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Bucolo C, Maugeri G, Giunta S, D’Agata V, Drago F, Romano GL. Corneal wound healing and nerve regeneration by novel ophthalmic formulations based on cross-linked sodium hyaluronate, taurine, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1109291. [PMID: 36817120 PMCID: PMC9932323 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1109291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: To evaluate the pharmacological profile of ocular formulations based on cross-linked sodium hyaluronate (CL-SH), taurine (Tau), vitamin B6 (Vit B6) and vitamin B12 (Vit B12) using in vitro and in vivo paradigms. Methods: Rabbit corneal epithelial cells were used to assess wound healing and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation by scratch assay and oxidative stress (0.3 mM H2O2; 30 min), respectively with or without ocular formulations exposure. In vivo studies were carried out on albino rabbits to evaluate corneal nerve regeneration and corneal wound healing with or without treatment with six different formulations. Animals were anesthetized, the corneal epithelium was removed, and formulations were topically administered (30 μL/eye; 3 times/day for 6 days). Slit-lamp observation was carried out at different time points. After 6 days the animals were killed, and corneas were collected to evaluate corneal re-innervation by immunohistochemistry of selective neuronal marker β-III tubulin. Results: Formulations containing the concentrations 0.16% or 0.32% of cross-linked sodium hyaluronate, taurine, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 accelerated corneal wound healing. Cells exposed to H2O2 led to significant (p < 0.05) increase of reactive oxygen species concentration that was significantly (p < 0.05) counteract by formulations containing cross-linked sodium hyaluronate (0.32%) and taurine with or without vitamins. The extent of re-innervation, in terms of β-III tubulin staining, was 5-fold greater (p < 0.01) in the eye of rabbits treated with formulation containing 0.32% cross-linked sodium hyaluronate, taurine, vitamins (RenerviX®) compared with the control group (no treatment). Furthermore, re-innervation elicited by RenerviX® was significantly greater (p < 0.01) compared with the group treated with the formulation containing 0.32% cross-linked sodium hyaluronate and taurine without vitamins, and with the group treated with the formulation containing 0.5% linear sodium hyaluronate (SH), taurine, and vitamin B12, respectively. Discussion: In conclusion, among the formulations tested, the new ophthalmic gel RenerviX® was able to contrast oxidative stress, to accelerate corneal re-epithelization and to promote nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy,Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy,*Correspondence: Claudio Bucolo,
| | - Grazia Maugeri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Giunta
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Velia D’Agata
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy,Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy,Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Romano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy,Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Dammak A, Pastrana C, Martin-Gil A, Carpena-Torres C, Peral Cerda A, Simovart M, Alarma P, Huete-Toral F, Carracedo G. Oxidative Stress in the Anterior Ocular Diseases: Diagnostic and Treatment. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020292. [PMID: 36830827 PMCID: PMC9952931 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The eye is a metabolically active structure, constantly exposed to solar radiations making its structure vulnerable to the high burden of reactive oxygen species (ROS), presenting many molecular interactions. The biomolecular cascade modification is caused especially in diseases of the ocular surface, cornea, conjunctiva, uvea, and lens. In fact, the injury in the anterior segment of the eye takes its origin from the perturbation of the pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance and leads to increased oxidative damage, especially when the first line of antioxidant defence weakens with age. Furthermore, oxidative stress is related to mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, protein modification, apoptosis, and inflammation, which are involved in anterior ocular disease progression such as dry eye, keratoconus, uveitis, and cataract. The different pathologies are interconnected through various mechanisms such as inflammation, oxidative stress making the diagnostics more relevant in early stages. The end point of the molecular pathway is the release of different antioxidant biomarkers offering the potential of predictive diagnostics of the pathology. In this review, we have analysed the oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in the front of the eye to provide a better understanding of the pathomechanism, the importance of biomarkers for the diagnosis of eye diseases, and the recent treatment of anterior ocular diseases.
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Investigation of antioxidant, anti-ulcer, and analgesic potential of a metal-curcumin complex. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:1043-1052. [PMID: 36625947 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the current study was to investigate the antioxidant, anti-ulcer, and analgesic properties of a metal-curcumin complex (MCC) utilizing different mouse and rat models. The antioxidant component of the analysis was completed in vitro, whereas the other activities were completed in vivo. The 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical cation scavenging test, the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay were used to measure the antioxidant activity. MCC demonstrated potent radical scavenging abilities. In all three experiments, Trolox served as the reference substance. When curcumin's radical scavenging abilities were compared, it became clear that MCC was a superior radical scavenger. Using the ethanol-induced technique on Sprague-Dawley rats, the anti-ulcerogenic effect was assessed. It shows that at an oral dosage of 100 mg/kg body weight, MCC might provide gastroprotection (b.w.). Additionally, we have examined MCC's potential as an analgesic. Swiss albino mice were used to measure the analgesic activity of MCC using the hot plate technique. At an oral dosage of 50 mg/kg b.w., MCC displayed analgesic efficacy. As a result, MCC could be useful in the management of inflammatory diseases.
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54
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Chintala SK, Pan J, Satapathy S, Condruti R, Hao Z, Liu PW, O’Conner CF, Barr JT, Wilson MR, Jeong S, Fini ME. Recombinant Human Clusterin Seals Damage to the Ocular Surface Barrier in a Mouse Model of Ophthalmic Preservative-Induced Epitheliopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:981. [PMID: 36674497 PMCID: PMC9861099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a significant unmet need for therapeutics to treat ocular surface barrier damage, also called epitheliopathy, due to dry eye and related diseases. We recently reported that the natural tear glycoprotein CLU (clusterin), a molecular chaperone and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, seals and heals epitheliopathy in mice subjected to desiccating stress in a model of aqueous-deficient/evaporative dry eye. Here we investigated CLU sealing using a second model with features of ophthalmic preservative-induced dry eye. The ocular surface was stressed by topical application of the ophthalmic preservative benzalkonium chloride (BAC). Then eyes were treated with CLU and sealing was evaluated immediately by quantification of clinical dye uptake. A commercial recombinant form of human CLU (rhCLU), as well as an rhCLU form produced in our laboratory, designed to be compatible with U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines on current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP), were as effective as natural plasma-derived human CLU (pCLU) in sealing the damaged ocular surface barrier. In contrast, two other proteins found in tears: TIMP1 and LCN1 (tear lipocalin), exhibited no sealing activity. The efficacy and selectivity of rhCLU for sealing of the damaged ocular surface epithelial barrier suggests that it could be of therapeutic value in treating BAC-induced epitheliopathy and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravan K. Chintala
- USC Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jinhong Pan
- New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Sandeep Satapathy
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Rebecca Condruti
- Training Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Zixuan Hao
- Training Program in Pharmacology and Drug Development, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Pei-wen Liu
- Training Program in Pharmacology and Drug Development, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Christian F. O’Conner
- Doctor of Medicine Training Program, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Joseph T. Barr
- The Ohio State University College of Optometry, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mark R. Wilson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Shinwu Jeong
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - M. Elizabeth Fini
- New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Scarpellini C, Ramos Llorca A, Lanthier C, Klejborowska G, Augustyns K. The Potential Role of Regulated Cell Death in Dry Eye Diseases and Ocular Surface Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:731. [PMID: 36614174 PMCID: PMC9820812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The research on new treatments for dry eye diseases (DED) has exponentially grown over the past decades. The increased prevalence of dry eye conditions, particularly in the younger population, has received much attention. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to identify novel therapeutical targets. Regulated cell death (RCD) is an essential process to control the biological homeostasis of tissues and organisms. The identification of different mechanisms of RCD stimulated the research on their involvement in different human pathologies. Whereas apoptosis has been widely studied in DED and included in the DED vicious cycle, the role of RCD still needs to be completely elucidated. In this review, we will explore the potential roles of different types of RCD in DED and ocular surface dysfunction. Starting from the evidence of oxidative stress and inflammation in dry eye pathology, we will analyse the potential therapeutic applications of the following principal RCD mechanisms: ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Koen Augustyns
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2160 Antwerp, Belgium
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Chen G, Wu Y, Qian ZM, Wang X, Howard SW, McMillin SE, Lin H, Ruan Z, Zhang Z. Associations between conjunctivitis and ambient PM 2.5 and physical activity: A nationwide prospective cohort study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:157979. [PMID: 35981585 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is no evidence of fine particulate matter pollution (PM2.5) altering the relationship between physical activity (PA) and the risk of conjunctivitis. METHODS Based on the UK Biobank study, we included 308,507 participants aged 40-69 years at baseline (2006 to 2010) and prospectively followed up for conjunctivitis diagnosis till 2020. Annual concentrations of PM2.5 in 2010 were estimated for each participant using Land Use Regression models. PA levels during work and leisure time were reported via the International Physical Activity Questionnaire at baseline. We used Cox proportional hazards models to examine the associations of PM2.5 and PA with incident conjunctivitis, as well as their interaction at both multiplicative and additive scales. RESULTS During the 11.6 years of follow up, we identified 4002 incident conjunctivitis cases. High-PA (≥3000 metabolic equivalent of task [MET]-mins/week) was associated with lower risk of conjunctivitis (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73-0.86) compared to low-PA (0 to <600 MET-mins/week), while every 1 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5 was associated with a 16% higher risk of conjunctivitis (HR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.09-1.23). We did not observe statistically significant interactions between PM2.5 and PA on their associations with conjunctivitis. CONCLUSION Habitual PA and PM2.5 exposure were oppositely related to incident conjunctivitis. The benefits of PA remain in people irrespective of exposure to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Yinglin Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States of America
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Steven W Howard
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States of America
| | - Stephen Edward McMillin
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States of America
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Zengliang Ruan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, PR China.
