51
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He Y, Wang K, Zeng Y, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Wang S. Analysis of the antennal transcriptome and odorant-binding protein expression profiles of the parasitoid wasp Encarsia formosa. Genomics 2020; 112:2291-2301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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52
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Zhao YJ, Li GC, Zhu JY, Liu NY. Genome-based analysis reveals a novel SNMP group of the Coleoptera and chemosensory receptors in Rhaphuma horsfieldi. Genomics 2020; 112:2713-2728. [PMID: 32145380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Through an exhaustive homology-based approach, coupled with manual efforts, we annotated and characterized 128 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) from genomes and transcriptomes of 22 coleopteran species, with 107 novel candidates. Remarkably, we discovered, for the first time, a novel SNMP group, defined as Group 4 based on the phylogeny, sequence characteristics, gene structure and organization. The lineage-specific expansions in SNMPs occurred mainly in the family Scarabaeidae, harboring 12 representatives in Onthophagus taurus as a typical gene duplication and the most massive set of SNMPs in insects to date. Transcriptome sequencing of Rhaphuma horsfieldi resulted in the yields of approximately 611.9 million clean reads that were further assembled into 543,841 transcripts and 327,550 unigenes, respectively. From the transcriptome, 177 transcripts encoding 84 odorant (ORs), 62 gustatory (GRs), 20 ionotropic (IRs), and 11 ionotropic glutamate (iGluRs) receptors were identified. Phylogenetic analysis classified RhorORs into six groups, RhorGRs into four subfamilies, and RhorIRs into 10 conserved antennal IRs and one divergent IRs. Expression profiles revealed that over 80% of chemosensory genes were specifically or highly transcribed in antennae or tarsi, suggestive of their olfactory and/or gustatory roles. This study has greatly complemented the resources for chemosensory genes in the cerambycid beetles, and most importantly, identifies a novel group of SNMPs in Coleoptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Gen-Ceng Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Jia-Ying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Nai-Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
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53
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Wu H, Liu Y, Shi X, Zhang X, Ye C, Zhu KY, Zhu F, Zhang J, Ma E. Transcriptome analysis of antennal cytochrome P450s and their transcriptional responses to plant and locust volatiles in Locusta migratoria. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:741-753. [PMID: 32018005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) constitute a large superfamily of heme-thiolate proteins that are involved in the biosynthesis or degradation of endogenous compounds and detoxification of exogenous chemicals. It has been reported that P450s could serve as odorant-degrading enzymes (ODEs) to inactivate odorants to avoid saturating the antennae. However, there is little information about P450s in the antennae of Locusta migratoria. In the current work, we conducted an antenna transcriptome analysis and identified 92 P450s, including 68 full-length and 24 partial sequences. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 68 full-length P450s were grouped into four clans: CYP2, CYP3, CYP4, and mitochondria clans. Tissue, stage, and sex-dependent expressions of these 68 P450s were investigated. The results showed that 4 P450s were antenna-specific, whereas others were antenna-rich but also expressed in other tissues, implying their various potential roles in the antennae. In addition, the responses of seven selected P450s to five gramineous plant volatiles and four locust volatiles were determined. CYP6MU1 could be induced by almost all compounds tested, suggesting its important roles in odorant processing. Different P450s exhibited diverse responses to odorants, indicating that specific regulation of P450 expression by odorants might modulate the sensitivity of the olfactory responses to various chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Wu
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xuekai Shi
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xueyao Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Changlü Ye
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Kun Yan Zhu
- Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Fang Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
| | - Enbo Ma
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
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54
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Mitchell RF, Schneider TM, Schwartz AM, Andersson MN, McKenna DD. The diversity and evolution of odorant receptors in beetles (Coleoptera). INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 29:77-91. [PMID: 31381201 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The insect odorant receptors (ORs) are amongst the largest gene families in insect genomes and the primary means by which insects recognize volatile compounds. The evolution of ORs is thus instrumental in explaining the chemical ecology of insects and as a model of evolutionary biology. However, although ORs have been described from numerous insect species, their analysis within and amongst the insect orders has been hindered by a combination of limited genomic information and a tendency of the OR family toward rapid divergence, gain, and loss. We addressed these issues in the insect order Coleoptera through a targeted genomic annotation effort that included 1181 ORs from one species of the sister order Strepsiptera and 10 species representing the four coleopteran suborders. The numbers of ORs in each species varied from hundreds to fewer than 10, but coleopteran ORs could nevertheless be represented within a scheme of nine monophyletic subfamilies. We observed many radiations and losses of genes amongst OR subfamilies, and the diversity of ORs appeared to parallel the host breadth of the study species. However, some small lineages of ORs persisted amongst many coleopteran families, suggesting receptors of key function that underlie the olfactory ecology of beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Mitchell
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI, USA
| | - T M Schneider
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI, USA
| | - A M Schwartz
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI, USA
| | - M N Andersson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - D D McKenna
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
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55
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Carrasco D, Nyabuga FN, Anderbrant O, Svensson GP, Birgersson G, Lankinen Å, Larsson MC, Andersson MN. Characterization of olfactory sensory neurons in the red clover seed weevil, Protapion trifolii (Coleoptera: Brentidae) and comparison to the closely related species P. fulvipes. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 119:103948. [PMID: 31539550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.103948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Protapion trifolii and P. fulvipes (Coleoptera: Brentidae) are major pests in European clover seed production. Previous studies have reported a high host plant fidelity of these weevils for red and white clover species, respectively, driven by host plant olfactory cues. Given the specific host preferences observed in these weevils, we aimed to elucidate to which extent such selectivity is reflected in their peripheral olfactory systems. Using an electrophysiological approach, we performed the first functional characterisation of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in P. trifolii to a panel of volatile compounds emitted by red clover plants, and compared the results with the reported OSN types of P. fulvipes. Nineteen OSN classes were characterized in P. trifolii, with the majority of these neurons responding strongly to common volatiles released by the host plant. Based on response profiles, eight of these OSN classes have clear matches to OSN classes in P. fulvipes. The OSN colocalisation patterns and antennal frequency of these classes are similar in the two species. Additionally, the responses of these OSNs are generally highly conserved in the two species, with clear response shifts only revealed for two of the OSN classes. These response shifts in combination with additional response dissimilarities for compounds that vary in abundance between red and white clover plants may underlie the species-specific host preferences. Further behavioural and field experiments should focus on these differentially detected compounds to elucidate their potential role in host selection and use in semiochemical-based control of these pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Carrasco
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Franklin N Nyabuga
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Olle Anderbrant
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Glenn P Svensson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Göran Birgersson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Åsa Lankinen
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Mattias C Larsson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Martin N Andersson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
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56
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Identification of candidate chemosensory genes of Ophraella communa LeSage (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) based on antennal transcriptome analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15551. [PMID: 31664149 PMCID: PMC6820725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antennal olfaction plays a key role in insect survival, which mediates important behaviors like host search, mate choice, and oviposition site selection. As an oligophagous insect, olfaction is extremely important for Ophraella communa to locate host plants. However, information on the olfactory genes has been lacking in O. communa. Using next generation sequencing, we assembled the antennal transcriptome of O. communa and first reported the major chemosensory genes necessary for olfaction in this species. In this study, a total 105 candidate chemosensory genes were identified in O. communa antennae, including 25 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 11 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), four sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), 30 odorant receptors (ORs), 18 ionotropic receptors (IRs), and 17 gustatory receptors (GRs). We also identified full-length sequences of the highly conserved ORco and IR8a/25a family in O. communa. In addition, the expression profile of 15 ORs and four OBPs were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). We found that OcomOR2/4/19 and OcomOBP19/20 had a biased expression in male antennae, and OcomOR8 had a biased expression in the female antennae. This large number of chemosensory genes handled by homology analysis and qPCR results will provide the first insights into molecular basis for the olfactory systems of O. communa as well as advance our understanding of olfactory mechanisms in Coleoptera.
