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Targeting the JMJD6/TGF-β Axis in Prostate Cancer by Immunotherapy: A Potential Treatment Based on RNA Splicing. Med Hypotheses 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2023.111018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Cui X, Yu H, Yao J, Li J, Li Z, Jiang Z. ncRNA-mediated overexpression of ubiquitin-specific proteinase 13 contributes to the progression of prostate cancer via modulating AR signaling, DNA damage repair and immune infiltration. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1350. [PMID: 36564767 PMCID: PMC9784269 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10424-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a lethal form of prostate cancer, and the molecular mechanism driving mCRPC progression has not yet been fully elucidated. Immunotherapies such as chimeric antigen receptor, T-cell therapy and immune checkpoint blockade have exerted promising antitumor effects in hematological and solid tumor malignancies; however, no encouraging responses have been observed against mCRPC. The deubiquitinase USP13 functions as a tumor suppressor in many human cancers, as it sustains the protein stability of PTEN and TP53; however, its role in prostate cancer (PCa) and involvement in DNA damage and AR signaling remain unclear. In the current study, we explored the prognostic value of USP13 in PCa based on the TCGA database, and we analyzed the expression of USP13 in PCa tissues and adjacent normal tissues based on TCGA and our cohort. The results suggested that USP13 is overexpressed in PCa tumors and has the potential to be an independent biomarker for the overall survival of PCa patients. Additionally, enrichment analysis indicated that USP13 may participate in the AR pathway and PI3k/Wnt signaling, which are closely related to PCa progression. We also observed a significant correlation between the expression of USP13 and AR-related genes, DDR genes and mismatch repair genes based on the TCGA_PRAD dataset, which further supported the critical role of USP13 in AR activation and the DNA damage response of PCa. USP13 was also found to be enriched in protein neddylation, and expression of USP13 was significantly associated with infiltration of immune cells and expression of immunomodulators. Taken together, our study revealed a key role of USP13 in contributing to PCa progression by participating in multiple oncogenic signaling pathways, the DNA damage response and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Targeting USP13 may inhibit tumor growth and provide additional benefits in cooperation with DDR inhibitors and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Cui
- grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Department of Urology, First hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Hongyuan Yu
- grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Department of Urology, First hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Jinlong Yao
- grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Department of Urology, First hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Jinling Li
- grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Department of Urology, First hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 China
| | - Zhenming Jiang
- grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Department of Urology, First hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
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53
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Guan J, Jiang X, Guo Y, Zhao W, Li J, Li Y, Cheng M, Fu L, Zhao Y, Li Q. Autophagy inhibition and reactive oxygen species elimination by acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 through fused in sarcoma protein to promote prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1313. [PMID: 36517760 PMCID: PMC9753422 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10426-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is a major health issue affecting the male population worldwide, and its etiology remains relatively unknown. As presented on the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database, acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) acts as a prostate cancer-promoting factor. ACAT1 expression in prostate cancer tissues is considerably higher than that in normal tissues, leading to a poor prognosis in patients with prostate cancer. Here, we aimed to study the role of the ACAT1-fused in sarcoma (FUS) complex in prostate cancer and identify new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. METHODS We conducted immunohistochemical analysis of 57 clinical samples and in vitro and in vivo experiments using a mouse model and plasmid constructs to determine the expression of ACAT1 in prostate cancer. RESULTS The relationship between the expression of ACAT1 and the Gleason score was significant. The expression of ACAT1 was higher in tissues with a Gleason score of > 7 than in tissues with a Gleason score of ≤7 (P = 0.0011). In addition, we revealed that ACAT1 can interact with the FUS protein. CONCLUSIONS In prostate cancer, ACAT1 promotes the expression of P62 and Nrf2 through FUS and affects reactive oxygen species scavenging. These effects are due to the inhibition of autophagy by ACAT1. That is, ACAT1 promotes prostate cancer by inhibiting autophagy and eliminating active oxygen species. The expression of ACAT1 is related to prostate cancer. Studying the underlying mechanism may provide a new perspective on the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqian Guan
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Xizi Jiang
- grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaoxing Guo
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Zhao
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji Li
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yizhuo Li
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Cheng
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Fu
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province People’s Republic of China ,grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhao
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province People’s Republic of China ,grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingchang Li
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province People’s Republic of China ,grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province People’s Republic of China
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Xie X, Dou CX, Luo MR, Zhang K, Liu Y, Zhou JW, Huang ZP, Xue KY, Liang HY, Ouyang AR, Ma SX, Yang JK, Zhou QZ, Guo WB, Liu CD, Zhao SC, Chen MK. Plasma cell subtypes analyzed using artificial intelligence algorithm for predicting biochemical recurrence, immune escape potential, and immunotherapy response of prostate cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:946209. [PMID: 36569837 PMCID: PMC9772552 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.946209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasma cells as an important component of immune microenvironment plays a crucial role in immune escape and are closely related to immune therapy response. However, its role for prostate cancer is rarely understood. In this study, we intend to investigate the value of a new plasma cell molecular subtype for predicting the biochemical recurrence, immune escape and immunotherapy response in prostate cancer. Methods Gene expression and clinicopathological data were collected from 481 prostate cancer patients in the Cancer Genome Atlas. Then, the immune characteristics of the patients were analyzed based on plasma cell infiltration fractions. The unsupervised clustering based machine learning algorithm was used to identify the molecular subtypes of the plasma cell. And the characteristic genes of plasma cell subtypes were screened out by three types of machine learning models to establish an artificial neural network for predicting plasma cell subtypes. Finally, the prediction artificial neural network of plasma cell infiltration subtypes was validated in an independent cohort of 449 prostate cancer patients from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Results The plasma cell fraction in prostate cancer was significantly decreased in tumors with high T stage, high Gleason score and lymph node metastasis. In addition, low plasma cell fraction patients had a higher risk of biochemical recurrence. Based on the differential genes of plasma cells, plasma cell infiltration status of PCa patients were divided into two independent molecular subtypes(subtype 1 and subtype 2). Subtype 1 tends to be immunosuppressive plasma cells infiltrating to the PCa region, with a higher likelihood of biochemical recurrence, more active immune microenvironment, and stronger immune escape potential, leading to a poor response to immunotherapy. Subsequently, 10 characteristic genes of plasma cell subtype were screened out by three machine learning algorithms. Finally, an artificial neural network was constructed by those 10 genes to predict the plasma cell subtype of new patients. This artificial neural network was validated in an independent validation set, and the similar results were gained. Conclusions Plasma cell infiltration subtypes could provide a potent prognostic predictor for prostate cancer and be an option for potential responders to prostate cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xie
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,The Third Clinical college, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Xia Dou
- College of nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- The Third Clinical college, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,The Third Clinical college, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Wei Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,The Third Clinical college, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Huang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,The Third Clinical college, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang-Yi Xue
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,The Third Clinical college, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao-Yu Liang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,The Third Clinical college, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ao-Rong Ouyang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,The Third Clinical college, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Xiao Ma
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,The Third Clinical college, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Kun Yang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,The Third Clinical college, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Zhao Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,The Third Clinical college, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Bing Guo
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,The Third Clinical college, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cun-Dong Liu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,The Third Clinical college, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan-Chao Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,The Third Clinical college, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Ming-Kun Chen, ; Shan-Chao Zhao,
| | - Ming-Kun Chen
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,The Third Clinical college, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Ming-Kun Chen, ; Shan-Chao Zhao,
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Jiang S, Li Z, Dou R, Lin Z, Zhang J, Zhang W, Chen Z, Shen X, Ji J, Qu M, Wang Y, Li M, Gao X. Construction and validation of a novel cuproptosis-related long noncoding RNA signature for predicting the outcome of prostate cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:976850. [PMID: 36561322 PMCID: PMC9763621 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.976850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common tumors of the urinary system. Cuproptosis is a novel mode of controlled cell death that is related to the development of various tumor types. However, the functions of cuproptosis-related long noncoding RNAs (CRLs) in PCa have not yet been well studied. Methods: In this study, data of PCa patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and from the Changhai Hospital. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses and LASSO regression analysis were conducted to screen CRLs linked to the prognosis of PCa patients. A risk score model was constructed on the basis of CRLs to predict prognosis. PCa patients were categorized into high- and low-risk cohorts. The predictive value of the risk score was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, receiver operating characteristic curves, and nomograms. In addition, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were used to explore possible pathways involving CRLs in PCa. Immune function analysis confirmed the correlation between CRLs and immunity in PCa. Finally, we explored the tumor mutational burden and drug response in the high- and low-risk cohorts. Results: First, we identified seven CRLs (C1orf229, C9orf139, LIPE-AS1, MCPH1-AS1, PRR26, SGMS1-AS1, and SNHG1) that were closely related to prognosis in PCa. The risk score model based on the selected CRLs could accurately predict the prognosis of PCa patients. The high-risk cohort was associated with worse disease-free survival (DFS) time in PCa patients (p < 0.001). ROC curve analysis was performed to confirm the validity of the signature (area under the curve (AUC) at 1 year: 0.703). Nomograms were constructed based on the risk score and clinicopathological features and also exhibited great predictive efficiency for PCa. GO and KEGG analyses showed that the CRLs were mainly enriched in metabolism-related biological pathways in PCa. In addition, immune function analysis showed that patients in the high-risk cohort had higher TMB and were more sensitive to conventional chemotherapy and targeted drugs including doxorubicin, epothilone B, etoposide, and mitomycin C. Conclusion: We constructed a novel CRL-related risk score model to accurately predict the prognosis of PCa patients. Our results indicate that CRLs are potential targets for drug therapy in PCa and provide a possible new direction for personalized treatment of PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqin Jiang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China,Department of Urology, Fujian Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhihao Li
- Department of Urology, Fujian Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ruiling Dou
- Department of Urology, Fujian Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zequn Lin
- Department of Urology, Fujian Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jili Zhang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianqi Shen
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Ji
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Qu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengqiang Li
- Department of Urology, Fujian Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,*Correspondence: Mengqiang Li, ; Xu Gao,
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Mengqiang Li, ; Xu Gao,
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Li Q, Chen B, Song G, Zeng K, Chen X, Miao J, Yuan X, Liu J, Wang Z, Liu B. Integrated analysis to identify the AC005154.6/hsa-miR-29c-3p/CCNL2 axis as a novel prognostic biomarker associated with immune infiltration in prostate cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:346. [PMID: 36369040 PMCID: PMC9652791 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02779-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is currently the major malignancy in men. It is becoming increasingly clear that competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulation networks are important in a wide variety of cancers. Nevertheless, there is still much to learn about the biological functions of the ceRNA network in prostate cancer. Methods The ceRNA network was constructed using the "GDCRNATools" package. Based on survival analysis, we obtained AC005154.6/hsa-miR-29c-3p/CCNL2 for further analysis. The prognostic model based on this ceRNA network was constructed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression methods. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis, mutation landscape analysis, immune infiltration analysis, drug sensitivity analysis, methylation analysis, pan-cancer analysis, and molecular experiments of CCNL2 were carried out to investigate the role of CCNL2 in tumorigenesis. Results We identified the AC005154.6/CCNL2 axis as a risk factor that can promote the progression of prostate cancer by bioinformatics analysis and molecular experiments. Immune infiltration analysis suggested that CCNL2 may act as a novel biomarker for treatment decisions. The methylation level of CCNL2 was significantly decreased in tumor samples, possibly contributing to the upregulation of CCNL2 in prostate cancer. Moreover, CCNL2 is differentially expressed in multiple cancers and is tightly correlated with immune infiltration. Conclusion The current study constructed a ceRNA network, AC005154.6/hsa-miR-29c-3p/CCNL2. Potentially, this biomarker can be used for early diagnosis and decision-making about prostate cancer treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02779-5.
