modulating the behavior of breast tumor cells as well of the surrounding microenvironment. Particularly, insulin resistance, hyperactivation of insulin-like growth factor pathways, and increased levels of estrogen due to aromatization by the adipose tissue, inflammatory cytokines, and adipokines contribute to breast cancerogenesis. Among adipokines, leptin, whose circulating levels increase proportionally to total adipose tissue mass, has been identified as a key member of the molecular network in obesity. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the epidemiological link existing between obesity and breast cancer and outlines the molecular mechanisms underlying this connection. The multifaceted role of the obesity adipokine leptin in this respect is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Luca Gelsomino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Salvatore Panza
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
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57
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Bolf EL, Sprague BL, Carr FE. A Linkage Between Thyroid and Breast Cancer: A Common Etiology? Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 28:643-649. [PMID: 30541751 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast and thyroid cancers are two malignancies with highest incidence in women. These cancers often occur metachronously. Women with thyroid cancer are at increased risk for subsequent breast cancer; women with breast cancer have an increased incidence of later development of thyroid cancer, suggesting a common etiology. This bidirectional relationship is reported worldwide; however, the underlying reasons for this co-occurrence are unknown. In this review, we summarize the current epidemiologic evidence and putative mechanisms of these metachronous or synchronous cancers. Key potential causative factors are chemotherapy and radiotherapy of the primary tumor, genetic variants linking the two diseases, hormonal signaling both from the thyroid gland and from estrogens, and lifestyle and environmental factors. There is a critical need for additional epidemiologic studies focused on gender and regional incidence together with molecular investigations on common tumorigenic pathways in these endocrine cancers. Understanding the putative mechanisms will aid in the diagnosis and clinical management of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Bolf
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Brian L Sprague
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Surgery, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Frances E Carr
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont. .,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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58
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Olea-Flores M, Juárez-Cruz JC, Mendoza-Catalán MA, Padilla-Benavides T, Navarro-Tito N. Signaling Pathways Induced by Leptin during Epithelial⁻Mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3493. [PMID: 30404206 PMCID: PMC6275018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is an adipokine that is overexpressed in obese and overweight people. Interestingly, women with breast cancer present high levels of leptin and of its receptor ObR. Leptin plays an important role in breast cancer progression due to the biological processes it participates in, such as epithelial⁻mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT consists of a series of orchestrated events in which cell⁻cell and cell⁻extracellular matrix interactions are altered and lead to the release of epithelial cells from the surrounding tissue. The cytoskeleton is also re-arranged, allowing the three-dimensional movement of epithelial cells into the extracellular matrix. This transition provides cells with the ability to migrate and invade adjacent or distal tissues, which is a classic feature of invasive or metastatic carcinoma cells. In recent years, the number of cases of breast cancer has increased, making this disease a public health problem worldwide and the leading cause of death due to cancer in women. In this review, we focus on recent advances that establish: (1) leptin as a risk factor for the development of breast cancer, and (2) leptin as an inducer of EMT, an event that promotes tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monserrat Olea-Flores
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Chilpancingo, GRO 39090, México.
| | - Juan Carlos Juárez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Chilpancingo, GRO 39090, México.
| | - Miguel A Mendoza-Catalán
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Chilpancingo, GRO 39090, México.
| | - Teresita Padilla-Benavides
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Napoleón Navarro-Tito
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Chilpancingo, GRO 39090, México.
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59
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Bowers LW, Rossi EL, McDonell SB, Doerstling SS, Khatib SA, Lineberger CG, Albright JE, Tang X, deGraffenried LA, Hursting SD. Leptin Signaling Mediates Obesity-Associated CSC Enrichment and EMT in Preclinical TNBC Models. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:869-879. [PMID: 29453319 PMCID: PMC5967653 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Preclinical models of TNBC were used to test the hypothesis that increased leptin signaling drives obesity-associated TNBC development by promoting cancer stem cell (CSC) enrichment and/or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). MMTV-Wnt-1 transgenic mice, which develop spontaneous basal-like, triple-negative mammary tumors, received either a control diet (10% kcal from fat) or a diet-induced obesity regimen (DIO, 60% kcal from fat) for up to 42 weeks (n = 15/group). Mice were monitored for tumor development and euthanized when tumor diameter reached 1.5 cm. Tumoral gene expression was assessed via RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). DIO mice had greater body weight and percent body fat at termination than controls. DIO mice, versus controls, demonstrated reduced survival, increased systemic metabolic and inflammatory perturbations, upregulated tumoral CSC/EMT gene signature, elevated tumoral aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (a CSC marker), and greater leptin signaling. In cell culture experiments using TNBC cells (murine: E-Wnt and M-Wnt; human: MDA-MB-231), leptin enhanced mammosphere formation, and media supplemented with serum from DIO versus control mice increased cell viability, migration, invasion, and CSC- and EMT-related gene expression, including Foxc2, Twist2, Vim, Akt3, and Sox2 In E-Wnt cells, knockdown of leptin receptor ablated these procancer effects induced by DIO mouse serum. These findings indicate that increased leptin signaling is causally linked to obesity-associated TNBC development by promoting CSC enrichment and EMT.Implications: Leptin-associated signals impacting CSC and EMT may provide new targets and intervention strategies for decreasing TNBC burden in obese women. Mol Cancer Res; 16(5); 869-79. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura W Bowers
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Emily L Rossi
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Shannon B McDonell
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Steven S Doerstling
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Subreen A Khatib
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Claire G Lineberger
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jody E Albright
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Xiaohu Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
| | | | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina
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60
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Implications of STAT3 and STAT5 signaling on gene regulation and chromatin remodeling in hematopoietic cancer. Leukemia 2018; 32:1713-1726. [PMID: 29728695 PMCID: PMC6087715 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
STAT3 and STAT5 proteins are oncogenic downstream mediators of the JAK–STAT pathway. Deregulated STAT3 and STAT5 signaling promotes cancer cell proliferation and survival in conjunction with other core cancer pathways. Nuclear phosphorylated STAT3 and STAT5 regulate cell-type-specific transcription profiles via binding to promoter elements and exert more complex functions involving interaction with various transcriptional coactivators or corepressors and chromatin remodeling proteins. The JAK–STAT pathway can rapidly reshape the chromatin landscape upon cytokine, hormone, or growth factor stimulation and unphosphorylated STAT proteins also appear to be functional with respect to regulating chromatin accessibility. Notably, cancer genome landscape studies have implicated mutations in various epigenetic modifiers as well as the JAK–STAT pathway as underlying causes of many cancers, particularly acute leukemia and lymphomas. However, it is incompletely understood how mutations within these pathways can interact and synergize to promote cancer. We summarize the current knowledge of oncogenic STAT3 and STAT5 functions downstream of cytokine signaling and provide details on prerequisites for DNA binding and gene transcription. We also discuss key interactions of STAT3 and STAT5 with chromatin remodeling factors such as DNA methyltransferases, histone modifiers, cofactors, corepressors, and other transcription factors.
