51
|
Association between overweight, obesity and incidence of advanced dental caries in South Korean adults: A 10-year nationwide population-based observational study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229572. [PMID: 32107502 PMCID: PMC7046206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between overweight, obesity and the incidence of advanced dental caries in South Korean adults, using alternate measures. The participants included 376,077 people aged 20 years and older who had health examination at least one time between 2005 and 2008. This evaluation is based on a change of body mass index (BMI) category, for 10 years, using a nationally representative data resource available from the National Health Insurance System. Instead of using decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT), the diagnostic codes which indicate dental caries, pulpal disease and visiting frequency at dental health professionals were used in this case. A multivariate adjusted Cox regression analysis was performed to examine the association between advanced dental caries and BMI. In addition to the BMI, a multivariate analysis of gender, age, lifestyle behaviors and systemic disease information was included. To this end, the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Chiefly, it is noted that the overweight and obese people were more likely to develop advanced dental caries independent of the noted variables. The positive association between high BMI and incidence of advanced dental caries was more prominent in the population's characteristic of people who were in a classification of the elderly and women. Among the health and lifecycle behaviors, smoking or not was found to be one of the factors affecting the results. The alternate method used in this study showed that being overweight and obesity had a direct association with the incidence of advanced dental caries in Korean adults.
Collapse
|
52
|
Silva MJ, Kilpatrick NM, Craig JM, Manton DJ, Leong P, Ho H, Saffery R, Burgner DP, Scurrah KJ. A twin study of body mass index and dental caries in childhood. Sci Rep 2020; 10:568. [PMID: 31953476 PMCID: PMC6969181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57435-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sub-optimal nutrition and dental caries are both common with significant short and long-term implications for child health and development. We applied twin statistical methods to explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and dental caries. We measured BMI at 18 months and six years of age and cumulative dental caries experience at six years in 344 twin children. Dental caries in primary teeth was categorised into ‘any’ or ‘advanced’ and BMI was analysed as both a continuous and categorical variable. Statistical analyses included multiple logistic regression using generalized estimating equations and within/between-pair analyses. There was no association between BMI and ‘any’ dental caries experience at either time-point, neither overall nor in within/between pair analyses. However, ‘advanced’ dental caries at six years was associated with a within-pair difference in BMI of −0.55 kg/m2 (95% CI −1.00, −0.11, p = 0.015). A within-pair increase of 1 kg/m2 in BMI was associated with a lower within-pair risk of advanced dental caries (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.52, 0.90, p = 0.007). These findings reveal a possible causal relationship between lower BMI and dental caries. As dental outcomes were only measured at one time point, the direction of this potentially causal relationship is unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Silva
- Facial Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia. .,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. .,Inflammatory Origins, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia. .,Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - N M Kilpatrick
- Facial Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J M Craig
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia.,Molecular Epidemiology, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - D J Manton
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Centrum voor Tandheelkunde en Mondzorgkunde, Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Leong
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Molecular Epidemiology, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - H Ho
- Facial Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - R Saffery
- Epigenetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - D P Burgner
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Inflammatory Origins, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Infectious Diseases, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - K J Scurrah
- Facial Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Sukumaran N, Sharma V, Bhat PK. Dental Caries, Body Mass Index, and Socioeconomic Status among Preschoolers in Private Preschools and Anganwadi Centers in Bengaluru City: A Comparative Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020; 13:630-634. [PMID: 33976487 PMCID: PMC8060947 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Preschool is the time when deleterious oral habits, caries pattern, and risk factor are established and is the time to intervene and establish healthy trends which can have a lifelong influence. Individuals living in various socioeconomic conditions have an assortment of hazard factors that impact oral well-being. This work was conducted to study the prevalence of dental caries, body mass index (BMI), and socioeconomic status (SES) among preschoolers in private preschools and Anganwadi centers within Bengaluru. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Anganwadis and preschools in Bengaluru city. About 800 students were selected by stratified cluster sampling technique. Written informed consent was obtained before the start of the study. Study proforma was used for the recording of sociodemographic details, anthropometric measurements, decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft), and decayed, missing and filled surfaces (dmfs) index scoring. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 22.0. Results The mean dmf (t) score in Anganwadi children was 1.60, whereas in private preschool children mean dmf (t) was 1.16. The mean dmf (s) score in Anganwadi children was 3.05, whereas in private preschool children mean dmf (s) was 1.76. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups with respect to dmf (s) score (p = 0.01). Conclusion It was found that there is an association between dental caries, BMI, and SES among Anganwadi children when a linear correlation was done. Clinical significance Dental caries can cause serious physical and mental problems in children which affects their quality of life. These problems have their root cause from childhood and are related to their BMI and SES. This can be prevented by giving proper health education and dietary advice to parents. How to cite this article Sukumaran N, Sharma V, Bhat PK. Dental Caries, Body Mass Index, and Socioeconomic Status among Preschoolers in Private Preschools and Anganwadi Centers in Bengaluru City: A Comparative Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(6):630–634.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neenu Sukumaran
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Vasudha Sharma
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, RajaRajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Padma K Bhat
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, RajaRajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
ARID J, ANTUNES LAA, KOCH LFDA, EVANGELISTA SS, VASCONCELOS KRF, BRANCHER JA, GABARDO MCL, MILANI AJ, DUTRA ALT, ANTUNES LS, VIEIRA AR, FELTRIN-SOUZA J, KÜCHLER EC. Association of taste receptor gene polymorphisms with dental caries. Braz Oral Res 2020; 34:e055. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
|
55
|
Madhusudhan KS, Khargekar N. Nutritional Status and its Relationship with Dental Caries among 3-6-year-old Anganwadi Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020; 13:6-10. [PMID: 32581470 PMCID: PMC7299890 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study is to determine dental caries status in 3-6-year-old malnourished children. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 500 children aged 3-6 years enrolled in anganwadi were selected for this study. The nutritional status was evaluated by anthropometric measurements such as body weight and height [body mass index (BMI)-for-age]. Dental caries status was recorded according to WHO criteria. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of underweight was 41% and prevalence of dental caries was 61%. CONCLUSION Low BMI-for-age is a risk factor for dental caries. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Inclusion of BMI-for-age calculation in routine case history pro forma helps in timely diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of children suffering from malnutrition. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE Madhusudhan KS, Khargekar N. Nutritional Status and its Relationship with Dental Caries among 3-6-year-old Anganwadi Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(1):6-10.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kempaiah S Madhusudhan
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nitin Khargekar
- Department of Orthodontics, Sri Venkateshwara Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Manohar N, Hayen A, Arora A. Obesity and dental caries in early childhood: a systematic review protocol. JBI Evid Synth 2020; 18:135-145. [PMID: 31385935 DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-d-19-00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this review are to examine whether overweight/obese children experience more dental caries compared with non-overweight/non-obese children, and to identify common risk factors associated with both conditions. INTRODUCTION Systematic reviews have shown that any evidence on a link between overweight and/or obesity and dental caries remains inconclusive. This relationship has not been assessed for children under six years of age with primary dentition. Therefore, an updated systematic review of this topic is necessary as its findings will be important for young children, clinicians, researchers and policy makers. INCLUSION CRITERIA Studies examining children under six years of age and with complete primary dentition at the time of dental caries assessment will be included. The exposure of interest is the overweight and/or obesity status of children under six years of age. The outcome is dental caries in children with complete primary dentition. There will be no restriction on setting, date or language. METHODS MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, PsycINFO, ProQuest Central, Scopus, CINAHL, and Google Scholar will be searched for eligible studies. The electronic database search will be supplemented by OpenGrey and Grey Literature Report databases, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, and the International Association for Dental Research conference websites. Two reviewers will independently screen and select studies, assess methodological quality and extract data. Meta-analysis will be performed, if possible, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Summary of Findings presented. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO CRD42018085292.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narendar Manohar
- Campbelltown Campus, School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Andrew Hayen
- Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Amit Arora
- Campbelltown Campus, School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead, Australia
- Oral Health Services, Sydney Local Health District and Sydney Dental Hospital, Surry Hills, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Esan TA, Schepartz LA. Does nutrition have an effect on the timing of tooth formation? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 171:470-480. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Temitope A. Esan
- Faculty of DentistryObafemi Awolowo University Ile‐Ife Nigeria
- Human Variation and Identification Unit, School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Lynne A. Schepartz
- Human Variation and Identification Unit, School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