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EZH2 as a Prognostic Factor and Its Immune Implication with Molecular Characterization in Prostate Cancer: An Integrated Multi-Omics in Silico Analysis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12111617. [DOI: 10.3390/biom12111617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a type of potentially fatal malignant tumor. Immunotherapy has shown a lot of potential for various types of solid tumors, but the benefits have been less impressive in PCa. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is one of the three core subunits of the polycomb repressive complex 2 that has histone methyltransferase activity, and the immune effects of EZH2 in PCa are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential of EZH2 as a prognostic factor and an immune therapeutic biomarker for PCa, as well as the expression pattern and biological functions. All analyses in this study were based on publicly available databases, mainly containing Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), UCSCXenaShiny, and TISIDB. We performed differential expression analysis, developed a prognostic model, and explored potential associations between EZH2 and DNA methylation modifications, tumor microenvironment (TME), immune-related genes, tumor mutation burden (TMB), tumor neoantigen burden (TNB), and representative mismatch repair (MMR) genes. We also investigated the molecular and immunological characterizations of EZH2. Finally, we predicted immunotherapeutic responses based on EZH2 expression levels. We found that EZH2 was highly expressed in PCa, was associated with a poor prognosis, and may serve as an independent prognostic factor. EZH2 expression in PCa was associated with DNA methylation modifications, TME, immune-related genes, TMB, TNB, and MMR. By gene set enrichment analysis and gene set variation analysis, we found that multiple functions and pathways related to tumorigenesis, progression, and immune activation were enriched. Finally, we inferred that immunotherapy may be more effective for PCa patients with low EZH2 expression. In conclusion, our study showed that EZH2 could be a potentially efficient predictor of prognosis and immune response in PCa patients.
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Identification of Calcium Channel-Related Gene P2RX2 for Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Prostate Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:8058160. [PMID: 36246559 PMCID: PMC9553555 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8058160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men. Calcium signaling is implicated in the progression of prostate cancer and plays a critical role in immune cell function. However, whether specific calcium channel-related genes play a crucial role in the immune cell infiltration levels of prostate cancer requires further research. In this study, we performed an integrated analysis of transcriptional, clinical, and somatic mutation data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and identified the hub calcium channel-related gene P2RX2 to be associated with the prognosis and immune infiltration of prostate cancer. P2RX2 expression was positively correlated with immune cell infiltration levels and the expression of immune checkpoint genes, and downregulation of P2RX2 led to poor survival in patients with prostate cancer. Furthermore, we validated the molecular and clinical characteristics of P2RX2 by using multiple databases and conducting in-vitro experiments. Additionally, drug sensitivity analysis revealed that patients with low P2RX2 expression were sensitive to docetaxel and Bicalutamide. In conclusion, we revealed an association between calcium channel-related genes and prostate cancer, and identified P2RX2 as a biomarker for early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and aiding treatment decisions for patients with prostate cancer.
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Yu J, Tang R, Li J. Identification of pyroptosis-related lncRNA signature and AC005253.1 as a pyroptosis-related oncogene in prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:991165. [PMID: 36248980 PMCID: PMC9556775 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.991165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pyroptosis and prostate cancer (PCa) are closely related. The role of pyroptosis-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) (PRLs) in PCa remains elusive. This study aimed to explore the relationship between PRL and PCa prognosis. Methods Gene expression and clinical signatures were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. A PRL risk prediction model was established by survival random forest analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. Functional enrichment, immune status, immune checkpoints, genetic mutations, and drug susceptibility analyses related to risk scores were performed by the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis, gene set variation analysis, and copy number variation analysis. PRL expression was verified in PCa cells. Cell Counting Kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine, wound healing, transwell, and Western blotting assay were used to detect the proliferation, migration, invasion, and pyroptosis of PCa cells, respectively. Results Prognostic features based on six PRL (AC129507.1, AC005253.1, AC127502.2, AC068580.3, LIMD1-AS1, and LINC01852) were constructed, and patients in the high-score group had a worse prognosis than those in the low-score group. This feature was determined to be independent by Cox regression analysis, and the area under the curve of the 1-, 3-, and 5-year receiver operating characteristic curves in the testing cohort was 1, 0.93, and 0.92, respectively. Moreover, the external cohort validation confirmed the robustness of the PRL risk prediction model. There was a clear distinction between the immune status of the two groups. The expression of multiple immune checkpoints was also reduced in the high-score group. Gene mutation proportion in the high-score group increased, and the sensitivity to drugs increased significantly. Six PRLs were upregulated in PCa cells. Silencing of AC005253.1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in DU145 and PC-3 cells. Moreover, silencing of AC005253.1 promoted pyroptosis and inflammasome AIM2 expression. Conclusions Overall, we constructed a prognostic model of PCa with six PRLs and identified their expression in PCa cells. The experimental verification showed that AC005253.1 could affect the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of PCa cells. Meanwhile, AC005253.1 may play an important role in PCa by affecting pyroptosis through the AIM2 inflammasome. This result requires further research for verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiangFan Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - JinYu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: JinYu Li,
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De Mey W, Esprit A, Thielemans K, Breckpot K, Franceschini L. RNA in Cancer Immunotherapy: Unlocking the Potential of the Immune System. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:3929-3939. [PMID: 35583609 PMCID: PMC9475240 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-3304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the manufacturing, modification, purification, and cellular delivery of ribonucleic acid (RNA) have enabled the development of RNA-based therapeutics for a broad array of applications. The approval of two SARS-CoV-2-targeting mRNA-based vaccines has highlighted the advances of this technology. Offering rapid and straightforward manufacturing, clinical safety, and versatility, this paves the way for RNA therapeutics to expand into cancer immunotherapy. Together with ongoing trials on RNA cancer vaccination and cellular therapy, RNA therapeutics could be introduced into clinical practice, possibly stewarding future personalized approaches. In the present review, we discuss recent advances in RNA-based immuno-oncology together with an update on ongoing clinical applications and their current challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wout De Mey
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arthur Esprit
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris Thielemans
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Corresponding Author: Karine Breckpot, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium. Phone: 32-2-477-45-66; E-mail:
| | - Lorenzo Franceschini
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Bone Health Management in the Continuum of Prostate Cancer Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174305. [PMID: 36077840 PMCID: PMC9455007 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. PCa cells require androgen receptor (AR) signaling for their growth and survival. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the preferred treatment for patients with locally advanced and metastatic PCa disease. Despite their initial response to androgen blockade, most patients eventually will develop metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Bone metastases are common in men with mCRPC, occurring in 30% of patients within 2 years of castration resistance and in >90% of patients over the course of the disease. Patients with mCRPC-induced bone metastasis develop lesions throughout their skeleton; the 5-year survival rate for these patients is 47%. Bone-metastasis-induced early changes in the bone that proceed the osteoblastic response in the bone matrix are monitored and detected via modern magnetic resonance and PET/CT imaging technologies. Various treatment options, such as targeting osteolytic metastasis with bisphosphonates, prednisone, dexamethasone, denosumab, immunotherapy, external beam radiation therapy, radiopharmaceuticals, surgery, and pain medications are employed to treat prostate-cancer-induced bone metastasis and manage bone health. However, these diagnostics and treatment options are not very accurate nor efficient enough to treat bone metastases and manage bone health. In this review, we present the pathogenesis of PCa-induced bone metastasis, its deleterious impacts on vital organs, the impact of metastatic PCa on bone health, treatment interventions for bone metastasis and management of bone- and skeletal-related events, and possible current and future therapeutic options for bone management in the continuum of prostate cancer disease.
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Mukherjee AG, Wanjari UR, Prabakaran DS, Ganesan R, Renu K, Dey A, Vellingiri B, Kandasamy S, Ramesh T, Gopalakrishnan AV. The Cellular and Molecular Immunotherapy in Prostate Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081370. [PMID: 36016257 PMCID: PMC9416492 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent history, immunotherapy has become a viable cancer therapeutic option. However, over many years, its tenets have changed, and it now comprises a range of cancer-focused immunotherapies. Clinical trials are currently looking into monotherapies or combinations of medicines that include immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), CART cells, DNA vaccines targeting viruses, and adoptive cellular therapy. According to ongoing studies, the discipline should progress by incorporating patient-tailored immunotherapy, immune checkpoint blockers, other immunotherapeutic medications, hormone therapy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Despite significantly increasing morbidity, immunotherapy can intensify the therapeutic effect and enhance immune responses. The findings for the immunotherapy treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) are compiled in this study, showing that is possible to investigate the current state of immunotherapy, covering new findings, PCa treatment techniques, and research perspectives in the field’s unceasing evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D. S. Prabakaran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Srivilliputhur Main Road, Sivakasi 626124, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sabariswaran Kandasamy
- Water-Energy Nexus Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
| | - Thiyagarajan Ramesh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence:
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Ayoub CH, El-Asmar JM, Abou Heidar NF, Najm N, Nasrallah AA, Tamim H, Dakik HA, El Hajj A. A novel radical prostatectomy specific index (PSI) for the prediction of major cardiovascular events following surgery. Int Urol Nephrol 2022; 54:3069-3078. [PMID: 35982275 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-022-03293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancer patients tend to be older with multiple comorbidities and are thus at increased risk for postoperative cardiovascular events after radical prostatectomy (RP). Thus, proper patient selection strategies are essential to decide for or against a surgical approach. We aimed to derive a prostatectomy specific index (PSI) for patients undergoing RP and compare its performance to universally used indices. METHODS The cohort was derived from National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database between 2005 and 2012. The primary outcome was incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events at 30 days post-surgery including: death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed, performance and calibration were evaluated using a ROC analysis and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, the PSI index was derived and compared to the RCRI and AUB-HAS2 indices. RESULTS A total of 17,299 patients were included in our cohort, with a mean age of 62 ± 7.4 years. Seventy three patients had a cardiac event post RP. The final PSI index encompassed six variables: history of heart disease, age, anemia, American society of anesthesiology class, surgical approach, and hypertension. The PSI ROC analysis provided C-statistic = 0.72, calibration R2 = 0.99 and proper goodness of fit. In comparison, the C-statistics of RCRI and AUB-HAS2 were found to be 0.57 and 0.65, respectively (p value < 0.001). CONCLUSION The PSI model is a procedure tailored index for prediction of major cardiovascular events post RP. It was calibrated using a large national database aiming to optimize treatment selection strategies for prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian H Ayoub
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, PO BOX 11-0236, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Jose M El-Asmar
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, PO BOX 11-0236, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Nassib F Abou Heidar
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, PO BOX 11-0236, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Najm
- American University of Beirut Medical School, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali A Nasrallah
- Department of General Surgery, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hani Tamim
- Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, PO BOX 11-0236, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon.
| | - Habib A Dakik
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, PO BOX 11-0236, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon.
| | - Albert El Hajj
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, PO BOX 11-0236, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon.