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57
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Cui Y, Kang C, Wu Z, Lin J. Identification and Expression Analyses of Olfactory Gene Families in the Rice Grasshopper, Oxya chinensis, From Antennal Transcriptomes. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1223. [PMID: 31616318 PMCID: PMC6775195 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rice grasshopper Oxya chinensis is an important agricultural pest of rice and other gramineous plants. Chemosensory genes are crucial factors in direct interactions with odorants in the olfactory process. Here we identified genes encoding 18 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 13 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 94 olfactory receptors (ORs), 12 ionotropic receptors (IRs), and two sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) from O. chinensis using an transcriptomic approach. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR assays revealed that six OBP-encoding genes (OchiOBP4, 5, 8, 9, 10, and 14), one CSP gene (OchiOBP10) and two IR genes (OchiIR28 and 29) were exclusively expressed in antennae, suggesting their roles in olfaction. Real-time quantitative PCR analyses revealed that genes expressed exclusively or predominantly in antennae also displayed significant differences in expression levels between males and females. Among the differentially expressed genes, 17 OR-encoding genes, one CSP- and one SNMP-gene showed female-biased expression, suggesting that they may be involved in some female-specific behaviors such as seeking oviposition site; whereas the three remaining OR-encoding genes showed male-biased expression, indicating their possible roles in sensing female sex pheromones. Our results laid a solid foundation for future studies to reveal olfactory mechanisms as well as designing strategies for controlling this rice pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cui
- Guang Zhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Kang
- Guang Zhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongzhen Wu
- Guang Zhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jintian Lin
- Guang Zhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
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58
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Noriega DD, Arias PL, Barbosa HR, Arraes FBM, Ossa GA, Villegas B, Coelho RR, Albuquerque EVS, Togawa RC, Grynberg P, Wang H, Vélez AM, Arboleda JW, Grossi-de-Sa MF, Silva MCM, Valencia-Jiménez A. Transcriptome and gene expression analysis of three developmental stages of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12804. [PMID: 31488852 PMCID: PMC6728347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee production is a global industry valued at approximately 173 billion US dollars. One of the main challenges facing coffee production is the management of the coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei, which is considered the primary arthropod pest of coffee worldwide. Current control strategies are inefficient for CBB management. Although biotechnological alternatives, including RNA interference (RNAi), have been proposed in recent years to control insect pests, characterizing the genetics of the target pest is essential for the successful application of these emerging technologies. In this study, we employed RNA-seq to obtain the transcriptome of three developmental stages of the CBB (larva, female and male) to increase our understanding of the CBB life cycle in relation to molecular features. The CBB transcriptome was sequenced using Illumina Hiseq and assembled de novo. Differential gene expression analysis was performed across the developmental stages. The final assembly produced 29,434 unigenes, of which 4,664 transcripts were differentially expressed. Genes linked to crucial physiological functions, such as digestion and detoxification, were determined to be tightly regulated between the reproductive and nonreproductive stages of CBB. The data obtained in this study help to elucidate the critical roles that several genes play as regulatory elements in CBB development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Noriega
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil.
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília-DF, Brazil.
| | - Paula L Arias
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Helena R Barbosa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília-DF, Brazil
- Biotechnology Center, UFRGS, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
| | - Fabricio B M Arraes
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília-DF, Brazil
- Biotechnology Center, UFRGS, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A Ossa
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Bernardo Villegas
- Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Roberta R Coelho
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto C Togawa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | | | - Haichuan Wang
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Ana M Vélez
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Jorge W Arboleda
- Centro de Investigaciones en Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo - CIMAD, Universidad de Manizales, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
| | - Maria F Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília-DF, Brazil.
- Catholic University of Brasília - Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Brasília-DF, Brazil.
| | - Maria C M Silva
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília-DF, Brazil
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59
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Andersson MN, Keeling CI, Mitchell RF. Genomic content of chemosensory genes correlates with host range in wood-boring beetles (Dendroctonus ponderosae, Agrilus planipennis, and Anoplophora glabripennis). BMC Genomics 2019; 20:690. [PMID: 31477011 PMCID: PMC6720082 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Olfaction and gustation underlie behaviors that are crucial for insect fitness, such as host and mate selection. The detection of semiochemicals is mediated via proteins from large and rapidly evolving chemosensory gene families; however, the links between a species’ ecology and the diversification of these genes remain poorly understood. Hence, we annotated the chemosensory genes from genomes of select wood-boring coleopterans, and compared the gene repertoires from stenophagous species with those from polyphagous species. Results We annotated 86 odorant receptors (ORs), 60 gustatory receptors (GRs), 57 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 4 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), 36 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), and 11 chemosensory proteins (CSPs) in the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), and 47 ORs, 30 GRs, 31 IRs, 4 SNMPs, 12 OBPs, and 14 CSPs in the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis). Four SNMPs and 17 CSPs were annotated in the polyphagous wood-borer Anoplophora glabripennis. The gene repertoires in the stenophagous D. ponderosae and A. planipennis are reduced compared with those in the polyphagous A. glabripennis and T. castaneum, which is largely manifested through small gene lineage expansions and entire lineage losses. Alternative splicing of GR genes was limited in D. ponderosae and apparently absent in A. planipennis, which also seems to have lost one carbon dioxide receptor (GR1). A. planipennis has two SNMPs, which are related to SNMP3 in T. castaneum. D. ponderosae has two alternatively spliced OBP genes, a novel OBP “tetramer”, and as many as eleven IR75 members. Simple orthology was generally rare in beetles; however, we found one clade with orthologues of putative bitter-taste GRs (named the “GR215 clade”), and conservation of IR60a from Drosophila melanogaster. Conclusions Our genome annotations represent important quantitative and qualitative improvements of the original datasets derived from transcriptomes of D. ponderosae and A. planipennis, facilitating evolutionary analysis of chemosensory genes in the Coleoptera where only a few genomes were previously annotated. Our analysis suggests a correlation between chemosensory gene content and host specificity in beetles. Future studies should include additional species to consolidate this correlation, and functionally characterize identified proteins as an important step towards improved control of these pests. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-6054-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin N Andersson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Christopher I Keeling
- Laurentian Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 1055 rue du P.E.P.S, Stn. Sainte-Foy, P.O. Box 10380, Québec, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada.,Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, 1045, av. de la Médecine, local 3428, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Robert F Mitchell
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI, 54901, USA
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60
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Zhou LY, Li W, Liu HY, Xiang F, Kang YK, Yin X, Huang AP, Wang YJ. Systemic identification and analyses of genes potentially involved in chemosensory in the devastating tea pest Basilepta melanopus. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2019; 31:100586. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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61
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González-González A, Rubio-Meléndez ME, Ballesteros GI, Ramírez CC, Palma-Millanao R. Sex- and tissue-specific expression of odorant-binding proteins and chemosensory proteins in adults of the scarab beetle Hylamorpha elegans (Burmeister) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). PeerJ 2019; 7:e7054. [PMID: 31223529 PMCID: PMC6571001 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we addressed the sex- and tissue-specific expression patterns of odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and chemosensory proteins (CSPs) in Hylamorpha elegans (Burmeister), an important native scarab beetle pest species from Chile. Similar to other members of its family, this scarab beetle exhibit habits that make difficult to control the pest by conventional methods. Hence, alternative ways to manage the pest populations based on chemical communication and signaling (such as disrupting mating or host finding process) are highly desirable. However, developing pest-control methods based on chemical communication requires to understand the molecular basis for pheromone recognition/chemical perception in this species. Thus, with the aim of discovering olfaction-related genes, we obtained the first reference transcriptome assembly of H. elegans. We used different tissues of adult beetles from males and females: antennae and maxillary palps, which are well known for embedded sensory organs. Then, the expression of predicted odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and chemosensory proteins (CSPs) was analyzed by qRT-PCR. In total, 165 transcripts related to chemoperception were predicted. Of these, 16 OBPs, including one pheromone-binding protein (PBP), and four CSPs were successfully amplified by qRT-PCR. All of these genes were differentially expressed in the sensory tissues with respect to the tibial tissue that was used as a control. The single predicted PBP found was highly expressed in the antennal tissues, particularly in males, while several OBPs and one CSP showed male-biased expression patterns, suggesting that these proteins may participate in sexual recognition process. In addition, a single CSP was expressed at higher levels in female palps than in any other studied condition, suggesting that this CSP would participate in oviposition process. Finally, all four CSPs exhibited palp-biased expression while mixed results were obtained for the expression of the OBPs, which were more abundant in the palps than in the antennae. These results suggest that these chemoperception proteins would be interesting novel targets for control of H. elegans, thus providing a theoretical basis for further studies involving new pest control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica González-González
- Centre in Molecular and Functional Ecology, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.,Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - María E Rubio-Meléndez
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Maule, Chile
| | - Gabriel I Ballesteros
- Centre in Molecular and Functional Ecology, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.,Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Claudio C Ramírez
- Centre in Molecular and Functional Ecology, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.,Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Rubén Palma-Millanao
- Centre in Molecular and Functional Ecology, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.,Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
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62
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Zhang X, Yang S, Zhang J, Wang X, Wang S, Liu M, Xi J. Identification and expression analysis of candidate chemosensory receptors based on the antennal transcriptome of Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2019; 30:133-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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63