- University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Physical Anthropology and Mediterranean Sections Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Cheng YH, Liao Y, Chen DY, Wang Y, Wu Y. Prevalence of dental caries and its association with body mass index among school-age children in Shenzhen, China. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:270. [PMID: 31801492 PMCID: PMC6894248 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0950-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dental caries and overweight/obesity are health problems with shared risk factors, but the relationships between caries and BMI need to be further explored. The objective was to evaluate the current status of dental caries and the association between dental caries and Body Mass Index (BMI) among primary and secondary school students in Shenzhen, China, during the 2016–2017 academic year. Methods A population-based, cross-sectional study that enrolled a total of 1,196,004 students was conducted in Shenzhen. Physical and dental examinations were given to all primary and secondary school students by certified physicians and dentists following the national specification for student health examinations, and dental caries was diagnosed using WHO criteria. Descriptive analysis was applied to assess current oral health status and a multifactorial, logistic regression model was employed to evaluate the relationship between dental caries and obesity. Results A total of 1,196,004 students participated in the census. Mean age of the participants was 10.3 years, ranging from 6 to 20 years. The prevalence of dental caries was 41.15% in the present study, which was higher among girls (42.88%) than that in boys (39.77%) with a p-value of < 0.001. Students in public schools showed a significantly lower (p < 0.001) caries prevalence (37.36%) compared with those in private schools (47.96%). The caries restoration rate of students in Shenzhen was only 10.30%, which means only one out of ten students with caries received restorations. The mean dmft and DMFT scores were 0.97 and 0.33, respectively. More girls (10.96%) had their teeth filled than boys (9.78%). The restoration rate was higher (p < 0.001) in public schools (11.73%) than in private ones (8.35%). Children who were overweight or obese had a lower risk of experiencing caries compared to those who were within a normal weight (OR = 0.74/0.64). Caries was inversely associated with BMI among primary and secondary school students in Shenzhen. Conclusions The prevalence of dental caries among primary and secondary school children was found to be related to sex, type of schools, region, and BMI. Further studies and more government support are required to confirm the findings of this study and to address current oral health problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hong Cheng
- Wuhan University, School of Stomatology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Liao
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ding-Yan Chen
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Alshehri YFA, Park JS, Kruger E, Tennant M. Association between body mass index and dental caries in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Systematic review. Saudi Dent J 2019; 32:171-180. [PMID: 32405220 PMCID: PMC7211900 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has one of the highest prevalence of both obesity and dental caries. To date, there has not been any documented evidence linking these two factors. Therefore, the objective was to conduct a systematic review of published studies that have analysed the association between body mass index and dental caries in the KSA for both children and adults. Methods A systematic database search [PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL and Cochrane Library] was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The inclusion criteria were observational studies, with no limit on the publication date. Search terms included: dental caries, obesity, overweight, body mass index, BMI 'AND' Saudi Arabia. The independent variable was body mass index (BMI), and the primary outcome measure was dental caries prevalence and severity. Results From 951 search results, 935 citations were identified and excluded. Of the 16 potentially eligible studies, two citations were excluded, because the studies did not meet the inclusion criteria. This left fourteen studies meeting the criteria to be included in this systematic review. Ten studies outlined children, and four studies assessed adults. For children, two studies resulted in a positive association between high BMI and caries, six studies resulted in a negative association, and two studies had a non-significant association. For adults, two studies resulted in a positive association between high BMI and dental caries, and two studies had a non-significant association. These were rated as having low to moderate risk of bias. Conclusion As a result of this equivocal outcome within the systematic review, body mass index and dental caries present as a complex association. Further long-term studies are required to translate the findings into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Faraj Amer Alshehri
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joon Soo Park
- International Research Collaborative, Oral Health and Equity, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- Corresponding author at: International Research Collaborative – Oral Health and Equity, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009 WA, Australia.
| | - Estie Kruger
- International Research Collaborative, Oral Health and Equity, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Marc Tennant
- International Research Collaborative, Oral Health and Equity, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Folayan MO, Arije O, El Tantawi M, Kolawole KA, Obiyan M, Arowolo O, Oziegbe EO. Association between early childhood caries and malnutrition in a sub-urban population in Nigeria. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:433. [PMID: 31722683 PMCID: PMC6852898 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To determine the association between malnutrition and early childhood caries (ECC) in children resident in sub-urban, Nigeria. Methods This study was a subset of a larger cross-sectional study the data of which was generated through a household survey conducted in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The study’s explanatory variable was malnutrition (underweight, overweight, wasting and stunting) and the outcome variable was ECC. Poisson regression analysis was used to determine the association between ECC and malnutrition. Variables (sex, frequency of sugar consumption, maternal knowledge of oral hygiene, oral hygiene status) associated with ECC in the primary study were adjusted for to obtain the adjusted prevalence ratio (APR). Results Of the 370 children, 20 (5.41%) were underweight, 20 (5.41%) were overweight, 67 (18.11%) were wasting, 120 (32.43%) were stunted and 18 (4.86%) had ECC. Factors associated with ECC were being stunted, underweight, overweight and fair oral hygiene. The prevalence of ECC was lower in children who were stunted (APR: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.03–0.69; p = 0.02), almost seven times higher in children who were overweight (APR: 6.88; 95% CI: 1.83–25.85; p < 0.001), and predictively absent in children who were underweight (APR: 0; 95% CI: 0–0; p < 0.001) when compared with children who had normal weight. Non-significant risk indicators for ECC included consuming sugar between meals three times a day or more, having low socioeconomic status and being female. Conclusions For this study population, the indicators of malnutrition – being stunted, underweight, overweight - and fair oral hygiene were risk indicators for ECC. The frequency of sugar consumption was not a significant risk indicator when malnutrition was included as an explanatory variable for ECC in the study population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Olujide Arije
- Institute of Public Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mary Obiyan
- Department of Demography and Statistics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Olaniyi Arowolo
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth O Oziegbe
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Amiri S, Rahmani M, Veissi M, Saleki M, Haghighizadeh M. The Relationship Between DMFT with Dietary Habits and Body Mass Index in
4–6 YearOld Kindergarten Children in Ahvaz. NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCES RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.29252/nfsr.6.4.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
|
62
|
Sundell AL, Nilsson AK, Marcusson A, Törnhage CJ. Body Mass Index and Association With Caries in School-Aged Children With Orofacial Cleft: A Case-Control Study. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2019; 57:169-176. [PMID: 31450975 DOI: 10.1177/1055665619868862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Data on the association between body mass index (BMI) and dental caries in children with orofacial clefts are sparse. Therefore, studies on the impact of BMI on caries frequency in children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) are of importance. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between BMI and frequency of dental caries in children with and without CL/P. Height, weight, and BMI in children with CL/P were also compared to controls. DESIGN This study used a cross-sectional case-control design. PARTICIPANTS One hundred and thirty-nine 5- and 10-year-old children with CL/P and 299 age-matched controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Caries was recorded according to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System. Height and weight were recorded, and BMI was calculated as weight/height2. RESULTS There was no correlation between BMI and caries frequency. Weight, height, and BMI were significantly lower in all children with CL/P compared to controls. After adjustment for international adoption, only BMI was significantly lower in CL/P children compared to controls. Non-adopted children with CL/P were significantly heavier and longer than adopted children with CL/P. CONCLUSIONS Five- and 10-year-old children with corrected CL/P seemed to have a lower BMI than controls, but there was no association between BMI and caries frequency. Internationally adopted children with CL/P were lighter and shorter than non-adopted CL/P children and controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lena Sundell
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education, Jönköping, Sweden
| | | | - Agneta Marcusson
- Department of Dentofacial Orthopedics, Maxillofacial Unit, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Törnhage
- Department of Pediatrics, Skaraborg Hospital, Skövde, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Ravelomantsoa JJ, Razanamihaja N, Rajabo R, Randrianarivony J. [Relation between body mass index and dental caries among adolescents]. SANTE PUBLIQUE 2019; 31:243-250. [PMID: 33305928 DOI: 10.3917/spub.192.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and dental caries are both multifactorial diseases. Their prevalence is increasing among infants and adolescents. Research results on the association between dental caries and obesity are contradictory and the nature of factors involved remains unclear. The aims were to review and summarize the type of the relation between dental caries and obesity among infants and adolescents aged 8 to 18 years old and to identify factors contributing to the clarification of the relationship. METHOD Research of literature was undertaken on electronically databases Scholar Google, Medline, completed by manual searches from reference lists of studies. Review was based on cross sectional studies published between 2010 and 2015. RESULTS The results showed that dental caries were associated with high and low body mass index. In addition to the socio-economic, environmental, behavioural, lifestyle factors, the review identified that the choice of instruments used to diagnose the dental caries and the obesity had impact on the results. CONCLUSION The present review has identified the impact of the indicators used for measuring obesity and dental caries other than the standard BMI or DMFT respectively. Future research should test if their use will change the conclusions on the association between obesity and dental caries.
