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Montejo ÁL, Arango C, Bernardo M, Carrasco JL, Crespo-Facorro B, Cruz JJ, del Pino J, García Escudero MA, García Rizo C, González-Pinto A, Hernández AI, Martín Carrasco M, Mayoral Cleries F, Mayoral van Son J, Mories MT, Pachiarotti I, Ros S, Vieta E. Spanish consensus on the risks and detection of antipsychotic drug-related hyperprolactinaemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsmen.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Gragnoli C, Reeves GM, Reazer J, Postolache TT. Dopamine-prolactin pathway potentially contributes to the schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes comorbidity. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e785. [PMID: 27093067 PMCID: PMC4872408 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are clinically associated, and common knowledge attributes this association to side effects of antipsychotic treatment. However, even drug-naive patients with SCZ are at increased risk for T2D. Dopamine dysfunction has a central role in SCZ. It is well-known that dopamine constitutively inhibits prolactin (PRL) secretion via the dopamine receptor 2 (DR2D). If dopamine is increased or if dopamine receptors hyperfunction, PRL may be reduced. During the first SCZ episode, low PRL levels are associated with worse symptoms. PRL is essential in human and social bonding, as well as it is implicated in glucose homeostasis. Dopamine dysfunction, beyond contributing to SCZ symptoms, may lead to altered appetite and T2D. To our knowledge, there are no studies of the genetics of the SCZ-T2D comorbidity focusing jointly on the dopamine and PRL pathway in the attempt to capture molecular heterogeneity correlated to possible disease manifestation heterogeneity. In this dopamine-PRL pathway-focused-hypothesis-driven review on the association of SCZ with T2D, we report a specific revision of what it is known about PRL and dopamine in relation to what we theorize is one of the missing links between the two disorders. We suggest that new studies are necessary to establish the genetic role of PRL and dopamine pathway in SCZ-T2D comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gragnoli
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA,Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA,Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bios Biotech Multi-Diagnostic Health Center, Rome, Italy,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Florida College of Medicine, 653-1 West 8th Street, Learning Resource Center, L14, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA. E-mail:
| | - G M Reeves
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Reazer
- Borland Health Sciences Library, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - T T Postolache
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Denver, CO, USA,Veterans Integrated Service Network 5 MIRECC, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Montejo ÁL, Arango C, Bernardo M, Carrasco JL, Crespo-Facorro B, Cruz JJ, Del Pino J, García Escudero MA, García Rizo C, González-Pinto A, Hernández AI, Martín Carrasco M, Mayoral Cleries F, Mayoral van Son J, Mories MT, Pachiarotti I, Ros S, Vieta E. Spanish consensus on the risks and detection of antipsychotic drug-related hyperprolactinaemia. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2016; 9:158-73. [PMID: 26927534 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Iatrogenic hyperprolactinaemia (IHPRL) has been more frequently related to some antipsychotic drugs that provoke an intense blockade of dopamine D2 receptors. There is a wide variation in clinical practice, and perhaps some more awareness between clinicians is needed. Due to the high frequency of chronic treatment in severe mental patients, careful attention is recommended on the physical risk. IHPRL symptoms could be underestimated without routine examination. METHODOLOGY An intense scientific literature search was performed in order to draw up a multidisciplinary consensus, including different specialists of psychiatry, endocrinology, oncology and internal medicine, and looking for a consensus about clinical risk and detection of IHPRL following evidence-based medicine criteria levels (EBM I- IV). RESULTS Short-term symptoms include amenorrhea, galactorrhoea, and sexual dysfunction with decrease of libido and erectile difficulties related to hypogonadism. Medium and long-term symptoms related to oestrogens are observed, including a decrease bone mass density, hypogonadism, early menopause, some types of cancer risk increase (breast and endometrial), cardiovascular risk increase, immune system disorders, lipids, and cognitive dysfunction. Prolactin level, gonadal hormones and vitamin D should be checked in all patients receiving antipsychotics at baseline although early symptoms (amenorrhea-galactorrhoea) may not be observed due to the risk of underestimating other delayed symptoms that may appear in the medium term. Routine examination of sexual dysfunction is recommended due to possible poor patient tolerance and low compliance. Special care is required in children and adolescents, as well as patients with PRL levels >50ng/ml (moderate hyperprolactinaemia). A possible prolactinoma should be investigated in patients with PRL levels >150ng/ml, with special attention to patients with breast/endometrial cancer history. Densitometry should be prescribed for males >50 years old, amenorrhea>6 months, or early menopause to avoid fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel L Montejo
- Área de Neurociencias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, España.