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Stem Cells as Target for Prostate cancer Therapy: Opportunities and Challenges. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2833-2851. [PMID: 35951166 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and cells in a cancer stem cell-like (CSCL) state have proven to be responsible for tumor initiation, growth, and relapse in Prostate Cancer (PCa) and other cancers; therefore, new strategies are being developed to target such cellular populations. TLR3 activation-based immunotherapy using Polyinosinic:Polycytidylic acid (PIC) has been proposed to be used as a concomitant strategy to first-line treatment. This strategy is based on the induction of apoptosis and an inflammatory response in tumor cells. In combination with retinoids like 9cRA, this treatment can induce CSCs differentiation and apoptosis. A limitation in the use of this combination is the common decreased expression of TLR3 and its main positive regulator p53. observed in many patients suffering of different cancer types such as PCa. Importantly, human exposure to certain toxicants, such as iAs, not only has proven to enrich CSCs population in an in vitro model of human epithelial prostate cells, but additionally, it can also lead to a decreased p53, TLR3 and RA receptor (RARβ), expression/activation and thus hinder this treatment efficacy. Therefore, here we point out the relevance of evaluating the TLR3 and P53 status in PCa patients before starting an immunotherapy based on the use of PIC +9cRA to determine whether they will be responsive to treatment. Additionally, the use of strategies to overcome the lower TLR3, RARβ or p53 expression in PCa patients, like the inclusion of drugs that increase p53 expression, is encouraged, to potentiate the use of PIC+RA based immunotherapy in these patients.
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Luo Y, Liu X, Lin J, Zhong W, Chen Q. Development and validation of novel inflammatory response-related gene signature to predict prostate cancer recurrence and response to immune checkpoint therapy. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2022; 19:11345-11366. [PMID: 36124593 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to construct an inflammatory response-related genes (IRRGs) signature to monitor biochemical recurrence (BCR) and treatment effects in prostate cancer patients (PCa). A gene signature for inflammatory responses was constructed on the basis of the data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and validated in external datasets. It was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curve, BCR-free survival, Cox regression, and nomogram. Distribution analysis and external model comparison were utilized. Then, enrichment analysis, tumor mutation burden, tumor immune microenvironment, and immune cell infiltration signatures were investigated. The role of the signature in immunotherapy was evaluated. The expression patterns of core genes were verified by RNA sequencing. We identified an IRRGs signature in the TCGA-PRAD cohort and verified it well in two other independent external datasets. The signature was a robust and independent prognostic index for predicting the BCR of PCa. The high-risk group of our signature predicted a shortened BCR time and an aggressive disease progression. A nomogram was constructed to predict BCR-free time in clinical practices. Neutrophils and CD8+ T cells were in higher abundance among the low-risk individuals. Immune functions varied significantly between the two groups and immune checkpoint therapy worked better for the low-risk patients. The expression of four IRRGs showed significant differences between PCa and surrounding benign tissues, and were validated in BPH-1 and DU145 cell lines by RNA sequencing. Our signature served as a reliable and promising biomarker for predicting the prognosis and evaluating the efficacy of immunotherapy, facilitating a better outcome for PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Luo
- Department of Urology, the Second People's Hospital of Foshan, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaopeng Liu
- Department of Science and Teaching, the Second People's Hospital of Foshan, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Jingbo Lin
- Department of Urology, the Second People's Hospital of Foshan, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Weide Zhong
- Department of Urology, the Second People's Hospital of Foshan, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Qingbiao Chen
- Department of Urology, the Second People's Hospital of Foshan, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
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Śmiłowicz D, Schlyer D, Boros E, Meimetis L. Evaluation of a Radio-IMmunoStimulant (RIMS) in a Syngeneic Model of Murine Prostate Cancer and ImmunoPET Analysis of T-cell Distribution. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3217-3227. [PMID: 35895995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and tumor heterogeneity have led to the resilience of metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) to current treatments. To address these challenges, we developed and evaluated a new drug paradigm, Radio-IMmunostimulant (RIMS), in a syngeneic model of murine prostate cancer. RIMS-1 was generated using a convergent synthesis employing solid phase peptide and solution chemistries. The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) inhibitory constant for natLu-RIMS-1 was determined, and radiolabeling with 177Lu generated 177Lu-RIMS-1. The TLR 7/8 agonist payload release from natLu-RIMS-1 was determined using a cathepsin B assay. The biodistribution of 177Lu-RIMS-1 was evaluated in a bilateral xenograft model in NCru nude mice bearing PSMA(+) (PC3-PiP) and PSMA(-) (PC3-Flu) tumors at 2, 24, and 72 h. The therapeutic effect of 177Lu-RIMS-1 was evaluated in C57BL/6J mice bearing RM1-PGLS (PSMA-positive, green fluorescent protein-positive, and luciferase-positive) tumors and compared to that of 177Lu-PSMA-617 at the same total administered radioactivity of 57 MBq and molar activity of 5.18 MBq/nmol. natLu-RIMS-1 and vehicle were evaluated as the controls. Immuno-positron emission tomography (PET) using 89Zr-DFO-anti-CD3 was used to visualize T-cell distribution during treatment. 177Lu-RIMS-1 was quantitatively radiolabeled at >99% radiochemical purity and maintained a high affinity toward PSMA (Ki = 3.77 ± 0.5 nM). Cathepsin B efficiently released the entire immunostimulant payload in 17.6 h. 177Lu-RIMS-1 displayed a sustained uptake in PSMA(+) tumor tissue up to 72 h (2.65 ± 1.03% ID/g) and was not statistically different (P = 0.1936) compared to 177Lu-PSMA-617 (3.65 ± 0.59% ID/g). All animals treated with 177Lu-RIMS-1 displayed tumor growth suppression and provided a median survival of 30 days (P = 0.0007) while 177Lu-PSMA-617 provided a median survival of 15 days, which was not statistically significant (P = 0.3548) compared to the vehicle group (14 days). ImmunoPET analysis revealed 2-fold more tumor infiltrating T-cells in 177Lu-RIMS-1-treated animals compared to 177Lu-PSMA-617-treated animals; 177Lu-RIMS-1 improves therapeutic outcomes in a syngeneic model of mouse prostate cancer and elicits greater T-cell infiltration to the tumor compared to 177Lu-PSMA-617. These results support further investigation of the RIMS paradigm as the first example of a single molecular entity combining radiotherapy and immunostimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Śmiłowicz
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - David Schlyer
- Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States.,Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Eszter Boros
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Labros Meimetis
- Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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Integrative Analysis and Experimental Validation Indicated That SNHG17 Is a Prognostic Marker in Prostate Cancer and a Modulator of the Tumor Microenvironment via a Competitive Endogenous RNA Regulatory Network. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1747604. [PMID: 35864871 PMCID: PMC9296331 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1747604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of prostate cancer (PC) is growing rapidly worldwide, and studies uncovering the molecular mechanisms driving the progression and modulating the immune infiltration and antitumor immunity of PC are urgently needed. The long noncoding RNA SNHG family has been recognized as a prognostic marker in cancers and contributes to the progression of multiple cancers, including PC. In this study, we aimed to clarify the prognostic values and underlying mechanisms of SNHGs in promoting the progression and modulating the tumor microenvironment of PC through data mining based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We identified that within the SNHG family, SNHG17 was most correlated with the overall survival of PC patients and could act as an independent predictor. Moreover, we constructed a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network by which SNHG17 promotes progression and potentially inhibits the immune infiltration and immune response of prostate cancer. By interacting with miR-23a-3p/23b-3p/23c, SNHG17 upregulates the expression of UBE2M and OTUB1, which have been demonstrated to play critical roles in the tumorigenesis of human cancers, more importantly promoting cancer cell immunosuppression and resistance to cytotoxic stimulation. Finally, we examined the correlation between SNHG17 expression and the clinical progression of PC patients based on our cohort of 52 PC patients. We also verified the SNHG17/miR-23a/OTUB1 axis in RV-1 and PC-3 cells by dual luciferase and RIP assays, and we further identified that SNHG17 promoted cellular invasive capacity by modulating OTUB1. In summary, the current study conducted a ceRNA-based SNHG17-UBE2M/OTUB1 axis and indicated that SNHG17 might be a novel prognostic factor associated with the progression, immunosuppression, and cytotoxic resistance of PC.
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A radiation resistance related index for biochemical recurrence and tumor immune environment in prostate cancer patients. Comput Biol Med 2022; 146:105711. [PMID: 35701253 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish and verify a novel radiation resistance related index for predicting biochemical recurrence and tumor immune environment in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The transcriptome information of PCa were obtained from GEO and TCGA portal. We identified radiation resistance related genes (RRGs) between radioresistant and radiosensitive PCa cells. We conducted multivariate Cox analysis to construct a novel radiation resistance related index for predicting biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival (BCRFS). Internal and external validations were conducted. Preliminary experimental verifications were performed. RESULTS We identified 194 differentially expressed RRGs and three radiation resistance related molecular clusters for PCa. Moreover, we established a novel radiation resistance related index and succeeded in conducting internal and external validations. High-risk populations meant significantly worse BCRFS in training, testing and validating cohort. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.809, 0.698, and 0.712 in training, testing, and validating cohort. The immune microenvironment was significantly different between high and low-risk score patients. Preliminary experiment identified and validated three potential biomarkers related to radiation resistance (ZNF695, TM4SF19, CCDC3) of PCa. CONCLUSIONS This study successfully established and verified a novel radiation resistance related index, which had an excellent performance in predicting BCR and tumor immune microenvironment in patients with PCa.