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Bari G, Scala A, Garzone V, Salvia R, Yalcin C, Vernile P, Aresta AM, Facini O, Baraldi R, Bufo SA, Vogel H, de Lillo E, Rapparini F, Falabella P. Chemical Ecology of Capnodis tenebrionis (L.) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae): Behavioral and Biochemical Strategies for Intraspecific and Host Interactions. Front Physiol 2019; 10:604. [PMID: 31191334 PMCID: PMC6545930 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on several aspects of communication strategies adopted by adults of the Mediterranean flat-headed root-borer Capnodis tenebrionis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Morphological studies on the structures involved in mate recognition and acceptance revealed the presence of porous areas in the pronota in both sexes. These areas were variable in shape and size, but proportionally larger in males. The presence of chaetic, basiconic, and coeloconic sensilla in the antennae of both males and females was verified. Bioassays revealed stereotyped rituals in males and the involvement of female pronotal secretions in mate recognition and acceptance. During the mating assays, the female's pronotum was covered by a biologically inert polymeric resin (DenFilTM), which prevented males from detecting the secretions and from completing the copulation ritual. The use of the resin allowed for the collection of chemical compounds. GC-MS analysis of the resin suggested it may be used to retain compounds from insect body surfaces and revealed sex-specific chemical profiles in the cuticles. Since adult C. tenebrionis may use volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from leaves or shoots, the VOC emission profiles of apricot trees were characterized. Several volatiles related to plant-insect interactions involving fruit tree species of the Rosaceae family and buprestid beetles were identified. To improve understanding of how VOCs are perceived, candidate soluble olfactory proteins involved in chemoreception (odorant-binding proteins and chemosensory proteins) were identified using tissue and sex-specific RNA-seq data. The implications for chemical identification, physiological and ecological functions in intraspecific communication and insect-host interactions are discussed and potential applications for monitoring presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bari
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Scala
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Vita Garzone
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosanna Salvia
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Cem Yalcin
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Syngenta, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Pasqua Vernile
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Osvaldo Facini
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Biometeorology Institute, National Research Council, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Biometeorology Institute, National Research Council, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabino A. Bufo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Heiko Vogel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Enrico de Lillo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Rapparini
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Biometeorology Institute, National Research Council, Bologna, Italy
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Shin S, Clarke DJ, Lemmon AR, Moriarty Lemmon E, Aitken AL, Haddad S, Farrell BD, Marvaldi AE, Oberprieler RG, McKenna DD. Phylogenomic Data Yield New and Robust Insights into the Phylogeny and Evolution of Weevils. Mol Biol Evol 2019; 35:823-836. [PMID: 29294021 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The phylogeny and evolution of weevils (the beetle superfamily Curculionoidea) has been extensively studied, but many relationships, especially in the large family Curculionidae (true weevils; > 50,000 species), remain uncertain. We used phylogenomic methods to obtain DNA sequences from 522 protein-coding genes for representatives of all families of weevils and all subfamilies of Curculionidae. Most of our phylogenomic results had strong statistical support, and the inferred relationships were generally congruent with those reported in previous studies, but with some interesting exceptions. Notably, the backbone relationships of the weevil phylogeny were consistently strongly supported, and the former Nemonychidae (pine flower snout beetles) were polyphyletic, with the subfamily Cimberidinae (here elevated to Cimberididae) placed as sister group of all other weevils. The clade comprising the sister families Brentidae (straight-snouted weevils) and Curculionidae was maximally supported and the composition of both families was firmly established. The contributions of substitution modeling, codon usage and/or mutational bias to differences between trees reconstructed from amino acid and nucleotide sequences were explored. A reconstructed timetree for weevils is consistent with a Mesozoic radiation of gymnosperm-associated taxa to form most extant families and diversification of Curculionidae alongside flowering plants-first monocots, then other groups-beginning in the Cretaceous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunggwan Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN
| | - Dave J Clarke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN
| | - Alan R Lemmon
- Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | | | | | - Stephanie Haddad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN
| | - Brian D Farrell
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Adriana E Marvaldi
- CONICET, División Entomología, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Duane D McKenna
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN
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Liu H, Zhang X, Liu C, Liu Y, Mei X, Zhang T. Identification and expression of candidate chemosensory receptors in the white-spotted flower chafer, Protaetia brevitarsis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3339. [PMID: 30833589 PMCID: PMC6399352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38896-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate detection and recognition of chemical signals play extremely important roles for insects in their survival and reproduction. Chemosensory receptors, including odorant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs) and gustatory receptors (GRs), are involved in detection of volatile signals. In the present study, we aimed to identify candidate chemosensory receptors, and RNA-seq technology was employed to sequence the antennal transcriptome of Protaetia brevitarsis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae), a native agricultural and horticultural pest in East-Asia. According to the sequence similarity analysis, we identified 72 PbreORs, 11 PbreGRs and eight PbreIRs. Among PbreORs, PbreOR2, PbreOR33 and PbreOR53 were preliminarily classified into pheromone receptors. Further qRT-PCR analysis indicated that 11 PbreORs were specifically expressed in the antennae of male P. brevitarsis, whereas 23 PbreORs were specifically expressed in the female antennae. Our results laid a solid foundation for further functional elucidations of insect chemoreceptors, which could be used as the potential targets of pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Liu
- Agriculture College, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, 464000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province/Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding, 071000, P. R. China
| | - Chunqin Liu
- Cangzhou Technical College, Cangzhou, 061001, P. R. China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiangdong Mei
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province/Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding, 071000, P. R. China.
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66
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Identification and expression profiling of candidate chemosensory membrane proteins in the band-winged grasshopper, Oedaleus asiaticus. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2019; 30:33-44. [PMID: 30771563 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The band-winged grasshopper Oedaleus asiaticus (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) is an important insect pest in north China. Chemosensory membrane proteins are believed to be crucial factors in direct interactions with odorants in the chemosensory process. However, there is much limited information on the chemosensory system in this pest. In this study, a total of 69 candidate chemosensory membrane protein genes, including 60 olfactory receptors (ORs), 6 ionotropic receptors (IRs) and 3 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), were identified for the first time from the antennal transcriptomes of O. asiaticus. Blastp match and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that these chemosensory membrane proteins were the closest to their orthologous species, Locusta migratoria. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that all tested 14 OR and two SNMP genes (OasiSNMP1 and OasiSNMP2a) were strongly expressed in adult antennae, and nearly all tested genes (15/16) displayed significant differences in the expression levels between both sexes. Moreover, two IR genes (OasiIR25a and OasiIR76b) had uniquely high expression levels in the antennae, labial palps and maxillary palps, while three IR genes (OasiIR1, OasiIR2 and OasiIR3) were highly expressed in most tested tissues (heads without antennae and mouthparts, labial palps, maxillary palps, labia without labial palps, thoraxes, tarsi, and abdomens) except for antennae, labra, and wings but OasiIR5a was just faintly expressed in the antennae, labia without labial palps, labial palps, maxillary palps and abdomen. Our results provide important molecular information for further investigation on the chemoreception mechanisms in O. asiaticus.
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67
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Wang J, Gao P, Luo Y, Tao J. Characterization and expression profiling of odorant-binding proteins in Anoplophora glabripennis Motsch. Gene 2019; 693:25-36. [PMID: 30695713 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In insects, olfaction plays a critical role in locating hosts, recognizing mates, and selecting oviposition sites. The Asian long-horned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky) feeds on 43 species of trees in 15 families, but its chemosensory mechanisms are poorly understood. Herein, genes encoding 61 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) were identified from the published genome and our previous A. glabripennis transcriptomic data. To investigate their physiological functions, we performed expression profiling of all AglaOBPs in the antennae, legs, and maxillary palps of both sexes. Phylogenetic analysis clustered A. glabripennis OBPs into four subgroups, comprising 29 Minus-C OBPs, 15 Antennae-binding proteins (ABPIIs), 10 Classic OBPs, and one Plus-C OBP. 12 AglaOBP genes were expressed specifically in antennae, and AglaOBP3, AglaOBP18, AglaOBP21, AglaOBP33, AglaOBP41, AglaOBP45, and AglaOBP47 were particularly highly expressed in male antennae. These proteins may function in the detection of female sex pheromones. AglaOBP23 and AglaOBP44 were preferentially expressed in maxillary palps. Expression profiling suggests that many OBPs may be involved in olfaction and gustation, in addition to carrying hydrophobic molecules. The AglaOBPs family has acquired functional diversity concurrently with functional constraints, and further investigation could provide insight into the roles of OBPs in chemoreception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Peng Gao
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Youqing Luo
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Jing Tao
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
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68
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Yin J, Wang C, Fang C, Zhang S, Cao Y, Li K, Leal WS. Functional characterization of odorant-binding proteins from the scarab beetle Holotrichia oblita based on semiochemical-induced expression alteration and gene silencing. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 104:11-19. [PMID: 30423422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of next-generation sequencing, it is now possible to rapidly identify the entire repertoire of olfactory genes likely to be involved in chemical communication of an insect species. It remains, however, a challenge to identify olfactory proteins, such as odorant receptors and odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), vis-à-vis the odorants they detect. It has been reported that exposing the olfactory system to a physiologically relevant odorant alters the transcript levels of odorant receptor(s) involved in the detection of the tested odorant. We applied this paradigm in an attempt to identify putative OBPs from the scarab beetle Holotrichia oblita involved in the reception of plant-derived kairomones. Twenty-nine OBP genes were identified in the H. oblita transcriptome, 20 of which were enriched in antennae compared with nonolfactory tissues. Of these, 2 OBP genes, HoblOBP13 and HoblOBP9, were upregulated upon exposure to one of the female attractants (E)-2-hexenol and phenethyl alcohol; none of the OBP transcripts changed upon exposure to methyl anthranilate, which does not attract H. oblita females. Binding assays showed that HoblOBP13 and HoblOBP9 have high affinity for (E)-2-hexenol and phenethyl alcohol, respectively. RNAi treatment showed that transcripts of both HoblOBP13 and HoblOBP9 declined in a time-course manner 24-72 h postinjection. OBP-dsRNA-treated female beetles showed significantly lower attraction to (E)-2-hexenol and phenethyl alcohol than did water-injected beetles and those treated with GFP-dsRNA. We, therefore, concluded that HoblOBP13 and HoblOBP9 are essential for H. oblita reception of the plant-derived kairomones (E)-2-hexenol and phenethyl alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chiqin Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yazhong Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kebin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Water S Leal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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69