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61
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Pan MR, Hsu MC, Luo CW, Chen LT, Shan YS, Hung WC. The histone methyltransferase G9a as a therapeutic target to override gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:61136-61151. [PMID: 27531902 PMCID: PMC5308641 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine (GEM) resistance is a critical issue for pancreatic cancer treatment. The involvement of epigenetic modification in GEM resistance is still unclear. We established a GEM-resistant subline PANC-1-R from the parental PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells and found the elevation of various chromatin-modifying enzymes including G9a in GEM-resistant cells. Ectopic expression of G9a in PANC-1 cells increased GEM resistance while inactivation of G9a in PANC-1-R cells reduced it. Challenge of PANC-1 cells with GEM increased the expression of stemness markers including CD133, nestin and Lgr5 and promoted sphere forming activity suggesting chemotherapy enriched cancer cells with stem-like properties. Inhibition of G9a in PANC-1-R cells reduced stemness and invasiveness and sensitized the cells to GEM. We revealed interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a downstream effector of G9a to increase GEM resistance. G9a-overexpressing PANC-1-R cells exhibited autocrine IL-8/CXCR1/2 stimulation to increase GEM resistance which could be decreased by anti-IL-8 antibody and G9a inhibitor. IL-8 released by cancer cells also activated pancreatic stellate cell (PSC) to increase GEM resistance. In orthotopic animal model, GEM could not suppress tumor growth of PANC-1-R cells and eventually promoted tumor metastasis. Combination with G9a inhibitor and GEM reduced tumor growth, metastasis, IL-8 expression and PSC activation in animals. Finally, we showed that overexpression of G9a correlated with poor survival and early recurrence in pancreatic cancer patients. Collectively, our results suggest G9a is a therapeutic target to override GEM resistance in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ren Pan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chuan Hsu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wen Luo
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Hung
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
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62
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Gui X, Chen H, Cai H, Sun L, Gu L. Leptin promotes pulmonary fibrosis development by inhibiting autophagy via PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018. [PMID: 29524411 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Leptin, a protein-related product of the obesity gene, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases including pulmonary fibrosis. As a highly conservative process, autophagy regulates various biological functions. Otherwise, insufficient autophagy has been described in alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) to cope with the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Hence, this study is to investigate the effects of leptin on fibrosis in TGF-β1 induced epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the potential roles of autophagy in this processes. Our results showed that the elevated leptin level in serum correlated with the severity of lung fibrosis and leptin significantly promoted the EMT in A549 cells as evidenced by promoting collagen I and α-SMA production. Additionally, treatment with leptin decreased autophagosome formation, inhibited the lipidation of LC3I to LC3II, and up-regulated the expression of p62 via activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which is indicative of inhibition of autophagy by leptin. Finally, rapmycin pretreatment reversed the pro-fibrogenic effects of leptin. Taken together, our study suggested that leptin accelerated the EMT of A549 cells through inhibiting autophagy via PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhua Gui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower clinical medical college of Nanjing Medical University, 210008, Nanjing, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Hourong Cai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower clinical medical college of Nanjing Medical University, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, 210008, Nanjing, China.
| | - Luo Gu
- Department of Physiology of Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China.
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63
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Nagahashi M, Yamada A, Katsuta E, Aoyagi T, Huang WC, Terracina KP, Hait NC, Allegood JC, Tsuchida J, Yuza K, Nakajima M, Abe M, Sakimura K, Milstien S, Wakai T, Spiegel S, Takabe K. Targeting the SphK1/S1P/S1PR1 Axis That Links Obesity, Chronic Inflammation, and Breast Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Res 2018; 78:1713-1725. [PMID: 29351902 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although obesity with associated inflammation is now recognized as a risk factor for breast cancer and distant metastases, the functional basis for these connections remain poorly understood. Here, we show that in breast cancer patients and in animal breast cancer models, obesity is a sufficient cause for increased expression of the bioactive sphingolipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which mediates cancer pathogenesis. A high-fat diet was sufficient to upregulate expression of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), the enzyme that produces S1P, along with its receptor S1PR1 in syngeneic and spontaneous breast tumors. Targeting the SphK1/S1P/S1PR1 axis with FTY720/fingolimod attenuated key proinflammatory cytokines, macrophage infiltration, and tumor progression induced by obesity. S1P produced in the lung premetastatic niche by tumor-induced SphK1 increased macrophage recruitment into the lung and induced IL6 and signaling pathways important for lung metastatic colonization. Conversely, FTY720 suppressed IL6, macrophage infiltration, and S1P-mediated signaling pathways in the lung induced by a high-fat diet, and it dramatically reduced formation of metastatic foci. In tumor-bearing mice, FTY720 similarly reduced obesity-related inflammation, S1P signaling, and pulmonary metastasis, thereby prolonging survival. Taken together, our results establish a critical role for circulating S1P produced by tumors and the SphK1/S1P/S1PR1 axis in obesity-related inflammation, formation of lung metastatic niches, and breast cancer metastasis, with potential implications for prevention and treatment.Significance: These findings offer a preclinical proof of concept that signaling by a sphingolipid may be an effective target to prevent obesity-related breast cancer metastasis. Cancer Res; 78(7); 1713-25. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Nagahashi
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan. .,Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Akimitsu Yamada
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eriko Katsuta
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York.,Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Tomoyoshi Aoyagi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Wei-Ching Huang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Krista P Terracina
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Nitai C Hait
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Jeremy C Allegood
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Junko Tsuchida
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kizuki Yuza
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masato Nakajima
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
| | - Sheldon Milstien
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan. .,Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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64
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Sahoo AK, Das JK, Nayak S. Isolation, culture, characterization, and osteogenic differentiation of canine endometrial mesenchymal stem cell. Vet World 2017; 10:1533-1541. [PMID: 29391698 PMCID: PMC5771182 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1533-1541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim In this study, the canine endometrium tissue is characterized for its stem cell properties such as adherence to tissue culture plate (plasticity), short population doubling time, serial clonal passaging, long-term culturing properties, stem cell marker expression, and multilineage differentiation potential. Materials and Methods The present work describes a novel isolation protocol for obtaining mesenchymal stem cells from the uterine endometrium and is compared with cells derived from umbilical cord matrix as a positive control. These cells are clonogenic, can undergo several population doublings in vitro, and can be differentiated to the osteocytes in mature mesenchymal tissues when grown in osteogenic differentiation media as detected by Alizarin Red-S staining. Results It is reported for the first time that the cells derived from the canine endometrium (e-multipotent stem cells [MSCs]) were able to differentiate into a heterologous cell type: Osteocytes, thus demonstrating the presence of MSCs. Thus, the endometrium may be told as a potential source of MSCs which can be used for various therapeutic purposes. Conclusion The endometrium can be used as a potential source of MSCs, which can be used for various therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India
| | - J K Das
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India
| | - S Nayak
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India
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65
