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Abstract
Inflammation is not only the first line of defense of the organism but is also required in many reproductive processes such as ovulation, corpus luteum development, luteolysis, uterine clearance after insemination and post partum. Nevertheless, if excessive or persistent, inflammation can switch from a positive mechanism to a deleterious process, impairing oocyte quality and embryo development. Not only uterine but also non genital inflammatory sites can depreciate reproductive performances, with a carry over effect of 2 to 4 months. Since the metabolic challenges of the peripartum transition period make difficult for the cow to control inflammation, dairy cows are frequently in a pro-inflammatory stage, suggesting that inflammation, rather than infection, is a limiting factor of fertility in modern dairy cows. Within the first week after calving, cows have to mount an intense inflammatory response to the bacterial invasion of the uterine cavity with the challenge of being able to switch it off in no more than 5-6 weeks. The absence of neutrophils on endometrial smear is associated with the highest success rate at insemination. Since a fine tuning – rather than an absence - of inflammation is required along the reproductive cycle, anti-inflammatory drugs do not allow any improvement of pregnancy rate, except in the specific case of embryo transfer. Appropriate management of the transition period (especially nutritional) and in a long term perspective, genetic selection contribute to improve the aptitude of cows to controls the intensity of inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Chastant
- Reproduction, UMR INRA/ENVT 1225, Toulouse National Veterinary School, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Saint-Dizier
- Université de Tours, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Centre INRA Val-de-Loire, Nouzilly, France
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Zhang H, Wu ZM, Yang YP, Shaukat A, Yang J, Guo YF, Zhang T, Zhu XY, Qiu JX, Deng GZ, Shi DM. Catalpol ameliorates LPS-induced endometritis by inhibiting inflammation and TLR4/NF-κB signaling. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2019; 20:816-827. [PMID: 31489801 PMCID: PMC6751487 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1900071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Catalpol is the main active ingredient of an extract from Radix rehmanniae, which in a previous study showed a protective effect against various types of tissue injury. However, a protective effect of catalpol on uterine inflammation has not been reported. In this study, to investigate the protective mechanism of catalpol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bovine endometrial epithelial cells (bEECs) and mouse endometritis, in vitro and in vivo inflammation models were established. The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway and its downstream inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot (WB), and immunofluorescence techniques. The results from ELISA and qRT-PCR showed that catalpol dose-dependently reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, and chemokines such as C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) and CXCL5, both in bEECs and in uterine tissue. From the experimental results of WB, qRT-PCR, and immunofluorescence, the expression of TLR4 and the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 were markedly inhibited by catalpol compared with the LPS group. The inflammatory damage to the mouse uterus caused by LPS was greatly reduced and was accompanied by a decline in myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. The results of this study suggest that catalpol can exert an anti-inflammatory impact on LPS-induced bEECs and mouse endometritis by inhibiting inflammation and activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhi-min Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ya-ping Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Aftab Shaukat
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ying-fang Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xin-ying Zhu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jin-xia Qiu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gan-zhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- †E-mail:
| | - Dong-mei Shi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- †E-mail:
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Targeted transcript analysis revealed association of suboptimal expression of certain endometrial immunity-related genes with disparate uterine diseases in zebu cows. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:2493-2503. [PMID: 31197726 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01958-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The onset of uterine infection during postpartum period compromises uterine health, fertility, and productivity of dairy cattle. Endometrial innate immunity plays a key role in eliminating uterine infection and keeping the uterus healthy. Hence, the present study has been designed with the hypothesis that altered endometrial immune response around calving may compromise uterine health during postpartum period. Expression of interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α), prostaglandin synthase (PGFS, PGES), and antimicrobial peptides (beta-defensins (BDEF-4, BDEF-5), lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP), and calcium-binding proteins (S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12) in endometrial tissues on the day of calving was studied using qRT-PCR, and circulating concentrations of prostaglandin E and F metabolites (PGEM and PGFM) during peripartum period (on days - 7, - 4, - 1 (before calving), 0 (on the day of calving), + 1, + 4, and + 7 (post calving)) of normal (healthy) cows (n = 11) that did not develop postpartum uterine infection and cows that developed puerperal metritis (n = 7) and clinical endometritis (n = 6) were studied. Endometrial expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, BDEF-4, BDEF-5, S100A8, S100A12, and PGFS was higher (P < 0.05), and expression of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and PGES was lower (P < 0.05) in normal (healthy) cows than puerperal metritic and clinical endometritic cows. The PGFM concentration in serum was high (P < 0.05) on days 0, + 1, and + 4 of calving in puerperal metritic cows followed by normal and clinical endometritic cows. However, PGEM concentration in serum was high (P < 0.05) during peripartum period in uterine-infected (puerperal metritic and clinical endometritic) cows compared with normal cows. From the above findings, it is concluded that higher constitutive expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, PGFS, BDEF-4, BDEF-5, S100A8, and S100A12 genes in the endometrium and lower concentration of PGEM during the period immediate to calving might be beneficial for uterine health of cows.
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54
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Immune status during postpartum, peri-implantation and early pregnancy in cattle: An updated view. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 206:1-10. [PMID: 31133358 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the estrous cycle the mammalian endometrium undergoes morphological and functional changes that are essential for the establishment of pregnancy and proper ovarian and uterine functions. Among these changes, the most important are alterations in both inter- and intracellular signalling molecules, many of which modulate immune processes. In the endometrial tissue there are local innate (nonspecific) and adaptive (specific/acquired) response mechanisms which vary because of the endocrine status during the estrous cycle, pregnancy and postpartum period. Endometrial cells have responses that support the immune system by producing pro-inflammatory factors such as cytokines, sensors, effector molecules and chemokines. This response is important during gestation, pregnancy, and fetal growth, as well as in preventing infection, and immuno-rejection of the semi-allogeneic embryo. In dairy cows, both before and immediately after calving, there are marked changes in the values for hormonal and metabolic variables and the immune status is impaired. Thus, in several studies there has been assessment of the physiological and/or abnormal maternal immune changes and possible effects on dairy cow reproductive performance. The objective with this review is to summarize the novel information about the immune mechanisms involved during the postpartum period, subsequent peri-implantation period and pregnancy in dairy cows, and the possible effects on reproductive performance. This information provides for an enhanced understanding of the local and systemic immune responses associated with the metabolic and hormonal status of dairy cows, and alterations in the immune system of high producing cows and the possible effects on subsequent fertility.
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Cui L, Wang H, Ding Y, Li J, Li J. Changes in the blood routine, biochemical indexes and the pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions of peripheral leukocytes in postpartum dairy cows with metritis. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:157. [PMID: 31113485 PMCID: PMC6528309 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to clarify the changes in complete blood count, blood biochemistry, and the gene expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines of peripheral white blood cells in postpartum dairy cows with metritis. RESULTS The cows were assigned to the control group (n = 28) or the metritis group (n = 28), retrospectively. Blood samples were taken 7 days before the estimated parturition (- 7 d), on the day of parturition (0 d), and 7 and 30 d after parturition. There was no difference in blood indexes between the control group and the metritis group at - 7 d. The WBC, granulocytes and monocytes were generally higher at 7 and 30 d in the metritis group than the control. In comparison with the controls, all liver function parameters and triglyceride levels at 0, 7 and 30 d, and the creatinine level at 7 and 30 d were higher in cows with metritis. The concentrations of Ca and P at 0, 7 and 30 d, and of glucose at 0 d were lower for cows in the metritis group compared with cows in the control group. Among these parameters, the WBC at 30 d, the aspartate aminotransferase activity (AST) at 7 d exceeded normal ranges (WBC: 5.0 ~ 16.0 × 109/L; AST: 42.5 ~ 98 U/L), whereas the concentrations of glucose and Ca from 0 to 30 d were below normal ranges (glucose: 2.5 ~ 4.5 mmol/L; Ca: 2.2 ~ 2.5 mmol/L) in the metritis group. The gene expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the metritis group were higher than those in the control group, including the IL-1α at 7d, the IL-1β at - 7, 0 and 7 d, the IL-6 at - 7, 0, 7 and 30 d, the IL-8 at 0, 7 and 30 d, and the TNF-α at 7 and 30 d. CONCLUSION The cows with metritis experienced systemic inflammation for 4 weeks after calving, the impaired hepatic function, and the altered metabolic status with increased triglyceride level and decreased concentrations of glucose, Ca and P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, 12 East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, 12 East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanan Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, 12 East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, 12 East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianji Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, 12 East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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56
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Li T, Liu B, Mao W, Gao R, Wu J, Deng Y, Shen Y, Liu K, Cao J. Prostaglandin E 2 promotes nitric oxide synthase 2, platelet-activating factor receptor, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression in Escherichia coli-challenged ex vivo endometrial explants via the prostaglandin E 2 receptor 4/protein kinase a signaling pathway. Theriogenology 2019; 134:65-73. [PMID: 31136957 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an inflammatory mediator involved in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory conditions, including endometritis. Previous studies have shown that PGE2 accumulates in Escherichia coli-challenged ex vivo endometrial explants, increasing the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and aggravating tissue damage; these alterations are linked to key enzymes involved in the synthesis of PGE2, including cyclooxygenases-2 (COX-2) and microsomal PGES-1 (mPGES-1). In this study, we aimed to investigate whether administration of PGE2 modulated the activities of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2), platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in E. coli-challenged ex vivo bovine endometrial explants. Our findings showed that COX-2 and mPGES-1 inhibitors significantly reduced NOS2, PAFR, and MMP-2 expression in the E. coli-challenged ex vivo endometrial explants. In addition, NOS2, PAFR, and MMP-2 expression levels were strongly increased in response to treatment with 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase inhibitors in the E. coli-challenged ex vivo endometrial explants. However, these stimulatory effects could be blocked by PGE2 receptor 4 (EP4) and protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors. Overall, these findings show that pathogenic PGE2 upregulated NOS2, PAFR, and MMP-2 expression, which may enhance inflammatory damage via the EP4/PKA signaling pathway in E. coli-challenged ex vivo endometrial explants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Ruifeng Gao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Jindi Wu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Yang Deng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Jinshan Cao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China.