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Zhang Y, Tan Y, Zhou XR, Pang BP. A whole-body transcriptome analysis and expression profiling of odorant binding protein genes in Oedaleus infernalis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2018; 28:134-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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70
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Transcriptome characterization and gene expression analysis related to chemoreception in Trichogramma chilonis, an egg parasitoid. Gene 2018; 678:288-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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71
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Identification of candidate olfactory genes in cicada Subpsaltria yangi by antennal transcriptome analysis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2018; 28:122-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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72
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Identification of candidate chemosensory receptors in the antennal transcriptome of the large black chafer Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2018; 28:63-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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73
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Wen X, Wang Q, Gao P, Wen J. Identification and Comparison of Chemosensory Genes in the Antennal Transcriptomes of Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus and E. brandti Fed on Ailanthus altissima. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1652. [PMID: 30515106 PMCID: PMC6256065 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The key to the coexistence of two or more species on the same host is ecological niche separation. Adult Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus and E. brandti both feed on the tree of heaven, Ailanthus altissima, but on different sections of the plant. Olfaction plays a vital role in foraging for food resources. Chemosensory genes on the antennae, the main organ for insect olfaction, might explain their feeding differentiation. In the present study, we identified 130 and 129 putative chemosensory genes in E. scrobiculatus and E. brandti, respectively, by antennal transcriptome sequencing, including 31 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 11 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 49 odorant receptors (ORs), 17 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 19 gustatory receptors (GRs), and three sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) in E. scrobiculatus and 28 OBPs, 11 CSPs, 45 ORs, 25 IRs, 17 GRs, and three SNMPs in E. brandti. We inferred that EscrOBP8 (EscrPBP1), EscrOBP24 (EscrPBP2) and EbraOBP8 (EbraPBP1), EbraOBP24 (EbraPBP2) were putative PBPs by the phylogenetic analysis. We identified species-specific OR transcripts (10 EscrORs and 8 EbraORs) with potential roles in the recognition of specific volatiles of A. altissima. In addition to conserved “antennal IRs,” we also found several “divergent IRs” orthologues in E. scrobiculatus and E. brandti, such as EscrIR16, EbraIR19, and EbraIR20. Compared with other chemosensory genes, GRs between E. scrobiculatus and E. brandti shared lower amino acid identities, which could explain the different feeding habits of the species. We examined OBP expression patterns in various tissues and sexes. Although amino acid sequence similarities were high between EscrOBPs and EbraOBPs, the homologous OBPs showed different tissue expression pattern between two weevils. Our systematic comparison of chemosensory genes in E. scrobiculatus and E. brandti provides a foundation for studies of olfaction and olfactory differentiation in the two weevils as well as a theoretical basis for studying species differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pests Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pests Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pests Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Junbao Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pests Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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74
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Yuvaraj JK, Andersson MN, Zhang DD, Löfstedt C. Antennal Transcriptome Analysis of the Chemosensory Gene Families From Trichoptera and Basal Lepidoptera. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1365. [PMID: 30319455 PMCID: PMC6171000 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemosensory gene families of insects encode proteins that are crucial for host location, mate finding, oviposition, and avoidance behaviors. The insect peripheral chemosensory system comprises odorant receptors (ORs), gustatory receptors (GRs), ionotropic receptors (IRs), odorant binding proteins (OBPs), chemosensory proteins (CSPs), and sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). These protein families have been identified from a large number of insect species, however, they still remain unidentified from several taxa that could provide important clues to their evolution. These taxa include older lepidopteran lineages and the sister order of Lepidoptera, Trichoptera (caddisflies). Studies of these insects should improve evolutionary analyses of insect chemoreception, and in particular shed light on the origin of certain lepidopteran protein subfamilies. These include the pheromone receptors (PRs) in the "PR clade", the pheromone binding proteins (PBPs), general odorant binding proteins (GOBPs), and certain presumably Lepidoptera-specific IR subfamilies. Hence, we analyzed antennal transcriptomes from Rhyacophila nubila (Trichoptera), Eriocrania semipurpurella, and Lampronia capitella (representing two old lepidopteran lineages). We report 37 ORs, 17 IRs, 9 GRs, 30 OBPs, 7 CSPs, and 2 SNMPs in R. nubila; 37 ORs, 17 IRs, 3 GRs, 23 OBPs, 14 CSPs, and 2 SNMPs in E. semipurpurella; and 53 ORs, 20 IRs, 5 GRs, 29 OBPs, 17 CSPs, and 3 SNMPs in L. capitella. We identified IR members of the "Lepidoptera-specific" subfamilies IR1 and IR87a also in R. nubila, demonstrating that these IRs also occur in Trichoptera. Members of the GOBP subfamily were only found in the two lepidopterans. ORs grouping within the PR clade, as well as PBPs, were only found in L. capitella, a species that in contrast to R. nubila and E. semipurpurella uses a so-called Type I pheromone similar to the pheromones of most species of the derived Lepidoptera (Ditrysia). Thus, in addition to providing increased coverage for evolutionary analyses of chemoreception in insects, our findings suggest that certain subfamilies of chemosensory genes have evolved in parallel with the transition of sex pheromone types in Lepidoptera. In addition, other chemoreceptor subfamilies show a broader taxonomic occurrence than hitherto acknowledged.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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75
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Identification and characterization of chemosensory genes in the antennal transcriptome of Spodoptera exigua. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2018; 27:54-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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76
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Wang GY, Zhu JL, Zhou WW, Liu S, Khairul QM, Ansari NA, Zhu ZR. Identification and expression analysis of putative chemoreception genes from Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Hemiptera: Miridae) antennal transcriptome. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12981. [PMID: 30154418 PMCID: PMC6113244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae) is an important egg predator of planthoppers which are destructive rice pests. The chemosensory genes in the mirid antennae play important roles in mating and prey-seeking behaviors. To gain a better understanding of the olfaction of C. lividipennis, we sequenced the antennal transcriptomes of the predator to identify the key olfaction genes. We identified 18 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), 12 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 1 Niemann-Pick C2 protein (NPC2), 15 odorant receptors (ORs), 6 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 3 gustatory receptors (GRs) and 3 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that the relative transcript levels of three ClivORs (ClivOR6, 7 and 14) in the female antennae were 3 to 6 folds higher than that in the male antennae, indicating these genes were more related to oviposition site selection. The relative transcript levels of ClivCSP8 and ClivOR11 were 2.6 and 2.7 times higher in the male antennae than that of the female, respectively, indicating that these genes might be involved in mate searching. Moreover, the responses of dsorco treated predators to volatiles emitted from infested rice were significantly reduced, indicating these volatiles might serve as crucial cues in the host searching of C. lividipennis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Jing-Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Wen-Wu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Su Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Quais Md Khairul
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Naved Ahmad Ansari
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Zeng-Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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77
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Pang JX, Zeng X, Zhu JY, Liu NY. Chemosensory Transmembrane Protein Families in the Coffee White Stemborer, Xylotrechus quadripes (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:969-981. [PMID: 29850795 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvy076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The coffee white stemborer, Xylotrechus quadripes Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), feeds primarily on Coffea arabica L. (Gentianales: Rubiaceae) with its egg, larva, and pupa being developed within the trunk. The detection of chemosensory-related cues linked to adult mating, host seeking, and recognition is driven by three chemoreceptor gene repertoires of odorant (ORs), gustatory (GRs), and ionotropic (IRs) receptors as well as sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). Yet, information on these genes involved in chemoreception is unavailable in X. quadripes and relatively poor in the cerambycid beetles. Here, we presented the identification of four chemosensory transmembrane proteins from the antennal transcriptome of X. quadripes, including 33 ORs, five GRs, 18 IRs, and four SNMPs. Phylogenetic analysis classified the ORs into groups 1, 2, 3, 7, and olfactory coreceptor (Orco), showing three potential candidates (OR13, OR17, and OR21) for the sensing of male sex pheromones. The IRs were clustered into 10 orthologous groups, with additional copies for IR41a, IR64a, and IR75 clades. Four SNMPs were distributed in four independent clades, possibly representing a complete set in this species. Expression profiles revealed that all the genes were highly expressed in antennae, suggesting their olfactory roles. In addition, most of the genes showed the expression in nonantennal tissues including thoraxes, abdomens, wings, and legs, suggesting their involvement in nonchemosensory functions. Of notice, a highly conserved coreceptor IR25a displayed male-biased expression in the antennae, as the first presence in the cerambycid beetles. This study has established reference resources for understanding the mechanisms underlying the interactions between/within this beetle and its host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Xin Pang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, College of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, College of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Jia-Ying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, College of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Nai-Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, College of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
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78
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Wang D, Pentzold S, Kunert M, Groth M, Brandt W, Pasteels JM, Boland W, Burse A. A subset of chemosensory genes differs between two populations of a specialized leaf beetle after host plant shift. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:8055-8075. [PMID: 30250684 PMCID: PMC6145003 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its fundamental role in shaping host selection behavior, we have analyzed the chemosensory repertoire of Chrysomela lapponica. This specialized leaf beetle evolved distinct populations which shifted from the ancestral host plant, willow (Salix sp., Salicaceae), to birch (Betula rotundifolia, Betulaceae). We identified 114 chemosensory candidate genes in adult C. lapponica: 41 olfactory receptors (ORs), eight gustatory receptors, 17 ionotropic receptors, four sensory neuron membrane proteins, 32 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), and 12 chemosensory proteins (CSP) by RNA-seq. Differential expression analyses in the antennae revealed significant upregulation of one minus-C OBP (Clap OBP27) and one CSP (Clap CSP12) in the willow feeders. In contrast, one OR (Clap OR17), four minus-C OBPs (Clap OBP02, 07, 13, 20), and one plus-C OBP (Clap OBP32) were significantly upregulated in birch feeders. The differential expression pattern in the legs was more complex. To narrow down putative ligands acting as cues for host discrimination, the relative abundance and diversity of volatiles of the two host plant species were analyzed. In addition to salicylaldehyde (willow-specific), both plant species differed mainly in their emission rate of terpenoids such as (E,E)-α-farnesene (high in willow) or 4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene (high in birch). Qualitatively, the volatiles were similar between willow and birch leaves constituting an "olfactory bridge" for the beetles. Subsequent structural modeling of the three most differentially expressed OBPs and docking studies using 22 host volatiles indicated that ligands bind with varying affinity. We suggest that the evolution of particularly minus-C OBPs and ORs in C. lapponica facilitated its host plant shift via chemosensation of the phytochemicals from birch as novel host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Wang
