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Weller-Newton JM, Murray M, Phillips C, Laging B, McGillion A. Transition to Practice Programs in Nursing: A Rapid Review. J Contin Educ Nurs 2022; 53:442-450. [PMID: 36178755 DOI: 10.3928/00220124-20220907-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Transition to practice can be exceedingly stressful for newly qualified nurses as they grapple with the "reality shock" of everyday practice as an RN. Transition to practice programs were implemented as a support strategy to ease the transition from student to RN and are designed to increase graduates' confidence and competence, improve their professional adjustment, and increase their retention. Method This rapid review was framed by the Cochrane Methods Rapid Review, supported by the PRISMA statement checklist, aiming to identify and describe the benefits of transition to practice programs for newly graduated RNs and their impact on workforce retention. Results The literature revealed that mixed evidence exists regarding the value and benefits of graduate nurse transition programs to both the graduate and the health service. Conclusion There are multiple inconsistencies across clinical settings, organizations, and preceptor-ship/mentoring training, among others, particularly in relation to duration of the program and the amount of formalized contact/study days. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2022;53(10):442-450.].
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Cooke S, Nelson D, Green H, McPeake K, Gussy M, Kane R. Rapid systematic review on developing web-based interventions to support people affected by cancer. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e062026. [PMID: 36691118 PMCID: PMC9454073 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically identify and explore the existing evidence to inform the development of web-based interventions to support people affected by cancer (PABC). DESIGN A rapid review design was employed in accordance with the guidance produced by the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. A rapid review was chosen due to the need for a timely evidence synthesis to underpin the subsequent development of a digital resource (Shared Lives: Cancer) as part of an ongoing funded project. METHODS AND OUTCOMES Keyword searches were performed in MEDLINE to identify peer-reviewed literature that reported primary data on the development of web-based interventions designed to support PABC. The review included peer-reviewed studies published in English with no limits set on publication date or geography. Key outcomes included any primary data that reported on the design, usability, feasibility, acceptability, functionality and user experience of web-based resource development. RESULTS Ten studies were identified that met the pre-specified eligibility criteria. All studies employed an iterative, co-design approach underpinned by either quantitative, qualitative or mixed methods. The findings were grouped into the following overarching themes: (1) exploring current evidence, guidelines and theory, (2) identifying user needs and preferences and (3) evaluating the usability, feasibility and acceptability of resources. Resources should be informed by the experiences of a wide range of end-users taking into consideration current guidelines and theory early in the design process. Resource design and content should be developed around the user's needs and preferences and evaluated through usability, feasibility or acceptability testing using quantitative, qualitative or mixed methods. CONCLUSION The findings of this rapid review provide novel methodological insights into the approaches used to design web-based interventions to support PABC. Our findings have the potential to inform and guide researchers when considering the development of future digital health resources. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER The review protocol was registered on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/ucvsz).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cooke
- School of Health and Social Care, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - David Nelson
- Lincoln International Institute for Rural Health, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
- Macmillan Cancer Support, London, UK
| | - Heidi Green
- School of Health and Social Care, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Kathie McPeake
- Macmillan Cancer Support, London, UK
- NHS Lincolnshire Clinical Commissioning Group, Lincoln, UK
| | - Mark Gussy
- Lincoln International Institute for Rural Health, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Ros Kane
- School of Health and Social Care, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
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Johnson S, Vuillemin A, Lane A, Dowd K, Geidne S, Kokko S, Donaldson A, Seghers J, Whiting S, Van Hoye A. Development of the health promoting sports club-national audit tool. Eur J Public Health 2022; 32:i28-i37. [PMID: 36031823 PMCID: PMC9421409 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sports clubs have requested support from national governing authorities to invest in health promotion (HP), by developing policies, guidelines and dedicated funding. This article outlines the development of a national audit tool to review policies development and implementation to support HP in sports clubs. Methods A five-step process was undertaken by an international project team: (i) a rapid literature review to identify items assessing policies in physical activity, HP and sports, (ii) a thematic analysis to categorize items, (iii) a Delphi method to analyze item relevance, country specificity, reformulation, validation and organization, (iv) face validity through an online survey and in-depth interviews with expert representatives on physical activity and sports and (v) audit tool finalization though project team consensus. Results Eight sources were reviewed with 269 items identified. Items were coded into 25 categories with 3 broad themes: policies, actors and settings-based approach. The Delphi study extracted and refined 50 items and categorized them into 10 sections. After revisions from 22 surveys and 8 interviews, consensus was reached by the international project team on 41 items categorized into 11 sections: Role of ministry or department; Policies; Communication; Implementation and Dissemination; Evaluation and Measurement methods; Sub-national-level policies; Funding and Coordination; Participative approach; Actors and Stakeholders; National sporting events; Case studies and Implicated stakeholders. Conclusion To progress HP in the sports club context it is necessary to understand existing national-level policies. This national audit tool will aid in monitoring and assessing national policies for health promoting sports clubs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aoife Lane
- Technological University of the Shannon, Athlone, Ireland
| | - Kieran Dowd
- Technological University of the Shannon, Athlone, Ireland
| | - Susanna Geidne
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Sami Kokko
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Alex Donaldson
- Centre for Sport and Social Impact, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jan Seghers
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephen Whiting
- WHO European Office for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Aurélie Van Hoye
- Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France.,Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, University of Limerick, Ireland
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Harris P, Harris-Roxas B, Prior J, Morrison N, McIntyre E, Frawley J, Adams J, Bevan W, Haigh F, Freeman E, Hua M, Pry J, Mazumdar S, Cave B, Viliani F, Kwan B. Respiratory pandemics, urban planning and design: A multidisciplinary rapid review of the literature. CITIES (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 127:103767. [PMID: 35663146 PMCID: PMC9150858 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2022.103767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is the most recent respiratory pandemic to necessitate better knowledge about city planning and design. The complex connections between cities and pandemics, however challenge traditional approaches to reviewing literature. In this article we adopted a rapid review methodology. We review the historical literature on respiratory pandemics and their documented connections to urban planning and design (both broadly defined as being concerned with cities as complex systems). Our systematic search across multidisciplinary databases returned a total of 1323 sources, with 92 articles included in the final review. Findings showed that the literature represents the multi-scalar nature of cities and pandemics - pandemics are global phenomena spread through an interconnected world, but require regional, city, local and individual responses. We characterise the literature under ten themes: scale (global to local); built environment; governance; modelling; non-pharmaceutical interventions; socioeconomic factors; system preparedness; system responses; underserved and vulnerable populations; and future-proofing urban planning and design. We conclude that the historical literature captures how city planning and design intersects with a public health response to respiratory pandemics. Our thematic framework provides parameters for future research and policy responses to the varied connections between cities and respiratory pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Harris
- Centre for Health Equity Training, Research & Evaluation (CHETRE), Part of the UNSW Australia Research Centre for Primary Health Care & Equity, A Unit of Population Health, South Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health, A member of the Ingham Institute, Liverpool Hospital, Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool BC, NSW 1871, Australia
| | | | - Jason Prior
- Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS, Australia
| | - Nicky Morrison
- Institute for Culture and Society, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Jane Frawley
- Centre of Public and Population Health Research, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, UTS, Australia
| | - Jon Adams
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, UTS, Australia
| | | | - Fiona Haigh
- Centre for Health Equity Training, Research & Evaluation (CHETRE), Part of the UNSW Australia Research Centre for Primary Health Care & Equity, A Unit of Population Health, South Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health, A member of the Ingham Institute, Liverpool Hospital, Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool BC, NSW 1871, Australia
| | - Evan Freeman
- South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health, Australia
| | - Myna Hua
- South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health, Australia
| | - Jennie Pry
- South Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health, Australia
| | - Soumya Mazumdar
- South Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health, Australia
| | | | | | - Benjamin Kwan
- Sleep Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Smith JB, Herinek D, Woodward-Kron R, Ewers M. Nurse Migration in Australia, Germany, and the UK: A Rapid Evidence Assessment of Empirical Research Involving Migrant Nurses. Policy Polit Nurs Pract 2022; 23:175-194. [PMID: 35747915 PMCID: PMC9274786 DOI: 10.1177/15271544221102964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Forecasts predict a growing shortage of skilled nursing staff in countries worldwide. Nurse migration is already a common strategy used to address nursing workforce needs. Germany, the UK, and Australia are reviewed here as examples of destination countries for nurse migrants. Agreements exist between countries to facilitate nurse migration; however, it is not evident how nurse migrants have contributed to data on which these arrangements are based. We examined existing primary research on nurse migration, including educational needs and initiatives to support policymakers', stakeholders', and health professions educators' decisions on measures for ethical and sustainable nurse migration. We conducted a rapid evidence assessment to review available empirical research data which involved, was developed with, or considered migrant nurses to address the research question: what are the findings of research that directly involves migrant nurses in producing primary research data? A total of 56 papers were included. Four main themes were identified in this research data: Research does not clearly define what is meant by the term migrant nurses; discrimination is often reported by migrant nurses; language and communication competencies are important; and structured integration programs are highly valued by migrant nurses and destination healthcare employers.Migrant nurses continue to experience discrimination and reduced career opportunities and therefore should be included in research about them to better inform policy. Structured integration programs can improve the experience of migrant nurses by providing language support (if necessary), a country-specific bridging program and help with organisational hurdles. Not only researching migrant nurses but making them active partners in research is of great importance for successful, ethical, and sustainable migration policies. A broader evidence base, especially with regard to the views and experiences of migrant nurses and their educational support needs, should be promoted to make future immigration policy more needs-based, sustainable and ethically acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie B Smith
- Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Doreen Herinek
- Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robyn Woodward-Kron
- The University of Melbourne Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Kelly SE, McGowan J, Barnhardt K, Straus SE. Paper 4: a review of reporting and disseminating approaches for rapid reviews in health policy and systems research. Syst Rev 2022; 11:152. [PMID: 35906679 PMCID: PMC9338534 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-01897-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transparent reporting of rapid reviews enables appropriate use of research findings and dissemination strategies can strengthen uptake and impact for the targeted knowledge users, including policy-makers and health system managers. The aim of this literature review was to understand reporting and dissemination approaches for rapid reviews and provide an overview in the context of health policy and systems research. METHODS A literature review and descriptive summary of the reporting and disseminating approaches for rapid reviews was conducted, focusing on available guidance and methods, considerations for engagement with knowledge users, and optimizing dissemination. MEDLINE, PubMed, Google scholar, as well as relevant websites and reference lists were searched from January 2017 to March 2021 to identify the relevant literature with no language restrictions. Content was abstracted and charted. RESULTS The literature review found limited guidance specific to rapid reviews. Building on the barriers and facilitators to systematic review use, we provide practical recommendations on different approaches and methods for reporting and disseminating expedited knowledge synthesis considering the needs of health policy and systems knowledge users. Reporting should balance comprehensive accounting of the research process and findings with what is "good enough" or sufficient to meet the requirements of the knowledge users, while considering the time and resources available to conduct a review. Typical approaches may be used when planning the dissemination of rapid review findings; such as peer-reviewed publications or symposia and clear and ongoing engagement with knowledge users in crafting the messages is essential so they are appropriately tailored to the target audience. Consideration should be given to providing different products for different audiences. Dissemination measures and bibliometrics are also useful to gauge impact and reach. CONCLUSIONS Limited guidance specific to the reporting and dissemination of rapid reviews is available. Although approaches to expedited synthesis for health policy and systems research vary, considerations for the reporting and dissemination of findings are pertinent to all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E Kelly
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Suite 101, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, ON, K1G 5Z3, Ottawa, Canada. .,Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada.