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Liu Y, Choi DS, Sheng J, Ensor JE, Liang DH, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Polley A, Benz S, Elemento O, Verma A, Cong Y, Wong H, Qian W, Li Z, Granados-Principal S, Lopez-Berestein G, Landis MD, Rosato RR, Dave B, Wong S, Marchetti D, Sood AK, Chang JC. HN1L Promotes Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Stem Cells through LEPR-STAT3 Pathway. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 10:212-227. [PMID: 29249663 PMCID: PMC5768915 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we show that HEMATOLOGICAL AND NEUROLOGICAL EXPRESSED 1-LIKE (HN1L) is a targetable breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) gene that is altered in 25% of whole breast cancer and significantly correlated with shorter overall or relapse-free survival in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. HN1L silencing reduced the population of BCSCs, inhibited tumor initiation, resensitized chemoresistant tumors to docetaxel, and hindered cancer progression in multiple TNBC cell line-derived xenografts. Additionally, gene signatures associated with HN1L correlated with shorter disease-free survival of TNBC patients. We defined HN1L as a BCSC transcription regulator for genes involved in the LEPR-STAT3 signaling axis as HN1L binds to a putative consensus upstream sequence of STAT3, LEPTIN RECEPTOR, and MIR-150. Our data reveal that BCSCs in TNBC depend on the transcription regulator HN1L for the sustained activation of the LEPR-STAT3 pathway, which makes it a potentially important target for both prognosis and BCSC therapy. HN1L expression is correlated with shorter survival of TNBC patients HN1L regulates BCSCs by promoting the STAT3 signaling pathway HN1L: novel transcription regulator of LEPR and miR-150, upstream regulators of STAT3 HN1L-regulated gene signatures can predict clinical outcomes in TNBC patients
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main Street, Floor 24, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dong Soon Choi
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main Street, Floor 24, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianting Sheng
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joe E Ensor
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main Street, Floor 24, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Diana Hwang Liang
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Steve Benz
- NantOmics, LLC, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Yang Cong
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Helen Wong
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main Street, Floor 24, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Qian
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main Street, Floor 24, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sergio Granados-Principal
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main Street, Floor 24, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Melissa D Landis
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main Street, Floor 24, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roberto R Rosato
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main Street, Floor 24, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bhuvanesh Dave
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main Street, Floor 24, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stephen Wong
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dario Marchetti
- Biomarker Research Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jenny C Chang
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main Street, Floor 24, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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66
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Chen K, Zhang F, Ding J, Liang Y, Zhan Z, Zhan Y, Chen LH, Ding Y. Histone Methyltransferase SETDB1 Promotes the Progression of Colorectal Cancer by Inhibiting the Expression of TP53. J Cancer 2017; 8:3318-3330. [PMID: 29158805 PMCID: PMC5665049 DOI: 10.7150/jca.20482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SETDB1 is a novel histone methyltransferase associated with the functional tri-methylation of histone H3K9. Although aberrant high expression of SETDB1 was experimentally obversed in a variety of solid tumors, its underlying mechanisms in human carcinogenesis are not well known. In this study, we investigated the expression of SETDB1 in a large cohort of colorectal cancer (CRC) samples and cell lines for the first time. Our findings showed that SETDB1 was highly expressed in majority CRC tissues and cell lines; moreover, up-regulation of SETDB1 was negatively correlated with the survival rate of CRC patients. Functionally, over-expression of SETDB1 significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo, while knocking down SETDB1 suppressed their growth. Mechanistically, we showed that over-expression of SETDB1 significantly inhibited the apoptosis induced by 5-Fluorouracil in CRC cells, which was closely related to the inhibition of TP53 and BAX expression. Furthermore, we confirmed that SETDB1 could be recruited to the promoter region of TP53, which might contribute its inhibition of apoptosis. For conclusion, our study indicated that SETDB1 is essential for colorectal carcinogenesis, and may be a newly target for treatment and prognostic evaluation in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keli Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,HuiQiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jie Ding
- HuiQiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yonghao Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zetao Zhan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yizhi Zhan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Long-Hua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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67
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Huang Y, Jin Q, Su M, Ji F, Wang N, Zhong C, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Yang J, Wei L, Chen T, Li B. Leptin promotes the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells by upregulating ACAT2. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2017; 40:537-547. [PMID: 28770546 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-017-0342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, it has been shown that obesity may be considered as a risk factor for breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Leptin, a hormone whose level is elevated in obesity, has been suggested to be involved in the development of breast cancer, and univariate survival analyses have shown that over-expression of ACAT2, an enzyme that is involved in the production of cholesteryl esters, may be associated with a poor prognosis. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of leptin on the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells, as well as to elucidate its underlying mode of action. METHODS Gene expression changes in leptin treated breast cancer-derived MCF-7, T47D and BT474 cells were assessed using PCR array, qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses. The expression patterns of Ob-R (leptin receptor) and ACAT2 in breast cancer cells and primary breast cancer tissue samples were analyzed using immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Leptin-induced proliferation of breast cancer cells was assessed using a CCK8 assay, and scratch wound and Transwell assays were used to assess breast cancer cell invasion and migration. RESULTS We found that, among the genes tested, ACAT2 expression exhibited the most significant changes in the leptin treated cells. In addition, we found that inhibition of ACAT2 expression using pyripyropene A (PPPA) or siRNA-mediated gene silencing significantly decreased leptin-induced proliferation, migration and invasion of MCF-7 and T47D cells. Subsequent Western blot analyses strongly indicated that the PI3K/AKT/SREBP2 signaling pathway was involved in leptin-induced ACAT2 upregulation in both MCF-7 and T47D cells. Finally, through the analysis of primary breast cancer tissue samples we found that ACAT2 may affect cancer progression through activation of the Ob-R. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that leptin may enhance the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells via ACAT2 up-regulation through the PI3K/AKT/SREBP2 signaling pathway. Therefore, the leptin/ACAT2 axis may represent an attractive therapeutic target for breast cancer, particularly in postmenopausal and/or obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qianni Jin
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Min Su