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Yu G, Bao J, Zhan M, Wang J, Li X, Gu X, Song S, Yang Q, Liu Y, Wang Z, Xu B. Comprehensive Analysis of m5C Methylation Regulatory Genes and Tumor Microenvironment in Prostate Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:914577. [PMID: 35757739 PMCID: PMC9226312 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.914577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 5-Methylcytidine (m5C) methylation is an emerging epigenetic modification in recent years, which is associated with the development and progression of various cancers. However, the prognostic value of m5C regulatory genes and the correlation between m5C methylation and the tumor microenvironment (TME) in prostate cancer remain unknown. Methods In the current study, the genetic and transcriptional alterations and prognostic value of m5C regulatory genes were investigated in The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. Then, an m5C prognostic model was established by LASSO Cox regression analysis. Gene set variation analyses (GSVA), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), clinical relevance, and TME analyses were conducted to explain the biological functions and quantify the TME scores between high-risk and low-risk subgroups. m5C regulatory gene clusters and m5C immune subtypes were identified using consensus unsupervised clustering analysis. The Cell-type Identification By Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts algorithm was used to calculate the contents of immune cells. Results TET3 was upregulated at transcriptional levels in PCa compared with normal tissues, and a high TET3 expression was associated with poor prognosis. An m5C prognostic model consisting of 3 genes (NSUN2, TET3, and YBX1) was developed and a nomogram was constructed for improving the clinical applicability of the model. Functional analysis revealed the enrichment of pathways and the biological processes associated with RNA regulation and immune function. Significant differences were also found in the expression levels of m5C regulatory genes, TME scores, and immune cell infiltration levels between different risk subgroups. We identified two distinct m5C gene clusters and found their correlation with patient prognosis and immune cell infiltration characteristics. Naive B cells, CD8+ T cells, M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages were obtained and 2 m5C immune subtypes were identified. CTLA4, NSUN6, TET1, and TET3 were differentially expressed between immune subtypes. The expression of CTLA4 was found to be correlated with the degree of immune cell infiltration. Conclusions Our comprehensive analysis of m5C regulatory genes in PCa demonstrated their potential roles in the prognosis, clinical features, and TME. These findings may improve our understanding of m5C regulatory genes in the tumor biology of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guopeng Yu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahao Bao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangyi Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjuan Li
- General Medical Department, Yangpu Daqiao Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Gu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangqing Song
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yushan Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Liu J, Zhang W, Wang J, Lv Z, Xia H, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Wang J. Construction and validation of N6-methyladenosine long non-coding RNAs signature of prognostic value for early biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 149:1969-1983. [PMID: 35731271 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early biochemical recurrence (eBCR) indicated a high risk for potential recurrence and metastasis in prostate cancer. The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation modification played an important role in prostate cancer progression. This study aimed to develop a m6A lncRNA signature to accurately predict eBCR in prostate cancer. METHODS Pearson correlation analysis was first conducted to explore m6A lncRNAs and univariate Cox regression analysis was further performed to identify m6A lncRNAs of prognostic roles for predicting eBCR in prostate cancer. The m6A lncRNA signature was constructed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis (LASSO) in training cohort and further validated in test cohort. Furthermore, half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were utilized to explore potential effective drugs for high-risk group in this study. RESULTS Five hundred and thirty-eighth m6A lncRNAs were searched out through Pearson correlation analysis and 25 out of 538 m6A lncRNAs were identified to pose prediction roles for eBCR in prostate cancers. An m6A lncRNA signature including 5 lncRNAs was successfully built in training cohort. The high-risk group derived from m6A lncRNA signature could efficiently predict eBCR occurrence in both training (p < 0.001) and test cohort (p = 0.002). ROC analysis also confirmed that lncRNA signature in this study posed more accurate prediction roles for eBCR occurrence when compared with PSA, TNM stages and Gleason scores. Drug sensitivity analysis further discovered that various drugs could be potentially utilized to treat high-risk samples in this study. CONCLUSIONS The m6A lncRNA signature in this study could be utilized to efficiently predict eBCR occurrence, various clinical characteristic and immune microenvironment for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Liu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 9 DongDan SANTIAO, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 9 DongDan SANTIAO, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 9 DongDan SANTIAO, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhengtong Lv
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 9 DongDan SANTIAO, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Haoran Xia
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 9 DongDan SANTIAO, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yaoguang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 9 DongDan SANTIAO, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Jianye Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 9 DongDan SANTIAO, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Wen R, Zhao H, Zhang D, Chiu CL, Brooks JD. Sialylated glycoproteins as biomarkers and drivers of progression in prostate cancer. Carbohydr Res 2022; 519:108598. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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72
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Kramer CS, Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss A. Immuno-Imaging (PET/SPECT)-Quo Vadis? MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103354. [PMID: 35630835 PMCID: PMC9147562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment regimen of certain cancer types, but response assessment has become a difficult task with conventional methods such as CT/MRT or FDG PET-CT and the classical response criteria such as RECIST or PERCIST which have been developed for chemotherapeutic treatment. Plenty of new tracers have been published to improve the assessment of treatment response and to stratify the patient population. We gathered the information on published tracers (in total, 106 individual SPECT/PET tracers were identified) and performed a descriptor-based analysis; in this way, we classify the tracers with regard to target choice, developability (probability to progress from preclinical stage into the clinic), translatability (probability to be widely applied in the 'real world'), and (assumed) diagnostic quality. In our analysis, we show that most tracers are targeting PD-L1, PD-1, CTLA-4, and CD8 receptors by using antibodies or their fragments. Another finding is that plenty of tracers possess only minor iterations regarding chelators and nuclides instead of approaching the problem in a new innovative way. Based on the data, we suggest an orthogonal approach by targeting intracellular targets with PET-activatable small molecules that are currently underrepresented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten S. Kramer
- Curanosticum Wiesbaden-Frankfurt, Center for Advanced Radiomolecular Precision Oncology, D-65191 Wiesbaden, Germany
- Correspondence:
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73
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Fei H, Chen X. Development of a novel five-gene immune-related risk model for the prognosis evaluation of prostate adenocarcinoma patients. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:2337-2349. [PMID: 35693084 PMCID: PMC9185615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the immune cells and the host immune system with the tumor cells is significantly associated with the initiation and progression of prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD), whereas the application of immune-related genes (IRGs) for the prognosis evaluation of PRAD patients is still lacking. In this study, we aimed to identify IRGs with prognostic values and to develop a clinically effective risk model. Wilcoxon rank-sum test and univariate Cox analysis were applied to identify the differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIRGs) related to the survival of PRAD patients. The Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis was performed to identify the independent prognostic DEIRGs and to establish an immune risk score prognostic model. The reliability and veracity of the prognostic model were validated in PRAD patients from the internal cohort (The Cancer Genome Atlas, TCGA dataset) and the external cohort (International Cancer Genome Consortium, ICGC dataset), respectively. Six of the 193 identified DEIRGs were survival-associated in PRAD patients. Five prognostic DEIRGs (SLPI, NOX1, DES, BIRC5 and AMH) were selected to construct the immune-related prognostic model with optimal robustness. In the 2 independent cohorts we chose, PRAD patients could be effectively stratified according to our risk model. Patients with high risk scores had worse survival. Clinical correlation analysis proved that the risk score was associated with advanced clinicopathologic features. Multivariate analysis indicated that the risk model was an independent prognostic indicator. We also established a nomogram based on the risk score model for clinical application. Additionally, the risk score model was correlated with immune cell infiltration and reflected the status of the immune microenvironment. The prognostic value of the five immune-related genes used in the prognostic model was also validated. Our immune-related prognostic model was an effective tool that could not only serve as a predictor for prognosis, but also provide potential prognostic and therapeutic molecular biomarkers for optimizing personalized therapies in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Fei
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiongming Chen
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030, China
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74
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Immunotherapy in Genitourinary Malignancy: Evolution in Revolution or Revolution in Evolution. Cancer Treat Res 2022; 183:201-223. [PMID: 35551661 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96376-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy, the 5th pillar of cancer care after surgery, radiotherapy, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and precision therapy (molecular targeted therapy), is revolutionizing the standard of care in certain patients with genitourinary malignancies. As modest clinical benefits of IL-2 for metastatic renal cell carcinoma and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy for early-stage bladder cancers in the past years, immune checkpoint inhibitors therapies demonstrate meaningful survival benefit and durable clinical response in renal cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, and some prostate cancer. Despite best efforts, the benefits are limited to a minority of unselected patients due to the complexities of biomarker development. Now come the next hurdles: figuring out which patients best respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors and which patients won't respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors? How best to approach immune checkpoint inhibitors therapies to extend/maximize the treatment response as long as possible? How to overcome therapeutic resistance by specific concurrent immunomodulators or targeted therapy or chemotherapy? The role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination or sequencing with chemotherapy or other targeted therapies or other immunomodulating therapeutics in the early disease, neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and metastatic setting is actively under exploration. Ideal strategy for cancer care is to provide not just more time, but more quality time: there remain unmet needs for novel therapies that exploit molecular or genetic pathways to extend survival without compromising health-related quality of life for patients with advanced genitourinary malignancies. Further research is needed to discover new therapeutic strategies, and validate efficacy and effectiveness in real-world settings.
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75
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Ge R, Wang Z, Cheng L. Tumor microenvironment heterogeneity an important mediator of prostate cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:31. [PMID: 35508696 PMCID: PMC9068628 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-022-00272-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity, which poses a major challenge to precision therapy and drug development. In this review, we discuss how nongenetic factors contribute to heterogeneity of prostate cancer. We also discuss tumor heterogeneity and phenotypic switching related to anticancer therapies. Lastly, we summarize the challenges targeting the tumor environments, and emphasize that continued exploration of tumor heterogeneity is needed in order to offer a personalized therapy for advanced prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbin Ge
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Zongwei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urologic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. .,Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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76
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Conteduca V, Casadei C, Scarpi E, Brighi N, Schepisi G, Lolli C, Gurioli G, Toma I, Poti G, Farolfi A, De Giorgi U. Baseline Plasma Tumor DNA (ctDNA) Correlates with PSA Kinetics in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) Treated with Abiraterone or Enzalutamide. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2219. [PMID: 35565349 PMCID: PMC9102454 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Baseline high circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) fraction in plasma and androgen receptor (AR) copy number (CN) gain identify mCRPC patients with worse outcomes. This study aimed to assess if ctDNA associates with PSA kinetics. Methods: In this prospective biomarker study, we evaluate ctDNA fraction and AR CN from plasma samples. We divided patients into high and low ctDNA level and in AR gain and AR normal. Results: 220 baseline samples were collected from mCRPC treated with abiraterone (n = 140) or enzalutamide (n = 80). A lower rate of PSA decline ≥ 50% was observed in patients with high ctDNA (p = 0.017) and AR gain (p = 0.0003). Combining ctDNA fraction and AR CN, we found a different median PSA progression-free survival (PFS) among four groups: (1) low ctDNA/AR normal, (2) high ctDNA/AR normal, (3) low ctDNA/AR gain, and (4) high ctDNA/AR gain (11.4 vs. 5.0 vs. 4.8 vs. 3.7 months, p < 0.0001). In a multivariable analysis, high ctDNA, AR gain, PSA DT, PSA DT velocity remained independent predictors of PSA PFS. Conclusions: Elevated ctDNA levels and AR gain are negatively and independently correlated with PSA kinetics in mCRPC men treated with abiraterone or enzalutamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Conteduca
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo Per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (C.C.); (E.S.); (N.B.); (G.S.); (C.L.); (G.G.); (A.F.); (U.D.G.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Medical Oncology and Biomolecular Therapy, University of Foggia, Policlinico Riuniti, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Chiara Casadei
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo Per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (C.C.); (E.S.); (N.B.); (G.S.); (C.L.); (G.G.); (A.F.); (U.D.G.)
| | - Emanuela Scarpi
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo Per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (C.C.); (E.S.); (N.B.); (G.S.); (C.L.); (G.G.); (A.F.); (U.D.G.)
| | - Nicole Brighi
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo Per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (C.C.); (E.S.); (N.B.); (G.S.); (C.L.); (G.G.); (A.F.); (U.D.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Schepisi
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo Per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (C.C.); (E.S.); (N.B.); (G.S.); (C.L.); (G.G.); (A.F.); (U.D.G.)
| | - Cristian Lolli
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo Per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (C.C.); (E.S.); (N.B.); (G.S.); (C.L.); (G.G.); (A.F.); (U.D.G.)
| | - Giorgia Gurioli
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo Per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (C.C.); (E.S.); (N.B.); (G.S.); (C.L.); (G.G.); (A.F.); (U.D.G.)
| | - Ilaria Toma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Card. G. Panico Hospital of Tricase, 73039 Tricase, Italy;
| | - Giulia Poti
- Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alberto Farolfi
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo Per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (C.C.); (E.S.); (N.B.); (G.S.); (C.L.); (G.G.); (A.F.); (U.D.G.)
| | - Ugo De Giorgi
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo Per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (C.C.); (E.S.); (N.B.); (G.S.); (C.L.); (G.G.); (A.F.); (U.D.G.)