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
| | - Stefan Pentzold
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
| | - Maritta Kunert
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
| | - Marco Groth
- Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann InstituteJenaGermany
| | | | | | - Wilhelm Boland
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
| | - Antje Burse
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
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79
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Du L, Zhao X, Liang X, Gao X, Liu Y, Wang G. Identification of candidate chemosensory genes in Mythimna separata by transcriptomic analysis. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:518. [PMID: 29973137 PMCID: PMC6030794 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata, is an economically important and common Lepidopteran pest of cereal crops. Chemoreception plays a key role in insect life, such as foraging, oviposition site selection, and mating partners. To better understand the chemosensory mechanisms in M. separata, transcriptomic analysis of antennae, labial palps, and proboscises were conducted using next-generation sequencing technology to identify members of the major chemosensory related genes. Results In this study, 62 putative odorant receptors (OR), 20 ionotropic receptors (IR), 16 gustatory receptors (GR), 38 odorant binding proteins (OBP), 26 chemosensory proteins (CSP), and 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMP) were identified in M. separata by bioinformatics analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of these candidate proteins was performed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis was used to determine the expressions of all candidate chemosensory genes and then the expression profiles of the three families of receptor genes were confirmed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR). Conclusions The important genes for chemoreception have now been identified in M. separata. This study will provide valuable information for further functional studies of chemoreception mechanisms in this important agricultural pest. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4898-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiao Du
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xincheng Zhao
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiangzhi Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Guirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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80
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Paula DP, Togawa RC, do Carmo Costa MM, Grynberg P, Martins NF, Andow DA. Systemic and sex-biased regulation of OBP expression under semiochemical stimuli. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6035. [PMID: 29662070 PMCID: PMC5902564 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive expression of Odorant-Binding Proteins (OBPs) in antennae and other body parts has been examined mainly to infer their involvement in insect olfaction, while their regulation in response to semiochemical stimuli has remained poorly known. Previous studies of semiochemical response were basically done using electrophysiology, which integrates the response of the set of OBPs present in an antenna or sensillum, without revealing the regulation of OBPs or which ones might be involved. In this study we used boll weevil as a model and mined its OBPs by RNA-Seq to study their simultaneous antennal expression by qPCR under controlled semiochemical stimuli with aggregation pheromone and plant volatiles. In the absence of a semiochemical stimulus, 23 of 24 OBPs were constitutively expressed in the antenna in both sexes. Semiochemicals changed systemically the expression of OBPs in both sexes. There were different patterns of up- and down-regulation in female antennae for each semiochemical stimulus, consistent with female chemical ecology. On the other hand, the only response in males was down-regulation of some OBPs. We suggest that these systemic changes in OBP expression might be related to enhancing detection of the semiochemical stimuli and/or priming the olfactory system to detect other environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Pires Paula
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Parque Estação Biológica, W5 Norte, P.O. Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Coiti Togawa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Parque Estação Biológica, W5 Norte, P.O. Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Marcos Mota do Carmo Costa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Parque Estação Biológica, W5 Norte, P.O. Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Priscila Grynberg
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Parque Estação Biológica, W5 Norte, P.O. Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Natália Florêncio Martins
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Parque Estação Biológica, W5 Norte, P.O. Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - David Alan Andow
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 219 Hodson Hall, 1980 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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81
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Li Z, Dai L, Chu H, Fu D, Sun Y, Chen H. Identification, Expression Patterns, and Functional Characterization of Chemosensory Proteins in Dendroctonus armandi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Front Physiol 2018; 9:291. [PMID: 29636701 PMCID: PMC5881420 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chinese white pine beetle, Dendroctonus armandi Tsai and Li (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), is a serious pest of coniferous forests in China. Thus, there is considerable interest in developing eco-friendly pest-control methods, with the use of semiochemicals as a distinct possibility. Olfaction is extremely important for fitness of D. armandi because it is the primary mechanism through which the insect locates hosts and mates. Thus, here we characterized nine full-length genes encoding chemosensory proteins (CSPs) from D. armandi. The genes were ubiquitously and multiply expressed across different developmental stages and adult tissues, indicating various roles in developmental metamorphosis, olfaction, and gustation. Ligand-binding assays implied that DarmCSP2 may be the carrier of D. armandi pheromones and various plant host volatiles. These volatiles were identified through RNA interference of DarmCSP2 as: (+)-α-pinene, (+)-β-pinene, (−)-β-pinene, (+)-camphene, (+)-3-carene, and myrcene. The systematic chemosensory functional analysis of DarmCSP2 in this study clarified the molecular mechanisms underlying D. armandi olfaction and provided a theoretical foundation for eco-friendly pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhumei Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lulu Dai
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Honglong Chu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China
| | - Danyang Fu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yaya Sun
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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82
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Identification and characterization of chemosensory gene families in the bark beetle, Tomicus yunnanensis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2018; 25:73-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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83
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Sun L, Zhang YN, Qian JL, Kang K, Zhang XQ, Deng JD, Tang YP, Chen C, Hansen L, Xu T, Zhang QH, Zhang LW. Identification and Expression Patterns of Anoplophora chinensis (Forster) Chemosensory Receptor Genes from the Antennal Transcriptome. Front Physiol 2018; 9:90. [PMID: 29497384 PMCID: PMC5819563 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The citrus long-horned beetle (CLB), Anoplophora chinensis (Forster) is a destructive native pest in China. Chemosensory receptors including odorant receptors (ORs), gustatory receptors (GRs), and ionotropic receptors (IRs) function to interface the insect with its chemical environment. In the current study, we assembled the antennal transcriptome of A. chinensis by next-generation sequencing. We assembled 44,938 unigenes from 64,787,784 clean reads and annotated their putative gene functions based on gene ontology (GO) and Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG). Overall, 74 putative receptor genes from chemosensory receptor gene families, including 53 ORs, 17 GRs, and 4 IRs were identified. Expression patterns of these receptors on the antennae, maxillary and labial palps, and remaining body segments of both male and female A. chinensis were performed using quantitative real time-PCR (RT-qPCR). The results revealed that 23 ORs, 6 GRs, and 1 IR showed male-biased expression profiles, suggesting that they may play a significant role in sensing female-produced sex pheromones; whereas 8 ORs, 5 GRs, and 1 IR showed female-biased expression profiles, indicating that these receptors may be involved in some female-specific behaviors such as oviposition site seeking. These results lay a solid foundation for deeply understanding CLB olfactory processing mechanisms. Moreover, by comparing our results with those from chemosensory receptor studies in other cerambycid species, several highly probable pheromone receptor candidates were highlighted, which may facilitate the identification of additional pheromone and/or host attractants in CLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Sun
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Jia-Li Qian
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ke Kang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Forest Diseases and Insect Pests Control and Quarantine Station of Chaohu City, Chaohu, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun-Dan Deng
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan-Ping Tang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Laura Hansen
- College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Tian Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Qing-He Zhang
- Sterling International, Inc., Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Long-Wa Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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84
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Li K, Wei H, Shu C, Zhang S, Cao Y, Luo C, Yin J. Identification and comparison of candidate odorant receptor genes in the olfactory and non-olfactory organs of Holotrichia oblita Faldermann by transcriptome analysis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2017; 24:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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85
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Wang J, Hu P, Gao P, Tao J, Luo Y. Antennal transcriptome analysis and expression profiles of olfactory genes in Anoplophora chinensis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15470. [PMID: 29133804 PMCID: PMC5684370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfaction in insects is essential for host identification, mating and oviposition, in which olfactory proteins are responsible for chemical signaling. Here, we determined the transcriptomes of male and female adult antennae of Anoplophora chinensis, the citrus longhorned beetle. Among 59,357 unigenes in the antennal assembly, we identified 46 odorant-binding proteins, 16 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 44 odorant receptors, 19 gustatory receptors, 23 ionotropic receptors, and 3 sensory neuron membrane proteins. Among CSPs, AchiCSP10 was predominantly expressed in antennae (compared with legs or maxillary palps), at a significantly higher level in males than in females, suggesting that AchiCSP10 has a role in reception of female sex pheromones. Many highly expressed genes encoding CSPs are orthologue genes of A. chinensis and Anoplophora glabripennis. Notably, AchiPBP1 and AchiPBP2 showed 100% and 96% identity with AglaPBP1 and AglaPBP2 from A. glabripennis, with similar expression profiles in the two species; PBP2 was highly expressed in male antennae, whereas PBP1 was expressed in all three tissues in both males and females. These results provide a basis for further studies on the molecular chemoreception mechanisms of A. chinensis, and suggest novel targets for control of A. chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Ping Hu
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Peng Gao
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jing Tao
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.
| | - Youqing Luo
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.