Collapse
|
64
|
Lock NC, Susin C, Brusius CD, Maltz M, Alves LS. Obesity and dental caries among South Brazilian schoolchildren: a 2.5-year longitudinal study. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e056. [PMID: 31271568 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the association between weight status and ΔDMFS among 12-year-old schoolchildren from South Brazil. A total of 801 12-year-old schoolchildren were followed-up for 2.5 ± 0.3 years. Data collection included questionnaire, recording of anthropometric measures (height and weight), and caries examination. The outcome was the difference between DMFS (number of decayed, missing or filled surfaces) at follow-up and baseline (ΔDMFS). Weight status, based on body mass index-for-age Z-scores, was considered the main predictor variable. Negative binomial regression models were used to model the association, and rate ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated. A multivariable fractional polynomial model was used to further explore the relationship between obesity and dental caries. DMFS increased by 0.86 (95%CI = 0.65-1.07), 0.91 (95%CI = 0.59-1.23), and 0.42 (95%CI = 0.03-0.80) for normal weight, overweight, and obese schoolchildren, respectively. Obese adolescents had significantly lower ΔDMFS than normal weight ones (p < 0.05). No significant association between categories of weight status and ΔDMFS was found (overweight, IRR=0.92, 95%CI = 0.69-1.21, p = 0.54; obese IRR = 0.75, 95%CI = 0.51-1.12, p = 0.16). However, the multivariable fractional polynomial model showed an inverted U shaped relationship with a decreasing ΔDMFS with increasing BMI (p < 0.05). This population-based longitudinal study showed an inverse association between obesity and ΔDMFS over a 2.5-year period among South Brazilian adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicássia Cioquetta Lock
- Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Susin
- University of North Carolina, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carolina Doege Brusius
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Odontology, Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marisa Maltz
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Odontology, Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luana Severo Alves
- Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Griffiths LJ, Cortina‐Borja M, Bandyopadhyay A, Tingay K, De Stavola BL, Bedford H, Akbari A, Firman N, Lyons RA, Dezateux C. Are children with clinical obesity at increased risk of inpatient hospital admissions? An analysis using linked electronic health records in the UK millennium cohort study. Pediatr Obes 2019; 14:e12505. [PMID: 30659777 PMCID: PMC6563186 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined health service utilization of children with overweight or obesity by using linked electronic health records (EHRs). OBJECTIVE/METHODS We analysed EHRs from 3269 children (1678 boys; 51.3% [weighted]) participating in the Millennium Cohort Study, living in Wales or Scotland at age seven whose parents consented to record linkage. We used height and weight measurements at age five to categorize children as obese (>98th centile) or overweight (>91st centile) (UK1990 clinical reference standards) and linked to hospital admissions, up to age 14 years, in the Patient Episode Database for Wales and Scottish Morbidity Records. Negative binomial regression models compared rates of inpatient admissions by weight status at age five. RESULTS At age five, 11.5% and 6.7% of children were overweight or obese, respectively; 1221 (38%) children were subsequently admitted to hospital at least once. Admissions were not increased among children with overweight or obesity (adjusted rate ratio [RR], 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87, 0.68-1.10 and 1.16, 0.87-1.54, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In this nationally representative cohort of children in Wales and Scotland, those with overweight or obesity at entry to primary school did not have increased rates of hospital admissions in later childhood and early adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy J. Griffiths
- Health Data Research UK, Wales and Northern IrelandSwansea University Medical SchoolSwanseaUK
- Life Course Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Mario Cortina‐Borja
- Clinical Epidemiology, Nutrition and BiostatisticsUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Amrita Bandyopadhyay
- National Centre for Population Health and Wellbeing ResearchSwansea University Medical SchoolSwanseaUK
| | - Karen Tingay
- Administrative Data Research Centre WalesSwansea University Medical SchoolSwanseaUK
| | - Bianca L. De Stavola
- Clinical Epidemiology, Nutrition and BiostatisticsUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Helen Bedford
- Life Course Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Ashley Akbari
- Health Data Research UK, Wales and Northern IrelandSwansea University Medical SchoolSwanseaUK
- Administrative Data Research Centre WalesSwansea University Medical SchoolSwanseaUK
| | - Nicola Firman
- Life Course Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Barts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Ronan A. Lyons
- Health Data Research UK, Wales and Northern IrelandSwansea University Medical SchoolSwanseaUK
- National Centre for Population Health and Wellbeing ResearchSwansea University Medical SchoolSwanseaUK
| | - Carol Dezateux
- Life Course Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Barts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
- Health Data Research UK LondonQueen Mary University LondonLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Carson SJ. No consistent association found between dental caries and body mass index in children. Evid Based Dent 2019; 19:38-39. [PMID: 29930361 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ebd.6401299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and reference lists of identified studies.Study selectionObservational studies comparing dental caries and body mass index (BMI) where BMI was clearly defined were considered.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers independently abstracted data using standard forms with study quality being assessed using a modified version of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) methodology checklist for cross-sectional studies. The weighted mean differences and corresponding 95% confidence intervals for dental caries between children with abnormal weight and those with normal weight were analysed.ResultsFourteen cross-sectional studies including 43,860 children (boys: 23,299; girls: 20,561) were included. Only two studies were considered to be of high quality, eight of medium quality and four of low quality. Four main patterns of associations between dental caries and BMI were found: five studies showed no association, five studies found a positive association, three an inverse association and one found a U-shaped pattern, which meant that the deft score was significantly higher in underweight children and there was a higher DMFT score in overweight and obese children.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis showed no differences in dental caries between underweight and normal weight children. Further studies are recommended using suitable sample sizes, to unify the criteria for BMI categorisation and the dental caries index, and investigate the confounding factors that might influence dental caries and BMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Carson
- Clinical Lecturer, Honorary Specialty Registrar in Dental Public Health, Dundee Dental Hospital and School, Dundee, Scotland
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Karki S, Päkkilä J, Ryhänen T, Laitala ML, Humagain M, Ojaniemi M, Anttonen V. Body mass index and dental caries experience in Nepalese schoolchildren. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2019; 47:346-357. [PMID: 31094008 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to investigate the severity of untreated dental caries among Nepalese schoolchildren and its association with their body mass index (BMI) using IOTF, WHO and Nepalese growth reference systems. METHODS This school-based clinical cross-sectional study was conducted with three WHO index age groups (5- to 6-, 12- and 15-year-olds) in 18 out of 75 districts of Nepal, selected using stratified random sampling. A total of 1135 schoolchildren were included in the study. A validated structured questionnaire was used to assess the children's oral hygiene practices and dietary habits. Clinical oral examinations investigated the status of untreated dental caries in primary and permanent teeth (dt/DT) along with its consequences (pufa/PUFA). Later, the grade of severity of untreated dental caries (GUDC) was determined using both dt/DT and pufa/PUFA. Height (cm), weight (kg), waist circumference (cm) and hip circumference (cm) were measured, and the body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. The findings were presented as proportions, and the chi-square test was performed to compare differences between groups. Generalized linear mixed models with random effects assessed the association between the severity of untreated dental caries and the BMI. RESULTS According to the IOTF, WHO and Nepalese growth reference systems, the overall proportions of children with a low BMI were 38.6%, 15.4% and 12.8%, and those with a high BMI were 7.9%, 4.6% and 8.4%, respectively. Untreated dental caries was common among the youngest age group and those with infrequent tooth brushing habits or frequent consumption of sweet bakery products, sweets or candy, or tea with sugar. Neither a low nor a high BMI was associated either with dt + DT or with pufa + PUFA, after adjusting for confounders. However, both a low and a high BMI (all three references) were associated with the severity of dental caries or GUDC. CONCLUSION Regardless of the growth reference system used, children with either low or high BMI may be at risk of developing untreated dental caries lesions and related consequences. Both underweight and overweight/obese and dental caries share common risk factors, mostly dietary. Preventive and intervention approaches/strategies such as behavioural and dietary modifications should be implemented to improve both children's oral health and their nutrition in Nepal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saujanya Karki
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,School of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Jari Päkkilä
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tapio Ryhänen
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Manoj Humagain
- School of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Marja Ojaniemi
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Children and Adolescents, PEDEGO Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vuokko Anttonen
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Alshihri AA, Rogers HJ, Alqahtani MA, Aldossary MS. Association between Dental Caries and Obesity in Children and Young People: A Narrative Review. Int J Dent 2019; 2019:9105759. [PMID: 31191654 PMCID: PMC6525928 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9105759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the association between obesity and dental caries in children and adolescents. Furthermore, to consider the possible reasons behind this relationship. METHODS A database search for papers published between January 2015 and May 2018, inclusive, addressing the association between obesity and dental caries was conducted. A review and critical appraisal of all included studies was performed. RESULTS Twenty-six studies were included in this review from different populations worldwide. Eight studies assessed the primary dentition, nine studies were conducted on permanent dentition, and remaining nine studies on both dentitions. The results regarding the association between obesity and dental caries were conflicting and inconsistent. Nine studies concluded that there was no relationship between obesity and dental caries. A positive association was reported in five studies, while the inverse association was reported in eleven studies. Studies included in this review had significant variations in methodology and the investigated cofactors. Possible explanations of the controversial association between obesity and dental caries are discussed in this review. CONCLUSION Both obesity and dental caries are multifactorial diseases, and their association is far more complex that can be explained by a single common risk factor, presenting evidence for the complexity of this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmonem A. Alshihri
- Department of Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Helen J. Rogers
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mohammed A. Alqahtani
