51
|
Debnath N, Kumar A, Yadav AK. Probiotics as a biotherapeutics for the management and prevention of respiratory tract diseases. Microbiol Immunol 2022; 66:277-291. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nabendu Debnath
- Centre for Molecular Biology Central University of Jammu Samba 181143 Jammu and Kashmir (UT) India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Nutrition Biology Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh Jant‐Pali 123031 Haryana India
| | - Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Centre for Molecular Biology Central University of Jammu Samba 181143 Jammu and Kashmir (UT) India
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Fukuda K. Networks of CD8+ T Cell Response Activation in Melanoma and Vitiligo. Front Immunol 2022; 13:866703. [PMID: 35432377 PMCID: PMC9011047 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.866703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer derived from melanocyte, which shows high response rate to cancer immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disease resulting from the destruction of melanocytes by autoreactive CD8+ T cells. Vitiligo induced by cancer immunotherapy is a favorable prognostic factor in patients with melanoma, and growing evidence supports the fact that melanocyte/melanoma-shared antigen (MSA)-specific CD8+ T cells infiltrated in the tumor (melanoma) and skin (vitiligo) microenvironment play pivotal roles in the prognosis of both diseases. Thus, cellular communications that promote MSA-specific CD8+ T cells recruitment, proliferation, and effector functions are now seen as key targets to enhance the efficacy of current therapies for both diseases. Here, we discussed recent advancements in illustrating immune signaling pathways and immune cell types that regulate migration, proliferation, and function of MSA-specific CD8+ T cells in melanoma and vitiligo; and future immunotherapeutic approaches that may enhance clinical outcomes of both diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Fukuda
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Skin Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Keitaro Fukuda,
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Cubitt CC, McClain E, Becker-Hapak M, Foltz JA, Wong P, Wagner JA, Neal CC, Marin ND, Marsala L, Foster M, Schappe T, Soon-Shiong P, Lee J, Berrien-Elliott MM, Fehniger TA. A novel fusion protein scaffold 18/12/TxM activates the IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 receptors to induce human memory-like natural killer cells. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:585-596. [PMID: 35284622 PMCID: PMC8889352 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic innate lymphoid cells that are emerging as a cellular immunotherapy for various malignancies. NK cells are particularly dependent on interleukin (IL)-15 for their survival, proliferation, and cytotoxic function. NK cells differentiate into memory-like cells with enhanced effector function after a brief activation with IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18. N-803 is an IL-15 superagonist composed of an IL-15 mutant (IL-15N72D) bound to the sushi domain of IL-15Rα fused to the Fc region of IgG1, which results in physiological trans-presentation of IL-15. Here, we describe the creation of a novel triple-cytokine fusion molecule, 18/12/TxM, using the N-803 scaffold fused to IL-18 via the IL-15N72D domain and linked to a heteromeric single-chain IL-12 p70 by the sushi domain of the IL-15Rα. This molecule displays trispecific cytokine activity through its binding and signaling through the individual cytokine receptors. Compared with activation with the individual cytokines, 18/12/TxM induces similar short-term activation and memory-like differentiation of NK cells on both the transcriptional and protein level and identical in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity. Thus, N-803 can be modified as a functional scaffold for the creation of cytokine immunotherapies with multiple receptor specificities to activate NK cells for adoptive cellular therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celia C Cubitt
- Washington University School of Medicine, 425 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8007, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ethan McClain
- Washington University School of Medicine, 425 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8007, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michelle Becker-Hapak
- Washington University School of Medicine, 425 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8007, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jennifer A Foltz
- Washington University School of Medicine, 425 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8007, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Pamela Wong
- Washington University School of Medicine, 425 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8007, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Julia A Wagner
- Washington University School of Medicine, 425 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8007, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carly C Neal
- Washington University School of Medicine, 425 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8007, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nancy D Marin
- Washington University School of Medicine, 425 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8007, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lynne Marsala
- Washington University School of Medicine, 425 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8007, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mark Foster
- Washington University School of Medicine, 425 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8007, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Timothy Schappe
- Washington University School of Medicine, 425 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8007, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - John Lee
- ImmunityBio, Culver City, CA 90232, USA
| | - Melissa M Berrien-Elliott
- Washington University School of Medicine, 425 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8007, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Todd A Fehniger
- Washington University School of Medicine, 425 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8007, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Isabelle C, Boles A, Chakravarti N, Porcu P, Brammer J, Mishra A. Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia. Front Oncol 2022; 12:849917. [PMID: 35359386 PMCID: PMC8960188 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.849917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Large granular lymphocytic leukemia (LGLL) is a lymphoproliferative disorder of older adults characterized by the clonal expansion of cytotoxic T/natural killer cells due to constitutive pro-survival signaling. In recent years, it has become clear that cytokines and their receptors are aberrantly expressed in LGLL cells. The exact initiation process of LGLL is unknown, although several cytokine-driven mechanisms have emerged. Elevated levels of several cytokines, including interleukin-15 (IL-15) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), have been described in LGLL patients. Evidence from humans and animal models has shown that cytokines may also contribute to the co-occurrence of a wide range of autoimmune diseases seen in patients with LGLL. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the link between cytokines and pro-survival signaling in LGLL and to discuss the various strategies and research approaches that are being utilized to study this link. This review will also highlight the importance of cytokine-targeted therapeutics in the treatment of LGLL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Isabelle
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Amy Boles
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nitin Chakravarti
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Pierluigi Porcu
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jonathan Brammer
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Anjali Mishra
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Anjali Mishra,
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Lobo N, Martini A, Kamat AM. Evolution of immunotherapy in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:361-370. [PMID: 35212590 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2046466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunotherapy with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been the gold standard treatment for intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) for nearly half a century. Yet, many patients with high-risk disease will experience recurrence, including those who progress and eventually become unresponsive to BCG. For decades, apart from radical cystectomy, few therapeutic options existed for this at-risk population. However, the advent of novel immunotherapeutic agents has transformed treatment in a range of tumour types, including urothelial carcinoma. These immunotherapies have yielded promising results in the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma and, as such, are also being investigated for use in NIMIBC. AREAS COVERED This article provides an overview of the evolution of immunotherapy for NMIBC, beginning from the original immunotherapy- BCG - to current agents including checkpoint inhibitors, IL-15 agonists, viral gene therapies and therapeutic cancer vaccines. EXPERT OPINION The KEYNOTE-057 trial represented a pivotal moment for immunotherapy in NMIBC, but patient selection and the development of biomarkers to guide the identification of patients who will benefit most from a particular immunotherapy remains critical. As research efforts come to fruition, novel immunotherapies may become integrated into the standard treatment paradigm for intermediate- and high-risk NMBIC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niyati Lobo
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alberto Martini
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ashish M Kamat
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Koper-Lenkiewicz OM, Sutkowska K, Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek N, Kowalewska E, Matowicka-Karna J. Proinflammatory Cytokines (IL-1, -6, -8, -15, -17, -18, -23, TNF-α) Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Rheumatoid Arthritis-A Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042106. [PMID: 35216226 PMCID: PMC8878005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Conducted studies highlight that a mixture of genetic and environmental factors is responsible for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) development. This study aimed to analyze the available literature for the relationship between, on the one hand, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the proinflammatory cytokines genes interleukin-1 (IL-1), -6, -8, -15, -17, -18, and -23, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and on the other hand, RA susceptibility, severity, and patients' response to applied treatment. The PubMed database was searched for sources. Preference was given to articles which were published within the past 20 years. Data indicate that the relationship between selected SNPs in proinflammatory cytokines genes and susceptibility to developing RA is inconclusive, and it depends on the ethnicity of the population. Although the allelic and genotypic frequencies of many SNPs in proinflammatory cytokines genes analyzed did not differ between RA patients and healthy controls, deeper analysis showed that these polymorphisms have a relationship with clinicopathological features of RA. SNPs in proinflammatory cytokines genes also "modify patients' response" to applied treatment. Further studies, on larger cohorts of subjects and in different populations, should be conducted to elucidate the role of SNPs in IL-1, -6, -8, -15, -17, -18, and -23, and TNF-α genes in RA patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga M. Koper-Lenkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Białystok, Poland; (K.S.); (E.K.); (J.M.-K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kinga Sutkowska
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Białystok, Poland; (K.S.); (E.K.); (J.M.-K.)
| | - Natalia Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Białystok, Poland;
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Kowalewska
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Białystok, Poland; (K.S.); (E.K.); (J.M.-K.)
| | - Joanna Matowicka-Karna
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Białystok, Poland; (K.S.); (E.K.); (J.M.-K.)
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
da Silva LHR, Catharino LCC, da Silva VJ, Evangelista GCM, Barbuto JAM. The War Is on: The Immune System against Glioblastoma—How Can NK Cells Drive This Battle? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020400. [PMID: 35203609 PMCID: PMC8962431 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that play an important role in immunosurveillance, acting alongside other immune cells in the response against various types of malignant tumors and the prevention of metastasis. Since their discovery in the 1970s, they have been thoroughly studied for their capacity to kill neoplastic cells without the need for previous sensitization, executing rapid and robust cytotoxic activity, but also helper functions. In agreement with this, NK cells are being exploited in many ways to treat cancer. The broad arsenal of NK-based therapies includes adoptive transfer of in vitro expanded and activated cells, genetically engineered cells to contain chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-NKs), in vivo stimulation of NK cells (by cytokine therapy, checkpoint blockade therapies, etc.), and tumor-specific antibody-guided NK cells, among others. In this article, we review pivotal aspects of NK cells’ biology and their contribution to immune responses against tumors, as well as providing a wide perspective on the many antineoplastic strategies using NK cells. Finally, we also discuss those approaches that have the potential to control glioblastoma—a disease that, currently, causes inevitable death, usually in a short time after diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Henrique Rodrigues da Silva
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508000, Brazil; (L.H.R.d.S.); (L.C.C.C.); (V.J.d.S.); (G.C.M.E.)
| | - Luana Correia Croda Catharino
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508000, Brazil; (L.H.R.d.S.); (L.C.C.C.); (V.J.d.S.); (G.C.M.E.)
| | - Viviane Jennifer da Silva
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508000, Brazil; (L.H.R.d.S.); (L.C.C.C.); (V.J.d.S.); (G.C.M.E.)
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapy in Onco-Immuno-Hematology (LIM-31), Departamento de Hematologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 0124690, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Coeli Menezes Evangelista
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508000, Brazil; (L.H.R.d.S.); (L.C.C.C.); (V.J.d.S.); (G.C.M.E.)
| | - José Alexandre Marzagão Barbuto
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508000, Brazil; (L.H.R.d.S.); (L.C.C.C.); (V.J.d.S.); (G.C.M.E.)