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57
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Fagundes NS, Rezende AL, Alvarenga PB, Magalhães LQ, Santos RM, Headley SA, Silva MJB, Beletti ME, Saut JPE. Short communication: Proinflammatory gene expression relative to the collection technique of endometrial samples from cows with and without subclinical endometritis. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:5511-5517. [PMID: 30981492 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Uterine inflammation negatively affects reproductive performance and is an important cause of infertility and subfertility in dairy cows. Several studies have investigated the use of gene expression in endometrial samples collected by biopsy or cytology to evaluate the inflammatory response of the cow uterus. This study aimed to compare the expression of the CCL5, CXCL8, IL6, and IL1B genes in the bovine endometrium according to the site of sample collection [caruncular (C) or intercaruncular (IC)], the collection method (biopsy or cytology), and the category of inflammation based on endometrial cytology (zero, medium, or high) in subclinical endometritis. The reproductive tracts of dairy cows were collected from a slaughterhouse, and punch-biopsy samples of endometrial tissues were obtained from both regions (C and IC). Endometrial cells from these regions were collected with the cytobrush technique and then used for the analysis of mRNA expression by quantitative PCR. After counting polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) by endometrial cytology, 20 uteri with an ovary at stage I (d 1-4 of estrous cycle) were categorized into 3 groups. Uteri with 0% PMN (n = 10) were assigned to group zero, uteri with 5 to 15% PMN (n = 5) to group medium (12.2 ± 1.6% PMN), and uteri with >15% PMN (n = 5) to group high (53.8 ± 32.9% PMN). All data were analyzed with 2-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparison post test. The results from gene transcripts demonstrated that the region (C or IC) of the endometrial biopsy had no influence on any of the degrees of inflammatory reaction observed. However, gene expression was more elevated in the endometrium of cows with greater inflammation compared with those without inflammation (CCL5, CXCL8, IL6, IL1B) and those with medium inflammation (CCL5, IL6). Expression of the genes evaluated did not differ between the endometrium without inflammation and with medium inflammation. However, in the high inflammation group, all genes were comparatively more expressed in samples collected by cytology relative to those derived from biopsies for both anatomical regions. In conclusion, gene expression did not differ between the C and IC tissue. Samples collected from animals with greater inflammation had greater gene expression than those with zero or medium inflammation. In addition, cytology samples had greater gene expression than biopsy samples in the high inflammation group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia S Fagundes
- Large Animal Health Laboratory, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia-Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil; Laboratory of Biology of Reproduction, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia-Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Amanda L Rezende
- Large Animal Health Laboratory, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia-Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Paula B Alvarenga
- Large Animal Health Laboratory, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia-Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Layane Q Magalhães
- Large Animal Health Laboratory, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia-Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Ricarda M Santos
- Large Animal Health Laboratory, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia-Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Selwyn A Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Marcelo J B Silva
- Laboratory of Biology of Reproduction, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia-Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Marcelo E Beletti
- Laboratory of Biology of Reproduction, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia-Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - João P E Saut
- Large Animal Health Laboratory, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia-Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil.
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58
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Pisano S, Giustiniani M, Francis L, Gonzalez D, Margarit L, Sheldon IM, Paolino D, Fresta M, Conlan RS, Healey GD. Liquid crystal delivery of ciprofloxacin to treat infections of the female reproductive tract. Biomed Microdevices 2019; 21:36. [PMID: 30923927 PMCID: PMC6439215 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-019-0385-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Infections of the female reproductive tract are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans, requiring significant investment to sustain treatment and representing a major challenge to health. The increasing prevalence of bacterial resistance, and an almost complete absence of new antibiotic therapies for the past five decades, mean there is a desperate need for novel approaches to the treatment of bacterial infections. Within the present study, we demonstrate the effective ex vivo treatment of bacterial infection of the female reproductive tract using a controlled-release, liquid crystal-based platform. Liquid crystal encapsulation of ciprofloxacin significantly enhanced its bactericidal efficacy and reduced cell toxicity. Liquid crystal structures are low-cost, simple to manufacture and provide a sustained-release profile of encapsulated ciprofloxacin. Treatment of Escherichia coli infected reproductive tract epithelial cells and whole organ cultures with liquid crystal encapsulated ciprofloxacin proved to be an effective strategy for reducing bacterial load and reproductive tract inflammatory responses to infection. These data suggest that such an approach could provide an efficacious treatment modality for enhancing the effectiveness of current antibiotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pisano
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Matteo Giustiniani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Viale "S. Venuta", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
- Inter-Regional Research Center for Food Safety & Health, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Viale "S. Venuta", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lewis Francis
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Deyarina Gonzalez
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Lavinia Margarit
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Department Princess of Wales Hospital, Abertawe Bro Morannwg University Health Board, Coity Road, Bridgend, CF31 1RQ, UK
| | - I Martin Sheldon
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Viale "S. Venuta", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
- Inter-Regional Research Center for Food Safety & Health, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Viale "S. Venuta", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Viale "S. Venuta", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
- Inter-Regional Research Center for Food Safety & Health, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Viale "S. Venuta", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - R Steven Conlan
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Gareth D Healey
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
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59
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Deng Y, Liu B, Mao W, Shen Y, Fu C, Gao L, Zhang S, Wu J, Li Q, Li T, Liu K, Cao J. Regulatory roles of PGE 2 in LPS-induced tissue damage in bovine endometrial explants. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 852:207-217. [PMID: 30930248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bovine endometritis is the most common uterine disease following parturition. The role of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in regulating normal physiological function in the bovine endometrium has been clearly established. Although PGE2 accumulation is observed in multiple inflammatory diseases, such as endometritis, its association with pathogen-induced inflammatory damage in the endometrium is unclear. To clarify the role of PGE2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endometritis in cultured bovine endometrial explants, the levels of PGE2 secretion, prostaglandin synthetases, pro-inflammatory factors, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) were evaluated in the present study. Significant PGE2 accumulation in response to LPS stimulation, up-regulation of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 (PTGS-2), microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1), pro-inflammatory factors including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)/nitric oxide (NO) and DAMPs including hyaluronan binding protein 1 (HABP1) and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), were observed compared to the control group. LPS induced distinct damage in the bovine endometrium, characterized by morphological changes and increases in HABP1 and HMGB1 expression. PTGS-2 inhibitors CAY10404 and NS398 effectively decreased the secretion of PGE2 and the expression of prostaglandin synthetases, pro-inflammatory factors and DAMPs, and alleviated LPS-induced tissue damage. These results indicate that PGE2 accumulates via PTGS-2 and mPGES-1 and induces tissue damage by upregulating pro-inflammatory factors and DAMPs in LPS-treated bovine endometrial explants. These findings provide a basis for the effect of PGE2 on LPS-treated bovine endometrium, and suggest a potential target for curing endometritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Deng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; School of Public Health, 014060, Bao Tou Medicine College, Bao Tou, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Changqi Fu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Long Gao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; School of Public Health, 014060, Bao Tou Medicine College, Bao Tou, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuangyi Zhang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Jindi Wu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Qianru Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinshan Cao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China.