| | - Jessie McGowan
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Suite 101, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, ON, K1G 5Z3, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kim Barnhardt
- Communications, CMAJ, 1410 Blair Towers, Suite 500, ON, K1J 9B9, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sharon E Straus
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's - Unity Health Toronto, 38 Shuter St, ON, M5B 1A6, Toronto, Canada
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King VJ, Stevens A, Nussbaumer-Streit B, Kamel C, Garritty C. Paper 2: Performing rapid reviews. Syst Rev 2022; 11:151. [PMID: 35906677 PMCID: PMC9338520 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-02011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health policy-makers must often make decisions in compressed time frames and with limited resources. Hence, rapid reviews have become a pragmatic alternative to comprehensive systematic reviews. However, it is important that rapid review methods remain rigorous to support good policy development and decisions. There is currently little evidence about which streamlined steps in a rapid review are less likely to introduce unacceptable levels of uncertainty while still producing a product that remains useful to policy-makers. METHODS This paper summarizes current research describing commonly used methods and practices that are used to conduct rapid reviews and presents key considerations and options to guide methodological choices for a rapid review. RESULTS The most important step for a rapid review is for an experienced research team to have early and ongoing engagement with the people who have requested the review. A clear research protocol, derived from a needs assessment conducted with the requester, serves to focus the review, defines the scope of the rapid review, and guides all subsequent steps. Common recommendations for rapid review methods include tailoring the literature search in terms of databases, dates, and languages. Researchers can consider using a staged search to locate high-quality systematic reviews and then subsequently published primary studies. The approaches used for study screening and selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment should be tailored to the topic, researcher experience, and available resources. Many rapid reviews use a single reviewer for study selection, risk-of-bias assessment, or data abstraction, sometimes with partial or full verification by a second reviewer. Rapid reviews usually use a descriptive synthesis method rather than quantitative meta-analysis. Use of brief report templates and standardized production methods helps to speed final report publication. CONCLUSIONS Researchers conducting rapid reviews need to make transparent methodological choices, informed by stakeholder input, to ensure that rapid reviews meet their intended purpose. Transparency is critical because it is unclear how or how much streamlined methods can bias the conclusions of reviews. There are not yet internationally accepted standards for conducting or reporting rapid reviews. Thus, this article proposes interim guidance for researchers who are increasingly employing these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J. King
- The Center for Evidence-Based Policy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97201 USA
| | - Adrienne Stevens
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Unit Head, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Chris Kamel
- Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Chantelle Garritty
- Global Health & Guidelines Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
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Paper 1: Demand-driven rapid reviews for health policy and systems decision-making: lessons from Lebanon, Ethiopia, and South Africa on researchers and policymakers' experiences. Syst Rev 2022; 11:154. [PMID: 35907879 PMCID: PMC9338611 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-02021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid reviews have emerged as an approach to provide contextualized evidence in a timely and efficient manner. Three rapid review centers were established in Ethiopia, Lebanon, and South Africa through the Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, World Health Organization, to stimulate demand, engage policymakers, and produce rapid reviews to support health policy and systems decision-making. This study aimed to assess the experiences of researchers and policymakers engaged in producing and using rapid reviews for health systems strengthening and decisions towards universal health coverage (UHC). METHODS Using a case study approach with qualitative research methods, experienced researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with respondents from each center (n = 16). The topics covered included the process and experience of establishing the centers, stimulating demand for rapid reviews, collaborating between researchers and policymakers, and disseminating and using rapid reviews for health policies and interventions and the potential for sustaining and institutionalizing the services. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Major themes interacted and contributed to shape the experiences of stakeholders of the rapid review centers, including the following: organizational structural arrangements of the centers, management of their processes as input factors, and the rapid reviews as the immediate policy-relevant outputs. The engagement process and the rapid review products contributed to a final theme of impact of the rapid review centers in relation to the uptake of evidence for policy and systems decision-making. CONCLUSIONS The experiences of policymakers and researchers of the rapid review centers determined the uptake of evidence. The findings of this study can inform policymakers, health system managers, and researchers on best practices for demanding, developing and using rapid reviews to support decision- and policymaking, and implementing the universal healthcare coverage agenda.
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Boro E, Stoll B. Barriers to COVID-19 Health Products in Low-and Middle-Income Countries During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Rapid Systematic Review and Evidence Synthesis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:928065. [PMID: 35937225 PMCID: PMC9354133 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.928065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has intensified the urgency in addressing pressing global health access challenges and has also laid bare the pervasive structural and systemic inequities that make certain segments of society more vulnerable to the tragic consequences of the disease. This rapid systematic review analyses the barriers to COVID-19 health products in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). It does so from the canon of global health equity and access to medicines by proposing an access to health products in low-and middle-income countries framework and typology adapted to underscore the complex interactive and multiplicative nature and effects of barriers to health products and their root cause as they coexist across different levels of society in LMICs. Methods Modified versions of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) reviewers' manual for evidence synthesis of systematic reviews and the PRISMA-ScR framework were used to guide the search strategy, identification, and screening of biomedical, social science, and gray literature published in English between 1 January 2020 and 30 April 2021. Results The initial search resulted in 5,956 articles, with 72 articles included in this review after screening protocol and inclusion criteria were applied. Thirty one percent of the articles focused on Africa. The review revealed that barriers to COVID-19 health products were commonly caused by market forces (64%), the unavailability (53%), inaccessibility (42%), and unaffordability (35%), of the products, incongruent donors' agenda and funding (33%) and unreliable health and supply systems (28%). They commonly existed at the international and regional (79%), health sectoral (46%), and national cross-sectoral [public policy] (19%) levels. The historical heritage of colonialism in LMICs was a commonly attributed root cause of the barriers to COVID-19 health products in developing countries. Conclusion This review has outlined and elaborated on the various barriers to health products that must be comprehensively addressed to mount a successful global, regional, national and subnational response to present and future epidemics and pandemics in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezekiel Boro
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Garcia A, Bjarnadottir RRI, Keenan GM, Macieira TGR. Nurses' Perceptions of Recommended Fall Prevention Strategies: A Rapid Review. J Nurs Care Qual 2022; 37:249-256. [PMID: 34775419 PMCID: PMC9095763 DOI: 10.1097/ncq.0000000000000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited studies have synthesized evidence on nurses' perceptions of recommended fall prevention strategies and potential differences between those and the practiced strategies. PURPOSE To synthesize evidence about nurses' perceptions of recommended fall prevention strategies for hospitalized adults. METHODS Using PubMed, 50 records underwent abstract and full-text screening, and 10 studies were retained. Narrative synthesis was conducted to identify common themes across studies. Quality assessment was not performed. RESULTS Nurses are aware of effective fall prevention strategies but identified unit-level barriers and facilitators to implementing these in their practice. Unit culture and policies, educational offerings, nursing interventions, and style of communication and collaboration were seen to influence fall prevention. CONCLUSIONS Nurses recognize falls as a multifactorial issue suggesting that prevention efforts be tailored to the unit and involve all employees. We recommend that future research emphasize identifying and understanding the combination of factors that produce successful unit-level fall prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Garcia
- College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville (Ms Garcia); and Department of Family, Community and Health Systems Science, College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville (Drs Bjarnadottir, Keenan, and Macieira)
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Solebo AL, Kellett S, Rahi J, Pattani R, Edelsten C, Dick AD, Denniston A. Development of a Nationally Agreed Core Clinical Dataset for Childhood Onset Uveitis. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:881398. [PMID: 35799695 PMCID: PMC9253543 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.881398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood onset uveitis comprises a group of rare inflammatory disorders characterized by clinical heterogeneity, chronicity, and uncertainties around long term outcomes. Standardized, detailed datasets with harmonized clinical definitions and terminology are needed to enable the clinical research necessary to stratify disease phenotype and interrogate the putative determinants of health outcomes. We aimed to develop a core routine clinical collection dataset for clinicians managing children with uveitis, suitable for multicenter and national clinical and experimental research initiatives. Methods Development of the dataset was undertaken in three phases: phase 1, a rapid review of published datasets used in clinical research studies; phase 2, a scoping review of disease or drug registries, national cohort studies and core outcome sets; and phase 3, a survey of members of a multicenter clinical network of specialists. Phases 1 and 2 provided candidates for a long list of variables for the dataset. In Phase 3, members of the UK's national network of stakeholder clinicians who manage childhood uveitis (the Pediatric Ocular Inflammation Group) were invited to select from this long-list their essential items for the core clinical dataset, to identify any omissions, and to support or revise the clinical definitions. Variables which met a threshold of at least 95% agreement were selected for inclusion in the core clinical dataset. Results The reviews identified 42 relevant studies, and 9 disease or drug registries. In total, 138 discrete items were identified as candidates for the long-list. Of the 41 specialists invited to take part in the survey, 31 responded (response rate 78%). The survey resulted in inclusion of 89 data items within the final core dataset: 81 items to be collected at the first visit, and 64 items at follow up visits. Discussion We report development of a novel consensus core clinical dataset for the routine collection of clinical data for children diagnosed with non-infectious uveitis. The development of the dataset will provide a standardized approach to data capture able to support observational clinical studies embedded within routine clinical care and electronic patient record capture. It will be validated through a national prospective cohort study, the Uveitis in childhood prospective national cohort study (UNICORNS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameenat Lola Solebo
- Population, Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Salomey Kellett
- Population, Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jugnoo Rahi
- Population, Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Reshma Pattani
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clive Edelsten
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Dick
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- Bristol Eye Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Denniston
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation & Aging, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Abbott R, Bethel A, Rogers M, Whear R, Orr N, Shaw L, Stein K, Thompson Coon J. Characteristics, quality and volume of the first 5 months of the COVID-19 evidence synthesis infodemic: a meta-research study. BMJ Evid Based Med 2022; 27:169-177. [PMID: 34083212 PMCID: PMC9132873 DOI: 10.1136/bmjebm-2021-111710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The academic and scientific community has reacted at pace to gather evidence to help and inform about COVID-19. Concerns have been raised about the quality of this evidence. The aim of this review was to map the nature, scope and quality of evidence syntheses on COVID-19 and to explore the relationship between review quality and the extent of researcher, policy and media interest. DESIGN AND SETTING A meta-research: systematic review of reviews. INFORMATION SOURCES PubMed, Epistemonikos COVID-19 evidence, the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection and the WHO COVID-19 database, searched between 10 June 2020 and 15 June 2020. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Any peer-reviewed article reported as a systematic review, rapid review, overview, meta-analysis or qualitative evidence synthesis in the title or abstract addressing a research question relating to COVID-19. Articles described as meta-analyses but not undertaken as part of a systematic or rapid review were excluded. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Abstract and full text screening were undertaken by two independent reviewers. Descriptive information on review type, purpose, population, size, citation and attention metrics were extracted along with whether the review met the definition of a systematic review according to six key methodological criteria. For those meeting all criteria, additional data on methods and publication metrics were extracted. RISK OF BIAS For articles meeting all six criteria required to meet the definition of a systematic review, AMSTAR-2 ((A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews, version 2.0) was used to assess the quality of the reported methods. RESULTS 2334 articles were screened, resulting in 280 reviews being included: 232 systematic reviews, 46 rapid reviews and 2 overviews. Less than half reported undertaking critical appraisal and a third had no reproducible search strategy. There was considerable overlap in topics, with discordant findings. Eighty-eight of the 280 reviews met all six systematic review criteria. Of these, just 3 were rated as of moderate or high quality on AMSTAR-2, with the majority having critical flaws: only a third reported registering a protocol, and less than one in five searched named COVID-19 databases. Review conduct and publication were rapid, with 52 of the 88 systematic reviews reported as being conducted within 3 weeks, and a half published within 3 weeks of submission. Researcher and media interest, as measured by altmetrics and citations, was high, and was not correlated with quality. DISCUSSION This meta-research of early published COVID-19 evidence syntheses found low-quality reviews being published at pace, often with short publication turnarounds. Despite being of low quality and many lacking robust methods, the reviews received substantial attention across both academic and public platforms, and the attention was not related to the quality of review methods. INTERPRETATION Flaws in systematic review methods limit the validity of a review and the generalisability of its findings. Yet, by being reported as 'systematic reviews', many readers may well regard them as high-quality evidence, irrespective of the actual methods undertaken. The challenge especially in times such as this pandemic is to provide indications of trustworthiness in evidence that is available in 'real time'. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020188822.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Abbott
- NIHR ARC South West Peninsula, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Alison Bethel
- NIHR ARC South West Peninsula, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Morwenna Rogers
- NIHR ARC South West Peninsula, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Rebecca Whear
- NIHR ARC South West Peninsula, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Noreen Orr
- NIHR ARC South West Peninsula, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Liz Shaw
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Ken Stein
- NIHR ARC South West Peninsula, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Jo Thompson Coon