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapy in Onco-Immuno-Hematology (LIM-31), Departamento de Hematologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 0124690, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-3091-7375
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Yoshida S, Fujimoto T, Takahashi T, Sugimoto K, Akasaka H, Tanaka M, Huang Y, Yasunobe Y, Xie K, Ohnishi Y, Minami T, Takami Y, Yamamoto K, Rakugi H. IL-15RA regulates IL-15 localization and protein expression in skeletal muscle cells. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:222-232. [PMID: 35100657 DOI: 10.1113/ep090205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? How are the dynamics of IL-15 and its receptors altered during the differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes, and how is IL-15 regulated? What is the main finding and its importance? ABSTRACT Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a myokine in the Interleukin-2 (IL-2) family that is generated in the skeletal muscle during exercise. The functional effect of IL-15 involves muscle regeneration and metabolic regulation in skeletal muscle. Reports have indicated that the mechanism of Interleukin-15 receptor subunit alpha (IL-15RA) regulates IL-15 localization in immune cells. However, the dynamic of IL-15 and its receptors, which regulate the IL-15 pathway in skeletal muscle differentiation, have not yet been clarified. This study investigated the mechanism of IL-15 regulation using a mouse skeletal muscle cell line, C2C12 cells. We found that the mRNA expression of IL-15, Interleukin 2 Receptor Subunit Beta (IL-2RB) (CD122), and Interleukin 2 Receptor Subunit Gamma (IL-2RG) (CD132) increased, but that IL-15RA exhibits different kinetics as differentiation progresses. We also found that IL-15, mainly localized in the cytosol, preassembled with IL-15RA in the cytosol and fused to the plasma membrane. Moreover, IL-15RA increased IL-15 protein levels. Our findings suggest that genes comprising the IL-15 signaling complex are enhanced with the differentiation of myotubes and that IL-15RA regulates the protein kinetics of IL-15 signaling in skeletal muscle. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shino Yoshida
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taku Fujimoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Toshimasa Takahashi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken Sugimoto
- Department of General and Geriatric Medicine, Kawasaki Medical University, Okayama, 700-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akasaka
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanaka
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Health Science University, Osaka, 530-0043, Japan
| | - Yibin Huang
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yasunobe
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keyu Xie
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuri Ohnishi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Minami
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoichi Takami
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koichi Yamamoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Kim TS, Rha MS, Shin EC. IFN-γ Induces IL-15 Trans-Presentation by Epithelial Cells via IRF1. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:338-346. [PMID: 34893528 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-15 exhibits pleiotropic effects on NK and CD8+ T cells and contributes to host protection or immunopathology during infection. Although both type I IFNs and IFN-γ upregulate IL-15 expression, their effects on IL-15 upregulation and underlying mechanisms have not been compared comprehensively. In addition, little is known about trans-presentation of IL-15 by epithelial cells to lymphocytes. In this study, we analyzed the expression of IL-15 and IL-15Rα in the human hepatocyte-derived Huh-7 cell line after stimulation with IFN-α, IFN-β, or IFN-γ using RT-PCR, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy. We also performed knockdown experiments to investigate the signaling pathway involved in IL-15 upregulation. IFN-γ more potently upregulated IL-15 expression in Huh-7 cells than IFN-α and IFN-β. Knockdown experiments revealed that IFN-γ- and IFN-β-induced IL-15 expression relied on IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), which is upregulated by STAT1 and IFN-stimulated gene factor 3, respectively. Inhibitor of κB kinase α/β was also involved in IFN-γ-induced upregulation of IL-15. Furthermore, human NK cells were activated by coculture with IFN-γ-treated Huh-7 cells, which was abrogated by knocking down IL-15Rα in IFN-γ-treated Huh-7 cells, indicating that IFN-γ-induced IL-15 on Huh-7 cells activates NK cells via trans-presentation. In summary, our data demonstrate that IFN-γ potently elicits IL-15 trans-presentation by epithelial cells via IRF1. These data also suggest that the IFN-γ-IRF1-IL-15 axis may be a regulatory target for the treatment of diseases with IL-15 dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Shin Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Rha
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; .,The Center for Epidemic Preparedness, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Sandovici I, Georgopoulou A, Pérez-García V, Hufnagel A, López-Tello J, Lam BYH, Schiefer SN, Gaudreau C, Santos F, Hoelle K, Yeo GSH, Burling K, Reiterer M, Fowden AL, Burton GJ, Branco CM, Sferruzzi-Perri AN, Constância M. The imprinted Igf2-Igf2r axis is critical for matching placental microvasculature expansion to fetal growth. Dev Cell 2022; 57:63-79.e8. [PMID: 34963058 PMCID: PMC8751640 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In all eutherian mammals, growth of the fetus is dependent upon a functional placenta, but whether and how the latter adapts to putative fetal signals is currently unknown. Here, we demonstrate, through fetal, endothelial, hematopoietic, and trophoblast-specific genetic manipulations in the mouse, that endothelial and fetus-derived IGF2 is required for the continuous expansion of the feto-placental microvasculature in late pregnancy. The angiocrine effects of IGF2 on placental microvasculature expansion are mediated, in part, through IGF2R and angiopoietin-Tie2/TEK signaling. Additionally, IGF2 exerts IGF2R-ERK1/2-dependent pro-proliferative and angiogenic effects on primary feto-placental endothelial cells ex vivo. Endothelial and fetus-derived IGF2 also plays an important role in trophoblast morphogenesis, acting through Gcm1 and Synb. Thus, our study reveals a direct role for the imprinted Igf2-Igf2r axis on matching placental development to fetal growth and establishes the principle that hormone-like signals from the fetus play important roles in controlling placental microvasculature and trophoblast morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ionel Sandovici
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK; Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.
| | - Aikaterini Georgopoulou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Vicente Pérez-García
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonia Hufnagel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK
| | - Jorge López-Tello
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Brian Y H Lam
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Samira N Schiefer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK
| | - Chelsea Gaudreau
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Fátima Santos
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Katharina Hoelle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK
| | - Giles S H Yeo
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Keith Burling
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Moritz Reiterer
- Physiological Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Abigail L Fowden
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Graham J Burton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Cristina M Branco
- Physiological Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Miguel Constância
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK; Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
The Role of Interleukins in the Pathogenesis of Dermatological Immune-Mediated Diseases. Adv Ther 2022; 39:4474-4508. [PMID: 35997892 PMCID: PMC9395905 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-022-02241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune inflammatory diseases are primarily characterized by deregulated expression of cytokines, which drive pathogenesis of these diseases. A number of approved and experimental therapies utilize monoclonal antibodies against cytokine proteins. Cytokines can be classified into different families including the interleukins, which are secreted and act on leukocytes, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, as well as chemokine proteins. In this review article, we focus on the interleukin family of cytokines, of which 39 members have been identified to this date. We outline the role of each of these interleukins in the immune system, and various dermatological inflammatory diseases with a focused discussion on the pathogenesis of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. In addition, we describe the roles of various interleukins in psychiatric, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal comorbidities. Finally, we review clinical efficacy and safety data from emerging late-phase anti-interleukin therapies under development for psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Collectively, additional fundamental and clinical research remains necessary to fully elucidate the roles of various interleukin proteins in the pathogenesis of inflammatory dermatologic diseases, and treatment outcomes in patients.
Collapse
|
62
|
Sana M, Rashid M, Rashid I, Akbar H, Gomez-Marin JE, Dimier-Poisson I. Immune response against toxoplasmosis-some recent updates RH: Toxoplasma gondii immune response. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:3946320221078436. [PMID: 35227108 PMCID: PMC8891885 DOI: 10.1177/03946320221078436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cytokines, soluble mediators of immunity, are key factors of the innate and adaptive immune system. They are secreted from and interact with various types of immune cells to manipulate host body's immune cell physiology for a counter-attack on the foreign body. A study was designed to explore the mechanism of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) resistance from host immune response. METHODS AND RESULTS The published data on aspect of host (murine and human) immune response against T. gondii was taken from Google scholar and PubMed. Most relevant literature was included in this study. The basic mechanism of immune response starts from the interactions of antigens with host immune cells to trigger the production of cytokines (pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory) which then act by forming a cytokinome (network of cytokine). Their secretory equilibrium is essential for endowing resistance to the host against infectious diseases, particularly toxoplasmosis. A narrow balance lying between Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines (as demonstrated until now) is essential for the development of resistance against T. gondii as well as for the survival of host. Excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines leads to tissue damage resulting in the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines which enhances the proliferation of Toxoplasma. Stress and other infectious diseases (human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)) that weaken the host immunity particularly the cellular component, make the host susceptible to toxoplasmosis especially in pregnant women. CONCLUSION The current review findings state that in vitro harvesting of IL12 from DCs, Np and MΦ upon exposure with T. gondii might be a source for therapeutic use in toxoplasmosis. Current review also suggests that therapeutic interventions leading to up-regulation/supplementation of SOCS-3, IL12, and IFNγ to the infected host could be a solution to sterile immunity against T. gondii infection. This would be of interest particularly in patients passing through immunosuppression owing to any reason like the ones receiving anti-cancer therapy, the ones undergoing immunosuppressive therapy for graft/transplantation, the ones suffering from immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or having AIDS. Another imortant suggestion is to launch the efforts for a vaccine based on GRA6Nt or other similar antigens of T. gondii as a probable tool to destroy tissue cysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Sana
- Department of Parasitology, 66920University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rashid
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 66920The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Imran Rashid
- Department of Parasitology, 66920University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Akbar
- Department of Parasitology, 66920University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jorge E Gomez-Marin
- Grupo Gepamol, Centro de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad del Quindio, Armenia, CO, South America
| | - Isabelle Dimier-Poisson
- Université de Tours, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Unité mixte de recherche 1282 (UMR1282), Infectiologie et santé publique (ISP), Tours, France
