51
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Schmieder RE, Wagner F, Mayr M, Delles C, Ott C, Keicher C, Hrabak-Paar M, Heye T, Aichner S, Khder Y, Yates D, Albrecht D, Langenickel T, Freyhardt P, Janka R, Bremerich J. The effect of sacubitril/valsartan compared to olmesartan on cardiovascular remodelling in subjects with essential hypertension: the results of a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled study. Eur Heart J 2017; 38:3308-3317. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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52
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Jalouli M, Mokas S, Turgeon CA, Lamalice L, Richard DE. Selective HIF-1 Regulation under Nonhypoxic Conditions by the p42/p44 MAP Kinase Inhibitor PD184161. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 92:510-518. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.108654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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53
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Jiang D, Zhuang J, Peng W, Lu Y, Liu H, Zhao Q, Chi C, Li X, Zhu G, Xu X, Yan C, Xu Y, Ge J, Pang J. Phospholipase Cγ1 Mediates Intima Formation Through Akt-Notch1 Signaling Independent of the Phospholipase Activity. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.005537. [PMID: 28698260 PMCID: PMC5586285 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.005537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, and dedifferentiation are critical for vascular diseases. Recently, it was demonstrated that Notch receptors have opposing effects on intima formation after vessel injury. Therefore, it is important to investigate the specific regulatory pathways that activate the different Notch receptors. Methods and Results There was a time‐ and dose‐dependent activation of Notch1 by angiotensin II and platelet‐derived growth factor in vascular smooth muscle cells. When phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1) expression was reduced by small interfering RNA, Notch1 activation and Hey2 expression (Notch target gene) induced by angiotensin II or platelet‐derived growth factor were remarkably inhibited, while Notch2 degradation was not affected. Mechanistically, we observed an association of PLCγ1 and Akt, which increased after angiotensin II or platelet‐derived growth factor stimulation. PLCγ1 knockdown significantly inhibited Akt activation. Importantly, PLCγ1 phospholipase site mutation (no phospholipase activity) did not affect Akt activation. Furthermore, PLCγ1 depletion inhibited platelet‐derived growth factor–induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, and dedifferentiation, while it increased apoptosis. In vivo, PLCγ1 and control small interfering RNA were delivered periadventitially in pluronic gel and complete carotid artery ligation was performed. Morphometric analysis 21 days after ligation demonstrated that PLCγ1 small interfering RNA robustly attenuated intima area and intima/media ratio compared with the control group. Conclusions PLCγ1‐Akt–mediated Notch1 signaling is crucial for intima formation. This effect is attributable to PLCγ1‐Akt interaction but not PLCγ1 phospholipase activity. Specific inhibition of the PLCγ1 and Akt interaction will be a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhui Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Chi
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiankai Li
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guofu Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangbin Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjiang Pang
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China .,Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
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54
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Siracusa R, Impellizzeri D, Cordaro M, Crupi R, Esposito E, Petrosino S, Cuzzocrea S. Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects of Co-UltraPEALut in a Mouse Model of Vascular Dementia. Front Neurol 2017. [PMID: 28634464 PMCID: PMC5460147 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD), the second most common cause of cognitive impairment in the population, is a disease that results from reduction in regional cerebral blood flow and involves oxidative stress and inflammation. Co-ultramicronized PEALut (co-ultra PEALut) is a new compound with beneficial effects, which include anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Recently, co-ultraPEALut has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective effects in models of Parkinson’s disease, cerebral ischemia and Alzheimer’s disease. However, its effects on VaD remain unknown. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to highlight the potential neuroprotective actions of co-ultraPEALut containing N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) and the antioxidant flavonoid luteolin (Lut) (10:1 by mass) in a mouse model of VaD induced by bilateral carotid arteries occlusion. At 24 h after VaD induction, mice were orally treated with 1 mg/kg co-ultraPEALut daily for 15 days. On the 15th day, brain tissues were processed for histological, immunohistochemical, Western blot, and immunofluorescent analysis. Our results clearly demonstrate that co-ultraPEALut improved learning, memory ability, locomotor activity, and the reciprocal social interaction. In addition, the mice subjected to VaD and treated with the co-ultraPEALut showed a reorganization of CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus and restored the number of hippocampal neurons as evidenced by NeuN expression, a specific marker of neurons. Furthermore following carotid arteries ligation, mice treated with co-ultraPEALut showed a modification of proinflammatory, proapoptotic proteins and of oxidative stress as evidenced by the expression of IκB-α, NF-κB p65, Bax, Bcl-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2. In order, co-ultraPEALut treatment restored VaD-induced loss of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophins 3 (NT-3) expression in mice. These results confirmed that the neuroprotective effects of co-ultraPEALut were associated with its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Stefania Petrosino
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Epitech Group S.p.A., Saccolongo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, CA, United States
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55
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Siracusa R, Paterniti I, Cordaro M, Crupi R, Bruschetta G, Campolo M, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E. Neuroprotective Effects of Temsirolimus in Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:2403-2419. [PMID: 28357809 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0496-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a disorder caused by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. At the moment, there is no cure. Recent studies have shown that autophagy may have a protective function against the advance of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Temsirolimus is an analogue of rapamycin that induces autophagy by inhibiting mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. For this purpose, in the present study we investigated the neuroprotective effects of temsirolimus (5 mg/kg intraperitoneal) on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced (MPTP) neurotoxicity in in vivo model of PD. At the end of the experiment, brain tissues were processed for histological, immunohistochemical, Western blot, and immunofluorescent analysis. Treatment with temsirolimus significantly ameliorated behavioral deficits, increased the expression of specific markers of PD such as tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine transporter, as well as decreased the upregulation of α-synuclein in the substantia nigra after MPTP induction. Furthermore, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis showed that temsirolimus administration significantly increased autophagy process. In fact, treatment with temsirolimus maintained high Beclin-1, p62, and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 expression and inhibited the p70S6K expression. In addition, we showed that temsirolimus has also anti-inflammatory properties as assessed by the significant inhibition of the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases such as p-JNK, p-p38, and p-ERK, and the restored levels of neurotrophic factor expression such as BDNF and NT-3. On the basis of this evidence, we clearly demonstrate that temsirolimus is able to modulate both the autophagic process and the neuroinflammatory pathway involved in PD, actions which may underlie its neuroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres n, 31 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres n, 31 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres n, 31 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres n, 31 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bruschetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres n, 31 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Michela Campolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres n, 31 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres n, 31 98166, Messina, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres n, 31 98166, Messina, Italy.