- NIHR ARC South West Peninsula, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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de Klerk JN, Robinson PA. Drivers and hazards of consumption of unpasteurised bovine milk and milk products in high-income countries. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13426. [PMID: 35646485 PMCID: PMC9135038 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The consumption of dairy products contributes to health, nutrition, and livelihoods globally. However, dairy products do not come without microbiological food safety risks for consumers. Despite this risk, common hygiene measures in high-income countries, particularly pasteurisation, ensures that milk is safe, and is indeed frequently mandated by law. Nevertheless, over the past two decades, there has been a global increase in the number of consumers in high-income developed countries actively seeking out unpasteurised milk in liquid and product forms for perceived nutritional and health benefits, and improved taste. The often-anecdotal claims upon which consumers make such choices are not all supported by scientific evidence; however, some recent research studies have investigated (and in some cases demonstrated) the positive impact of unpasteurised milk consumption on the prevalence of asthma, atopy, rectal cancer and respiratory illness. Methods To investigate the significance of unpasteurised milk and milk product consumption for human health in high-income countries, outbreak data between the years 2000 and 2018 were obtained for the United States of America, Canada, the European Union, the United Kingdom, Japan, New Zealand and Australia, which were then categorized into three World Health Organisation subregions: AMR A, EUR A and WPR A. Outbreak dynamic variables such as pathogens, the place of consumption, numbers of outbreaks and deaths per million capita, the average number of cases per outbreak and regulations were described and analysed using R Studio. To provide an overview of unpasteurised milk-related disease outbreaks, a rapid evidence review was also undertaken to establish an overview of what is known in the current literature about hazards and drivers of consumption. Results Foodborne outbreaks associated with unpasteurised dairy consumption have risen in high-income countries over the period 2000 to 2018, with Campylobacter spp. being the most common aetiological agent responsible, followed by Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. The most common places of consumption are on farms or in households, indicating individuals choose to drink unpasteurised milk, rather than a widespread distribution of the product, for example, at social events and in schools. Further study is needed to better understand contributing factors, such as cultural differences in the consumption of dairy products. Conclusion There are several observable health benefits linked to consuming raw milk, but outbreaks associated with unpasteurised milk and milk products are on the rise. It cannot be definitively concluded whether the benefits outweigh the risks, and ultimately the decision lies with the individual consumer. Nevertheless, many countries have regulations in place to protect consumer health, acknowledging the definite risks to human health that unpasteurised dairy foods may pose, particularly from microbial hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna N. de Klerk
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Philip A. Robinson
- Department of Animal Health, Behaviour and Welfare, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, United Kingdom
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Bunschoten JW, Husein N, Devinsky O, French JA, Sander JW, Thijs RD, Keezer MR. Sudden Death and Cardiac Arrythmia With Lamotrigine: A Rapid Systematic Review. Neurology 2022; 98:e1748-e1760. [PMID: 35260442 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES A recent Food and Drug Administration warning concerning an arrhythmogenic potential of lamotrigine created concern in the neurologic community. This warning was based on in vitro studies, but no clinically relevant risk was considered. This rapid systematic review aims to elucidate the risk of lamotrigine on sudden death or ECG abnormalities. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of Ovid Medline and Ovid Embase, including randomized controlled trials and observational studies and studies of people with or without epilepsy, with the outcome measures sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) or sudden cardiac death as well as the development or worsening of ECG abnormalities. We evaluated the sudden death definitions used in all included studies, as some could have used unclear or overlapping definitions. We used the American Academy of Neurology risk of bias tool to evaluate the class of evidence and the GRADE approach to evaluate our confidence in the evidence. RESULTS We included 26 studies with 24,962 participants, of whom 2,326 used lamotrigine. Twelve studies showed no significant risk of SUDEP for lamotrigine users. One study reporting on sudden cardiac death and 3 studies with unclear sudden death definitions did not report an elevated risk of death in lamotrigine users compared to controls. In 10 studies reporting on ECG measures, there was no statistically significant increased risk among lamotrigine users except in 2 studies. These 2 studies reported either "slight increases" in PR interval or an increased PQ interval that the primary study authors believed to be related to structural cardiac differences rather than an effect of lamotrigine. One study was rated Class II; all others were Class III or IV. We had very low confidence in the evidence following the GRADE assessment. None of the studies examined the risk of lamotrigine in people with preexisting cardiac conditions. DISCUSSION There is insufficient evidence to support or refute that lamotrigine is associated with sudden death or ECG changes in people with or without epilepsy as compared to antiseizure medication or placebo, due to the high risk of bias in most studies and low precision and inconsistency in the reported results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna W Bunschoten
- From the Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.W.B., J.W.S., R.D.T., M.R.K.), Heemstede; Department of Neurology (J.W.B., R.D.T.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; School of Public Health (N.H., M.R.K.) and Department of Neurosciences (M.R.K.), Université de Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (O.D., J.A.F.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (J.W.S., R.D.T.), London; and Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (J.W.S., R.D.T.), Chalfont St Peter, UK
| | - Nafisa Husein
- From the Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.W.B., J.W.S., R.D.T., M.R.K.), Heemstede; Department of Neurology (J.W.B., R.D.T.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; School of Public Health (N.H., M.R.K.) and Department of Neurosciences (M.R.K.), Université de Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (O.D., J.A.F.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (J.W.S., R.D.T.), London; and Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (J.W.S., R.D.T.), Chalfont St Peter, UK
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- From the Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.W.B., J.W.S., R.D.T., M.R.K.), Heemstede; Department of Neurology (J.W.B., R.D.T.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; School of Public Health (N.H., M.R.K.) and Department of Neurosciences (M.R.K.), Université de Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (O.D., J.A.F.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (J.W.S., R.D.T.), London; and Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (J.W.S., R.D.T.), Chalfont St Peter, UK
| | - Jacqueline A French
- From the Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.W.B., J.W.S., R.D.T., M.R.K.), Heemstede; Department of Neurology (J.W.B., R.D.T.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; School of Public Health (N.H., M.R.K.) and Department of Neurosciences (M.R.K.), Université de Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (O.D., J.A.F.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (J.W.S., R.D.T.), London; and Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (J.W.S., R.D.T.), Chalfont St Peter, UK
| | - Josemir W Sander
- From the Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.W.B., J.W.S., R.D.T., M.R.K.), Heemstede; Department of Neurology (J.W.B., R.D.T.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; School of Public Health (N.H., M.R.K.) and Department of Neurosciences (M.R.K.), Université de Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (O.D., J.A.F.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (J.W.S., R.D.T.), London; and Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (J.W.S., R.D.T.), Chalfont St Peter, UK
| | - Roland D Thijs
- From the Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.W.B., J.W.S., R.D.T., M.R.K.), Heemstede; Department of Neurology (J.W.B., R.D.T.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; School of Public Health (N.H., M.R.K.) and Department of Neurosciences (M.R.K.), Université de Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (O.D., J.A.F.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (J.W.S., R.D.T.), London; and Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (J.W.S., R.D.T.), Chalfont St Peter, UK
| | - Mark R Keezer
- From the Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.W.B., J.W.S., R.D.T., M.R.K.), Heemstede; Department of Neurology (J.W.B., R.D.T.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; School of Public Health (N.H., M.R.K.) and Department of Neurosciences (M.R.K.), Université de Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (O.D., J.A.F.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (J.W.S., R.D.T.), London; and Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (J.W.S., R.D.T.), Chalfont St Peter, UK
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The Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Well-Being of College Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095089. [PMID: 35564484 PMCID: PMC9100955 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an overall increase in stress and depression in society. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the psychological condition of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic and explore factors influencing their daily functioning. The study focused on four main aspects such as mental well-being, sexuality, concern about financial status, and trust in medical authorities. The study was based on a specially designed survey. The questionnaire was created using Google Forms and shared on social media sites. A total of 630 students participated in the survey, 17 surveys were excluded due to incomplete data and 613 surveys (97.30%) were considered for the final analysis. During isolation, 68.0% of students experienced fear of missing out (FOMO). A total of 73.4% were frustrated due to spending a lot of time in front of a computer. A significant decrease in motivation to study was reported by 78.1% of the respondents. Students showed significantly different attitudes towards sexuality. Concern about the financial situation was reported by 48.7% of respondents. The state of the Polish economy was of concern to 86.4% of respondents. A total of 74.5% of students declared concern about their career development. During the pandemic, 59.0% of respondents became concerned about their health. The attitude towards vaccination was described as positive by 82.5% of the respondents. The percentage of respondents experiencing negative psychological effects relative to the overall epidemiological situation of COVID-19 is troubling. Given the unexpected length and severity of the pandemic, we suggest that students’ concerns be more thoroughly understood and addressed.
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Lintott L, Beringer R, Do A, Daudt H. A rapid review of end-of-life needs in the LGBTQ+ community and recommendations for clinicians. Palliat Med 2022; 36:609-624. [PMID: 35176932 PMCID: PMC9006390 DOI: 10.1177/02692163221078475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer plus (LGBTQ+) adults face challenges accessing end-of-life care. Understanding the experiences of LGBTQ+ persons within the end-of-life context is crucial in addressing their needs and supporting equity at end of life. AIM Review recent literature documenting the experiences of LGBTQ+ adults nearing end-of-life, identifying needs, barriers to care, and translating this into clinical recommendations. DESIGN A rapid review design was chosen for prompt results. The process was streamlined by limiting the literature search to peer-reviewed articles, dissertations, theses, by date and language. Data collection used a predetermined set of items based on Meyer's Minority Stress and Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Models including participants' voices, needs, and barriers. Thematic analysis of collected data was conducted and presented results in a narrative summary. DATA SOURCES We searched six electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses A&I, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Open Access Theses and Dissertations, CINAHL, and Google Scholar) for articles published from 2016 to 2020. RESULTS We included and appraised for quality 33 articles. We uncovered three latent themes: systemic barriers, a lack of lived experience within the literature, and treatment of LGBTQ+ as one homogeneous group. CONCLUSIONS The hybrid Meyer's Minority Stress and Bronfenbrenner Ecological model elucidated how stressors and social contexts may impact LGBTQ+ adults when accessing end-of-life care. Incorporating LGBTQ+ cultural competence training into continuing education and ensuring that LGBTQ+ individuals participate in the development of end-of-life care programming may better attend to the needs of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Lintott
- School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Robert Beringer
- School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,CIHR Health Systems Impact Postdoctoral Fellow/Victoria Hospice and The Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Annie Do
- Community Education Facilitator, Research and Education, Victoria Hospice, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Helena Daudt
- Director of Education and Research, Victoria Hospice, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Waste to Energy in Developing Countries—A Rapid Review: Opportunities, Challenges, and Policies in Selected Countries of Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia towards Sustainability. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14073740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Daily per capita waste generation will increase by 40% and 19%, for developing and developed countries by 2050, respectively. The World Bank estimates that total waste generation is going to triple in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and double in South Asia (SA) by 2050. This article conducts a rapid review and aims to demonstrate the current waste management scenario and the potential of waste to energy generation in the developing world, focusing on SSA and SA. Although many review articles related to waste to energy (WtE) in developing countries are available in the literature, a rapid review particularly focusing on countries in SSA and SA is rarely seen. An analysis of different WtE generation technologies, and current waste management practices in developing countries in SSA and SA are also presented. The analysis shows that about three-fourths of waste is openly dumped in developing countries of SSA and SA. In terms of waste composition, on average, about 48.70% and 51.16% of waste generated in developing economies of SSA and SA are organic. Opportunities to convert this waste into energy for developing countries are highlighted, with a case study of Bangladesh, a country in SA. Major challenges regarding the waste to energy (WtE) projects in the developing world are found to be the composition of waste, absence of waste separation scheme at source, ineffective waste collection method, lack of suitable WtE generation technology in place, lack of financial support and policies related to a WtE project, and absence of coordination between different governmental institutions.
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Patwary MM, Alam MA, Bardhan M, Disha AS, Haque MZ, Billah SM, Kabir MP, Browning MHEM, Rahman MM, Parsa AD, Kabir R. COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance among Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries: A Rapid Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:427. [PMID: 35335059 PMCID: PMC8950670 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Widespread vaccination against COVID-19 is critical for controlling the pandemic. Despite the development of safe and efficacious vaccinations, low-and lower-middle income countries (LMICs) continue to encounter barriers to care owing to inequitable access and vaccine apprehension. This study aimed to summarize the available data on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates and factors associated with acceptance in LMICs. A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception through August 2021. Quality assessments of the included studies were carried out using the eight-item Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies. We performed a meta-analysis to estimate pooled acceptance rates with 95% confidence intervals (CI). A total of 36 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. A total of 83,867 respondents from 33 countries were studied. Most of the studies were conducted in India (n = 9), Egypt (n = 6), Bangladesh (n = 4), or Nigeria (n = 4). The pooled-effect size of the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate was 58.5% (95% CI: 46.9, 69.7, I2 = 100%, 33 studies) and the pooled vaccine hesitancy rate was 38.2% (95% CI: 27.2-49.7, I2 = 100%, 32 studies). In country-specific sub-group analyses, India showed the highest rates of vaccine acceptancy (76.7%, 95% CI: 65.8-84.9%, I2= 98%), while Egypt showed the lowest rates of vaccine acceptancy (42.6%, 95% CI: 16.6-73.5%, I2= 98%). Being male and perceiving risk of COVID-19 infection were predictors for willingness to accept the vaccine. Increasing vaccine acceptance rates in the global south should be prioritized to advance global vaccination coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mainuddin Patwary
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh; (M.B.); (A.S.D.); (M.Z.H.); (S.M.B.); (M.P.K.)