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Feihu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Nian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Changli Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yulin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Junhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Tingmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Otolarynology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Del Carmen Martínez-Jiménez V, Méndez-Mancilla A, Patricia Portales-Pérez D. miRNAs in nutrition, obesity, and cancer: The biology of miRNAs in metabolic disorders and its relationship with cancer development. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 28594107 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The scope of this review is to explain how metabolic disorders originated by a deficient nutrition can develop into a neoplastic process by the alteration of epigenetic mechanisms like miRNAs. Obesity is a proinflammatory state with a wide impact on health around the world that is associated with neoplastic diseases. Epigenetic mechanisms have a central role in the obesogenic environment, which participates on the development of comorbidities such as cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS We made an exhaustive review of the most recent reports about metabolic disorders with nutrition and their relationship with miRNAs, and their risk of developing into oncogenic processes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as one of the major epigenetic mechanisms that can affect the metabolic reprogramming of cellular metabolism that plays an important role in the oncogenic process. There is evidence that some foods may contribute to diminishing the risk of cancer as well as epidemiological studies that support the notion that diets high in animal protein and fat promote cancer risk. Therefore, diets high in fruit and vegetables reduce the risk of cancer. One of the principal explanations is that these foods contain bioactive compounds that increase the efficacy of epigenetic mechanisms, which in turn decrease the risk of obesity and its comorbidities. CONCLUSION In this review, we show how miRNAs are implicated in several signaling pathways as well as illustrating some bioactive compounds that impact inflammation and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro Méndez-Mancilla
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UASLP San Luis Potosí, SLP México
| | - Diana Patricia Portales-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UASLP San Luis Potosí, SLP México
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69
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Retinoic acid directs breast cancer cell state changes through regulation of TET2-PKCζ pathway. Oncogene 2017; 36:3193-3206. [PMID: 28218902 PMCID: PMC5541263 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The key molecular mechanism governing the cancer cell state (stem cell-like state vs differentiation state) to control the cancer stem cell (CSC) pool remains elusive. This study provides the first evidence showing that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induces the interaction and chromatin recruitment of a novel RARβ-TET2 complex to epigenetically activate a specific cohort of gene targets, including MiR-200c. TET2-activated miR-200c further targets and suppresses PKCζ, a cell polarity protein that has a pivotal role in directing asymmetric division of mammalian stem cells to sustain the stem cell pool. Our data reveal that pharmacological concentration of ATRA effectively downregulates PKCζ through activation of miR-200c, leading to a decrease of the stem cell-like populations from non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial cells and non-aggressive breast cancer cells. However, aggressive breast cancer cells that manifest TET2-miR-200c dysregulation sustain a CSC pool highly resistant to ATRA, where inhibition of PKCζ directs the resistant CSCs to the luminal cell-like state and sensitization to tamoxifen, resulting in abrogation of mammary tumor growth and progression. Together, these findings elucidate a novel RARβ-TET2-miR-200c-PKCζ signaling pathway that directs cancer cell state changes and also provide previously unidentified therapeutic implications for PKCζ inhibitors in diminishment of breast CSCs to eradicate breast cancer.
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70
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Iyengar NM, Brown KA, Zhou XK, Gucalp A, Subbaramaiah K, Giri DD, Zahid H, Bhardwaj P, Wendel NK, Falcone DJ, Wang H, Williams S, Pollak M, Morrow M, Hudis CA, Dannenberg AJ. Metabolic Obesity, Adipose Inflammation and Elevated Breast Aromatase in Women with Normal Body Mass Index. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2017; 10:235-243. [PMID: 28270386 PMCID: PMC5380584 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with breast white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation, elevated levels of the estrogen biosynthetic enzyme, aromatase, and systemic changes that have been linked to the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Here, we determined whether metabolic obesity, including changes in breast biology and systemic effects, occurs in a subset of women with normal body mass index (BMI). Breast WAT and fasting blood were collected from 72 women with normal BMI (<25 kg/m2) undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer risk reduction or treatment. WAT inflammation was defined by the presence of crown-like structures of the breast (CLS-B) which are composed of dead or dying adipocytes surrounded by macrophages. Severity of inflammation was measured as CLS-B/cm2 The primary objective was to determine whether breast WAT inflammation is associated with aromatase expression and activity. Secondary objectives included assessment of circulating factors and breast adipocyte size. Breast WAT inflammation was present in 39% of women. Median BMI was 23.0 kg/m2 (range, 18.4-24.9 kg/m2) in women with breast WAT inflammation versus 21.8 kg/m2 (range, 17.3-24.6 kg/m2) in those without inflammation (P = 0.04). Breast WAT inflammation was associated with elevated aromatase expression and activity, which increased with severity of inflammation (P < 0.05). Breast WAT inflammation correlated with larger adipocytes (P = 0.01) and higher circulating levels of C-reactive protein, leptin, insulin, and triglycerides (P ≤ 0.05). A subclinical inflammatory state associated with elevated aromatase in the breast, adipocyte hypertrophy, and systemic metabolic dysfunction occurs in some normal BMI women and may contribute to the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Cancer Prev Res; 10(4); 235-43. ©2017 AACRSee related article by Berger, p. 223-25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil M Iyengar
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Kristy A Brown
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xi Kathy Zhou
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Ayca Gucalp
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Kotha Subbaramaiah
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Dilip D Giri
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Heba Zahid
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Priya Bhardwaj
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Nils K Wendel
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Domenick J Falcone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Hanhan Wang
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Samantha Williams
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael Pollak
- Department of Medicine and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Monica Morrow
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Clifford A Hudis
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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71
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Liu CW, Hua KT, Li KC, Kao HF, Hong RL, Ko JY, Hsiao M, Kuo ML, Tan CT. Histone Methyltransferase G9a Drives Chemotherapy Resistance by Regulating the Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase Catalytic Subunit in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1421-1434. [PMID: 28265008 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0567-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transient chemotherapeutic response is a major obstacle to treating head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Histone methyltransferase G9a has recently been shown to be abundantly expressed in HNSCC, and is required to maintain the malignant phenotype. In this study, we found that high G9a expression is significantly associated with poor chemotherapeutic response and disease-free survival in HNSCC patients. Similarly, G9a expression and enzymatic activity were elevated in cisplatin-resistant HNSCC cells. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of G9a sensitized the resistant cells to cisplatin, increasing cellular apoptosis. Mechanistic investigations indicated that G9a contributes to transcriptional activation of the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), which results in upregulation of cellular glutathione (GSH) and drug resistance. In addition, we observed a significant positive correlation between G9a and GCLC expression in tumors of HNSCC patients. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that G9a protects HNSCC cells against chemotherapy by increasing the synthesis of GSH, and imply G9a as a promising target for overcoming cisplatin resistance in HNSCC. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(7); 1421-34. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wen Liu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tai Hua
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chun Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Fong Kao
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Long Hong
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jenq-Yuh Ko
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Liang Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ting Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. .,National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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72