| | - Zilong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
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Kwon YS, Zheng M, Zhang AY, Han Z. Melanin-like Nanoparticles as an Alternative to Natural Melanin in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells and Their Therapeutic Effects against Age-Related Macular Degeneration. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19412-19422. [PMID: 36269679 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Melanin is a natural pigment that is widely distributed in many parts of the human body, such as the skin and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in eyes. In contrast to skin melanin, which is being constantly synthesized by the epidermal melanocytes, melanin in the RPE does not regenerate. Melanin is known to function as a potential radical scavenger and photoprotective agent. However, the protective effects of melanin against oxidative stress decline with increasing age. This phenomenon has been correlated with the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). To increase the potential antioxidant and photoprotective characteristics of melanin, we designed a therapeutic strategy for replenishment of melanin using PEGylated synthetic melanin-like nanoparticles (MNPs) in the RPE for the treatment of AMD. We performed experiments using AMD-like cellular and mouse models and demonstrated that MNPs are biocompatible and selectively target reactive oxygen species (ROS) with powerful antioxidant properties. MNPs can traffic and accumulate in the RPE and are exclusively located in cytosol, but not the nucleus and mitochondria of the cells, for at least 3 months after a single-dose intravitreal injection. Our findings demonstrate that MNPs are able to substitute for natural melanin in the RPE and suggest the potential efficacy of MNPs as a natural radical scavenger against oxidative stress in ROS-related diseases, such as AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Su Kwon
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
| | - Alice Yang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
| | - Zongchao Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
- Division of Pharmacoengineering & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
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Vivero-Lopez M, Sparacino C, Quelle-Regaldie A, Sánchez L, Candal E, Barreiro-Iglesias A, Huete-Toral F, Carracedo G, Otero A, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Pluronic®/casein micelles for ophthalmic delivery of resveratrol: In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo tests. Int J Pharm 2022; 628:122281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Shirvani M, Soufi F, Nouralishahi A, Vakili K, Salimi A, Lucke-Wold B, Mousavi F, Mohammadzadehsaliani S, Khanzadeh S. The Diagnostic Value of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio as an Effective Biomarker for Eye Disorders: A Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5744008. [PMID: 36281463 PMCID: PMC9587911 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5744008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) reflects a dynamic relationship between the innate (neutrophils) and adaptive (lymphocytes) cellular immune response. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to critically evaluate the literature regarding the use of the NLR as a reliable means to detect several ocular disorders. Our study was registered with the PROSPERO (ID: CRD42022314850). Three databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Web of Science, were searched on September 9, 2022, with no restrictions on the article's language. Finally, 32 articles were recognized as eligible for our meta-analysis. We found that patients with eye diseases had significantly elevated levels of NLR in comparison to healthy controls (SMD =0.53, 95% CI =0.35-0.71, P < 0.001). In subgroup analysis, patients with keratoconus (SMD =0.69; 95% CI =0.33-1.05, P < 0.001), glaucoma (SMD =0.56, 95% CI =0.25-0.87, P < 0.001), pterygium (SMD =0.14; 95% CI =0.01-0.26, P < 0.001), and idiopathic epiretinal membrane (SMD =0.14; 95% CI =0.01-0.26, P < 0.001) had higher levels of NLR compared to healthy controls. However, NLR levels of patients with dry eye disease were similar to healthy controls (SMD =0.32, 95% CI = -0.49-1.13, P = 0.435). It can be said that NLR is a valuable marker of systemic inflammation, which is significantly increased in many eye disorders, suggesting that inflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shirvani
- Geriatric Ophthalmology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farhad Soufi
- Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Nouralishahi
- Isfahan Eye Research Center, Feiz Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kimia Vakili
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhosseinn Salimi
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Farideh Mousavi
- Nikukari Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Shokoufeh Khanzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Mousstaaid A, Fatemi SA, Elliott KEC, Levy AW, Miller WW, Gerard PD, Alqhtani AH, Peebles ED. Effects of the In Ovo and Dietary Supplementation of L-Ascorbic Acid on the Growth Performance, Inflammatory Response, and Eye L-Ascorbic Acid Concentrations in Ross 708 Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2573. [PMID: 36230314 PMCID: PMC9559629 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of the dietary and in ovo administration of L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) on the performance, plasma nitric oxide, and eye L-AA concentrations of Ross 708 broilers were investigated. At 17 days of incubation, live embryonated hatching eggs were randomly assigned to a non-injected or sham-injected (100 μL of saline) control group, or a group injected with either 12 or 25 mg of L-AA suspended in 100 μL of saline. Chicks received a commercial diet with or without 200 mg/kg of supplemental L-AA and were randomly assigned to each of 6 replicate floor pens in each in ovo injection-dietary treatment combination. Weekly live performance variables through 14 days of post hatch age (doa) and the eye weights in both sexes at 0, 7, and 14 doa were determined. At 0 and 14 doa, plasma nitric oxide levels and eye L-AA concentrations of one bird of each sex in each pen were determined. Dietary supplemental L-AA decreased feed intake and growth between 0 and 7 doa, but from 8 to 14 doa; all birds fed supplemental L-AA had a lower feed conversion ratio. At 14 doa, male chicks had higher eye L-AA concentrations and lower plasma nitric oxide levels when treated in ovo with 12 mg of L-AA. In conclusion, dietary L-AA may be used to improve feed conversion in the second week of broiler post hatch growth. However, the in ovo administration of 12 mg of L-AA can increase male eye L-AA concentrations and is effective in reducing their general inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Mousstaaid
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | | | | | | | - William Wadd Miller
- Advanced Animal Eye Care, 3308 Old West Point Road, Starkville, MS 39759, USA
| | - Patrick D. Gerard
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | | | - Edgar David Peebles
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
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Ling J, Chan CL, Ho CY, Gao X, Tsang SM, Leung PC, Hu JM, Wong CK. The Extracts of Dendrobium Alleviate Dry Eye Disease in Rat Model by Regulating Aquaporin Expression and MAPKs/NF-κB Signalling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911195. [PMID: 36232498 PMCID: PMC9570073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye is one of the most common ocular surface diseases caused by tear film instability and ocular surface damage due to an abnormal quality or quantity of tears. Inflammatory factors can initiate relevant transduction signalling pathways and trigger the inflammatory cascade response, resulting in ocular surface inflammation. It has been shown that the active ingredients in Dendrobium, such as polysaccharides, alkaloids and phenols, have anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour and immunity-boosting effects, and Dendrobium officinale extract can improve glandular secretion function, increase salivary secretion and increase the expression level of water channel protein in salivary glands in patients with dry eye syndromes. We investigated the in vitro cytoprotective effect of Dendrobium extracts in sodium chloride induced hyperosmotic conditions in human cornea keratocytes (HKs). Results showed that Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo water extract (DOW) and Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfe water extract (DLW) could upregulate the expression of aquaporins (AQP)5 protein, thus exerting a repairing effect by promoting cell migration. Furthermore, oral administration of DOW and DLW enhanced tear production in rats and exerted a protective effect on ocular surface damage. DOW and DLW could upregulate the expression of AQP5 and mucin (muc)5ac proteins in the lacrimal gland and reduce the inflammatory response. DOW and DLW inhibited the activation of the corresponding mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and NF-KB pathway, thereby playing a role in improving dry eye symptoms. This study provides a new perspective on dry eye treatment, and DOW and DLW may be potential therapeutic agents for dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chung-Lap Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Yan Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xun Gao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sin-Man Tsang
- State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping-Chung Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiang-Miao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Chun-Kwok Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence:
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Metibemu DS, Ogungbe IV. Carotenoids in Drug Discovery and Medicine: Pathways and Molecular Targets Implicated in Human Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:6005. [PMID: 36144741 PMCID: PMC9503763 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are isoprenoid-derived natural products produced in plants, algae, fungi, and photosynthetic bacteria. Most animals cannot synthesize carotenoids because the biosynthetic machinery to create carotenoids de novo is absent in animals, except arthropods. Carotenoids are biosynthesized from two C20 geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) molecules made from isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) via the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) route. Carotenoids can be extracted by a variety of methods, including maceration, Soxhlet extraction, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), pulsed electric field (PEF)-assisted extraction, and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE). Carotenoids have been reported to exert various biochemical actions, including the inhibition of the Akt/mTOR, Bcl-2, SAPK/JNK, JAK/STAT, MAPK, Nrf2/Keap1, and NF-κB signaling pathways and the ability to increase cholesterol efflux to HDL. Carotenoids are absorbed in the intestine. A handful of carotenoids and carotenoid-based compounds are in clinical trials, while some are currently used as medicines. The application of metabolic engineering techniques for carotenoid production, whole-genome sequencing, and the use of plants as cell factories to produce specialty carotenoids presents a promising future for carotenoid research. In this review, we discussed the biosynthesis and extraction of carotenoids, the roles of carotenoids in human health, the metabolism of carotenoids, and carotenoids as a source of drugs and supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ifedayo Victor Ogungbe
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217-0095, USA
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63
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Park SH, Hwang JS, Shin YJ. Effect of multivitamin drug on intractable dry eye symptoms. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:978107. [PMID: 36148465 PMCID: PMC9486468 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.978107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye is a disorder of tear film and ocular surface characterized by ocular discomforts. It is associated with multiple causes and sometimes intractable. We investigated the effect of oral multivitamin supplementation (MVG) on dry eyes. Tear break-up time (TBUT), fluorescein ocular surface staining score, and tear secretion Schirmer test were measured in dry eye patients refractory to conventional topical treatment. The ocular surface disease index (OSDI), visual analog pain score (VAS), and modified standardized patient evaluation of eye dryness questionnaire were analyzed. In total, 42 eyes of 42 patients were included. TBUT increased at 1 and 3 months compared to baseline (p < 0.05). OSDI decreased at 1 and 3 months compared to baseline (p < 0.05). VAS score, impact on life, and frequency of total symptoms decreased at 3 months compared to baseline (p < 0.05). Oral administration of MVG, a vitamin complex formulation, was effective in stabilizing tear stability and alleviating symptoms in patients with intractable dry eye. Thus, it may be a viable treatment option for intractable dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hie Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Sun Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Hallym BioEyeTech Research Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Joo Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Hallym BioEyeTech Research Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Young Joo Shin,
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64
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Dludla SBK, Mashabela LT, Ng’andwe B, Makoni PA, Witika BA. Current Advances in Nano-Based and Polymeric Stimuli-Responsive Drug Delivery Targeting the Ocular Microenvironment: A Review and Envisaged Future Perspectives. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173580. [PMID: 36080651 PMCID: PMC9460529 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal vision remains one of the most essential elements of the sensory system continuously threatened by many ocular pathologies. Various pharmacological agents possess the potential to effectively treat these ophthalmic conditions; however, the use and efficacy of conventional ophthalmic formulations is hindered by ocular anatomical barriers. Recent novel designs of ophthalmic drug delivery systems (DDS) using nanotechnology show promising prospects, and ophthalmic formulations based on nanotechnology are currently being investigated due to their potential to bypass these barriers to ensure successful ocular drug delivery. More recently, stimuli-responsive nano drug carriers have gained more attention based on their great potential to effectively treat and alleviate many ocular diseases. The attraction is based on their biocompatibility and biodegradability, unique secondary conformations, varying functionalities, and, especially, the stimuli-enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reduced side effects. This review introduces the design and fabrication of stimuli-responsive nano drug carriers, including those that are responsive to endogenous stimuli, viz., pH, reduction, reactive oxygen species, adenosine triphosphate, and enzymes or exogenous stimuli such as light, magnetic field or temperature, which are biologically related or applicable in clinical settings. Furthermore, the paper discusses the applications and prospects of these stimuli-responsive nano drug carriers that are capable of overcoming the biological barriers of ocular disease alleviation and/or treatment for in vivo administration. There remains a great need to accelerate the development of stimuli-responsive nano drug carriers for clinical transition and applications in the treatment of ocular diseases and possible extrapolation to other topical applications such as ungual or otic drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siphokazi B. K. Dludla
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Leshasha T. Mashabela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
| | - Brian Ng’andwe
- University Teaching Hospitals-Eye Hospital, Private Bag RW 1 X Ridgeway, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Pedzisai A. Makoni
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
- Correspondence: (P.A.M.); (B.A.W.)
| | - Bwalya A. Witika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- Correspondence: (P.A.M.); (B.A.W.)