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77
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Production and Conjugation of Truncated Recombinant Diphtheria Toxin to VEGFR-2 Specific Nanobody and Evaluation of its Cytotoxic Effect on PC-3 Cell Line. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:1218-1226. [PMID: 35478310 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunotoxins have represented a great potency in targeted therapeutics to encounter tumors. They consist of a protein toxin conjugated to a targeting moiety, which recognizes a specific antigen on surface of cancer cells and accordingly induces cell death by toxin segment. The targeting part could be a nanobody, which is a group of antibodies composed of an only functional single variable heavy chain (VHH).Therefore, this study was done to produce an immunotoxin (VGRNb-DT) by chemical conjugation of a truncated diphtheria toxin moiety to an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR-2) nanobody, and to identify effectiveness of immunotoxin in recognizing the VEGFR-2- positive cancer cells and inhibiting cell growth and survival. Diphtheria toxin was expressed and purified by nickel affinity chromatography, and accordingly, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot analysis confirmed its expression. Function of heterobifunctional crosslinkers, Sulfo-SMCC (sulfosuccinimidyl-4-(N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylate), and SATP (N-succinimidyl-S- acetylthiopropionate) for bioconjugation purposes was acknowledged by cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Cytotoxicity of immunotoxin was evaluated on the VEGFR-2 positive PC-3 cell line by MTT assay. Overexpression of VEGFR-2 in the PC-3 cell line allowed immunotoxin to recognize them by anti-VEGFR-2 nanobodies. The concentrations above 5 μg/ml represented a significant decrease in cell survival rate in PC-3 cells compared to HEK293 cells (VEGFR-2 negative cells) as controls.VGRNb-DT demonstrated a successful bioconjugation; furthermore, variable concentrations were correlated with cell death in prostate cancer PC-3 cells.
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78
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Xie H, Guo L, Wang Z, Peng S, Ma Q, Yang Z, Shang Z, Niu Y. Assessing the Potential Prognostic and Immunological Role of TK1 in Prostate Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:778850. [PMID: 35559045 PMCID: PMC9086852 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.778850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It has been reported that thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) was up-regulated in multiple malignancies and participated in the regulation of tumor malignant behavior. However, its specific role in prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. Methods: TK1 expression in PCa patients and cell lines was identified via crossover analysis of the public datasets. A series of in vitro experiments and in vivo models was applied to investigate the function of TK1 in PCa. Functional enrichment analyses were further conducted to explore the underlying mechanism. Additionally, TISIDB was applied to explore the correlation between TK1 expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, immune subtypes, and immune regulatory factors. Results: TK1 expression was significantly up-regulated in PCa patients and cell lines. TK1 ablation inhibited tumor cell proliferation and migration potential, and in vivo experiments showed that TK1 inactivation can significantly restrain tumor growth. Functional enrichment analysis revealed TK1-related hub genes (AURKB, CCNB2, CDC20, CDCA5, CDK1, CENPA, CENPM, KIF2C, NDC80, NUF2, PLK1, SKA1, SPC25, ZWINT), and found that TK1 was closely involved in the regulation of cell cycle. Moreover, elevated mRNA expression of TK1 was related with higher Gleason score, higher clinical stage, higher pathological stage, higher lymph node stage, shorter overall survival, and DFS in PCa patients. Particularly, TK1 represented attenuated expression in C3 PCa and was related with infiltration of CD4+, CD8+ T cells, and dendritic cells as well as immunomodulator expression. Conclusion: Our study indicates that TK1 is a prognostic predictor correlated with poor outcomes of PCa patients, and for the first time represented that TK1 can promote the progression of PCa. Therefore, TK1 may be a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, as well as a therapeutic target for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Linpei Guo
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhun Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuanghe Peng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianwang Ma
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqun Shang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanjie Niu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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79
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Li Q, Xiao X, Chen B, Song G, Zeng K, Miao J. Identification of a Gene Signature to Aid Treatment Decisions by Integrated Analysis of Mutated Genes Between Primary and Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:877086. [PMID: 35495154 PMCID: PMC9041415 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.877086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in males. Despite the recent development of advanced diagnostic platforms and treatment, patients with metastatic disease still have a poor five-year survival rate. Cancer metastasis is correlated with the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment and is significantly associated with patient prognosis. In this study, we obtained mutated genes with significant differences between primary and metastatic prostate cancer from the COSMIC database. Unsupervised consensus clustering was used based on the 1,051 genes obtained, and two PCa clusters were identified, which exhibited different prognostic outcomes and immune characteristics. Next, we generated a scoring system and evaluated the prognostic value of riskscore and its potential to aid treatment decisions in clinical practice. The riskscore could be applied to predict patients’ response to immunotherapy and sensitivity to Docetaxel. In conclusion, this study performed an integrated analysis of mutated genes between primary and metastatic prostate cancer and provides a novel assessment scheme to precisely select treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyu Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyan Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingliang Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoda Song
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Zeng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianping Miao
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jianping Miao,
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80
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Zhou L, Fan R, Luo Y, Zhang C, Jia D, Wang R, Zeng Y, Ren M, Du K, Pan W, Yang J, Tian F, Gu C. A Metabolism-Related Gene Landscape Predicts Prostate Cancer Recurrence and Treatment Response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837991. [PMID: 35359973 PMCID: PMC8960425 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignant tumor in men. Although clinical treatments of PCa have made great progress in recent decades, once tolerance to treatments occurs, the disease progresses rapidly after recurrence. PCa exhibits a unique metabolic rewriting that changes from initial neoplasia to advanced neoplasia. However, systematic and comprehensive studies on the relationship of changes in the metabolic landscape of PCa with tumor recurrence and treatment response are lacking. We aimed to construct a metabolism-related gene landscape that predicts PCa recurrence and treatment response. Methods In the present study, we used differentially expressed gene analysis, protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks, univariate and multivariate Cox regression, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to construct and verify a metabolism-related risk model (MRM) to predict the disease-free survival (DFS) and response to treatment for PCa patients. Results The MRM predicted patient survival more accurately than the current clinical prognostic indicators. By using two independent PCa datasets (International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) PCa and Taylor) and actual patients to test the model, we also confirmed that the metabolism-related risk score (MRS) was strongly related to PCa progression. Notably, patients in different MRS subgroups had significant differences in metabolic activity, mutant landscape, immune microenvironment, and drug sensitivity. Patients in the high-MRS group were more sensitive to immunotherapy and endocrine therapy, while patients in the low-MRS group were more sensitive to chemotherapy. Conclusions We developed an MRM, which might act as a clinical feature to more accurately assess prognosis and guide the selection of appropriate treatment for PCa patients. It is promising for further application in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhou
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Henan Institute of Urology and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Urological Tumor Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruixin Fan
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Henan Institute of Urology and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Urological Tumor Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongbo Luo
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Henan Institute of Urology and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Urological Tumor Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Donghui Jia
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rongli Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiao tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Youmiao Zeng
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Henan Institute of Urology and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Urological Tumor Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengda Ren
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Henan Institute of Urology and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Urological Tumor Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaixuan Du
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Henan Institute of Urology and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Urological Tumor Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenbang Pan
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Henan Institute of Urology and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Urological Tumor Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinjian Yang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Henan Institute of Urology and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Urological Tumor Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fengyan Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaohui Gu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Henan Institute of Urology and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Urological Tumor Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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81
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Tong D. Selective estrogen receptor modulators contribute to prostate cancer treatment by regulating the tumor immune microenvironment. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-002944. [PMID: 35383112 PMCID: PMC8984050 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) has previously been established as a cold tumor and develops in an inert immunosuppressive environment. Current research focuses on altering the immune microenvironment of PC from cold to hot; thus, in the present review, the diverse roles of estrogen and estrogen receptor (ER) signaling was examined in the tumor cell and tumor immune microenvironment (TIM). We hypothesized that ERα promotes PC progression and ERβ impedes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in PC cells, while in the TIM, ERβ mediates the immunosuppressive environment, and low levels of ERα is associated with disease development. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) or selective ER degraders play diverse roles in the regulation of ER isoforms. Patients with PC may benefit from the use of SERMs, including raloxifene, in combination with anti-PD1/PD-L1 checkpoint immunotherapy, or TGF-β or Wnt antagonists. The present review demonstrated that immunotherapy-based strategies combined with SERMs may be an option for the future of PC-targeting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Tong
- Department of Urological Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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82
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Jiao M, Zhang F, Teng W, Zhou C. MYBL2 is a Novel Independent Prognostic Biomarker and Correlated with Immune Infiltrates in Prostate Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:3003-3030. [PMID: 35313552 PMCID: PMC8934167 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s351638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose MYB proto-oncogene like 2 (MYBL2) is a member of the MYB family of transcription factor genes and overexpressed in many cancers. We investigated the role of MYBL2 in the malignant progression of prostate cancer (PCa) and its relationship with immune infiltrates in PCa. Methods Gene expression level, clinicopathological parameters, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway, tumor immune infiltration analysis were based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) were conducted to analyze the correlation between MYBL2 and immune infiltrates. The data processing analysis based on R language. The relationship between MYBL2 expression and immune response in PCa was analyzed on TIMER 2.0. Results MYBL2 was overexpressed in PCa patients, and correlated with T-stage, Gleason score, primary therapy outcome and progress free interval (PFI) event. The multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed MYBL2 was an independent risk factor for PFI (HR=1.250, 95% CI=1.016–1.537, p=0.035). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for MYBL2 (AUC=0.887) and nomogram also confirmed the diagnostic value of MYBL2 in the treatment of PCa patients. Based on mRNA expression of MYBL2, PCa patients were divided into MYBL2-high group and MYBL2-low group, and analysis of MYBL2 associated KEGG and GO pathways using R language revealed that 6 immune-related signaling pathways were enriched in MYBL2-high expression phenotype. GSEA analysis showed that 3 hallmark gene sets related to immune response were significantly enriched in MYBL2-high group, ssGSEA analysis found that MYBL2 expression correlated with the expression of many tumor immune lymphocytes (CD8+T cells, neutrophil cells, macrophage cells and so on) and immune check point inhibitors (CD276, BTLA, TNFRSF18, HAVCR2 and CD70). Conclusion MYBL2 is a novel independent prognostic biomarker and MYBL2 may play a crucial role in tumor immune microenvironment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Jiao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Facai Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Teng
- College of Business, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Chengjun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Chengjun Zhou, Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Immunotherapy in Advanced Prostate Cancer-Light at the End of the Tunnel? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052569. [PMID: 35269712 PMCID: PMC8910587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic treatment approaches are now an integral part of the treatment of many solid tumors. However, attempts to integrate immunotherapy into the treatment of prostate cancer have been disappointing so far. This is due to a highly immunosuppressive, “cold” tumor microenvironment, which is characterized, for example, by the absence of cytotoxic T cells, an increased number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells or regulatory T cells, a decreased number of tumor antigens, or a defect in antigen presentation. The consequence is a reduced efficacy of many established immunotherapeutic treatments such as checkpoint inhibitors. However, a growing understanding of the underlying mechanisms of tumor–immune system interactions raises hopes that immunotherapeutic strategies can be optimized in the future. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current status and future directions of immunotherapy development in prostate cancer. Background information on immune response and tumor microenvironment will help to better understand current therapeutic strategies under preclinical and clinical development.