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Chen MW, Yang ST, Chien MH, Hua KT, Wu CJ, Hsiao SM, Lin H, Hsiao M, Su JL, Wei LH. The STAT3-miRNA-92-Wnt Signaling Pathway Regulates Spheroid Formation and Malignant Progression in Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1955-1967. [PMID: 28209618 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer spheroids constitute a metastatic niche for transcoelomic spread that also engenders drug resistance. Spheroid-forming cells express active STAT3 signaling and display stem cell-like properties that may contribute to ovarian tumor progression. In this study, we show that STAT3 is hyperactivated in ovarian cancer spheroids and that STAT3 disruption in this setting is sufficient to relieve chemoresistance. In an NSG murine model of human ovarian cancer, STAT3 signaling regulated spheroid formation and self-renewal properties, whereas STAT3 attenuation reduced tumorigenicity. Mechanistic investigations revealed that Wnt signaling was required for STAT3-mediated spheroid formation. Notably, the Wnt antagonist DKK1 was the most strikingly upregulated gene in response to STAT3 attenuation in ovarian cancer cells. STAT3 signaling maintained stemness and interconnected Wnt/β-catenin signaling via the miR-92a/DKK1-regulatory pathways. Targeting STAT3 in combination with paclitaxel synergistically reduced peritoneal seeding and prolonged survival in a murine model of intraperitoneal ovarian cancer. Overall, our findings define a STAT3-miR-92a-DKK1 pathway in the generation of cancer stem-like cells in ovarian tumors, with potential therapeutic applications in blocking their progression. Cancer Res; 77(8); 1955-67. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Wei Chen
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ting Yang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institute, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tai Hua
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Jui Wu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S M Hsiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Medical Biology, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Liang Su
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institute, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Hung Wei
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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73
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Garrison CB, Lastwika KJ, Zhang Y, Li CI, Lampe PD. Proteomic Analysis, Immune Dysregulation, and Pathway Interconnections with Obesity. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:274-287. [PMID: 27769113 PMCID: PMC5234688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Proteomic studies can offer information on hundreds to thousands of proteins and potentially provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of signaling response during stress and disease. Large data sets, such as those obtained in high-dimensional proteomic studies, can be leveraged for pathway analysis to discover or describe the biological implications of clinical disease states. Obesity is a worldwide epidemic that is considered a risk factor for numerous other diseases. We performed analysis on plasma proteomic data from 3 separate sample sets of postmenopausal women to identify the pathways that are altered in subjects with a high body mass index (BMI) compared to normal BMI. We found many pathways consistently and significantly associated with inflammation dysregulated in plasma from obese/overweight subjects compared to plasma from normal BMI subjects. These pathways indicate alterations of soluble inflammatory regulators, cellular stress, and metabolic dysregulation. Our results highlight the importance of high-dimensional pathway analysis in complex diseases as well as provide information on the interconnections between pathways that are dysregulated with obesity. Specifically, overlap of obesity related pathways with those activated during cancer and infection could help describe why obesity is a risk factor for disease and help devise treatment options that mitigate its effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly B. Garrison
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Kristin J. Lastwika
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Yuzheng Zhang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Christopher I. Li
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Paul D. Lampe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
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74
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Donohoe CL, Lysaght J, O'Sullivan J, Reynolds JV. Emerging Concepts Linking Obesity with the Hallmarks of Cancer. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:46-62. [PMID: 27633129 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is compelling epidemiological evidence linking obesity to many tumours; however, the molecular mechanisms fuelling this association are not clearly understood. Emerging evidence links changes in the tumour microenvironment with the obese state, and murine and human studies highlight the relevance of adipose stromal cells (ASCs), including immune cells, both at remote fat depots, such as the omentum, as well as in peritumoural tissue. These obesity-associated changes have been implicated in several hallmarks of cancer, including the chronic inflammatory state and associated cell signalling, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumour-related fibrosis, angiogenesis, and genomic instability. Here, we present a summary of developments over the past 5 years, with particular focus on the tumour microenvironment in the obese state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Donohoe
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin/St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin/St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jacintha O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin/St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John V Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin/St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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75
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Engin A. Obesity-associated Breast Cancer: Analysis of risk factors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 960:571-606. [PMID: 28585217 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several studies show that a significantly stronger association is obvious between increased body mass index (BMI) and higher breast cancer incidence. Furthermore, obese women are at higher risk of all-cause and breast cancer specific mortality when compared to non-obese women with breast cancer. In this context, increased levels of estrogens due to excessive aromatization activity of the adipose tissue, overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, insulin resistance, hyperactivation of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) pathways, adipocyte-derived adipokines, hypercholesterolemia and excessive oxidative stress contribute to the development of breast cancer in obese women. While higher breast cancer risk with hormone replacement therapy is particularly evident among lean women, in postmenopausal women who are not taking exogenous hormones, general obesity is a significant predictor for breast cancer. Moreover, increased plasma cholesterol leads to accelerated tumor formation and exacerbates their aggressiveness. In contrast to postmenopausal women, premenopausal women with high BMI are inversely associated with breast cancer risk. Nevertheless, life-style of women for breast cancer risk is regulated by avoiding the overweight and a high-fat diet. Estrogen-plus-progestin hormone therapy users for more than 5 years have elevated risks of both invasive ductal and lobular breast cancer. Additionally, these cases are more commonly node-positive and have a higher cancer-related mortality. Collectively, in this chapter, the impacts of obesity-related estrogen, cholesterol, saturated fatty acid, leptin and adiponectin concentrations, aromatase activity, leptin and insulin resistance on breast cancer patients are evaluated. Obesity-related prognostic factors of breast cancer also are discussed at molecular basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey. .,, Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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76
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Giordano C, Chemi F, Panza S, Barone I, Bonofiglio D, Lanzino M, Cordella A, Campana A, Hashim A, Rizza P, Leggio A, Győrffy B, Simões BM, Clarke RB, Weisz A, Catalano S, Andò S. Leptin as a mediator of tumor-stromal interactions promotes breast cancer stem cell activity. Oncotarget 2016; 7:1262-75. [PMID: 26556856 PMCID: PMC4811458 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) play crucial roles in tumor initiation, metastasis and therapeutic resistance. A strict dependency between BCSCs and stromal cell components of tumor microenvironment exists. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies aimed to target the crosstalk between activated microenvironment and BCSCs have the potential to improve clinical outcome. Here, we investigated how leptin, as a mediator of tumor-stromal interactions, may affect BCSC activity using patient-derived samples (n = 16) and breast cancer cell lines, and determined the potential benefit of targeting leptin signaling in these model systems. Conditioned media (CM) from cancer-associated fibroblasts and breast adipocytes significantly increased mammosphere formation in breast cancer cells and depletion of leptin from CM completely abrogated this effect. Mammosphere cultures exhibited increased leptin receptor (OBR) expression and leptin exposure enhanced mammosphere formation. Microarray analyses revealed a similar expression profile of genes involved in stem cell biology among mammospheres treated with CM and leptin. Interestingly, leptin increased mammosphere formation in metastatic breast cancers and expression of OBR as well as HSP90, a target of leptin signaling, were directly correlated with mammosphere formation in metastatic samples (r = 0.68/p = 0.05; r = 0.71/p = 0.036, respectively). Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that OBR and HSP90 expression were associated with reduced overall survival in breast cancer patients (HR = 1.9/p = 0.022; HR = 2.2/p = 0.00017, respectively). Furthermore, blocking leptin signaling by using a full leptin receptor antagonist significantly reduced mammosphere formation in breast cancer cell lines and patient-derived samples. Our results suggest that leptin/leptin receptor signaling may represent a potential therapeutic target that can block the stromal-tumor interactions driving BCSC-mediated disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Giordano
