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Oza S. Aromatase Inhibitor-induced Musculoskeletal Syndrome: a Review of Rehabilitation Interventions. CURRENT PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40141-021-00318-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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52
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Abstract
High-intensity training is becoming increasingly popular outside of elite sport
for health prevention and rehabilitation. This expanded application of
high-intensity training in different populations requires a deeper understanding
of its molecular signature in the human body. Therefore, in this integrative
review, cellular and systemic molecular responses to high-intensity training are
described for skeletal muscle, cardiovascular system, and the immune system as
major effectors and targets of health and performance. Different kinds of
stimuli and resulting homeostatic perturbations (i. e., metabolic,
mechanical, neuronal, and hormonal) are reflected, taking into account their
role in the local and systemic deflection of molecular sensors and mediators,
and their role in tissue and organ adaptations. In skeletal muscle, a high
metabolic perturbation induced by high-intensity training is the major stimulus
for skeletal muscle adaptation. In the cardio-vascular system, high-intensity
training induces haemodynamic stress and deflection of the
Ca
2+
handling as major stimuli for
functional and structural adaptation of the heart and vessels. For the immune
system haemodynamic stress, hormones, exosomes, and O
2
availability
are proposed stimuli that mediate their effects by alteration of different
signalling processes leading to local and systemic (anti)inflammatory responses.
Overall, high-intensity training shows specific molecular signatures that
demonstrate its high potential to improve health and physical performance.
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53
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Luo J, Zhong Y. Effects of glucocorticoids on the levels of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:7890-7897. [PMID: 34377267 PMCID: PMC8340212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study was designed to explore the effects of glucocorticoid therapy on the levels of serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Clinical information of 100 patients with RA who were admitted to our hospital from 2015 to 2018 were retrospectively collected and divided into two groups according to the random number table method. Patients receiving routine treatment were classified as the control group (n = 50) and those receiving glucocorticoid therapy based on routine treatment were classified as the observation group (n = 50). Pre- and post-treatment clinical effects, tender joint counts, swollen joint counts; periods of morning stiffness, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS28), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and rheumatoid factor (RF), IL-6, and TNF-α levels were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the observation group had a higher total effective rate. The observation group exhibited lower tender and swollen joint counts and shorter morning stiffness periods than the control group (P < 0.05). The VAS scores and DAS28 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The ESRs and RF levels as well as the post-treatment IL-6 and TNF-α levels were lower in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Glucocorticoids show beneficial effects on alleviating RA symptoms. Due to the limited sample size in the study, future studies with a larger cohort and over a longer investigation period are warranted to provide comprehensive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Luo
- The Second Department of Orthopedics, The First People’s Hospital of Fuyang HangzhouHangzhou 311400, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yanqing Zhong
- Operating Room, The First People’s Hospital of Fuyang HangzhouHangzhou 311400, Zhejiang Province, China
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54
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Andonian BJ, Johannemann A, Hubal MJ, Pober DM, Koss A, Kraus WE, Bartlett DB, Huffman KM. Altered skeletal muscle metabolic pathways, age, systemic inflammation, and low cardiorespiratory fitness associate with improvements in disease activity following high-intensity interval training in persons with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:187. [PMID: 34246305 PMCID: PMC8272378 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02570-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise training, including high-intensity interval training (HIIT), improves rheumatoid arthritis (RA) inflammatory disease activity via unclear mechanisms. Because exercise requires skeletal muscle, skeletal muscle molecular pathways may contribute. The purpose of this study was to identify connections between skeletal muscle molecular pathways, RA disease activity, and RA disease activity improvements following HIIT. Methods RA disease activity assessments and vastus lateralis skeletal muscle biopsies were performed in two separate cohorts of persons with