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Dahiya S, Kumari S, Rani P, Onteru SK, Singh D. Postpartum uterine infection & ovarian dysfunction. Indian J Med Res 2018; 148:S64-S70. [PMID: 30964082 PMCID: PMC6469370 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_961_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Postpartum uterine infections such as metritis, endometritis and mastitis have been considered as underlying causes for ovarian dysfunction in mammals. Almost all mammals, particularly dairy animals are susceptible to postpartum uterine infections, resulting in impaired fertility and economic loss. One of the factors for low fertility in females is ovarian dysfunction, which is exhibited as impaired growth and function of ovarian follicles by the postpartum infection. Immune system of mammals provides a host defence mechanism against pathogenic microbes through the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and forming inflammasomes. Like immune cells, ovarian granulosa cells also exhibit a similar pattern of cytokine gene expressions on exposure to PAMPs. Genome-wide transcriptomic approaches explored the molecular mechanisms underlying the immune function of buffalo granulosa cells during endotoxin exposure. Understanding the molecular mechanism of ovarian dysfunction due to uterine infection would be helpful to implement various strategies to handle the adverse effects of postpartum uterine disease on fertility by developing potential therapeutics. Therefore, this article focuses on key factors that are responsible for postpartum infection and particularly summarizes the molecular mechanism of infection underlying the ovarian dysfunction in dairy animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Dahiya
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & System Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Suman Kumari
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & System Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Payal Rani
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & System Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Suneel Kumar Onteru
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & System Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Dheer Singh
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & System Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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61
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Sheldon IM, Cronin JG, Bromfield JJ. Tolerance and Innate Immunity Shape the Development of Postpartum Uterine Disease and the Impact of Endometritis in Dairy Cattle. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2018; 7:361-384. [PMID: 30359085 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-020518-115227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria are ubiquitous in the bovine uterus after parturition, but 50 years ago, cows tolerated these bacteria and few animals developed uterine disease. Now, up to 40% of dairy cattle develop postpartum uterine disease. Uterine disease causes infertility by compromising the function of not only the endometrium but also the ovary. Animals defend themselves against pathogens using tolerance and resistance mechanisms. Tolerance is the ability to limit the disease severity induced by a given pathogen burden. Resistance is the ability to limit the pathogen burden and is usually the function of immunity. Endometrial cells contribute to tolerance and have roles in innate immunity and the inflammatory response to pathogens. However, failures in endometrial tolerance and the character of the inflammatory response shape postpartum uterine disease. We propose that uterine health is more dependent on the ability of the endometrium to tolerate pathogens than the ability to resist invading bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Martin Sheldon
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom; ,
| | - James G Cronin
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom; ,
| | - John J Bromfield
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-0910, USA;
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Koh YQ, Mitchell MD, Almughlliq FB, Vaswani K, Peiris HN. Regulation of inflammatory mediator expression in bovine endometrial cells: effects of lipopolysaccharide, interleukin 1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13676. [PMID: 29707922 PMCID: PMC5925570 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An abnormal uterine environment can influence maternal-fetal communication, conception rate and disrupt normal embryo development, thereby affecting fertility and the reproductive performance of dairy cows. Animal variability means that development of endometrial cell lines with appropriate characteristic are required. We evaluated the effect of an infectious agent (i.e., bacterial lipopolysaccharide; LPS) and proinflammatory mediators (i.e., Interleukin 1 beta; IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor alpha; TNFα) on inflammatory mediator gene expression and production by bovine endometrial epithelial (bEEL) and stromal (bCSC) cell lines. Expression of CXCL8/IL8, IL1A, IL1B, and IL6 cytokine genes was significantly upregulated in both epithelial and stromal cells when treated with LPS and IL-1β. LPS treatment of epithelial cells (compared with treatment by IL-1β and TNFα) exhibited greater CXCL8/IL8, IL1A, IL1B, and IL6 cytokine gene expression. Whereas, in stromal cells, IL-1β treatment (compared with LPS and TNFα) exhibited greater CXCL8/IL8, IL1A, IL1B, and IL6 cytokine gene expression. Interestingly, bEEL and bCSC cells treated with IL-1β increased IL1B gene expression, suggesting that IL-1β may act unusually in an autocrine-positive feedback loop. Cytokine production was stimulated by these agents in both cell types. We suggest that the characteristics of these two cell lines make them excellent tools for the study of intrauterine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qin Koh
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical ResearchFaculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Murray D. Mitchell
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical ResearchFaculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Fatema B. Almughlliq
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical ResearchFaculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Kanchan Vaswani
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical ResearchFaculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Hassendrini N. Peiris
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical ResearchFaculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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Jecminkova K, Müller U, Kyselova J, Sztankoova Z, Zavadilova L, Stipkova M, Majzlik I. Association of leptin, toll-like receptor 4, and chemokine receptor of interleukin 8 C-X-C motif single nucleotide polymorphisms with fertility traits in Czech Fleckvieh cattle. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018; 31:1721-1728. [PMID: 29642663 PMCID: PMC6212755 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective The use of genetic markers can help to enhance reproduction in cattle, which is a very important trait for profitability in dairy production systems. This study evaluated the association between genotypes of leptin (LEP), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and chemokine receptor of interleukin 8 C-X-C motif (CXCR1) genes and fertility traits in Czech Fleckvieh cattle. Methods Phenotypic data from 786 Czech Fleckvieh cows raised on 5 farms in the Czech Republic were used, along with information from the 1st three parities. To determine genotype, the polymerase chain reaction– restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used. Results Except for LEP g.-963C>T, all studied genotype frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were distributed according to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Two LEP SNPs (g.-963C>T and c.357C>T) were associated with the age at the 1st calving, days open (DO), pregnancy rate after 1st service (PR), and calving interval (CLI). In LEP g.-963C>T the TT genotype heifers firstly calved 24 days earlier than CC genotype and the CT genotype cow showed a tendency for shorter DO and higher PR. In LEP c.357C>T we observed longer CLI and DO period in TT cows. In general, we can propose the TT genotype of g.-963C>T as favorable and the TT genotype of c.357C>T as unfavorable for a cow’s fertility. Heterozygotes in TLR4 c.-226C>G were significantly associated with shorter CLI, and presented a nonsignificant tendency to be associated with higher PR. In CXCR1 c.777 C>G, we did not observe any relationship of this SNP with reproduction. Conclusion Overall, the results showed that LEP could be an effective marker for improving reproduction in Czech Fleckvieh cattle. This study also provides novel insights into the relationship between TLR4 and CXCR1 SNPs and reproduction in dual-purpose cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Jecminkova
- Institute of Animal Science, Prague 10400, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Uwe Müller
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 100 99, Germany
| | - Jitka Kyselova
- Institute of Animal Science, Prague 10400, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | - Ivan Majzlik
- Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 16500, Czech Republic
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64
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Bidne KL, Dickson MJ, Ross JW, Baumgard LH, Keating AF. Disruption of female reproductive function by endotoxins. Reproduction 2018; 155:R169-R181. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endotoxemia can be caused by obesity, environmental chemical exposure, abiotic stressors and bacterial infection. Circumstances that deleteriously impact intestinal barrier integrity can induce endotoxemia, and controlled experiments have identified negative impacts of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; an endotoxin mimetic) on folliculogenesis, puberty onset, estrus behavior, ovulation, meiotic competence, luteal function and ovarian steroidogenesis. In addition, neonatal LPS exposures have transgenerational female reproductive impacts, raising concern about early life contacts to this endogenous reproductive toxicant. Aims of this review are to identify physiological stressors causing endotoxemia, to highlight potential mechanism(s) by which LPS compromises female reproduction and identify knowledge gaps regarding how acute and/or metabolic endotoxemia influence(s) female reproduction.
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Gärtner MA, Peter S, Jung M, Drillich M, Einspanier R, Gabler C. Increased mRNA expression of selected pro-inflammatory factors in inflamed bovine endometrium in vivo as well as in endometrial epithelial cells exposed to Bacillus pumilus in vitro. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 28:982-994. [PMID: 25562589 DOI: 10.1071/rd14219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial epithelium plays a crucial role in the first immune response to invading bacteria by producing cytokines and chemokines. The aim of this study was to investigate the first inflammatory response of the endometrium in vivo and in vitro. Gene expression of several pro-inflammatory factors and Toll-like receptors (TLR2, -4, -6) was determined in endometrial cytobrush samples obtained from healthy cows and cows with clinical or subclinical endometritis. Endometrial epithelial cells were co-cultured with an isolated autochthonous uterine bacterial strain Bacillus pumilus. Total RNA was extracted from in vivo and in vitro samples and subjected to real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. CXC ligands (CXCL) 1/2 and CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR) 2 mRNA expression was higher in cows with subclinical endometritis and CXCL3 mRNA expression was higher in cows with clinical endometritis compared with healthy cows. B. pumilus induced cell death of epithelial cells within 24h of co-culturing. The presence of B. pumilus resulted in significantly higher mRNA expression of interleukin 1α (IL1A), IL6, IL8, CXCL1-3 and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 in co-cultured cells compared with untreated controls. The maximum increase was mainly detected after 2h. These results support the hypothesis that bacterial infection of endometrial cells might induce prompt synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines resulting in a local inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina A Gärtner
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Peter
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Jung
- Institute for the Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow, Bernauer Allee 10, 16321 Bernau, Germany
| | - Marc Drillich
- University Clinic for Ruminants, Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ralf Einspanier
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Gabler
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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66
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Menchetti L, Barbato O, Filipescu IE, Traina G, Leonardi L, Polisca A, Troisi A, Guelfi G, Piro F, Brecchia G. Effects of local lipopolysaccharide administration on the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 and pro-inflammatory cytokines in uterus and oviduct of rabbit does. Theriogenology 2018; 107:162-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Wankhade PR, Manimaran A, Kumaresan A, Jeyakumar S, Ramesha KP, Sejian V, Rajendran D, Varghese MR. Metabolic and immunological changes in transition dairy cows: A review. Vet World 2017; 10:1367-1377. [PMID: 29263601 PMCID: PMC5732345 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1367-1377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Smooth transition from pregnancy to lactation is important for high productive and reproductive performance during later postpartum period in dairy animals. On the other hand, the poor transition often leads to huge economic loss to dairy farmers due to compromised production and reproduction. Therefore, understanding the causes and consequence of metabolic changes during the transition period is very important for postpartum health management. In this review, metabolic changes with reference to negative energy balance in transition cow and its effect on health and reproduction during the later postpartum period in dairy animals are discussed besides the role of metabolic inflammation in postpartum performance in dairy animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Ramesh Wankhade
- Livestock Research Centre, Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - A Manimaran
- Livestock Research Centre, Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - A Kumaresan
- Livestock Research Centre, Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - S Jeyakumar
- Livestock Research Centre, Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - K P Ramesha
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - V Sejian
- Division of Animal Physiology, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - D Rajendran
- Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - Minu Rachel Varghese
- Dairy Production Section, Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
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68
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Endometritis and In Vitro PGE 2 Challenge Modify Properties of Cattle Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Transcriptomic Profile. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:4297639. [PMID: 29213289 PMCID: PMC5682089 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4297639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated and characterized from postpartum bovine endometrium of animals with subclinical (n = 5) and clinical endometritis (n = 3) and healthy puerperal females (n = 5). Cells isolated displayed mean morphological features of MSCs and underwent osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation after induction (healthy and subclinical). Cells from cows with clinical endometritis did not undergo adipogenic differentiation. All cells expressed mRNAs for selected MSC markers. Endometrial MSCs were challenged in vitro with PGE2 at concentrations of 0, 1, 3, and 10 μM, and their global transcriptomic profile was studied. Overall, 1127 genes were differentially expressed between unchallenged cells and cells treated with PGE2 at all concentrations (763 up- and 364 downregulated, fold change > 2, and P < 0.05). The pathways affected the most by the PGE2 challenge were immune response, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation. In conclusion, we demonstrated that healthy puerperal bovine endometrium contains MSCs and that endometritis modifies and limits some functional characteristics of these cells, such as their ability to proceed to adipogenic differentiation. Also, PGE2, an inflammatory mediator of endometritis, modifies the transcriptomic profile of endometrial MSCs. A similar situation may occur during inflammation associated with endometritis, therefore affecting the main properties of endometrial MSCs.