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca Chemi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panza
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Marilena Lanzino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Angela Cordella
- IRCCS SDN (Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e Nucleare), Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonella Campana
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Adnan Hashim
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,Norwegian Centre for Molecular Medicine (NCMM), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pietro Rizza
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Antonella Leggio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.,2nd Dept. of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bruno M Simões
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert B Clarke
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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77
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Editorial overview: Endocrine and metabolic diseases: Adipocyte dysfunction fuels signalings for breast cancer progression. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2016; 31:vii-x. [PMID: 27876260 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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78
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Leptin, obesity and breast cancer: progress to understanding the molecular connections. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2016; 31:83-89. [PMID: 27816025 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has a complicated connection to both breast cancer risk and the clinical behaviour of the established disease. The obese setting provides a unique adipose tissue microenvironment that, in association with systemic endocrine modifications, promotes tumor initiation, primary growth, invasion, and metastatic progression. This review presents an overview of the clinical and experimental evidences highlighting the adipokine leptin as the most important molecular mediator of obesity-breast cancer axis. The research of leptin network operating in this context could launch a new field not only in the knowledge of risk factors for breast cancer but also in the development of leptin targeting drugs as promising anticancer agents.
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79
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Abdelmagid SA, MacKinnon JL, Janssen SM, Ma DWL. Role of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Exercise in Breast Cancer Prevention: Identifying Common Targets. Nutr Metab Insights 2016; 9:71-84. [PMID: 27812288 PMCID: PMC5089819 DOI: 10.4137/nmi.s39043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and exercise are recognized as important lifestyle factors that significantly influence breast cancer risk. In particular, dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to play an important role in breast cancer prevention. Growing evidence also demonstrates a role for exercise in cancer and chronic disease prevention. However, the potential synergistic effect of n-3 PUFA intake and exercise is yet to be determined. This review explores targets for breast cancer prevention that are common between n-3 PUFA intake and exercise and that may be important study outcomes for future research investigating the combined effect of n-3 PUFA intake and exercise. These lines of evidence highlight potential new avenues for research and strategies for breast cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma A Abdelmagid
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica L MacKinnon
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah M Janssen
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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80
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Breast cancer is a unique disease characterized by heterogeneous cell populations causing roadblocks in therapeutic medicine, owing to its complex etiology and primeval understanding of the biology behind its genesis, progression, and sustenance. Globocan statistics indicate over 1.7 million new breast cancer diagnoses in 2012, accounting for 25% of all cancer morbidities. RECENT ADVANCES Despite these dismal statistics, the introduction of molecular gene signature platforms, progressive therapeutic approaches in diagnosis, and management of breast cancer has led to more effective treatment strategies and control measures concurrent with an equally reassuring decline in the mortality rate. CRITICAL ISSUES However, an enormous body of research in this area is requisite as high mortality associated with metastatic and/or drug refractory tumors continues to present a therapeutic challenge. Despite advances in systemic chemotherapy, the median survival of patients harboring metastatic breast cancers continues to be below 2 years. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Hence, a massive effort to scrutinize and evaluate chemotherapeutics on the basis of the molecular classification of these cancers is undertaken with the objective to devise more attractive and feasible approaches to treat breast cancers and improve patients' quality of life. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of the biology of breast cancer as well as challenges faced in combating breast cancer, with special emphasis on the current battery of treatment strategies. We will also try and gain perspective from recent encounters on novel findings responsible for the progression and metastatic transformation of breast cancer cells in an endeavor to develop more targeted treatment options. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 337-370.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Raman
- 1 Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chuan Han Jonathan Foo
- 2 NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marie-Veronique Clement
- 2 NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,3 Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- 1 Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,2 NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,4 National University Cancer Institute , NUHS, Singapore, Singapore .,5 School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University , Perth, Australia
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81
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Abstract
Obesity has been linked to breast cancer progression but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Being overweight or obese for a woman at the time she is diagnosed with breast cancer is linked to a high risk of recurrence regardless of treatment factors. In rodents, high body weight is also associated with increased incidence of spontaneous and chemically induced tumors. To study the complex interaction between the mammary epithelia and the microenvironment, with a focus on the mechanism underlying the role obesity plays in the regulation of the cancer stem cell traits and the development of mammary cancer in vivo, we have established a diet-induced obesity (DIO) rat model of breast cancer (Chang et al., 2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ju Wu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Chun-Ju Chang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Iyengar NM, Zhou XK, Gucalp A, Morris PG, Howe LR, Giri DD, Morrow M, Wang H, Pollak M, Jones LW, Hudis CA, Dannenberg AJ. Systemic Correlates of White Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Early-Stage Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:2283-9. [PMID: 26712688 PMCID: PMC4854755 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity, insulin resistance, and elevated levels of circulating proinflammatory mediators are associated with poorer prognosis in early-stage breast cancer. To investigate whether white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation represents a potential unifying mechanism, we examined the relationship between breast WAT inflammation and the metabolic syndrome and its prognostic importance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN WAT inflammation was defined by the presence of dead/dying adipocytes surrounded by macrophages forming crown-like structures (CLS) of the breast. Two independent groups were examined in cross-sectional (cohort 1) and retrospective (cohort 2) studies. Cohort 1 included 100 women undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer risk reduction (n = 10) or treatment (n = 90). Metabolic syndrome-associated circulating factors were compared by CLS-B status. The association between CLS of the breast and the metabolic syndrome was validated in cohort 2, which included 127 women who developed metastatic breast cancer. Distant recurrence-free survival (dRFS) was compared by CLS-B status. RESULTS In cohorts 1 and 2, breast WAT inflammation was detected in 52 of 100 (52%) and 52 of 127 (41%) patients, respectively. Patients with breast WAT inflammation had elevated insulin, glucose, leptin, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and IL6 and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and adiponectin (P < 0.05) in cohort 1. In cohort 2, breast WAT inflammation was associated with hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes (P < 0.05). Compared with patients without breast WAT inflammation, the adjusted HR for dRFS was 1.83 (95% CI, 1.07-3.13) for patients with inflammation. CONCLUSIONS WAT inflammation, a clinically occult process, helps to explain the relationship between metabolic syndrome and worse breast cancer prognosis. Clin Cancer Res; 22(9); 2283-9. ©2015 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil M Iyengar