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65
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García-Posadas L, Romero-Castillo I, Katsinas N, Krstić L, López-García A, Diebold Y. Characterization and functional performance of a commercial human conjunctival epithelial cell line. Exp Eye Res 2022; 223:109220. [PMID: 35985531 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The conjunctiva is a complex tissue that covers the eye beginning at the corneal limbus and extending over the inner surfaces of the eyelids. Due to its important functions in maintaining the health of the ocular surface, adequate in vitro models of conjunctival structure and function are essential to understand its roll in different pathologies. Because there is scarcity of human conjunctival tissue that can be used in research, cell lines are often the only option for initial studies. An immortalized human conjunctival epithelial cell (IM-HConEpiC) line is now commercially available; however, it is not very well characterized. In this study, we have developed a new protocol to culture these cells without the use of collagen-coated culture surfaces, but with a defined cell culture medium. We characterized IM-HConEpiCs cultured under these conditions and corroborated that the cells maintained a conjunctival epithelial phenotype, including acidic and neutral mucins, junctional proteins E-cadherin and zonula occludens 1, and expression of CK8 and CK19, among others. In addition, we analyzed the response to oxidative stress and inflammatory stimuli and found that IM-HConEpiCs respond as expected for conjunctival epithelial tissue. For instance, cells exposed to oxidative stress increased the production of reactive oxygen species, and that increase was blocked in the presence of an antioxidant agent. In addition, after stimulation with TNF-α, IM-HConEpiCs significantly increased the production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IP-10. Therefore, with this study we conclude that IM-HConEpiCs can be a useful tool in functional studies to determine the response of the conjunctiva to pathological conditions and/or to test new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura García-Posadas
- Ocular Surface Group, Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Ismael Romero-Castillo
- Ocular Surface Group, Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Nikolaos Katsinas
- Ocular Surface Group, Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Luna Krstić
- Ocular Surface Group, Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Antonio López-García
- Ocular Surface Group, Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Diebold
- Ocular Surface Group, Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Valladolid, Spain
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Abstract
Dry eye has become an increasingly prevalent public health issue for which there is currently no cure. Manuka honey possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that can be used to treat dry eye. The present study aimed to systematically review evidence supporting the treatment of dry eye with manuka honey and quantify this evidence via meta-analysis. Randomised clinical trials that fulfilled the inclusion criteria from database inception until 5 September 2021, were identified through online searches of seven databases, including but not limited to Embase, Medline, and Central. Changes between the point of longest follow-up and baseline subjective symptoms, tear film quality, ocular surface characteristics, adverse events, and compliance were selected for meta-analysis. A total of 288 adult participants with dry eye from five eligible randomised controlled trials were analysed. Compared with the control groups, treatment with manuka honey demonstrated a significant improvement in Ocular Surface Disease Index, Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness, tear evaporation rate, negative conversion rate of matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels, ocular surface staining, and daily use frequency of lubricant. No serious adverse events were reported, except for temporary stinging and redness, which were generally tolerated. This review found that manuka honey demonstrated promising results for the treatment of dry eye. However, limitations of the included studies and analytical methodology affect the reliability of this conclusion. Therefore, further high-quality randomised clinical trials are required to confirm the efficacy and safety of the use of manuka honey in the treatment of dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindong Hu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingwen Kong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sixing Zhu
- Institute of Science, Technology and Humanities of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mohan Ju
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianfu Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Yang C, Yang J, Lu A, Gong J, Yang Y, Lin X, Li M, Xu H. Nanoparticles in ocular applications and their potential toxicity. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:931759. [PMID: 35911959 PMCID: PMC9334523 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.931759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been developed rapidly in recent decades and widely applied in ocular disease therapy. Nano-drug delivery systems overcome the bottlenecks of current ophthalmic drug delivery and are characterized with strong biocompatibility, stability, efficiency, sustainability, controllability, and few side effects. Nanoparticles have been identified as a promising and generally safe ophthalmic drug-delivery system based on the toxicity assessment in animals. Previous studies have found that common nanoparticles can be toxic to the cornea, conjunctiva, and retina under certain conditions. Because of the species differences between humans and animals, advanced in vitro cell culture techniques, such as human organoids, can mimic the human organism to a certain extent, bringing nanoparticle toxicity assessment to a new stage. This review summarizes the advanced application of nanoparticles in ocular drug delivery and the potential toxicity, as well as some of the current challenges and future opportunities in nanotoxicological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Yang
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Junling Yang
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Ao Lu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanxing Yang
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Minghui Li, ; Haiwei Xu,
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Minghui Li, ; Haiwei Xu,
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68
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Singh N, Diebold Y, Sahu SK, Leonardi A. Epithelial barrier dysfunction in ocular allergy. Allergy 2022; 77:1360-1372. [PMID: 34757631 PMCID: PMC9300009 DOI: 10.1111/all.15174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial barrier is the first line of defense that forms a protective barrier against pathogens, pollutants, and allergens. Epithelial barrier dysfunction has been recently implicated in the development of allergic diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, and rhinitis. However, there is limited knowledge on epithelial barrier dysfunction in ocular allergy (OA). Since the ocular surface is directly exposed to the environment, it is important to understand the role of ocular epithelia and their dysfunction in OA. Impaired epithelial barrier enhances allergen uptake, which lead to activation of immune responses and development of chronic inflammation as seen in allergies. Abnormal expression of tight junction proteins that helps to maintain epithelial integrity has been reported in OA but sufficient data not available in chronic atopic (AKC) and vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), the pathophysiology of which is not just complex, but also the current treatments are not completely effective. This review provides an overview of studies, which indicates the role of barrier dysfunction in OA, and highlights how ocular barrier dysfunction possibly contributes to the disease pathogenesis. The review also explores the potential of ocular epithelial barrier repair strategies as preventive and therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neera Singh
- ProCyto Labs Pvt. Ltd. KIIT‐TBI KIIT University Patia, Bhubaneswar India
| | - Yolanda Diebold
- Ocular Surface Group Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA) Universidad de Valladolid Valladolid Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN) Valladolid Spain
| | - Srikant K. Sahu
- LV Prasad Eye Institute, Cornea and Anterior Segment, MTC Campus Patia, Bhubaneswar India
| | - Andrea Leonardi
- Ophthalmology Unit Department of Neuroscience University of Padova Padova Italy
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Lin PH, Jian HJ, Li YJ, Huang YF, Anand A, Huang CC, Lin HJ, Lai JY. Alleviation of dry eye syndrome with one dose of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and mucoadhesive lysine-carbonized nanogels. Acta Biomater 2022; 141:140-150. [PMID: 35081433 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Most dry eye syndromes (DES) are caused by oxidative stress and an overactive inflammatory response, leading to tear deficiency and excessive tear evaporation. Conventional eye drops for DES treatment require high doses and frequent administration due to their insufficient precorneal residence time. To overcome these problems, in this study, we have developed carbonized nanogels (CNGs) via the straightforward pyrolysis of lysine hydrochloride (Lys) to provide a long-lasting eye drop formulation for topical DES therapy. This methodology thermally converts Lys-into nitrogen-doped crosslinked polymers with embedded nanographitic structures, which enable efficient free radical scavenging. The cationic and crosslinked polymeric features of the Lys-CNGs also prolong the precorneal retention time and improve ocular bioavailability. These Lys-CNGs exhibit high biocompatibility with corneal epithelial cells both in vitro and in vivo, indicating their safety as eye drops. In a DES rabbit model, a single dose of Lys-CNGs (50 µg mL-1) can effectively alleviate the signs of DES within 4 days, whereas multiple treatments of 10-fold higher concentration of cyclosporine A are needed to achieve similar therapeutic effects (one dose every 12 h; 500 µg mL-1). The topical administration of Lys-CNGs enable a reduced therapeutic dose and extended dosing interval, thereby demonstrating a superior therapeutic efficacy compared to the commercial cyclosporine A eye drops. These Lys-CNGs, which exhibit significant free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory activity, high biocompatibility, and a remarkable ocular bioadhesive property, hold great potential as a long-lasting eye drop formulation for the treatment of dry eye disease. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Multifunctional nanobiomaterial-based eye drops can render an ideal pharmaceutical formulation for the treatment of a variety of ocular surface diseases. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the development of carbonized nanogels as topically administered therapeutics for alleviating dry eye syndrome (DES). We present evidence that the thermal transformation of lysine hydrochloride into carbonized nanogels (Lys-CNGs) endows superior antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and bioadhesive properties. While a single dose of Lys-CNGs (50 µg mL-1) is sufficient to relieve the symptoms of DES for 4 days, multiple treatments of 10-fold higher concentration of commercially available cyclosporine eye drops are needed to achieve similar therapeutic outcomes (one dose every 12 h; 500 µg mL-1), suggesting an effective and long-lasting ocular carbonized nanomedicine.