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69
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Martins T, Muniz C, Paixão T, Ruas J, Santos R, Borges Á. Endometrial transcription of microbial molecular patterns receptors in Gyr and F1 Holstein x Gyr postpartum cows. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Zebu and Holstein x Zebu crossbred have low incidence of uterine infection when compared to Holstein cows. Resistance to uterine infections may be associated with the ability to recognize invading microorganisms. Endometrial transcription of microbial molecular patterns receptors has been investigated in the postpartum period of Holstein cows, but it is completely unknown in Zebu or Holstein x Zebu cows. In this study, 9 Gyr and 12 F1 Holstein x Gyr cows were submitted to endometrial biopsies at the first and seventh days postpartum, with the objective to measure transcription levels of toll-like receptors (TLRs) 1/6, 2, 4, 5, and 9; nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors 1 and 2; and coreceptors cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) and myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2). There was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in transcription of TLR5 in Gyr, and an increase in transcription of TLR9 in F1 cows, between the first and seventh day postpartum. Both groups had low incidences of uterine infections up to 42 days postpartum. Uterine involution completed at 27.7 ± 10.1 and 25.1 ± 4.7 days postpartum for Gyr and F1 cows, respectively. In Gyr cows, higher transcription levels of TLR1/6 and NOD1 correlated to a longer period required for uterine involution. In F1 cows, lower levels of TLR1/6, TLR2 and NOD2 correlated to a longer period required for uterine involution. In conclusion, some pathogen recognition receptors associated significantly with the time required for uterine involution in Gyr and F1 cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C.S. Muniz
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - T.A. Paixão
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J.R.M. Ruas
- Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Brazil
| | - R.L. Santos
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Á.M. Borges
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Adnane M, Chapwanya A, Kaidi R, Meade KG, O'Farrelly C. Profiling inflammatory biomarkers in cervico-vaginal mucus (CVM) postpartum: Potential early indicators of bovine clinical endometritis? Theriogenology 2017; 103:117-122. [PMID: 28780482 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Endometritis significantly impacts fertility and milk yield, thus reducing profitability of the dairy production. In cows that develop endometritis, normal postpartum endometrial inflammation is dysregulated. Here, we propose that endometrial inflammation is reflected in cervico-vaginal mucus (CVM) which could therefore be used as a prognostic tool. CVM was collected from 20 dairy cows (10 with clinical endometritis and 10 healthy) 7 and 21 days postpartum (DPP). Polymorphonuclear (PMN), mononuclear leukocyte and epithelial cells were counted, total protein levels were estimated and levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp) and C5b were analyzed by ELISA in CVM. PMN were consistently high in CVM from 7 to 21 DPP, but were higher in CVM from cows with clinical endometritis 21 DPP compared with healthy cows. In contrast, there were more epithelial cells in healthy cows 21 DPP than in clinical endometritis animals. Total protein levels decreased significantly in CVM from healthy cows between days 7 and 21 postpartum. All inflammatory biomarkers except C5b, remained high in cows with clinical endometritis from 7 to 21 DPP, indicating sustained and chronic endometrial inflammation. IL1, IL-6, IL-8 and Hp levels were higher in CVM from cows with clinical endometritis compared to healthy cows 21 DPP. Interestingly IL-1β levels were raised in CVM from clinical endometritis but not in healthy cows 7 DPP suggesting that early measurement of IL-1β levels might provide a useful predictive marker of clinical endometritis. In contrast, SAA and C5b levels were increased in healthy cows 21 DPP, compared to cows with clinical endometritis suggesting that these acute phase proteins might have an anti-inflammatory role. Our results show that CVM is convenient for profiling disease-associated changes in key inflammatory molecules postpartum and reaffirms that sustained inflammation is a key feature of clinical endometritis in the dairy cow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Adnane
- Comparative Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland; High National Veterinary School, Algiers, Algeria; Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Tiaret, Algeria
| | - Aspinas Chapwanya
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Rachid Kaidi
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Blida, Algeria
| | - Kieran G Meade
- Animal & Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Cliona O'Farrelly
- Comparative Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
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Piras C, Guo Y, Soggiu A, Chanrot M, Greco V, Urbani A, Charpigny G, Bonizzi L, Roncada P, Humblot P. Changes in protein expression profiles in bovine endometrial epithelial cells exposed to E. coli LPS challenge. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:392-405. [PMID: 28070584 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00723f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
E. coli is one of the most frequently involved bacteria in uterine diseases. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria involved in pathogenic processes leading to post-partum metritis and endometritis in cattle. It also causes inflammation of the endometrium. The increase of cell proliferation by LPS is part of the inflammatory process. The aim of this study was to investigate possible changes in protein expression in relation to the proliferative response of bEECs after challenge with E. coli-LPS. In vitro culture of bEECs was performed from cow genital tracts collected at a slaughterhouse. In passage 5, bEECs from each of 9 cows (3 series of 3 cows) were exposed to 0, 8, and 16 μg ml-1 LPS for 72 h. At time 0 and 72 h later, attached cells/living cells were counted and for each time and LPS dosage, cells were frozen for proteomic analyses. All samples from the 3 series were analyzed by 2-D gel electrophoresis coupled to MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. The samples from the first series were subjected to shotgun nLC-MS/MS analysis. From the whole differential proteomics analysis, 38 proteins were differentially expressed (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) following exposure to LPS. Among them, twenty-eight were found to be up-regulated in the LPS groups in comparison to control groups and ten were down-regulated. Differentially expressed proteins were associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis, transcription, destabilization of cell structure, oxidative stress, regulation of histones, allergy and general cell metabolism pathways. The de-regulations induced by LPS were consistent with the proliferative phenotype and indicated strong alterations of several cell functions. In addition, some of the differentially expressed proteins relates to pathways activated at the time of implantation. The specific changes induced through those signals may have negative consequences for the establishment of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Piras
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Yongzhi Guo
- Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, Sweden
| | - Alessio Soggiu
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Metasu Chanrot
- Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, Sweden and Rajamangala University of Srivijaya (RMUTSV), Thungyai, Thailand
| | - Viviana Greco
- Proteomics and Metabonomics Unit Fondazione Santa Lucia - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica, Roma, Italy
| | - Gilles Charpigny
- INRA, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Luigi Bonizzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Roncada
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy and Istituto Sperimentale Italiano L. Spallanzani, Milano and TechnologieS srl, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Patrice Humblot
- Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, Sweden
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Effects of rumen-protected methionine and choline supplementation on steroidogenic potential of the first postpartum dominant follicle and expression of immune mediators in Holstein cows. Theriogenology 2017; 96:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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A review of the ongoing discussion about definition, diagnosis and pathomechanism of subclinical endometritis in dairy cows. Theriogenology 2017; 94:21-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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74
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Genís S, Bach À, Arís A. Effects of intravaginal lactic acid bacteria on bovine endometrium: Implications in uterine health. Vet Microbiol 2017; 204:174-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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75
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Noleto PG, Saut JPE, Sheldon IM. Short communication: Glutamine modulates inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide in ex vivo bovine endometrium. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:2207-2212. [PMID: 28109606 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria infect the endometrium lining the uterus of cattle after parturition, and clearance of these microbes depends on a robust innate immune response to bacterial molecules, such as the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Endometrial inflammation is characterized by secretion of the cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 and the chemokine IL-8. However, animals often fail to clear invading bacteria and develop uterine disease if they are in negative energy balance, with reduced abundance of glucose and glutamine, which are substrates for energy in tissues. Depletion of glucose blunts inflammatory responses in the endometrium, but the role of glutamine is not clear. The present study tested the hypothesis that depletion of glutamine compromises inflammatory responses to LPS in endometrial tissue. Ex vivo organ cultures of endometrium were challenged with LPS, and culture supernatants accumulated IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, as expected. However, reducing the availability of glutamine in culture medium containing glucose reduced the accumulation of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 by >50%. Surprisingly, in the absence of glucose, supplying increasing amounts of glutamine was not sufficient to augment inflammatory responses to LPS, whereas, in the absence of glutamine, supplying more glucose increased inflammation. Furthermore, inhibiting glycolysis reduced the accumulation of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 by >50%, even when glutamine and glucose were abundant. In conclusion, depletion of glutamine reduces inflammatory responses to LPS in the endometrium, and the activity of glutamine depends on glucose and glycolysis. These data provide mechanistic insights into how negative energy balance may be linked to postpartum uterine disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo G Noleto
- Large Animal Health Laboratory, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 38400-902, Brazil; Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom.
| | - João Paulo E Saut
- Large Animal Health Laboratory, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - I Martin Sheldon
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
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76
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Salehi R, Colazo MG, Gobikrushanth M, Basu U, Ambrose DJ. Effects of prepartum oilseed supplements on subclinical endometritis, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine transcripts in endometrial cells and postpartum ovarian function in dairy cows. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 29:747-758. [DOI: 10.1071/rd15334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Postpartum uterine infections affect ovarian function and delay ovulation in cattle. As dietary fats can affect immune cell function, we investigated the influence of prepartum diets on postpartum uterine inflammatory status (UIS) as assessed 25 ± 1 days postpartum by endometrial cytology (normal: ≤8% polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) vs subclinical endometritis (SCE): >8% PMN) and associations between SCE, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression and ovarian function. During the last 5 weeks of gestation, dairy cows received a diet supplemented with 8% rolled sunflower (n = 10) or canola seed (n = 9) or no oilseed (n = 9). Ovaries were scanned until 35 days postpartum. Prepartum diets did not influence SCE, but a preovulatory-size follicle developed sooner (P ≤ 0.05), the interval to first ovulation was shorter and the proportion of cows ovulating within 35 days postpartum was greater in the sunflower seed group. Although mRNA expression of cytokines was not affected by diet, cows with SCE had higher (P ≤ 0.05) expression of interleukin-1β (IL1B), interleukin-8 (CXCL8), IL10 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF) than normal cows. The interval (mean ± s.e.m.) from calving to preovulatory-size follicle was shorter (P ≤ 0.05) in normal (13.2 ± 0.9 days) than SCE cows (18.7 ± 1.4 days). In summary, a prepartum diet supplemented with sunflower seed positively influenced postpartum ovarian function without affecting UIS or pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in endometrial cells.