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84
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An In Vitro Investigation into Cryoablation and Adjunctive Cryoablation/Chemotherapy Combination Therapy for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer Using the PANC-1 Cell Line. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020450. [PMID: 35203660 PMCID: PMC8962332 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As the incidence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) continues to grow, so does the need for new strategies for treatment. One such area being evaluated is cryoablation. While promising, studies remain limited and questions surrounding basic dosing (minimal lethal temperature) coupled with technological issues associated with accessing PDAC tumors and tumor proximity to vasculature and bile ducts, among others, have limited the use of cryoablation. Additionally, as chemotherapy remains the first-line of attack for PDAC, there is limited information on the impact of combining freezing with chemotherapy. As such, this study investigated the in vitro response of a PDAC cell line to freezing, chemotherapy, and the combination of chemotherapy pre-treatment and freezing. PANC-1 cells and PANC-1 tumor models were exposed to cryoablation (freezing insult) and compared to non-frozen controls. Additionally, PANC-1 cells were exposed to varying sub-clinical doses of gemcitabine or oxaliplatin alone and in combination with freezing. The results show that freezing to −10 °C did not affect viability, whereas −15 °C and −20 °C resulted in a reduction in 1 day post-freeze viability to 85% and 20%, respectively, though both recovered to controls by day 7. A complete cell loss was found following a single freeze below −25 °C. The combination of 100 nM gemcitabine (1.1 mg/m2) pre-treatment and a single freeze at −15 °C resulted in near-complete cell death (<5% survival) over the 7-day assessment interval. The combination of 8.8 µM oxaliplatin (130 mg/m2) pre-treatment and a single −15 °C freeze resulted in a similar trend of increased PANC-1 cell death. In summary, these in vitro results suggest that freezing alone to temperatures in the range of −25 °C results in a high degree of PDAC destruction. Further, the data support a potential combinatorial chemo/cryo-therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PDAC. These results suggest that a reduction in chemotherapeutic dose may be possible when offered in combination with freezing for the treatment of PDAC.
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85
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Christenson M, Song CS, Liu YG, Chatterjee B. Precision Targets for Intercepting the Lethal Progression of Prostate Cancer: Potential Avenues for Personalized Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:892. [PMID: 35205640 PMCID: PMC8870390 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ-confined prostate cancer of low-grade histopathology is managed with radiation, surgery, active surveillance, or watchful waiting and exhibits a 5-year overall survival (OS) of 95%, while metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) is incurable, holding a 5-year OS of 30%. Treatment options for advanced PCa-metastatic and non-metastatic-include hormone therapy that inactivates androgen receptor (AR) signaling, chemotherapy and genome-targeted therapy entailing synthetic lethality of tumor cells exhibiting aberrant DNA damage response, and immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI), which suppresses tumors with genomic microsatellite instability and/or deficient mismatch repair. Cancer genome sequencing uncovered novel somatic and germline mutations, while mechanistic studies are revealing their pathological consequences. A microRNA has shown biomarker potential for stratifying patients who may benefit from angiogenesis inhibition prior to ICI. A 22-gene expression signature may select high-risk localized PCa, which would not additionally benefit from post-radiation hormone therapy. We present an up-to-date review of the molecular and therapeutic aspects of PCa, highlight genomic alterations leading to AR upregulation and discuss AR-degrading molecules as promising anti-AR therapeutics. New biomarkers and druggable targets are shaping innovative intervention strategies against high-risk localized and metastatic PCa, including AR-independent small cell-neuroendocrine carcinoma, while presenting individualized treatment opportunities through improved design and precision targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bandana Chatterjee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.C.); (C.-S.S.); (Y.-G.L.)
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86
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Hagiwara M, Fushimi A, Bhattacharya A, Yamashita N, Morimoto Y, Oya M, Withers HG, Hu Q, Liu T, Liu S, Wong KK, Long MD, Kufe D. MUC1-C integrates type II interferon and chromatin remodeling pathways in immunosuppression of prostate cancer. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2029298. [PMID: 35127252 PMCID: PMC8812775 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2029298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic MUC1-C protein drives dedifferentiation of castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells in association with chromatin remodeling. The present work demonstrates that MUC1-C is necessary for expression of IFNGR1 and activation of the type II interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) pathway. We show that MUC1-C→ARID1A/BAF signaling induces IFNGR1 transcription and that MUC1-C-induced activation of the NuRD complex suppresses FBXW7 in stabilizing the IFNGR1 protein. MUC1-C and NuRD were also necessary for expression of the downstream STAT1 and IRF1 transcription factors. We further demonstrate that MUC1-C and PBRM1/PBAF are necessary for IRF1-induced expression of (i) IDO1, WARS and PTGES, which metabolically suppress the immune tumor microenvironment (TME), and (ii) the ISG15 and SERPINB9 inhibitors of T cell function. Of translational relevance, we show that MUC1 associates with expression of IFNGR1, STAT1 and IRF1, as well as the downstream IDO1, WARS, PTGES, ISG15 and SERPINB9 immunosuppressive effectors in CRPC tumors. Analyses of scRNA-seq data further demonstrate that MUC1 correlates with cancer stem cell (CSC) and IFN gene signatures across CRPC cells. Consistent with these results, MUC1 associates with immune cell-depleted "cold" CRPC TMEs. These findings demonstrate that MUC1-C integrates chronic activation of the type II IFN-γ pathway and induction of chromatin remodeling complexes in linking the CSC state with immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Hagiwara
- Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Atsushi Fushimi
- Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Nami Yamashita
- Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Mototsugu Oya
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Henry G. Withers
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kwok K. Wong
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark D. Long
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Donald Kufe
- Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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Li L, Zhou B, Xu H, Shi H, Gao L, Ge B. Zinc-Loaded Black Phosphorus Multifunctional Nanodelivery System Combined With Photothermal Therapy Have the Potential to Treat Prostate Cancer Patients Infected With COVID-19. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:872411. [PMID: 35464050 PMCID: PMC9019928 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.872411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has swept the world and become a new virus threatening the health of all mankind. The survey found that prostate cancer accounts for one in three male cancer patients infected with COVID-19. This undoubtedly makes prostate cancer patients face a more difficult situation. Prostate cancer is the second most harmful malignant tumor in men because of its insidious onset, easy metastasis, and easy development into castration-resistant prostate cancer even after treatment. Due to its high immunogenicity and a small number of specific infiltrating T cells with tumor-associated antigens in the tissue, it is difficult to obtain a good therapeutic effect with immune checkpoint blocking therapy alone. Therefore, in the current study, we developed a platform carrying Doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded black phosphate nanometer combined with photothermal therapy (PTT) and found this drug combination stimulated the immungentic cell death (ICD) process in PC-3 cells and DC maturation. More importantly, zinc ions have a good immunomodulatory function against infectious diseases, and can improve the killing ability of the nanosystem against prostate cancer cells. The introduction of Aptamer (Apt) enhances the targeting of the entire nanomedicine. We hope that this excellent combination will lead to effective treatment strategies for prostate cancer patients infected with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin, China
| | - Baotong Zhou
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin, China
| | - Haoyang Xu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin, China
| | - Hailin Shi
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin, China
- *Correspondence: Li Gao, ; Bo Ge,
| | - Bo Ge
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- *Correspondence: Li Gao, ; Bo Ge,
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88
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Chen CY, Lin H, Cheng PT, Cheng YC, Oner M, Li YH, Chen MC, Wu JH, Chang TC, Celik A, Liu FL, Wang HY, Lai CH, Hsieh JT. Antrodia salmonea extract inhibits cell proliferation through regulating cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2022; 65:209-214. [DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_78_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Wang Y, Fan J, Chen T, Xu L, Liu P, Xiao L, Wu T, Zhou Q, Zheng Q, Liu C, Chan FL, Wu D. A novel ferroptosis-related gene prognostic index for prognosis and response to immunotherapy in patients with prostate cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:975623. [PMID: 36034466 PMCID: PMC9399637 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.975623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is among the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Ferroptosis refers to an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death and is involved in prostate tumorigenesis. A few ferroptosis-related gene signatures have been developed to predict the prognosis for PCa patients. However, previous signatures were typically established based on biochemical recurrence-free survival, which has proven not to be a good surrogate for overall survival (OS). This study aimed to construct a novel ferroptosis-related gene prognostic index (FRGPI) to predict disease-free survival (DFS) and response to immunotherapy for PCa patients after radical prostatectomy. METHODS Gene expression and clinicopathological data on PCa patients were obtained from the TCGA database. Ferroptosis-related hub genes associated with DFS of PCa patients were identified by an in-depth bioinformatics analysis using a novel and comprehensive algorithm based on functional enrichment, consensus clustering, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction. The FRGPI was established on the basis of the genes selected using multivariate cox regression analysis and further validated in two additional PCa cohorts. Next, the clinicopathological, molecular, and immune profiles were characterized and compared between FRGPI-high and FRGPI-low subgroups. Finally, the predictive role of the FRGPI in response to immunotherapy was estimated using a metastatic urothelial cancer cohort treated with an anti-PD-L1 agent. RESULTS The FRGPI was constructed based on four genes (E2F1, CDC20, TYMS, and NUP85), and FRGPI-high patients had worse DFS than FRGPI-low patients. Multivariate cox regression analysis revealed that FRGPI could act as an independent prognostic factor for PCa patients after radical prostatectomy. A prognostic nomogram comprising the FRGPI and other clinicopathological parameters was established to predict the DFS for PCa patients quantitatively. In addition, comprehensive results demonstrated that high FRGPI scores showed a significantly positive correlation with worse clinicopathological features, higher mutation counts, increased frequency of copy number variations (CNVs), higher homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) and immune scores, higher mRNAsi, and more importantly, enhanced sensitivity to immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS FRGPI is not only a promising and robust prognostic biomarker, but also a potential indicator of immunotherapeutic outcomes for PCa patients after radical prostatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiaqi Fan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lele Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengyu Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijia Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingchun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingyou Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chunxiao Liu, ; Franky Leung Chan, ; Dinglan Wu,
| | - Franky Leung Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Chunxiao Liu, ; Franky Leung Chan, ; Dinglan Wu,
| | - Dinglan Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Chunxiao Liu, ; Franky Leung Chan, ; Dinglan Wu,
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90
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Zhang G, Luo Y. An Immune-Related lncRNA Signature to Predict the Biochemical Recurrence and Immune Landscape in Prostate Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:9031-9049. [PMID: 34876840 PMCID: PMC8643172 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s336757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to construct an immune-related signature to provide comprehensive insights into the immune landscape of prostate cancer, which can predict biochemical recurrence (BCR) and clinical treatment. Methods Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, a signature constructed by DEirlncRNAs pairs was determined. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, Kaplan-Meier analysis, nomogram, and decision curve analysis were used to analyze it. Then, immunophenoscore (IPS), immune cell infiltration, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and immune function were investigated. Finally, we evaluated the role of the signature in medical treatment. Results A signature constructed by 10 valid DEirlncRNAs pairs was identified in the training set and validated well in the testing and entire set. The signature was a reliable and independent prognostic indicator to predict the BCR of prostate cancer, which was better than the clinicopathological characteristics. After dividing the patients into low- and high-risk groups by median value, we found that the high-risk group had shorter BCR-free time and higher TMB levels. Furthermore, the high-risk group was negatively associated with plasma B cells and CD+8 T cells. IPS and immune functions, such as immune checkpoints and human leukocyte antigen, were significantly different between the two groups. Low-risk group was more sensitive to endocrine therapy and immunotherapy, while high-risk group was more inclined to targeted drugs. Both groups had their own sensitive chemotherapy. Conclusion We established a novel signature to predict BCR and validated its role in the immune landscape of prostate cancer, which could help patients receive personalized medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guian Zhang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Urology, the Second People's Hospital of Foshan, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528000, People's Republic of China
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91
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Kim KY, Yun UJ, Yeom SH, Kim SC, Lee HJ, Ahn SC, Park KI, Kim YW. Inhibition of Autophagy Promotes Hemistepsin A-Induced Apoptosis via Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated AMPK-Dependent Signaling in Human Prostate Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121806. [PMID: 34944451 PMCID: PMC8699411 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is an essential strategy for cancer treatment. On the other hand, consistent exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs induces chemo-resistance in cancer cells through a variety of mechanisms. Therefore, it is important to develop a new drug inhibiting chemo-resistance. Although hemistepsin A (HsA) is known to have anti-tumor effects, the molecular mechanisms of HsA-mediated cell death are unclear. Accordingly, this study examined whether HsA could induce apoptosis in aggressive prostate cancer cells, along with its underlying mechanism. Using HsA on two prostate cancer cell lines, PC-3 and LNCaP cells, the cell analysis and in vivo xenograft model were assayed. In this study, HsA induced apoptosis and autophagy in PC-3 cells. HsA-mediated ROS production attenuated HsA-induced apoptosis and autophagy after treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger. Moreover, autophagy inhibition by 3-MA or CQ is involved in accelerating the apoptosis induced by HsA. Furthermore, we showed the anti-tumor effects of HsA in mice, as assessed by the reduced growth of the xenografted tumors. In conclusion, HsA induced apoptosis and ROS generation, which were blocked by protective autophagy signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Youn Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea;
| | - Un-Jung Yun
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (U.-J.Y.); (S.-H.Y.)