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Xi Kathy Zhou
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Ayca Gucalp
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Patrick G Morris
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Louise R Howe
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Dilip D Giri
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Monica Morrow
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Hanhan Wang
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Michael Pollak
- Departments of Medicine and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lee W Jones
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Clifford A Hudis
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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83
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Anjanappa M, Burnett R, Zieger MA, Merfeld-Clauss S, Wooden W, March K, Tholpady S, Nakshatri H. Distinct Effects of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Adipocytes on Normal and Cancer Cell Hierarchy. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:660-71. [PMID: 27097643 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) have received considerable attention in oncology because of the known direct link between obesity and cancer as well as the use of ASCs in reconstructive surgery after tumor ablation. Previous studies have documented how cancer cells commandeer ASCs to support their survival by altering extracellular matrix composition and stiffness, migration, and metastasis. This study focused on delineating the effects of ASCs and adipocytes on the self-renewal of stem/progenitor cells and hierarchy of breast epithelial cells. The immortalized breast epithelial cell line MCF10A, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) cell lines MCF10DCIS.com and SUM225, and MCF10A-overexpressing SRC oncogene were examined using a mammosphere assay and flow cytometry for the effects of ASCs on their self-renewal and stem-luminal progenitor-differentiated cell surface marker profiles. Interestingly, ASCs promoted the self-renewal of all cell types except SUM225. ASC coculture or treatment with ASC conditioned media altered the number of CD49f(high)/EpCAM(low) basal/stem-like and CD49f(medium)/EpCAM(medium) luminal progenitor cells. Among multiple factors secreted by ASCs, IFNγ and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) displayed unique actions on epithelial cell hierarchy. IFNγ increased stem/progenitor-like cells while simultaneously reducing the size of mammospheres, whereas HGF increased the size of mammospheres with an accompanying increase in luminal progenitor cells. ASCs expressed higher levels of HGF, whereas adipocytes expressed higher levels of IFNγ. As luminal progenitor cells are believed to be prone for transformation, IFNγ and HGF expression status of ASCs may influence susceptibility for developing breast cancer as well as on outcomes of autologous fat transplantation on residual/dormant tumor cells. IMPLICATIONS This study suggests that the ratio of ASCs to adipocytes influences cancer cell hierarchy, which may impact incidence and progression. Mol Cancer Res; 14(7); 660-71. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjushree Anjanappa
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Riesa Burnett
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Michael A Zieger
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Stephanie Merfeld-Clauss
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. Richard L Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - William Wooden
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Keith March
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. Richard L Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sunil Tholpady
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. Richard L Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Harikrishna Nakshatri
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. Richard L Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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84
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Feng H, Guo P, Wang J, Xu J, Xie C, Gao F. Expression of Leptin and Sirtuin-1 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:319-24. [PMID: 26936024 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) is a downstream target of Leptin, and its inhibition promotes p53-mediated apoptosis. This study aimed to evaluate the expression and prognostic significance of Leptin and SIRT1 in osteosarcoma. Leptin and SIRT1 levels in osteosarcoma samples from 89 patients were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. The correlations between Leptin and SIRT1 expression with clinical parameters were analyzed by Spearman's test and Pearson's chi-squared test. Prognostic factors were identified by Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. We found that Leptin and SIRT1 expression was low in 23.6% and 20.2%; moderate in 25.8% and 24.7%; and high in 50.5% and 55.1% of patients with osteosarcoma, respectively. Both Leptin and SIRT1 expression were significantly associated with the Enneking stage, distant metastasis and neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Leptin expression and SIRT1 expression were significantly correlated and they were significantly associated with shorter overall survival. Among osteosarcoma patients who received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, both Leptin and SIRT1 expression were significantly associated with overall survival of osteosarcoma patients in univariate analysis, but only SIRT1 expression was significantly associated with overall survival of osteosarcoma patients in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, Leptin and SIRT1 expressions are significantly associated with shorter overall survival of osteosarcoma patients, and SIRT1 expression is a significant independent prognostic indicator in patients with osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, 20 Nanerhuan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China; Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Health Road, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Health Road, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Health Road, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Jianfa Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Health Road, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Congcong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, 20 Nanerhuan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Fulu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, 20 Nanerhuan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China.
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85
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Wu Y, Liu Y, Dong Y, Vadgama J. Diabetes-associated dysregulated cytokines and cancer. INTEGRATIVE CANCER SCIENCE AND THERAPEUTICS 2016; 3:370-378. [PMID: 29930868 PMCID: PMC6007890 DOI: 10.15761/icst.1000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological data demonstrate that patients with diabetes have an augmented risk of developing various types of cancers, accompanied by higher mortality. A number of mechanisms for this connection have been hypothesized, such as insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and increased inflammatory processes. Apart from these potential mechanisms, several diabetes-associated dysregulated cytokines might be implicated in the link between diabetes and cancer. In fact, some inflammatory cytokines, e.g. TNF-α, IL-6 and leptin, have been revealed to play important roles in both initiation and progression of tumor. Here, we depict the role of these cytokines in key events of carcinogenesis and cancer development, including their capability to induce oxidative stress, inflammation, their participation in epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, and metastasis. Finally, we will also highlight the existing knowledge in terms of the involvement of these cytokines in different cancer types and comment on potential significances for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wu
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine & Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Yunzhou Dong
- Vascular Biology Program BCH3137, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Jay Vadgama
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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86