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77
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Wagener K, Pothmann H, Prunner I, Peter S, Erber R, Aurich C, Drillich M, Gabler C. Endometrial mRNA expression of selected pro-inflammatory factors and mucins in repeat breeder cows with and without subclinical endometritis. Theriogenology 2016; 90:237-244. [PMID: 28166974 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Repeat breeder cows (RBC) are defined as cyclic cows without clinical abnormalities that fail to conceive after at least three subsequent inseminations. Previous studies have elucidated cellular defence mechanisms in the bovine uterus but detailed information on inflammatory events of endometrial cells in RBC is still lacking. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyse endometrial mRNA expression of selected transcripts associated with uterine inflammatory processes. Cytobrush samples from 91 RBC and 11 synchronised heifers with no history of gynaecological abnormalities (controls, CON) were collected. The proportion of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in these samples was used for the diagnosis of subclinical endometritis (SE). Ultrasonography and progesterone blood concentrations were used to determine ovarian activity and the stage of the oestrous cycle. Total RNA was isolated from the cytobrush samples and subjected to reverse transcription-quantitative PCR for interleukins (IL) 1A, IL1B, IL6, IL8, chemokine CXL ligand (CXCL) 3, CXCL5, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), tracheal antimicrobial peptide (TAP) and mucin (MUC) 4, MUC5, MUC6, MUC12 and MUC16. CXCL3 mRNA was higher (2-fold) and PTGS2 mRNA lower (6-fold) expressed in RBC compared with CON (P < 0.05). After subdivision of RBC in animals with (RBC-SE) and without SE (RBC-noSE), these differences remained significant between RBC-noSE and CON. Higher mRNA abundances of IL1A and IL1B were found in RBC-SE compared with RBC-noSE (3- and 4-fold; P < 0.05). No differences in the mRNA expression of IL6, IL8, CXCL5 and TAP were observed between RBC-SE, RBC-noSE and CON. MUC4 and MUC12 mRNA was more highly expressed in RBC than in CON (P < 0.05). In RBC-noSE, a 5- and 14-fold higher MUC4 and MUC12 mRNA expression was noticed compared with CON (P < 0.05). A significantly lower mRNA expression of MUC5 and MUC16 (7- and 4-fold) was detected in RBC in the luteal phase compared with RBC in the follicular phase, whereas such a down-regulation was not observed for MUC4 and MUC12. In conclusion, we demonstrated different PTGS2 and CXCL3 mRNA expression between RBC and control heifers, which might be related to subfertility in RBC. Further studies are required to confirm that an unregulated MUC4 and MUC12 mRNA expression may contribute to subfertility of RBC. These findings provide a valid basis for further research on regulatory mechanisms of mRNA expression in subfertile cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wagener
- University Clinic for Ruminants, Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - H Pothmann
- University Clinic for Ruminants, Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - I Prunner
- University Clinic for Ruminants, Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - S Peter
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Erber
- Centre for Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - C Aurich
- Centre for Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - M Drillich
- University Clinic for Ruminants, Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - C Gabler
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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78
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Transcriptional abundance of antioxidant enzymes in endometrium and their circulating levels in Zebu cows with and without uterine infection. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 177:79-87. [PMID: 28007408 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress during peripartum period may compromise the uterine immunity. In the present study, we assessed the oxidative stress and antioxidant status during peripartum period and studied their relationship with postpartum uterine infection in dairy cows. Peripheral blood concentrations of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) were determined (day -21, -7, on the day of calving and day +7, +21, +35) in normal (n=11), puerperal metritic (n=7) and clinical endometritic (n=6) cows. Endometrial biopsy was performed on the day of calving and expression of CAT, GPx4 and SOD2 genes was studied using qRT-PCR. Puerperal metritic cows had significantly (P<0.05) lower TAC (on day -7, day 0, day +7, +21 & +35), higher MDA (on day -21, -7 & on the day of calving) and NO (on day 0, +7 & day +35) concentrations compared to normal cows. Similarly, clinical endometritic cows had significantly (P<0.05) lower TAC (on day -7, 0, +7 & +21), higher MDA (on day -21, -7, +7 and +35) and NO (on day +7, +21 & +35) concentrations compared to normal cows. The expression of CAT and GPx4 genes was lower (P<0.05) and SOD2 gene was higher (P<0.05) in endometrial tissue of cows that developed uterine infection compared to normal cows. The relationship of peripheral levels of MDA and NO with antioxidant enzymes expression in endometrial tissue was found significant. Receiver operator characteristic analysis revealed that the concentrations of TAC on day -7 to day +35, MDA on day -21 to day +7 and NO on the day of calving to day +35 were highly correlated to the development of postpartum uterine infection in cows. It may be inferred that the low serum TAC level and high level of lipid peroxidation and NO during peripartum period influenced the endometrial expression of anitioxidative genes that compromised the uterine health during postpartum period.
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79
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Boby J, Kumar H, Gupta HP, Jan MH, Singh SK, Patra MK, Nandi S, Abraham A, Krishnaswamy N. Endometritis Increases Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Follicular Fluid and Cervico-vaginal Mucus in the Buffalo Cow. Anim Biotechnol 2016; 28:163-167. [DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2016.1244067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jones Boby
- Veterinary Officer, Remount Veterinary Corps, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harendra Kumar
- Animal Reproduction, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Harihar Prasad Gupta
- Animal Reproduction, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | | | - Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Animal Reproduction, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Manas Kumar Patra
- Animal Reproduction, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | | | - Asha Abraham
- College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Mannuthy, Mannuthy, India
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80
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Marini MG, Perrini C, Esposti P, Corradetti B, Bizzaro D, Riccaboni P, Fantinato E, Urbani G, Gelati G, Cremonesi F, Lange-Consiglio A. Effects of platelet-rich plasma in a model of bovine endometrial inflammation in vitro. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2016; 14:58. [PMID: 27619959 PMCID: PMC5020481 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-016-0195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometritis reduces fertility and is responsible for major economic losses in beef and dairy industries. The aim of this study was to evaluate an alternative therapy using platelet-rich plasma (PRP). PRP was tested in vivo, after bovine intrauterine administration, and in vitro on endometrial cells. METHODS Bovine endometrial cells were cultured until passage (P) 10 with 5 % or 10 % PRP. Effect of PRP on endometrial cell proliferation and on the expression of genes [prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX2), tumor protein p53 (TP53), oestrogen receptors (ER-α and ER-β), progesterone receptor (PR) and c-Myc] involved in the regulation of oestrus cycle and fetal-maternal interaction were evaluated. Moreover, to evaluate the ability of PRP to counteract inflammation, 10 and 100 ng/ml of bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used to inflame endometrial cells in vitro for 1, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. The expression of genes such as interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin-8 (IL-8), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX2/PTGS2), and the release of PGE-2, IL-1β and IL-8 were evaluated. RESULTS In vivo treatment with PRP increased the detection of PR. In vitro, 5 % PRP at passage 5 increased proliferation rate and induced a significant increase in the expression of all studied genes. Furthermore, the results revealed that 10 ng/ml of LPS is the most effective dose to obtain an inflammatory response, and that PRP treatment significantly down regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory genes. CONCLUSION This study lays the foundations for the potential treatment of endometritis with PRP in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Marini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Claudia Perrini
- Large Animal Hospital, Reproduction Unit, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Paola Esposti
- Large Animal Hospital, Reproduction Unit, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Bruna Corradetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Davide Bizzaro
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Pietro Riccaboni
- Large Animal Hospital, Anatomo-Pathology Unit, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Eleonora Fantinato
- Large Animal Hospital, Anatomo-Pathology Unit, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | | | | | - Fausto Cremonesi
- Large Animal Hospital, Reproduction Unit, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Anna Lange-Consiglio
- Large Animal Hospital, Reproduction Unit, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
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81
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Siemieniuch MJ, Szóstek AZ, Gajos K, Kozdrowski R, Nowak M, Okuda K. Type of Inflammation Differentially Affects Expression of Interleukin 1β and 6, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Toll-Like Receptors in Subclinical Endometritis in Mares. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154934. [PMID: 27152525 PMCID: PMC4859529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mares that fail to conceive or lose their embryos, without showing typical signs of clinical endometritis, should be suspected of subclinical endometritis (SE). In this study, the question was addressed: does SE fully activate selected mechanisms of innate immunity in mares? For this aim, expression of mRNAs for Toll-like Receptor 2 and 4 (TLR 2/4), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF) was examined in control mares versus either mares suffering from chronic endometritis (ChE) or subacute suppurative endometritis (SSE). The concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in supernatants from endometrial tissue cultures after 4 h incubation were measured using the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) method. Eighty-two warmblood mares, of known breeding history, were enrolled in this study. Based on histopathological assessment, mares were classified as suffering from ChE, SSE or as being healthy. In addition, immuno-localization of both TLR2 and TLR4 as well as TNF-α was investigated in the equine endometria. The mRNA expression of TLR2 (P < 0.01), IL-1β (P < 0.0001), IL-6 (P < 0.0001) and TLR4 and TNF (P < 0.05) was up-regulated in endometria of mares suffering from SSE compared with unaffected mares. Concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α were increased only in mares exhibiting SSE, compared with unaffected (P < 0.01 for both) and ChE mares (P < 0.05 for both). Immuno-localization of TNF-α and TLRs was confirmed, both in unaffected and SE-affected endometria, and was present in the luminal and glandular epithelia and stromal cells. The severity of inflammation impacts the immune response and fosters activation of innate immunity mechanisms, as observed in the endometria of mares. The intracellular localization of TLRs and TNF-α in the endometria indicates a key role of endometrial epithelial and stromal cells in the immune response and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta J Siemieniuch
- Dep. of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.,Graduate School of Environment and Life Science Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Anna Z Szóstek