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Nandi M, Moyo MM, Orkhis S, Mobulakani JMF, Limoges MA, Rexhepi F, Mayhue M, Cayarga AA, Marrero GC, Ilangumaran S, Menendez A, Ramanathan S. IL-15Rα-Independent IL-15 Signaling in Non-NK Cell-Derived IFNγ Driven Control of Listeria monocytogenes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:793918. [PMID: 34956227 PMCID: PMC8703170 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.793918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-15, produced by hematopoietic and parenchymal cells, maintains immune cell homeostasis and facilitates activation of lymphoid and myeloid cell subsets. IL-15 interacts with the ligand-binding receptor chain IL-15Rα during biosynthesis, and the IL-15:IL-15Rα complex is trans-presented to responder cells that express the IL-2/15Rβγc complex to initiate signaling. IL-15-deficient and IL-15Rα-deficient mice display similar alterations in immune cell subsets. Thus, the trimeric IL-15Rαβγc complex is considered the functional IL-15 receptor. However, studies on the pathogenic role of IL-15 in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases indicate that IL-15 can signal independently of IL-15Rα via the IL-15Rβγc dimer. Here, we compared the ability of mice lacking IL-15 (no signaling) or IL-15Rα (partial/distinct signaling) to control Listeria monocytogenes infection. We show that IL-15-deficient mice succumb to infection whereas IL-15Rα-deficient mice clear the pathogen as efficiently as wildtype mice. IL-15-deficient macrophages did not show any defect in bacterial uptake or iNOS expression in vitro. In vivo, IL-15 deficiency impaired the accumulation of inflammatory monocytes in infected spleens without affecting chemokine and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. The inability of IL-15-deficient mice to clear L. monocytogenes results from impaired early IFNγ production, which was not affected in IL-15Rα-deficient mice. Administration of IFNγ partially enabled IL-15-deficient mice to control the infection. Bone marrow chimeras revealed that IL-15 needed for early bacterial control can originate from both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. Overall, our findings indicate that IL-15-dependent IL-15Rα-independent signaling via the IL-15Rβγc dimeric complex is necessary and sufficient for the induction of IFNγ from sources other than NK/NKT cells to control bacterial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhuparna Nandi
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mitterrand Muamba Moyo
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sakina Orkhis
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | - Marc-André Limoges
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Fjolla Rexhepi
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Marian Mayhue
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Anny Armas Cayarga
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Gisela Cofino Marrero
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Alfredo Menendez
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Huang FC. The Interleukins Orchestrate Mucosal Immune Responses to Salmonella Infection in the Intestine. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123492. [PMID: 34943999 PMCID: PMC8700606 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella infection remains one of the major public health problems in the world, with increasing resistance to antibiotics. The resolution is to explore the pathogenesis of the infection and search for alternative therapy other than antibiotics. Immune responses to Salmonella infection include innate and adaptive immunity. Flagellin or muramyl dipeptide from Salmonella, recognized by extracellular Toll-like receptors and intracellular nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain2, respectively, induce innate immunity involving intestinal epithelial cells, neutrophils, macrophages, dendric cells and lymphocytes, including natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells. The cytokines, mostly interleukins, produced by the cells involved in innate immunity, stimulate adaptive immunity involving T and B cells. The mucosal epithelium responds to intestinal pathogens through its secretion of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and antimicrobial peptides. Chemokines, such as IL-8 and IL-17, recruit neutrophils into the cecal mucosa to defend against the invasion of Salmonella, but induce excessive inflammation contributing to colitis. Some of the interleukins have anti-inflammatory effects, such as IL-10, while others have pro-inflammatory effects, such as IL-1β, IL-12/IL-23, IL-15, IL-18, and IL-22. Furthermore, some interleukins, such as IL-6 and IL-27, exhibit both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions and anti-microbial defenses. The majority of interleukins secreted by macrophages and lymphocytes contributes antimicrobial defense or protective effects, but IL-8 and IL-10 may promote systemic Salmonella infection. In this article, we review the interleukins involved in Salmonella infection in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chen Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Pickering H, Sen S, Arakawa-Hoyt J, Ishiyama K, Sun Y, Parmar R, Ahn RS, Sunga G, Llamas M, Hoffmann A, Deng M, Bunnapradist S, Schaenman JM, Gjertson DW, Rossetti M, Lanier LL, Reed EF. NK and CD8+ T cell phenotypes predict onset and control of CMV viremia after kidney transplant. JCI Insight 2021; 6:153175. [PMID: 34609965 PMCID: PMC8663544 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CMV causes mostly asymptomatic but lifelong infection. Primary infection or reactivation in immunocompromised individuals can be life-threatening. CMV viremia often occurs in solid organ transplant recipients and associates with decreased graft survival and higher mortality. Furthering understanding of impaired immunity that allows CMV reactivation is critical to guiding antiviral therapy and examining the effect of CMV on solid organ transplant outcomes. This study characterized longitudinal immune responses to CMV in 31 kidney transplant recipients with CMV viremia and matched, nonviremic recipients. Recipients were sampled 3 and 12 months after transplant, with additional samples 1 week and 1 month after viremia. PBMCs were stained for NK and T cell markers. PBMC transcriptomes were characterized by RNA-Seq. Plasma proteins were quantified by Luminex. CD8+ T cell transcriptomes were characterized by single-cell RNA-Seq. Before viremia, patients had high levels of IL-15 with concurrent expansion of immature CD56bright NK cells. After viremia, mature CD56dim NK cells and CD28–CD8+ T cells upregulating inhibitory and NK-associated receptors were expanded. Memory NK cells and NK-like CD28–CD8+ T cells were associated with control of viremia. These findings suggest that signatures of innate activation may be prognostic for CMV reactivation after transplant, while CD8+ T cell functionality is critical for effective control of CMV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harry Pickering
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Subha Sen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Janice Arakawa-Hoyt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kenichi Ishiyama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yumeng Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rajesh Parmar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Richard S Ahn
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics.,Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, and
| | - Gemalene Sunga
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Megan Llamas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, and.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mario Deng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Suphamai Bunnapradist
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joanna M Schaenman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David W Gjertson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Maura Rossetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Elaine F Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
66
|
Bessey TK, Parashar UD, Tate JE, Madhi SA, Jiang B, Groome MJ. Cytokine profiles in children with acute intussusception in South Africa. Cytokine 2021; 146:155639. [PMID: 34284276 PMCID: PMC11325844 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Serum specimens of children hospitalized with acute intussusception (IS; n = 407) were analyzed for various pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines to identify host markers specifically for IS compared to other surgical conditions (n = 235) or acute gastroenteritis (AGE; n = 68) in a cross-sectional study design. We showed that children with IS had elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, MIP-1β, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, and IL-17 as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 compared to those admitted with surgical conditions or AGE symptoms, indicating these cytokines as markers for IS. In addition, we showed an increase in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in children with IS. This study is the first to show a broad cytokine profile and identify cytokine markers in children with IS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa K Bessey
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Umesh D Parashar
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacqueline E Tate
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council/Wits Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Baoming Jiang
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Michelle J Groome
- South African Medical Research Council/Wits Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Bosch NC, Martin LM, Voskens CJ, Berking C, Seliger B, Schuler G, Schaft N, Dörrie J. A Chimeric IL-15/IL-15Rα Molecule Expressed on NFκB-Activated Dendritic Cells Supports Their Capability to Activate Natural Killer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910227. [PMID: 34638566 PMCID: PMC8508776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, members of the innate immune system, play an important role in the rejection of HLA class I negative tumor cells. Hence, a therapeutic vaccine, which can activate NK cells in addition to cells of the adaptive immune system might induce a more comprehensive cellular response, which could lead to increased tumor elimination. Dendritic cells (DCs) are capable of activating and expanding NK cells, especially when the NFκB pathway is activated in the DCs thereby leading to the secretion of the cytokine IL-12. Another prominent NK cell activator is IL-15, which can be bound by the IL-15 receptor alpha-chain (IL-15Rα) to be transpresented to the NK cells. However, monocyte-derived DCs do neither secrete IL-15, nor express the IL-15Rα. Hence, we designed a chimeric protein consisting of IL-15 and the IL-15Rα. Upon mRNA electroporation, the fusion protein was detectable on the surface of the DCs, and increased the potential of NFκB-activated, IL-12-producing DC to activate NK cells in an autologous cell culture system with ex vivo-generated cells from healthy donors. These data show that a chimeric IL-15/IL-15Rα molecule can be expressed by monocyte-derived DCs, is trafficked to the cell surface, and is functional regarding the activation of NK cells. These data represent an initial proof-of-concept for an additional possibility of further improving cellular DC-based immunotherapies of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi C. Bosch
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (N.C.B.); (B.S.)
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.-M.M.); (C.J.V.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (N.S.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen–EMN, NCT WERA, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena-Marie Martin
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.-M.M.); (C.J.V.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Caroline J. Voskens
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.-M.M.); (C.J.V.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (N.S.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen–EMN, NCT WERA, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.-M.M.); (C.J.V.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (N.S.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen–EMN, NCT WERA, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (N.C.B.); (B.S.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerold Schuler
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.-M.M.); (C.J.V.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Niels Schaft
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.-M.M.); (C.J.V.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Jan Dörrie
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.-M.M.); (C.J.V.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-8531127
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Efficacy of Enhanced Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells as an Adjuvant Immunotherapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma: Preclinical and Clinical Studies. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:5709104. [PMID: 34540187 PMCID: PMC8443387 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5709104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells have been proved to be an effective method of tumor immunotherapy in numerous preclinical and clinical studies. In our previous study, a new method was developed to prime and propagate CIK cells by the combination of IL-2 and IL-15, and this kind of CIK cells had enhanced antitumor effect on lung cancer. For renal cell carcinoma (RCC), immunotherapy plays an important role because of the poor efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In this study, we further evaluated the antitumor effects of these enhanced CIK cells against RCC. Enhanced CIK cells were generated by IL-2 combined with IL-15 and identified by flow cytometry. HEK-293 and ACHN cell lines were used to verify the efficiency of CIK cells in vitro, and then the ACHN tumor xenograft model was also employed for in vivo study. In addition, the secreted cytokines including IFN-γ, granzyme B, TNF-α, and perforin, as well as the local microstructure were also studied. Subsequently, 20 patients with RCC were enrolled into our study, and 11 patients were randomly divided into the autologous CIK treatment group for clinical research. The results showed that enhanced CIK cells exert better antitumor effects in RCC in vitro (p < 0.01 in HEK-293 and p < 0.05 in ACHN)and in vivo (p < 0.05). Patients benefit overall survival from enhanced CIK therapy in our clinical study. Our present preclinical and clinical studies for the first time elucidated that these enhanced CIK cells would be used as an effective adjuvant therapy in the treatment of RCC.