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70
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Lemos CN, da Silva LECM, Faustino JF, Fantucci MZ, Murashima ADAB, Adriano L, Alves M, Rocha EM. Oxidative Stress in the Protection and Injury of the Lacrimal Gland and the Ocular Surface: are There Perspectives for Therapeutics? Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:824726. [PMID: 35359431 PMCID: PMC8963457 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.824726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is a major disruption in the physiology of the lacrimal functional unit (LFU). Antioxidant enzymes have dual protective activities: antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Peroxidases have been indistinctly used as markers of the secretory activity of the LFU and implicated in the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of dry eye disease (DED), even though they comprise a large family of enzymes that includes lactoperoxidase (LPO) and glutathione peroxidase (GPO), among others. Assays to measure and correlate OS with other local LFU phenomena have methodological limitations. Studies implicate molecules and reactions involved in OS as markers of homeostasis, and other studies identify them as part of the physiopathology of diseases. Despite these conflicting concepts and observations, it is clear that OS is influential in the development of DED. Moreover, many antioxidant strategies have been proposed for its treatment, including calorie restriction to nutritional supplementation. This review offers a critical analysis of the biological mechanisms, diagnostic outcomes, drug use, dietary supplements, and life habits that implicate the influence of OS on DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Nunes Lemos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Camila Nunes Lemos,
| | - Lilian Eslaine Costa Mendes da Silva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Ferreira Faustino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Marina Zilio Fantucci
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Adriana de Andrade Batista Murashima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Leidiane Adriano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Monica Alves
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Melani Rocha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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Di Zazzo A, Coassin M, Surico PL, Bonini S. Age-related ocular surface failure: A narrative review. Exp Eye Res 2022; 219:109035. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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72
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Muz OE, Orhan C, Tuzcu M, Er B, Morde AA, Padigaru M, Ozercan IH, Sahin K. Protective Effect of Allyl Isothiocyanate in an Experimentally Induced Rat Model for Dry Eye Syndrome. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:704-714. [PMID: 35176939 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.2021538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM OF THE STUDY Growing evidence emphasizes the role of inflammation and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of Dry Eye Syndrome (DES). Concordantly, the importance of agents targeting the inflammatory cascade and oxidative stress in the treatment is also progressively increasing. Herein, the study has investigated the protective effects and underlying mechanism of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) on the ocular surface in a benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced dry eye rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of twenty-one Wistar albino rats were used to form the following three groups: Control, BAC, BAC + AITC. DES was established by topical application of BAC (four times daily for two weeks) in two groups, of which one group was treated with AITC (10 mg/kg BW daily oral dosage) for four weeks. Rats were monitored by dry eye diagnostic tests during the study period, and eventually, corneal tissues were used to evaluate for histopathologic analyzes and inflammatory and oxidative status. RESULTS A significant improvement was observed in various histopathologic and ophthalmologic findings, including tear volume, tear film integrity, ocular surface damage, ocular inflammatory signs, corneal thickness, and edema through AITC supplementation. AITC prominently balanced the inflammatory status and oxidative stress by lowering key proinflammatory mediators (NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) and increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH-Px). Also, levels of protective tear proteins, including Muc1, Muc4, and Muc5 were recovered with AITC supplementation. CONCLUSION AITC alleviates clinical and histopathologic signs related to DES. Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of AITC play a significant role in the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Ersin Muz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yunus Emre State Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Besir Er
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Xu J, Chen P, Zhao G, Wei S, Li Q, Guo C, Cao Q, Wu X, Di G. Copolymer micelle-administered melatonin ameliorates hyperosmolarity-induced ocular surface damage through regulating PINK1 mediated mitophagy. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:688-703. [PMID: 35179400 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.2022163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the role and mechanism of melatonin-loaded polymer polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethyleneglycol graft copolymer (PVCL-PVA-PEG) micelles (Mel-Mic) in dry eye disease (DED). METHODS In vitro, the apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in HCECs were analyzed by immunostaining and flow cytometry (FCM). The effect of Mel-Mic on autophagy and mitophagy was evaluated by immunostaining and western blots. PINK1 knockdown was analyzed by small interfering RNA (siRNA). In vivo, sodium fluorescein staining, tear secretion test, and periodic acid-schiff (PAS) staining were used to determine whether Mel-Mic can alleviate the severity of DED. Small molecule antagonists were pretreated to investigate whether melatonin type 1 and/or 2 receptors (MT1/MT2) mediate the effects of Mel-Mic. RESULTS Mel-Mic improved the solubility and biological activities of Mel in aqueous solutions. Treatment with Mel-Mic decreased the apoptosis of HCECs exposed to hyperosmotic medium, accompanied by downregulation of cleaved Caspase-3 and upregulation of Bcl-2. In addition, Mel-Mic application suppressed ROS overproduction, rescued mitochondrial function, and decreased the level of oxidative stress associated biomarkers (COX-2 and 4-HNE) in HCECs. Interestingly, HCECs treated with Mel-Mic exhibited increased levels of mitophagy markers (PINK1, PARKIN, Beclin 1 and LC3B) and restored impaired mitophagic flux under hyperosmolarity. While PINK1 knock down largely abolished its protective effects. In vivo, compared to vehicle group, topical Mel-Mic solution treated mice showed significantly improved clinical parameters, increased tear production and decreased goblet cells loss in a dose-dependent manner. Also, TEM assay revealed increased autophagosome number in the corneal epithelium of Mel-Mic group. Moreover, luzindole, a non-selective MT1/MT2 antagonist, but not 4-P-PDOT, a selective MT2 antagonist, blocked the protective effect of Mel-Mic. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that Mel-Mic ameliorates hyperosmolarity induced ocular surface damage via PINK1 mediated mitophagy and may represent an effective treatment for DED possibly through acting MT1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangfen Zhao
- Department of Medicine, The Liaocheng Third People's Hospital. Liaocheng, China
| | - Susu Wei
- School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiqi Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology. Qingdao, China
| | - Chuanlong Guo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology. Qingdao, China
| | - Qilong Cao
- Qingdao Haier Biotech Co.Ltd, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianggen Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology. Qingdao, China
| | - Guohu Di
- School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Chou YY, Chien JY, Ciou JW, Huang SP. The Protective Effects of n-Butylidenephthalide on Retinal Ganglion Cells during Ischemic Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042095. [PMID: 35216208 PMCID: PMC8877670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically, acute ischemic symptoms in the eyes are one of the main causes of vision loss, with the associated inflammatory response and oxidative stress being the key factors that cause injury. Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is the most common type of ischemic optic neuropathy (ION); however, there are still no effective or safe treatment options to date. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of n-butylidenephthalide (BP) treatment in an experimental NAION rodent model (rAION). BP (10 mg/kg) or PBS (control group) were administered on seven consecutive days in the rAION model. Rats were evaluated for visual function by flash visual evoked potentials (FVEPs) at 4 weeks after NAION induction. The retina and optic nerve were removed for histological examination after the rats were euthanized. The molecular machinery of BP treatment in the rAION model was analyzed using Western blotting. We discovered that BP effectively improves retinal ganglion cell survival rates by preventing apoptotic processes after AION induction and reducing the inflammatory response through which blood-borne macrophages infiltrate the optic nerve. In addition, BP significantly preserved the integrity of the myelin sheath in the rAION model, demonstrating that BP can prevent the development of demyelination. Our immunoblotting results revealed the molecular mechanism through which BP mitigates the neuroinflammatory response through inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Taken together, these results demonstrate that BP can be used as an exceptional neuroprotective agent for ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yau Chou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (Y.-Y.C.); (J.-W.C.)
| | - Jia-Ying Chien
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
| | - Jhih-Wei Ciou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (Y.-Y.C.); (J.-W.C.)
| | - Shun-Ping Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (Y.-Y.C.); (J.-W.C.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Taichung 472, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-8565-301 (ext. 2664)
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Martínez-Alberquilla I, Gasull X, Pérez-Luna P, Seco-Mera R, Ruiz-Alcocer J, Crooke A. Neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular trap components: Emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets for age-related eye diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 74:101553. [PMID: 34971794 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Age-related eye diseases, including dry eye, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy, represent a major global health issue based on their increasing prevalence and disabling action. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases will provide novel opportunities to reduce the burden of age-related eye diseases and improve eye health, contributing to sustainable development goals achievement. The impairment of neutrophil extracellular traps formation/degradation processes seems to be one of these mechanisms. These traps formed by a meshwork of DNA and neutrophil cytosolic granule proteins may exacerbate the inflammatory response promoting chronic inflammation, a pivotal cause of age-related diseases. In this review, we describe current findings that suggest the role of neutrophils and their traps in the pathogenesis of the above-mentioned age-related eye diseases. Furthermore, we discuss why these cells and their constituents could be biomarkers and therapeutic targets for dry eye, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. We also examine the therapeutic potential of some neutrophil function modulators and provide several recommendations for future research in age-related eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martínez-Alberquilla
- Department of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Clinical and Experimental Eye Research Group, UCM 971009, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Gasull
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Medical School, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez-Luna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Seco-Mera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Ruiz-Alcocer
- Department of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Clinical and Experimental Eye Research Group, UCM 971009, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Crooke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Clinical and Experimental Eye Research Group, UCM 971009, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Navel V, Sapin V, Henrioux F, Blanchon L, Labbé A, Chiambaretta F, Baudouin C, Dutheil F. Oxidative and antioxidative stress markers in dry eye disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:45-57. [PMID: 33938134 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the levels of oxidative stress markers and antioxidants in dry eye disease (DED) compared with healthy subject. METHOD The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases were searched on 10 January 2021 for studies reporting oxidative and antioxidative stress markers in DED and healthy controls. Main meta-analysis was stratified by type of biomarkers, type of samples (tears, conjunctival cells or biopsies), Sjögren's syndrome (SS) (patients with or without SS) and by geographical zones (Asia or Europe). RESULTS We included nine articles, for a total of 333 patients (628 eye samples) with DED and 165 healthy controls (451 eye samples). There is an overall increase in oxidative stress markers in DED compared with healthy controls (standard mean deviation = 2.39, 95% confidence interval 1.85-2.94), with a significant increase in lipid peroxide (1.90, 0.69-3.11), myeloperoxidase (2.17, 1.06-3.28), nitric oxide synthase 3 (2.52, 0.95-4.08), xanthine oxidase/oxidoreductase (2.41, 1.40-5.43), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE) (4.75, 1.67-7.84), malondialdehyde (3.00, 2.55-3.45) and reactive oxygen species (1.31, 0.94-1.68). Oxidative stress markers were higher in tears, conjunctival cells and conjunctival biopsies of DED than controls. Even if small number of studies were included for antioxidants, catalase seemed to be decreased in DED compared with healthy controls (-2.17, -3.00 to -1.34), with an increase of antioxidants in tears of DED patients without SS (1.13, 0.76-1.49). CONCLUSION Oxidative stress markers, and probably antioxidants, were dysregulated in DED, establishing a local oxidative environment in tears, conjunctival cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Navel
- University Hospital of Clermont‐Ferrand CHU Clermont‐Ferrand, Ophthalmology Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS UMR 6293 INSERM U1103 Genetic Reproduction and Development Laboratory (GReD) Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair Team Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Vincent Sapin
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS UMR 6293 INSERM U1103 Genetic Reproduction and Development Laboratory (GReD) Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair Team Clermont‐Ferrand France
- University Hospital of Clermont‐Ferrand CHU Clermont‐Ferrand, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Fanny Henrioux