- Environmental Science Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashraful Alam
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
- Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo 106-6234, Japan
| | - Mondira Bardhan
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh; (M.B.); (A.S.D.); (M.Z.H.); (S.M.B.); (M.P.K.)
- Environmental Science Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Asma Safia Disha
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh; (M.B.); (A.S.D.); (M.Z.H.); (S.M.B.); (M.P.K.)
- Environmental Science Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Zahidul Haque
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh; (M.B.); (A.S.D.); (M.Z.H.); (S.M.B.); (M.P.K.)
- Environmental Science Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Sharif Mutasim Billah
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh; (M.B.); (A.S.D.); (M.Z.H.); (S.M.B.); (M.P.K.)
- Environmental Science Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Md Pervez Kabir
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh; (M.B.); (A.S.D.); (M.Z.H.); (S.M.B.); (M.P.K.)
- Environmental Science Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Mizanur Rahman
- Hitotsubashi Institute for Advanced Study, Hitotsubashi University, 2-1 Naka Kunitachi, Tokyo 186-8601, Japan;
| | - Ali Davod Parsa
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, UK; (A.D.P.); (R.K.)
| | - Russell Kabir
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, UK; (A.D.P.); (R.K.)
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Cant R, Cooper S, Ryan C. Using virtual simulation to teach evidence-based practice in nursing curricula: A rapid review. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2022; 19:415-422. [PMID: 35261156 DOI: 10.1111/wvn.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virtual simulation is an interactive teaching and learning strategy used in undergraduate nursing student education, especially since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Few published studies have reviewed the impact of virtual simulation as a strategy for teaching nursing students the elements of evidence-based practice. AIM To describe types of virtual simulation that are relevant to nursing student education and examine how these modalities are applied to teach elements of evidence-based practice. METHODS A rapid review of literature was conducted to discern the use and impact of virtual simulation. Thirty-seven studies published between 2017 and May 2021 that addressed nursing students' educational outcomes were reviewed and summarized as a narrative analysis. RESULTS Virtual simulation and virtual reality simulation engage learners in role-plays via a computer screen or hand-held phone. Various levels of realism and immersion were apparent across different modalities and with the utilization of educational games. Most studies related to the teaching of best practice evidence-based clinical nursing topics. Twenty primary studies reported objective measures of students' improvement such as knowledge, performance, better documentation, or communication accuracy. Sixteen studies that measured knowledge identified significant knowledge gains. All studies endorsed virtual simulation as a teaching method. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION Virtual simulation approaches offer an innovative and feasible option for teaching nursing students. Such approaches should be included in undergraduate nursing curricula. While it is apparent that evidence-based practice guidelines inform the design of the virtual simulation scenarios, the effectiveness of the modality for teaching specific elements of evidence-based practice to nursing students is not yet confirmed. Nursing curricula need to include ways of teaching nursing students to search for and critically appraise trustworthy sources of knowledge for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Cant
- School of Health, Federation University Australia, Berwick, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon Cooper
- School of Health, Federation University Australia, Berwick, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colleen Ryan
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Holjak EJB, Savinova I, Nelson VL, Ogilvie LM, Ng AM, Edgett BA, Platt MJ, Brunt KR, Ask K, Simpson JA. An Evaluation of Cardiac Health in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Colony: Implications of Evolutionary Driven Increases in Concentric Hypertrophy. Am J Hypertens 2022; 35:264-271. [PMID: 34605538 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpab155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR) Colony was established in 1963 and is the most commonly used rodent model for studying heart failure (HF). Ideally, animal models should recapitulate the clinical disease as closely as possible. Any drift in a genetic model may create a new model that no longer adequately represents the human pathology. Further, instability overtime may lead to conflicting data between laboratories and/or irreproducible results. While systolic blood pressure (SBP) is closely monitored during inbreeding, the sequelae of HF (e.g., cardiac hypertrophy) are not. Thus, the object of this review was to investigate whether the hypertension-induced sequelae of HF in the SHR have remained stable after decades of inbreeding. METHODS A systematic review was performed to evaluate indices of cardiovascular health in the SHR over the past 60 years. For post hoc statistical analyses, studies were separated into 2 cohorts: Initial (mid to late 1900s) and Current (early 2000s to present) Colony SHRs. Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were used as controls. RESULTS SBP was consistent between Initial and Current Colony SHRs. However, Current Colony SHRs presented with increased concentric hypertrophy (i.e., elevated heart weight and posterior wall thickness) while cardiac output remained consistent. Since these changes were not observed in the WKY controls, cardiac-derived changes in Current Colony SHRs were unlikely due to differences in environmental conditions. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data firmly establish a cardiac-based phenotypic shift in the SHR model and provide important insights into the beneficial function of concentric hypertrophy in hypertension-induced HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J B Holjak
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iryna Savinova
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- IMPART Investigator Team, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Victoria L Nelson
- IMPART Investigator Team, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Leslie M Ogilvie
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- IMPART Investigator Team, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Anabelle M Ng
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brittany A Edgett
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- IMPART Investigator Team, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Mathew J Platt
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keith R Brunt
- IMPART Investigator Team, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Kjetil Ask
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy A Simpson
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- IMPART Investigator Team, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
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Aouad P, Bryant E, Maloney D, Marks P, Le A, Russell H, Hay P, Miskovic-Wheatley J, Touyz S, Maguire S. Informing the development of Australia's National Eating Disorders Research and Translation Strategy: a rapid review methodology. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:31. [PMID: 35246250 PMCID: PMC8895520 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating disorders (EDs) are highly complex mental illnesses associated with significant medical complications. There are currently knowledge gaps in research relating to the epidemiology, aetiology, treatment, burden, and outcomes of eating disorders. To clearly identify and begin addressing the major deficits in the scientific, medical, and clinical understanding of these mental illnesses, the Australian Government Department of Health in 2019 funded the InsideOut Institute (IOI) to develop the Australian Eating Disorder Research and Translation Strategy, the primary aim of which was to identify priorities and targets for building research capacity and outputs. A series of rapid reviews (RR) were conducted to map the current state of knowledge, identify evidence gaps, and inform development of the national research strategy. Published peer-reviewed literature on DSM-5 listed EDs, across eight knowledge domains was reviewed: (1) population, prevalence, disease burden, Quality of Life in Western developed countries; (2) risk factors; (3) co-occurring conditions and medical complications; (4) screening and diagnosis; (5) prevention and early intervention; (6) psychotherapies and relapse prevention; (7) models of care; (8) pharmacotherapies, alternative and adjunctive therapies; and (9) outcomes (including mortality). While RRs are systematic in nature, they are distinct from systematic reviews in their aim to gather evidence in a timely manner to support decision-making on urgent or high-priority health concerns at the national level. RESULTS Three medical science databases were searched as the primary source of literature for the RRs: Science Direct, PubMed and OVID (Medline). The search was completed on 31st May 2021 (spanning January 2009-May 2021). At writing, a total of 1,320 articles met eligibility criteria and were included in the final review. CONCLUSIONS For each RR, the evidence has been organised to review the knowledge area and identify gaps for further research and investment. The series of RRs (published separately within the current series) are designed to support the development of research and translation practice in the field of EDs. They highlight areas for investment and investigation, and provide researchers, service planners and providers, and research funders rapid access to quality current evidence, which has been synthesised and organised to assist decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Aouad
- Inside Out Institute, University of Sydney & Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre (D17), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Emma Bryant
- Inside Out Institute, University of Sydney & Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Danielle Maloney
- Inside Out Institute, University of Sydney & Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peta Marks
- Inside Out Institute, University of Sydney & Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anvi Le
- Healthcare Management Advisors, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Haley Russell
- Inside Out Institute, University of Sydney & Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jane Miskovic-Wheatley
- Inside Out Institute, University of Sydney & Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Touyz
- Inside Out Institute, University of Sydney & Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah Maguire
- Inside Out Institute, University of Sydney & Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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ACCURACY OF INTRAORAL SCANNERS VERSUS TRADITIONAL IMPRESSIONS: A RAPID UMBRELLA REVIEW. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2022; 22:101719. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2022.101719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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73
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Cellular immunity in BK polyomavirus associated nephropathy following adult kidney transplantation. TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tpr.2022.100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Tricco AC, Khalil H, Holly C, Feyissa G, Godfrey C, Evans C, Sawchuck D, Sudhakar M, Asahngwa C, Stannard D, Abdulahi M, Bonnano L, Aromataris E, McInerney P, Wilson R, Pang D, Wang Z, Cardoso AF, Peters MDJ, Marnie C, Barker T, Pollock D, McArthur A, Munn Z. Rapid reviews and the methodological rigor of evidence synthesis: a JBI position statement. JBI Evid Synth 2022; 20:944-949. [PMID: 35124684 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-21-00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The demand for rapid reviews has exploded in recent years. A rapid review is an approach to evidence synthesis that provides timely information to decision-makers (eg, health care planners, providers, policymakers, and patients) by simplifying the evidence synthesis process. A rapid review is particularly appealing for urgent decisions.JBI is a world-renowned international collaboration for evidence synthesis and implementation methodologies. The principles for JBI evidence synthesis include comprehensiveness, rigor, transparency, and a focus on applicability to clinical practice. As such, JBI has not yet endorsed a specific approach for rapid reviews.In this paper, we compare rapid reviews versus other types of evidence synthesis, provide a range of rapid evidence products, outline how to appraise the quality of rapid reviews, and present the JBI position on rapid reviews. JBI-affiliated Centers conduct rapid reviews for decision-makers in specific circumstances, such as limited time or funding constraints. A standardized approach is not used for these cases; instead, the evidence synthesis methods are tailored to the needs of the decision-maker.The urgent need to deliver timely evidence to decision-makers poses challenges to JBI's mission to produce high quality, trustworthy evidence. However, JBI recognizes the value of rapid reviews as part of the evidence synthesis ecosystem. As such, it is recommended that rapid reviews be conducted with the same methodological rigor and transparency expected of JBI reviews. Most importantly, transparency is essential, and the rapid review should clearly report where any simplification in the steps of the evidence synthesis process have been taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Tricco
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Epidemiology Division and Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada.; Queen's Collaboration for Health Care Quality: A JBI Centre of Excellence, School of Nursing, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada School of Psychology and Public Health, College of Science, Health & Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia The Northeast Institute for Evidence Synthesis and Translation (NEST): A JBI Centre of Excellence, Rutgers University School of Nursing, Newark, NJ, USA Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Queen's Collaboration for Health Care Quality: A JBI Centre of Excellence, School of Nursing, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada The Nottingham Centre for Evidence Based Healthcare: JBI Centre of Excellence, School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK University of Victoria (UVic) Centre for Evidence-informed Nursing and Healthcare (CEiNHC): A JBI Centre of Excellence, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada Ethiopian Evidence Based Health Care Centre, Department of Health, Behaviour and Society, Public Health Faculty, Jimma Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia The Cameroon Centre for Evidence Based Health Care: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Yaounde, Cameroon San Francisco State University School of Nursing, San Francisco, CA, USA. Department of Population and Family Health, Public Health Faculty, Jimma Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia The Louisiana Centre for Promoting Optimal Health Outcomes: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans School of Nursing, New Orleans, LA, USA JBI, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia The Wits JBI-Affiliated Centre for Evidence-Based Practice, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Peking University Health Science Centre for Evidence-based Nursing: A JBI Affiliated Group, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China Portugal Centre for Evidence Based Practice: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA:E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Portugal Rosemary Bryant AO Research Centre, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Adelaide Nursing School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Centre for Evidence-based Practice South Australia (CEPSA): A JBI Centre of Excellence, SA, Australia Rosemary Bryant AO Research Centre, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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75
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Owen N, Dew L, Logan S, Denegri S, Chappell LC. Research policy for people with multiple long-term conditions and their carers. JOURNAL OF MULTIMORBIDITY AND COMORBIDITY 2022; 12:26335565221104407. [PMID: 35721799 PMCID: PMC9201348 DOI: 10.1177/26335565221104407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
People with multiple long-term conditions (MLTC) are a growing population, not only in
the United Kingdom but internationally. Health and care systems need to adapt to rise to
this challenge. Policymakers need to better understand how medical education and training,
and service configuration and delivery should change to meet the needs of people with MLTC
and their carers. A series of workshops with people with MLTC and carers across the
life-course identified areas of unmet need including the impact of stigma; poorly
coordinated care designed around single conditions; inadequate communication and
consultations that focus on clinical outcomes rather than patient-oriented goals and
imperfectly integrate mental and physical wellbeing. Research which embeds the patient
voice at its centre, from inception to implementation, can provide the evidence to drive
the change to patient-centred, coordinated care. This should not only improve the lives of
people living with MLTC and their carers but also create a health and care system which is
more effective and efficient. The challenge of MLTC needs to be bought to the fore and it
will require joint effort by policymakers, practitioners, systems leaders, educators, the
third sector and those living with MLTC to design a health and care system from the
perspective of patients and carers, and provide practitioners with the skills and tools
needed to provide the highest quality care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Owen
- Science, Research & Evidence Directorate, Department of Health and Social Care, London, UK
| | - Leanne Dew
- Science, Research & Evidence Directorate, Department of Health and Social Care, London, UK
| | - Stuart Logan
- NIHR PenARC, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Lucy C Chappell
- Science, Research & Evidence Directorate, Department of Health and Social Care, London, UK
- School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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Dellafiore F, Arrigoni C, Nania T, Caruso R, Baroni I, Vangone I, Russo S, Barello S. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on family caregivers' mental health: a rapid systematic review of the current evidence. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2022; 93:e2022154. [PMID: 35545977 PMCID: PMC9534216 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v93is2.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK Older adults, especially in isolation and with cognitive decline/dementia, can become more anxious and stressed during the quarantine. All these symptoms negatively affect the psycho-physical health of their caregivers. This study aimed to synthesize the current evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on caregivers' mental health. METHODS A rapid systematic review was conducted using the following databases: Pubmed/Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, and PsycInfo (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020215485). The 'PRISMA' flow chart guided the selection of articles. The search was entirely performed up to September 15th, 2021. RESULTS The narrative synthesis has brought out two main themes that represent the current debate in literature: "Family caregivers COVID-19 related stress", and "(Mal)adaptive strategies to the "new" normality". CONCLUSIONS This study provides an evidence synthesis of the negative mental health impact experienced by caregivers of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Dellafiore
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Hygiene, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Arrigoni
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Hygiene, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tiziana Nania