established, seropositive, and/or erosive RA. Body composition and objective physical activity assessments were also performed in both the cross-sectional cohort and the longitudinal group before and after 10 weeks of HIIT. Baseline clinical assessments and muscle RNA gene expression were correlated with RA disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS-28) and DAS-28 improvements following HIIT. Skeletal muscle gene expression changes with HIIT were evaluated using analysis of covariance and biological pathway analysis. Results RA inflammatory disease activity was associated with greater amounts of intramuscular adiposity and less vigorous aerobic exercise (both p < 0.05). HIIT-induced disease activity improvements were greatest in those with an older age, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, low cardiorespiratory fitness, and a skeletal muscle molecular profile indicative of altered metabolic pathways (p < 0.05 for all). Specifically, disease activity improvements were linked to baseline expression of RA skeletal muscle genes with cellular functions to (1) increase amino acid catabolism and interconversion (GLDC, BCKDHB, AASS, PYCR, RPL15), (2) increase glycolytic lactate production (AGL, PDK2, LDHB, HIF1A), and (3) reduce oxidative metabolism via altered beta-oxidation (PXMP2, ACSS2), TCA cycle flux (OGDH, SUCLA2, MDH1B), and electron transport chain complex I function (NDUFV3). The muscle mitochondrial glycine cleavage system (GCS) was identified as critically involved in RA disease activity improvements given upregulation of multiple GCS genes at baseline, while GLDC was significantly downregulated following HIIT. Conclusion In the absence of physical activity, RA inflammatory disease activity is associated with transcriptional remodeling of skeletal muscle metabolism. Following exercise training, the greatest improvements in disease activity occur in older, more inflamed, and less fit persons with RA. These exercise training-induced immunomodulatory changes may occur via reprogramming muscle bioenergetic and amino acid/protein homeostatic pathways. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02528344. Registered on 19 August 2015. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-021-02570-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Andonian
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. .,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Andrew Johannemann
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Monica J Hubal
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis School of Health & Human Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Alec Koss
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William E Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David B Bartlett
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kim M Huffman
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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55
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Atakan MM, Li Y, Koşar ŞN, Turnagöl HH, Yan X. Evidence-Based Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Exercise Capacity and Health: A Review with Historical Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7201. [PMID: 34281138 PMCID: PMC8294064 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Engaging in regular exercise results in a range of physiological adaptations offering benefits for exercise capacity and health, independent of age, gender or the presence of chronic diseases. Accumulating evidence shows that lack of time is a major impediment to exercise, causing physical inactivity worldwide. This issue has resulted in momentum for interval training models known to elicit higher enjoyment and induce adaptations similar to or greater than moderate-intensity continuous training, despite a lower total exercise volume. Although there is no universal definition, high-intensity interval exercise is characterized by repeated short bursts of intense activity, performed with a "near maximal" or "all-out" effort corresponding to ≥90% of maximal oxygen uptake or >75% of maximal power, with periods of rest or low-intensity exercise. Research has indicated that high-intensity interval training induces numerous physiological adaptations that improve exercise capacity (maximal oxygen uptake, aerobic endurance, anaerobic capacity etc.) and metabolic health in both clinical and healthy (athletes, active and inactive individuals without any apparent disease or disorder) populations. In this paper, a brief history of high-intensity interval training is presented, based on the novel findings of some selected studies on exercise capacity and health, starting from the early 1920s to date. Further, an overview of the mechanisms underlying the physiological adaptations in response to high-intensity interval training is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Mustafa Atakan
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.M.A.); (Ş.N.K.); (H.H.T.)
| | - Yanchun Li
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Şükran Nazan Koşar
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.M.A.); (Ş.N.K.); (H.H.T.)
| | - Hüseyin Hüsrev Turnagöl
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.M.A.); (Ş.N.K.); (H.H.T.)
| | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne 8001, Australia;
- Sarcopenia Research Program, Australia Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne 3021, Australia
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56
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Gustafson MP, Wheatley-Guy CM, Rosenthal AC, Gastineau DA, Katsanis E, Johnson BD, Simpson RJ. Exercise and the immune system: taking steps to improve responses to cancer immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e001872. [PMID: 34215686 PMCID: PMC8256759 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The remarkable success of cancer immunotherapies has provided new hope to cancer patients. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of patients remain unable to respond to immunotherapy or maintain durable clinical responses. The lack of objective responses likely results from profound immune dysfunction often observed in patients with cancer. There is substantial evidence that exercise and physical activity can reduce incidence and improve outcomes in cancer patients. As the immune system is highly responsive to exercise, one potential avenue to improve immune function is through exercise and physical activity. A single event of dynamic exercise results in the substantial mobilization of leukocytes with increased functional capacities into the circulation. Chronic, or long-term, exercise leads to higher physical fitness in terms of greater cardiorespiratory function and/or muscle strength and endurance. High aerobic capacity, as measured by maximal oxygen uptake, has been associated with the reduction of dysfunctional T cells and improvements in the abundance of some T cell populations. To be sure, however, the mechanisms of exercise-mediated immune changes are both extensive and diverse. Here, we examine the evidence and theorize how acute and chronic exercise could be used to improve responses to cancer immunotherapies including immune checkpoint inhibitors, dendritic cell vaccines, natural killer cell therapies, and adoptive T cell therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Although the parameters of optimal exercise to yield defined outcomes remain to be determined, the available current data provide a compelling justification for additional human studies and clinical trials investigating the adjuvant use of exercise in immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Gustafson
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | - Dennis A Gastineau
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Emmanuel Katsanis
- Pediatrics, Immunobiology, University of Arizona Medical Center - University Campus, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Bruce D Johnson
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Pediatrics, Immunobiology, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona Medical Center - University Campus, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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57
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Strasser B, Wolters M, Weyh C, Krüger K, Ticinesi A. The Effects of Lifestyle and Diet on Gut Microbiota Composition, Inflammation and Muscle Performance in Our Aging Society. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062045. [PMID: 34203776 PMCID: PMC8232643 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Living longer is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases, including impairments of the musculoskeletal and immune system as well as metabolic disorders and certain cancers, each of which can negatively affect the relationship between host and microbiota up to the occurrence of dysbiosis. On the other hand, lifestyle factors, including regular physical exercise and a healthy diet, can affect skeletal muscle and immune aging positively at all ages. Accordingly, health benefits could partly depend on the effect of such interventions that influence the biodiversity and functionality of intestinal microbiota. In the present review, we first discuss the physiological effects of aging on the gut microbiota, immune system, and skeletal muscle. Secondly, we describe human epidemiological evidence about the associations between physical activity and fitness and the gut microbiota composition in older adults. The third part highlights the relevance and restorative mechanisms of immune protection through physical activity and specific exercise interventions during aging. Fourth, we present important research findings on the effects of exercise and protein as well as other nutrients on skeletal muscle performance in older adults. Finally, we provide nutritional recommendations to prevent malnutrition and support healthy active aging with a focus on gut microbiota. Key nutrition-related concerns include the need for adequate energy and protein intake for preventing low muscle mass and a higher demand for specific nutrients (e.g., dietary fiber, polyphenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids) that can modify the composition, diversity, and metabolic capacity of the gut microbiota, and may thus provide a practical means of enhancing gut and systemic immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Strasser
- Medical Faculty, Sigmund Freud Private University, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
| | - Maike Wolters
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology–BIPS, 28359 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Christopher Weyh
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (C.W.); (K.K.)
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (C.W.); (K.K.)
| | - Andrea Ticinesi
- Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
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58
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Impact of exercise on the immune system and outcomes in hematologic malignancies. Blood Adv 2021; 4:1801-1811. [PMID: 32343800 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019001317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is increasingly recognized as important to cancer care. The biology of how exercise improves outcomes is not well understood, however. Studies show that exercise favorably influences the immune system in healthy individuals (neutrophils, monocytes, natural killer cells, T cells, and a number of cytokines). Thus, exercise in patients with hematologic cancer could significantly improve immune function and tumor microenvironment. We performed a literature search and identified 7 studies examining exercise and the immune environment in hematologic malignancies. This review focuses on the role of exercise and physical activity on the immune system in hematologic malignancies and healthy adults.