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS UMR 6293 INSERM U1103 Genetic Reproduction and Development Laboratory (GReD) Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair Team Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Loïc Blanchon
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS UMR 6293 INSERM U1103 Genetic Reproduction and Development Laboratory (GReD) Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair Team Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Antoine Labbé
- Department of Ophthalmology III Quinze‐Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital IHU FOReSIGHT Paris France
- Sorbonne Université INSERM CNRS Institut de la Vision Paris France
- Department of Ophthalmology Ambroise Paré Hospital APHP Université de Versailles Saint‐Quentin en Yvelines Versailles France
| | - Frédéric Chiambaretta
- University Hospital of Clermont‐Ferrand CHU Clermont‐Ferrand, Ophthalmology Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS UMR 6293 INSERM U1103 Genetic Reproduction and Development Laboratory (GReD) Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair Team Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Department of Ophthalmology III Quinze‐Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital IHU FOReSIGHT Paris France
- Sorbonne Université INSERM CNRS Institut de la Vision Paris France
- Department of Ophthalmology Ambroise Paré Hospital APHP Université de Versailles Saint‐Quentin en Yvelines Versailles France
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS LaPSCo Physiological and Psychosocial Stress CHU Clermont‐Ferrand University Hospital of Clermont‐Ferrand, Preventive and Occupational Medicine Witty Fit Clermont‐Ferrand France
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Wang B, Zeng H, Zuo X, Yang X, Wang X, He D, Yuan J. TLR4-Dependent DUOX2 Activation Triggered Oxidative Stress and Promoted HMGB1 Release in Dry Eye. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:781616. [PMID: 35096875 PMCID: PMC8793023 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.781616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is one of the most common ocular surface diseases worldwide. DED has been characterized by excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), following significant corneal epithelial cell death and ocular surface inflammation. However, the key regulatory factor remains unclear. In this study, we tended to explore whether DUOX2 contributed to DED development and the underlying mechanism. Human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells were treated with hyperosmolarity, C57BL/6 mice were injected of subcutaneous scopolamine to imitate DED. Expression of mRNA was investigated by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Protein changes and distribution of DUOX2, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) were evaluated by western blot assays and immunofluorescence. Cell death was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and propidium iodide (PI) staining. Cellular ROS levels and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were analyzed by flow cytometry. RNA-seq and western blot assay indicated a significant increase of DUOX2 dependent of TLR4 activation in DED both in vitro and in vivo. Immunofluorescence revealed significant translocation of HMGB1 within corneal epithelial cells under hyperosmolar stress. Interestingly, after ablated DUOX2 expression by siRNA, we found a remarkable decrease of ROS level and recovered MMP in HCE cells. Moreover, knockdown of DUOX2 greatly inhibited HMGB1 release, protected cell viability and abolished inflammatory activation. Taken together, our data here suggest that upregulation of DUOX2 plays a crucial role in ROS production, thereafter, induce HMGB1 release and cell death, which triggers ocular surface inflammation in DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dalian He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Khanna RK, Catanese S, Emond P, Corcia P, Blasco H, Pisella PJ. Metabolomics and lipidomics approaches in human tears: A systematic review. Surv Ophthalmol 2022; 67:1229-1243. [PMID: 35093405 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The human tear film is at the interface between the ocular surface and the external environment. Although investigation has been hindered by its small volume, improvements in preanalytical and analytical methods have allowed the omics approach to represent an innovative biomarker search strategy. There is still a significant lack of standardization, representing a barrier for performing between-studies comparisons and transferring experimental findings into clinical use and trials. We summarize the preanalytical and analytical procedures, describe the biomarkers that can be found using the metabo-lipidomics approach, and provide our expert opinion for omics investigations in human tears. For this systematic review of 38 studies, we searched PubMed by combining Boolean operators with the following keywords: tear, metabolomic, lipidomic, -omics. The human tear metabo-lipidome has been well-characterized in normal individuals using high-resolution liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Lipid and metabolite profiles were influenced by ocular (e.g. dry eye disorders; Meibomian gland dysfunction; contact lens wear; glaucoma; keratoconus; pterygium) and systemic conditions (e.g. multiple sclerosis). Investigating the tear metabo-lipidome could improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of both ocular and systemic diseases, but also provide diagnostic as well as prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul K Khanna
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bretonneau University Hospital of Tours, France; UMR 1253, iBrain, Tours, Centre-Val de Loire, France
| | - Sophie Catanese
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bretonneau University Hospital of Tours, France; UMR 1253, iBrain, Tours, Centre-Val de Loire, France
| | - Patrick Emond
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Tours, Centre-Val de Loire, France; CHRU Tours, Nuclear medicine in vitro department, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Corcia
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Tours, Centre-Val de Loire, France; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Centre, Department of Neurology, CHRU Tours, France
| | - Hélène Blasco
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Tours, Centre-Val de Loire, France; CHRU Tours, Biochemistry and molecular biology department, Tours, France
| | - Pierre-Jean Pisella
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bretonneau University Hospital of Tours, France.
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Hsueh YJ, Chen YN, Tsao YT, Cheng CM, Wu WC, Chen HC. The Pathomechanism, Antioxidant Biomarkers, and Treatment of Oxidative Stress-Related Eye Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031255. [PMID: 35163178 PMCID: PMC8835903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important pathomechanism found in numerous ocular degenerative diseases. To provide a better understanding of the mechanism and treatment of oxidant/antioxidant imbalance-induced ocular diseases, this article summarizes and provides updates on the relevant research. We review the oxidative damage (e.g., lipid peroxidation, DNA lesions, autophagy, and apoptosis) that occurs in different areas of the eye (e.g., cornea, anterior chamber, lens, retina, and optic nerve). We then introduce the antioxidant mechanisms present in the eye, as well as the ocular diseases that occur as a result of antioxidant imbalances (e.g., keratoconus, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma), the relevant antioxidant biomarkers, and the potential of predictive diagnostics. Finally, we discuss natural antioxidant therapies for oxidative stress-related ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jen Hsueh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-N.C.); (Y.-T.T.); (W.-C.W.)
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ning Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-N.C.); (Y.-T.T.); (W.-C.W.)
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Tsao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-N.C.); (Y.-T.T.); (W.-C.W.)
| | - Chao-Min Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30012, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Chi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-N.C.); (Y.-T.T.); (W.-C.W.)
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-N.C.); (Y.-T.T.); (W.-C.W.)
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-328-1200 (ext. 7855); Fax: +886-3-328-7798
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Tian L, Wen Y, Li S, Zhang P, Wang Y, Wang J, Cao K, Du L, Wang N, Jie Y. Benefits and Safety of Astaxanthin in the Treatment of Mild-To-Moderate Dry Eye Disease. Front Nutr 2022; 8:796951. [PMID: 35096941 PMCID: PMC8792747 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.796951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of astaxanthin in the treatment of mild-to-moderate dry eye disease (DED) in middle-aged and elderly patients. Methods: 120 eyes of 60 middle-aged and elderly patients with mild-to-moderate DED were enrolled in this prospective, one-group, quasi-experimental study. Six milligram Astaxanthin tablets (Weihong Haematococcus Pluvialis Astaxanthin, Hangzhou Xinwei Low Carbon Technology R&D Co., Ltd., China) were administered orally, twice daily for 30 ± 2 days. History of eye diseases, treatment, systemic disease, and medication before the test were recorded. In addition, the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire, non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT), fluorescein break-up time (FBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) score, eyelid margin signs, meibomian gland (MG) expressibility, meibum quality, meibomian gland dropout (MGDR), Schirmer I test (SIt), tear meniscus height (TMH), bulbar conjunctiva congestion degree, blink frequency, incomplete blink rate, and thickness of tear film lipid layer were collected before treatment, 2 weeks after the initiation of treatment, and at the end of treatment. Visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior segment, fundus, discomfort symptoms and other adverse reactions were also monitored throughout the study to assess the safety. Results: OSDI score, NIBUT, BUT, CFS score, eyelid margin signs, MG expressibility, meibum quality, and blink frequency improved significantly to varying degrees after treatment compared with those before the treatment (P < 0.05), while TMH, SIt, conjunctival congestion, the thickness of tear film lipid layer, MGDR, incomplete blink rate, VA and IOP did not differ (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Oral administration of astaxanthin improves the symptoms and signs of middle-aged and elderly patients with mild-to-moderate DED.
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Das N, Menon NG, de Almeida LGN, Woods PS, Heynen ML, Jay GD, Caffery B, Jones L, Krawetz R, Schmidt TA, Dufour A. Proteomics Analysis of Tears and Saliva From Sjogren's Syndrome Patients. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:787193. [PMID: 34950038 PMCID: PMC8689002 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.787193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is characterized by dysfunctional mucous membranes and dysregulated moisture-secreting glands resulting in various symptoms, including dry mouth and dry eyes. Here, we wanted to profile and compare the tear and saliva proteomes of SS patients to healthy controls. Tear and saliva samples were collected and subjected to an isotopic dimethylation labeling shotgun proteomics workflow to identify alterations in protein levels. In tear samples, we identified 83 upregulated and 112 downregulated proteins. Pathway enrichment analysis of the changing proteins by Metascape identified leukocyte transendothelial migration, neutrophil degranulation, and post-translation protein phosphorylation in tears of SS patients. In healthy controls' tears, an enrichment for proteins related to glycolysis, amino acid metabolism and apoptotic signaling pathway were identified. In saliva, we identified 108 upregulated and 45 downregulated proteins. Altered pathways in SS patients' saliva included cornification, sensory perception to taste and neutrophil degranulation. In healthy controls' saliva, an enrichment for proteins related to JAK-STAT signaling after interleukin-12 stimulation, phagocytosis and glycolysis in senescence were identified. Dysregulated protease activity is implicated in the initiation of inflammation and immune cell recruitment in SS. We identified 20 proteases and protease inhibitors in tears and 18 in saliva which are differentially expressed between SS patients and healthy controls. Next, we quantified endogenous proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), a mucin-like glycoprotein, in tear wash and saliva samples via a bead-based immune assay. We identified decreased levels of PRG4 in SS patients' tear wash compared to normal samples. Conversely, in saliva, we found elevated levels of PRG4 concentration and visualized PRG4 expression in human parotid gland via immunohistological staining. These findings will improve our mechanistic understanding of the disease and changes in SS patients' protein expression will help identify new potential drug targets. PRG4 is among the promising targets, which we identified here, in saliva, for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabangshu Das
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nikhil G. Menon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Luiz G. N. de Almeida
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paige S. Woods
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Miriam L. Heynen
- Centre for Ocular Research and Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory D. Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | | | - Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Ocular Research and Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Roman Krawetz
- McCaig Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tannin A. Schmidt
- McCaig Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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The Differential Reactive Oxygen Species Production of Tear Neutrophils in Response to Various Stimuli In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312899. [PMID: 34884704 PMCID: PMC8657846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) invade the ocular surface during prolonged eye closure (sleep); these leukocytes are commonly referred as tear PMNs. PMNs contribute to homeostasis and possess an arsenal of inflammatory mediators to protect against pathogens and foreign materials. This study examined the ability of tear PMNs to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), an essential killing mechanism for PMNs which can lead to oxidative stress and imbalance. Cells were collected after sleep from healthy participants using a gentle eye wash. ROS production in stimulated (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or N-Formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)) and unstimulated tear PMNs was measured using luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence for 60 min. A high level of constitutive/spontaneous ROS production was observed in tear PMNs in the absence of any stimulus. While tear PMNs were able to produce ROS in response to PMA, they failed to appropriately respond to LPS and fMLP, although fMLP-stimulated tear PMNs generated ROS extracellularly in the first three minutes. Higher ROS generation was observed in isolated tear PMNs which may be due to priming from the magnetic bead cell separation system. The differential responses of tear PMNs in ROS generation provide further evidence of their potential inflammatory roles in ocular complications involving oxidative stress.