- Health Professions Research and Development Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato (MI), Department of Psychology, EngageMinds HUB – Consumer, Food & Health Engagement Research Center, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosario Caruso
- Health Professions Research and Development Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato (MI)
| | - Irene Baroni
- Health Professions Research and Development Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato (MI)
| | - Ida Vangone
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, IEO IEO-European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Russo
- Nursing degree course, University of Pavia, section Istituti Clinici di Pavia e Vigevano S.p.A., Pavia, Italy
| | - Serena Barello
- Department of Psychology, EngageMinds HUB – Consumer, Food & Health Engagement Research Center, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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Blay N, Sousa MS, Rowles M, Murray‐Parahi P. The community nurse in Australia. Who are they? A rapid systematic review. J Nurs Manag 2022; 30:154-168. [PMID: 34634180 PMCID: PMC9298142 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to profile the community nurse in Australia. BACKGROUND The need for nurses in the community health care sector is increasing in response to shorter hospital stays, an aging population and chronic disease. The increase in demand has not been followed by appropriate workforce planning, leading to structural issues and lack of qualified nursing workforce in the community sector. EVALUATION MEDLINE and ProQuest Public Health and grey literature were searched for records published between 2010 and 2020 relative to the profile of the community nurse in Australia. Twenty-five records (21 publications, 2 databases and 2 reports) were included in the review. Abstracted data followed the principles of workforce planning and included demographics, qualifications and roles. KEY ISSUES Inconsistent definitions, self-reported data and a focus on practice nurses have contributed to data irregularities. Little is known about the specific aspects of community nursing work. CONCLUSION A lack of concrete data has overshadowed a community nursing workforce crisis with implications for patients' health and safety across the lifespan. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT There is urgent need for nurse managers globally to refocus nursing recruitment to the community sector to maintain quality and ensure sustainability of the nursing workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Blay
- Centre for Applied Nursing Research, School of Nursing and MidwiferyWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
- Centre for Applied Nursing Research (CANR)Ingham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchLiverpoolNew South WalesAustralia
- Nursing and MidwiferySouth Western Sydney Local Health DistrictLiverpoolNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Mariana S. Sousa
- Centre for Applied Nursing Research, School of Nursing and MidwiferyWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
- Nursing and MidwiferySouth Western Sydney Local Health DistrictLiverpoolNew South WalesAustralia
- Faculty of HealthUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Mick Rowles
- Nursing and MidwiferySouth Western Sydney Local Health DistrictLiverpoolNew South WalesAustralia
- Primary and Community Health DivisionSouth Western Sydney Local Health DistrictLiverpoolNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Pauline Murray‐Parahi
- Centre for Applied Nursing Research, School of Nursing and MidwiferyWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
- Nursing and MidwiferySouth Western Sydney Local Health DistrictLiverpoolNew South WalesAustralia
- Faculty of HealthUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
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Opportunities to improve reporting of rapid response in health technology assessment. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 2021; 38:e4. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266462321000635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Mini health technology assessment (HTA) reports have been used to support policy makers and health systems by providing a timely summary of scientific evidence. The objective of this meta-epidemiologic study was to evaluate the quality of reporting of mini-HTA reports published in Brazil.
Methods
An electronic search for all mini-HTA reports published between 2014 and March 2019 was conducted in the SISREBRATS and CONITEC databases. The study selection and data extraction were performed by two independent assessors. The following data were extracted: bibliographic data; research question; characteristics of the population, health technologies and outcomes assessed; eligibility criteria; information about searches and study selection; risk of bias assessment; quality of evidence assessment; synthesis of results; and recommendation about the technology evaluated. A descriptive analysis was used to summarize the information retrieved from all the included mini-HTA reports.
Results
We included 103 mini-HTA reports, the great majority of which (92.3 percent) focused on the coverage of the technologies in the healthcare system, with more than 60 percent being about drugs. Only five mini-HTA reports (4.8 percent) gave reasons for the choice of outcomes, and fifteen (14.5 percent) discriminated between primary and secondary outcomes. All mini-HTAs reported the databases searched and 99 percent of them reported using Medline. Sixty percent of the mini-HTA reported assessing the risk of bias, and 52 percent reported assessing the quality of evidence.
Conclusion
The quality of reporting of the mini-HTA reports performed in Brazil is insufficient and needs to be improved to guarantee transparency and replicability.
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Ekberg S, Parry R, Land V, Ekberg K, Pino M, Antaki C, Jenkins L, Whittaker B. Communicating with patients and families about illness progression and end of life: a review of studies using direct observation of clinical practice. BMC Palliat Care 2021; 20:186. [PMID: 34876096 PMCID: PMC8651503 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-021-00876-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing recognition that a diverse range of healthcare professionals need competence in palliative approaches to care. Effective communication is a core component of such practice. This article informs evidence-based communication about illness progression and end of life through a rapid review of studies that directly observe how experienced clinicians manage such discussions. METHODS The current rapid review updates findings of a 2014 systematic review, focussing more specifically on evidence related to illness progression and end-of-life conversations. Literature searches were conducted in nine bibliographic databases. Studies using conversation analysis or discourse analysis to examine recordings of actual conversations about illness progression or end of life were eligible for inclusion in the review. An aggregative approach was used to synthesise the findings of included studies. RESULTS Following screening, 26 sources were deemed to meet eligibility criteria. Synthesis of study findings identified the structure and functioning of ten communication practices used in discussions about illness progression and end-of-life. CONCLUSION The ten practices identified underpin five evidence-based recommendations for communicating with patients or family members about illness progression and end of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Ekberg
- School of Psychology & Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia.,Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ruth Parry
- School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Loughborough University, Brockington Building, Epinal Way, Margaret Keay Road, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Victoria Land
- School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Loughborough University, Brockington Building, Epinal Way, Margaret Keay Road, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Katie Ekberg
- School of Early Childhood & Inclusive Education, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia.,School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Marco Pino
- School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Loughborough University, Brockington Building, Epinal Way, Margaret Keay Road, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Charles Antaki
- School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Loughborough University, Brockington Building, Epinal Way, Margaret Keay Road, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Laura Jenkins
- School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Loughborough University, Brockington Building, Epinal Way, Margaret Keay Road, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Becky Whittaker
- School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Loughborough University, Brockington Building, Epinal Way, Margaret Keay Road, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
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Beecher C, Toomey E, Maeso B, Whiting C, Stewart DC, Worrall A, Elliott J, Smith M, Tierney T, Blackwood B, Maguire T, Kampman M, Ling B, Gravel C, Gill C, Healy P, Houghton C, Booth A, Garritty C, Thomas J, Tricco AC, Burke NN, Keenan C, Westmore M, Devane D. What are the most important unanswered research questions on rapid review methodology? A James Lind Alliance research methodology Priority Setting Partnership: the Priority III study protocol. HRB Open Res 2021; 4:80. [PMID: 34693206 PMCID: PMC8506222 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13321.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The value of rapid reviews in informing health care decisions is more evident since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While systematic reviews can be completed rapidly, rapid reviews are usually a type of evidence synthesis in which components of the systematic review process may be simplified or omitted to produce information more efficiently within constraints of time, expertise, funding or any combination thereof. There is an absence of high-quality evidence underpinning some decisions about how we plan, do and share rapid reviews. We will conduct a modified James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership to determine the top 10 unanswered research questions about how we plan, do and share rapid reviews in collaboration with patients, public, reviewers, researchers, clinicians, policymakers and funders. Methods: An international steering group consisting of key stakeholder perspectives (patients, the public, reviewers, researchers, clinicians, policymakers and funders) will facilitate broad reach, recruitment and participation across stakeholder groups. An initial online survey will identify stakeholders' perceptions of research uncertainties about how we plan, do and share rapid reviews. Responses will be categorised to generate a long list of questions. The list will be checked against systematic reviews published within the past three years to identify if the question is unanswered. A second online stakeholder survey will rank the long list in order of priority. Finally, a virtual consensus workshop of key stakeholders will agree on the top 10 unanswered questions. Discussion: Research prioritisation is an important means for minimising research waste and ensuring that research resources are targeted towards answering the most important questions. Identifying the top 10 rapid review methodology research priorities will help target research to improve how we plan, do and share rapid reviews and ultimately enhance the use of high-quality synthesised evidence to inform health care policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Beecher
- Evidence Synthesis Ireland and Cochrane Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Elaine Toomey
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Beccy Maeso
- James Lind Alliance, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Derek C Stewart
- Honorary Professor, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrew Worrall
- Public co-author, Evidence Synthesis Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Public co-author, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Jim Elliott
- Public co-author, Evidence Synthesis Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Maureen Smith
- Public co-author, Cochrane Consumer Network Executive, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Theresa Tierney
- Patient Partner, HRB Primary Care Clinical Trials Network Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Bronagh Blackwood
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | | | - Christopher Gravel
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Patricia Healy
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Catherine Houghton
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrew Booth
- School of Health And Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - James Thomas
- EPPI-Centre, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea C Tricco
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Epidemiology Division and Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Queen's Collaboration for Health Care Quality JBI Centre of Excellence, School of Nursing, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nikita N Burke
- Evidence Synthesis Ireland and Cochrane Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ciara Keenan
- Campbell UK & Ireland, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Declan Devane
- Evidence Synthesis Ireland and Cochrane Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Health Research Board- Trials Methodology Research Network, Galway, Ireland
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81
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Beecher C, Toomey E, Maeso B, Whiting C, Stewart DC, Worrall A, Elliott J, Smith M, Tierney T, Blackwood B, Maguire T, Kampman M, Ling B, Gravel C, Gill C, Healy P, Houghton C, Booth A, Garritty C, Thomas J, Tricco AC, Burke NN, Keenan C, Westmore M, Devane D. What are the most important unanswered research questions on rapid review methodology? A James Lind Alliance research methodology Priority Setting Partnership: the Priority III study protocol. HRB Open Res 2021; 4:80. [PMID: 34693206 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13321.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The value of rapid reviews in informing health care decisions is more evident since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While systematic reviews can be completed rapidly, rapid reviews are usually a type of evidence synthesis in which components of the systematic review process may be simplified or omitted to produce information more efficiently within constraints of time, expertise, funding or any combination thereof. There is an absence of high-quality evidence underpinning some decisions about how we plan, do and share rapid reviews. We will conduct a modified James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership to determine the top 10 unanswered research questions about how we plan, do and share rapid reviews in collaboration with patients, public, reviewers, researchers, clinicians, policymakers and funders. Methods: An international steering group consisting of key stakeholder perspectives (patients, the public, reviewers, researchers, clinicians, policymakers and funders) will facilitate broad reach, recruitment and participation across stakeholder groups. An initial online survey will identify stakeholders' perceptions of research uncertainties about how we plan, do and share rapid reviews. Responses will be categorised to generate a long list of questions. The list will be checked against systematic reviews published within the past three years to identify if the question is unanswered. A second online stakeholder survey will rank the long list in order of priority. Finally, a virtual consensus workshop of key stakeholders will agree on the top 10 unanswered questions. Discussion: Research prioritisation is an important means for minimising research waste and ensuring that research resources are targeted towards answering the most important questions. Identifying the top 10 rapid review methodology research priorities will help target research to improve how we plan, do and share rapid reviews and ultimately enhance the use of high-quality synthesised evidence to inform health care policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Beecher
- Evidence Synthesis Ireland and Cochrane Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Elaine Toomey
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Beccy Maeso
- James Lind Alliance, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Derek C Stewart
- Honorary Professor, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrew Worrall
- Public co-author, Evidence Synthesis Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Public co-author, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Jim Elliott
- Public co-author, Evidence Synthesis Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Maureen Smith
- Public co-author, Cochrane Consumer Network Executive, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Theresa Tierney
- Patient Partner, HRB Primary Care Clinical Trials Network Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Bronagh Blackwood
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | | | - Christopher Gravel
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Patricia Healy
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Catherine Houghton
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrew Booth
- School of Health And Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - James Thomas
- EPPI-Centre, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea C Tricco
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Epidemiology Division and Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Queen's Collaboration for Health Care Quality JBI Centre of Excellence, School of Nursing, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nikita N Burke
- Evidence Synthesis Ireland and Cochrane Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ciara Keenan
- Campbell UK & Ireland, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Declan Devane
- Evidence Synthesis Ireland and Cochrane Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Health Research Board- Trials Methodology Research Network, Galway, Ireland
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82
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Barrios V, Soronen J, Carter AM, Anastassopoulou A. Lipid management across Europe in the real-world setting: a rapid evidence review. Curr Med Res Opin 2021; 37:2049-2059. [PMID: 34517739 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2021.1973396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a contemporary overview of recent real-world lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) practices and outcomes in patients with hypercholesterolemia/dyslipidemia at high/very high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in Europe. METHODS A structured literature review of recent (July 2015-July 2020) real-world studies reporting lipid management and outcomes was conducted using a rapid evidence synthesis. Outcomes included patient characteristics, LLT treatment practices, adherence and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goal attainment. RESULTS Fifty-three real-world observational studies in high/very high risk patients were selected after screening 5664 records (n = 50 national [sample size range 38-237,279] and n = 3 multinational studies [sample size range 6648-8456]). Mean age ranged from 33 to 77 years; hypertension, diabetes and obesity were commonly reported comorbidities. Statins were the most common LLT; patients without familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) mostly received high or moderate intensity statins/LLT, while patients with FH mostly received high intensity statins/LLT. The proportion of patients receiving ezetimibe was low overall (ezetimibe + statin use in those with and without familial hypercholesterolemia [FH] range 5%-59% and 1%-22%, respectively). Overall, the use of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 inhibitor (PCSK9i) therapy was limited. Adherence to LLT therapies was defined variably and ranged from 46%-92%. LDL-C goal attainment was suboptimal, irrespective of LLT (overall range in goal attainment with oral LLT was 2%-73% [FH: 2%-23%] and with PCSK9i was 20%-65%). CONCLUSIONS LDL-C control is suboptimal and the available LLT armamentarium, most importantly combination therapy, is being underutilized in high/very high risk patients leading to inadequate management of cardiovascular risk.