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56
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Klint H, Lejonklou MH, Karimullina E, Rönn M, Lind L, Lind PM, Brittebo E. Low-dose exposure to bisphenol A in combination with fructose increases expression of genes regulating angiogenesis and vascular tone in juvenile Fischer 344 rat cardiac tissue. Ups J Med Sci 2017; 122:20-27. [PMID: 27622962 PMCID: PMC5361428 DOI: 10.1080/03009734.2016.1225870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Epidemiological studies report associations between exposure to the high-volume chemical and endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) and cardiovascular disorders, but there is a lack of experimental studies addressing the mechanisms of action of BPA on the cardiovascular system. In the present study, effects on markers for cardiovascular function of exposure to BPA and fructose in vivo in rat cardiac tissues, and of BPA exposure in human cardiomyocytes in vitro, were investigated. MATERIALS Juvenile female Fischer 344 rats were exposed to 5, 50, and 500 μg BPA/kg bodyweight/day in their drinking water from 5 to 15 weeks of age, in combination with 5% fructose. Further, cultured human cardiomyocytes were exposed to 10 nM BPA to 1 × 104 nM BPA for six hours. Expression of markers for cardiovascular function and BPA target receptors was investigated using qRT-PCR. RESULTS Exposure to 5 μg BPA/kg bodyweight/day plus fructose increased mRNA expression of Vegf, Vegfr2, eNos, and Ace1 in rat heart. Exposure of human cardiomyocytes to 1 × 104 nM BPA increased mRNA expression of eNOS and ACE1, as well as IL-8 and NFκβ known to regulate inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS . Low-dose exposure of juvenile rats to BPA and fructose induced up-regulation of expression of genes controlling angiogenesis and vascular tone in cardiac tissues. The observed effects of BPA in rat heart were in line with our present and previous studies of BPA in human endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes. These findings may aid in understanding the mechanisms of the association between BPA exposure and cardiovascular disorders reported in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helén Klint
- Uppsala University, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Elina Karimullina
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Monika Rönn
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P. Monica Lind
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Brittebo
- Uppsala University, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
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57
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Mancini M, Scavone A, Sartorio CL, Baccaro R, Kleinert C, Pernazza A, Buia V, Leopizzi M, d'Amati G, Camici PG. Effect of different drug classes on reverse remodeling of intramural coronary arterioles in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Microcirculation 2017; 24. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Scavone
- Vita Salute University and Scientific Institute San Raffaele; Milan Italy
| | | | - Rocco Baccaro
- Vita Salute University and Scientific Institute San Raffaele; Milan Italy
| | - Christina Kleinert
- Vita Salute University and Scientific Institute San Raffaele; Milan Italy
| | - Angelina Pernazza
- Department of Radiology; Oncology and Pathology; “Sapienza” University; Rome Italy
| | - Veronica Buia
- Vita Salute University and Scientific Institute San Raffaele; Milan Italy
| | - Martina Leopizzi
- Department of Radiology; Oncology and Pathology; “Sapienza” University; Rome Italy
| | - Giulia d'Amati
- Department of Radiology; Oncology and Pathology; “Sapienza” University; Rome Italy
| | - Paolo G. Camici
- Vita Salute University and Scientific Institute San Raffaele; Milan Italy
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58
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Preventive effect of Eucommia leaf extract on aortic media hypertrophy in Wistar-Kyoto rats fed a high-fat diet. Hypertens Res 2017; 40:546-551. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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59
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Jekell A, Kalani M, Kahan T. The effects of alpha 1-adrenoceptor blockade and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on central and brachial blood pressure and vascular reactivity: the doxazosin-ramipril study. Heart Vessels 2016; 32:674-684. [PMID: 27885499 PMCID: PMC5446849 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-016-0924-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to study whether inhibition of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system has effects on vascular structure and function beyond the effects on blood pressure reduction alone. Patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension (n = 61, age 54 ± 12 years, 34% women) received the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril 10 mg or the alpha 1-adrenoceptor blocker doxazosin 8 mg double-blind for 12 weeks. Aortic blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, and augmentation index were assessed by applanation tonometry. Endothelial function was studied by forearm post-ischemic flow mediated vasodilatation and by pulse wave analysis with beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist stimulation. Skin microvascular reactivity was assessed by laser Doppler fluxmetry and iontophoresis. Treatment with doxazosin or ramipril reduced aortic and brachial blood pressures (all P < 0.001), with greater reductions in aortic than brachial systolic blood pressures (P = 0.021) and aortic/brachial pulse pressure ratio (P = 0.005). Compared to doxazosin, ramipril reduced carotid-femoral and carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (both P < 0.05). Forearm endothelial dependent and independent vasodilatation, assessed by post-ischemic flow mediated vasodilatation and glyceryl trinitrate, and by pulse wave analysis remained unchanged by both doxazosin and ramipril. In addition, skin microvascular endothelial dependent (acetylcholine) and independent vasodilatation (sodium nitroprusside) remained unchanged. In conclusion, ramipril reduced indices of aortic stiffness, suggesting that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor therapy may have effects beyond blood pressure reduction. However, treatment did not appear to influence endothelial function. Evidence of endothelial dysfunction and its possible improvement by antihypertensive treatment might require more advanced hypertension. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02901977) and at EudraCT (# 2007-000631-25).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Jekell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Danderyd University Hospital Corp, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Majid Kalani
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Kahan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Cardiology, Danderyd University Hospital Corp, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Zhang Y, Huang H, Ma Y, Sun Y, Wang G, Tang L. Association of the KLK1 rs5516 G allele and the ACE D allele with aortic aneurysm and atherosclerotic stenosis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5120. [PMID: 27858843 PMCID: PMC5591091 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atherosclerosis underlies aortic aneurysm (AA) and atherosclerotic stenosis (AS). Kallikrein-1 (KLK1) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) are 2 key molecules in kallikrein-kinin systems and renin-angiotensin systems, respectively, which are responsible for maintaining vascular balance and stability, playing important roles in atherosclerosis. We aimed to assess the involvement of single nucleotide polymorphism rs5516 in KLK1 as well as the insertion/deletion rs4646994 polymorphism in ACE in the development of AA and AS. METHODS We enrolled Chinese Han patients with AA (N = 408) and AS (N = 432), as well as healthy controls (N = 408). Clinical and demographic characteristics were assessed. Genotypes were analyzed with recessive and dominant models. RESULTS The rs5516 G allele of KLK1 was significantly associated with AA (P < 0.001), and the D allele of ACE was significantly associated with both AA (P < 0.001) and AS (P < 0.001). The GG and DD genotypes were significantly associated with both AA (P = 0.013) and AS (P < 0.001) in a recessive model, and were synergistic with hypertension in AA patients, but not in AS. Patients with CC/DD, CG/ID, or GG/II genotypes, which were synergistic with hypertension, had a greater risk of developing AA, while CC/DD, CG/DD, GG/ID, or GG/DD genotypes, which were not synergistic with hypertension, contributed to the development of AS. CONCLUSION The KLK1 rs5516 G allele is closely associated with AA, and the ACE D allele is closely related to AA and AS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Liming Tang
- Department of Vascular and Hernia Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
- Correspondence: Liming Tang, Department of Vascular and Hernia Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, No. 568 Zhongxing Road, Shaoxing 312000, China (e-mail: )
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61
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Garg S, Lule VK, Malik RK, Tomar SK. Soy Bioactive Components in Functional Perspective: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2015.1136936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheenam Garg
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Vaibhao Kisanrao Lule
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar Malik
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Tomar
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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62
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Bądzyńska B, Lipkowski AW, Olszyński KH, Sadowski J. Different blood pressure responses to opioids in 3 rat hypertension models: role of the baseline status of sympathetic and renin-angiotensin systems. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:1159-1169. [PMID: 27494747 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Opioids interact with sympathetic and renin-angiotensin systems in control of mean arterial pressure (MAP). Our earlier finding that biphalin, a synthetic enkephalin analogue, decreased MAP in anaesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) prompted us to further explore this action, to get new insights into pathogenesis of various forms of hypertension. Biphalin effects were studied in SHR, uninephrectomized rats on a high-salt diet (HS/UNX), and rats with angiotensin-induced hypertension (Ang-iH). Besides MAP, renal and iliac blood flows (RBF, IBF) and vascular resistances were measured. In anaesthetized and conscious SHR, biphalin (300 μg·h-1·kg-1 i.v.) decreased MAP by ∼10 and ∼20 mm Hg, respectively (P < 0.001). In anaesthetized HS/UNX and normotensive rats, MAP increased by ∼6-7 mm Hg (P < 0.02); without anaesthesia, only transient decreases occurred. MAP never changed in Ang-iH rats. Morphine (1.5 mg·h-1·kg-1 i.v.) decreased MAP in HS/UNX but only transiently so without anaesthesia; such anaesthesia dependence of response was also seen in normotensive rats. Ang-iH rats never responded to morphine. Hypotensive effect in SHR only depends primarily on the reduction by biphalin of vascular responsiveness to increased sympathetic stimulation; such increase is well documented for SHR. No MAP response to biphalin or morphine in Ang-iH could depend on angiotensin-induced alterations of the vascular wall morphology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Bądzyńska
- a Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej W Lipkowski
- b Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof H Olszyński
- a Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.,c Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, First Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 1b Banacha St., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Sadowski
- a Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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63
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Yang J, Xiang F, Cai PC, Lu YZ, Xu XX, Yu F, Li FZ, Greer PA, Shi HZ, Zhou Q, Xin JB, Ye H, Su Y, Ma WL. Activation of calpain by renin-angiotensin system in pleural mesothelial cells mediates tuberculous pleural fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L145-53. [PMID: 27261452 PMCID: PMC4967195 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00348.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleural fibrosis is defined as an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components that results in destruction of the normal pleural tissue architecture. It can result from diverse inflammatory conditions, especially tuberculous pleurisy. Pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs) play a pivotal role in pleural fibrosis. Calpain is a family of calcium-dependent endopeptidases, which plays an important role in ECM remodeling. However, the role of calpain in pleural fibrosis remains unknown. In the present study, we found that tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) induced calpain activation in PMCs and that inhibition of calpain prevented TPE-induced collagen-I synthesis and cell proliferation of PMCs. Moreover, our data revealed that the levels of angiotensin (ANG)-converting enzyme (ACE) were significantly higher in pleural fluid of patients with TPE than those with malignant pleural effusion, and ACE-ANG II in TPE resulted in activation of calpain and subsequent triggering of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway in PMCs. Finally, calpain activation in PMCs and collagen depositions were confirmed in pleural biopsy specimens from patients with tuberculous pleurisy. Together, these studies demonstrated that calpain is activated by renin-angiotensin system in pleural fibrosis and mediates TPE-induced collagen-I synthesis and proliferation of PMCs via the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. Calpain in PMCs might be a novel target for intervention in tuberculous pleural fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Xiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Zhi Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng-Zhi Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peter A Greer
- Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Huan-Zhong Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jian-Bao Xin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Ye
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Wan-Li Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China;
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Silva JD, Costa M, Gersh BJ, Gonçalves L. Renal denervation in the era of HTN-3. Comprehensive review and glimpse into the future. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 10:656-70. [PMID: 27319336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiological role of sympathetic overactivity in conditions such as hypertension has been well documented. Catheter-based renal denervation (RDN) is a minimally invasive percutaneous procedure which aims to disrupt sympathetic nerve afferent and efferent activity through the application of radiofrequency energy directly within the renal artery wall. This technique has emerged as a very promising treatment with dramatic effects on refractory hypertension but also in other conditions in which a sympathetic influence is present. Several studies have evaluated the safety and efficacy of this procedure, presently surrounded by controversy since the recent outcome of Symplicity HTN-3, the first randomized, sham-control trial, which failed to confirm RDN previous reported benefits on BP and cardiovascular risk lowering. Consequently, although some centers halted their RDN programs, research continues and both the concept of denervation and treatment strategies are being redefined to identify patients who can drive the most benefit from this technology. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has appropriately mandated that RDN remains an investigative procedure and a new generation of sham-controlled trials are ongoing and aimed to assess not only its efficacy against pharmacotherapy but also trials in drug free patients with the objective of demonstrating once and for all whether the procedure actually does lower BP in comparison to a placebo arm. In this article, we present an overview of the sympathetic nervous system and its role in hypertension, examine the current data on RDN, and share some insights and future expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Delgado Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Cardiology, Coimbra's Hospital and University Centre, General Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Marco Costa
- Department of Cardiology, Coimbra's Hospital and University Centre, General Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bernard J Gersh
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lino Gonçalves
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Cardiology, Coimbra's Hospital and University Centre, General Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
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Gallardo-Ortíz IA, Rodríguez-Hernández SN, López-Guerrero JJ, Del Valle-Mondragón L, López-Sánchez P, Touyz RM, Villalobos-Molina R. Role of α1D-adrenoceptors in vascular wall hypertrophy during angiotensin II-induced hypertension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 35:17-31. [DOI: 10.1111/aap.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I. A. Gallardo-Ortíz
- Unidad de Biomedicina; Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Tlalnepantla Mexico
| | - S. N. Rodríguez-Hernández
- Unidad de Biomedicina; Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Tlalnepantla Mexico
| | - J. J. López-Guerrero
- Unidad de Biomedicina; Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Tlalnepantla Mexico
| | - L. Del Valle-Mondragón
- Departamento de Farmacología; Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”; Mexico City Mexico
| | - P. López-Sánchez
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion; Escuela Superior de Medicina IPN; Mexico City Mexico
| | - R. M. Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - R. Villalobos-Molina
- Unidad de Biomedicina; Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Tlalnepantla Mexico
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Nour-Eldine W, Ghantous CM, Zibara K, Dib L, Issaa H, Itani HA, El-Zein N, Zeidan A. Adiponectin Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Remodeling through Nitric Oxide and the RhoA/ROCK Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:86. [PMID: 27092079 PMCID: PMC4823273 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adiponectin (APN), an adipocytokine, exerts protective effects on cardiac remodeling, while angiotensin II (Ang II) induces hypertension and vascular remodeling. The potential protective role of APN on the vasculature during hypertension has not been fully elucidated yet. Here, we evaluate the molecular mechanisms of the protective role of APN in the physiological response of the vascular wall to Ang II. METHODS AND RESULTS Rat aortic tissues were used to investigate the effect of APN on Ang II-induced vascular remodeling and hypertrophy. We investigated whether nitric oxide (NO), the RhoA/ROCK pathway, actin cytoskeleton remodeling, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate the anti-hypertrophic effect of APN. Ang II-induced protein synthesis was attenuated by pre-treatment with APN, NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), or cGMP. The hypertrophic response to Ang II was associated with a significant increase in RhoA activation and vascular force production, which were prevented by APN and SNAP. NO was also associated with inhibition of Ang II-induced phosphorylation of cofilin. In addition, immunohistochemistry revealed that 24 h Ang II treatment increased the F- to G-actin ratio, an effect that was inhibited by SNAP. Ang II-induced ROS formation and upregulation of p22(phox) mRNA expression were inhibited by APN and NO. Both compounds failed to inhibit Nox1 and p47(phox) expression. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the anti-hypertrophic effects of APN are due, in part, to NO-dependent inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK pathway and ROS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wared Nour-Eldine
- Cardiovascular Physiology Lab, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of BeirutBeirut, Lebanon; ER045, Laboratory of Stem Cells, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, The Lebanese UniversityBeirut, Lebanon
| | - Crystal M Ghantous
- Cardiovascular Physiology Lab, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kazem Zibara
- ER045, Laboratory of Stem Cells, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, The Lebanese University Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Leila Dib
- Cardiovascular Physiology Lab, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hawraa Issaa
- Cardiovascular Physiology Lab, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of BeirutBeirut, Lebanon; ER045, Laboratory of Stem Cells, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, The Lebanese UniversityBeirut, Lebanon
| | - Hana A Itani
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, USA
| | - Nabil El-Zein
- ER045, Laboratory of Stem Cells, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, The Lebanese University Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Cardiovascular Physiology Lab, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Beirut, Lebanon
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Affiliation(s)
- Eberhard Schulz
- From the University Medical Center Mainz, Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- From the University Medical Center Mainz, Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Mainz, Germany
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García-Marqués F, Trevisan-Herraz M, Martínez-Martínez S, Camafeita E, Jorge I, Lopez JA, Méndez-Barbero N, Méndez-Ferrer S, Del Pozo MA, Ibáñez B, Andrés V, Sánchez-Madrid F, Redondo JM, Bonzon-Kulichenko E, Vázquez J. A Novel Systems-Biology Algorithm for the Analysis of Coordinated Protein Responses Using Quantitative Proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:1740-60. [PMID: 26893027 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.055905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordinated behavior of proteins is central to systems biology. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly known and methods to analyze coordination by conventional quantitative proteomics are still lacking. We present the Systems Biology Triangle (SBT), a new algorithm that allows the study of protein coordination by pairwise quantitative proteomics. The Systems Biology Triangle detected statistically significant coordination in diverse biological models of very different nature and subjected to different kinds of perturbations. The Systems Biology Triangle also revealed with unprecedented molecular detail an array of coordinated, early protein responses in vascular smooth muscle cells treated at different times with angiotensin-II. These responses included activation of protein synthesis, folding, turnover, and muscle contraction - consistent with a differentiated phenotype-as well as the induction of migration and the repression of cell proliferation and secretion. Remarkably, the majority of the altered functional categories were protein complexes, interaction networks, or metabolic pathways. These changes could not be detected by other algorithms widely used by the proteomics community, and the vast majority of proteins involved have not been described before to be regulated by AngII. The unique capabilities of The Systems Biology Triangle to detect functional protein alterations produced by the coordinated action of proteins in pairwise quantitative proteomics experiments make this algorithm an attractive choice for the biological interpretation of results on a routine basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando García-Marqués
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Trevisan-Herraz
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Martínez-Martínez
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Camafeita
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Jorge
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Lopez
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Méndez-Barbero
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Simón Méndez-Ferrer
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Del Pozo
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibáñez
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Andrés
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Miguel Redondo
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Bonzon-Kulichenko
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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Nishimura A, Sunggip C, Tozaki-Saitoh H, Shimauchi T, Numaga-Tomita T, Hirano K, Ide T, Boeynaems JM, Kurose H, Tsuda M, Robaye B, Inoue K, Nishida M. Purinergic P2Y6 receptors heterodimerize with angiotensin AT1 receptors to promote angiotensin II–induced hypertension. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra7. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aac9187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The angiotensin (Ang) type 1 receptor (AT1R) promotes functional and structural integrity of the arterial wall to contribute to vascular homeostasis, but this receptor also promotes hypertension. In our investigation of how Ang II signals are converted by the AT1R from physiological to pathological outputs, we found that the purinergic P2Y6 receptor (P2Y6R), an inflammation-inducible G protein (heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide–binding protein)–coupled receptor (GPCR), promoted Ang II–induced hypertension in mice. In mice, deletion of P2Y6R attenuated Ang II–induced increase in blood pressure, vascular remodeling, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. AT1R and P2Y6R formed stable heterodimers, which enhanced G protein–dependent vascular hypertrophy but reduced β-arrestin–dependent AT1R internalization. Pharmacological disruption of AT1R-P2Y6R heterodimers by the P2Y6R antagonist MRS2578 suppressed Ang II–induced hypertension in mice. Furthermore, P2Y6R abundance increased with age in vascular smooth muscle cells. The increased abundance of P2Y6R converted AT1R-stimulated signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells from β-arrestin–dependent proliferation to G protein–dependent hypertrophy. These results suggest that increased formation of AT1R-P2Y6R heterodimers with age may increase the likelihood of hypertension induced by Ang II.