Collapse
|
69
|
Fiore PF, Di Matteo S, Tumino N, Mariotti FR, Pietra G, Ottonello S, Negrini S, Bottazzi B, Moretta L, Mortier E, Azzarone B. Interleukin-15 and cancer: some solved and many unsolved questions. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-001428. [PMID: 33203664 PMCID: PMC7674108 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble interleukin (IL)-15 exists under two forms: as monomer (sIL-15) or as heterodimeric complex in association with sIL-15Rα (sIL-15/IL-15Rα). Both forms have been successfully tested in experimental tumor murine models and are currently undergoing investigation in phase I/II clinical trials. Despite more than 20 years research on IL-15, some controversial issues remain to be addressed. A first point concerns the detection of the sIL-15/IL-15Rα in plasma of healthy donors or patients with cancer and its biological significance. The second and third unsolved question regards the protumorigenic role of the IL-15/IL-15Rα complex in human cancer and the detrimental immunological consequences associated to prolonged exposure of natural killer (NK) cells to both forms of soluble IL-15, respectively. Data suggest that in vivo prolonged or repeated exposure to monomeric sIL-15 or the soluble complex may lead to NK hypo-responsiveness through the expansion of the CD8+/CD44+ T cell subset that would suppress NK cell functions. In vitro experiments indicate that soluble complex and monomeric IL-15 may cause NK hyporesponsiveness through a direct effect caused by their prolonged stimulation, suggesting that this mechanism could also be effective in vivo. Therefore, a better knowledge of IL-15 and a more appropriate use of both its soluble forms, in terms of concentrations and time of exposure, are essential in order to improve their therapeutic use. In cancer, the overproduction of sIL-15/IL-15Rα could represent a novel mechanism of immune escape. The soluble complex may act as a decoy cytokine unable to efficiently foster NK cells, or could induce NK hyporesponsiveness through an excessive and prolonged stimulation depending on the type of IL-15Rα isoforms associated. All these unsolved questions are not merely limited to the knowledge of IL-15 pathophysiology, but are crucial also for the therapeutic use of this cytokine. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss key unanswered issues on the heterogeneity and biological significance of IL-15 isoforms, analyzing both their cancer-related biological functions and their therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabina Di Matteo
- Immunology Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Tumino
- Immunology Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Pietra
- Immuology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine (DiMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Selene Ottonello
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DiMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simone Negrini
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Barbara Bottazzi
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Immunology Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Erwan Mortier
- University of Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA, University of Nantes, Nantes, France .,Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology, LabEx IGO, Nantes, France
| | - Bruno Azzarone
- Immunology Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Zeng Y, Lv X, Du J. Natural killer cell‑based immunotherapy for lung cancer: Challenges and perspectives (Review). Oncol Rep 2021; 46:232. [PMID: 34498710 PMCID: PMC8444189 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the marked success of molecular targeted therapy in lung cancer in this era of personalized medicine, its efficacy has been limited by the presence of resistance mechanisms. The prognosis of patients with lung cancer remains poor, and there is an unmet need to develop more effective therapies to improve clinical outcomes. The increasing insight into the human immune system has led to breakthroughs in immunotherapy and has prompted research interest in employing immunotherapy to treat lung cancer. Natural killer (NK) cells, which serve as the first line of defense against tumors, can induce the innate and adaptive immune responses. Therefore, the use of NK cells for the development of novel lung-cancer immunotherapy strategies is promising. A growing number of novel approaches that boost NK cell antitumor immunity and expand NK cell populations ex vivo now provide a platform for the development of antitumor immunotherapy. The present review outlined the biology of NK cells, summarized the role of NK cells in lung cancer and the effect of the tumor microenvironment on NK cells, highlighted the potential of NK cell-based immunotherapy as an effective therapeutic strategy for lung cancer and discussed future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqin Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Xiuzhi Lv
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Juan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Harwood O, O’Connor S. Therapeutic Potential of IL-15 and N-803 in HIV/SIV Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:1750. [PMID: 34578331 PMCID: PMC8473246 DOI: 10.3390/v13091750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-15, a proinflammatory cytokine critical for the generation, maintenance, and homeostasis of T cell responses, is produced naturally in response to HIV/SIV infection, but has also demonstrated therapeutic potential. IL-15 can boost CD4+ and CD8+ T cell and NK cell proliferation, activation, and function. However, IL-15 treatment may cause aberrant immune activation and accelerated disease progression in certain circumstances. Moreover, the relationship between the timing of IL-15 administration and disease progression remains unclear. The IL-15 superagonist N-803 was developed to expand the therapeutic potential of IL-15 by maximizing its tissue distribution and half-life. N-803 has garnered enthusiasm recently as a way to enhance the innate and cellular immune responses to HIV/SIV by improving CD8+ T cell recognition and killing of virus-infected cells and directing immune cells to mucosal sites and lymph nodes, the primary sites of virus replication. N-803 has also been evaluated in "shock and kill" strategies due to its potential to reverse latency (shock) and enhance antiviral immunity (kill). This review examines the current literature about the effects of IL-15 and N-803 on innate and cellular immunity, viral burden, and latency reversal in the context of HIV/SIV, and their therapeutic potential both alone and combined with additional interventions such as antiretroviral therapy (ART) and vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shelby O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Shah F, Patel S, Begum R, Dwivedi M. Emerging role of Tissue Resident Memory T cells in vitiligo: From pathogenesis to therapeutics. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102868. [PMID: 34118458 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting disorder which affects both skin and mucous membranes and autoimmunity has been strongly suggested to play a role in loss of melanocytes. The recurrence of skin macules at the same sites where they were observed prior to the treatment, suggests the existence of Tissue Resident Memory T cells (TRMs) that persist within the skin or peripheral tissues with a longer survivability. Emerging studies have shown that reactivation of these skin TRMs results into autoreactive TRM cells in various autoimmune diseases including vitiligo. This review focuses on different subsets (CD8+ TRMs and CD4+ TRMs) of TRM cells, their retention and survivability in the skin along with their pathomechanisms leading to melanocyte death and progression of vitiligo. In addition, the review describes the TRM cells as potential targets for developing effective therapeutics of vitiligo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Firdosh Shah
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Tarsadi, Surat 394350, Gujarat, India
| | - Shivani Patel
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Tarsadi, Surat 394350, Gujarat, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Tarsadi, Surat 394350, Gujarat, India.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Zhang XY, Cui ZW, Zhou YY, Chen DD, Zhang YA. Neutrophil functions can be regulated by IL-35, which is mainly expressed in IL-15Rα + cells in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 121:104103. [PMID: 33857470 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
IL-35 plays a key role in regulatory T (Treg) and regulatory B (Breg) cell functions in mammals. CD25 has been demonstrated as one of the markers of Treg cells, and CD19+CD25hiCD71hi cells have been verified as a type of Breg cells in humans. These results indicate that there is a close relationship between IL-35 and CD25+ cells. In mammals, CD25 (alias IL-2Rα) has been identified as having high affinity and specificity for IL-2 binding, and is closely linked and structurally related to IL-15Rα, which having high affinity for IL-15 binding. In teleost, IL-15Rα can bind to both IL-2 and IL-15, with higher affinity to IL-15 than IL-2, and has been termed a CD25-like molecule in some research studies. To date, no studies of IL-35 and IL-15Rα have been documented in fish. In this work, five isoforms of IL-15Rα were cloned from grass carp, and a monoclonal antibody to the protein was developed. The results of flow cytometry and quantitative real-time PCR analyses demonstrated that grass carp IL-35 subunit genes EBI3a and IL-12p35 were mainly expressed in IL-15Rα+ cells, while the expression levels of IL-10 and TGF-β in IL-15Rα+ and IL-15Rα- cells were insignificant. Recombinant grass carp IL-35 (rgcIL-35) could increase the proportion of IL-15Rα+ cells in leukocytes, and a certain proportion of IL-15Rα+ cells also appeared in myeloid cell subset II after stimulation with rgcIL-35. Meanwhile, the migration, phagocytic ability, and bactericidal ability of grass carp neutrophils were significantly decreased after stimulation with certain concentrations of rgcIL-35. Moreover, neutrophil apoptosis could be significantly inhibited by rgcIL-35.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhou
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Dan-Dan Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Razavi M, Rezaee M, Telichko A, Inan H, Dahl J, Demirci U, Thakor AS. The Paracrine Function of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Response to Pulsed Focused Ultrasound. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720965478. [PMID: 33028105 PMCID: PMC7784560 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720965478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the paracrine function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from various sources in response to pulsed focused ultrasound (pFUS). Human adipose tissue (AD), bone marrow (BM), and umbilical cord (UC) derived MSCs were exposed to pFUS at two intensities: 0.45 W/cm2 ISATA (310 kPa PNP) and 1.3 W/cm2 ISATA (540 kPa PNP). Following pFUS, the viability and proliferation of MSCs were assessed using a hemocytometer and confocal microscopy, and their secreted cytokine profile determined using a multiplex ELISA. Our findings showed that pFUS can stimulate the production of immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic cytokines from MSCs which was dependent on both the source of MSC being studied and the acoustic intensity employed. These important findings set the foundation for additional mechanistic and validation studies using this novel noninvasive and clinically translatable technology for modulating MSC biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Razavi
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, 6429Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,BiionixTM (Bionic Materials, Implants & Interfaces) Cluster, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, 6243University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 6243University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Melika Rezaee
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, 6429Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Arsenii Telichko
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, 6429Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Hakan Inan
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, 6429Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Dahl
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, 6429Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, 6429Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Avnesh S Thakor
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, 6429Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Kinoshita M, Ogawa Y, Hama N, Ujiie I, Hasegawa A, Nakajima S, Nomura T, Adachi J, Sato T, Koizumi S, Shimada S, Fujita Y, Takahashi H, Mizukawa Y, Tomonaga T, Nagao K, Abe R, Kawamura T. Neutrophils initiate and exacerbate Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/600/eaax2398. [PMID: 34193610 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax2398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are life-threatening mucocutaneous adverse drug reactions characterized by massive epidermal detachment. Cytotoxic T cells and associated effector molecules are known to drive SJS/TEN pathophysiology, but the contribution of innate immune responses is not well understood. We describe a mechanism by which neutrophils triggered inflammation during early phases of SJS/TEN. Skin-infiltrating CD8+ T cells produced lipocalin-2 in a drug-specific manner, which triggered the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in early lesional skin. Neutrophils undergoing NETosis released LL-37, an antimicrobial peptide, which induced formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) expression by keratinocytes. FPR1 expression caused keratinocytes to be vulnerable to necroptosis that caused further release of LL-37 by necroptotic keratinocytes and induced FPR1 expression on surrounding keratinocytes, which likely amplified the necroptotic response. The NETs-necroptosis axis was not observed in less severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions, autoimmune diseases, or neutrophil-associated disorders, suggesting that this was a process specific to SJS/TEN. Initiation and progression of SJS/TEN keratinocyte necroptosis appear to involve a cascade of events mediated by innate and adaptive immune responses, and understanding these responses may contribute to the identification of diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets for these adverse drug reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manao Kinoshita
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Youichi Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Natsumi Hama
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Inkin Ujiie
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akito Hasegawa
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Saeko Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Adachi
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Sato
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shinji Shimada
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hayato Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Mizukawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tomonaga
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nagao
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Riichiro Abe