| | - Celso Arango
- Departamento de Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM). Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, CIBERSAM, Madrid, España
| | - Miguel Bernardo
- Unidad Esquizofrenia Clínic, Instituto Clínic de Neurociencias, Hospital Clínic. Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universidad de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, España
| | - José L Carrasco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, CIBERSAM, Madrid, España
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Departamento de Medicina y Psiquiatría, Universidad de Cantabria. Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, CIBERSAM, Santander, España
| | - Juan J Cruz
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca (IBSAL), España
| | - Javier Del Pino
- Servicio Medicina Interna, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidad de Salamanca, España
| | | | - Clemente García Rizo
- Unidad Esquizofrenia Clínic, Instituto Clínic de Neurociencias, Hospital Clínic. Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universidad de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, España
| | - Ana González-Pinto
- International Mood Disorders Research Centre, CIBERSAM, Hospital Santiago Apóstol, Universidad del País Vasco, Vitoria, España
| | - Ana I Hernández
- FEA Psiquiatría, Red de Salud Mental de Guipúzcoa, San Sebastián, España
| | - Manuel Martín Carrasco
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psiquiátricas, Fundación María Josefa Recio, Bilbao, España; Clínica Psiquiátrica Padre Menni, CIBERSAM, Pamplona, España
| | - Fermin Mayoral Cleries
- UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga, Málaga, España
| | | | - M Teresa Mories
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, España
| | - Isabella Pachiarotti
- Programa de Trastornos Bipolares, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Clínic, Universidad de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, España
| | - Salvador Ros
- Instituto Internacional de Neurociencias Aplicadas, Barcelona, España
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Programa de Trastornos Bipolares, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Clínic, Universidad de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, España
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Albu A, Florea S, Fica S. Is prolactin the missing link in adipose tissue dysfunction of polycystic ovary syndrome patients? Endocrine 2016; 51:163-73. [PMID: 26067083 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0655-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the study were to evaluate whether adiposity was among the determinants of circulating prolactin levels and to determine whether serum prolactin independently predicted metabolic abnormalities in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A total of 322 PCOS patients with normal serum prolactin levels were recruited between January 2007 and January 2014. Anthropometric, metabolic, and hormonal parameters were measured in all of the patients. HOMA-IR was calculated as an index of insulin resistance. Serum prolactin was negatively correlated with age (p < 0.0001), all the adiposity indices [body mass index p < 0.0001; waist circumference p < 0.0001; waist-hip ratio (WHR) p < 0.0001], visceral adiposity index (VAI, p = 0.043), fasting insulinemia (p = 0.002), and HOMA-IR (p = 0.002), and was positively correlated with serum adiponectin (p = 0.034), but not with circulating androgens or serum leptin levels. Serum adiponectin, but not HOMA-IR or fasting insulinemia, was independently associated with serum prolactin after adjustment for age, leptin, and anthropometrical adiposity parameters. Of the adiposity parameters, only WHR and VAI were independent predictors of serum prolactin after adjustment for adiponectin. Circulating prolactin was also negatively correlated with fasting glycemia (only in patients with normal glucose metabolism, p = 0.037) and was inversely correlated with the presence of metabolic syndrome (p < 0.001), but this association was not maintained after adjustment for possible confounders. In PCOS patients, serum prolactin level was related to adipose tissue quantity and function, and adiponectin was a possible mediator of this relationship. Low serum prolactin levels were associated with an unfavorable metabolic profile, but this association seemed to be due to the complex interplay among prolactin, adiposity, and insulin resistance rather than to a direct metabolic effect of prolactin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Albu
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dionisie Lupu Street 37, Bucharest, Romania.