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Guirguis K. Bicalutamide causes heart failure in an elderly patient with prostate cancer. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2016; 15:297-302. [PMID: 26745594 DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2015.1131819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the molecular mechanisms by which bicalutamide may cause heart failure in an elderly patient. METHODS Retrospective analysis of bicalutamide as a cause of heart failure in Mr FD, an 82 years old with prostate cancer. RESULTS Following months of therapy, Mr FD was diagnosed with heart failure. Bicalutamide has been ceased, but 21 months later, Mr FD was still on heart failure medications, and passed away months later probably due to complications of prostate cancer. The Naranjo ADR probability scale gave this case a score of seven. CONCLUSION The Naranjo scale strongly suggests that bicalutamide was the cause of heart failure. Apoptosis seems to be one of the mechanisms mediating heart failure, with the involvement of many molecular actors, such as ET-1, Bcl-2 and cyclin-A. The author believes this to be the first analysis describing bicalutamide as a probable cause of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyrillos Guirguis
- a HARP Medication Management , St Vincent's Hospital , Fitzroy , Australia
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Cui M, Cai Z, Chu S, Sun Z, Wang X, Hu L, Yi J, Shen L, He B. Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nur77 Inhibits Angiotensin II–Induced Vascular Remodeling via Downregulation of β-Catenin. Hypertension 2016; 67:153-62. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Cui
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital (M.C., Z.C., S.C., Z.S., X.W., L.H., L.S., B.H.) and Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of the Education Ministry for Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis, Institutes of Medical Sciences (J.Y.), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaohua Cai
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital (M.C., Z.C., S.C., Z.S., X.W., L.H., L.S., B.H.) and Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of the Education Ministry for Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis, Institutes of Medical Sciences (J.Y.), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shichun Chu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital (M.C., Z.C., S.C., Z.S., X.W., L.H., L.S., B.H.) and Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of the Education Ministry for Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis, Institutes of Medical Sciences (J.Y.), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital (M.C., Z.C., S.C., Z.S., X.W., L.H., L.S., B.H.) and Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of the Education Ministry for Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis, Institutes of Medical Sciences (J.Y.), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital (M.C., Z.C., S.C., Z.S., X.W., L.H., L.S., B.H.) and Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of the Education Ministry for Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis, Institutes of Medical Sciences (J.Y.), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liuhua Hu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital (M.C., Z.C., S.C., Z.S., X.W., L.H., L.S., B.H.) and Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of the Education Ministry for Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis, Institutes of Medical Sciences (J.Y.), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yi
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital (M.C., Z.C., S.C., Z.S., X.W., L.H., L.S., B.H.) and Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of the Education Ministry for Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis, Institutes of Medical Sciences (J.Y.), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linghong Shen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital (M.C., Z.C., S.C., Z.S., X.W., L.H., L.S., B.H.) and Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of the Education Ministry for Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis, Institutes of Medical Sciences (J.Y.), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ben He
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital (M.C., Z.C., S.C., Z.S., X.W., L.H., L.S., B.H.) and Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of the Education Ministry for Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis, Institutes of Medical Sciences (J.Y.), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Tsujino K, Sheppard D. Critical Appraisal of the Utility and Limitations of Animal Models of Scleroderma. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2015; 18:4. [DOI: 10.1007/s11926-015-0553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Garcia V, Joseph G, Shkolnik B, Ding Y, Zhang FF, Gotlinger K, Falck JR, Dakarapu R, Capdevila JH, Bernstein KE, Schwartzman ML. Angiotensin II receptor blockade or deletion of vascular endothelial ACE does not prevent vascular dysfunction and remodeling in 20-HETE-dependent hypertension. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R71-8. [PMID: 25924878 PMCID: PMC4491537 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00039.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Increased vascular 20-HETE is associated with hypertension and activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) through induction of vascular angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) expression. Cyp4a12tg mice, whose Cyp4a12-20-HETE synthase expression is under the control of a tetracycline (doxycycline, DOX) promoter, were used to assess the contribution of ACE/RAS to microvascular remodeling in 20-HETE-dependent hypertension. Treatment of Cyp4a12tg mice with DOX increased systolic blood pressure (SBP; 136 ± 2 vs. 102 ± 1 mmHg; P < 0.05), and this increase was prevented by administration of 20-HEDGE, lisinopril, or losartan. DOX-induced hypertension was associated with microvascular dysfunction and remodeling of preglomerular microvessels, which was prevented by 20-HEDGE, a 20-HETE antagonist, yet only lessened, but not prevented, by lisinopril or losartan. In ACE 3/3 mice, which lack vascular endothelial ACE, administration of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a known inducer of 20-HETE production, increased SBP; however, the increase was about 50% of that in wild-type (WT) mice (151 ± 1 vs. 126 ± 1 mmHg). Losartan and 20-HEDGE prevented the DHT-induced increase in SBP in WT and ACE 3/3 mice. DHT treatment increased 20-HETE production and microvascular remodeling in WT and ACE 3/3 mice; however, remodeling was attenuated in the ACE 3/3 mice as opposed to WT mice (15.83 ± 1.11 vs. 22.17 ± 0.92 μm; P < 0.05). 20-HEDGE prevented microvascular remodeling in WT and ACE 3/3 mice, while losartan had no effect on microvascular remodeling in ACE 3/3. Taken together, these results suggest that RAS contributes to 20-HETE-mediated microvascular remodeling in hypertension and that 20-HETE-driven microvascular remodeling independent of blood pressure elevation does not fully rely on ACE activity in the vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York;
| | - Gregory Joseph
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Brian Shkolnik
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Frank Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | | | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Rambabu Dakarapu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jorge H Capdevila
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Kenneth E Bernstein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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The Role of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Postangioplasty Restenosis. Am J Ther 2015; 22:e107-14. [PMID: 23782765 DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0b013e3182979b59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Husarek KE, Katz PS, Trask AJ, Galantowicz ML, Cismowski MJ, Lucchesi PA. The angiotensin receptor blocker losartan reduces coronary arteriole remodeling in type 2 diabetic mice. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 76:28-36. [PMID: 26133668 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and are associated with alterations of blood vessel structure and function. Although endothelial dysfunction and aortic stiffness have been documented, little is known about the effects of T2DM on coronary microvascular structural remodeling. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays an important role in large artery stiffness and mesenteric vessel remodeling in hypertension and T2DM. The goal of this study was to determine whether the blockade of AT1R signaling dictates vascular smooth muscle growth that partially underlies coronary arteriole remodeling in T2DM. Control and db/db mice were given AT1R blocker losartan via drinking water for 4 weeks. Using pressure myography, we found that coronary arterioles from 16-week db/db mice undergo inward hypertrophic remodeling due to increased wall thickness and wall-to-lumen ratio with a decreased lumen diameter. This remodeling was accompanied by decreased elastic modulus (decreased stiffness). Losartan treatment decreased wall thickness, wall-to-lumen ratio, and coronary arteriole cell number in db/db mice. Losartan treatment did not affect incremental elastic modulus. However, losartan improved coronary flow reserve. Our data suggest that Ang II-AT1R signaling mediates, at least in part, coronary arteriole inward hypertrophic remodeling in T2DM without affecting vascular mechanics, further suggesting that targeting the coronary microvasculature in T2DM may help reduce cardiac ischemic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Husarek
- Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States; School of Biomedical Science, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Paige S Katz
- Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Aaron J Trask
- Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Maarten L Galantowicz
- Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mary J Cismowski
- Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Pamela A Lucchesi
- Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States.
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Youn SW, Park KK. Small-nucleic-acid-based therapeutic strategy targeting the transcription factors regulating the vascular inflammation, remodeling and fibrosis in atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:11804-33. [PMID: 26006249 PMCID: PMC4463731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160511804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis arises when injury to the arterial wall induces an inflammatory cascade that is sustained by a complex network of cytokines, together with accumulation of lipids and fibrous material. Inflammatory cascades involve leukocyte adherence and chemotaxis, which are coordinated by the local secretion of adhesion molecules, chemotactic factors, and cytokines. Transcription factors are critical to the integration of the various steps of the cascade response to mediators of vascular injury, and are induced in a stimulus-dependent and cell-type-specific manner. Several small-nucleic-acid-based therapeutic strategies have recently been developed to target transcription factors: antisense oligodeoxynucleotides, RNA interference, microRNA, and decoy oligodeoxynucleotides. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of these particular targeted therapeutic strategies, toward regulation of the vascular inflammation, remodeling and fibrosis associated with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Won Youn
- Department of Radiology, Catholic University of Daegu Medical Center, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 705-718, Korea.
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, Catholic University of Daegu Medical Center, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 705-718, Korea.