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Ottaiano A, Nappi A, Tafuto S, Nasti G, De Divitiis C, Romano C, Cassata A, Casaretti R, Silvestro L, Avallone A, Capuozzo M, Capozzi M, Maiolino P, Quagliariello V, Scala S, Iaffaioli VR. Diabetes and Body Mass Index Are Associated with Neuropathy and Prognosis in Colon Cancer Patients Treated with Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin Adjuvant Chemotherapy. Oncology 2016; 90:36-42. [PMID: 26731722 DOI: 10.1159/000442527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few background data on the impact of clinical factors on neurotoxicity and prognosis in patients treated with adjuvant capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX) chemotherapy. METHODS 102 stage II high-risk and stage III colorectal cancer patients were treated for 6 months with adjuvant CAPOX, then they were followed up. Associations between clinical variables, metabolic syndrome components, smoking and neurotoxicity were evaluated by the x03C7;2 test. The Kaplan-Meier product limit method was applied to graph disease-free survival (DFS). Univariate analysis was done with the log-rank test. Cox's proportional hazards regression was used to analyze the effect of several risk factors on DFS. RESULTS Significant associations were found between diabetes (p < 0.001), BMI (p = 0.01) and the occurrence of chronic neurotoxicity. After a median follow-up of 46 months, 14 patients (13.7%) had suffered recurrence. An analysis of the prognostic factors for DFS showed that prognosis is unfavorable for patients with high lymph-nodal involvement (HR: 5.23, p = 0.0007), diabetes (HR: 4.86; p = 0.03) and a BMI ≥25 (HR: 3.69, p = 0.002). DISCUSSION Common mediators in diabetes and obesity could be involved in peripheral neuropathy and in stimulating micro-metastases. Further studies are necessary to explain this interesting connection between diabetes, obesity and colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ottaiano
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
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Bai K, Cao Y, Huang C, Chen J, Zhang X, Jiang Y. Association of Histone Methyltransferase G9a and Overall Survival After Liver Resection of Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma With a Median Observation of 40 Months. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2493. [PMID: 26765460 PMCID: PMC4718286 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 50% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) reside in China. HCC is associated with very high mortality compared with other cancers. Although numerous factors influence the survival of patients with HCC who undergo liver resection, the role of the tumor biomarker histone methyltransferase (G9a) is unknown.We enrolled 350 patients with HCC who underwent liver resection and followed them for 40 months. Patients' clinicopathologic characteristics were acquired from medical records, and overall survival was determined using multiple methods. We conducted an immunohistochemical analysis of study G9a expression in HCC tissues. We used χ test to evaluate the significance of the relationships between G9a and other factors and Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals.The levels of alpha-fetoprotein were significantly higher in patients with G9a-positive tumors. TNM stage, elevated alpha-fetoprotein level, and G9a overexpression were associated with worse outcomes.High expression of G9a was associated with worse outcomes, indicating that G9a may serve as a prognostic biomarker for patients with HCC who undergo surgical resection. Because of its role in cell proliferation, G9a represents a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Bai
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuzong Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
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88
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Banerjee K, Resat H. Constitutive activation of STAT3 in breast cancer cells: A review. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:2570-8. [PMID: 26559373 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is constitutively activated in numerous cancer types, including more than 40% of breast cancers. In contrast to tight regulation of STAT3 as a latent transcription factor in normal cells, its signaling in breast cancer oncogenesis is multifaceted. Signaling through the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway initiated by the binding of IL-6 family of cytokines (i.e., IL-6 and IL-11) to their receptors have been implicated in breast cancer development. Receptors with intrinsic kinase activity such as EGFR and VEGFR directly or indirectly induce STAT3 activation in various breast cancer types. Aberrant STAT3 signaling promotes breast tumor progression through deregulation of the expression of downstream target genes which control proliferation (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Survivin, Cyclin D1, c-Myc and Mcl-1), angiogenesis (Hif1α and VEGF) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (Vimentin, TWIST, MMP-9 and MMP-7). These multiple modes of STAT3 regulation therefore make it a central linking point for a multitude of signaling processes. Extensive efforts to target STAT3 activation in breast cancer had no remarkable success in the past because the highly interconnected nature of STAT3 signaling introduces lack of selectivity in pathway identification for STAT3 targeted molecular therapies or because its role in tumorigenesis may not be as critical as it was thought. This review provides a full spectrum of STAT3's involvement in breast cancer by consolidating the knowledge about its role in breast cancer development at multiple levels: its differential regulation by different receptor signaling pathways, its downstream target genes, and modification of its transcriptional activity by its coregulatory transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Banerjee
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Haluk Resat
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
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89
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Bottoni P, Isgrò MA, Scatena R. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer: a potential critical topic for translational proteomic research. Expert Rev Proteomics 2015; 13:115-33. [PMID: 26567562 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2016.1112742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a morphogenetic process that results in a loss of epithelial characteristics and the acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype. First described in embryogenesis, the EMT has been recently implicated in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In addition, recent evidence has shown that stem-like cancer cells present the hallmarks of the EMT. Some of the molecular mechanisms related to the interrelationships between cancer pathophysiology and the EMT are well-defined. Nevertheless, the precise molecular mechanism by which epithelial cancer cells acquire the mesenchymal phenotype remains largely unknown. This review focuses on various proteomic strategies with the goal of better understanding the physiological and pathological mechanisms of the EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Bottoni
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry , School of Medicine - Catholic University , Rome , Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Isgrò
- b Department of Diagnostic and Molecular Medicine , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy
| | - Roberto Scatena
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry , School of Medicine - Catholic University , Rome , Italy
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Nounou MI, ElAmrawy F, Ahmed N, Abdelraouf K, Goda S, Syed-Sha-Qhattal H. Breast Cancer: Conventional Diagnosis and Treatment Modalities and Recent Patents and Technologies. Breast Cancer (Auckl) 2015; 9:17-34. [PMID: 26462242 PMCID: PMC4589089 DOI: 10.4137/bcbcr.s29420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide. However, increased survival is due to the dramatic advances in the screening methods, early diagnosis, and breakthroughs in treatments. Over the course of the last decade, many acquisitions have taken place in this critical field of research in the pharmaceutical industry. Advances in molecular biology and pharmacology aided in better understanding of breast cancer, enabling the design of smarter therapeutics able to target cancer and respond to its microenvironment efficiently. Patents and research papers investigating diagnosis and treatment strategies for breast cancer using novel technologies have been surveyed for the past 15 years. Various nanocarriers have been introduced to improve the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs, including liposomes, polymeric micelles, quantum dots, nanoparticles, and dendrimers. This review provides an overview of breast cancer, conventional therapy, novel technologies in the management of breast cancer, and rational approaches for targeting breast cancer. HIGHLIGHTS Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. However, survival rates vary widely, optimistically heading toward a positive trend. Increased survival is due to the drastic shift in the screening methods, early diagnosis, and breakthroughs in treatments.Different strategies of breast cancer classification and staging have evolved over the years. Intrinsic (molecular) subtyping is essential in clinical trials and well understanding of the disease.Many novel technologies are being developed to detect distant metastases and recurrent disease as well as to assess response to breast cancer management.Intensive research efforts are actively ongoing to take novel breast cancer therapeutics to potential clinical application.Most of the recent research papers and patents discuss one of the following strategies: the development of new drug entities that specifically target the breast tumor cells; tailor designing a novel carrier system that can multitask and multifunction as a drug carrier, targeting vehicle and even as a diagnostic tool, direct conjugation of a therapeutic drug moiety with a targeting moiety, diagnostic moiety or pharmacokinetics altering moiety; or the use of innovative nontraditional approaches such as genetic engineering, stem cells, or vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I. Nounou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Fatema ElAmrawy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nada Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Kamilia Abdelraouf
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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