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tatsuyoshi Kawamura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Mao Y, Zhang X, Peng W, Liu H, Zhou X, Liang L, Xiang J, Zhang H, Wang D, Liu L, Zhou Y, Zhang F, Xiao Y, Shi M, Wang Y, Guo B. EI24 alleviates renal interstitial fibrosis through inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibroblast activation. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21239. [PMID: 33368642 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002089r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Etoposide-induced 2.4 (EI24) exerts tumor suppressor activity through participating in cell apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation. However, its role in renal diseases has not been elucidated. This study showed that the EI24 level decreased gradually in the kidneys of mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and in another fibrosis model induced by diabetic kidney disease. The overexpression of EI24 was used to investigate the possible role both in vivo and in vitro. The overexpression 1 day after UUO through tail vein injection alleviated the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF). EI24 inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition, excessive deposition of the extracellular matrix, and activation of fibroblasts. Furthermore, administration of EI24-overexpressing plasmids restrained the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and c-Jun kinase (JNK) through regulating the proteasome-dependent degradation of TRAF2, and then, inhibited the expression of downstream inflammation-associated cytokines (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1) and infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils in mouse kidney after UUO. In conclusion, the data indicated that EI24, a novel anti-fibrosis regulator, was important in the progression of RIF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Mao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaohuan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Huiming Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xingchen Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Luqun Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiayi Xiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuxia Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Mingjun Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Kielsen K, Oostenbrink LVE, von Asmuth EGJ, Jansen-Hoogendijk AM, van Ostaijen-Ten Dam MM, Ifversen M, Heilmann C, Schilham MW, van Halteren AGS, Bredius RGM, Lankester AC, Jol-van der Zijde CM, van Tol MJD, Müller K. IL-7 and IL-15 Levels Reflect the Degree of T Cell Depletion during Lymphopenia and Are Associated with an Expansion of Effector Memory T Cells after Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2828-2838. [PMID: 34108260 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Differentially and functionally distinct T cell subsets are involved in the development of complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but little is known about factors regulating their recovery after HSCT. In this study, we investigated associations between immune-regulating cytokines, T cell differentiation, and clinical outcomes. We included 80 children undergoing allogeneic HSCT for acute leukemia using bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells grafted from a matched sibling or unrelated donor. Cytokines (IL-7, IL-15, IL-18, SCF, IL-6, IL-2, and TNF-α) and active anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) levels were longitudinally measured along with extended T cell phenotyping. The cytokine profiles showed a temporary rise in IL-7 and IL-15 during lymphopenia, which was strongly dependent on exposure to active ATG. High levels of IL-7 and IL-15 from graft infusion to day +30 were predictive of slower T cell recovery during the first 2 mo post-HSCT; however, because of a major expansion of memory T cell stages, only naive T cells remained decreased after 3 mo (p < 0.05). No differential effect was seen on polarization of CD4+ T cells into Th1, Th2, or Th17 cells or regulatory T cells. Low levels of IL-7 and IL-15 at day +14 were associated with acute graft-versus-host disease grades II-IV in ATG-treated patients (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.0002, respectively). Children with IL-7 levels comparable to healthy controls at day +14 post-HSCT were less likely to develop EBV reactivation posttransplant. These findings suggest that quantification of IL-7 and IL-15 may be useful as biomarkers in assessing the overall T cell depletion and suggest a potential for predicting complications after HSCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Kielsen
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Primary Immune Deficiency, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; .,Institute for Inflammation Research, Department of Rheumatology and Spine Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Lisa V E Oostenbrink
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Erik G J von Asmuth
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anja M Jansen-Hoogendijk
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Monique M van Ostaijen-Ten Dam
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne Ifversen
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Primary Immune Deficiency, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Heilmann
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Primary Immune Deficiency, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marco W Schilham
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Astrid G S van Halteren
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Robbert G M Bredius
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arjan C Lankester
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M Jol-van der Zijde
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten J D van Tol
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Klaus Müller
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Primary Immune Deficiency, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Department of Rheumatology and Spine Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Liu B, Zhu X, Kong L, Wang M, Spanoudis C, Chaturvedi P, George V, Jiao JA, You L, Egan JO, Echeverri C, Gallo VL, Xing J, Ravelo K, Prendes C, Antolinez J, Denissova J, Muniz GJ, Jeng EK, Rhode PR, Wong HC. Bifunctional TGF-β trap/IL-15 Protein Complex Elicits Potent NK Cell and CD8 + T Cell Immunity Against Solid Tumors. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2949-2962. [PMID: 34091051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in immunostimulatory and anti-immunosuppressive therapeutics have revolutionized cancer treatment. However, novel immunotherapeutics with these dual functions are not frequently reported. Here we describe the creation of a heterodimeric bifunctional fusion molecule, HCW9218, constructed using our soluble tissue factor-based scaffold technology. This complex comprises extracellular domains of the human transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor II and a human interleukin (IL)-15/IL-15 receptor α complex. HCW9218 can be readily expressed in CHO cells and purified using antibody-based affinity chromatography in a large-scale manufacturing setting. HCW9218 potently activates mouse natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T cells in vitro and in vivo to enhance cell proliferation, metabolism and antitumor cytotoxic activities. Similarly, human immune cells become activated with increased cytotoxicity following incubation with HCW9218. This fusion complex also exhibits TGF-β neutralizing activity in vitro and sequesters plasma TGF-β in vivo. In a syngeneic B16F10 melanoma model, HCW9218 displayed strong antitumor activity mediated by NK cells and CD8+ T cells, and increased their infiltration into tumors. Repeat-dose subcutaneous administration of HCW9218 was well tolerated by mice, with a half-life sufficient to provide long lasting biological activity. Thus, HCW9218 may serve as a novel therapeutic to simultaneously provide immunostimulation and lessen immunosuppression associated with tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bai Liu
- HCW Biologics Inc., Miramar, FL, 33025 USA
| | | | - Lin Kong
- HCW Biologics Inc., Miramar, FL, 33025 USA
| | - Meng Wang
- HCW Biologics Inc., Miramar, FL, 33025 USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Lijing You
- HCW Biologics Inc., Miramar, FL, 33025 USA
| | | | | | | | - Jilan Xing
- HCW Biologics Inc., Miramar, FL, 33025 USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
79
|
Bahrololoumi Shapourabadi M, Momburg F, Roohvand F, Jarahian M, Mohajel N, Arashkia A, Hajari Taheri F, Abbasalipour M, Azadmanesh K. Bi/tri-specific antibodies (HN-Fc-CD16 and HN-Fc-IL-15-CD16) cross-linking natural killer (NK)-CD16 and Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV)-HN, enhanced NK activation for cancer immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107762. [PMID: 34162140 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer/tumor cells infected with the "avian paramyxovirus Newcastle Disease Virus (TC-NDV)" express the viral hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) on the cell surface that is used as both the danger signal and anchor for bi/tri-specific antibodies (bs/tsAbs).We constructed a bs-Ab (HN-Fc-CD16) that bindsto HN and natural killer (NK)-CD16 receptor (FcgRIII)and a ts-Ab (HN-Fc-IL15-CD16) harbouring NK-activating cytokine "IL-15" within the bs-Ab.In silicoand computational predictions indicated proper exposure of both Abs in bs/tsAbs.Properbinding of thebi/tsAbstoHN on surface of TC-NDVandCD16+-cells was demonstrated by flow cytometry.The bi/tsAbstriggeredspecificcytotoxicity of NK cells againstTC-NDVand elicited substantial IFN-γproduction by activated NK cells(higher for ts-Ab) that sound promising for cancer immunotherapy purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank Momburg
- Antigen Presentation & T/NK Cell Unit, Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Farzin Roohvand
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Jarahian
- Antigen Presentation & T/NK Cell Unit, Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Nasir Mohajel
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Maryam Abbasalipour
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Centre, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kayhan Azadmanesh
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Miyazaki T, Maiti M, Hennessy M, Chang T, Kuo P, Addepalli M, Obalapur P, Sheibani S, Wilczek J, Pena R, Quach P, Cetz J, Moffett A, Tang Y, Kirk P, Huang J, Sheng D, Zhang P, Rubas W, Madakamutil L, Kivimäe S, Zalevsky J. NKTR-255, a novel polymer-conjugated rhIL-15 with potent antitumor efficacy. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e002024. [PMID: 34001523 PMCID: PMC8130760 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-002024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NKTR-255 is a novel polyethylene glycol-conjugate of recombinant human interleukin-15 (rhIL-15), which was designed to retain all known receptor binding interactions of the IL-15 molecule. We explored the biologic and pharmacologic differences between endogenous IL-15 receptor α (IL-15Rα)-dependent (NKTR-255 and rhIL-15) and IL-15Rα-independent (precomplexed rhIL-15/IL-15Rα) cytokines. METHODS In vitro pharmacological properties of rhIL-15, NKTR-255 and precomplex cytokines (rhIL-15/IL-15Rα and rhIL-15 N72D/IL-15Rα Fc) were investigated in receptor binding, signaling and cell function. In vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic profile of the cytokines were evaluated in normal mice. Finally, immunomodulatory effect and antitumor activity were assessed in a Daudi lymphoma model. RESULTS NKTR-255 and rhIL-15 exhibited similar in vitro properties in receptor affinity, signaling and leukocyte degranulation, which collectively differed from precomplexed cytokines. Notably, NKTR-255 and rhIL-15 stimulated greater granzyme B secretion in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells versus precomplexed cytokines. In vivo, NKTR-255 exhibited a PK profile with reduced clearance and a longer half-life relative to rhIL-15 and demonstrated prolonged IL-15R engagement in lymphocytes compared with only transient engagement observed for rhIL-15 and precomplexed rhIL-15 N72D/IL-15Rα Fc. As a consequent, NKTR-255 provided a durable and sustained proliferation and activation of natural killer (NK) and CD8+ T cells. Importantly, NKTR-255 is more effective than the precomplexed cytokine at inducing functionally competent, cytotoxic NK cells in the tumor microenvironment and the properties of NKTR-255 translated into superior antitumor activity in a B-cell lymphoma model versus the precomplexed cytokine. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the novel immunotherapeutic, NKTR-255, retains the full spectrum of IL-15 biology, but with improved PK properties, over rhIL-15. These findings support the ongoing phase 1 first-in-human trial (NCT04136756) of NKTR-255 in participants with relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies, potentially advancing rhIL-15-based immunotherapies for the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Miyazaki
- Research Biology: Pharmacology, Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mekhala Maiti
- Research Biology: Pharmacology, Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marlene Hennessy
- Research Biology: Pharmacology, Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Thomas Chang
- Protein Chemistry, Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peiwen Kuo
- Research Biology: Pharmacology, Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Sara Sheibani
- Research Biology: Pharmacology, Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joanna Wilczek
- Research Biology: Pharmacology, Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rhoneil Pena
- Research Biology: Pharmacology, Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Phi Quach
- Research Biology: Pharmacology, Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Janet Cetz
- Research Biology: Pharmacology, Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrew Moffett
- Research Biology: Pharmacology, Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yinyan Tang
- Protein Chemistry, Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peter Kirk
- Protein Chemistry, Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jicai Huang
- Protein Chemistry, Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Dawei Sheng
- Protein Chemistry, Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Protein Chemistry, Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Werner Rubas
- Research Biology: Pharmacology, Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Loui Madakamutil
- Research Biology: Pharmacology, Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Saul Kivimäe
- Research Biology: Pharmacology, Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Zalevsky
- Research and Development, Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Rational modification, synthesis and biological evaluation of N-substituted phthalazinone derivatives designed to target interleukine-15 protein. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 39:116161. [PMID: 33932805 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-15 is a pleiotropic cytokine structurally close to IL-2 and sharing with the IL-2Rβ and γc receptor (R) subunits. IL-15 plays important roles in innate and adaptative immunity, supporting the activation and proliferation of NK, NK-T, and CD8+ T cells. Over-expression of IL-15 has been shown to participate to the development of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and diverse T cell malignancies. This study is in continuity of our previous work through which a family of small-molecule inhibitors impeding IL-15/IL-2Rβ interaction with sub-micromolar activity has been identified using pharmacophore-based virtual screening and hit optimization methods. With the aim to improve the efficacy and selectivity of our lead inhibitor, specific modifications have been introduced on the basis of optimized SAR and modelisation. The new series of compounds generated have been evaluated for their capacity to inhibit the proliferation as well as the down-stream signaling of IL-15-dependent cells and to bind to IL-15.