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59
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Physiological Fitness and the Pathophysiology of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). Cells 2021; 10:cells10051165. [PMID: 34064804 PMCID: PMC8151485 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is associated with physical dysfunction and low overall fitness that predicts poor survival following the commencement of treatment. However, it remains unknown whether higher fitness provides antioncogenic effects. We identified ten fit (CLL-FIT) and ten less fit (CLL-UNFIT) treatment-naïve CLL patients from 144 patients who completed a set of physical fitness and performance tests. Patient plasma was used to determine its effects on an in vitro 5-day growth/viability of three B-cell cell lines (OSU-CLL, Daudi, and Farage). Plasma exosomal miRNA profiles, circulating lipids, lipoproteins, inflammation levels, and immune cell phenotypes were also assessed. CLL-FIT was associated with fewer viable OSU-CLL cells at Day 1 (p = 0.003), Day 4 (p = 0.001), and Day 5 (p = 0.009). No differences between the groups were observed for Daudi and Farage cells. Of 455 distinct exosomal miRNAs identified, 32 miRNAs were significantly different between the groups. Of these, 14 miRNAs had ≤-1 or ≥1 log2 fold differences. CLL-FIT patients had five exosomal miRNAs with lower expression and nine miRNAs with higher expression. CLL-FIT patients had higher HDL cholesterol, lower inflammation, and lower levels of triglyceride components (all p < 0.05). CLL-FIT patients had lower frequencies of low-differentiated NKG2+/CD158a/bneg (p = 0.015 and p = 0.014) and higher frequencies of NKG2Aneg/CD158b+ mature NK cells (p = 0.047). The absolute number of lymphocytes, including CD19+/CD5+ CLL-cells, was similar between the groups (p = 0.359). Higher physical fitness in CLL patients is associated with altered CLL-like cell line growth in vitro and with altered circulating and cellular factors indicative of better immune functions and tumor control.
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60
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Zakavi I, Nayebifar S, Ghasemi E, Valipour A. Therapeutic Efficacy of Aerobic Exercise Training along with Oak Husk Hydroalcoholic Extract for Amelioration of Inflammation in Obese Elderly Male Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5585077. [PMID: 33997019 PMCID: PMC8112923 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5585077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrinogen and interleukin-1β as a proinflammatory cytokine and interleukin-10 and nesfatin-1 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine have an important role in the development and prevention of systemic inflammation and incidence of obesity-induced diseases. Thus, this study is aimed at the interaction effects of aerobic training and oak husk hydroalcoholic extract consumption on plasma levels of fibrinogen, interleukin-1β, nesfatin-1, and interleukin-10 in obese elderly male mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, 40 fat male mice were fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks to induce obesity, and subsequently, they were divided randomly into four groups: control, supplement, exercise-placebo, and exercise-supplement. The training groups performed aerobic exercise 5 days a week for 6 weeks (approximately 80-75% VOmax 2). The supplement groups received a solution of oak husk hydroalcoholic extract at a dose of 20 milligram per kilogram of body weight for 6 weeks. Blood samples were taken 48 h after the last training session, and the levels of IL-10, fibrinogen, IL-1β, and nesfatin-1 were measured. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and LSD post hoc tests. RESULTS The results showed that six-week training and oak husk hydroalcoholic extract consumption significantly increased the levels of IL-10 and nesfatin-1 in experimental groups (P < 0.001). Also, the levels of fibrinogen and IL-1β decreased significantly in training groups. Averages between group variations of all indicators were statistically significant, and they were more meaningfully pronounced in the exercise-supplement group than other groups (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Considering the results of the present study, the use of moderate aerobic exercise and oak husk hydroalcoholic extract is recommended to reduce the risk of obesity; it may also have a positive effect on inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Zakavi
- Department of Public Health, Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Shila Nayebifar
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Elham Ghasemi
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Aliasghar Valipour
- Department of Public Health, Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
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61
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Calabrese L, Neiman DC. Exercise, infection and rheumatic diseases: what do we know? RMD Open 2021; 7:e001644. [PMID: 34001646 PMCID: PMC8130750 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2021-001644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - David C Neiman
- Department of Biology, Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
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62
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Physical Activity and Redox Balance in the Elderly: Signal Transduction Mechanisms. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11052228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are molecules naturally produced by cells. If their levels are too high, the cellular antioxidant machinery intervenes to bring back their quantity to physiological conditions. Since aging often induces malfunctioning in this machinery, ROS are considered an effective cause of age-associated diseases. Exercise stimulates ROS production on one side, and the antioxidant systems on the other side. The effects of exercise on oxidative stress markers have been shown in blood, vascular tissue, brain, cardiac and skeletal muscle, both in young and aged people. However, the intensity and volume of exercise and the individual subject characteristics are important to envisage future strategies to adequately personalize the balance of the oxidant/antioxidant environment. Here, we reviewed the literature that deals with the effects of physical activity on redox balance in young and aged people, with insights into the molecular mechanisms involved. Although many molecular pathways are involved, we are still far from a comprehensive view of the mechanisms that stand behind the effects of physical activity during aging. Although we believe that future precision medicine will be able to transform exercise administration from wellness to targeted prevention, as yet we admit that the topic is still in its infancy.