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Akcam HT, Erel O. Dynamic thiol disulphide homeostasis in patients with surfer's eye: a case-control study. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 42:653-659. [PMID: 34813011 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-02125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of pterygium is still unclear. However, abnormal thiol disulfide homeostasis levels are involved in the pathogenesis of various systemic or ocular diseases. We aim to analyze dynamic thiol disulphide homeostasis in patients suffering from conjunctival pterygium using a contemporary technique. METHODS Thirty-eight subjects suffering from pterygium and 35 age-gender matched healthy volunteers were recruited for the study. For each case, total thiol, disulfide and native thiol levels in blood were obtained. Additionally, the ratio of disulfide over total thiol, native thiol over total thiol and disulfide over native thiol were computed. RESULTS The level of median native thiol was lower in pterygium group (318.2 µmol/L vs. 333.4 µmol/L) and median disulfide was slightly higher in pterygium group (24.3 µmol/L vs. 22.8 µmol/L) compared to control group. Both disulfide over total thiol and disulfide over native thiol ratios were higher in pterygium group, ratio of native thiol over total thiol was found to be higher in control group. Nevertheless, none of those differences were statistically significant at 95% confidence level. Notably, correlation test pointed to a negative correlation both between pterygium grade and native thiol and between total thiol and pterygium grade in pterygium group (P = 0.03 and 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSION A negative correlation hinting that slightly weakened dynamic thiol disulphide homeostasis in subjects with pterygium, a local ocular disease. Further studies with larger sample sizes may shed light on this potential relationship and justify systemic antioxidant therapies in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanife Tuba Akcam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duzce University School of Medicine, Duzce, Turkey. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ozcan Erel
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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84
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Burgalassi S, Zucchetti E, Birindelli E, Tampucci S, Chetoni P, Monti D. Ocular Application of Oleuropein in Dry Eye Treatment: Formulation Studies and Biological Evaluation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111151. [PMID: 34832933 PMCID: PMC8619189 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Oleuropein is already known for its numerous pharmacological properties, but its activity in the ocular field has not yet been investigated. The study aims to verify a possible use of oleuropein (OLE)-based eye drops both in terms of efficacy in dry eye syndrome and stability in aqueous solution. Methods. OLE was co-precipitated with HP-β-cyclodextrin, and the obtained complex was encapsulated into liposomes prepared by hydration of a lipid film composed of Lipoid S100 and cholesterol with different pH buffer solutions. The hydrated vesicles were shrunk by ultrasonication or extrusion. The preparations were characterized from the physicochemical point of view by subjecting them to differential scanning calorimetry, ATR-FTIR, dynamic light scattering analysis, and microscopy. Subsequently, OLE protective activity against hyperosmotic and oxidative stress on rabbit corneal epithelial cells (RCE) was evaluated. Results. The liposomal vesicles obtained after extrusion showed a tendency towards greater encapsulation efficiency (up to 80.77%) compared to that obtained by sonication, and the liposomes hydrated in pH 5.5 solution tended to incapsulate more than the neutral ones. Ultrasonication produced two-dimensional populations of liposomes, the largest of which reached 2149 nm. On the contrary, the extruded liposomes showed homogeneous diameters of about 250 nm. Complexation with cyclodextrin and subsequent encapsulation in liposomes greatly increased the OLE stability in aqueous solution, especially at 4 °C and for the extruded formulations. OLE aqueous solution (OLE7.4-sol, reference) and neutral extruded liposomes (F7.4-e) were well tolerated on RCE cells. Moreover, OLE was able to control the effects of hyperosmolarity on ocular surface cells and to prevent oxidative stress-induced loss of cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susi Burgalassi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (E.Z.); (S.T.); (P.C.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Largo Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Erica Zucchetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (E.Z.); (S.T.); (P.C.)
| | - Elena Birindelli
- Fisiomed, Via Tosco Romagnola Ovest 210, Fornacette, 56012 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Silvia Tampucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (E.Z.); (S.T.); (P.C.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Largo Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Chetoni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (E.Z.); (S.T.); (P.C.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Largo Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (E.Z.); (S.T.); (P.C.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Largo Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-221-9662
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Volpe G, De Piano M, Mazzone G, Micera A, Bonini S, Modugno AC. Should we care about the ocular surface in the anophthalmic patient? Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 32:1924-1933. [PMID: 34617482 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211048803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess clinical and biomolecular changes of the conjunctival epithelium in anophthalmic patients wearing an ocular prosthesis. METHODS Thirty-five unilateral anophthalmic patients were enrolled. Patients with blepharitis, lid abnormalities, and topical/systemic medication affecting the ocular surface were excluded. Symptom Assessment in Dry Eye (SANDE) questionnaire and tear function test (Schirmer Test Type I) were recorded. Conjunctival inflammation and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) were graded in the anophthalmic side and fellow eye. Impression cytology sampling of the upper, lower tarsal, and posterior/bulbar conjunctiva from the anophthalmic socket were collected and compared to healthy controls. RESULTS Patients had significantly higher SANDE (p < 0.001), Schirmer I test (p = 0.004), conjunctival inflammation (p < 0.001), and MGD scores (p < 0.001) on the anophthalmic side compared to the fellow eye. Mucin 5AC, inflammatory markers (MMP-9, ICAM-1) expression (p < 0.001), and response to oxidative stress (NRF2-KEAP1 signaling pathway) (p < 0.05) were significantly upregulated in the posterior conjunctival surface in the anophthalmic socket. CONCLUSIONS Anophthalmic patients complained of more pronounced dry eye symptoms and presented more significant signs of inflammation and MGD on the anophthalmic side. The bulbar conjunctiva, behind the prosthesis, showed more significant hyperexpression of mucins, markers of inflammation, and increased response to oxidative stress compared to the tarsal conjunctiva. Patients wearing ocular prosthesis had signs of inflammation resembling dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Volpe
- Ophthalmology Operative Complex Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria De Piano
- Research and Development Laboratory for Biochemical, Molecular and Cellular Applications in Ophthalmological Sciences, IRCCS Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Micera
- Research and Development Laboratory for Biochemical, Molecular and Cellular Applications in Ophthalmological Sciences, IRCCS Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonini
- Ophthalmology Operative Complex Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
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Olive Pomace Phenolic Compounds Stability and Safety Evaluation: From Raw Material to Future Ophthalmic Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196002. [PMID: 34641545 PMCID: PMC8512844 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, increasing interest in olive pomace (OP) valorization aims to improve olive's industry sustainability. Interestingly, several studies propose a high-value application for OP extracts containing its main phenolic compounds, hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein, as therapy for ocular surface diseases. In this work, the stability and accessibility of OP total phenolic and flavonoid content, main representative compounds, and antioxidant activity were assessed under different pretreatment conditions. Among them, lyophilization and supercritical CO2 extraction were found to increase significantly most responses measured in the produced extracts. Two selected extracts (CONV and OPT3) were obtained by different techniques (conventional and pressurized liquid extraction); Their aqueous solutions were characterized by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Additionally, their safety and stability were evaluated according to EMA requirements towards their approval as ophthalmic products: their genotoxic effect on ocular surface cells and their 6-months storage stability at 4 different temperature/moisture conditions (CPMP/ICH/2736/99), together with pure hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein solutions. The concentration of hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein in pure or extract solutions was tracked, and possible degradation products were putatively identified by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein had different stability as standard or extract solutions, with oleuropein also showing different degradation profile. All compounds/extracts were safe for ophthalmic use at the concentrations tested.