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Rosiglitzone suppresses angiotensin II-induced production of KLF5 and cell proliferation in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123724. [PMID: 25874449 PMCID: PMC4397085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor (KLF) 5, which initiates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, also participates in Angiotensin (Ang) II-induced vascular remodeling. The protective effect of rosiglitazone on vascular remodeling may be due to their impact on VSMC proliferation. However, the underlying mechanisms involved remain unclear. This study was designed to investigate whether the antiproliferation effects of rosiglitazone are mediated by regulating Ang II/KLF5 response. We found that, in aortas of Ang II-infused rats, vascular remodeling and KLF5 expression were markedly increased, and its target gene cyclin D1 was overexpressed. Co-treatment with rosiglitazone diminished these changes. In growth-arrested VSMCs, PPAR-γ agonists (rosiglitazone and 15d-PGJ2) dose-dependently inhibited Ang II-induced cell proliferation and expression of KLF5 and cyclin D1. Moreover, these effects were attenuated by the PPAR-γ antagonists GW9662, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and PPAR-γ specific siRNA. Furthermore, rosiglitazone inhibited Ang II-induced phosphorylation of protein kinase C (PKC) ζ and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and activation of early growth response protein (Egr). In conclusion, in Ang II-stimulated VSMCs, rosiglitazone might have an antiproliferative effect through mechanisms that include reducing KLF5 expression, and a crosstalk between PPAR-γ and PKCζ/ERK1/2/Egr may be involved in. These findings not only provide a previously unrecognized mechanism by which PPAR-γ agonists inhibit VSMC proliferation, but also document a novel evidence for the beneficial vascular effect of PPAR-γ activation.
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80
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Zhang J, Zhao F, Yu X, Lu X, Zheng G. MicroRNA-155 modulates the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells by targeting endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:1708-14. [PMID: 25872580 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be significantly be involved in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, which is an essential process for the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. The objective of the present study was to explore the role of microRNA-155 (miR-155) in the regulation of VSMC growth and migration. A total of 12 atherosclerotic plaque samples and 9 control samples were collected, and the expression levels of miR-155/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were determined in those samples by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. The results revealed that the relative expression levels of miR-155 in the atherosclerotic plaque samples were significantly upregulated compared with those in the normal control samples. We further found eNOS to be an effective target of miR-155 in the VSMCs by luciferase assay, which was confirmed by the observation that VSMCs transfected with miR-155 mimics exhibited a significantly lower protein expression level of eNOS. We also demonstrated that the exogenous overexpression of miR-155 significantly enhanced cell proliferation by inhibiting apoptosis in human aortic SMCs (HASMCs), and it also promoted the migratory ability of the cells. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that miR-155 is significantly upregulated in atherosclerotic plaque, functioning to accelerate the proliferation and migration of VSMCs by targeting eNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110005, P.R. China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110005, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Yu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110005, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110005, P.R. China
| | - Guofeng Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110005, P.R. China
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Akgullu C, Huyut MA, Boyacioglu M, Guleş O, Eryilmaz U, Hekim T, Dogan E, Zencir C, Güngör H. Nebivolol to attenuate the effects of hyper-homocysteinaemia in rats. Atherosclerosis 2015; 240:33-9. [PMID: 25746375 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the prophylactic effect of nebivolol against hyper-homocysteinaemia (hHcy) induced oxidative stress in brain, heart, liver and kidney tissues and histomorphometric changes in the thoracic aorta. METHODS Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were divided into a control, nebivolol, hHcy and nebivolol+hHcy group. hHcy was induced by oral administration of L-methionine (1 g/kg/day) for 28 days. 10 mg/kg/day nebivolol was administered orally for 28 days. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the tissues were determined. The total cross-sectional area (TCSA), luminal cross-sectional area (LCSA) and intima-media thickness (IMT) were measured in the thoracic aorta. RESULTS Homocysteine (Hcy) levels were lower in the nebivolol+hHcy group than in the hHcy group. Nebivolol treatment significantly decreased high MDA levels in the brain, heart and liver tissues. The level of GSH was higher in the brain, heart and kidney tissues of the nebivolol+hHcy group (P<0.001). The activity of CAT increased only in the kidney tissue of the nebivolol+hHcy group (P<0.01), and the activity of SOD was significantly increased in all the tissues in this group. Increased TCSA and IMT in the nebivolol+hHcy group were significantly decreased after nebivolol administration. The LCSA was significantly higher in the hHcy group than the control group, probably due to outward vascular remodelling. CONCLUSION Nebivolol treatment may be useful in different clinical scenarios where hHcy affects physiopathological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagdas Akgullu
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
| | | | - Murat Boyacioglu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Ozay Guleş
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Eryilmaz
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Tolga Hekim
- Department of Cardiology, Aydın City Hospital, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Emir Dogan
- Department of Cardiology, Ada Tıp Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Cemil Zencir
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Hasan Güngör
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
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Lieb W, Chen MH, Teumer A, de Boer RA, Lin H, Fox ER, Musani SK, Wilson JG, Wang TJ, Völzke H, Petersen AK, Meisinger C, Nauck M, Schlesinger S, Li Y, Menard J, Hercberg S, Wichmann HE, Völker U, Rawal R, Bidlingmaier M, Hannemann A, Dörr M, Rettig R, van Gilst WH, van Veldhuisen DJ, Bakker SJL, Navis G, Wallaschofski H, Meneton P, van der Harst P, Reincke M, Vasan RS. Genome-wide meta-analyses of plasma renin activity and concentration reveal association with the kininogen 1 and prekallikrein genes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 8:131-40. [PMID: 25477429 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is critical for regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance and influences cardiovascular remodeling. Dysregulation of the RAAS contributes to cardiovascular and renal morbidity. The genetic architecture of circulating RAAS components is incompletely understood. METHODS AND RESULTS We meta-analyzed genome-wide association data for plasma renin activity (n=5275), plasma renin concentrations (n=8014), and circulating aldosterone (n=13289) from ≤4 population-based cohorts of European and European-American ancestry, and assessed replication of the top results in an independent sample (n=6487). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 2 independent loci displayed associations with plasma renin activity at genome-wide significance (P<5×10(-8)). A third locus was close to this threshold (rs4253311 in kallikrein B [KLKB1], P=5.5×10(-8)). Two of these loci replicated in an independent sample for both plasma renin and aldosterone concentrations (SNP rs5030062 in kininogen 1 [KNG1]: P=0.001 for plasma renin, P=0.024 for plasma aldosterone concentration; and rs4253311 with P<0.001 for both plasma renin and aldosterone concentration). SNPs in the NEBL gene reached genome-wide significance for plasma renin concentration in the discovery sample (top SNP rs3915911; P=8.81×10(-9)), but did not replicate (P=0.81). No locus reached genome-wide significance for aldosterone. SNPs rs5030062 and rs4253311 were not related to blood pressure or renal traits; in a companion study, variants in the kallikrein B locus were associated with B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations in blacks. CONCLUSIONS We identified 2 genetic loci (kininogen 1 and kallikrein B) influencing key components of the RAAS, consistent with the close interrelation between the kallikrein-kinin system and the RAAS.