- Department of Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S. Aldossary
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Paisi M, Kay E, Bennett C, Kaimi I, Witton R, Nelder R, Lapthorne D. Body mass index and dental caries in young people: a systematic review. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:122. [PMID: 31014292 PMCID: PMC6480798 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and caries in young people are issues of public health concern. Even though research into the relationship between the two conditions has been conducted for many years, to date the results remain equivocal. The aim of this paper was to determine the nature of the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and caries in children and adolescents, by conducting a systematic review of the published literature. METHODS A systematic search of studies examining the association between BMI and caries in individuals younger than 18 years old was conducted. The electronic bibliographic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL and Google Scholar were searched. References of included studies were checked to identify further potential studies. Internal and external validity as well as reporting quality were assessed using the validated Methodological Evaluation of Observational Research checklist. Results were stratified based on the risk of flaws in 14 domains 10 of which were considered major and four minor. RESULTS Of the 4208 initially identified studies, 84 papers met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review; conclusions were mainly drawn from 7 studies at lower risk of flaws. Three main types of association between BMI and caries were found: 26 studies showed a positive relationship, 19 showed a negative association, and 43 found no association between the variables of interest. Some studies showed more than one pattern of association. Assessment of confounders was the domain most commonly found to be flawed, followed by sampling and research specific bias. Among the seven studies which were found to be at lower risk of being flawed, five found no association between BMI and caries and two showed a positive association between these two variables. CONCLUSIONS Evidence of an association between BMI and caries was inconsistent. Based on the studies with a low risk lower risk of being flawed, a positive association between the variables of interest was found mainly in older children. In younger children, the evidence was equivocal. Longitudinal studies examining the association between different indicators of obesity and caries over the life course will help shed light in their complex relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martha Paisi
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Peninsula Dental School, room C507, Portland Square, Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA UK
| | - Elizabeth Kay
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Peninsula Dental School, room C507, Portland Square, Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA UK
| | - Cathy Bennett
- Office of Research and Innovation, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Irene Kaimi
- School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA UK
| | - Robert Witton
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Peninsula Dental School, room C507, Portland Square, Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA UK
| | - Robert Nelder
- Office of the Director of Public Health, Plymouth City Council, Plymouth, PL6 5UF UK
| | - Debra Lapthorne
- Public Health England, South West, Follaton House, Plymouth Road, Totnes, Devon TQ9 5NE UK
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Nicksic NE, Massie AW, Byrd-Williams CE, Kelder SH, Sharma SV, Butte NF, Hoelscher DM. Dietary Intake, Attitudes toward Healthy Food, and Dental Pain in Low-Income Youth. JDR Clin Trans Res 2019; 3:279-287. [PMID: 30938601 DOI: 10.1177/2380084418774039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have examined the relation between food consumption and related attitudes and dental pain among children. The objective of this study is to examine the associations of healthy and unhealthy food items, attitudes toward healthy food, and self-efficacy of eating healthy with dental pain among children. A cross-sectional analysis was performed using child survey data from the Texas Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (TX CORD) project. Fifth-grade students ( n = 1,020) attending 33 elementary schools in Austin and Houston, Texas, completed the TX CORD Child Survey, a reliable and valid survey instrument focused on nutrition and physical activity behaviors. All nutrition questions ask about the number of times food and beverage items were consumed on the previous day. Dental pain was reported as mouth or tooth pain in the past 2 wk that made their mouth hurt so much that they could not sleep at night. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to test the association between 10 unhealthy food items, 9 healthy food items, 2 health attitudes, and self-efficacy with dental pain. All models controlled for sociodemographic variables. In total, 99 (9.7%) students reported dental pain. Dental pain was associated with intake of the following unhealthy items: soda, fruit juice, diet soda, frozen desserts, sweet rolls, candy, white rice/pasta, starchy vegetables, French fries/chips, and cereal (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.27-1.81, P < 0.01). The intake of other vegetables (AOR, 1.56; P < 0.01), a healthy item, and the attitude that healthy food tastes good (AOR, 1.59; P = 0.04) were also positively associated with dental pain. The attitude of eating healthier leads to fewer health problems (AOR, 0.50) and self-efficacy for healthy eating (AOR, 0.44) were negatively associated with dental pain ( P < 0.01). Interventions should focus on improving oral health by reducing intake of unhealthy foods and educating children and families on the importance of diet as a means of reducing dental caries. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study can be used to inform researchers on potential food items and psychosocial measures to examine in low-income, minority populations for longitudinal research. These results would also be useful to educators who could incorporate oral health care and nutrition education into school curriculums.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N E Nicksic
- 1 University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - A W Massie
- 2 Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - C E Byrd-Williams
- 2 Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - S H Kelder
- 2 Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - S V Sharma
- 3 Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - N F Butte
- 4 USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D M Hoelscher
- 2 Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Goodarzi A, Heidarnia A, Tavafian SS, Eslami M. Association between Dental Caries and Body Mass Index-for-Age among 10-12-Year-Old Female Students in Tehran. Int J Prev Med 2019; 10:28. [PMID: 30967914 PMCID: PMC6425762 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_528_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Dental caries and obesity are multifactorial diseases with diet being a common contributory factor. Many studies have reported varied outcomes about the association between dental caries and body mass index. But, there is no published study that investigates this association among female students in Tehran. The main aim of this study was to examine the relationship between dental caries and body mass index (BMI) in a sample of female students in Tehran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 416 students aged between 10 to 12 years was examined for dental caries using WHO standard diagnostic criteria. The Decayed, missing and filled of permanent teeth (DMFT) were recorded. The student's weight and height were measured by two trained examiner and their BMI were calculated. BMI-for-age and dental caries categories were analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient, Chi-square, and t-tests using SPSS computer software. Results: The mean DMFT score and BMI of the study population was 1.03 ± 1.41 and 18.11 ± 3.33 respectively. The findings showed that 58.9% of the children had a normal weight, 27.9% were overweight, 10.3% were obese, and only 2.9% of the students were thin when they were compared with WHO standard of BMI for children with the same age. The respective mean DMFT values for BMI groups (thin, normal, overweight and obese) were 1.25, 0.73, 1.42, and 1.65, respectively. There was a significant association (P < 0.05) between dental caries and high BMI. Conclusions: This study demonstrated a significant association between caries frequency with high body mass index. For these reasons, the evaluation of nutritional status in students should be implemented in control programs for dental caries both on the community, schools, and individual levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azam Goodarzi
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Heidarnia
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Sadat Tavafian
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Eslami
- Department of Population Health, Family and Schools Office, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Tschammler C, Simon A, Brockmann K, Röbl M, Wiegand A. Erosive tooth wear and caries experience in children and adolescents with obesity. J Dent 2019; 83:77-86. [PMID: 30825568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE A large consumption of fermentable carbohydrates, for instance the high intake of sweetened beverages, is an important risk factor for overweight and obesity. As lemonades and fruit juices present high sugar content and quite low pH-values, overweight and obese children might also have an increased risk for dental caries and erosive tooth wear. OBJECTIVES The aim was to analyze the prevalence and severity of erosive tooth wear and caries experience in children and adolescents with overweight, obesity and extreme obesity compared to children with normal weight and to determine a possible association between erosive tooth wear and caries experience. METHODS 223 children (4-17 years, n = 1476 primary and n = 4110 permanent teeth) were examined using standardized dental indices (BEWE, ICDAS, DMFT). Demographic and socio-economic data, eating habits, oral hygiene, fluoride supply and details of medical history were obtained from a questionnaire. Weight classification was based on age- and gender-specific relative body mass indices (BMI). Statistical analyses were done by Chi2-tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests, logistic and linear regressions. To determine a possible association between erosive tooth wear and caries experience Chi2-tests (prevalence to prevalence) and Spearman correlations (severity to severity) were performed (p < 0.05). RESULTS Erosive tooth wear and caries experience in primary and permanent teeth were significantly increased in children with obesity and extreme obesity compared to normal weight children (p < 0.05). Higher BMI, age, gender, and the consumption of erosive snacks/beverages were identified as statistically significant risk factors for erosive tooth wear. Higher BMI, age, socio-economic factors, poor toothbrushing habits, and consumption of cariogenic beverages were identified as significant caries risk factors. Erosive tooth wear and caries showed a weak correlation in children with (extreme) obesity (Φ = 0.110 to 0.248). CONCLUSIONS Higher BMI of children and adolescents is significantly associated with a higher risk for erosive tooth wear and caries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tschammler
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Simon
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Knut Brockmann
- Interdisciplinary Pediatric Center for Children with Developmental Disabilities and Severe Chronic Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Röbl
- Interdisciplinary Pediatric Center for Children with Developmental Disabilities and Severe Chronic Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annette Wiegand