| | - Seung-Hee Yeom
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (U.-J.Y.); (S.-H.Y.)
- Medical Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea;
| | - Sang-Chan Kim
- Medical Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea;
| | - Hu-Jang Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Soon-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-C.A.); (K.-I.P.); (Y.-W.K.)
| | - Kwang-Il Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.-C.A.); (K.-I.P.); (Y.-W.K.)
| | - Young-Woo Kim
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (U.-J.Y.); (S.-H.Y.)
- Correspondence: (S.-C.A.); (K.-I.P.); (Y.-W.K.)
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Hintz HM, Snyder KM, Wu J, Hullsiek R, Dahlvang JD, Hart GT, Walcheck B, LeBeau AM. Simultaneous Engagement of Tumor and Stroma Targeting Antibodies by Engineered NK-92 Cells Expressing CD64 Controls Prostate Cancer Growth. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:1270-1282. [PMID: 34452926 PMCID: PMC9119026 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has been largely resistant to immunotherapy. Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that detect and kill transformed cells without prior sensitization, and their infiltration into prostate tumors corresponds with an increased overall survival among patients with mCRPC. We sought to harness this knowledge to develop an approach to NK-cell based immunotherapy for mCRPC. We engineered an NK cell line (NK-92MI) to express CD64, the sole human high-affinity IgG Fcγ receptor (FcγR1), and bound these cells with antibodies to provide interchangeable tumor-targeting elements. NK-92MICD64 cells were evaluated for cell-activation mechanisms and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). A combination of mAbs was used to target the prostate tumor antigen tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (TROP2) and the cancer-associated fibroblast marker fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP). We found that CD64, which is normally expressed by myeloid cells and associates with the adaptor molecule FcRγ, can be expressed by NK-92MI cells and mediate ADCC through an association with CD3ζ. Cytotoxicity from the combination approach was two-fold higher compared to treatment with NK-92MICD64 cells and either mAb alone, and seven-fold higher than NK-92MICD64 cells alone at an effector-target cell ratio of 20:1. The cytotoxic effect was lost when using isotype control antibodies, indicating a selective targeting mechanism. The combination approach demonstrated efficacy in vivo as well and significantly reduced tumor growth compared with the saline control. This combination therapy presents a potential approach for treating mCRPC and could improve immunotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallie M Hintz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kristin M Snyder
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Jianming Wu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Robert Hullsiek
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - James D Dahlvang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Geoffrey T Hart
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Bruce Walcheck
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota.
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Aaron M LeBeau
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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Freitas LF, Ferreira AH, Thipe VC, Varca GHC, Lima CSA, Batista JGS, Riello FN, Nogueira K, Cruz CPC, Mendes GOA, Rodrigues AS, Sousa TS, Alves VM, Lugão AB. The State of the Art of Theranostic Nanomaterials for Lung, Breast, and Prostate Cancers. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2579. [PMID: 34685018 PMCID: PMC8539690 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and engineering of nanomaterials offer more robust systems for the treatment of cancer, with technologies that combine therapy with imaging diagnostic tools in the so-called nanotheranostics. Among the most studied systems, there are quantum dots, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, dendrimers, and gold nanoparticles. Most of the advantages of nanomaterials over the classic anticancer therapies come from their optimal size, which prevents the elimination by the kidneys and enhances their permeation in the tumor due to the abnormal blood vessels present in cancer tissues. Furthermore, the drug delivery and the contrast efficiency for imaging are enhanced, especially due to the increased surface area and the selective accumulation in the desired tissues. This property leads to the reduced drug dose necessary to exert the desired effect and for a longer action within the tumor. Finally, they are made so that there is no degradation into toxic byproducts and have a lower immune response triggering. In this article, we intend to review and discuss the state-of-the-art regarding the use of nanomaterials as therapeutic and diagnostic tools for lung, breast, and prostate cancer, as they are among the most prevalent worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas F. Freitas
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.H.F.); (V.C.T.); (C.S.A.L.); (J.G.S.B.); (F.N.R.); (K.N.); (C.P.C.C.); (G.O.A.M.); (A.S.R.); (T.S.S.); (V.M.A.); (A.B.L.)
| | - Aryel H. Ferreira
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.H.F.); (V.C.T.); (C.S.A.L.); (J.G.S.B.); (F.N.R.); (K.N.); (C.P.C.C.); (G.O.A.M.); (A.S.R.); (T.S.S.); (V.M.A.); (A.B.L.)
- MackGraphe-Graphene and Nanomaterial Research Center, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Velaphi C. Thipe
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.H.F.); (V.C.T.); (C.S.A.L.); (J.G.S.B.); (F.N.R.); (K.N.); (C.P.C.C.); (G.O.A.M.); (A.S.R.); (T.S.S.); (V.M.A.); (A.B.L.)
| | - Gustavo H. C. Varca
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.H.F.); (V.C.T.); (C.S.A.L.); (J.G.S.B.); (F.N.R.); (K.N.); (C.P.C.C.); (G.O.A.M.); (A.S.R.); (T.S.S.); (V.M.A.); (A.B.L.)
| | - Caroline S. A. Lima
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.H.F.); (V.C.T.); (C.S.A.L.); (J.G.S.B.); (F.N.R.); (K.N.); (C.P.C.C.); (G.O.A.M.); (A.S.R.); (T.S.S.); (V.M.A.); (A.B.L.)
| | - Jorge G. S. Batista
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.H.F.); (V.C.T.); (C.S.A.L.); (J.G.S.B.); (F.N.R.); (K.N.); (C.P.C.C.); (G.O.A.M.); (A.S.R.); (T.S.S.); (V.M.A.); (A.B.L.)
| | - Fabiane N. Riello
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.H.F.); (V.C.T.); (C.S.A.L.); (J.G.S.B.); (F.N.R.); (K.N.); (C.P.C.C.); (G.O.A.M.); (A.S.R.); (T.S.S.); (V.M.A.); (A.B.L.)
| | - Kamila Nogueira
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.H.F.); (V.C.T.); (C.S.A.L.); (J.G.S.B.); (F.N.R.); (K.N.); (C.P.C.C.); (G.O.A.M.); (A.S.R.); (T.S.S.); (V.M.A.); (A.B.L.)
| | - Cassia P. C. Cruz
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.H.F.); (V.C.T.); (C.S.A.L.); (J.G.S.B.); (F.N.R.); (K.N.); (C.P.C.C.); (G.O.A.M.); (A.S.R.); (T.S.S.); (V.M.A.); (A.B.L.)
| | - Giovanna O. A. Mendes
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.H.F.); (V.C.T.); (C.S.A.L.); (J.G.S.B.); (F.N.R.); (K.N.); (C.P.C.C.); (G.O.A.M.); (A.S.R.); (T.S.S.); (V.M.A.); (A.B.L.)
| | - Adriana S. Rodrigues
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.H.F.); (V.C.T.); (C.S.A.L.); (J.G.S.B.); (F.N.R.); (K.N.); (C.P.C.C.); (G.O.A.M.); (A.S.R.); (T.S.S.); (V.M.A.); (A.B.L.)
| | - Thayna S. Sousa
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.H.F.); (V.C.T.); (C.S.A.L.); (J.G.S.B.); (F.N.R.); (K.N.); (C.P.C.C.); (G.O.A.M.); (A.S.R.); (T.S.S.); (V.M.A.); (A.B.L.)
| | - Victoria M. Alves
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.H.F.); (V.C.T.); (C.S.A.L.); (J.G.S.B.); (F.N.R.); (K.N.); (C.P.C.C.); (G.O.A.M.); (A.S.R.); (T.S.S.); (V.M.A.); (A.B.L.)
| | - Ademar B. Lugão
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.H.F.); (V.C.T.); (C.S.A.L.); (J.G.S.B.); (F.N.R.); (K.N.); (C.P.C.C.); (G.O.A.M.); (A.S.R.); (T.S.S.); (V.M.A.); (A.B.L.)
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94
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Lin BB, Lei HQ, Xiong HY, Fu X, Shi F, Yang XW, Yang YF, Liao GL, Feng YP, Jiang DG, Pang J. MicroRNA-regulated transcriptome analysis identifies four major subtypes with prognostic and therapeutic implications in prostate cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:4941-4953. [PMID: 34527198 PMCID: PMC8433071 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) deregulation plays a critical role in the heterogeneous development of prostate cancer (PCa) by tuning mRNA levels. Herein, we aimed to characterize the molecular features of PCa by clustering the miRNA-regulated transcriptome with non-negative matrix factorization. Using 478 PCa samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas, four molecular subtypes (S-I, S-II, S-III, and S-IV) were identified and validated in two merged microarray and RNAseq datasets with 656 and 252 samples, respectively. Interestingly, the four subtypes showed distinct clinical and biological features after comprehensive analyses of clinical features, multiomic profiles, immune infiltration, and drug sensitivity. S-I is basal/stem/mesenchymal-like and immune-excluded with marked transforming growth factor β, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and hypoxia signals, increased sensitivity to olaparib, and intermediate prognosis. S-II is luminal/metabolism-active and responsive to androgen deprivation therapy with frequent TMPRSS2-ERG fusion and a good prognosis. S-III is characterized by moderate proliferative and metabolic activity, sensitivity to taxane-based chemotherapy, and intermediate prognosis. S-IV is highly proliferative with moderate EMT and stemness, frequent deletions of TP53, PTEN and RB, and the poorest prognosis; it is also immune-inflamed and sensitive to anti-PD-L1 therapy. Overall, based on miRNA-regulated gene profiles, this study identified four distinct PCa subtypes that could improve risk stratification at diagnosis and provide therapeutic guidance.