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83
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Lehman AMB, Montford JR, Horita H, Ostriker AC, Weiser-Evans MCM, Nemenoff RA, Furgeson SB. Activation of the retinoid X receptor modulates angiotensin II-induced smooth muscle gene expression and inflammation in vascular smooth muscle cells. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 86:570-9. [PMID: 25169989 PMCID: PMC4201143 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.092163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinoid X receptor (RXR) partners with numerous nuclear receptors, such as the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) family, liver X receptors (LXRs), and farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Although each heterodimer can be activated by specific ligands, a subset of these receptors, defined as permissive nuclear receptors, can also be activated by RXR agonists known as rexinoids. Many individual RXR heterodimers have beneficial effects in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Because rexinoids can potently activate multiple RXR pathways, we hypothesized that treating SMCs with rexinoids would more effectively reverse the pathophysiologic effects of angiotensin II than an individual heterodimer agonist. Cultured rat aortic SMCs were pretreated with either an RXR agonist (bexarotene or 9-cis retinoic acid) or vehicle (dimethylsulfoxide) for 24 hours before stimulation with angiotensin II. Compared with dimethylsulfoxide, bexarotene blocked angiotensin II-induced SM contractile gene induction (calponin and smooth muscle-α-actin) and protein synthesis ([(3)H]leucine incorporation). Bexarotene also decreased angiotensin II-mediated inflammation, as measured by decreased expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase but not extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) or protein kinase B (Akt) was also blunted by bexarotene. We compared bexarotene to five agonists of nuclear receptors (PPARα, PPARγ, PPARδ, LXR, and FXR). Bexarotene had a greater effect on calponin reduction, MCP-1 inhibition, and p38 MAP kinase inhibition than any individual agonist. PPARγ knockout cells demonstrated blunted responses to bexarotene, indicating that PPARγ is necessary for the effects of bexarotene. These data demonstrate that RXR is a potent modulator of angiotensin II-mediated responses in the vasculature, partially through inhibition of p38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M B Lehman
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (A.L., J.R.M., H.H., A.C.O., M.W.E., R.A.N., S.B.F.), Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine (M.W.E., R.A.N.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and Department of Medicine, Denver Health Hospital, Denver, Colorado (S.B.F)
| | - John R Montford
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (A.L., J.R.M., H.H., A.C.O., M.W.E., R.A.N., S.B.F.), Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine (M.W.E., R.A.N.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and Department of Medicine, Denver Health Hospital, Denver, Colorado (S.B.F)
| | - Henrick Horita
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (A.L., J.R.M., H.H., A.C.O., M.W.E., R.A.N., S.B.F.), Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine (M.W.E., R.A.N.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and Department of Medicine, Denver Health Hospital, Denver, Colorado (S.B.F)
| | - Allison C Ostriker
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (A.L., J.R.M., H.H., A.C.O., M.W.E., R.A.N., S.B.F.), Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine (M.W.E., R.A.N.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and Department of Medicine, Denver Health Hospital, Denver, Colorado (S.B.F)
| | - Mary C M Weiser-Evans
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (A.L., J.R.M., H.H., A.C.O., M.W.E., R.A.N., S.B.F.), Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine (M.W.E., R.A.N.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and Department of Medicine, Denver Health Hospital, Denver, Colorado (S.B.F)
| | - Raphael A Nemenoff
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (A.L., J.R.M., H.H., A.C.O., M.W.E., R.A.N., S.B.F.), Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine (M.W.E., R.A.N.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and Department of Medicine, Denver Health Hospital, Denver, Colorado (S.B.F)
| | - Seth B Furgeson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (A.L., J.R.M., H.H., A.C.O., M.W.E., R.A.N., S.B.F.), Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine (M.W.E., R.A.N.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and Department of Medicine, Denver Health Hospital, Denver, Colorado (S.B.F)
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84
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Patibandla PK, Rogers AJ, Giridharan GA, Pallero MA, Murphy-Ullrich JE, Sethu P. Hyperglycemic Arterial Disturbed Flow Niche as an In Vitro Model of Atherosclerosis. Anal Chem 2014; 86:10948-54. [DOI: 10.1021/ac503294p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phani K. Patibandla
- Division
of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Aaron J. Rogers
- Division
of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Guruprasad A. Giridharan
- Department
of Bioengineering, Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Manuel A. Pallero
- Departments
of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Joanne E. Murphy-Ullrich
- Departments
of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Palaniappan Sethu
- Division
of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
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Haga S, Tsuchiya H, Hirai T, Hamano T, Mimori A, Ishizaka Y. A novel ACE2 activator reduces monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension by suppressing the JAK/STAT and TGF-β cascades with restored caveolin-1 expression. Exp Lung Res 2014; 41:21-31. [PMID: 25275723 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2014.959141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by increased pressure in the pulmonary artery and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). Recently, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which converts angiotensin (Ang) II into Ang-(1-7), was shown to inhibit experimental PH. Here we identified a novel ACE2 activator and investigated how the compound reduced monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH. METHODS To induce PH, Sprague-Dawley rats were injected subcutaneously with MCT, followed by the continuous administration of NCP-2454, an ACE2 activator, using osmotic pumps. Pulmonary arterial compliance was monitored every week until 4 weeks post-injection (wpi). RVH and lung remodeling was evaluated using lung tissue at 4 wpi. RESULTS NCP-2454 upregulated the production of Ang-(1-7) when incubated with ACE2 and Ang II. Notably, a continuous infusion of NCP-2454 significantly improved pulmonary arterial compliance, right ventricular systolic pressure, and RVH in MCT-treated rats. Interestingly, NCP-2454 increased the relative expression of ACE2 and MAS mRNA in lung tissue, especially in MCT-treated rats. In addition, the compound inhibited the MCT-induced overexpression of transforming growth factor β, phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), and interleukin-6 production. The compound also restored the expression of caveolin-1 (Cav-1), which negatively regulates the Janus kinase-STAT signaling cascade. CONCLUSIONS NCP-2454 prevented MCT-induced PH by suppressing intracellular inflammatory cascades, an upstream molecular change of which is the disruption of Cav-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Haga
- 1Department of Intractable Diseases, Institute of National Center for Global Health and Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
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86
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Koyama M, Hattori S, Amano Y, Watanabe M, Nakamura K. Blood pressure-lowering peptides from neo-fermented buckwheat sprouts: a new approach to estimating ACE-inhibitory activity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105802. [PMID: 25222748 PMCID: PMC4164440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neo-fermented buckwheat sprouts (neo-FBS) contain angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and vasodilators with blood pressure-lowering (BPL) properties in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). In this study, we investigated antihypertensive mechanisms of six BPL peptides isolated from neo-FBS (FBPs) by a vasorelaxation assay and conventional in vitro, in vivo, and a new ex vivo ACE inhibitory assays. Some FBPs demonstrated moderate endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in SHR thoracic aorta and all FBPs mildly inhibited ACE in vitro. Orally administered FBPs strongly inhibited ACE in SHR tissues. To investigate detailed ACE-inhibitory mechanism of FBPs in living body tissues, we performed the ex vivo assay by using endothelium-denuded thoracic aorta rings isolated from SHRs, which demonstrated that FBPs at low concentration effectively inhibited ACE in thoracic aorta tissue and suppressed angiotensin II-mediated vasoconstriction directly associated with BPL. These results indicate that the main BPL mechanism of FBP was ACE inhibition in living body tissues, suggesting that high FBP's bioavailability including absorption, tissue affinity, and tissue accumulation was responsible for the superior ACE inhibition in vivo. We propose that our ex vivo assay is an efficient and reliable method for evaluating ACE-inhibitory mechanism responsible for BPL activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Koyama
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa Village, Nagano, Japan
| | - Seiji Hattori
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa Village, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Amano
- Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano City, Nagano, Japan
| | - Masanori Watanabe
- Department of Food, Life and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka City, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kozo Nakamura
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa Village, Nagano, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa Village, Nagano, Japan
- Academic Assembly, Institute of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa Village, Nagano, Japan
- * E-mail:
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87
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Yao Y, Norris EH, Strickland S. The cellular origin of laminin determines its role in blood pressure regulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 72:999-1008. [PMID: 25216704 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Laminin of different cellular sources has distinct functions. In addition to vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), aorta also contains a small population of nestin(+) cells, whose function remains unknown. This study investigates the role of SMC- and nestin(+) cell-derived laminin in blood pressure (BP) regulation and SMC contractibility. Using mice with laminin deficiency in SMCs (SKO) or nestin(+) cells (NKO), we examined laminin-dependent changes in BP. Contractile protein expression was reduced in SKO but not NKO mice, consistent with their, respectively, low and normal baseline BP measurements. At the ultrastructural level, SKO SMCs maintained the contractile phenotype with reduced elasticity, whereas NKO SMCs switched to the synthetic phenotype and showed degeneration. Additionally, angiotensin II (Ang II) significantly increased BP in SKO but not NKO mice. It also enhanced contractile proteins to the same levels and induced SMC degeneration in both knockout mice. These data suggest that SMC laminin regulates BP via modulating contractile protein expression, whereas nestin(+) cell-derived laminin contributes to SMC phenotypic switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, Box 169, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular disease accounts for approximately 30% of all deaths in the United States, and is the worldwide leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Over the last several years, microRNAs have emerged as critical regulators of physiological homeostasis in multiple organ systems, including the cardiovascular system. The focus of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of the molecular mechanisms contributing to the multiple causes of cardiovascular disease with respect to regulation by microRNAs. A major challenge in understanding the roles of microRNAs in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease is that cardiovascular disease may arise from perturbations in intracellular signaling in multiple cell types including vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts, as well as hepatocytes, pancreatic β-cells, and others. Additionally, perturbations in intracellular signaling cascades may also have profound effects on heterocellular communication via secreted cytokines and growth factors. There has been much progress in recent years to identify the microRNAs that are both dysregulated under pathological conditions, as well as the signaling pathway(s) regulated by an individual microRNA. The goal of this review is to summarize what is currently known about the mechanisms whereby microRNAs maintain cardiovascular homeostasis and to attempt to identify some key unresolved questions that require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald L Neppl
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Cardiology ; Harvard Medical School, Department of Pediatrics Boston MA, 02115
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Cardiology ; Harvard Medical School, Department of Pediatrics Boston MA, 02115
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89
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Zhang Z, Chen L, Zhong J, Gao P, Oudit GY. ACE2/Ang-(1–7) signaling and vascular remodeling. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 57:802-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4693-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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90
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Huang LG, Liu DB, Wang HQ. Angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D polymorphism and aortic aneurysm risk: a meta-analysis. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014; 19:782-7. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivu239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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91
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Chandra S, Narang R, Saluja D, Bhatia J, Srivastava K. Expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene in whole blood in patients with essential hypertension. Biomarkers 2014; 19:314-8. [PMID: 24811208 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2014.910550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aims to investigate the correlation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene expression and protein expression in patients with essential hypertension in whole blood. METHODS ACE gene expression was analyzed by Real Time PCR and western blot in 52 patients with essential hypertension and 42 healthy controls. RESULTS We observed a significant increase in Delta threshold cycle (ΔCT) values in the circulating ACE gene and ACE protein expression in patients as compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS The up-regulation in relative expression of circulating Angiotensin converting enzyme mRNA and protein in patients with respect to controls might be correlated with high blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Chandra
- Dr. B R Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi , Delhi , India
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Patel VB, Zhong JC, Fan D, Basu R, Morton JS, Parajuli N, McMurtry MS, Davidge ST, Kassiri Z, Oudit GY. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a critical determinant of angiotensin II-induced loss of vascular smooth muscle cells and adverse vascular remodeling. Hypertension 2014; 64:157-64. [PMID: 24799609 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.03388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 is a key negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system and metabolizes angiotensin II (Ang II) into Ang 1 to 7. Ang II is a vasoactive peptide, which plays an important role in vascular disease. The objective of the present study was to define the role of ACE2 in pathological vascular remodeling. We found upregulation of ACE2 in dilated human aorta with bicuspid aortic valve and in murine aorta in response to Ang II. Ex vivo pressure myography showed increased vascular stiffness in ACE2 knockout (KO) mesenteric arteries in response to Ang II (1.5 mg/kg per day) and with aging. Histological analyses revealed reduced media-to-lumen ratio in ACE2KO mesenteric arteries with loss of vascular smooth muscle cells. Aortic vascular smooth muscle cells from ACE2KO mice showed markedly increased reactive oxygen species and apoptosis in response to Ang II along with increased cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-8 levels in the ACE2KO aorta. Ang II type 1 receptor blockade and Ang 1 to 7 supplementation prevented the increase in Ang II-induced reactive oxygen species and apoptotic cell death. In the aorta, Ang II resulted in thoracic and abdominal aortic dilation with loss of vascular smooth muscle cell density in ACE2KO aorta as revealed by α-smooth muscle actin, calponin staining, and electron microscopy with increased promatrix metalloproteinase 2, matrix metalloproteinase 2, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 levels. ACE2 is upregulated in vascular diseases, and ACE2 deficiency exacerbates Ang II-mediated vascular remodeling driven by increased reactive oxygen species and vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis. In conclusion, the key counter-regulatory role of ACE2 against an activated renin-angiotensin system provides novel insights into the role of ACE2 in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav B Patel
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (V.B.P., N.P., M.S.M., G.Y.O.), Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (V.B.P., D.F., R.B., N.P., S.T.D., Z.K., G.Y.O.), Department of Physiology (D.F., R.B., S.T.D., Z.K., G.Y.O.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.S.M., S.T.D.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (J.-C.Z.); and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai, China (J.-C.Z.)