Collapse
|
82
|
Foltz JA, Hess BT, Bachanova V, Bartlett NL, Berrien-Elliott MM, McClain E, Becker-Hapak M, Foster M, Schappe T, Kahl B, Mehta-Shah N, Cashen AF, Marin ND, McDaniels K, Moreno C, Mosior M, Gao F, Griffith OL, Griffith M, Wagner JA, Epperla N, Rock AD, Lee J, Petti AA, Soon-Shiong P, Fehniger TA. Phase I Trial of N-803, an IL15 Receptor Agonist, with Rituximab in Patients with Indolent Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:3339-3350. [PMID: 33832946 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE N-803 is an IL15 receptor superagonist complex, designed to optimize in vivo persistence and trans-presentation, thereby activating and expanding natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T cells. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) direct Fc receptor-bearing immune cells, including NK cells, to recognize and eliminate cancer targets. The ability of IL15R agonists to enhance tumor-targeting mAbs in patients has not been reported previously. PATIENTS AND METHODS Relapsed/refractory patients with indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma were treated with rituximab and intravenous or subcutaneous N-803 on an open-label, dose-escalation phase I study using a 3+3 design (NCT02384954). Primary endpoint was maximum tolerated dose. Immune correlates were performed using multidimensional analysis via mass cytometry and cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) which simultaneously measures protein and single-cell RNA expression. RESULTS This immunotherapy combination was safe and well tolerated and resulted in durable clinical responses including in rituximab-refractory patients. Subcutaneous N-803 plus rituximab induced sustained proliferation, expansion, and activation of peripheral blood NK cells and CD8 T cells, with increased NK cell and T cells present 8 weeks following last N-803 treatment. CITE-seq revealed a therapy-altered NK cell molecular program, including enhancement of AP-1 transcription factor. Furthermore, the monocyte transcriptional program was remodeled with enhanced MHC expression and antigen-presentation genes. CONCLUSIONS N-803 combines with mAbs to enhance tumor targeting in patients, and warrants further investigation in combination with immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian T Hess
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | | | | | - Ethan McClain
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Mark Foster
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Timothy Schappe
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Brad Kahl
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Neha Mehta-Shah
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Amanda F Cashen
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nancy D Marin
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Chaz Moreno
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Matthew Mosior
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Feng Gao
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Obi L Griffith
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Julia A Wagner
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | | | - John Lee
- ImmunityBio, Culver City, California
| | - Allegra A Petti
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Todd A Fehniger
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Dubois SP, Miljkovic MD, Fleisher TA, Pittaluga S, Hsu-Albert J, Bryant BR, Petrus MN, Perera LP, Müller JR, Shih JH, Waldmann TA, Conlon KC. Short-course IL-15 given as a continuous infusion led to a massive expansion of effective NK cells: implications for combination therapy with antitumor antibodies. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e002193. [PMID: 33883258 PMCID: PMC8061813 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-002193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Full application of cytokines as oncoimmunotherapeutics requires identification of optimal regimens. Our initial effort with intravenous bolus recombinant human interleukin-15 (rhIL-15) was limited by postinfusional reactions. Subcutaneous injection and continuous intravenous infusion for 10 days (CIV-10) provided rhIL-15 with less toxicity with CIV-10 giving the best increases in CD8+ lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. To ease rhIL-15 administration, we shortened time of infusion. Treatment with rhIL-15 at a dose of 3-5 µg/kg as a 5-day continuous intravenous infusion (CIV-5) had no dose-limiting toxicities while effector cell stimulation was comparable to the CIV-10 regimen. METHODS Eleven patients with metastatic cancers were treated with rhIL-15 CIV-5, 3 µg (n=4), 4 µg (n=3), and 5 µg/kg/day (n=4) in a phase I dose-escalation study (April 6, 2012). RESULTS Impressive expansions of NK cells were seen at all dose levels (mean 34-fold), including CD56bright NK cells (mean 144-fold for 4 µg/kg), as well as an increase in CD8+ T cells (mean 3.38-fold). At 5 µg/kg/day, there were no dose-limiting toxicities but pulmonary capillary leak and slower patient recovery. This led to our choice of the 4 µg/kg as CIV-5 dose for further testing. Cytolytic capacity of CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells was increased by interleukin-15 assayed by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), natural cytotoxicity and natural killer group 2D-mediated cytotoxicity. The best response was stable disease. CONCLUSIONS IL-15 administered as CIV-5 substantially expanded NK cells with increased cytotoxic functions. Tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies dependent on ADCC as their mechanism of action including alemtuzumab, obinutuzumab, avelumab, and mogamulizumab could benefit from those NK cell expansions and provide a promising therapeutic strategy. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS NCT01572493, NCT03759184, NCT03905135, NCT04185220 and NCT02689453.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid P Dubois
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Milos D Miljkovic
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas A Fleisher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer Hsu-Albert
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Bonita R Bryant
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael N Petrus
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Liyanage P Perera
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jürgen R Müller
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joanna H Shih
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas A Waldmann
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin C Conlon
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Wang X, Zhao XY. Transcription Factors Associated With IL-15 Cytokine Signaling During NK Cell Development. Front Immunol 2021; 12:610789. [PMID: 33815365 PMCID: PMC8013977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.610789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes primarily involved in innate immunity and possess important functional properties in anti-viral and anti-tumor responses; thus, these cells have broad potential for clinical utilization. NK cells originate from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) through the following two independent and continuous processes: early commitment from HSCs to IL-15-responsive NK cell progenitors (NKPs) and subsequent differentiation into mature NK cells in response to IL-15. IL-15 is the most important cytokine for NK cell development, is produced by both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells, and functions through a distinct delivery process termed transpresentation. Upon being transpresented to NK cells, IL-15 contributes to NK cell development via the activation of several downstream signaling pathways, including the Ras-MEK-MAPK, JAK-STAT5, and PI3K-ATK-mTOR pathways. Nonetheless, the exact role of IL-15 in NK cell development has not been discussed in a consecutive and comprehensive manner. Here, we review current knowledge about the indispensable role of IL-15 in NK cell development and address which cells produce IL-15 to support NK cell development and when IL-15 exerts its function during multiple developmental stages. Specifically, we highlight how IL-15 supports NK cell development by elucidating the distinct transpresentation of IL-15 to NK cells and revealing the downstream target of IL-15 signaling during NK cell development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering Laboratory for Cellular Therapy, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Sabioni L, De Lorenzo A, Lamas C, Muccillo F, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Estato V, Tibirica E. Systemic microvascular endothelial dysfunction and disease severity in COVID-19 patients: Evaluation by laser Doppler perfusion monitoring and cytokine/chemokine analysis. Microvasc Res 2021; 134:104119. [PMID: 33278457 PMCID: PMC7710468 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvascular dysfunction, serum cytokines and chemokines may play important roles in pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially in severe cases. METHODS Patients with COVID-19 underwent non-invasive evaluation of systemic endothelium-dependent microvascular reactivity - using laser Doppler perfusion monitoring in the skin of the forearm - coupled to local thermal hyperemia. Maximal microvascular vasodilatation (44 °C thermal plateau phase) was used as endpoint. A multiplex biometric immunoassay was used to assess a panel of 48 serum cytokines and chemokines. Severe COVID-19 (S-COVID) was defined according to WHO criteria, while all other cases of COVID-19 were considered mild to moderate (M-COVID). A group of healthy individuals who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 served as a control group and was also evaluated with LDPM. RESULTS Thirty-two patients with COVID-19 (25% S-COVID) and 14 controls were included. Basal microvascular flow was similar between M-COVID and controls (P = 0.69) but was higher in S-COVID than in controls (P = 0.005) and M-COVID patients (P = 0.01). The peak microvascular vasodilator response was markedly decreased in both patient groups (M-COVID, P = 0.001; S-COVID, P < 0.0001) compared to the healthy group. The percent increases in microvascular flow were markedly reduced in both patient groups (M-COVID, P < 0.0001; S-COVID, P < 0.0001) compared to controls. Patients with S-COVID had markedly higher concentrations of dissimilar proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, compared to patients with M-COVID. CONCLUSIONS In patients with COVID-19, especially with S-COVID, endothelium-dependent microvascular vasodilator responses are reduced, while serum cytokines and chemokines involved in the regulation of vascular function and inflammation are increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Sabioni
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea De Lorenzo
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Lamas
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Muccillo
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hugo Caire Castro-Faria-Neto
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Estato
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Tibirica
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Liao YM, Hung TH, Tung JK, Yu J, Hsu YL, Hung JT, Yu AL. Low Expression of IL-15 and NKT in Tumor Microenvironment Predicts Poor Outcome of MYCN-Non-Amplified Neuroblastoma. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020122. [PMID: 33668573 PMCID: PMC7918138 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune tumor microenvironment (TME) in neuroblastoma (NBL) contributes to tumor behavior and treatment response. T cells and natural killer (NK) cells have been shown to play important roles in the neuroblastoma TME. However, few reports address the clinical relevance of natural killer T cells (NKTs) and interleukin-15 (IL-15), one of the crucial cytokines controlling the activation and expansion of NK/NKT cells, in NBL. In this study, we examined NKT immunoscores and IL-15 expression in both MYCN-amplified and MYCN-non-amplified NBL to correlate with clinical outcomes such as event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS). From Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets GSE45480 (n = 643) and GSE49711 (n = 493), we found that NKT immunoscore and IL-15 expression were both significantly lower in MYCN-amplified NBL, and similar results were observed using our clinical NBL samples (n = 53). Moreover, NBL patients (GEO dataset GSE49711 and our clinical samples) with both lower NKT immunoscore and IL-15 expression exhibited decreased EFS and OS regardless of MYCN gene amplification status. Multivariate analysis further showed that the combination of low NKT immunoscore and low IL-15 expression level was an independent prognostic factor for poor EFS and OS in our NBL patients. These findings provide the rationale for the development of strategy to incorporate IL-15 and NKT cell therapy into the treatment regimen for neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mei Liao
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-M.L.); (T.-H.H.); (J.K.T.); (J.Y.)