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83
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Koivu AM, Hunter PJ, Näsänen-Gilmore P, Muthiani Y, Isojärvi J, Pörtfors P, Ashorn U, Ashorn P. Modular literature review: a novel systematic search and review method to support priority setting in health policy and practice. BMC Med Res Methodol 2021; 21:268. [PMID: 34837952 PMCID: PMC8627616 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-021-01463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an unmet need for review methods to support priority-setting, policy-making and strategic planning when a wide variety of interventions from differing disciplines may have the potential to impact a health outcome of interest. This article describes a Modular Literature Review, a novel systematic search and review method that employs systematic search strategies together with a hierarchy-based appraisal and synthesis of the resulting evidence. METHODS We designed the Modular Review to examine the effects of 43 interventions on a health problem of global significance. Using the PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study design) framework, we developed a single four-module search template in which population, comparison and outcome modules were the same for each search and the intervention module was different for each of the 43 interventions. A series of literature searches were performed in five databases, followed by screening, extraction and analysis of data. "ES documents", source documents for effect size (ES) estimates, were systematically identified based on a hierarchy of evidence. The evidence was categorised according to the likely effect on the outcome and presented in a standardised format with quantitative effect estimates, meta-analyses and narrative reporting. We compared the Modular Review to other review methods in health research for its strengths and limitations. RESULTS The Modular Review method was used to review the impact of 46 antenatal interventions on four specified birth outcomes within 12 months. A total of 61,279 records were found; 35,244 were screened by title-abstract. Six thousand two hundred seventy-two full articles were reviewed against the inclusion criteria resulting in 365 eligible articles. CONCLUSIONS The Modular Review preserves principles that have traditionally been important to systematic reviews but can address multiple research questions simultaneously. The result is an accessible, reliable answer to the question of "what works?". Thus, it is a well-suited literature review method to support prioritisation, decisions and planning to implement an agenda for health improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia J Hunter
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Pieta Näsänen-Gilmore
- Tampere University, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Pia Pörtfors
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- Tampere University, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Per Ashorn
- Tampere University, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland
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84
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Desborough J, Dykgraaf SH, Phillips C, Wright M, Maddox R, Davis S, Kidd M. Lessons for the global primary care response to COVID-19: a rapid review of evidence from past epidemics. Fam Pract 2021; 38:811-825. [PMID: 33586769 PMCID: PMC7928916 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmaa142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is the fifth and most significant infectious disease epidemic this century. Primary health care providers, which include those working in primary care and public health roles, have critical responsibilities in the management of health emergencies. OBJECTIVE To synthesize accounts of primary care lessons learnt from past epidemics and their relevance to COVID-19. METHODS We conducted a review of lessons learnt from previous infectious disease epidemics for primary care, and their relevance to COVID-19. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, PROQUEST and Google Scholar, hand-searched reference lists of included studies, and included research identified through professional contacts. RESULTS Of 173 publications identified, 31 publications describing experiences of four epidemics in 11 countries were included. Synthesis of findings identified six key lessons: (i) improve collaboration, communication and integration between public health and primary care; (ii) strengthen the primary health care system; (iii) provide consistent, coordinated and reliable information emanating from a trusted source; (iv) define the role of primary care during pandemics; (v) protect the primary care workforce and the community and (vi) evaluate the effectiveness of interventions. CONCLUSIONS Evidence highlights distinct challenges to integrating and supporting primary care in response to infectious disease epidemics that have persisted over time, emerging again during COVID-19. These insights provide an opportunity for strengthening, and improved preparedness, that cannot be ignored in a world where the frequency, virility and global reach of infectious disease outbreaks are increasing. It is not too soon to plan for the next pandemic, which may already be on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Desborough
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra Australia
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Sally Hall Dykgraaf
- Australian National University Rural Clinical School, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Christine Phillips
- Australian National University Medical School, College of Health and Medicine Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Michael Wright
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation (CHERE), University Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Raglan Maddox
- COVID-19 Primary Care Response Group, Australian Department of Health, Canberra, Australia
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Stephanie Davis
- COVID-19 Primary Care Response Group, Australian Department of Health, Canberra, Australia
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Michael Kidd
- Australian Government Department of Health, Canberra, Australia
- College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Family Medicine and Primary Care, Geneva, Switzerland
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Southgate Institute for Health, Society and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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85
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Khorram-Manesh A, Burkle FM, Goniewicz K, Robinson Y. Estimating the Number of Civilian Casualties in Modern Armed Conflicts-A Systematic Review. Front Public Health 2021; 9:765261. [PMID: 34778192 PMCID: PMC8581199 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.765261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To examine the possibility of estimating the number of civilian casualties in modern armed conflicts. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science search engines. The outcome was analyzed using a qualitative inductive thematic analysis. The scientific evidence of selected article was assessed, using the Health Evidence Quality Assessment Tool. Findings: The review of 66 included articles in this study indicates that with an increasing number of public health emergencies and the lack of vital elements of life such as water and food, emerging armed conflicts seem to be inevitable. In contrast to military-led cross-border traditional wars, modern armed conflicts affect internally on local communities and take civilian lives. Consequently, the measures and tools used in traditional military-led cross-border wars to adequately tally wounded and dead for many decades under the mandates of the International Humanitarian Law, is insufficient for modern warfare. While casualty counting during modern conflicts is deficient due to organizational, political or strategic reasons, the international organizations responsible for collecting such data (the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent and International Institute of Humanitarian Law) face difficulties to access the conflict scene, resulting in under-reported, unreliable or no-reported data. Conclusion: There are challenges in estimating and counting the number of civilian casualties in modern warfare. Although the global need for such data is evident, the risks and barriers to obtaining such data should be recognized, and the need for new international involvement in future armed conflicts should be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Khorram-Manesh
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Gothenburg University, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Research and Development, Armed Forces Center for Defense Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frederick M Burkle
- Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Krzysztof Goniewicz
- Department of Aviation Security, Military University of Aviation, Dȩblin, Poland
| | - Yohan Robinson
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Gothenburg University, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Research and Development, Armed Forces Center for Defense Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
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86
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Trapani D, Murthy SS, Boniol M, Booth C, Simensen VC, Kasumba MK, Giuliani R, Curigliano G, Ilbawi AM. Distribution of the workforce involved in cancer care: a systematic review of the literature. ESMO Open 2021; 6:100292. [PMID: 34763251 PMCID: PMC8591344 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A skilled health workforce is instrumental for the delivery of multidisciplinary cancer care and in turn a critical component of the health systems. There is, however, a paucity of data on the vast inequalities in cancer workforce distribution, globally. The aim of this study is to describe the global distribution and density of the health care workforce involved in multidisciplinary cancer management. Methods We carried out a systematic review of the literature to determine ratios of health workers in each occupation involved in cancer care per 100 000 population and per 100 cancer patients (PROSPERO: protocol CRD42018095414). Results We identified 33 eligible papers; a majority were cross-sectional surveys (n = 16). The analysis of the ratios of health providers per population and per patients revealed deep gaps across the income areas, with gradients of workforce density, highest in high-income countries versus low-income areas. Benchmark estimates of optimal workforce availability were provided in a secondary research analysis: mainly high-income countries reported workforce capacities closer to benchmark estimates. A paucity of literature was defined for critical health providers, including for pediatric oncology, surgical oncology, and cancer nurses. Conclusion The availability and distribution of the cancer workforce is heterogeneous, and wide gaps are described worldwide. This is the first systematic review on this topic. These results can inform policy formulation and modelling for capacity building and scaleup. Workforce is an essential component of the health systems. Stark inequalities are reported for the distribution of health workforce worldwide, but data are limited. We aimed at portraying the first global figure of the comprehensive cancer workforce for cancer management. Inequalities in density and distribution of the workforce regard all the key health personnel involved in cancer management. These data will inform the development of evidence-informed policies for the workforce in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Trapani
- European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - S S Murthy
- The John Goligher Colorectal Unit, St. James University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - M Boniol
- Health Workforce Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Booth
- Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Canada
| | - V C Simensen
- Clinical Trials Unit, Department of Research Support for Clinical Trials, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - M K Kasumba
- Malamulo Adventist Hospital, Makwasa, Malawi and The Pan-African Academy of Christian Surgeons (PAACS), Malawi
| | - R Giuliani
- European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), Lugano, Switzerland; The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Liverpool, UK
| | - G Curigliano
- European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), Lugano, Switzerland; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - A M Ilbawi
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
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87
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Dolan H, Eggett C, Holliday L, Delves S, Parkes D, Sutherland K. Virtual care in end of life and palliative care: A rapid evidence check. J Telemed Telecare 2021; 27:631-637. [PMID: 34726997 DOI: 10.1177/1357633x211046118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this rapid evidence check was to identify virtual care modalities that are safe and effective in the delivery of end of life and palliative care. Thirty-three peer reviewed articles which were either review articles or interventional/evaluative studies presenting comparative data were identified through PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar searches. Extracted data was synthesized narratively and outcomes were categorised separately for patients, healthcare providers, caregivers and health system. Included studies reported on a wide range of virtual care modalities, including video consultation, mobile apps, videos, websites, telephone support, email and alert messages. Generally, studies reported similar or favourable quality of life outcomes to face-to-face palliative care, especially when virtual care was used as a supplement rather than a substitute for face-to-face care. Positive attitudes for perceived usefulness and helpfulness were reported by patients, caregivers and healthcare providers. Challenges identified related to technology limitations, trust, ethical concerns, administrative burden and evidence gaps. Overall, most studies found virtual care modalities to be safe and effective in end of life and palliative care with no detrimental adverse outcomes, when used as a supplement to face-to-face care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hankiz Dolan
- NSW 144952Agency for Clinical Innovation, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Catherine Eggett
- NSW 144952Agency for Clinical Innovation, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura Holliday
- NSW 144952Agency for Clinical Innovation, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shane Delves
- NSW 144952Agency for Clinical Innovation, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Donna Parkes
- NSW 144952Agency for Clinical Innovation, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kim Sutherland
- NSW 144952Agency for Clinical Innovation, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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88
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Lung SLM, Wincentak J, Gan C, Kingsnorth S, Provvidenza C, McPherson AC. Are healthcare providers and young people talking about sexuality? A scoping review to characterize conversations and identify barriers. Child Care Health Dev 2021; 47:744-757. [PMID: 34240445 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conversations about sexuality with healthcare providers (HCPs) are critical to youth's positive development, including youth with disabilities or chronic conditions. Yet, little is known about the characteristics of sexuality conversations with youth in healthcare settings. This scoping review examined the nature and extent of sexuality conversations between HCPs and youth (with and without a disability or chronic condition) and aimed to identify barriers to these conversations. METHODS Scoping review methodology using rapid review principles was employed. INCLUSION CRITERIA studies published between 2009 and 2019; examined conversations between HCPs and youth aged 21 and below; addressed sexuality; and took place in a healthcare setting. Study characteristics were described and clustered into thematic groups. RESULTS Of the 5543 identified, 32 articles were included. Articles addressed (i) the content of sexuality conversations, (ii) prevalence of sexuality conversations and (iii) barriers to discussing sexuality. The content of sexuality discussions was largely biologically focused. The prevalence of sexuality discussions varied, with some discrepancy between youth-reported and HCP-reported rates. Seven barriers (three personal and four systemic) were identified. Youth with disabilities or chronic conditions were vastly under-represented in the published literature. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted that sexuality is an underexplored topic between HCPs and young people, especially young people with disabilities and/or chronic conditions. Given the importance of sexuality to young people's mental and physical health, research addressing barriers to these discussions and development of evidence-informed resources to support HCPs and youth to engage in conversations about sexuality should be a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Lock Man Lung
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joanne Wincentak
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Evidence to Care, Teaching and Learning Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caron Gan
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shauna Kingsnorth