| | - Jiu-Chang Zhong
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (V.B.P., N.P., M.S.M., G.Y.O.), Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (V.B.P., D.F., R.B., N.P., S.T.D., Z.K., G.Y.O.), Department of Physiology (D.F., R.B., S.T.D., Z.K., G.Y.O.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.S.M., S.T.D.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (J.-C.Z.); and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai, China (J.-C.Z.)
| | - Dong Fan
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (V.B.P., N.P., M.S.M., G.Y.O.), Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (V.B.P., D.F., R.B., N.P., S.T.D., Z.K., G.Y.O.), Department of Physiology (D.F., R.B., S.T.D., Z.K., G.Y.O.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.S.M., S.T.D.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (J.-C.Z.); and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai, China (J.-C.Z.)
| | - Ratnadeep Basu
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (V.B.P., N.P., M.S.M., G.Y.O.), Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (V.B.P., D.F., R.B., N.P., S.T.D., Z.K., G.Y.O.), Department of Physiology (D.F., R.B., S.T.D., Z.K., G.Y.O.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.S.M., S.T.D.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (J.-C.Z.); and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai, China (J.-C.Z.)
| | - Jude S Morton
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (V.B.P., N.P., M.S.M., G.Y.O.), Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (V.B.P., D.F., R.B., N.P., S.T.D., Z.K., G.Y.O.), Department of Physiology (D.F., R.B., S.T.D., Z.K., G.Y.O.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.S.M., S.T.D.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (J.-C.Z.); and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai, China (J.-C.Z.)
| | - Nirmal Parajuli
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (V.B.P., N.P., M.S.M., G.Y.O.), Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (V.B.P., D.F., R.B., N.P., S.T.D., Z.K., G.Y.O.), Department of Physiology (D.F., R.B., S.T.D., Z.K., G.Y.O.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.S.M., S.T.D.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (J.-C.Z.); and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai, China (J.-C.Z.)
| | - Michael Sean McMurtry
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (V.B.P., N.P., M.S.M., G.Y.O.), Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (V.B.P., D.F., R.B., N.P., S.T.D., Z.K., G.Y.O.), Department of Physiology (D.F., R.B., S.T.D., Z.K., G.Y.O.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.S.M., S.T.D.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (J.-C.Z.); and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai, China (J.-C.Z.)
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (V.B.P., N.P., M.S.M., G.Y.O.), Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (V.B.P., D.F., R.B., N.P., S.T.D., Z.K., G.Y.O.), Department of Physiology (D.F., R.B., S.T.D., Z.K., G.Y.O.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.S.M., S.T.D.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (J.-C.Z.); and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai, China (J.-C.Z.)
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (V.B.P., N.P., M.S.M., G.Y.O.), Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (V.B.P., D.F., R.B., N.P., S.T.D., Z.K., G.Y.O.), Department of Physiology (D.F., R.B., S.T.D., Z.K., G.Y.O.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.S.M., S.T.D.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (J.-C.Z.); and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai, China (J.-C.Z.)
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (V.B.P., N.P., M.S.M., G.Y.O.), Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (V.B.P., D.F., R.B., N.P., S.T.D., Z.K., G.Y.O.), Department of Physiology (D.F., R.B., S.T.D., Z.K., G.Y.O.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.S.M., S.T.D.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (J.-C.Z.); and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai, China (J.-C.Z.).
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93
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Silpanisong J, Pearce WJ. Vasotrophic regulation of age-dependent hypoxic cerebrovascular remodeling. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2014; 11:544-63. [PMID: 24063376 DOI: 10.2174/1570161111311050002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia can induce functional and structural vascular remodeling by changing the expression of trophic factors to promote homeostasis. While most experimental approaches have been focused on functional remodeling, structural remodeling can reflect changes in the abundance and organization of vascular proteins that determine functional remodeling. Better understanding of age-dependent hypoxic macrovascular remodeling processes of the cerebral vasculature and its clinical implications require knowledge of the vasotrophic factors that influence arterial structure and function. Hypoxia can affect the expression of transcription factors, classical receptor tyrosine kinase factors, non-classical G-protein coupled factors, catecholamines, and purines. Hypoxia's remodeling effects can be mediated by Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) upregulation in most vascular beds, but alterations in the expression of growth factors can also be independent of HIF. PPARγ is another transcription factor involved in hypoxic remodeling. Expression of classical receptor tyrosine kinase ligands, including vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor and angiopoietins, can be altered by hypoxia which can act simultaneously to affect remodeling. Tyrosine kinase-independent factors, such as transforming growth factor, nitric oxide, endothelin, angiotensin II, catecholamines, and purines also participate in the remodeling process. This adaptation to hypoxic stress can fundamentally change with age, resulting in different responses between fetuses and adults. Overall, these mechanisms integrate to assure that blood flow and metabolic demand are closely matched in all vascular beds and emphasize the view that the vascular wall is a highly dynamic and heterogeneous tissue with multiple cell types undergoing regular phenotypic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjutha Silpanisong
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
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94
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Silverberg D, Younis A, Savion N, Harari G, Yakubovitch D, Sheick Yousif B, Halak M, Grossman E, Schneiderman J. Long-term renin-angiotensin blocking therapy in hypertensive patients with normal aorta may attenuate the formation of abdominal aortic aneurysms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 8:571-7. [PMID: 24913570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB), when given with angiotensin II prevents AAA formation in mice, but found ineffective in attenuating the progression of preexisting AAA. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of chronic RAS blockers on abdominal aortic diameter in hypertensive patients without known aortic aneurysm. Consecutive hypertensive outpatients (n = 122) were stratified according to antihypertensive therapy they received for 12 months or more, consisting of ARB (n = 45), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I; n = 45), or nonARB/nonACE-I (control therapy; n = 32). Abdominal ultrasonography was performed to measure maximal subrenal aortic diameter. Eighty-four patients were reexamined by ultrasonography 8 months later. The correlation between the different antihypertensive therapies and aortic diameter was examined. Aortic diameters were significantly smaller in ARB than in control patients in the baseline and follow-up measurements (P = .004; P = .0004, respectively). Risk factor adjusted covariance analysis showed significant differences between ARB or ACE-I treated groups and controls (P = .006 or P = .046, respectively). Ultrasound that was performed 8 months later showed smaller increases in mean aortic diameters of the ARB and ACE-I groups than in controls. Both ARB and ACE-I therapy attenuated expansion of nonaneurysmal abdominal aorta in humans. These results indicate that RAS blockade given before advancement of aortic medial remodeling may slow down the development of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Silverberg
- The Department of Vascular Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Anan Younis
- The Department of Internal Medicine D and Hypertension Clinic, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Naphtali Savion
- The Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Dmitry Yakubovitch
- The Department of Vascular Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Moshe Halak
- The Department of Vascular Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ehud Grossman
- The Department of Internal Medicine D and Hypertension Clinic, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Jacob Schneiderman
- The Department of Vascular Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; The Gottesdiener Vascular Biology Laboratory, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
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95
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Zhang J, Chen J, Yang J, Xu C, Ding J, Yang J, Guo Q, Hu Q, Jiang H. Sodium ferulate inhibits neointimal hyperplasia in rat balloon injury model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87561. [PMID: 24489938 PMCID: PMC3906191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim Neointimal formation after vessel injury is a complex process involving multiple cellular and molecular processes. Inhibition of intimal hyperplasia plays an important role in preventing proliferative vascular diseases, such as restenosis. In this study, we intended to identify whether sodium ferulate could inhibit neointimal formation and further explore potential mechanisms involved. Methods Cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) isolated from rat thoracic aorta were pre-treated with 200 µmol/L sodium ferulate for 1 hour and then stimulated with 1 µmol/L angiotensin II (Ang II) for 1 hour or 10% serum for 48 hours. Male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to balloon catheter insertion were administrated with 200 mg/kg sodium ferulate (or saline) for 7 days before sacrificed. Results In presence of sodium ferulate, VSMCs exhibited decreased proliferation and migration, suppressed intracellular reactive oxidative species production and NADPH oxidase activity, increased SOD activation and down-regulated p38 phosphorylation compared to Ang II-stimulated alone. Meanwhile, VSMCs treated with sodium ferulate showed significantly increased protein expression of smooth muscle α-actin and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain protein. The components of Notch pathway, including nuclear Notch-1 protein, Jagged-1, Hey-1 and Hey-2 mRNA, as well as total β-catenin protein and Cyclin D1 mRNA of Wnt signaling, were all significantly decreased by sodium ferulate in cells under serum stimulation. The levels of serum 8-iso-PGF2α and arterial collagen formation in vessel wall were decreased, while the expression of contractile markers was increased in sodium ferulate treated rats. A decline of neointimal area, as well as lower ratio of intimal to medial area was observed in sodium ferulate group. Conclusion Sodium ferulate attenuated neointimal hyperplasia through suppressing oxidative stress and phenotypic switching of VSMCs.