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86
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Clavijo McCormick A, Grosse-Wilde E, Wheeler D, Mescher MC, Hansson BS, De Moraes CM. Comparing the Expression of Olfaction-Related Genes in Gypsy Moth (Lymantria dispar) Adult Females and Larvae from One Flightless and Two Flight-Capable Populations. Front Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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87
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Antennal transcriptome and expression analyses of olfactory genes in the sweetpotato weevil Cylas formicarius. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11073. [PMID: 28894232 PMCID: PMC5593998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius (Fabricius), is a serious pest of sweetpotato. Olfaction-based approaches, such as use of synthetic sex pheromones to monitor populations and the bait-and-kill method to eliminate males, have been applied successfully for population management of C. formicarius. However, the molecular basis of olfaction in C. formicarius remains unknown. In this study, we produced antennal transcriptomes from males and females of C. formicarius using high-throughput sequencing to identify gene families associated with odorant detection. A total of 54 odorant receptors (ORs), 11 gustatory receptors (GRs), 15 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 3 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), 33 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), and 12 chemosensory proteins (CSPs) were identified. Tissue-specific expression patterns revealed that all 54 ORs and 11 antennal IRs, one SNMP, and three OBPs were primarily expressed in antennae, suggesting their putative roles in olfaction. Sex-specific expression patterns of these antenna-predominant genes suggest that they have potential functions in sexual behaviors. This study provides a framework for understanding olfaction in coleopterans as well as future strategies for controlling the sweetpotato weevil pest.
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88
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Li L, Zhou YT, Tan Y, Zhou XR, Pang BP. Identification of odorant-binding protein genes in Galeruca daurica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and analysis of their expression profiles. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2017; 107:550-561. [PMID: 28424098 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485317000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) play a fundamental role in insect olfaction. In recent years, Galeruca daurica (Joannis) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) has become one of the most important insect pests in the Inner Mongolian grasslands of China. This pest only feeds on the species of Allium plants, implying the central role of olfaction in its search for specific host plants. However, the olfaction-related proteins have not been investigated in this beetle. In this study, we identified 29 putative OBP genes, namely GdauOBP1-29, from the transcriptome database of G. daurica assembled in our laboratory by using RNA-Seq. All 29 genes had the full-length open reading frames except GdauOBP29, encoding proteins in length from 119 to 202 amino acids with their predicted molecular weights from 12 to 22 kDa with isoelectric points from 3.88 to 8.84. Predicted signal peptides consisting of 15-22 amino acid residues were found in all except GdauOBP6, GdauOBP13 and GdauOBP29. The amino acid sequence identity between the 29 OBPs ranged 8.33-71.83%. GdauOBP1-12 belongs to the Classic OBPs, while the others belong with the Minus-C OBPs. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that GdauOBPs are the closest to CbowOBPs from Colaphellus bowringi. RT-PCR and qRT-PCR analyses showed that all GdauOBPs were expressed in adult antennae, 11 of which with significant differences in their expression levels between males and females. Most GdauOBPs were also expressed in adult heads (without antennae), thoraxes, abdomens, legs and wings. Moreover, the expression levels of the GdauOBPs varied during the different development stages of G. daurica with most GdauOBPs expressed highly in the adult antennae but scarcely in eggs and pupae. These results provide insights for further research on the molecular mechanisms of chemical communications in G. daurica.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Research Center for Grassland Entomology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,China
| | - Y-T Zhou
- Research Center for Grassland Entomology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,China
| | - Y Tan
- Research Center for Grassland Entomology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,China
| | - X-R Zhou
- Research Center for Grassland Entomology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,China
| | - B-P Pang
- Research Center for Grassland Entomology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,China
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89
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Zhang SF, Liu HH, Kong XB, Wang HB, Liu F, Zhang Z. Identification and Expression Profiling of Chemosensory Genes in Dendrolimus punctatus Walker. Front Physiol 2017; 8:471. [PMID: 28736530 PMCID: PMC5500615 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrolimus punctatus Walker is a serious pest affecting conifers in southern China. As extensive pesticide spraying is currently required to control D. punctatus, new control strategies are urgently needed. Chemosensory genes represent potential molecular targets for development of alternative pest control strategies, and the expression characteristics of these genes provide an indication of their function. To date, little information is available regarding chemosensory genes in D. punctatus or their expression profiles at different development stages and in various tissues. Here, we assembled and analyzed the transcriptomes of D. punctatus collected at different developmental stages and in a range of organs, using next-generation sequencing. A total of 171 putative chemosensory genes were identified, encoding 53 odorant binding proteins, 26 chemosensory proteins, 60 odorant receptors (OR), 12 gustatory receptors (GR), 18 ionotropic receptors (IR), and 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). Expression analysis indicated that the antennae possess the largest number of highly expressed olfactory genes and that olfactory gene expression patterns in the eggs, larvae, and head were similar to one another, with each having moderate numbers of highly expressed olfactory genes. Fat body, ovary, midgut, and testis tissues also had similar olfactory gene expression patterns, including few highly expressed olfactory genes. Of particular note, we identified only two pheromone binding proteins and no pheromone receptors in D. punctatus, similar to our previous findings in Dendrolimus houi and Dendrolimus kikuchii, suggesting that insects of the Dendrolimus genus have different pheromone recognition characteristics to other Lepidopteran insects. Overall, this extensive expression profile analysis provides a clear map of D. punctatus chemosensory genes, and will facilitate functional studies and the development of new pest control methods in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, State Forestry AdministrationBeijing, China
| | - Hui-Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, State Forestry AdministrationBeijing, China
| | - Xiang-Bo Kong
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, State Forestry AdministrationBeijing, China
| | - Hong-Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, State Forestry AdministrationBeijing, China
| | - Fu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, State Forestry AdministrationBeijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, State Forestry AdministrationBeijing, China
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Wu ZZ, Qu MQ, Pu XH, Cui Y, Xiao WY, Zhao HX, Bin SY, Lin JT. Transcriptome sequencing of Tessaratoma papillosa antennae to identify and analyze expression patterns of putative olfaction genes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3070. [PMID: 28596537 PMCID: PMC5465196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on insect olfaction have increased our understanding of insect's chemosensory system and chemical ecology, and have improved pest control strategies based on insect behavior. In this study, we assembled the antennal transcriptomes of the lychee giant stink bug, Tessaratoma papillosa, by using next generation sequencing to identify the major olfaction gene families in this species. In total, 59 odorant receptors, 14 ionotropic receptors (8 antennal IRs), and 33 odorant binding proteins (28 classic OBPs and 5 plus-C OBPs) were identified from the male and female antennal transcriptomes. Analyses of tissue expression profiles revealed that all 59 OR transcripts, 2 of the 8 antennal IRs, and 6 of the 33 OBPs were primarily expressed in the antennae, suggesting their putative role in olfaction. The sex-biased expression patterns of these antenna-predominant genes suggested that they may have important functions in the reproductive behavior of these insects. This is the first report that provides a comprehensive resource to future studies on olfaction in the lychee giant stink bug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Zhen Wu
- Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, 314 Yingdong teaching building, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Qiu Qu
- Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, 314 Yingdong teaching building, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Hua Pu
- Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, 314 Yingdong teaching building, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, P. R. China
| | - Yang Cui
- Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, 314 Yingdong teaching building, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, P. R. China
| | - Wan-Yu Xiao
- Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, 314 Yingdong teaching building, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Xia Zhao
- Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Ying Bin
- Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, 314 Yingdong teaching building, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Tian Lin
- Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, 314 Yingdong teaching building, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, P. R. China.