- Program in Translational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, and Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Hsien Hung
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-M.L.); (T.-H.H.); (J.K.T.); (J.Y.)
| | - John K. Tung
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-M.L.); (T.-H.H.); (J.K.T.); (J.Y.)
| | - John Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-M.L.); (T.-H.H.); (J.K.T.); (J.Y.)
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Jung-Tung Hung
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-M.L.); (T.-H.H.); (J.K.T.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: (J.-T.H.); (A.L.Y.); Tel.: +886-3328-1200 (ext. 7813) (J.-T.H.); +886-3328-1200 (ext. 7805) (A.L.Y.); Fax: +886-3328-1200 (A.L.Y. & J.-T.H.)
| | - Alice L. Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-M.L.); (T.-H.H.); (J.K.T.); (J.Y.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California in San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-T.H.); (A.L.Y.); Tel.: +886-3328-1200 (ext. 7813) (J.-T.H.); +886-3328-1200 (ext. 7805) (A.L.Y.); Fax: +886-3328-1200 (A.L.Y. & J.-T.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Mansour AG, Xiao R, Bergin SM, Huang W, Chrislip LA, Zhang J, Ali S, Queen NJ, Caligiuri MA, Cao L. Enriched environment enhances NK cell maturation through hypothalamic BDNF in male mice. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:557-566. [PMID: 33169371 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macroenvironmental factors, including a patient's physical and social environment, play a role in cancer risk and progression. Our previous preclinical studies have shown that the enriched environment (EE) confers anti-obesity and anti-cancer phenotypes that are associated with enhanced adaptive immunity and are mediated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Natural killer (NK) cells have anti-cancer and anti-viral properties, and their absence or depletion is associated with inferior clinical outcomes. In this study, we investigated the effects of EE on NK cell maturation following their depletion. Mice living in EE displayed a higher proportion of NK cells in the spleen, bone marrow, and blood, compared to those living in the standard environment (SE). EE enhanced NK cell maturation in the spleen and was associated with upregulation of BDNF expression in the hypothalamus. Hypothalamic BDNF overexpression reproduced the EE effects on NK cell maturation in secondary lymphoid tissues. Conversely, hypothalamic BDNF knockdown blocked the EE modulation on NK cell maturation. Our results demonstrate that a bio-behavior intervention enhanced NK cell maturation and was mediated at least in part by hypothalamic BDNF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony G Mansour
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center and the Beckman Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Run Xiao
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Stephen M Bergin
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Logan A Chrislip
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center and the Beckman Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Seemaab Ali
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Nicholas J Queen
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center and the Beckman Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Lei Cao
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Minuzzi LG, da Conceição LR, Muñoz VR, Vieira RFL, Gaspar RC, da Silva ASR, Cintra DE, Pereira de Moura L, Ropelle ER, Teixeira AM, Pauli JR. Effects of short-term physical training on the interleukin-15 signalling pathway and glucose tolerance in aged rats. Cytokine 2021; 137:155306. [PMID: 33010727 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a myokine that has been proposed to modulate skeletal muscle and adipose tissue mass, as well as insulin sensitivity. However, the evidence suggesting a role for IL-15 in improving whole-body insulin sensitivity and decreasing adiposity comes mainly from studies using supraphysiological levels of this cytokine. This study examined the effect of a short-term exercise training protocol on the protein content of IL-15, it's signaling pathway, and glucose tolerance in aged rats. METHODS Fourteen Wistar rats were divided into Young Sedentary (Young, n = 4); Old Sedentary (Old, n = 5); Old Exercise (Old.Exe, n = 5) groups. The animals from the exercised group were submitted to a short-term physical exercise protocol for five days. At the end of physical training and after 16 h of the last exercise session, the animals were euthanized, and tissue collection was done. RESULTS Physical exercise decreased epididymal and mesenteric fat mass and promoted positive effects on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Muscle IL-15 protein levels were not changed following the short-term physical exercise training with no alterations in the post-exercise IL-15-JAK/STAT signaling pathway. We found a tendency to increased HIF1α and a significant increase in its regulator, PHD2, in the skeletal muscle after exercise. CONCLUSION The elderly rats submitted to short-term aerobic physical training did not present skeletal muscle alteration in the protein content of the IL-15 and IL-15-JAK/STAT signaling pathway. However, short-term aerobic physical training was able to modulate the expression of HIF1α and its regulator PHD2, suggesting an essential role of these proteins in improving post-exercise glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in elderly rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciele Guerra Minuzzi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; University of Coimbra Research, Center for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal; Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Renata da Conceição
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Rosetto Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Fudoli Lins Vieira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Calais Gaspar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino S R da Silva
- Post-graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics (LabGeN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; CEPECE - Center of Research in Sport Sciences. School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; CEPECE - Center of Research in Sport Sciences. School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Teixeira
- University of Coimbra Research, Center for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; CEPECE - Center of Research in Sport Sciences. School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Atwa MA, Ali SMM, Youssef N, Mahmoud Marie RES. Elevated serum level of interleukin-15 in vitiligo patients and its correlation with disease severity but not activity. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:2640-2644. [PMID: 33355977 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is a common acquired disorder of depigmentation. Its pathogenesis entails a T helper (Th) 1-cytotoxic T (cT) lymphocytes mediated autoimmune melanocyte destruction. Interleukin (IL)-15 is one of the IL-2 family of cytokines and shares several actions with IL-2. IL-15 enhances survival, maturation, and functional activity of natural killer, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. Furthermore, it potentiates survival, maturation, and cytotoxicity of memory cT cells. IL-15 has been shown to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases but was poorly investigated in patients with vitiligo. AIMS The study aimed at evaluating IL-15 level in the sera of patients with vitiligo and its association with vitiligo severity and activity. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 30 patients with nonsegmental vitiligo and 30 healthy controls. Vitiligo Extent Score (VES) and Vitiligo Disease Activity (VIDA) score were used to assess vitiligo severity and activity, respectively. Serum level of IL-15 was assessed by enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay. RESULTS Serum IL-15 level, in patients with vitiligo, was significantly higher in comparison with the control group (P = .001). A significant positive correlation was found between serum IL-15 level and VES score (P = .001), whereas there was no significant correlation between IL-15 level and VIDA score as well as the disease duration. CONCLUSION IL-15 level was elevated in the sera of patients with vitiligo. IL-15 may therefore have a significant impact on vitiligo autoimmune pathogenesis, and further identification of its molecular roles may highlight new therapeutic strategies for vitiligo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona A Atwa
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Sara Mohammed Mohammed Ali
- Department of Dermatology, Ministry of Health and Population, El Arish General Hospital, North Sinai, Egypt
| | - Nahed Youssef
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Radwa El-Sayed Mahmoud Marie
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Yang Y, Lundqvist A. Immunomodulatory Effects of IL-2 and IL-15; Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123586. [PMID: 33266177 PMCID: PMC7761238 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The type I cytokine family members interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-15 play important roles in the homeostasis of innate and adaptive immunity. Although IL-2 and IL-15 receptor complexes activate similar signal transduction cascades, triggering of these receptors results in different functional activities in lymphocytes. While IL-2 expands regulatory T cells and CD4+ helper T cells, IL-15 supports the development of central memory T cells and NK cells. Recent data have provided evidence that IL-2 and IL-15 differ in their ability to activate T and NK cells to resist various forms of immune suppression. The diverse roles of these two cytokines have on immune cells lead to critical therapeutic implications for cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the distinct roles of IL-2 and IL-15 in activating various functions in T and NK cells with a particular focus on the signals that participate in the resistance of tumor-derived immune suppressive factors. Furthermore, we summarize current clinical applications of IL-2 and IL-15 in metastatic malignancies, either as monotherapy or in combination with other agents, and highlight the future trends for research on these cytokine-based immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Respiratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 310009, China;
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lundqvist
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Simiczyjew A, Dratkiewicz E, Mazurkiewicz J, Ziętek M, Matkowski R, Nowak D. The Influence of Tumor Microenvironment on Immune Escape of Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8359. [PMID: 33171792 PMCID: PMC7664679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The low efficiency of currently-used anti-cancer therapies poses a serious challenge, especially in the case of malignant melanoma, a cancer characterized by elevated invasiveness and relatively high mortality rate. The role of the tumor microenvironment in the progression of melanoma and its acquisition of resistance to treatment seems to be the main focus of recent studies. One of the factors that, in normal conditions, aids the organism in its fight against the cancer and, following the malignant transformation, adapts to facilitate the development of the tumor is the immune system. A variety of cell types, i.e., T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic and natural killer cells, as well as neutrophils, support the growth and invasiveness of melanoma cells, utilizing a plethora of mechanisms, including secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules, induction of inhibitory receptors expression, or depletion of essential nutrients. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the processes regulated by tumor-associated cells that promote the immune escape of melanoma cells. The described mechanisms offer potential new targets for anti-cancer treatment and should be further studied to improve currently-employed therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Simiczyjew
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.D.); (J.M.); (D.N.)
| | - Ewelina Dratkiewicz
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.D.); (J.M.); (D.N.)
| | - Justyna Mazurkiewicz
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.D.); (J.M.); (D.N.)
| | - Marcin Ziętek
- Department of Oncology and Division of Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (R.M.)