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Evidence to Care, Teaching and Learning Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Provvidenza
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Evidence to Care, Teaching and Learning Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy C McPherson
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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89
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Fowler Davis S, Farndon L, Harrop D, Nield L, Manson J, Lawrence J, Tang S, Pownall S, Elliott J, Charlesworth L, Hindle L. A rapid review and expert identification of the Allied Health Professions’ interventions as a contribution to public health outcomes. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2021; 2:100067. [PMID: 36101594 PMCID: PMC9461364 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2020.100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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90
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Wilson MG, Oliver S, Melendez-Torres GJ, Lavis JN, Waddell K, Dickson K. Paper 3: Selecting rapid review methods for complex questions related to health policy and system issues. Syst Rev 2021; 10:286. [PMID: 34717777 PMCID: PMC8556903 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-021-01834-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Approaches for rapid reviews that focus on streamlining systematic review methods are not always suitable for exploring complex policy questions, as developing and testing theories to explain these complexities requires configuring diverse qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies. Our objective was therefore to provide a guide to selecting approaches for rapidly (i.e., within days to months) addressing complex questions related to health policy and system issues.We provide a two-stage, transdisciplinary collaborative process to select a rapid review approach to address complex policy questions, which consists of scoping the breadth and depth of the literature and then selecting an optimal approach to synthesis. The first stage (scoping the literature) begins with a discussion with the stakeholders requesting evidence to identify and refine the question for the review, which is then used to conduct preliminary searches and conceptually map the documents identified. In the second stage (selection of an optimal approach), further stakeholder consultation is required to refine and tailor the question and approach to identifying relevant documents to include. The approach to synthesizing the included documents is then guided by the final question, the breadth and depth of the literature, and the time available and can include a static or evolving conceptual framework to code and analyze a range of evidence. For areas already covered extensively by existing systematic reviews, the focus can be on summarizing and integrating the review findings, resynthesizing the primary studies, or updating the search and reanalyzing one or more of the systematic reviews.The choice of approaches for conducting rapid reviews is intertwined with decisions about how to manage projects, the amount of work to be done, and the knowledge already available, and our guide offers support to help make these strategic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Wilson
- McMaster Health Forum, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Health Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Sandy Oliver
- EPPI-Centre, University College London, London, UK
- Africa Centre for Evidence, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - John N. Lavis
- McMaster Health Forum, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Health Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Africa Centre for Evidence, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Political Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Kerry Waddell
- McMaster Health Forum, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Antonio M, Lau F, Davison K, Devor A, Queen R, Courtney K. Toward an inclusive digital health system for sexual and gender minorities in Canada. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2021; 29:379-384. [PMID: 34605910 PMCID: PMC8757318 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocab183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Most digital health systems (DHS) are unable to capture gender, sex, and sexual orientation (GSSO) data beyond a single binary attribute with female and male options. This binary system discourages access to preventative screening and gender-affirming care for sexual and gender minority (SGM) people. We conducted this 1-year multi-method project and cocreated an action plan to modernize GSSO information practices in Canadian DHS. The proposed actions are to: (1) Envisage an equity- and SGM-oriented health system; (2) Engage communities and organizations to modernize GSSO information practices in DHS; (3) Establish an inclusive GSSO terminology; (4) Enable DHS to collect, use, exchange, and reuse standardized GSSO data; (5) Integrate GSSO data collection and use within organizations; (6) Educate staff to provide culturally competent care and inform patients on the need for GSSO data; and (7) Establish a central hub to coordinate efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcy Antonio
- School of Health Information Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Corresponding Author: Marcy Antonio, MPH, BSc, School of Health Information Science, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada ()
| | - Francis Lau
- School of Health Information Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Kelly Davison
- School of Health Information Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Aaron Devor
- Chair in Transgender Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Roz Queen
- School of Health Information Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Karen Courtney
- School of Health Information Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
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Dykgraaf SH, Matenge S, Desborough J, Sturgiss E, Dut G, Roberts L, McMillan A, Kidd M. Protecting Nursing Homes and Long-Term Care Facilities From COVID-19: A Rapid Review of International Evidence. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2021; 22:1969-1988. [PMID: 34428466 PMCID: PMC8328566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2021.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the extreme vulnerability of older people and other individuals who reside in long-term care, creating an urgent need for evidence-based policy that can adequately protect these community members. This study aimed to provide synthesized evidence to support policy decision making. DESIGN Rapid narrative review investigating strategies that have prevented or mitigated SARS-CoV-2 transmission in long-term care. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Residents and staff in care settings such as nursing homes and long-term care facilities. METHODS PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were systematically searched, with studies describing potentially effective strategies included. Studies were excluded if they did not report empirical evidence (eg, commentaries and consensus guidelines). Study quality was appraised on the basis of study design; data were extracted from published reports and synthesized narratively using tabulated data extracts and summary tables. RESULTS Searches yielded 713 articles; 80 papers describing 77 studies were included. Most studies were observational, with no randomized controlled trials identified. Intervention studies provided strong support for widespread surveillance, early identification and response, and rigorous infection prevention and control measures. Symptom- or temperature-based screening and single point-prevalence testing were found to be ineffective, and serial universal testing of residents and staff was considered crucial. Attention to ventilation and environmental management, digital health applications, and acute sector support were also considered beneficial although evidence for effectiveness was lacking. In observational studies, staff represented substantial transmission risk and workforce management strategies were important components of pandemic response. Higher-performing facilities with less crowding and higher nurse staffing ratios had reduced transmission rates. Outbreak investigations suggested that facility-level leadership, intersectoral collaboration, and policy that facilitated access to critical resources were all significant enablers of success. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS High-quality evidence of effectiveness in protecting LTCFs from COVID-19 was limited at the time of this study, though it continues to emerge. Despite widespread COVID-19 vaccination programs in many countries, continuing prevention and mitigation measures may be required to protect vulnerable long-term care residents from COVID-19 and other infectious diseases. This rapid review summarizes current evidence regarding strategies that may be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Hall Dykgraaf
- COVID-19 Action Research Team, College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra ACT, Australia.
| | - Sethunya Matenge
- COVID-19 Action Research Team, College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra ACT, Australia
| | - Jane Desborough
- COVID-19 Action Research Team, College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra ACT, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Sturgiss
- COVID-19 Action Research Team, College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra ACT, Australia
| | - Garang Dut
- COVID-19 Action Research Team, College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra ACT, Australia
| | - Leslee Roberts
- Medical Advisory Unit, Primary Care Division, Australian Government Department of Health, Canberra ACT, Australia
| | - Alison McMillan
- Australian Government Department of Health, Canberra ACT, Australia
| | - Michael Kidd
- Australian Government Department of Health, Canberra ACT, Australia
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93
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Spiers GF, Liddle J, Kunonga TP, Whitehead IO, Beyer F, Stow D, Welsh C, Ramsay SE, Craig D, Hanratty B. What are the consequences of caring for older people and what interventions are effective for supporting unpaid carers? A rapid review of systematic reviews. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e046187. [PMID: 34588234 PMCID: PMC8483048 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify and map evidence about the consequences of unpaid caring for all carers of older people, and effective interventions to support this carer population. DESIGN A rapid review of systematic reviews, focused on the consequences for carers of unpaid caring for older people, and interventions to support this heterogeneous group of carers. Reviews of carers of all ages were eligible, with any outcome measures relating to carers' health, and social and financial well-being. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, PsycInfo and Epistemonikos (January 2000 to January 2020). Records were screened, and included systematic reviews were quality appraised. Summary data were extracted and a narrative synthesis produced. RESULTS Twelve systematic reviews reporting evidence about the consequences of caring for carers (n=6) and assessing the effectiveness of carer interventions (n=6) were included. The review evidence typically focused on mental health outcomes, with little information identified about carers' physical, social and financial well-being. Clear estimates of the prevalence and severity of carer outcomes, and how these differ between carers and non-carers, were absent. A range of interventions were identified, but there was no strong evidence of effectiveness. In some studies, the choice of outcome measure may underestimate the full impact of an intervention. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence fails to fully quantify the impacts that caring for older people has on carers' health and well-being. Information on social patterning of the consequences of caring is absent. Systematic measurement of a broad range of outcomes, with comparison to the general population, is needed to better understand the true consequences of caring. Classification of unpaid caring as a social determinant of health could be an effective lever to bring greater focus and support to this population. Further work is needed to develop and identify suitable interventions in order to support evidence-based policymaking and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma F Spiers
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jennifer Liddle
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North East & North Cumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | - Fiona Beyer
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Daniel Stow
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Claire Welsh
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sheena E Ramsay
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dawn Craig
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North East & North Cumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Barbara Hanratty
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North East & North Cumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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94
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Schofield G, Dittborn M, Selman LE, Huxtable R. Defining ethical challenge(s) in healthcare research: a rapid review. BMC Med Ethics 2021; 22:135. [PMID: 34587950 PMCID: PMC8479723 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-021-00700-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its ubiquity in academic research, the phrase 'ethical challenge(s)' appears to lack an agreed definition. A lack of a definition risks introducing confusion or avoidable bias. Conceptual clarity is a key component of research, both theoretical and empirical. Using a rapid review methodology, we sought to review definitions of 'ethical challenge(s)' and closely related terms as used in current healthcare research literature. METHODS Rapid review to identify peer-reviewed reports examining 'ethical challenge(s)' in any context, extracting data on definitions of 'ethical challenge(s)' in use, and synonymous use of closely related terms in the general manuscript text. Data were analysed using content analysis. Four databases (MEDLINE, Philosopher's Index, EMBASE, CINAHL) were searched from April 2016 to April 2021. RESULTS 393 records were screened, with 72 studies eligible and included: 53 empirical studies, 17 structured reviews and 2 review protocols. 12/72 (17%) contained an explicit definition of 'ethical challenge(s), two of which were shared, resulting in 11 unique definitions. Within these 11 definitions, four approaches were identified: definition through concepts; reference to moral conflict, moral uncertainty or difficult choices; definition by participants; and challenges linked to emotional or moral distress. Each definition contained one or more of these approaches, but none contained all four. 68/72 (94%) included studies used terms closely related to synonymously refer to 'ethical challenge(s)' within their manuscript text, with 32 different terms identified and between one and eight different terms mentioned per study. CONCLUSIONS Only 12/72 studies contained an explicit definition of 'ethical challenge(s)', with significant variety in scope and complexity. This variation risks confusion and biasing data analysis and results, reducing confidence in research findings. Further work on establishing acceptable definitional content is needed to inform future bioethics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Schofield
- Centre for Ethics in Medicine, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
- Palliative and End of Life Care Research Group, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
| | - Mariana Dittborn
- Paediatric Bioethics Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Lucy Ellen Selman
- Palliative and End of Life Care Research Group, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Richard Huxtable
- Centre for Ethics in Medicine, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
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95
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The Influence of War and Conflict on Infectious Disease: A Rapid Review of Historical Lessons We Have Yet to Learn. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su131910783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Armed conflicts degrade established healthcare systems, which typically manifests as a resurgence of preventable infectious diseases. While 70% of deaths globally are now from non-communicable disease; in low-income countries, respiratory infections, diarrheal illness, malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDs are all in the top 10 causes of death. The burden of these infectious diseases is exacerbated by armed conflict, translating into even more dramatic long-term consequences. This rapid evidence review searched electronic databases in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Of 381 identified publications, 73 were included in this review. Several authors indicate that the impact of infectious diseases increases in wars and armed conflicts due to disruption to surveillance and response systems that were often poorly developed to begin with. Although the true impact of conflict on infectious disease spread is not known and requires further research, the link between them is indisputable. Current decision-making management systems are insufficient and only pass the baton to the next unwary generation.