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91
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Komisarczuk AZ, Grotmol S, Nilsen F. Ionotropic receptors signal host recognition in the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis, Copepoda). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178812. [PMID: 28582411 PMCID: PMC5459451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A remarkable feature of many parasites is a high degree of host specificity but the mechanisms behind are poorly understood. A major challenge for parasites is to identify and infect a suitable host. Many species show a high degree of host specificity, being able to survive only on one or a few related host species. To facilitate transmission, parasite's behavior and reproduction has been fine tuned to maximize the likelihood of infection of a suitable host. For some species chemical cues that trigger or attract the parasite in question have been identified but how metazoan parasites themselves receive these signals remains unknown. In the present study we show that ionotropic receptors (IRs) in the salmon louse are likely responsible for identification of a specific host. By using RNAi to knock down the expression level of different co-receptors, a significant change of infectivity and settlement of lice larvae was achieved on Atlantic salmon. More remarkably, knock down of the IRs changed the host specificity of the salmon louse and lice larvae settled at a significant rate on host that the wild type lice rejected within minutes. To our knowledge, this has never before been demonstrated for any metazoan parasite. Our results show that the parasites are able to identify the host quickly upon settlement, settle and initiate the parasitic life style if they are on the right host. This novel discovery opens up for utilizing the host recognition system for future parasite control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Z. Komisarczuk
- Sea Lice Research Centre, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Sindre Grotmol
- Sea Lice Research Centre, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frank Nilsen
- Sea Lice Research Centre, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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92
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Bin SY, Qu MQ, Li KM, Peng ZQ, Wu ZZ, Lin JT. Antennal and abdominal transcriptomes reveal chemosensory gene families in the coconut hispine beetle, Brontispa longissima. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2809. [PMID: 28584273 PMCID: PMC5459851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antennal and abdominal transcriptomes of males and females of the coconut hispine beetle Brontispa longissima were sequenced to identify and compare the expression patterns of genes involved in odorant reception and detection. Representative proteins from the chemosensory gene families likely essential for insect olfaction were identified. These include 48 odorant receptors (ORs), 19 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 4 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), 34 odorant binding proteins (OBPs) and 16 chemosensory proteins (CSPs). Phylogenetic analysis revealed the evolutionary relationship of these proteins with homologs from Coleopterans or other insects, and led to the identification of putative aggregation pheromone receptors in B. longissima. Comparative expression analysis performed by calculating FPKM values were also validated using quantitative real time-PCR (qPCR). The results revealed that all ORs and antennal IRs, two IR co-receptors (BlonIR8a and BlonIR25a) and one SNMP (BlonSNMP1a) were predominantly expressed in antennae when compared to abdomens, and approximately half of the OBPs (19) and CSPs (7) were enriched in antennae. These findings for the first time reveal the identification of key molecular components in B. longissima olfaction and provide a valuable resource for future functional analyses of olfaction, and identification of potential targets to control this quarantine pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ying Bin
- Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, 314 Yingdong teaching building, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, PR China
| | - Meng-Qiu Qu
- Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, 314 Yingdong teaching building, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, PR China
| | - Ke-Ming Li
- Institute of Banana and Plantain, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 570102, PR China.,Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 570101, PR China
| | - Zheng-Qiang Peng
- Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 570101, PR China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Wu
- Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, 314 Yingdong teaching building, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, PR China.
| | - Jin-Tian Lin
- Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, 314 Yingdong teaching building, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, PR China.
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93
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Wang GY, Zhu MF, Jiang YD, Zhou WW, Liu S, Heong KL, Cheng J, Zhu ZR. Identification of Candidate Odorant-Binding Protein and Chemosensory Protein Genes in Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Hemiptera: Miridae), a Key Predator of the Rice Planthoppers in Asia. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 46:654-662. [PMID: 28407047 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvx075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae) is an important predatory natural enemy of planthopper and leafhopper eggs in Asian rice paddy fields. Cyrtorhinus lividipennis is known to rely largely on herbivore-induced plant volatiles to identify eggs embedded in rice stem tissues for feeding and on pheromones for mating. However, exactly how C. lividipennis decode these chemical information is unclear. In most insects, the odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and the chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are essential for seeking out food resources and mates. In this study, we identified 10 OBP and 5 CSP genes in C. lividipennis and investigated their expression patterns in various tissues of adult males and females by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Six OBP genes (ClivOBP1, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 10) were mainly expressed in the male antennae, whereas three genes (ClivOBP3, ClivOBP7, and ClivOBP8) had high expression in the female antennae. ClivCSP1 was predominantly expressed in the male antennae. These findings suggest that most ClivOBPs and ClivCSPs are likely involved in food-searching behavior. The recognition of the pheromone molecules provides the basis for further functional studies on the chemoreception system of C. lividipennis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Mu-Fei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Yan-Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Wen-Wu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Su Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Kong Luen Heong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Jiaan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Zeng-Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
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94
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Liu Z, Wang X, Lei C, Zhu F. Sensory genes identification with head transcriptome of the migratory armyworm, Mythimna separata. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46033. [PMID: 28387246 PMCID: PMC5384095 DOI: 10.1038/srep46033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory system plays important roles in a wide array of insect’s behavior and physiological events, including the host landing and locating, feeding, flying, sex responding, mating and oviposition which happen independently and in sequence. The armyworm Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of migratory insect is destructive for alimentarn crop and economic crop throughout the world. Here we present the high throughput sequencing of the head transcriptome and identify members of the major sensory genes which are crucial for armyworm’s success worldwide, including 8 opsins, 22 chemosensory proteins, 50 odorant binding proteins, 60 odorant receptors, 8 gustatory receptors, 24 ionotropic receptors, and 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins. It is worth noting that a duplication of the LW opsin gene exists in this insect. Several genes were clustered with functionally validated genes, such as Co-receptors of OR and IR, PBPs, PRs, CO2 GRs, bitter GRs and sweet GRs, were also identified. The transcriptome gene library provided the basis for further studies that elucidate the fundamental molecular mechanism of biology and control in M. separata. Our research exhibits the first comprehensive catalogue of the sensory genes fundamental for success and distribution in M. separata, which are potential novel targets for pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Liu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chaoliang Lei
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fen Zhu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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95
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Chang XQ, Nie XP, Zhang Z, Zeng FF, Lv L, Zhang S, Wang MQ. De novo analysis of the oriental armyworm Mythimna separata antennal transcriptome and expression patterns of odorant-binding proteins. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2017; 22:120-130. [PMID: 28395238 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the olfactory mechanisms in the oriental armyworm Mythimna separate, one of the most serious pests of cereals, an antennal transcriptome was constructed in this study. A total of 130 olfactory related transcripts were identified. These transcripts were predicted to encode 32 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 16 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 71 olfactory receptors (ORs), 8 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 1 gustatory receptor (GR) and 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). Q-PCR analysis of the temporal expression profiles of seven OBPs in different tissues indicated that, except for MsepOBP19 which was highly expressed in the wings of 0-day-old adult and MsepOBP20 which was low expressed in all tissues, other tested MsepOBPs were significantly more highly expressed in the antenna than in the head (antenna excluded), thorax, abdomen, legs and wings. The expression levels of MsepOBPs were diverse in different life stages (differed on eclosion days). MsepOBP5 exhibited female-biased expression in 0- and 5-day-old adult, while no gender bias in 1- and 3-day-old adult was detected and similar expression profiles were found for MsepOBP7, 20, 24 and 26. In addition, we found that although the expression of MsepOBP22 was female biased in 0- and 5-day-old adult, in the 3-day-old adult it was male-biased. Our findings established a foundation for future studies of the functions of olfactory proteins in M. separata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Qian Chang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Crop Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Institute of Plant Protection & Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430068, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Pei Nie
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zan Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Fang Zeng
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Lv
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Crop Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Institute of Plant Protection & Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430068, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Crop Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Institute of Plant Protection & Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430068, People's Republic of China.
| | - Man-Qun Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
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96
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Sheng S, Liao CW, Zheng Y, Zhou Y, Xu Y, Song WM, He P, Zhang J, Wu FA. Candidate chemosensory genes identified in the endoparasitoid Meteorus pulchricornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) by antennal transcriptome analysis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2017; 22:20-31. [PMID: 28187311 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Meteorus pulchricornis is an endoparasitoid wasp which attacks the larvae of various lepidopteran pests. We present the first antennal transcriptome dataset for M. pulchricornis. A total of 48,845,072 clean reads were obtained and 34,967 unigenes were assembled. Of these, 15,458 unigenes showed a significant similarity (E-value <10-5) to known proteins in the NCBI non-redundant protein database. Gene ontology (GO) and cluster of orthologous groups (COG) analyses were used to classify the functions of M. pulchricornis antennae genes. We identified 16 putative odorant-binding protein (OBP) genes, eight chemosensory protein (CSP) genes, 99 olfactory receptor (OR) genes, 19 ionotropic receptor (IR) genes and one sensory neuron membrane protein (SNMP) gene. BLASTx best hit results and phylogenetic analysis both indicated that these chemosensory genes were most closely related to those found in other hymenopteran species. Real-time quantitative PCR assays showed that 14 MpulOBP genes were antennae-specific. Of these, MpulOBP6, MpulOBP9, MpulOBP10, MpulOBP12, MpulOBP15 and MpulOBP16 were found to have greater expression in the antennae than in other body parts, while MpulOBP2 and MpulOBP3 were expressed predominately in the legs and abdomens, respectively. These results might provide a foundation for future studies of olfactory genes and chemoreception in M. pulchricornis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Sheng
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China.
| | - Cheng-Wu Liao
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China
| | - Yu Zheng
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China
| | - Yu Zhou
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China
| | - Wen-Miao Song
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China
| | - Peng He
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China
| | - Fu-An Wu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China.