- Dep. of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.,Graduate School of Environment and Life Science Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Roland Kozdrowski
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Nowak
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kiyoshi Okuda
- Graduate School of Environment and Life Science Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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82
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Changes in endometrial transcription of TLR2, TLR4, and CD14 during the first-week postpartum in dairy cows with retained placenta. Theriogenology 2016; 85:1282-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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83
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Turner ML, Cronin JG, Noleto PG, Sheldon IM. Glucose Availability and AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Link Energy Metabolism and Innate Immunity in the Bovine Endometrium. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151416. [PMID: 26974839 PMCID: PMC4790959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Defences against the bacteria that usually infect the endometrium of postpartum cattle are impaired when there is metabolic energy stress, leading to endometritis and infertility. The endometrial response to bacteria depends on innate immunity, with recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns stimulating inflammation, characterised by secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8. How metabolic stress impacts tissue responses to pathogens is unclear, but integration of energy metabolism and innate immunity means that stressing one system might affect the other. Here we tested the hypothesis that homeostatic pathways integrate energy metabolism and innate immunity in bovine endometrial tissue. Glucose deprivation reduced the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 from ex vivo organ cultures of bovine endometrium challenged with the pathogen-associated molecular patterns lipopolysaccharide and bacterial lipopeptide. Endometrial inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide were also reduced by small molecules that activate or inhibit the intracellular sensor of energy, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). However, inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin, which is a more global metabolic sensor than AMPK, had little effect on inflammation. Similarly, endometrial inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide were not affected by insulin-like growth factor-1, which is an endocrine regulator of metabolism. Interestingly, the inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide increased endometrial glucose consumption and induced the Warburg effect, which could exacerbate deficits in glucose availability in the tissue. In conclusion, metabolic energy stress perturbed inflammatory responses to pathogen-associated molecular patterns in bovine endometrial tissue, and the most fundamental regulators of cellular energy, glucose availability and AMPK, had the greatest impact on innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Turner
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - James G. Cronin
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo G. Noleto
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - I. Martin Sheldon
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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84
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Bromfield JJ, Santos JEP, Block J, Williams RS, Sheldon IM. PHYSIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: Uterine infection: linking infection and innate immunity with infertility in the high-producing dairy cow. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:2021-33. [PMID: 26020298 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine contamination with bacteria is ubiquitous in the postpartum dairy cow. Nearly one-half of all postpartum dairy cows develop clinical disease resulting in metritis and endometritis, which cause depressed milk production and infertility. The causative links between uterine infection and infertility include a hostile uterine environment, disrupted endocrine signaling, and perturbations in ovarian function and oocyte development. In this review we consider the various mechanisms linking uterine infection with infertility in the dairy cow, specifically 1) innate immune signaling in the endometrium, 2) alteration in endocrine signaling in response to infectious agents, and 3) impacts of infection on ovarian function, oocyte development, and follicular development. Normal ovarian follicular and oocyte development requires a series of temporally and spatially orchestrated events; however, several of the cellular pathways required for ovarian function are also used during the innate immune response to bacterial pathogens. We propose that activation of cellular pathways during this immune response has a negative impact on ovarian physiology, which is manifest as infertility detected after the clearance of the bacteria. This review highlights how new insights into infection and immunity in cattle are linked to infertility.
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85
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Manimaran A, Kumaresan A, Jeyakumar S, Mohanty TK, Sejian V, Kumar N, Sreela L, Prakash MA, Mooventhan P, Anantharaj A, Das DN. Potential of acute phase proteins as predictor of postpartum uterine infections during transition period and its regulatory mechanism in dairy cattle. Vet World 2016; 9:91-100. [PMID: 27051191 PMCID: PMC4819357 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.91-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the various systemic reactions against infection or injury, the acute phase response is the cascade of reaction and mostly coordinated by cytokines-mediated acute phase proteins (APPs) production. Since APPs are sensitive innate immune molecules, they are useful for early detection of inflammation in bovines and believed to be better discriminators than routine hematological parameters. Therefore, the possibility of using APPs as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of inflammation in major bovine health disorders including postpartum uterine infection has been explored by many workers. In this review, we discussed specifically importance of postpartum uterine infection, the role of energy balance in uterine infections and potential of APPs as a predictor of postpartum uterine infections during the transition period and its regulatory mechanism in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Manimaran
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - A Kumaresan
- Theriogenology Laboratory, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Jeyakumar
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - T K Mohanty
- Theriogenology Laboratory, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V Sejian
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - Narender Kumar
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - L Sreela
- ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, India
| | - M Arul Prakash
- ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, India
| | - P Mooventhan
- ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, India
| | - A Anantharaj
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - D N Das
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
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86
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Heppelmann M, Weinert M, Ulbrich SE, Brömmling A, Piechotta M, Merbach S, Schoon HA, Hoedemaker M, Bollwein H. The effect of puerperal uterine disease on histopathologic findings and mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines of the endometrium in dairy cows. Theriogenology 2015; 85:1348-56. [PMID: 26810831 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of puerperal uterine disease on histopathologic findings and gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the endometrium of postpuerperal dairy cows; 49 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows were divided into two groups, one without (UD-; n = 29) and one with uterine disease (UD+; n = 21), defined as retained fetal membranes and/or clinical metritis. General clinical examination, vaginoscopy, transrectal palpation, and transrectal B-mode sonography were conducted on days 8, 11, 18, and 25 and then every 10 days until Day 65 (Day 0 = day of calving). The first endometrial sampling (ES1; swab and biopsy) was done during estrus around Day 42 and the second endometrial sampling (ES2) during the estrus after synchronization (cloprostenol between days 55 and 60 and GnRH 2 days later). The prevalence of histopathologic evidence of endometritis, according to the categories used here, and positive bacteriologic cultures was not affected by group (P > 0.05), but cows with uterine disease had a higher prevalence of chronic purulent endometritis (ES1; P = 0.07) and angiosclerosis (ES2; P ≤ 0.05) than healthy cows. Endometrial gene expression of IL1α (ES2), IL1β (ES2), and TNFα (ES1 and ES2) was higher (P ≤ 0.05) in the UD+ group than in the UD- group. In conclusion, puerperal uterine disease had an effect on histopathologic parameters and on gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the endometrium of postpuerperal cows, indicating impaired clearance of uterine inflammation in cows with puerperal uterine disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Heppelmann
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
| | - M Weinert
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - S E Ulbrich
- Physiology Weihenstephan, Technical University Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - A Brömmling
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Piechotta
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Merbach
- Chemical and Veterinary Investigation Office Westphalia, Pathology and Bacteriology, Arnsberg, Germany
| | - H-A Schoon
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Hoedemaker
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - H Bollwein
- Department of Farm Animals, Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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87
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Carneiro LC, Cronin JG, Sheldon IM. Mechanisms linking bacterial infections of the bovine endometrium to disease and infertility. Reprod Biol 2015; 16:1-7. [PMID: 26952747 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections of the endometrium after parturition commonly cause metritis and endometritis in dairy cattle, and these diseases are important because they compromise animal welfare and incur economic costs, as well as delaying or preventing conception. Here we highlight that uterine infections cause infertility, discuss which bacteria cause uterine disease, and review the evidence for mechanisms of inflammation and tissue damage in the endometrium. Bacteria cultured from the uterus of diseased animals include Escherichia coli, Trueperella pyogenes, and several anaerobic species, but their causative role in disease is challenged by the discovery of many other bacteria in the uterine disease microbiome. Irrespective of the species of bacteria, endometrial cell inflammatory responses to infection initially depend on innate immunity, with Toll-like receptors binding pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as lipopolysaccharide and bacterial lipopeptides. In addition to tissue damage associated with parturition and inflammation, endometrial cell death is caused by a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin secreted by T. pyogenes, called pyolysin, which forms pores in plasma membranes of endometrial cells. However, endometrial cells surprisingly do not sense damage-associated molecular patterns, but a combination of infections followed by cell damage leads to release of the intracellular cytokine interleukin (IL)-1 alpha from endometrial cells, which then acts to scale inflammatory responses. To develop strategies to limit the impact of uterine disease on fertility, future work should focus on determining which bacteria and virulence factors cause endometritis, and understanding how the host response to infection is regulated in the endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Cunha Carneiro
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom; Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - James Graham Cronin
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Iain Martin Sheldon
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom.