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MESH Headings
- Angioplasty, Balloon/adverse effects
- Angiotensin II/physiology
- Animals
- Carotid Arteries/drug effects
- Carotid Arteries/pathology
- Carotid Artery Diseases/drug therapy
- Carotid Artery Diseases/etiology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Coumaric Acids/pharmacology
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Hyperplasia/prevention & control
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
- Neointima/drug therapy
- Neointima/etiology
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, PR China
| | - Changwu Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jiawang Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qing Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- * E-mail:
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96
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VanBavel E, Tuna BG. Integrative modeling of small artery structure and function uncovers critical parameters for diameter regulation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86901. [PMID: 24497993 PMCID: PMC3908953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ perfusion is regulated by vasoactivity and structural adaptation of small arteries and arterioles. These resistance vessels are sensitive to pressure, flow and a range of vasoactive stimuli. Several strongly interacting control loops exist. As an example, the myogenic response to a change of pressure influences the endothelial shear stress, thereby altering the contribution of shear-dependent dilation to the vascular tone. In addition, acute responses change the stimulus for structural adaptation and vice versa. Such control loops are able to maintain resistance vessels in a functional and stable state, characterized by regulated wall stress, shear stress, matched active and passive biomechanics and presence of vascular reserve. In this modeling study, four adaptation processes are identified that together with biomechanical properties effectuate such integrated regulation: control of tone, smooth muscle cell length adaptation, eutrophic matrix rearrangement and trophic responses. Their combined action maintains arteries in their optimal state, ready to cope with new challenges, allowing continuous long-term vasoregulation. The exclusion of any of these processes results in a poorly regulated state and in some cases instability of vascular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ed VanBavel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Bilge Guvenc Tuna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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97
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Shouk R, Abdou A, Shetty K, Sarkar D, Eid AH. Mechanisms underlying the antihypertensive effects of garlic bioactives. Nutr Res 2014; 34:106-15. [PMID: 24461311 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide with hypertension being a major contributing factor to cardiovascular disease-associated mortality. On a population level, non-pharmacological approaches, such as alternative/complementary medicine, including phytochemicals, have the potential to ameliorate cardiovascular risk factors, including high blood pressure. Several epidemiological studies suggest an antihypertensive effect of garlic (Allium sativum) and of many its bioactive components. The aim of this review is to present an in-depth discussion regarding the molecular, biochemical and cellular rationale underlying the antihypertensive properties of garlic and its bioactive constituents with a primary focus on S-allyl cysteine and allicin. Key studies, largely from PubMed, were selected and screened to develop a comprehensive understanding of the specific role of garlic and its bioactive constituents in the management of hypertension. We also reviewed recent advances focusing on the role of garlic bioactives, S-allyl cysteine and allicin, in modulating various parameters implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension. These parameters include oxidative stress, nitric oxide bioavailability, hydrogen sulfide production, angiotensin converting enzyme activity, expression of nuclear factor-κB and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. This review suggests that garlic and garlic derived bioactives have significant medicinal properties with the potential for ameliorating hypertension and associated morbidity; however, further clinical and epidemiological studies are required to determine completely the specific physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved in disease prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Shouk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aya Abdou
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kalidas Shetty
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA
| | - Dipayan Sarkar
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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98
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Notch γ-secretase inhibitor dibenzazepine attenuates angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm in ApoE knockout mice by multiple mechanisms. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83310. [PMID: 24358274 PMCID: PMC3865307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening aortic disease in the elderly. Activation of Notch1 pathway plays a critical role in the development of AAA, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study, we explored the mechanisms by which Notch1 activation regulates angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced AAA formation and evaluated the therapeutic potential of a new Notch γ-secretase inhibitor, dibenzazepine (DBZ), for the treatment of AAA. Apolipoprotein E knockout (Apo E(-/-)) mice infused for 4 weeks with Ang II (1000 ng/kg/min, IP) using osmotic mini-pumps were received an intraperitoneal injection of either vehicle or 1 mg/kg/d DBZ. Notch1 signaling was activated in AAA tissue from both Ang II-infused Apo E(-/-) mice and human undergoing AAA repair in vivo, with increased expression of Notch intracellular domain (NICD) and its target gene Hes1, and this effect was effectively blocked by DBZ. Moreover, infusion of Ang II markedly increased the incidence and severity of AAA in Apo E(-/-) mice. In contrast, inhibition of Notch activation by DBZ prevented AAA formation in vivo. Furthermore, DBZ markedly prevented Ang II-stimulated accumulation of macrophages and CD4(+) T cells, and ERK-mediated angiogenesis, simultaneously reversed Th2 response, in vivo. In conclusion, these findings provide new insight into the multiple mechanisms of Notch signaling involved in AAA formation and suggest that γ-secretase inhibitor DBZ might be a novel therapeutic drug for treating AAAS.
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99
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Arutyunyan TV, Korystova AF, Kublik LN, Levitman MK, Shaposhnikova VV, Korystov YN. Effects of taxifolin on the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the aorta of aging rats and rats treated with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor and dexamethasone. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:2089-97. [PMID: 23271616 PMCID: PMC3825014 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The action of taxifolin on the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) in the aorta of aging rats and rats treated with nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (N ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)) or dexamethasone have been studied. The ACE activity in aorta sections was determined by measuring the hydrolysis of hippuryl-L-histidyl-L-leucine, and the ROS/RNS production was measured by oxidation of dichlorodihydrofluorescein. It was shown that taxifolin at a dose of 30-100 μg/kg/day decreases the ACE activity in the aorta of aging rats and of rats treated with L-NAME or dexamethasone to the level of the ACE activity in young control rats. Taxifolin (100 μg/kg/day) was found to also reduce the amount of ROS/RNS in the aorta that increased as a result of L-NAME intake. L-NAME treatment increases the contribution of 5-lipoxygenase and NADPH oxidase to ROS/RNS production in the aorta, while taxifolin (100 μg/kg/day) decreases the contribution of these enzymes to the normal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara V. Arutyunyan
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290 Russia
| | - Antonina F. Korystova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290 Russia
| | - Ludmila N. Kublik
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290 Russia
| | - Maria Kh. Levitman
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290 Russia
| | - Vera V. Shaposhnikova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290 Russia
| | - Yuri N. Korystov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290 Russia
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100
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Somma C, Trillini M, Kasa M, Gentile G. Managing end-stage renal disease in the elderly: state-of-the-art, challenges and opportunities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/ahe.13.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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