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Rando‐Meirelles MPM, Sousa MLR, Vale GC, Lages VA, Vásquez PP, Jimenez P, Villena RS, Alvarez‐Paucar MA. Oral health and obesity in the SAYCARE study: reliability and internal validity of diagnostic methods. Obes Sci Pract 2019; 5:59-67. [PMID: 30820330 PMCID: PMC6381302 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this pilot study was to address the reliability, internal validity and viability of oral health methods used in the South American Youth/Child cARdiovascular and Environmental study. METHODS South American Youth/Child cARdiovascular and Environmental study was a multicentre feasibility observational study and conducted in seven South American cities. The training sessions were performed in two steps before data collection: the first verified the inter-rater reproducibility between the examiners of the six centres in relation to the gold standard, and the second one verified the inter-rater reproducibility between the examiners at each centre in relation to the main rater. The diagnostic methods used were International Caries Detection and Assessment System II and Pulpal Involvement, Ulceration, Fistula and Abscess for dental caries and Periodontal Screening and Recording and Index Plaque for periodontal disease. Anthropometric variables were measured and used to calculate the body mass index and were classified according to the cut-off points defined by the International Obesity Task Force. Cohen's kappa coefficient and proportions of agreement were calculated to report inter-rater and intra-rater reliability in the calibration process and pilot study. RESULTS The inter-rater weight kappa ranged from 0.78 to 0.88 and proportion of agreement from 96.07% to 98.10% for the International Caries Detection and Assessment System II and for the Periodontal Screening and Recording, 0.68 to 0.95 and 94.40% to 98.33%, respectively, in the calibration process. At the pilot study, a total of 490 children (40.8% overweight and 12.9% obese) and 364 adolescents (23.4% overweight and 4.3% obese) were examined. The prevalence of dental caries was 66% in children and 78% in adolescents, and gingival bleeding was 49% and 58.20%, respectively. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated good reliability and internal validity after the examiners were trained, as well as the feasibility of using the methods chosen for this multicentre study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. P. M. Rando‐Meirelles
- Community Dental Health Research GroupPaulista UniversitySão PauloSPBrazil
- Piracicaba Dental SchoolUniversity of CampinasPiracicabaSPBrazil
| | - M. L. R. Sousa
- Piracicaba Dental SchoolUniversity of CampinasPiracicabaSPBrazil
| | - G. C. Vale
- Federal University of PiauíTeresinaPIBrazil
| | - V. A. Lages
- Piracicaba Dental SchoolUniversity of CampinasPiracicabaSPBrazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
74
|
Elger W, Kiess W, Körner A, Schrock A, Vogel M, Hirsch C. Influence of overweight/obesity, socioeconomic status, and oral hygiene on caries in primary dentition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 10:e12394. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wieland Elger
- Department of Pediatric DentistryUniversity of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization DiseasesUniversity of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization DiseasesUniversity of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Department of Women and Child HealthHospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric ResearchUniversity of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization DiseasesUniversity of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Department of Women and Child HealthHospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric ResearchUniversity of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity DiseasesUniversity of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Annett Schrock
- Department of Pediatric DentistryUniversity of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Mandy Vogel
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization DiseasesUniversity of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Christian Hirsch
- Department of Pediatric DentistryUniversity of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization DiseasesUniversity of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Dagalp R, Aka SP, Aydintug I, Iper D. Statistical Evaluation of Anthropometric Measures and Oral Health Status in Terms of Diet, Smoking and Brushing Habits. Health (London) 2019. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2019.114035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
76
|
Wijey T, Blizard B, Louca C, Leung A, Suvan J. Patient perceptions of healthy weight promotion in dental settings. J Dent 2019; 91S:100002. [PMID: 34059278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjodo.2019.100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Excess weight is a risk factor for systemic and oral diseases. Since dental professionals are already involved in imparting overall health messages when certain conditions impact oral health, it should make sense that they also deliver related health messages such as promoting the maintenance of healthy weight for patients. OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the perceptions of adult patients attending private dental clinics on healthy weight promotion by dental professionals. METHODS A cross-sectional multicenter survey was designed and set in four private dental clinics (London/Hampshire) between April and July 2015. All eligible patients (≥ 18 years) completed a questionnaire. Body Mass Index (BMI; kg/m2) was calculated from height and weight measurements. Questionnaire content was centred on patient perceptions of 6 domains with the primary domain as to whether patients would accept healthy weight promotion by dental professionals. RESULTS 213 adults (aged 20-85 years) participated in this study and 58.2% were females. Although the overwhelming majority endorsed healthy weight promotion by the dental team, the overweight/obese were significantly more sensitive (BMI screening χ2 trend = 6.840, p = 0.009; healthy weight information χ2 trend = 6.231, p = 0.013). Awareness of risk of periodontitis, carcinoma and overall adverse health outcomes associated with overweight or obesity was low. CONCLUSION The study cohort was well primed for healthy weight advice. Routine healthy weight promotion and BMI screening should be considered in the private dental clinic settings. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This is an opportunity to collaborate with other health care professionals to support overall health monitoring/advice; a common risk factor strategy as recommended by the WHO. Future research is merited for this new initiative particularly perceptions of: dental teams' on healthy weight management, longitudinal interventions, NHS, children/parents and separate obese groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Wijey
- Continuing Professional Development, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - B Blizard
- Continuing Professional Development, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - C Louca
- University of Portsmouth Dental Academy, Portsmouth, UK
| | - A Leung
- Continuing Professional Development, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - J Suvan
- Unit of Periodontology, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Pradhan A. Targeting Dental Caries and Body Mass Index Among Special Olympics Athletes in Australia. JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jppi.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Archana Pradhan
- School of Dentistry; The University of Queensland; Herston QLD Australia
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Nicolau B, Madathil S. Inconclusive Evidence Exists Regarding the Association Between Dental Caries and BMI in Children Under Age 18 Years. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2018; 18:355-357. [PMID: 30514453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
ARTICLE TITLE AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION Association between dental caries and BMI in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chen D, Zhi Q, Zhou Y, Tao Y, Wu L, Lin H.Caries Res 2018;52:230-45. SOURCE OF FUNDING None declared. TYPE OF STUDY/DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis.
Collapse
|
79
|
Rebelo MAB, Rebelo Vieira JM, Pereira JV, Quadros LN, Vettore MV. Does oral health influence school performance and school attendance? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Paediatr Dent 2018; 29:138-148. [PMID: 30367538 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the evidence on the influence of oral health status on school performance and school attendance in children and adolescents. DESIGN A systematic review was performed in accordance with PRISMA included epidemiological studies that assessed concomitantly oral health measures, participants' school performance and/or school attendance. Electronic search was conducted on MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and LILACS. Studies published up to May 2018 in any language were eligible. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was used to obtain pooled estimates between oral health measures and school performance and school attendance. RESULTS Eighteen studies were included. Of them, fifteen studies were used for the meta-analyses. Most studies were assessed as moderate quality. Children with one or more decayed teeth had higher probability of poor school performance (OR = 1.44 95%CI: 1.24-1.64) and poor school attendance (OR = 1.57 95%CI: 1.08-2.05) than caries-free children. Poor parent's perception of child's oral health increased the odds of worse school performance (OR = 1.51 95%CI: 1.10-1.92) and poor school attendance (OR = 1.35 95%CI: 1.14-1.57). CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescents with dental caries and those reporting worse oral health experience poor school performance and poor school attendance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mario Vianna Vettore
- Unit Oral Health, Dentistry and Society, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Dimaisip-Nabuab J, Duijster D, Benzian H, Heinrich-Weltzien R, Homsavath A, Monse B, Sithan H, Stauf N, Susilawati S, Kromeyer-Hauschild K. Nutritional status, dental caries and tooth eruption in children: a longitudinal study in Cambodia, Indonesia and Lao PDR. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:300. [PMID: 30217185 PMCID: PMC6137874 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1277-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Untreated dental caries is reported to affect children's nutritional status and growth, yet evidence on this relationship is conflicting. The aim of this study was to assess the association between dental caries in both the primary and permanent dentition and nutritional status (including underweight, normal weight, overweight and stunting) in children from Cambodia, Indonesia and Lao PDR over a period of 2 years. A second objective was to assess whether nutritional status affects the eruption of permanent teeth. METHODS Data were used from the Fit for School - Health Outcome Study: a cohort study with a follow-up period of 2 years, consisting of children from 82 elementary schools in Cambodia, Indonesia and Lao PDR. From each school, a random sample of six to seven-year-old children was selected. Dental caries and odontogenic infections were assessed using the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and the pufa-index. Weight and height measurements were converted to BMI-for-age and height-for-age z-scores and categorized into weight status and stunting following WHO standardised procedures. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations were analysed using the Kruskal Wallis test, Mann Whitney U-test and multivariate logistic and linear regression. RESULTS Data of 1499 children (mean age at baseline = 6.7 years) were analyzed. Levels of dental caries and odontogenic infections in the primary dentition were significantly highest in underweight children, as well as in stunted children, and lowest in overweight children. Dental caries in six to seven-year old children was also significantly associated with increased odds of being underweight and stunted 2 years later. These associations were not consistently found for dental caries and odontogenic infections in the permanent dentition. Underweight and stunting was significantly associated with a lower number of erupted permanent teeth in children at the age of six to seven-years-old and 2 years later. CONCLUSIONS Underweight and stunted growth are associated with untreated dental caries and a delayed eruption of permanent teeth in children from Cambodia, Indonesia and Lao PDR. Findings suggest that oral health may play an important role in children's growth and general development. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was restrospectively registered with the German Clinical Trials Register, University of Freiburg (trial registration number: DRKS00004485 ; date of registration: 26th of February, 2013).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jed Dimaisip-Nabuab
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), L.P. Leviste corner Rufino Street, Makati City, Metro Manila, Philippines.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, 625 Pedro Gil St, Ermita, Manila, Philippines
| | - Denise Duijster