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97
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Mitchell RF, Hall LP, Reagel PF, McKenna DD, Baker TC, Hildebrand JG. Odorant receptors and antennal lobe morphology offer a new approach to understanding olfaction in the Asian longhorned beetle. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2017; 203:99-109. [PMID: 28078425 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-016-1138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The Asian longhorned beetle Anoplophora glabripennis (Motchulsky) is an exotic forest pest that has repeatedly invaded North America and Europe from Asia, and has the potential to kill millions of trees and cause billions of dollars in damage. Traps baited with an attractive mixture of volatile organic compounds from hosts have been of limited success in monitoring invasion sites. We propose that lures might be improved through studying the olfactory system of adult beetles, especially the gene family of odorant receptors (ORs) and the structure of the antennal lobes of the brain. Here, we report identification of 132 ORs in the genome of A. glabripennis (inclusive of one Orco gene and 11 pseudogenes), some of which are orthologous to known pheromone receptors of other cerambycid beetles. We also identified three ORs that are strongly biased toward expression in the female transcriptome, and a single OR strongly biased toward males. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the antennal lobes of adults suggested a male-specific macroglomerulus and several enlarged glomeruli in females. We predict that functional characterization of ORs and glomeruli will lead to identification of key odorants in the life history of A. glabripennis that may aid in monitoring and controlling future invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Mitchell
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
- Center for Insect Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, 142 Halsey Science Center, 800 Algoma Blvd., Oshkosh, WI, 54901, USA.
| | - Loyal P Hall
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | | | - Duane D McKenna
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA
| | - Thomas C Baker
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - John G Hildebrand
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Center for Insect Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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98
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The molecular sensory machinery of a Chagas disease vector: expression changes through imaginal moult and sexually dimorphic features. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40049. [PMID: 28059141 PMCID: PMC5216343 DOI: 10.1038/srep40049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The triatomine bug Rhodnius prolixus is a main vector of Chagas disease, which affects several million people, mostly in Latin-America. Host searching, pheromone communication, and microclimatic preferences are aspects of its behaviour that depend on multimodal sensory inputs. The molecular bases of these sensory processes are largely unknown. The expression levels of genes transcribed in antennae were compared between 5th instar larvae, and female and male adults by means of RNA-Seq. The antennae of R. prolixus showed increased expression of several chemosensory-related genes in imaginal bugs, while both sexes had similar expression patterns for most target genes. Few cases suggest involvement of target genes in sexually dimorphic functions. Most odorant and ionotropic receptor genes seemed to be expressed in all libraries. OBPs and CSPs showed very high expression levels. Other sensory-related genes such as TRPs, PPKs and mechanoreceptors had consistent levels of expression in all libraries. Our study characterises most of the sensory gene repertoire of these insects, opening an avenue for functional genetics studies. The increase in expression of chemosensory genes suggests an enhanced role in adult bugs. This knowledge allows developing new behaviour interfering strategies, increasing the options for translational research in the vector control field.
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99
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Zhang B, Zhang W, Nie RE, Li WZ, Segraves KA, Yang XK, Xue HJ. Comparative transcriptome analysis of chemosensory genes in two sister leaf beetles provides insights into chemosensory speciation. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 79:108-118. [PMID: 27836740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Divergence in chemosensory traits has been posited as an important component of chemosensory speciation in insects. In particular, chemosensory genes expressed in the peripheral sensory neurons are likely to influence insect behaviors such as preference for food, oviposition sites, and mates. Despite their key role in insect behavior and potentially speciation, the underlying genetic basis for divergence in chemosensory traits remains largely unexplored. One way to ascertain the role of chemosensory genes in speciation is to make comparisons of these genes across closely related species to detect the genetic signatures of divergence. Here, we used high throughput transcriptome analysis to compare chemosensory genes of the sister leaf beetles species Pyrrhalta maculicollis and P. aenescens, whose sexual isolation and host plant preference are mediated by divergent chemical signals. Although there was low overall divergence between transcriptome profiles, there were a number of genes that were differentially expressed between the species. Furthermore, we also detected two chemosensory genes under positive selection, one of which that was also differentially expressed between the species, suggesting a possible role for these genes in chemical-based premating reproductive isolation and host use. Combined with the available chemical and ecological work in this system, further studies of the divergent chemosensory genes presented here will provide insight into the process of chemosensory speciation among Pyrrhalta beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Rui-E Nie
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wen-Zhu Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kari A Segraves
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, United States; Archbold Biological Station, 123 Main Drive, Venus, FL 33960, United States.
| | - Xing-Ke Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Huai-Jun Xue
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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McKenna DD, Scully ED, Pauchet Y, Hoover K, Kirsch R, Geib SM, Mitchell RF, Waterhouse RM, Ahn SJ, Arsala D, Benoit JB, Blackmon H, Bledsoe T, Bowsher JH, Busch A, Calla B, Chao H, Childers AK, Childers C, Clarke DJ, Cohen L, Demuth JP, Dinh H, Doddapaneni H, Dolan A, Duan JJ, Dugan S, Friedrich M, Glastad KM, Goodisman MAD, Haddad S, Han Y, Hughes DST, Ioannidis P, Johnston JS, Jones JW, Kuhn LA, Lance DR, Lee CY, Lee SL, Lin H, Lynch JA, Moczek AP, Murali SC, Muzny DM, Nelson DR, Palli SR, Panfilio KA, Pers D, Poelchau MF, Quan H, Qu J, Ray AM, Rinehart JP, Robertson HM, Roehrdanz R, Rosendale AJ, Shin S, Silva C, Torson AS, Jentzsch IMV, Werren JH, Worley KC, Yocum G, Zdobnov EM, Gibbs RA, Richards S. Genome of the Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis), a globally significant invasive species, reveals key functional and evolutionary innovations at the beetle-plant interface. Genome Biol 2016; 17:227. [PMID: 27832824 PMCID: PMC5105290 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-016-1088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relatively little is known about the genomic basis and evolution of wood-feeding in beetles. We undertook genome sequencing and annotation, gene expression assays, studies of plant cell wall degrading enzymes, and other functional and comparative studies of the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis, a globally significant invasive species capable of inflicting severe feeding damage on many important tree species. Complementary studies of genes encoding enzymes involved in digestion of woody plant tissues or detoxification of plant allelochemicals were undertaken with the genomes of 14 additional insects, including the newly sequenced emerald ash borer and bull-headed dung beetle. RESULTS The Asian longhorned beetle genome encodes a uniquely diverse arsenal of enzymes that can degrade the main polysaccharide networks in plant cell walls, detoxify plant allelochemicals, and otherwise facilitate feeding on woody plants. It has the metabolic plasticity needed to feed on diverse plant species, contributing to its highly invasive nature. Large expansions of chemosensory genes involved in the reception of pheromones and plant kairomones are consistent with the complexity of chemical cues it uses to find host plants and mates. CONCLUSIONS Amplification and functional divergence of genes associated with specialized feeding on plants, including genes originally obtained via horizontal gene transfer from fungi and bacteria, contributed to the addition, expansion, and enhancement of the metabolic repertoire of the Asian longhorned beetle, certain other phytophagous beetles, and to a lesser degree, other phytophagous insects. Our results thus begin to establish a genomic basis for the evolutionary success of beetles on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duane D. McKenna
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, 3700 Walker Ave., Memphis, TN 38152 USA
- Feinstone Center for Genomic Research, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152 USA
| | - Erin D. Scully
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health, Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA
| | - Yannick Pauchet
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Kelli Hoover
- Department of Entomology and Center for Chemical Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Roy Kirsch
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Scott M. Geib
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Daniel K Inouye US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Tropical Crop and Commodity Protection Research Unit, Hilo, HI 96720 USA
| | - Robert F. Mitchell
- Center for Insect Science and Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA
| | - Robert M. Waterhouse
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1211 Switzerland
- The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Seung-Joon Ahn
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Deanna Arsala
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607 USA
| | - Joshua B. Benoit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - Heath Blackmon
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - Tiffany Bledsoe
- Center for Insect Science and Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Julia H. Bowsher
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108 USA
| | - André Busch
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Bernarda Calla
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Daniel K Inouye US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Tropical Crop and Commodity Protection Research Unit, Hilo, HI 96720 USA
| | - Hsu Chao
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Anna K. Childers
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Christopher Childers
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Dave J. Clarke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, 3700 Walker Ave., Memphis, TN 38152 USA
| | - Lorna Cohen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607 USA
| | - Jeffery P. Demuth
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - Huyen Dinh
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - HarshaVardhan Doddapaneni
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Amanda Dolan
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - Jian J. Duan
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beneficial Insects Introduction Research, Newark, DE 19713 USA
| | - Shannon Dugan
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Markus Friedrich
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
| | - Karl M. Glastad
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | | | - Stephanie Haddad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, 3700 Walker Ave., Memphis, TN 38152 USA
| | - Yi Han
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Daniel S. T. Hughes
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Panagiotis Ioannidis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1211 Switzerland
| | - J. Spencer Johnston
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Jeffery W. Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
| | - Leslie A. Kuhn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Computers Science and Engineering, and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - David R. Lance
- USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Pest and Quarantine, Center for Plant Health Science and Technology, Otis Laboratory, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA
| | - Chien-Yueh Lee
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Sandra L. Lee
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Han Lin
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Jeremy A. Lynch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607 USA
| | - Armin P. Moczek
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Blomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - Shwetha C. Murali
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Donna M. Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - David R. Nelson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Subba R. Palli
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546 USA
| | - Kristen A. Panfilio
- Institute for Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50674 Germany
| | - Dan Pers
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607 USA
| | - Monica F. Poelchau
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Honghu Quan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607 USA
| | - Jiaxin Qu
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Ann M. Ray
- Department of Biology, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH 45207 USA
| | - Joseph P. Rinehart
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Hugh M. Robertson
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Richard Roehrdanz
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Andrew J. Rosendale
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - Seunggwan Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, 3700 Walker Ave., Memphis, TN 38152 USA
| | - Christian Silva
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - Alex S. Torson
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108 USA
| | | | - John H. Werren
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - Kim C. Worley
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - George Yocum
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Evgeny M. Zdobnov
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1211 Switzerland
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Stephen Richards
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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