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88
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Healey GD, Collier C, Griffin S, Schuberth HJ, Sandra O, Smith DG, Mahan S, Dieuzy-Labaye I, Sheldon IM. Mevalonate Biosynthesis Intermediates Are Key Regulators of Innate Immunity in Bovine Endometritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 196:823-31. [PMID: 26673142 PMCID: PMC4705593 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic changes can influence inflammatory responses to bacteria. To examine whether localized manipulation of the mevalonate pathway impacts innate immunity, we exploited a unique mucosal disease model, endometritis, where inflammation is a consequence of innate immunity. IL responses to pathogenic bacteria and LPS were modulated in bovine endometrial cell and organ cultures by small molecules that target the mevalonate pathway. Treatment with multiple statins, bisphosphonates, squalene synthase inhibitors, and small interfering RNA showed that inhibition of farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyl transferase (squalene synthase), but not 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase or farnesyl diphosphate synthase, reduced endometrial organ and cellular inflammatory responses to pathogenic bacteria and LPS. Although manipulation of the mevalonate pathway reduced cellular cholesterol, impacts on inflammation were independent of cholesterol concentration as cholesterol depletion using cyclodextrins did not alter inflammatory responses. Treatment with the isoprenoid mevalonate pathway-intermediates, farnesyl diphosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate, also reduced endometrial cellular inflammatory responses to LPS. These data imply that manipulating the mevalonate pathway regulates innate immunity within the endometrium, and that isoprenoids are regulatory molecules in this process, knowledge that could be exploited for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth D Healey
- Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom;
| | - Christine Collier
- Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Sholeem Griffin
- Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | | | - Olivier Sandra
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - David G Smith
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Moredun Research Institute, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - I Martin Sheldon
- Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
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89
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Loyi T, Kumar H, Nandi S, Patra MK. Expression of pathogen recognition receptors and pro-inflammatory cytokine transcripts in clinical and sub-clinical endometritis cows. Anim Biotechnol 2015; 26:194-200. [PMID: 25800269 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2014.987389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to examine the expression profile of pathogen recognition receptors (CD14 and toll-like receptor 4) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα) in endometrial tissue of cows with endometritis at different stages of estrous cycle. Genital tracts were collected from 60 cows at slaughter from the killing village. The genitalia were examined for clinical endometritis (CE) and subclinical endometritis (SCE) through physical examination, white side test of cervico-vaginal mucus, endometrial cytology and histopathology. The stage of estrous cycle for each genitalia was determined by visual examination of both the ovaries and classified as either follicular (F) or luteal (L). Depending on the degree of inflammation and stage of estrous cycle, the genitalia were categorized in four groups i.e., FCE, FSCE, LCE, and LSCE with six genitalia in each group. Furthermore, 12 healthy genitalia comprise of six each of follicular (FN) and luteal (LN) were included as control. Endometrial tissue scrapings were collected ex vivo from all the genitalia. Total RNA was extracted and cDNA was transcribed for each sample and relative quantification of mRNA of target genes was done by real-time PCR. The results revealed a significant up-regulation of CD14 (11 fold) and IL-8 (13 fold) in follicular stage and IL-6 (8 fold) and TNFα (29 fold) in luteal stages in SCE cows. However, the majority of pro-inflammatory cytokine and pathogen recognition receptors expressed at significant higher level in both follicular and luteal stages in cows with CE. Thus, it is concluded that the endometrial transcripts of pathogen recognition receptors and pro-inflammatory cytokines expressed differentially in cows with endometritis, whereas the fold change is dependent on the severity of inflammation and the stage of cyclicity. Therefore, endometrial transcript profile with a defined threshold level could be used as a possible diagnostic marker in cows with SCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tumnyak Loyi
- a Animal Reproduction Division , Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , Bareilly , India
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90
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Foley C, Chapwanya A, Callanan JJ, Whiston R, Miranda-CasoLuengo R, Lu J, Meijer WG, Lynn DJ, O' Farrelly C, Meade KG. Integrated analysis of the local and systemic changes preceding the development of post-partum cytological endometritis. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:811. [PMID: 26482908 PMCID: PMC4617749 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1967-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The regulation of endometrial inflammation has important consequences for the resumption of bovine fertility postpartum. All cows experience bacterial influx into the uterus after calving; however a significant proportion fail to clear infection leading to the development of cytological endometritis (CE) and compromised fertility. We hypothesised that early immunological changes could not only act as potential prognostic biomarkers for the subsequent development of disease but also shed light on the pathogenesis of endometritis in the postpartum dairy cow. METHODS Endometrial biopsy RNA was extracted from 15 cows at 7 and 21 days postpartum (DPP), using the Qiagen RNeasy(®) Plus Mini kit and quality determined using an Agilent 2100 bioanalyser. Disease status was determined by histpathology based on inflammatory cell infiltrate. RNA-seq of both mRNA and miRNA libraries were performed on an Illumina® HiSeq(™) 2000. Paired reads were aligned to the bovine genome with Bowtie2 and differentially expressed genes were identified using EdgeR. Significantly over-represented Gene Ontology terms were identified using GO-seq, and pathway analysis was performed using KEGG. Quanititative real-time PCR was also performed for validation (ABI 7500 fast). Haematology was assessed using an automated ADVIA 2120 analyser. Serum proteins were evaluated by ELISA and metabolite analysis was performed using a Beckman Coulter AU 400 clinical analyser. Terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) was used to obtain fingerprints of the microbial communities present. RESULTS Next-generation sequencing from endometrial biopsies taken at 7 DPP identified significant induction of inflammatory gene expression in all cows. Despite the common inflammatory profile and enrichment of the Toll-like receptor and NFκB pathways, 73 genes and 31 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed between healthy cows (HC, n = 9) and cows which subsequently developed CE at 7 DPP (n = 6, FDR < 0.1). While significant differential expression of 4197 genes in the transcriptome of healthy cows between 7 and 21 DPP showed the transition from a proinflammatory to tissue profliferation and repair, only 31 genes were differentially expressed in cows with CE (FDR < 0.1), indicating the arrest of such a transition. A link betwene the dysregulated inflammatory response and the composition of the uterine microbial communities was suggested by the presence of significant differences in uterine bacterial tRFLP profiles between HC and CE groups. Furthermore, inflammatory activity was not confined to the uterus; decreased circulating granulocytes and increased Acute Phase Protein (SAA and HP) expression levels were detected in plasma at 7 DPP in cows that developed CE. CONCLUSION Our data suggests that the IL1 and IL17 inflammatory cascade activated early postpartum is resolved thereby restoring homeostasis in healthy cows by 21 DPP, but this transition fails to occur in cows which develop CE. Despite a common early inflammatory profile, elevated and differential expression of specific immune genes may identify cows at risk of prolonged inflammation and the development of CE postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathriona Foley
- Animal & Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland.,Comparative Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Aspinas Chapwanya
- Ross University, School of Veterinary Medicine, St Kitts, P.O. Box 334, Basseterre, West Indies, Dominica
| | - John J Callanan
- Ross University, School of Veterinary Medicine, St Kitts, P.O. Box 334, Basseterre, West Indies, Dominica.,UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ronan Whiston
- Animal & Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland.,Comparative Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Raúl Miranda-CasoLuengo
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science and UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research. University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Junnan Lu
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science and UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research. University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Wim G Meijer
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science and UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research. University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David J Lynn
- Animal & Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland.,South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000, SA, Australia.,School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Flinders, 5042, SA, Australia
| | - Cliona O' Farrelly
- Comparative Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Kieran G Meade
- Animal & Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland.
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91
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Oguejiofor CF, Cheng Z, Abudureyimu A, Fouladi-Nashta AA, Wathes DC. Global transcriptomic profiling of bovine endometrial immune response in vitro. I. Effect of lipopolysaccharide on innate immunity. Biol Reprod 2015; 93:100. [PMID: 26353891 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.128868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of endometrial immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been implicated in uterine disease and infertility in the postpartum dairy cow, although the mechanisms are not clear. Here, we investigated whole-transcriptomic gene expression in primary cultures of mixed bovine epithelial and stromal endometrial cells. Cultures were exposed to LPS for 6 h, and cellular response was measured by bovine microarray. Approximately 30% of the 1006 genes altered by LPS were classified as being involved in immune response. Cytokines and chemokines (IL1A, CX3CL1, CXCL2, and CCL5), interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (RSAD2, MX2, OAS1, ISG15, and BST2), and the acute phase molecule SAA3 were the most up-regulated genes. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified up-regulation of many inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which function to attract immune cells to the endometrium, together with vascular adhesion molecules and matrix metalloproteinases, which can facilitate immune cell migration from the tissue toward the uterine lumen. Increased expression of many IFN-signaling genes, immunoproteasomes, guanylate-binding proteins, and genes involved in the intracellular recognition of pathogens suggests important roles for these molecules in the innate defense against bacterial infections. Our findings confirmed the important role of endometrial cells in uterine innate immunity, whereas the global approach used identified several novel immune response pathways triggered by LPS in the endometrium. Additionally, many genes involved in endometrial response to the conceptus in early pregnancy were also altered by LPS, suggesting one mechanism whereby an ongoing response to infection may interfere with the establishment of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chike F Oguejiofor
- Department of Production and Population Health, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Zhangrui Cheng
- Department of Production and Population Health, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Ayimuguli Abudureyimu
- Department of Production and Population Health, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ali A Fouladi-Nashta
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - D Claire Wathes
- Department of Production and Population Health, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
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92