- Department of Social Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, Torrington Place 1-19, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Habib Benzian
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, WHO Collaborating Center for Quality Improvement and Evidence-based Dentistry, College of Dentistry, New York University, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Roswitha Heinrich-Weltzien
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Pediatric Dentistry, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Bachstraße 18, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Amphayvan Homsavath
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences Ministry of Health, 7444 Mahosot Rd, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Bella Monse
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), L.P. Leviste corner Rufino Street, Makati City, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Hak Sithan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, 151-153 Kampuchea Krom Avenue, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Nicole Stauf
- The Health Bureau Ltd., Whiteleaf Business Center, 11 Little Balmer, Buckingham, MK18 1TF, UK
| | - Sri Susilawati
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Sekelda Selatan I, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Katrin Kromeyer-Hauschild
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07740, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Mishu MP, Tsakos G, Heilmann A, Watt RG. Dental caries and anthropometric measures in a sample of 5- to 9-year-old children in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2018; 46:449-456. [PMID: 30080262 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to assess associations between dental caries and anthropometric measures among a sample of children aged 5-9 years in Dhaka, Bangladesh. METHODS A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 5- to 9-year-old children in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were collected from children and their parents attending the Dhaka Dental College Hospital and from three nearby primary schools. The outcome measures were as follows: age and sex adjusted height-z-scores (HAZ), weight-z-scores (WAZ) and BMI-z-scores (BAZ). Multiple linear regressions were used to assess the associations between caries and anthropometric measures, adjusted for maternal education, family income, study setting, birth weight and childhood diseases as potential confounders. RESULTS The final sample comprised 788 children, and the overall response rate was 96.7%. The majority (73.2%) had experience of dental caries. The mean dmft + DMFT score was 2.84 (95% CI 2.64, 3.03) and 35.8% experienced dental sepsis. Dental caries and sepsis were negatively associated with HAZ, WAZ and BAZ scores. After adjustment for potential confounders, children with severe levels of caries had lower HAZ scores (coefficient: -0.40; 95% CI -0.69, -0.10), lower WAZ scores (coefficient: -0.59; 95% CI -0.94, -0.24) and lower BAZ scores (coefficient: -0.50; 95% CI -0.87, -0.13) than those who were caries free. Children with moderate levels of caries also had lower WAZ scores (coefficient: -0.43; 95% CI -0.72, -0.15) and lower BAZ scores (coefficient: -0.43; 95% CI -0.72, -0.13) than caries-free children. Children with dental sepsis had lower HAZ (coefficient: -0.23; 95% CI -0.42, -0.03), WAZ (coefficient: -0.33; 95% CI -0.56, -0.10) and BAZ scores (coefficient: -0.29; 95% CI -0.53, -0.05) than dental sepsis-free children. CONCLUSIONS Dental caries was associated with lower height, weight and BMI among this sample of Bangladeshi children, even after adjusting for age and sex and a number of potential confounders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masuma Pervin Mishu
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of York, Heslington, UK
| | - Georgios Tsakos
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Anja Heilmann
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Richard G Watt
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Mokhtari MJ, Koohpeima F, Hashemi-Gorji F. Association of the Risk of Dental Caries and Polymorphism of MBL2 rs11003125 Gene in Iranian Adults. Caries Res 2018; 53:60-64. [PMID: 29902796 DOI: 10.1159/000489572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This case-control study aimed to investigate the effect of rs11003125 in dental caries. For this purpose, a total number of 404 individuals - from Fars Province in Iran - were studied. The technique of this research was the tetra-primer amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR. Dental caries prevalence among the 404 individuals was assessed by counting the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth. In this research, individuals were divided into two groups: cases (n = 238) and controls (n = 166), and the peripheral blood samples were used to extract the genomic DNA. For genotyping of DNA, the tetra-primer ARMS-PCR method was conducted using specific primer pairs. While examining MBL2 rs11003125 polymorphism, we found significant differences in the genotype frequencies between the case and the control group. The pooled estimates indicated that the GG and GC genotypes of MBL2 rs11003125 polymorphism significantly increased, and therefore caries risk (OR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.31-4.40, p = 0.004) under the dominant model. These findings suggested that polymorphism in MBL2 gene was associated with dental caries in Iranian adults. Further verification is needed with more ethnic groups and larger sample sizes to determine whether rs11003125 polymorphism is related to dental caries in other regions or not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Koohpeima
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Biomaterial Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
83
|
Khadri FA, Gopinath VK, Hector MP, Davenport ES. Evaluating the risk factors that link obesity and dental caries in 11-17-year-old school going children in the United Arab Emirates. Eur J Dent 2018; 12:217-224. [PMID: 29988230 PMCID: PMC6004794 DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_29_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective is to study the effect of obesity on dental caries among schoolchildren in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample comprised 803, 11-17-year-old schoolchildren. The study was in the form of a randomized cross-sectional manner. Method used was two questioners. The first assessed socioeconomic and general health and the second detailed their demographic, oral hygiene, and dietary habits. Dental examination included dental caries assessment using the World Health Organization 1997 criteria and gingival health valuation. Clinical examination consisted of height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). Data analysis was done by descriptive, univariate, and multiple regressions. RESULTS In this sample, 75% had dental caries and the mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) was 3.19 (standard deviation: 2.9). Obesity was seen in 15% of the adolescents and the mean BMI was 21. The link between DMFT and BMI, when evaluated using univariate analysis, showed a significant correlation (r = 0.097, P = 0.006), indicating that the rise in BMI by 10 points resulted in an increase in DMFT by 0.57. However, in the multivariate analysis, a significant relationship was observed only between father's education (P < 0.001), adolescent's age (P < 0.001), gender (P = 0.008), ethnicity (P = 0.001), and soft drink consumption with DMFT while BMI showed a significant association with age (P < 0.001), school fees (P = 0.005), obesity in family (P < 0.001), and soft drink consumption (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Obesity and dental caries were not significantly associated. The most important predictor for obesity and dental caries was soft drink consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Foroogh Abdalla Khadri
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Sharjah Specialised Dental Centre, Ministry of Health and Prevention, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Vellore Kannan Gopinath
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | | | - Elizabeth S. Davenport
- Center of Oral growth and Development (Paediatric Dentistry), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Paisi M, Kay E, Kaimi I, Witton R, Nelder R, Potterton R, Lapthorne D. Obesity and caries in four-to-six year old English children: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:267. [PMID: 29454320 PMCID: PMC5816423 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and caries are common conditions in childhood and can have significant implications on children’s wellbeing. Evidence into their association remains conflicting. Furthermore, studies examining the ssociation between obesity and caries commonly focus on individual-level determinants. The present study aimed to examine the association between obesity and caries in young English children and to determine the impact of deprivation and area-level characteristics on the distribution of the two conditions. Methods This was a cross-sectional study among children in Plymouth city aged four-to-six years. Anthropometric measurements included weight and height (converted to Body Mass Index centiles and z-scores), and waist circumference. Caries was assessed by using the sum of the number of teeth that were decayed, missing or filled. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on children’s demographic characteristics, oral hygiene, and dietary habits. The impact of deprivation on anthropometric variables and caries was determined using Linear and Poisson regression models, respectively. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association between different anthropometric measures and caries. Logistic regression models were also used to examine the impact of several demographic characteristics and health behaviours on the presence of obesity and caries. Results The total sample included 347 children aged 5.10 ± 0.31 (mean ± SD). Deprivation had a significant impact on caries and BMI z-scores (p < 0.05). Neither BMI- nor waist circumference z-scores were shown to be significantly associated with dental caries. Among the neighbourhood characteristics examined, the percentage of people dependent on benefits was found to have a significant impact on caries rates (p < 0.05). Household’s total annual income was inversely related to caries risk and parental educational level affected children’s tooth brushing frequency. Conclusions No associations between any measure of obesity and caries were found. However, deprivation affected both obesity and caries, thus highlighting the need to prioritise disadvantaged children in future prevention programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martha Paisi
- Peninsula Dental School, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Elizabeth Kay
- Peninsula Dental School, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Irene Kaimi
- School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Robert Witton
- Peninsula Dental School, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Robert Nelder
- Office of the Director of Public Health, Plymouth City Council, Plymouth, PL6 5UF, UK
| | - Ruth Potterton
- Peninsula Dental School, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Debra Lapthorne
- Public Health England, Follaton House, Road, Totnes, Plymouth, Devon, TQ9 5NE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Chen D, Zhi Q, Zhou Y, Tao Y, Wu L, Lin H. Association between Dental Caries and BMI in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Caries Res 2018; 52:230-245. [PMID: 29353283 DOI: 10.1159/000484988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the association between dental caries and body mass index (BMI) in children has shown contradictory results; thus we aimed to examine the association between dental caries and the full range of BMI classes among children. We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies published prior to March 2017. Articles comparing dental caries among the full range of BMI classes for children below 18 years of both genders were included. Fourteen studies were eligible for this study. Basic information - i.e., first author, published year, study design, country, sample size, age, type of dental caries index and BMI, main results and conclusions, and means and standard deviations of the dental caries indexes used - was pooled. The weighted mean differences and corresponding 95% confidence intervals for dental caries between children with abnormal weight and those with normal weight were analyzed. Generally, no significant differences in caries were found between any abnormal-weight group and the normal-weight group for both primary and permanent teeth. Sensitivity analyses showed that the obese group had more caries than the normal-weight group in their primary teeth. Significantly more caries was found among the overweight and obese children in both primary and permanent teeth in high-income countries, but not in low- and middle-income countries. We recommend that further studies use suitable sample sizes, unify the criteria for BMI categorization and the dental caries index, and investigate the confounding factors that might influence dental caries and BMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongru Chen