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63
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Skeletal muscle disease in rheumatoid arthritis: the center of cardiometabolic comorbidities? Curr Opin Rheumatol 2021; 32:297-306. [PMID: 32141950 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite its critical roles in body movement, structure, and metabolism, skeletal muscle remains underappreciated in the context of rheumatoid arthritis. In rheumatoid arthritis, chronic inflammation, physical inactivity, and medication toxicities impair skeletal muscle. These skeletal muscle alterations contribute to continued rheumatoid arthritis disparities in physical function and cardiometabolic health. RECENT FINDINGS In the prebiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug era, rheumatoid arthritis skeletal muscle atrophy was the central feature of 'rheumatoid cachexia,' a hypermetabolic state driven by chronic systemic inflammation and muscle protein degradation. In the current era, rheumatoid arthritis muscle deficits are less visible, yet persist as a key component of 'sarcopenic obesity.' In rheumatoid arthritis sarcopenic obesity, chronic inflammation, physical inactivity, and medication toxicities contribute to muscle contractile deficits, inflammation, altered metabolism, and intramuscular adiposity, a key predictor of rheumatoid arthritis disability and insulin resistance. SUMMARY Rheumatoid arthritis skeletal muscle disease in the current era is defined by impaired contractile function (poor strength and endurance) and sarcopenic obesity (decreased muscle mass, increased fat mass, and intramuscular adiposity). These muscle impairments contribute to disability and cardiometabolic disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Management should focus on monitoring of rheumatoid arthritis muscle function and body composition, limiting potentially myotoxic drugs, and prescription of exercise training.
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64
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this article is to describe the benefits of physical activity and exercise on rheumatoid arthritis disease activity, functioning, and symptoms; and offer recommendations for promotion of physical activity and exercise among people with rheumatoid arthritis. RECENT FINDINGS In addition to well-known benefits of exercise such as improving cardiovascular health and metabolic syndrome and reducing obesity, exercise has consistently shown rheumatoid arthritis-specific benefits. Exercise and increases in physical activity improve clinically measured disease activity, reduce symptoms such as fatigue and pain, and improve function and mental health. In spite of these benefits, most people with rheumatoid arthritis are inactive. Patient barriers to engaging in physical activity may include fears of joint damage, rheumatoid arthritis symptoms, and lack of understanding that physical activity improves the symptoms that may be barriers. However, the greatest barrier to healthy levels of physical activity among individuals with rheumatoid arthritis appears to be the lack of direction from healthcare providers. SUMMARY Exercise is safe and highly beneficial for people with rheumatoid arthritis. Because receiving recommendations from healthcare providers may be the factor most strongly associated with engaging in physical activity or exercise, providers are encouraged to give patients positive messages about the benefits of physical activity and the extremely low risks of harm.
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65
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Huffman KM, Andonian BJ, Abraham DM, Bareja A, Lee DE, Katz LH, Huebner JL, Kraus WE, White JP. Exercise protects against cardiac and skeletal muscle dysfunction in a mouse model of inflammatory arthritis. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:853-864. [PMID: 33411638 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00576.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory arthritis impacting primarily joints and cardiac and skeletal muscle. RA's distinct impact on cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue is suggested by studies showing that new RA pharmacologic agents strongly improve joint inflammation, but have little impact on RA-associated mortality, cardiovascular disease, and sarcopenia. Thus, the objective is to understand the distinct effects of RA on cardiac and skeletal muscle, and to therapeutically target these tissues through endurance-based exercise as a way to improve RA mortality and morbidity. We utilize the well-characterized RA mouse model, the K/BxN mouse, to investigate cardiac and skeletal muscle pathologies, including the use of wheel-running exercise to mitigate these pathologies. Strikingly, we found that K/BxN mice, like patients with RA, also exhibit both cardiac and skeletal muscle myopathies that were correlated with circulating IL-6 levels. Three months of wheel-running exercise significantly improved K/BxN joint swelling and reduced systemic IL-6 concentrations. Importantly, there were morphological, gene expression, and functional improvements in both the skeletal muscle and cardiac myopathies with exercise. The K/BxN mouse model of RA recapitulated important RA clinical comorbidities, including altered joint, cardiac and skeletal muscle function. These morphological, molecular, and functional alterations were mitigated with regular exercise, thus suggesting exercise as a potential therapeutic intervention to lessen disease activity in the joint and the peripheral tissues, including the heart and skeletal muscle.NEW & NOTEWORTHY RA, even when controlled, is associated with skeletal muscle weakness and greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Using exercise as a therapeutic against, the progression of RA is often avoided due to fear of worsening RA pathology. We introduce the K/BxN mouse as an RA model to study both myocardial and skeletal muscle dysfunction. We show that endurance exercise can improve joint, cardiac, and skeletal muscle function in K/BxN mice, suggesting exercise may be beneficial for patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M Huffman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Brian J Andonian