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Hailemariam D, Ibrahim S, Hoelker M, Drillich M, Heuwieser W, Looft C, Cinar MU, Tholen E, Schellander K, Tesfaye D. MicroRNA-regulated molecular mechanism underlying bovine subclinical endometritis. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 26:898-913. [PMID: 23890539 DOI: 10.1071/rd13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An impaired uterine environment triggered by the incidence of subclinical endometritis often compromises fertility in the bovine. The uterus is a dynamic organ with tight regulation of specific genes at the transcriptional and translational levels. Herein, we hypothesised that subclinical endometritis alters the expression of uterine microRNAs (miRNAs), which may result in the dysregulation of corresponding target genes and biological pathways. To test this hypothesis, we used a genome-wide RT(2) (Exiqon, Vedbaek, Denmark) miRNA PCR array consisting of 354 miRNA primers and analysed miRNA expression in uterine cytobrush samples taken from cows with and without subclinical endometritis. The results revealed aberrant expression of 23 miRNAs in cows with subclinical endometritis compared with healthy cows. Furthermore, we designed an in vitro endometrial cell culture model challenged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to validate the differential regulation of miRNAs in cytobrush samples. Interestingly, we observed similar expression miRNA patterns in cytobrush samples taken from cows with or without subclinical endometritis and in vitro cultured endometrial cells challenged by LPS. To trace signalling pathways and biological functions potentially controlled by the aberrantly expressed miRNAs, we filtered high-ranking target genes from miRBase and analysed them using ingenuity pathway analysis. The gene networks, canonical pathways and biological functions strikingly converged to signalling pathways that mediate inflammatory responses, cellular proliferation, cell movement, the cell cycle and apoptosis in the bovine endometrium. In addition, expression analysis of key genes from the gene networks confirmed their presence and the potential regulation of these genes by uterine miRNAs. Furthermore, luciferase assay data substantiated the primary information from bioinformatic prediction that generated potential target genes for the dysregulated miRNAs in subclinical endometritis. Together, these data suggest the potential regulatory role of uterine miRNAs in the development and progression of bovine subclinical endometritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hailemariam
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - S Ibrahim
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Hoelker
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Drillich
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Herd Management in Ruminants, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - W Heuwieser
- Clinic for Reproduction, Section of Production Medicine and Quality Management, Free University of Berlin, Königsweg 63, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - C Looft
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M U Cinar
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - E Tholen
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - K Schellander
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - D Tesfaye
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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93
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Heppelmann M, Brömmling A, Ulbrich S, Weinert M, Piechotta M, Wrenzycki C, Merbach S, Schoon HA, Hoedemaker M, Bollwein H. Effect of suppression of postpartum ovulation on endometrial inflammation in dairy cows. Theriogenology 2015; 84:155-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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94
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Jana B, Czarzasta J, Jaroszewski J. Synthesis of leukotrienes in porcine uteri with endometritis induced by infection with Escherichia coli. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 26:1007-16. [PMID: 23924575 DOI: 10.1071/rd13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) are lipid mediators that play a significant role in the inflammatory process. Their production in inflamed uteri is not fully understood. The present experiment aimed to determine LTB4 and LTC4 amounts, 5-lipooxygenase (5-LO), LTA4 hydrolase (LTAH) and LTC4 synthase (LTCS) mRNA levels and protein expression in inflamed porcine uteri. On Day 3 of the oestrous cycle (Day 0 of the study), either Escherichia coli suspension or saline were infused into uterine horns. Collection of uterine tissues and washings took place eight or sixteen days later. In gilts suffering from endometritis increased LTB4 and LTC4 levels in the endometrium and washings and 5-LO mRNA levels in the myometrium on Days 8 and 16, 5-LO protein levels in the endometrium and myometrium on Day 8, LTAH mRNA and protein levels in the endometrium and myometrium on Days 8 and 16, respectively. Although LTCS mRNA and protein expression in the myometrium and LTCS protein expression in the endometrium were enhanced on Day 16 after Escherichia coli inoculation, LTCS mRNA levels decreased on Day 8 in both tissues. Our study shows the upregulation of LT production in inflamed porcine uteri, which suggests the importance of these factors to the process of uterine inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Jana
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Czarzasta
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jerzy Jaroszewski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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95
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Expression pattern of inflammatory response genes and their regulatory micrornas in bovine oviductal cells in response to lipopolysaccharide: implication for early embryonic development. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119388. [PMID: 25764515 PMCID: PMC4357424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we used an in vitro model to investigate the response of the oviduct with respect to inflammatory mediators and their regulatory microRNAs in case of bacterial infection and subsequent association with embryo survival. For this, we conducted two experiments. In the first experiment, cultured primary bovine oviductal cells (BOEC) were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24h and the temporal expression pattern of inflammatory mediators and their regulatory microRNAs were measured at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48h after LPS treatment. Intriguingly, the temporal patterns of all miRNAs except miR-21 were significantly up-regulated at 6h after LPS treatment. Whereas, we observed significant overexpression of pro-inflammatory mediators as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-1 beta (IL1β) after LPS challenge for 24h. On the other hand, the expression level of essential elements like oviductal glycoprotein 1 (OVGP1) and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) was significantly decreased in challenged groups compared with control. Moreover, miR-155, miR-146a, miR-223, miR-21, miR-16 and miR-215 have shown a clear suppression in challenged group after LPS treatment. In the 2nd experiment there were four groups of blastocysts produced, namely embryo+LPS free media, embryo+LPS, BOEC+embryo and BOEC+embryo+LPS. The suboptimal oviduct environment due to LPS challenge is found to have a significant influence on the expression of inflammatory response genes (TNFα and CSF1), stress response genes (SOD and CAT), mitochondrial activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and apoptotic level either in cultured or co-cultured blastocysts. Collectively, LPS challenge led to aberrant changes in oviductal transcriptome profile, which could lead to a suboptimal environment for embryo development.
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96
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Kiatprasert P, Deachapunya C, Benjanirat C, Poonyachoti S. Soy isoflavones improves endometrial barrier through tight junction gene expression. Reproduction 2015; 149:269-80. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Contamination with bacterial endotoxin causes the disruption of the tight junction (TJ) barrier. We investigated the ameliorative effect of dietary flavonoids genistein (Ge) and daidzein (Di) in normal or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced disruption of epithelial barrier function of the endometrium. Using the immortalized porcine glandular endometrial epithelial cells (PEG), transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and FITC-dextran flux (FD-4) across the monolayer were measured. The mRNA expression of TJ proteins, zona occludens-1 (ZO1), and claudin-1, -3, -4, -7 and -8 was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR for coinciding effect of Ge or Di occurred at the gene transcription level. The results revealed that Ge and Di altered the TER, depending on times and concentrations. Low concentration (10−10 M) of both compounds decreased the TER, whereas higher concentrations (10−8and 10−6 M) increased the TER which was not related to the FD-4 flux. The increased TER by Ge or Di was parallel to the induction ofclaudin-3and-4or-8mRNA expression respectively. With LPS inoculation, all isoflavone treatments inhibited the decreased TER induced by LPS, but only Ge (10−8or 10−6 M) or Di (10−10or 10−6 M) was coincidence with the decreased FD-4 flux. Under this LPS-stimulated condition, some or all examined TJ gene expressions appeared to be promoted by specific concentration of Ge or Di respectively. Our findings suggest that the soy isoflavones treatment could promote and restore the impaired endometrial barrier function caused by LPS contamination.
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97
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Sheldon IM. Genes and environmental factors that influence disease resistance to microbes in the female reproductive tract of dairy cattle. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 27:72-81. [DOI: 10.1071/rd14305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes commonly infect the female reproductive tract of cattle, causing infertility, abortion and post partum uterine diseases. When organisms reach the uterus, the resistance to disease depends on the balance between the classic triad of the virulence of the microbes, the host defence systems and the environment. The present review considers each aspect of this triad, using postpartum uterine disease as an exemplar for understanding disease resistance. The bacteria that cause postpartum uterine disease are adapted to the endometrium, and their microbial toxins cause tissue damage and inflammation. However, non-specific defence systems counter ascending infections of the female reproductive tract, and inflammatory responses in the endometrium are driven by innate immunity. Disease resistance to bacterial infection involves many genes involved in the maintenance or restoration of tissue homeostasis in the endometrium, including antimicrobial peptides, complement, cytokines, chemokines and Toll-like receptors. The most important environmental factors facilitating the development of postpartum uterine disease are related to trauma of the reproductive tract and to the metabolic stress of lactation in dairy cows. Long-term solutions for uterine disease will include genetic selection for disease resistance and optimising the care of the animal before, during and after parturition.
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Saut JPE, Healey GD, Borges AM, Sheldon IM. Ovarian steroids do not affect bovine endometrial cytokine or chemokine responses to Escherichia coli or LPS in vitro. Reproduction 2014; 148:593-606. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The risk of bacterial infection of the endometrium causing uterine disease in cattle is increased in the progesterone-dominated luteal phase of the ovarian cycle, while oestrogens or oestrus are therapeutic or protective against disease. The first line of defence against bacteria, such as Escherichia coli that cause inflammation of the endometrium, is the innate immune system, which recognises bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This study tested the hypothesis that cyclic variation in ovarian hormone concentrations alters innate immune responses within the bovine endometrium. Ex vivo organ cultures of endometrium, and in vitro cultures of endometrial epithelial and stromal cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), all mounted inflammatory responses to E. coli or LPS, with secretion of inflammatory mediators interleukin 1β (IL1β), IL6 and IL8, and increased expression of mRNA encoding IL1B, IL6, CXCL8 (IL8) and CCL5. However, these inflammatory responses, typical of innate immunity, were not affected by the stage of ovarian cycle in which the endometrium was collected for organ culture, or by exogenous oestradiol or progesterone. Although a dexamethasone-positive control reduced inflammation stimulated by E. coli or LPS, treatment with oestradiol or progesterone, or inhibitors of oestradiol or progesterone nuclear receptors, did not affect endometrial cell or PBMC secretion of IL1β, IL6 or IL8, or IL1B, IL6, CXCL8 and CCL5 gene expression. In conclusion, the stage of the oestrus cycle or ovarian steroids did not modulate the innate immune response in the bovine endometrium in vitro.
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Prunner I, Pothmann H, Wagener K, Giuliodori M, Huber J, Ehling-Schulz M, Drillich M. Dynamics of bacteriologic and cytologic changes in the uterus of postpartum dairy cows. Theriogenology 2014; 82:1316-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Cronin JG, Hodges R, Pedersen S, Sheldon IM. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for quantification of bovine interleukin-8 to study infection and immunity in the female genital tract. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 73:372-82. [PMID: 25427847 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The chemokine IL-8 recruits neutrophils to sites of infection, including the endometrium of the bovine uterus. However, quantification of bovine IL-8 often yields lower concentrations than for other species, which may reflect impaired innate immune responses by bovine cells or inaccurate measurement of IL-8 using the current human IL-8 ELISA method. METHOD OF STUDY An ELISA was developed and validated for detection of bovine IL-8. Utility of the assay was tested by measuring the response of bovine endometrium and cells to bacteria and pathogen-associated molecular patterns. RESULTS The developed ELISA detected 62.5-2000 pg/mL IL-8, with minimal cross-reactivity to other inflammatory mediators. Concentrations of bovine IL-8 were measured more accurately by the bovine than human IL-8 ELISA. Bovine endometrial IL-8 responses to pathogen-associated molecules were quantitatively similar to other species. CONCLUSION A bovine-specific IL-8 ELISA was developed, which accurately measured IL-8 secretion from endometrial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Cronin
- Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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