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Key Words
- ADT, androgen deprivation therapy
- AR, androgen receptor
- AUC, Area under the dose-response curve
- BCR, biochemical recurrence
- CAFs, cancer-associated fibroblasts
- CCLs, cancer cell lines
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein-4
- DEmiRs, differentially expressed miRNAs
- DFS, disease-free survival
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GEO, Gene Expression Omnibus
- GEP, gene expression profile
- GO, Gene Ontology
- GSEA, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis
- Heterogeneity
- ICB, immune checkpoint blockade
- IFN, interferon
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- MDSCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- MIRcor, miRNA-correlated
- Molecular subtypes
- NEPC, neuroendocrine prostate cancer
- NMF, non-negative matrix factorization
- NTP, Nearest template prediction
- OS, overall survival
- PCa, prostate cancer
- PD-1, programmed cell death protein-1
- PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1
- Prostate cancer
- SCNAs, somatic copy number alterations
- SubMap, Subclass mapping
- TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor β
- TMB, tumor mutation burden
- TNAs, tumor neoantigens
- Tregs, regulatory T cells
- k-NN, K-nearest neighbor
- mCRPC, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
- miRNAs
- miRNAs, microRNAs
- ssGSEA, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Biao Lin
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Han-Qi Lei
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Hai-Yun Xiong
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Xing Fu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Fu Shi
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Xiang-Wei Yang
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Ya-Fei Yang
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Guo-Long Liao
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Yu-Peng Feng
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Dong-Gen Jiang
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Jun Pang
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
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95
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Ge S, Hua X, Chen J, Xiao H, Zhang L, Zhou J, Liang C, Tai S. Identification of a Costimulatory Molecule-Related Signature for Predicting Prognostic Risk in Prostate Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:666300. [PMID: 34484286 PMCID: PMC8415313 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.666300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Costimulatory molecules have been proven to enhance antitumor immune responses, but their roles in prostate cancer (PCa) remain unexplored. In this study, we aimed to explore the gene expression profiles of costimulatory molecule genes in PCa and construct a prognostic signature to improve treatment decision making and clinical outcomes. Five prognosis-related costimulatory molecule genes (RELT, TNFRSF25, EDA2R, TNFSF18, and TNFSF10) were identified, and a prognostic signature was constructed based on these five genes. This signature was an independent prognostic factor according to multivariate Cox regression analysis; it could stratify PCa patients into two subgroups with different prognoses and was highly associated with clinical features. The prognostic significance of the signature was well validated in four different independent external datasets. Moreover, patients identified as high risk based on our prognostic signature exhibited a high mutation frequency, a high level of immune cell infiltration and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Therefore, our signature could provide clinicians with prognosis predictions and help guide treatment for PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengdong Ge
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoliang Hua
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Juan Chen
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haibing Xiao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Sheng Tai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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96
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Melo CM, Vidotto T, Chaves LP, Lautert-Dutra W, dos Reis RB, Squire JA. The Role of Somatic Mutations on the Immune Response of the Tumor Microenvironment in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9550. [PMID: 34502458 PMCID: PMC8431051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has improved patient survival in many types of cancer, but for prostate cancer, initial results with immunotherapy have been disappointing. Prostate cancer is considered an immunologically excluded or cold tumor, unable to generate an effective T-cell response against cancer cells. However, a small but significant percentage of patients do respond to immunotherapy, suggesting that some specific molecular subtypes of this tumor may have a better response to checkpoint inhibitors. Recent findings suggest that, in addition to their function as cancer genes, somatic mutations of PTEN, TP53, RB1, CDK12, and DNA repair, or specific activation of regulatory pathways, such as ETS or MYC, may also facilitate immune evasion of the host response against cancer. This review presents an update of recent discoveries about the role that the common somatic mutations can play in changing the tumor microenvironment and immune response against prostate cancer. We describe how detailed molecular genetic analyses of the tumor microenvironment of prostate cancer using mouse models and human tumors are providing new insights into the cell types and pathways mediating immune responses. These analyses are helping researchers to design drug combinations that are more likely to target the molecular and immunological pathways that underlie treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Morais Melo
- Department of Genetics, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14048-900, SP, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (T.V.); (L.P.C.); (W.L.-D.)
| | - Thiago Vidotto
- Department of Genetics, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14048-900, SP, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (T.V.); (L.P.C.); (W.L.-D.)
| | - Luiz Paulo Chaves
- Department of Genetics, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14048-900, SP, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (T.V.); (L.P.C.); (W.L.-D.)
| | - William Lautert-Dutra
- Department of Genetics, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14048-900, SP, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (T.V.); (L.P.C.); (W.L.-D.)
| | - Rodolfo Borges dos Reis
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14048-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Jeremy Andrew Squire
- Department of Genetics, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14048-900, SP, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (T.V.); (L.P.C.); (W.L.-D.)
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L3N6, Canada
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97
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Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy involves the genetic modification of the patient's own T cells so that they specifically recognize and destroy tumour cells. Considerable clinical success has been achieved using this technique in patients with lymphoid malignancies, but clinical studies that investigated treating solid tumours using this emerging technology have been disappointing. A number of developments might be able to increase the efficacy of CAR T cell therapy for treatment of prostate cancer, including improved trafficking to the tumour, techniques to overcome the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment, as well as methods to enhance CAR T cell persistence, specificity and safety. Furthermore, CAR T cell therapy has the potential to be combined with other treatment modalities, such as androgen deprivation therapy, radiotherapy or chemotherapy, and could be applied as focal CAR T cell therapy for prostate cancer.
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98
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Gao G, Fang M, Xu P, Chen B. Identification of three immune molecular subtypes associated with immune profiles, immune checkpoints, and clinical outcome in multiple myeloma. Cancer Med 2021; 10:7395-7403. [PMID: 34418312 PMCID: PMC8525096 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To identify the immune molecular subtype for MM to help achieve individualized and precise targeted therapy. Methods The GDC API was used to download the TCGA‐MM profile dataset, which contains 859 samples in total, all of which were anterior to the standard treatment after diagnosis. Moreover, 282, 298, and 258 samples were stage I, stage II, and stage III separately. We used the immune gene expression profile for consistent clustering; and used the R software package ConsensusClusterPlus to sort the immune molecular subtypes. Correlation between subtypes and clinical features, immunity, and prognosis was then analyzed. Results A total of 859 tumor samples were separated into these three subtypes, which were not meaningfully related to age or sex but showed a remarkable association with stage. The results suggested that obvious differences in immune metagene expression and expression of 10 immune checkpoint genes appeared among the three subtypes. Conclusion The three subtypes are distinctly different in terms of immune metagenes, immune checkpoint molecules, and clinical prognosis. The discovery of the immune microenvironment of MM could further reveal the strategy for immunotherapy in MM and provide a promising candidate prognostic tool for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtao Gao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengkun Fang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peipei Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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99
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Li C, Zhang Y, Yan S, Zhang G, Wei W, Qi Z, Li B. Alternol triggers immunogenic cell death via reactive oxygen species generation. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1952539. [PMID: 34350063 PMCID: PMC8296969 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1952539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternol is a naturally occurring compound that exerts antitumor activity in several cancers. However, whether Alternol induces antitumor immune response remains unknown. In this study, we investigated whether Alternol induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) in prostate cancer cells. Alternol triggered ICD in prostate cancer cells, as evidenced by the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) (i.e., calreticulin, CALR; high mobility group protein B1, HMGB1; and adenosine triphosphate, ATP) and pro-inflammatory cytokine (i.e., interleukin [IL]-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) expression. Alternol facilitated tumor-associated antigen uptake and cross-presentation, CD8 + T-cell priming, and T-cell infiltration in tumor-draining lymph nodes (LNs) and tumors. The presence of Alternol fostered antitumor immune response in vivo, resulting in delayed tumor growth and prolonged survival. Moreover, inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation blocked Alternol-induced upregulation of pre-inflammation cytokines, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and consequent antitumor immune response. Overall, our data indicate that Alternol triggers ICD in prostate cancer cells, which is mediated by ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Li
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining China.,Department of Urology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining China
| | - Siyuan Yan
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining China
| | - Guoan Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Pathology Research, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Center for Experimental Medicine, School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zhi Qi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Benyi Li
- Department of Urology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS USA
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100
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Maiorano BA, Schinzari G, Ciardiello D, Rodriquenz MG, Cisternino A, Tortora G, Maiello E. Cancer Vaccines for Genitourinary Tumors: Recent Progresses and Future Possibilities. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:623. [PMID: 34207536 PMCID: PMC8228524 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last years, many new treatment options have widened the therapeutic scenario of genitourinary malignancies. Immunotherapy has shown efficacy, especially in the urothelial and renal cell carcinomas, with no particular relevance in prostate cancer. However, despite the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, there is still high morbidity and mortality among these neoplasms. Cancer vaccines represent another way to activate the immune system. We sought to summarize the most recent advances in vaccine therapy for genitourinary malignancies with this review. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Database for clinical trials conducted in the last ten years, focusing on cancer vaccines in the prostate, urothelial and renal cancer. RESULTS Various therapeutic vaccines, including DNA-based, RNA-based, peptide-based, dendritic cells, viral vectors and modified tumor cells, have been demonstrated to induce specific immune responses in a variable percentage of patients. However, these responses rarely corresponded to significant survival improvements. CONCLUSIONS Further preclinical and clinical studies will improve the knowledge about cancer vaccines in genitourinary malignancies to optimize dosage, select targets with a driver role for tumor development and growth, and finally overcome resistance mechanisms. Combination strategies represent possibly more effective and long-lasting treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigida Anna Maiorano
- Oncology Unit, Foundation Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza IRCCS, 73013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (D.C.); (M.G.R.); (E.M.)
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Giovanni Schinzari
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.S.); (G.T.)
- Medical Oncology Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Foundation A. Gemelli Policlinic IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Ciardiello
- Oncology Unit, Foundation Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza IRCCS, 73013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (D.C.); (M.G.R.); (E.M.)
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Rodriquenz
- Oncology Unit, Foundation Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza IRCCS, 73013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (D.C.); (M.G.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Antonio Cisternino
- Urology Unit, Foundation Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza IRCCS, 73013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.S.); (G.T.)
- Medical Oncology Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Foundation A. Gemelli Policlinic IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Evaristo Maiello
- Oncology Unit, Foundation Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza IRCCS, 73013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (D.C.); (M.G.R.); (E.M.)
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