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
86
|
Lara-Capi C, Cagetti MG, Cocco F, Lingström P, García-Godoy F, Campus G. Effect of body weight and behavioural factors on caries severity in Mexican rural and urban adolescents. Int Dent J 2018; 68:190-196. [PMID: 29322499 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate if, in Mexican adolescents, body weight and caries severity are associated, and if this association differs between rural and urban populations. METHODS Adolescents from the rural area of Tepancan and the city of Veracruz were enrolled. Caries was recorded using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Oral habits (toothbrushing, flossing, dental check-ups) and dietary patterns (sweets intake) were assessed. A dummy variable between BMI and living area (BMI/Area) was generated. Data were analysed using STATA and a multinomial logistic regression model was run, using caries severity as the dependent variable. RESULTS Four-hundred and sixty-four subjects, 12-15 years of age, participated (rural = 240; urban = 224). The BMI and area of residence were significantly associated (χ2 = 12.59, P < 0.01). Area was also associated with caries severity (χ2 = 24.23, P < 0.01), with the highest number of caries in dentine recorded in participants from the rural area. The dummy variable BMI/Area was related to caries severity (χ2 = 27.47, P < 0.01): overweight adolescents with caries in dentine were most frequently found in the rural area. A higher prevalence of caries in enamel and a lower prevalence of caries in dentine (P < 0.01) were recorded in adolescents from the urban area, where better oral habits, but higher sweets intake (P = 0.04), were encountered. According to the multinomial logistic regression model, BMI/Area was significantly associated with caries severity (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Overweight was not associated with caries severity in the overall population, but it became a statistically significant risk indicator in adolescents living in the rural area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Lara-Capi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Epidemiology and Community Dentistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cagetti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Epidemiology and Community Dentistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Cocco
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Epidemiology and Community Dentistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Peter Lingström
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Epidemiology and Community Dentistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Franklin García-Godoy
- Bioscience Research Center, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Guglielmo Campus
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Epidemiology and Community Dentistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Ashour NA, Ashour AA, Basha S. Association between body mass index and dental caries among special care female children in Makkah City. Ann Saudi Med 2018; 38:28-35. [PMID: 29289955 PMCID: PMC6074180 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2017.31.12.1515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries and obesity are multifactorial diseases with diet being a common contributory factor. OBJECTIVE The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between dental caries and obesity among special care female school children in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia. DESIGN Analytical cross-sectional study. SETTING Special schools in Makkah City. STUDY POPULATION AND METHODS Schools were chosen by lottery and female children were ran.domly selected. Dental caries detection was performed according to the World Health Organization criteria. The medical evaluation assessed the body mass index (BMI). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES With appropriate sample weighting, relationships between dmft/DMFT (decayed, missing, filled teeth for deciduous and permanent dentition) and obesity were assessed using multilevel logistic regression. RESULTS In 275 special care children, the prevalence of dental caries was 56.7 percent. The mean dmft and DMFT scores for the entire study population were 3.9 (4.8) and 3.2 (4.1), respectively. Forty percent of children were mentally retarded, 22.2% presented with deafness, blindness or both, 18.9% presented with Down syndrome and 14.9% were autistic. From the total sample, the mean BMI was 20.2 (2.8). When adjusted for covariates, the logistic regression model showed strong association between caries and obesity (adjusted odds ratio=2.9; 95% CI=1.2-4.9). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated a significant association between caries frequency and overweight/obesity in special care school children. LIMITATIONS Since the data was cross-sectional, causal relationships cannot be established and the observed association could be due to other unexplored factors. Because of cultural and ethical consideration, including segregation of gender in Saudi Arabia, only female children were included in the present study, which limited the findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sakeena Basha
- Dr. Sakeena Basha, Assistant Professor,, Department of Community Dentistry,, Faculty of Dentistry,, Taif University, Taif 21431,, Saudi Arabia, M: +966538418544, , http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5281-8096
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Alghamdi AA, Almahdy A. Association Between Dental Caries and Body Mass Index in Schoolchildren Aged Between 14 and 16 Years in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. J Clin Med Res 2017; 9:981-986. [PMID: 29163730 PMCID: PMC5687901 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr2958w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental caries and obesity are multifactorial diseases that have common risk factors. Studies worldwide reported varied outcomes about the association between dental caries and obesity. There is no published study that investigates this association among schoolchildren in Arabic countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between dental caries (DMFT) and body mass index (BMI) for children aged between 14 and 16 years old in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The role of oral hygiene habits, parent’s education, sugar consumption and physical activity in causing both diseases was also evaluated. Methods This is a cross-sectional study that involved 610 schoolchildren aged between 14 and 16 years. The children were selected from 12 boy’s intermediate schools distributed in Riyadh city. A questionnaire that asked about demographic data, oral hygiene habits, parents’ education, sugar consumption and physical activity was distributed. Then, the mean DMFT and BMI were calculated by collecting the information from dental examination, body weight and height. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to explain the relationship between the teeth health and the BMI. Moreover, multivariate linear regression was conducted to model the relationship between DMFT and BMI and the socioeconomic score, sugar consumption and physical activity. Results The prevalence of dental caries (DMFT > 0) was 54.1%. Around 32% of the schoolchildren were either overweight or obese. A statistically significant association between dental caries (DMFT) and BMI was found (P = 0.008). It was found that obese schoolchildren are 1.79 times higher to be with healthy teeth (P = 0.02). In addition, it was found that schoolchildren with higher socioeconomic status are 1.26 times higher to be with healthy teeth group (P = 0.005). Similarly, schoolchildren who reported that they are using the fluoridated toothpaste were 1.63 times higher to be within the healthy teeth group (DMFT = 0) when everything else is controlled. Physical activity level affects the schoolchildren BMI significantly (P < 0.001). Conclusions The study showed a statistically significant association between dental caries and BMI for this study sample. Obese schoolchildren showed healthier teeth than others did. Fluoride toothpaste usage and socioeconomic score were associated significantly with dental caries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Almahdy
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Idrees M, Hammad M, Faden A, Kujan O. Influence of body mass index on severity of dental caries: cross-sectional study in healthy adults. Ann Saudi Med 2017; 37:444-448. [PMID: 29229892 PMCID: PMC6074122 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2017.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and dental caries is still undetermined. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the relationship between the dental status by decayed, missed, filled teeth index (DMFT), and BMI by age and gender among healthy adults. DESIGN Analytical, cross-sectional study. SETTINGS University dental hospital in Riyadh. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Healthy adults aged between 18 and 35 years were recruited during the 10-month period from March 2015 to December 2015. Dental caries severity was estimated using the DMFT index. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The prevalence of overweight/obesity and the association of BMI category with the DMFT index. RESULTS The mean age of 502 subjects was 24.3 (4.9) years. The caries severity of the study population was considered moderate according to the WHO caries severity scale (mean [standard deviation] DMFT 13.3 [3.8]). The mean (SD) DMFT of male and female subjects was 13.1 (4.0) and 13.36 (3.7), respectively. No significant association was seen between dental caries and BMI. Logistic regression analysis showed that males had two times more risk of developing dental caries compared to females. In addition, the risk of caries development was increased by about 5 times for every year of age. CONCLUSION Dental caries was not associated with BMI but age significantly influenced the DMFT index and gender was associated with more missing teeth. Further longitudinal studies with larger cohorts from several geographic regions are warranted. LIMITATION Convenience sampling and recruitment from a single dental center may have some impact on the generalization of data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Omar Kujan
- Dr. Omar Kujan, UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia,, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands,, Western Australia, 6009, Australia, T: +61 8 6457 7649, , ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5951-8280
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Carson SJ, Abuhaloob L, Richards D, Hector MP, Freeman R. The relationship between childhood body weight and dental caries experience: an umbrella systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2017; 6:216. [PMID: 29070060 PMCID: PMC5657131 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-017-0610-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and dental caries are global public health problems which can impact in childhood and throughout the life course. In simple terms, childhood dental caries and body weight are linked via the common risk factor of diet. An association between dental caries and obesity has been described in a number of studies and reviews. However, similarly, a relationship has also been noted between low body weight and caries experience in children. This protocol will provide the framework for an umbrella review to address the following question: Does the available evidence support a relationship between dental caries experience and body weight in the child population? METHODS This review protocol outlines the process to carry out an umbrella systematic review which will synthesise previous reviews of childhood dental caries experience and body weight. An umbrella review methodology will be used to examine the methodological and reporting quality of existing reviews. DISCUSSION The final umbrella review aims to aggregate the available evidence in order to provide a summary for policymakers and to inform healthcare interventions. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42016047304.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Carson
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HR, Scotland. .,Dental Public Health, NHS Tayside, Dundee, Scotland.