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Li L, Jin R, Li Y, Yoon HS, Yoon HJ, Yoon KC. Effects of eye drops containing a mixture of 3% diquafosol sodium and tocopherol acetate (vitamin E) on the ocular surface of murine dry eye. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2021; 40:350-358. [PMID: 34496685 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2021.1973022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy of topical application of 3% diquafosol sodium (DQS) and tocopherol (TCP) acetate mixtures in a mouse model of experimental dry eye (EDE). METHODS After exposure to desiccating stress for 5 days, eye drops consisting of 3% DQS alone, 0.01% TCP alone, or 3% DQS and 0.005% or 0.01% TCP mixture were applied for the treatment of EDE. Tear volume, tear film break-up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining scores (CFSS), and tear film lipid layer grades (TFLLG) were measured at 0, 5 and 10 days after treatment. The 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay (DCFDA) for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for malondialdehyde (MDA), and flow cytometry for CD4 + interferon (IFN)-γ+ T cells were evaluated on the ocular surface at 10 days after treatment. In addition, levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and chemokine CC motif ligand 4 (CCL4) in the conjunctiva were measured using a multiplex immunobead assay, and conjunctival goblet cells were counted by periodic acid-Schiff staining at 10 days after treatment. RESULTS Both the TCP mixture groups indicated a significant improvement in TBUT, ROS production, and MDA concentrations compared to those in the DQS alone group. Furthermore, the 0.01% TCP mixture group also showed higher tear film lipid layer grades and conjunctival goblet cell density and lower corneal fluorescein staining scores, number of CD4 + IFN-γ+ T cells, and levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and CCL4 than the DQS alone group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Application of eye drops containing the mixture of DQS and TCP could stabilize the tear film lipid layer, improve TBUT and corneal epithelial damages, decrease ROS production, inflammatory molecules, and T cells, and increase conjunctival goblet cell density on the ocular surface. Topical DQS and TCP mixtures may have a greater therapeutic effect on clinical signs, oxidative damage, and inflammation of dry eye than DQS eye drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Rujun Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hee Su Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kyung Chul Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
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Navel V, Malecaze J, Pereira B, Baker JS, Malecaze F, Sapin V, Chiambaretta F, Dutheil F. Oxidative and antioxidative stress markers in keratoconus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:e777-e794. [PMID: 33354927 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the levels of oxidative stress markers and antioxidants in keratoconus compared to healthy subject. METHOD The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases were searched on 1st June 2020 for studies reporting oxidative and antioxidative stress markers in keratoconus and healthy controls. Main meta-analysis was stratified by type of biomarkers, type of samples (tears, cornea, aqueous humour and blood) and type of corneal samples (stromal cells, epithelium and endothelium). RESULTS We included 36 articles, for a total of 1328 keratoconus patients and 1208 healthy controls. There is an overall increase in oxidative stress markers in keratoconus compared with healthy controls (standard mean deviation (SMD) = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.55-1.33), with a significant increase in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (1.09, 0.41-1.78) and malondialdehyde (1.78, 0.83-2.73). There is an overall decrease in antioxidants in keratoconus compared with healthy controls (-0.63, -0.89 to -0.36), with a significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity/status (-1.65, -2.88 to -0.43), aldehyde/NADPH dehydrogenase (-0.77, -1.38 to -0.17), lactoferrin/transferrin/albumin (-1.92, -2.96 to -0.89) and selenium/zinc (-1.42, -2.23 to -0.61). Oxidative stress markers were higher in tears and in cornea of keratoconus than in aqueous humour, and antioxidants were decreased in tears, aqueous humour and blood without difference between sample type. Oxidative stress markers increased in stromal cells and antioxidants decreased in endothelium. CONCLUSION Oxidative stress markers and antioxidants were dysregulated in keratoconus, involving an imbalance of redox homeostasis in tears, cornea, aqueous humour and blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Navel
- Ophthalmology CHU Clermont‐Ferrand University Hospital of Clermont‐Ferrand Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Genetic Reproduction and Development Laboratory (GReD) Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair Team CNRS UMR 6293 INSERM U1103 Université Clermont Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Jean Malecaze
- Ophthalmology CHU Clermont‐Ferrand University Hospital of Clermont‐Ferrand Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Genetic Reproduction and Development Laboratory (GReD) Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair Team CNRS UMR 6293 INSERM U1103 Université Clermont Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Clinical Research and Innovation Direction CHU Clermont–Ferrand University Hospital of Clermont Ferrand Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong
| | - François Malecaze
- Ophthalmology Department Pierre‐Paul Riquet Hospital University Hospital of Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Vincent Sapin
- Genetic Reproduction and Development Laboratory (GReD) Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair Team CNRS UMR 6293 INSERM U1103 Université Clermont Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology CHU Clermont‐Ferrand University Hospital of Clermont‐Ferrand Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Frédéric Chiambaretta
- Ophthalmology CHU Clermont‐Ferrand University Hospital of Clermont‐Ferrand Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Genetic Reproduction and Development Laboratory (GReD) Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair Team CNRS UMR 6293 INSERM U1103 Université Clermont Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Preventive and Occupational Medicine CNRS, LaPSCo Physiological and Psychosocial Stress CHU Clermont‐Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne University Hospital of Clermont‐Ferrand Clermont‐Ferrand France
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Passos I, Almada SVE, Reis P. Astenopia digital em controladores de tráfego aéreo: diagnóstico e avaliação na Força Aérea Portuguesa. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2021. [DOI: 10.37039/1982.8551.20210024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Master A, Kontzias A, Huang L, Huang W, Tsioulias A, Zarabi S, Wolek M, Wollocko BM, Honkanen R, Rigas B. The transcriptome of rabbit conjunctiva in dry eye disease: Large-scale changes and similarity to the human dry eye. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254036. [PMID: 34324523 PMCID: PMC8321226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of dry eye disease (DED) remains largely unknown, accounting in part for the lack of successful treatments. We explored the pathophysiology of DED using a rabbit model of chronic DED induced with 3 weekly injections of Concanavalin A into the periorbital lacrimal glands. The transcriptome of full-thickness's conjunctival tissue from rabbits with DED and from normal controls was determined using microarrays and, as needed, confirmatory real-time polymerase chain reactions. Results were subjected to bioinformatic analysis. DED induced large-scale changes in gene transcription involving 5,184 genes (22% of the total). Differentially expressed genes could be segregated into: functional modules and clusters; altered pathways; functionally linked genes; and groups of individual genes of known or suspected pathophysiological relevance to DED. A common feature of these subgroups is the breadth and magnitude of the changes that encompass ocular immunology and essentially all aspects of cell biology. Prominent changes concerned innate and adaptive immune responses; ocular surface inflammation; at least 25 significantly altered signaling pathways; a large number of chemokines; cell cycle; and apoptosis. Comparison of our findings to the limited extant transcriptomic data from DED patients associated with either Sjogren's syndrome or non-Sjogren's etiologies revealed a significant correlation between human and rabbit DED transcriptomes. Our data, establishing the large-scale transcriptomic changes of DED and their potential similarity to the human, underscore the enormous complexity of DED; establish a robust animal model of DED; will help expand our understanding of its pathophysiology; and could guide the development of successful therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Master
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Apostolos Kontzias
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Liqun Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Medicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Setauket, New York, United States of America
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Anna Tsioulias
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Samaneh Zarabi
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael Wolek
- Renaissance Medical School, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Brian M. Wollocko
- Renaissance Medical School, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert Honkanen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Basil Rigas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
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Katsinas N, Rodríguez-Rojo S, Enríquez-de-Salamanca A. Olive Pomace Phenolic Compounds and Extracts Can Inhibit Inflammatory- and Oxidative-Related Diseases of Human Ocular Surface Epithelium. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071150. [PMID: 34356385 PMCID: PMC8301198 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative- and inflammatory-related ocular surface diseases have high prevalence and are an emerging issue in ophthalmology. Olive pomace (OP) is the olive oil's industry main by-product, and is potentially environmentally hazardous. Nevertheless, it contains phenolic compounds with important bioactivities, like oleuropein (OL) and hydroxytyrosol (HT). The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of four OP extracts (CONV, OPT(1-3)), pure OL and HT, and mixtures thereof were screened on human corneal (HCE) and conjunctival epithelial (IM-ConjEpi) cells. CONV was conventionally extracted, while OPT(1-3) were produced by pressurized liquid extraction. Thanks to their improved activity, CONV and OPT3 (HT-enriched) were selected for dose-dependent studies. Cells were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α or ultraviolet-B radiation, measuring interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17A as well as interferon γ-induced protein [IP]-10 secretion or intracellular ROS production, respectively. On HCE, both extracts and HT inhibited the secretion of most measured ILs, demonstrating a strong anti-inflammatory effect; while in IM-ConjEpi, all samples decreased IP-10 secretion. Moreover, HT, OL, and both extracts showed strong dose-dependent antioxidant activity in both cell lines. Compared with CONV, OPT3 was active at lower concentrations, demonstrating that intensified extraction techniques are selective towards targeted biomarkers. Hence, a high-value application as potential ocular surface therapy was proposed for the OP valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Katsinas
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), Campus Miguel Delibes, University of Valladolid (UVa), Paseo de Belén 17, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
- High Pressure Processes Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Engineering, University of Valladolid (UVa), Dr. Mergelina str., 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Soraya Rodríguez-Rojo
- High Pressure Processes Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Engineering, University of Valladolid (UVa), Dr. Mergelina str., 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Amalia Enríquez-de-Salamanca
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), Campus Miguel Delibes, University of Valladolid (UVa), Paseo de Belén 17, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-983-186-369
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Ishida K, Yako T, Tanaka M, Otsu W, Nakamura S, Shimazawa M, Tsusaki H, Hara H. Free-Radical Scavenger NSP-116 Protects the Corneal Epithelium against UV-A and Blue LED Light Exposure. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:937-946. [PMID: 34193689 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The corneal epithelium is continuously exposed to oxygen, light, and environmental substances. Excessive exposure to those stresses is thought to be a risk factor for eye diseases. Photokeratitis is damage to the corneal epithelium resulting in a painful eye condition caused by unprotected exposure to UV rays, usually from sunlight, and is often found in people who spend a long time outdoors. In modern life, human eyes are exposed to artificial light from light-emitting diode (LED) displays of computers and smartphones, and it has been shown that short-wavelength (blue) LED light can damage eyes, especially photoreceptors. However, the effect of blue LED light on the cornea is less understood. In addition, it is important to develop new treatments for preserving human eyesight and eye health from light stress. Here, we used human corneal epithelial cells-transformed (HCE-T) cells as an in-vitro model to investigate the protective effect of NSP-116, an imidazolyl aniline derivative, against the oxidative stress induced by light in the corneal epithelium. Treatment with 10 µM NSP-116 significantly increased the cell viability and reduced the death ratio following UV or blue LED light exposure. Furthermore, NSP-116 treatment decreased light-induced reactive oxygen species production and preserved the mitochondrial membrane potential. Immunoblotting data showed that NSP-116 suppressed the stress response pathway. Finally, NSP-116 treatment prevented corneal epithelial apoptosis induced by blue LED light in an in-vivo mouse model. In conclusion, NSP-116 has a protective effect against oxidative stress and corneal cell death from both UV and blue LED light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Ishida
- Department of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Tomohiro Yako
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Miruto Tanaka
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Wataru Otsu
- Department of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Shinsuke Nakamura
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Department of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Gifu Pharmaceutical University.,Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hideshi Tsusaki
- Department of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Department of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Gifu Pharmaceutical University.,Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
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93
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Martinez-Carrasco R, Argüeso P, Fini ME. Membrane-associated mucins of the human ocular surface in health and disease. Ocul Surf 2021; 21:313-330. [PMID: 33775913 PMCID: PMC8328898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mucins are a family of high molecular weight, heavily-glycosylated proteins produced by wet epithelial tissues, including the ocular surface epithelia. Densely-packed O-linked glycan chains added post-translationally confer the biophysical properties of hydration, lubrication, anti-adhesion and repulsion. Membrane-associated mucins (MAMs) are the distinguishing components of the mucosal glycocalyx. At the ocular surface, MAMs maintain wetness, lubricate the blink, stabilize the tear film, and create a physical barrier to the outside world. In addition, it is increasingly appreciated that MAMs function as cell surface receptors that transduce information from the outside to the inside of the cell. Recently, our team published a comprehensive review/perspectives article for molecular scientists on ocular surface MAMs, including previously unpublished data and analyses on two new genes MUC21 and MUC22, as well as new MAM functions and biological roles, comparing human and mouse (PMID: 31493487). The current article is a refocus for the audience of The Ocular Surface. First, we update the gene and protein information in a more concise form, and include a new section on glycosylation. Next, we discuss biological roles, with some new sections and further updating from our previous review. Finally, we provide a new chapter on MAM involvement in ocular surface disease. We end this with discussion of an emerging mechanism responsible for damage to the epithelia and their mucosal glycocalyces: the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR offers a novel target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Martinez-Carrasco
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine at New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Pablo Argüeso
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School at Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass, Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - M Elizabeth Fini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine at New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center: Program in Pharmacology & Drug Development, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, O2111, USA.