- Wroclaw Comprehensive Cancer Center, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Matkowski
- Department of Oncology and Division of Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (R.M.)
- Wroclaw Comprehensive Cancer Center, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Nowak
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.D.); (J.M.); (D.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Chirdo FG, Auricchio S, Troncone R, Barone MV. The gliadin p31-43 peptide: Inducer of multiple proinflammatory effects. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 358:165-205. [PMID: 33707054 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coeliac disease (CD) is the prototype of an inflammatory chronic disease induced by food. In this context, gliadin p31-43 peptide comes into the spotlight as an important player of the inflammatory/innate immune response to gliadin in CD. The p31-43 peptide is part of the p31-55 peptide from α-gliadins that remains undigested for a long time, and can be present in the small intestine after ingestion of a gluten-containing diet. Different biophysical methods and molecular dynamic simulations have shown that p31-43 spontaneously forms oligomeric nanostructures, whereas experimental approaches using in vitro assays, mouse models, and human duodenal tissues have shown that p31-43 is able to induce different forms of cellular stress by driving multiple inflammatory pathways. Increased proliferative activity of the epithelial cells in the crypts, enterocyte stress, activation of TG2, induction of Ca2+, IL-15, and NFκB signaling, inhibition of CFTR, alteration of vesicular trafficking, and activation of the inflammasome platform are some of the biological effects of p31-43, which, in the presence of appropriate genetic susceptibility and environmental factors, may act together to drive CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gabriel Chirdo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos-IIFP (UNLP-CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Salvatore Auricchio
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Troncone
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University Federico II, Naples, Italy; Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Barone
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University Federico II, Naples, Italy; Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Asri N, Rostami-Nejad M, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Razzaghi M, Asadzadeh-Aghdaei H, Zali MR. Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Celiac Disease. Middle East J Dig Dis 2020; 12:229-237. [PMID: 33564379 PMCID: PMC7859609 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2020.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CeD) is a widespread autoimmune enteropathy caused by dietary gluten peptides in genetically susceptible individuals, which includes a range of intestinal and extraintestinal manifestations. Currently, there is no effective treatment for CeD other than strict adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). However, persistent or frequent symptoms and also partial villus atrophy were observed in some patients with CeD due to intentional or inadvertent gluten exposure during the use of GFD. It means that GFD alone is not enough to control CeD symptoms and long-term complications. Accordingly, new therapeutic approaches for CeD treatment such as gluten proteolysis, removing gluten from the digestive tract, promoting tight junction assembly, inhibiting intestinal tissue transglutaminase 2, using probiotics, and developing immunotherapeutic methods have been proposed through different strategies. This review focused on discussing the novel therapeutic strategies for CeD management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Asri
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Razzaghi
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh-Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Hassan QN, Queen NJ, Cao L. Regulation of aging and cancer by enhanced environmental activation of a hypothalamic-sympathoneural-adipocyte axis. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:5687-5699. [PMID: 33134111 PMCID: PMC7595574 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2020.02.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Social and environmental factors impact cancer and energy balance profoundly. Years ago, our lab established the existence of a novel brain-fat interaction we termed the "hypothalamic-sympathoneural-adipocyte (HSA) axis", through which complex environmental stimuli provided by an enriched environment regulate body composition, energy balance, and development of cancer. We have spent a significant portion of the past decade to further characterize the broad health benefits of an enriched environment (for example, leanness, enhanced immune function, and cancer resistance), and to identify mediators in the brain and periphery along the HSA axis. This review summarizes our recent work regarding the interface between endocrinology, immunology, cancer biology, aging, and neuroscience. We will discuss the interplay between these systemic phenomena and how the HSA axis can be targeted for regulation of cancer and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quais N. Hassan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Queen
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes specialized in immune surveillance against tumors and infections. To reach their optimal functional status, NK cells must undergo a process of maturation from immature to mature NK cells. Genetically modified mice, as well as in vivo and in vitro NK cell differentiation assays, have begun to reveal the landscape of the regulatory network involved in NK cell maturation, in which a balance of cytokine signaling pathways leads to an optimal coordination of transcription factor activity. An increased understanding of NK cell maturation will greatly promote the development and application of NK cell-based clinical therapy. Thus, in this review, we summarize the dynamics of NK cell maturation, describe recently identified factors involved in the regulation of the NK cell maturation process, including cytokines and transcription factors, and discuss the importance of NK cell maturation in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuefu Wang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunity Disease, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Cooperating, congenital neutropenia-associated Csf3r and Runx1 mutations activate pro-inflammatory signaling and inhibit myeloid differentiation of mouse HSPCs. Ann Hematol 2020; 99:2329-2338. [PMID: 32821971 PMCID: PMC7481169 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-04194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Patients with the pre-leukemia bone marrow failure syndrome called severe congenital neutropenia (CN) have an approximately 15% risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia (AML; called here CN/AML). Most CN/AML patients co-acquire CSF3R and RUNX1 mutations, which play cooperative roles in the development of AML. To establish an in vitro model of leukemogenesis, we utilized bone marrow lin- cells from transgenic C57BL/6-d715 Csf3r mice expressing a CN patient-mimicking truncated CSF3R mutation. We transduced these cells with vectors encoding RUNX1 wild type (WT) or RUNX1 mutant proteins carrying the R139G or R174L mutations. Cells transduced with these RUNX1 mutants showed diminished in vitro myeloid differentiation and elevated replating capacity, compared with those expressing WT RUNX1. mRNA expression analysis showed that cells transduced with the RUNX1 mutants exhibited hyperactivation of inflammatory signaling and innate immunity pathways, including IL-6, TLR, NF-kappaB, IFN, and TREM1 signaling. These data suggest that the expression of mutated RUNX1 in a CSF3R-mutated background may activate the pro-inflammatory cell state and inhibit myeloid differentiation.
Collapse
|
97
|
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Induced Cell Death in Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155356. [PMID: 32731491 PMCID: PMC7432812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen responsible for the cause of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. P. aeruginosa isthe leading species isolated from patients with nosocomial infection and is detected in almost all the patients with long term ventilation in critical care units. P. aeruginosa infection is also the leading cause of deleterious chronic lung infections in patients suffering from cystic fibrosis as well as the major reason for morbidity in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. P. aeruginosa infections are linked to diseases with high mortality rates and are challenging for treatment, for which no effective remedies have been developed. Massive lung epithelial cell death is a hallmark of severe acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by P. aeruginosa infection. Lung epithelial cell death poses serious challenges to air barrier and structural integrity that may lead to edema, cytokine secretion, inflammatory infiltration, and hypoxia. Here we review different types of cell death caused by P. aeruginosa serving as a starting point for the diseases it is responsible for causing. We also review the different mechanisms of cell death and potential therapeutics in countering the serious challenges presented by this deadly bacterium.
Collapse
|
98
|
Role of Myokines in Myositis Pathogenesis and Their Potential to be New Therapeutic Targets in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:9079083. [PMID: 32775472 PMCID: PMC7396002 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9079083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) represent a heterogeneous group of autoimmune diseases whose treatment is often a challenge. Many patients, even after immunosuppressive therapy, do not respond to treatment, so new alternatives have been sought for this. Therefore, other signaling pathways that could contribute to the pathogenesis of myositis have been investigated, such as the expression of myokines in skeletal muscle in response to the inflammatory process. In this review, we will refer to these muscle cytokines that are overexpressed or downregulated in skeletal muscle in patients with various forms of IIM, thus being able to contribute to the maintenance of the autoimmune process. Some muscle cytokines, through their antagonistic action, may be a helpful contributor to the disease modulation, and thus, they could represent personalized treatment targets. Here, we consider the main myokines involved in the pathogenesis of myositis, expressing our view on the possibility of using them as potential therapeutic targets: interleukins IL-6, IL-15, and IL-18; chemokines CXCL10, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, and CCL20; myostatin; follistatin; decorin; osteonectin; and insulin-like 6. An interesting topic regarding the complex connection between myokines and noninflammatory pathways implied in IIM has also been briefly described, because it is an important scientific approach to the pathogenesis of IIM and can be a therapeutic alternative to be considered, especially for the patients who do not respond to immunosuppressive treatment.
Collapse
|
99
|
Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived natural killer cells gene-modified to express chimeric antigen receptor-targeting solid tumors. Int J Hematol 2020; 114:572-579. [PMID: 32705572 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-020-02951-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of allogeneic, pluripotent stem cell-derived immune cells for cancer immunotherapy has been the subject of recent research, including clinical trials. The use of pluripotent stem cells as the source for allogeneic immune cells facilitates stringent quality control of the final product, regarding efficacy, safety, and producibility. In this review, we have described the characteristics of natural killer (NK) cells from multiple cell sources, including pluripotent stem cells, the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modification method and strategy for these NK cells, and the current and planned clinical trials of CAR-modified induced pluripotent stem cell-derived NK cells.
Collapse
|
100
|
Aghamohamadi E, Kokhaei P, Rostami-Nejad M, Pak F, Rostami K, Moradi A, Pourhoseingholi MA, Chaleshi V, Masotti A, Zali MR. Serum Level and Gene Expression of Interleukin-15 Do Not Correlate with Villous Atrophy in Celiac Disease Patients. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2020; 24:502-507. [PMID: 32700980 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2019.0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a key player in the pathogenesis of celiac disease (CD). We investigated the functional role of IL-15 in the process of epithelial cell phenotypic modification at different stages of CD. Materials and Methods: In this study, we looked for correlations between the IL-15 mRNA levels in duodenal tissue and serum protein levels in a cohort of Iranian patients affected by CD based on the degree of histopathology. Ninety-five formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded duodenal tissue specimens were collected: 23 with a Marsh I value; 30 with a Marsh II value; 32 with a Marsh III value; and 10 normal controls. The expression levels of the IL-15 gene in these biopsy specimens were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and IL-15 serum protein concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compared to tissue expression. Results: The IL-15 mRNA levels were higher in patients with Marsh II compared with the control group, and the Marsh I, and Marsh III groups. The differences between the Marsh II and Marsh I patients were statistically significant (p = 0.03). Similarly, the serum concentration of IL-15 was higher in Marsh II patients compared to those with Marsh I and Marsh III lesions, although the differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.221). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that IL-15 gene expression might be elevated only in the early stages of CD onset (and histological damage) and that IL-15 serum levels do not significantly correlate with its tissue expression whatever the degree of histopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Aghamohamadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Parviz Kokhaei
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Pak
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Kamran Rostami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mid Central DHB, Palmerston Hospital, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Afshin Moradi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Amin Pourhoseingholi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Chaleshi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|