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Rothwell C, Kehoe A, Farook SF, Illing J. Enablers and barriers to effective clinical supervision in the workplace: a rapid evidence review. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e052929. [PMID: 34588261 PMCID: PMC8479981 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to review the international literature to understand the enablers of and barriers to effective clinical supervision in the workplace and identify the benefits of effective clinical supervision. DESIGN A rapid evidence review. DATA SOURCES Five databases (CINAHL, OVID Embase, OVID Medline, OVID PsycInfo and ProQuest) were searched to ensure inclusion and breadth of healthcare professionals. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies identifying enablers and barriers to effective clinical supervision across healthcare professionals in a Western context between 1 January 2009 and 12 March 2019. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS An extraction framework with a detailed inclusion/exclusion criteria to ensure rigour was used to extract data. Data were analysed using a thematic qualitative synthesis. These themes were used to answer the research objectives. RESULTS The search identified 15 922 papers, reduced to 809 papers following the removal of duplicates and papers outside the inclusion criteria, with 135 papers being included in the full review. Enablers identified included regular supervision, occurs within protected time, in a private space and delivered flexibly. Additional enablers included supervisees being offered a choice of supervisor; supervision based on mutual trust and a positive relationship; a cultural understanding between supervisor and supervisee; a shared understanding of the purpose of supervision, based on individual needs, focused on enhancing knowledge and skills; training and feedback being provided for supervisors; and use of a mixed supervisor model, delivered by several supervisors, or by those trained to manage the overlapping (and potentially conflicting) needs of the individual and the service. Barriers included a lack of time, space and trust. A lack of shared understanding to the purpose of the supervision, and a lack of ongoing support and engagement from leadership and organisations were also found to be barriers to effective clinical supervision. CONCLUSIONS This review identified several enablers of and barriers to effective clinical supervision and the subsequent benefits of effective clinical supervision in a healthcare setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Rothwell
- School of Medical Education, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Amelia Kehoe
- Health Professions Education Unit, Hull York Medical School, York, UK
| | - Sophia Farhene Farook
- Emergency Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jan Illing
- Health Professions Education Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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97
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Church G, Smith C, Ali A, Sage K. What Is Intensity and How Can It Benefit Exercise Intervention in People With Stroke? A Rapid Review. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2021; 2:722668. [PMID: 36188814 PMCID: PMC9397782 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2021.722668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Stroke is one of the major causes of chronic physical disability in the United Kingdom, typically characterized by unilateral weakness and a loss of muscle power and movement coordination. When combined with pre-existing comorbidities such as cardiac disease and diabetes, it results in reductions in cardiovascular (CV) fitness, physical activity levels, functional capacity, and levels of independent living. High-intensity training protocols have shown promising improvements in fitness and function for people with stroke (PwS). However, it remains unclear how intensity is defined, measured, and prescribed in this population. Further, we do not know what the optimal outcome measures are to capture the benefits of intensive exercise. Aim: To understand how intensity is defined and calibrated in the stroke exercise literature to date and how the benefits of high-intensity training in PwS are measured. Methods: A rapid review of the literature was undertaken to provide an evidence synthesis that would provide more timely information for decision-making (compared with a standard systematic review). Electronic databases were searched (including Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase for studies from 2015 to 2020). These were screened by title and abstract for inclusion if they: (a) were specific to adult PwS; and (b) were high-intensity exercise interventions. Eligible studies were critically appraised using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The data extraction tool recorded the definition of intensity, methods used to measure and progress intensity within sessions, and the outcomes measure used to capture the effects of the exercise intervention. Results: Seventeen studies were selected for review, 15 primary research studies and two literature reviews. Sixteen of the 17 studies were of high quality. Nine of the primary research studies used bodyweight-supported treadmills to achieve the high-intensity training threshold, four used static exercise bikes, and two used isometric arm strengthening. Five of the primary research studies had the aim of increasing walking speed, five aimed to increase CV fitness, three aimed to improve electroencephalogram (EEG) measured cortical evoked potentials and corticospinal excitability, and two investigated any changes in muscle strength. Although only one study gave a clear definition of intensity, all studies clearly defined the high-intensity protocol used, with most (15 out of 17 studies) clearly describing threshold periods of high-intensity activity, followed by rest or active recovery periods (of varying times). All of the studies reviewed used outcomes specific to body structure and function (International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) constructs), with fewer including outcomes relating to activity and only three outcomes relating to participation. The reported effect of high-intensity training on PwS was promising, however, the underlying impact on neurological, musculoskeletal, and CV systems was not clearly specified. Conclusions: There is a clear lack of definition and understanding about intensity and how thresholds of intensity in this population are used as an intervention. There is also an inconsistency about the most appropriate methods to assess and provide a training protocol based on that assessment. It remains unclear if high-intensity training impacts the desired body system, given the diverse presentation of PwS, from a neuromuscular, CV, functional, and psychosocial perspective. Future work needs to establish a clearer understanding of intensity and the impact of exercise training on multiple body systems in PwS. Further understanding into the appropriate assessment tools to enable appropriate prescription of intensity in exercise intervention is required. Outcomes need to capture measures specific not only to the body system, but also level of function and desired goals of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Church
- Community Stroke Service, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, National Institute of Health Research Pre Doctoral Fellow, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Smith
- Department of Allied Health Professions, Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Ali
- Stroke Consultant and Stroke Research Lead, National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Sage
- Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Oakden L, Bridge G, Armstrong B, Reynolds C, Wang C, Panzone L, Rivera XS, Kause A, Ffoulkes C, Krawczyk C, Miller G, Serjeant S. The Importance of Citizen Scientists in the Move Towards Sustainable Diets and a Sustainable Food System. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.596594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To enhance sustainability, the food system requires significant shifts in the production, processing and supply of food. Ideally, a sustainable food system should operate, not only to protect the biosphere, but also to provide nutritious, high-quality food, and to support social values, an equitable economy, and human and animal health. It should also be governed responsibly within a supportive policy environment. Implementing these shifts is a task of immense scale; but citizen participation/engagement has the potential to help make sustainability a reality through distributed learning, dynamic sensing, and knowledge generation. Technological advancements in sensing and data processing have enabled new forms of citizen participation in research. When food system research is embedded within society it can help us to understand which changes towards sustainability work and which do not. Indeed, citizen engagement in food systems research has the potential to help bring citizens on side, supporting the growth of a food culture of resilience and of sustainable practises (including dietary change). This commentary provides examples of how existing research and alternative food production systems and agroecological practises may provide possible frameworks for citizen participation in food system studies. We highlight potential future food and citizen science approaches. Widening citizen participation and encouraging the involvement of other food system actors, including those in local, national and international governance, is essential to capture the full potential of citizen science in enabling transition to a sustainable food system. For the research community citizen science offers engagement and empowerment of wider communities with science; collecting and analysing data; and creating viable solutions to food system and diet issues.
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99
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Blasi PR, Mettert KD, Coleman K, Lewis C, Wagner E, Coghill MN, Dang T, Richards JE. Transitioning patients from outpatient mental health services to primary care: A rapid literature review. IMPLEMENTATION RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2021; 2:26334895211041294. [PMID: 37089993 PMCID: PMC9981893 DOI: 10.1177/26334895211041294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A lack of access to mental health services is a critical barrier to obtaining evidence-based care. One strategy to improve access is to transition stable patients out of mental health specialty services and into primary care, thus opening availability for new patients and those with acute mental health needs. To support these transitions, organizations might explore a range of new practices and implementation strategies. Methods We conducted a rapid literature review to summarize descriptions from the research literature about practices for transitioning stable patients from outpatient mental health services to primary care, as well as implementation strategies to enhance the adoption and sustainment of these practices. We searched PsycINFO and Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) for articles published between January 2000 and August 2019. For articles meeting inclusion criteria, we abstracted data on study characteristics, transition practices, and implementation strategies. Results We included 11 articles representing diverse study designs, settings, and health care organizations. Across these articles, we identified six categories of commonly described transition practices, with patient engagement appearing the most frequently (10 articles), followed by shared treatment planning (eight articles), assessment of recovery and stability, care coordination, follow up and support, and medication management (seven articles each). Less frequently, articles included descriptions of implementation strategies, with five articles describing efforts to train and educate stakeholders and four articles describing the use of evaluative and iterative strategies. Conclusions We identified descriptions of several common practices to help patients transition from mental health specialty services to primary care, but there are opportunities for an increased focus on implementation strategies to enhance the adoption and sustainment of these transition practices. More research is needed to better understand the effectiveness of specific transition interventions and the feasibility of deploying these interventions in heterogeneous health care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula R. Blasi
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kayne D. Mettert
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katie Coleman
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cara Lewis
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edward Wagner
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Tobias Dang
- Kaiser Permanente Washington, Renton, WA, USA
| | - Julie E. Richards
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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100
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Flemington T, La Hera-Fuentes G, Bovill M, Hart A, Bennett J, Ryan NM, Gould GS. Smoking Cessation Messages for Pregnant Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Women: A Rapid Review of Peer-Reviewed Literature and Assessment of Research Translation of Media Content. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179341. [PMID: 34501931 PMCID: PMC8430943 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This review summarized literature about knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women from Australia who smoke during pregnancy, then examined the extent that existing health promotion materials and media messages aligned with evidence on smoking cessation for pregnant Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women. Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of pregnant Aboriginal women who smoke tobacco were identified in the literature. Health promotion campaigns were retrieved from a grey literature search with keywords and social and professional networks. Key themes from peer-reviewed papers were compared against the content of health promotion campaigns using the Aboriginal Social and Emotional Wellbeing Model, the Behavior Change Wheel and thematic analysis. Eleven empirical studies and 17 campaigns were included. Empirical studies highlighted women sought holistic care that incorporated nicotine replacement therapy, engaged with their family and community and the potential for education about smoking cessation to empower a woman. Health promotion campaigns had a strong focus on ‘engagement with family and community’, ‘knowledge of risks of smoking,’ ‘giving up vs cutting down’ and ‘culture in language and arts’. There were similarities and variances in the key themes in the research evidence and promotion materials. Topics highly aligned included risks from smoking and quitting related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Flemington
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Gina La Hera-Fuentes
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (G.L.H.-F.); (M.B.); (A.H.); (J.B.); (N.M.R.)
| | - Michelle Bovill
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (G.L.H.-F.); (M.B.); (A.H.); (J.B.); (N.M.R.)
| | - Allison Hart
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (G.L.H.-F.); (M.B.); (A.H.); (J.B.); (N.M.R.)
| | - Jessica Bennett
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (G.L.H.-F.); (M.B.); (A.H.); (J.B.); (N.M.R.)
| | - Nicole M. Ryan
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (G.L.H.-F.); (M.B.); (A.H.); (J.B.); (N.M.R.)
| | - Gillian Sandra Gould
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2480, Australia
- Correspondence:
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