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Elias University Hospital, Marasti Street 17, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Suzana Florea
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Elias University Hospital, Marasti Street 17, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Fica
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dionisie Lupu Street 37, Bucharest, Romania
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Elias University Hospital, Marasti Street 17, Bucharest, Romania
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Lemini M, Ruiz-Herrera X, Ledesma-Colunga MG, Díaz-Lezama N, De los Ríos EA, López-Barrera F, Méndez I, Martínez de la Escalera G, Macotela Y, Clapp C. Prolactin anterior pituitary expression and circulating levels are reduced in obese and diabetic rats: role of TGF-β and TNF-α. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 308:R792-9. [PMID: 25715833 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00327.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The levels of the hormone prolactin (PRL) are reduced in the circulation of patients with Type 2 diabetes and in obese children, and lower systemic PRL levels correlate with an increased prevalence of diabetes and a higher risk of metabolic syndrome. The secretion of anterior pituitary (AP) PRL in metabolic diseases may be influenced by the interplay between transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), which inhibit and can stimulate AP PRL synthesis, respectively, and are known contributors to insulin resistance and metabolic complications. Here, we show that TGF-β and TNF-α antagonize the effect of each other on the expression and release of PRL by the GH4C1 lactotrope cell line. The levels of AP mRNA and circulating PRL decrease in high-fat diet-induced obese rats in parallel with increased and reduced AP levels of TGF-β and TNF-α mRNA, respectively. Likewise, AP expression and circulating levels of PRL are reduced in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and are associated with higher AP expression and protein levels of TGF-β and TNF-α. The opposing effects of the two cytokines on cultured AP cells, together with their altered expression in the AP of obese and diabetic rats suggest they are linked to the reduced PRL production and secretion characteristics of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lemini
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Xarubet Ruiz-Herrera
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - María G. Ledesma-Colunga
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Nundehui Díaz-Lezama
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Ericka A. De los Ríos
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Fernando López-Barrera
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Isabel Méndez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | | | - Yazmín Macotela
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
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Tikk K, Sookthai D, Johnson T, Dossus L, Clavel-Chapelon F, Tjønneland A, Olsen A, Overvad K, Baglietto L, Rinaldi S, Romieu I, Boeing H, Trichopoulou A, Lagiou P, Trichopoulos D, Masala G, Agnoli C, Tumino R, Sacerdote C, Mattiello A, Buckland G, Sánchez S, Molina-Montes E, Amiano P, Castaño JMH, Barricarte A, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Monninkhof EM, Onland-Moret NC, Idahl A, Lundin E, Weiderpass E, Lund E, Waaseth M, Khaw KT, Key TJ, Travis RC, Gunter MJ, Riboli E, Kaaks R. Prolactin determinants in healthy women: A large cross-sectional study within the EPIC cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:2532-42. [PMID: 25143360 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental and epidemiologic data suggest that higher circulating prolactin is associated with breast cancer risk; however, how various risk factors for breast cancer influence prolactin levels in healthy women is not clear. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional associations between several suggested reproductive and lifestyle risk factors for breast cancer and circulating prolactin among pre- and postmenopausal women, taking into account the use of current postmenopausal hormone therapy, among 2,560 controls from a breast cancer nested case-control study within the EPIC cohort. RESULTS Adjusted geometric mean prolactin levels were significantly higher among premenopausal women, and among postmenopausal women using hormone therapy compared with nonusers (8.2, 7.0, and 6.3 ng/mL, respectively; Pcat = <0.0001). Furthermore, prolactin levels were significantly higher among users of combined estrogen-progestin hormone therapy compared with users of estrogen-alone hormone therapy (6.66 vs. 5.90 ng/mL; Pcat = 0.001). Prolactin levels were lower among parous women compared with nulliparous women (8.61 vs. 10.95 ng/mL; Pcat = 0.0002, premenopausal women); the magnitude of this difference depended on the number of full-term pregnancies (22.1% lower, ≥3 vs. 1 pregnancy, Ptrend = 0.01). Results for parity were similar but lower in magnitude among postmenopausal women. Prolactin did not vary by other studied factors, with the exception of lower levels among postmenopausal smokers compared with never smokers. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that current hormone therapy use, especially the use of combined hormone therapy, is associated with higher circulating prolactin levels in postmenopausal women, and confirms prior findings of lower circulating prolactin in parous women. IMPACT Our study extends the knowledge linking various breast cancer risk factors with circulating prolactin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Tikk
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Disorn Sookthai
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Theron Johnson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laure Dossus
- Nutrition, Hormones, and Women's Health Team, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM U1018, Villejuif, France. Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France. IGR, Villejuif, France