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94
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Iorio R, Petricca S, Luzi C, Bellio P, Cristiano L, Festuccia C, Amicosante G, Celenza G. Lactobacillus sakei Pro-Bio65 Reduces TNF-α Expression and Upregulates GSH Content and Antioxidant Enzymatic Activities in Human Conjunctival Cells. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:8. [PMID: 34111255 PMCID: PMC8107481 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.6.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The study investigates the regulatory effects exhibited by lysate of Lactobacillus sakei pro-Bio65 (4%; L.SK) on the human conjunctival epithelial (HCE) cell line. Methods Trypan blue and methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) methods were used to assess cell growth and viability. Mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed by JC-1 staining and cytofluorimetric detection methods. The antioxidant pattern and the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were analyzed by spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods. NF-κB luciferase activity was quantified by luminometric detection. NF-κB nuclear translocation, as well as mitochondrial morphology, were investigated by immunofluorescence using confocal microscopy. Cytokines and COX2 expression levels were determined by Western blot analyses. Results This study demonstrates that L.SK exposure does not influence HCE cell proliferation and viability in vitro. L.SK paraprobiotic induces mild-low levels of intracellular ROS. It is coupled to changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), in a context of a regular mitochondrial-network organization. The negative modulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expression levels and rising antioxidant defense efficiency, mediated by the upregulation of glutathione (GSH) and increased antioxidant enzymatic activities, were observed. Conclusions This study demonstrates that L.SK empowers the antioxidant endogenous efficiency of HCE cells, by the upregulation of the GSH content and the enzymatic antioxidant pattern, and concurrently reduces TNF-α protein expression. Translational Relevance Although the obtained in vitro results should be confirmed by in vivo investigations, our data suggest the possibility of L.SK paraprobiotic application for promoting eye health, exploring its use as an endogen antioxidant system inducer in preventing and treating different oxidative stress-based, inflammatory, and age-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Iorio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sabrina Petricca
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Carla Luzi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Bellio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Loredana Cristiano
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Festuccia
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Amicosante
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Celenza
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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95
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Han A, Schug ZT, Aplin AE. Metabolic Alterations and Therapeutic Opportunities in Rare Forms of Melanoma. Trends Cancer 2021; 7:671-681. [PMID: 34127435 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is derived from melanocytes located in multiple regions of the body. Cutaneous melanoma (CM) represents the major subgroup, but less-common subtypes including uveal melanoma (UM), mucosal melanoma (MM), and acral melanoma (AM) arise that have distinct genetic profiles. Treatments effective for CM are ineffective in UM, AM, and MM, and patient survival remains poor. As reprogrammed cancer metabolism is associated with tumorigenesis, the underlying mechanisms are well studied and provide therapeutic opportunities in many cancers; however, metabolism is less well studied in rarer melanoma subtypes. We summarize current knowledge of the metabolic alterations in rare melanoma and potential applications of targeting cancer metabolism to improve the therapeutic options available to UM, AM, and MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Han
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Zachary T Schug
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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96
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Musayeva A, Jiang S, Ruan Y, Zadeh JK, Chronopoulos P, Pfeiffer N, Müller WE, Ackermann M, Xia N, Li H, Gericke A. Aged Mice Devoid of the M 3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Develop Mild Dry Eye Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116133. [PMID: 34200187 PMCID: PMC8201107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The parasympathetic nervous system is critically involved in the regulation of tear secretion by activating muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Hence, various animal models targeting parasympathetic signaling have been developed to induce dry eye disease (DED). However, the muscarinic receptor subtype (M1–M5) mediating tear secretion remains to be determined. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that the M3 receptor subtype regulates tear secretion and to evaluate the ocular surface phenotype of mice with targeted disruption of the M3 receptor (M3R−/−). The experimental techniques included quantification of tear production, fluorescein staining of the ocular surface, environmental scanning electron microscopy, assessment of proliferating cells in the corneal epithelium and of goblet cells in the conjunctiva, quantification of mRNA for inflammatory cytokines and prooxidant redox enzymes and quantification of reactive oxygen species. Tear volume was reduced in M3R−/− mice compared to age-matched controls at the age of 3 months and 15 months, respectively. This was associated with mild corneal epitheliopathy in the 15-month-old but not in the 3-month-old M3R−/− mice. M3R−/− mice at the age of 15 months also displayed changes in corneal epithelial cell texture, reduced conjunctival goblet cell density, oxidative stress and elevated mRNA expression levels for inflammatory cytokines and prooxidant redox enzymes. The findings suggest that the M3 receptor plays a pivotal role in tear production and its absence leads to ocular surface changes typical for DED at advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aytan Musayeva
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.J.); (Y.R.); (J.K.Z.); (P.C.); (N.P.)
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (A.G.); Tel.: +49-613-117-8276 (A.G.)
| | - Subao Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.J.); (Y.R.); (J.K.Z.); (P.C.); (N.P.)
| | - Yue Ruan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.J.); (Y.R.); (J.K.Z.); (P.C.); (N.P.)
| | - Jenia Kouchek Zadeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.J.); (Y.R.); (J.K.Z.); (P.C.); (N.P.)
| | - Panagiotis Chronopoulos
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.J.); (Y.R.); (J.K.Z.); (P.C.); (N.P.)
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.J.); (Y.R.); (J.K.Z.); (P.C.); (N.P.)
| | - Werner E.G. Müller
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 13, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Ning Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.X.); (H.L.)
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.X.); (H.L.)
| | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.J.); (Y.R.); (J.K.Z.); (P.C.); (N.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (A.G.); Tel.: +49-613-117-8276 (A.G.)
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97
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Ogawa Y, Kawakami Y, Tsubota K. Cascade of Inflammatory, Fibrotic Processes, and Stress-Induced Senescence in Chronic GVHD-Related Dry Eye Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116114. [PMID: 34204098 PMCID: PMC8201206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Ocular GVHD affects recipients' visual function and quality of life. Recent advanced research in this area has gradually attracted attention from a wide range of physicians and ophthalmologists. This review highlights the mechanism of immune processes and the molecular mechanism, including several inflammation cascades, pathogenic fibrosis, and stress-induced senescence related to ocular GVHD, in basic spectrum topics in this area. How the disease develops and what kinds of cells participate in ocular GVHD are discussed. Although the classical immune process is a main pathological pathway in this disease, senescence-associated changes in immune cells and stem cells may also drive this disease. The DNA damage response, p16/p21, and the expression of markers associated with the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) are seen in ocular tissue in GVHD. Macrophages, T cells, and mesenchymal cells from donors or recipients that increasingly infiltrate the ocular surface serve as the source of increased secretion of IL-6, which is a major SASP driver. Agents capable of reversing the changes, including senolytic reagents or those that can suppress the SASP seen in GVHD, provide new potential targets for the treatment of GVHD. Creating innovative therapies for ocular GVHD is necessary to treat this intractable ocular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ogawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3353-1211
| | - Yutaka Kawakami
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba 286-8686, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
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98
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Lin X, Wu X, Chen X, Wang B, Xu W. Intellective and stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems in eyes. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120591. [PMID: 33845152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems have attracted widespread attention in recent years since they can control drug release in a spatiotemporal manner and can achieve tunable drug release according to patient's physiological or pathological condition. In this review, we briefly introduce the drug delivery barriers and drug delivery systems in the anterior and posterior segment of eyes, and collect the recent advances in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems in eyes for controlled drug release in response to exogenous stimuli (ultrasound, magnetic stimulus, electrical stimulus, and light) or endogenous stimuli (enzyme, active oxygen species, temperature, ions, and pH). In addition, the design and mechanisms of the stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems have been summarized in this review, and the advantages and limitations are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Lin
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Xingdi Wu
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Ben Wang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China.
| | - Wen Xu
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Sjögren syndrome (SS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the lacrimal and salivary glands. Salivary gland biopsy is still one of the most valuable and acceptable diagnostic tests for SS, which however, is an invasive test. Therefore, noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers with high specificity and sensitivity are required for the diagnosis and assessment of SS. Because ophthalmological testing constitutes to an important part for the diagnosis of SS. Tears harbor biomarkers with a high potential to be used for differential diagnosis and assessment of treatment in many systemic disorders, including SS. This review aims to summarize recent advances in the identification of tear biomarkers of SS, trying to identify reliable, sensitive, and specific biomarkers that can be used to guide treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Simsek
- Department of Ophthalmology (C.S.), Mugla Sitki Kocman University School of Medicine, Mugla, Turkey ; and Department of Ophthalmology (M.D.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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100
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Galletti JG, de Paiva CS. The ocular surface immune system through the eyes of aging. Ocul Surf 2021; 20:139-162. [PMID: 33621658 PMCID: PMC8113112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the last century, advances in healthcare, housing, and education have led to an increase in life expectancy. Longevity is accompanied by a higher prevalence of age-related diseases, such as cancer, autoimmunity, diabetes, and infection, and part of this increase in disease incidence relates to the significant changes that aging brings about in the immune system. The eye is not spared by aging either, presenting with age-related disorders of its own, and interestingly, many of these diseases have immune pathophysiology. Being delicate organs that must be exposed to the environment in order to capture light, the eyes are endowed with a mucosal environment that protects them, the so-called ocular surface. As in other mucosal sites, immune responses at the ocular surface need to be swift and potent to eliminate threats but are at the same time tightly controlled to prevent excessive inflammation and bystander damage. This review will detail how aging affects the mucosal immune response of the ocular surface as a whole and how this process relates to the higher incidence of ocular surface disease in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremias G Galletti
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX), CONICET-National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Cintia S de Paiva
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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