| | - Lamis Abuhaloob
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HR, Scotland
| | - Derek Richards
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HR, Scotland.,Dental Public Health, NHS Tayside, Dundee, Scotland.,Dental Public Health, NHS Forth Valley, Stirling, Scotland
| | - Mark P Hector
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HR, Scotland
| | - Ruth Freeman
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HR, Scotland.,Dental Public Health, NHS Tayside, Dundee, Scotland
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Crowe M, O' Sullivan M, Cassetti O, O' Sullivan A. Weight Status and Dental Problems in Early Childhood: Classification Tree Analysis of a National Cohort. Dent J (Basel) 2017; 5:E25. [PMID: 29563431 PMCID: PMC5806944 DOI: 10.3390/dj5030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A poor quality diet may be a common risk factor for both obesity and dental problems such as caries. The aim of this paper is to use classification tree analysis (CTA) to identify predictors of dental problems in a nationally representative cohort of Irish pre-school children. CTA was used to classify variables and describe interactions between multiple variables including socio-demographics, dietary intake, health-related behaviour, body mass index (BMI) and a dental problem. Data were derived from the second (2010/2011) wave of the 'Growing Up in Ireland' study (GUI) infant cohort at 3 years, n = 9793. The prevalence of dental problems was 5.0% (n = 493). The CTA model showed a sensitivity of 67% and specificity of 58.5% and overall correctly classified 59% of children. Ethnicity was the most significant predictor of dental problems followed by longstanding illness or disability, mother's BMI and household income. The highest prevalence of dental problems was among children who were obese or underweight with a longstanding illness and an overweight mother. Frequency of intake of some foods showed interactions with the target variable. Results from this research highlight the interconnectedness of weight status, dental problems and general health and reinforce the importance of adopting a common risk factor approach when dealing with prevention of these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Crowe
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Michael O' Sullivan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Oscar Cassetti
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Aifric O' Sullivan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, 2.05 Science Centre, South, UCD, Belfield, Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Pahel BT, Vann WF, Divaris K, Rozier RG. A Contemporary Examination of First and Second Permanent Molar Emergence. J Dent Res 2017. [PMID: 28644755 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517716395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of first permanent molars (FPMs) and second permanent molars (SPMs) is an important developmental milestone influencing caries risk and the timing of sealant placement. Emergence times have been shown to vary by sex and race/ethnicity, while recent reports suggest a positive association with adiposity. Amid the changing demographics of the US population and the rising rates of pediatric overweight/obesity, we sought to examine the association of body mass index (BMI) with FPM/SPM emergence in a representative sample of US children and adolescents. We used cross-sectional data from 3 consecutive cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009 to 2014). The FPM analysis included ages 4 to 8 y ( n = 3,102 representing ~20 million children), and the SPM analysis included ages 9 to 13 y ( n = 2,774 representing ~19 million children/adolescents). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's growth chart data were used to calculate age- and sex-specific BMI percentiles, as measures of adiposity. Initial data analyses relied on descriptive statistics and stratified analyses. We used multivariate methods, including survey linear and ordinal logistic regression and marginal effects estimation to quantify the association between pediatric overweight/obesity and FPM/SPM emergence, adjusting for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Forty-eight percent of 6-y-olds and 98% of 8-y-olds had all FPMs emerged, whereas SPM emergence varied more. Blacks (vs. whites) and females (vs. males) experienced earlier emergence of FPMs and SPMs. Overweight/obesity was associated with earlier FPM emergence, particularly among black females. Obesity but not overweight was associated with earlier SPM emergence. Overall, overweight/obesity accounted for 6 to 12 mo of dental acceleration. This study's results emanate from the most recent US-representative data and affirm that FPM/SPM emergence varies by race/ethnicity and sex and is positively influenced by BMI. Future research should further elucidate these associations with detailed eruption data and examine the implications of this variation for clinical care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B T Pahel
- 1 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - W F Vann
- 1 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K Divaris
- 1 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,2 Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R G Rozier
- 3 Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Dooley D, Moultrie NM, Sites E, Crawford PB. Primary care interventions to reduce childhood obesity and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption: Food for thought for oral health professionals. J Public Health Dent 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diane Dooley
- School of Medicine; University of California San Francisco; San Francisco CA USA
| | | | | | - Patricia B. Crawford
- Nutrition Policy Institute; Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California; Berkeley CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Greenberg BL, Glick M, Tavares M. Addressing obesity in the dental setting: What can be learned from oral health care professionals' efforts to screen for medical conditions. J Public Health Dent 2017; 77 Suppl 1:S67-S78. [DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara L. Greenberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health; School of Health Sciences and Practice; New York Medical College Valhalla NY USA
| | - Michael Glick
- School of Dental Medicine; State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mary Tavares
- The Forsyth Institute and Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Un Lam C, Khin L, Kalhan A, Yee R, Lee Y, Chong MF, Kwek K, Saw S, Godfrey K, Chong Y, Hsu CY. Identification of Caries Risk Determinants in Toddlers: Results of the GUSTO Birth Cohort Study. Caries Res 2017; 51:271-282. [PMID: 28538220 PMCID: PMC5716459 DOI: 10.1159/000471811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify risk determinants leading to early childhood caries (ECC) and visible plaque (VP) in toddlers. Data for mother-child pairs participating in the Growing Up in Singapore towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) birth cohort were collected from pregnancy to toddlerhood. Oral examinations were performed in 543 children during their clinic visit at 24 months to detect ECC and VP. Following logistic regression, ECC and VP were jointly regressed as primary and secondary outcomes, respectively, using the bivariate probit model. The ECC prevalence was 17.8% at 2 years of age, with 7.3% of children having a VP score >1. ECC was associated with nighttime breastfeeding (3 weeks) and biological factors, including Indian ethnicity (lower ECC rate), higher maternal childbearing age and existing health conditions, maternal plasma folate <6 ng/mL, child BMI, and the plaque index, while VP was associated with psychobehavioral factors, including the frequency of dental visits, brushing frequency, lower parental perceived importance of baby teeth, and weaning onto solids. Interestingly, although a higher frequency of dental visits and toothbrushing were associated with lower plaque accumulation, they were associated with increased ECC risk, suggesting that these established caries-risk factors may be a consequence rather than the cause of ECC. In conclusion, Indian toddlers may be less susceptible to ECC, compared to Chinese and Malay toddlers. The study also highlights a problem-driven utilization pattern of dental services (care sought for treatment) in Singapore, in contrast to the prevention-driven approach (care sought to prevent disease) in Western countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Un Lam
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore,
Singapore
| | - L.W. Khin
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A-STAR, Singapore
| | - A.C. Kalhan
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore,
Singapore
| | - R. Yee
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore,
Singapore
| | - Y.S. Lee
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore,
Singapore
| | - M.F-F. Chong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of
Singapore, Singapore
| | - K. Kwek
- KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
| | - S.M. Saw
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore,
Singapore
| | - K. Godfrey
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of
Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton,
UK
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton,
UK
| | - Y.S. Chong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of
Medicine
| | - C-Y. Hsu
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore,
Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Thanakun S, Pornprasertsuk-Damrongsri S, Izumi Y. Increased oral inflammation, leukocytes, and leptin, and lower adiponectin in overweight or obesity. Oral Dis 2017; 23:956-965. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Thanakun
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | | | - Y Izumi
- Department of Periodontology; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Exploring the association between body mass index and dental caries in 3–7-year-old children, living in Łódź, Poland. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/anre-2017-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Dental caries and childhood obesity are major problems affecting the health of children and preventing these conditions in children have been recognized as public health priorities (Hong et al. 2008; Odgien et al. 2010). The aim of the present study was to analyze the association between age-specific body mass index (BMI-for age) and dental caries in 3- to 7-year-olds. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 729 children from randomly chosen kindergartens and elementary schools in the urban area of Lodz, Poland. Anthropometric measurements were taken and the BMI-for-age was calculated for each child. Dental examinations were performed according to the WHO criteria. The sum of decayed, missing, filled primary/ permanent teeth and surfaces - dmft/DMFT and dmft/DMFTS, and caries prevalence were computed. The percentage distribution of the BMI categories in the study group was: 72.7% normal weight, 8.92% underweight, 12.89% overweight and 5.49% obese. Caries prevalence in the primary dentition was significantly lower in underweight children than in those who were of normal weight (p=0.004) or were overweight (p=0.039). However, controlling for age and gender, no significant association was noted between BMI and caries prevalence in either dentition group. The Kruskal-Wallis test failed to reveal any significant differences in mean dmft across the four BMI groups in the whole population, nor within particular age groups, nor in DMFT in 5- to 7-year-olds. There was no association between BMI and dental caries either in the primary dentition or permanent teeth in the early period after eruption.
Collapse
|
98
|
Association between overweight/obesity and periodontal disease in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2017; 18:69-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s40368-017-0272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
99
|
Heba E, Deema F, Leena M, Najat F, Sumer A, Najlaa A, Dania B, Hammam B. Prevalence of obesity among preschool children and its relation with dental caries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5897/jdoh2016.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
100
|
Antunes LAA, Machado CMC, Couto ACK, Lopes LB, Sena FC, Abreu FV, Fraga RS, Küchler EC, Antunes LS. A Polymorphism in the MTRR Gene Is Associated with Early Childhood Caries and Underweight. Caries Res 2017; 51:102-108. [PMID: 28118645 DOI: 10.1159/000451037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in genes encoding the enzymes involved in the metabolism of homocysteine, such as methionine synthase (MTR) and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR), play an important function in the metabolism of folic acid and vitamin B12. The present study aimed to evaluate the association of polymorphisms in genes MTR (rs1805087) and MTRR (rs1801394) with susceptibility of early childhood caries (ECC) and with body mass index alterations. A cross-sectional study was performed in 488 children aged from 2 to 6 years from 25 public day care centers in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Demographic data and oral health habits were obtained through a questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements and caries experience data were collected by 2 examiners (κ = 0.80). Genotyping of the selected polymorphisms was carried out by TaqMan real-time PCR using genomic DNA extracted from buccal cells. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared between groups with and without disease. The t test, χ2 test, odds ratio, Pearson correlation tests, and logistic regression analysis were used (p ≤ 0.05). The mean white spot lesion score was 1.18 (±2.57) in normal weight children and 2.50 (±3.87) in underweight children (p = 0.05). For MTRR polymorphisms, significant differences were observed for allele and genotype frequency distributions between caries-free and caries-affected children (p = 0.03 and 0.04 for allele and genotype frequencies, respectively) and in the genotype frequencies between normal weight and underweight children (p = 0.04). Our results suggest an association between underweight and ECC; in addition it is suggested that MTRR is a common genetic risk factor for ECC and underweight.
Collapse
|