| | - Françoise Clavel-Chapelon
- Nutrition, Hormones, and Women's Health Team, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM U1018, Villejuif, France. Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France. IGR, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia. Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece. Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Trichopoulos
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, "Civic-M.P.Arezzo" Hospital ASP, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO-Piemonte), Torino, Italy. Human Genetic Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, Italy
| | - Amalia Mattiello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Genevieve Buckland
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment, and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Esther Molina-Montes
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitario de Granada, Granada, Spain. Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. Basque Regional Health Department, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - José María Huerta Castaño
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain
| | - Aurelio Barricarte
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
| | - H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands. School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evelyn M Monninkhof
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - N Charlotte Onland-Moret
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annika Idahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eva Lundin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway. Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eiliv Lund
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marit Waaseth
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marc J Gunter
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elio Riboli
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Breves JP, McCormick SD, Karlstrom RO. Prolactin and teleost ionocytes: new insights into cellular and molecular targets of prolactin in vertebrate epithelia. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 203:21-8. [PMID: 24434597 PMCID: PMC4096611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The peptide hormone prolactin is a functionally versatile hormone produced by the vertebrate pituitary. Comparative studies over the last six decades have revealed that a conserved function for prolactin across vertebrates is the regulation of ion and water transport in a variety of tissues including those responsible for whole-organism ion homeostasis. In teleost fishes, prolactin was identified as the "freshwater-adapting hormone", promoting ion-conserving and water-secreting processes by acting on the gill, kidney, gut and urinary bladder. In mammals, prolactin is known to regulate renal, intestinal, mammary and amniotic epithelia, with dysfunction linked to hypogonadism, infertility, and metabolic disorders. Until recently, our understanding of the cellular mechanisms of prolactin action in fishes has been hampered by a paucity of molecular tools to define and study ionocytes, specialized cells that control active ion transport across branchial and epidermal epithelia. Here we review work in teleost models indicating that prolactin regulates ion balance through action on ion transporters, tight-junction proteins, and water channels in ionocytes, and discuss recent advances in our understanding of ionocyte function in the genetically and embryonically accessible zebrafish (Danio rerio). Given the high degree of evolutionary conservation in endocrine and osmoregulatory systems, these studies in teleost models are contributing novel mechanistic insight into how prolactin participates in the development, function, and dysfunction of osmoregulatory systems across the vertebrate lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Breves
- Department of Biology & Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Stephen D McCormick
- Department of Biology & Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, Turners Falls, MA 01376, USA
| | - Rolf O Karlstrom
- Department of Biology & Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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58
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Wang R, Ross CA, Cai H, Cong WN, Daimon CM, Carlson OD, Egan JM, Siddiqui S, Maudsley S, Martin B. Metabolic and hormonal signatures in pre-manifest and manifest Huntington's disease patients. Front Physiol 2014; 5:231. [PMID: 25002850 PMCID: PMC4066441 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder typified by involuntary body movements, and psychiatric and cognitive abnormalities. Many HD patients also exhibit metabolic changes including progressive weight loss and appetite dysfunction. Here we have investigated metabolic function in pre-manifest and manifest HD subjects to establish an HD subject metabolic hormonal plasma signature. Individuals at risk for HD who have had predictive genetic testing showing the cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) expansion causative of HD, but who do not yet present signs and symptoms sufficient for the diagnosis of manifest HD are said to be “pre-manifest.” Pre-manifest and manifest HD patients, as well as both familial and non-familial controls, were evaluated for multiple peripheral metabolism signals including circulating levels of hormones, growth factors, lipids, and cytokines. Both pre-manifest and manifest HD subjects exhibited significantly reduced levels of circulating growth factors, including growth hormone and prolactin. HD-related changes in the levels of metabolic hormones such as ghrelin, glucagon, and amylin were also observed. Total cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL-C were significantly decreased in HD subjects. C-reactive protein was significantly elevated in pre-manifest HD subjects. The observation of metabolic alterations, even in subjects considered to be in the pre-manifest stage of HD, suggests that in addition, and prior, to overt neuronal damage, HD affects metabolic hormone secretion and energy regulation, which may shed light on pathogenesis, and provide opportunities for biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Metabolism Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher A Ross
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA ; Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Huan Cai
- Metabolism Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wei-Na Cong
- Metabolism Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Caitlin M Daimon
- Metabolism Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Olga D Carlson
- Diabetes Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Diabetes Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sana Siddiqui
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Metabolism Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, MD, USA
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Glintborg D, Altinok M, Mumm H, Buch K, Ravn P, Andersen M. Prolactin is associated with metabolic risk and cortisol in 1007 women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:1773-9. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Ma MCJ, Atanur SS, Aitman TJ, Kwitek AE. Genomic structure of nucleotide diversity among Lyon rat models of metabolic syndrome. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:197. [PMID: 24628878 PMCID: PMC4003853 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The metabolic syndrome (MetS), a complex disorder involving hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, is a major risk factor for heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. The Lyon Hypertensive (LH), Lyon Normotensive (LN) and Lyon Low-pressure (LL) rats are inbred strains simultaneously derived from a common outbred Sprague Dawley colony by selection for high, normal, and low blood pressure, respectively. Further studies found that LH is a MetS susceptible strain, while LN is resistant and LL has an intermediate phenotype. Whole genome sequencing determined that, while the strains are phenotypically divergent, they are nearly 98% similar at the nucleotide level. Using the sequence of the three strains, we applied an approach that harnesses the distribution of Observed Strain Differences (OSD), or nucleotide diversity, to distinguish genomic regions of identity-by-descent (IBD) from those with divergent ancestry between the three strains. This information was then used to fine-map QTL identified in a cross between LH and LN rats in order to identify candidate genes causing the phenotypes. Results We identified haplotypes that, in total, contain at least 95% of the identifiable polymorphisms between the Lyon strains that are likely of differing ancestral origin. By intersecting the identified haplotype blocks with Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) previously identified in a cross between LH and LN strains, the candidate QTL regions have been narrowed by 78%. Because the genome sequence has been determined, we were further able to identify putative functional variants in genes that are candidates for causing the QTL. Conclusions Whole genome sequence analysis between the LH, LN, and LL strains identified the haplotype structure of these three strains and identified candidate genes with sequence variants predicted to affect gene function. This approach, merged with additional integrative genetics approaches, will likely lead to novel mechanisms underlying complex disease and provide new drug targets and therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-197) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anne E Kwitek
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Auriemma RS, Granieri L, Galdiero M, Simeoli C, Perone Y, Vitale P, Pivonello C, Negri M, Mannarino T, Giordano C, Gasperi M, Colao A, Pivonello R. Effect of cabergoline on metabolism in prolactinomas. Neuroendocrinology 2013; 98:299-310. [PMID: 24355865 DOI: 10.1159/000357810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperprolactinemia has been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and glucose intolerance and is reportedly associated with an impaired metabolic profile. The current study aimed at investigating the effects of 12- and 60-month treatment with cabergoline (CAB) on metabolic syndrome (MetS) in patients with prolactinomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS 61 patients with prolactinomas (13 men, 48 women, 41 with microadenoma, 20 with macroadenoma), aged 34.4 ± 10.3 years, entered the study. In all patients, prolactin (PRL) and metabolic parameters were assessed at diagnosis and after 12 and 60 months of continuous CAB treatment. MetS was diagnosed according to NCEP-ATP III criteria. RESULTS Compared to baseline, CAB induced a significant decrease in PRL with complete normalization in 93% of patients after the 60-month treatment. At baseline, MetS prevalence was significantly higher in patients with PRL above (34.5%) than in those with PRL lower (12.5%) than the median (129 μg/l, p = 0.03). MetS prevalence significantly decreased after 12 (11.5%, p = 0.039) and 60 (5.0%, p = 0.001) months compared to baseline (28.0%). At both evaluations the lipid profile significantly improved compared to baseline. Fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance significantly decreased after 1 year of CAB (p = 0.012 and p = 0.002, respectively) and further improved after 60 months (p = 0.000). The visceral adiposity index significantly decreased after the 60-month treatment (p = 0.000) compared to baseline. At the 5-year evaluation CAB dose was the best predictor of percent decrease in fasting insulin (t = 2.35, p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS CAB significantly reduces MetS prevalence and improves the adipose tissue dysfunction index. The improvement in PRL, insulin sensitivity and other metabolic parameters might reflect the direct effect of CAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata S Auriemma
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, 'Federico II' University, Naples, Italy
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