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Dennis M Abraham
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Akshay Bareja
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David E Lee
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lauren H Katz
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,UNC Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Janet L Huebner
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - William E Kraus
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - James P White
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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66
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Goldberg Y, Fainstein N, Zaychik Y, Hamdi L, Segal S, Nabat H, Touloumi O, Zoidou S, Grigoriadis N, Hoffman JR, Katz A, Ben-Hur T, Einstein O. Continuous and interval training attenuate encephalomyelitis by separate immunomodulatory mechanisms. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 8:190-200. [PMID: 33285042 PMCID: PMC7818088 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have reported beneficial effects of exercise training on autoimmunity, and specifically on multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, it is unknown whether different training paradigms affect disease course via shared or separate mechanisms. OBJECTIVE To compare the effects and mechanism of immune modulation of high intensity continuous training (HICT) versus high intensity interval training (HIIT) on systemic autoimmunity in EAE. METHODS We used the proteolipid protein (PLP)-induced transfer EAE model to examine training effects on the systemic autoimmune response. Healthy mice performed HICT or HIIT by running on a treadmill. Lymph-node (LN)-T cells from PLP-immunized trained- versus sedentary donor mice were transferred to naïve recipients and EAE clinical and pathological severity were assessed. LN cells derived from donor trained and sedentary PLP-immunized mice were analyzed in vitro for T-cell activation and proliferation, immune cell profiling, and cytokine mRNA levels and cytokine secretion measurements. RESULTS Both HICT and HIIT attenuated the encephalitogenicity of PLP-reactive T cells, as indicated by reduced EAE clinical severity and inflammation and tissue pathology in the central nervous system, following their transfer into recipient mice. HICT caused a marked inhibition of PLP-induced T-cell proliferation without affecting the T-cell profile. In contrast, HIIT did not alter T-cell proliferation, but rather inhibited polarization of T cells into T-helper 1 and T-helper 17 autoreactive populations. INTERPRETATION HICT and HIIT attenuate systemic autoimmunity and T cell encephalitogenicity by distinct immunomodulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehuda Goldberg
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Nina Fainstein
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yifat Zaychik
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Liel Hamdi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Shir Segal
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Hanan Nabat
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Olga Touloumi
- B' Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia Zoidou
- B' Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Jay R Hoffman
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Abram Katz
- Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tamir Ben-Hur
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofira Einstein
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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67
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Scartoni FR, Sant'Ana LDO, Murillo-Rodriguez E, Yamamoto T, Imperatori C, Budde H, Vianna JM, Machado S. Physical Exercise and Immune System in the Elderly: Implications and Importance in COVID-19 Pandemic Period. Front Psychol 2020; 11:593903. [PMID: 33329256 PMCID: PMC7711129 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.593903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is seen as the main ally for health promotion, preventing and protecting the organism from several diseases. According to WHO, there is a tendency of constant growth in the elderly population in the coming years. The regular practice of exercises by the elderly becomes relevant to minimize the deleterious effects of the aging process and to increase the fitness index. Recently, the world population started a confrontation against Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19), which is the most significant public health challenge globally. Although social isolation is a reasonable measure in an attempt to stop contamination by COVID-19, this measure has limited the ability of individuals to exercise outdoors or in gyms and health clubs, which increased the risk of developing chronic illnesses related to a sedentary lifestyle. The critical point is that the recent recommendations on exercise prescription to combat the potentially harmful effects of COVID-19 failure to adequately address resistance exercise interventions as home-based exercise strategy. Thus, in this paper, we discussed the physical exercise as medicine if the training status is enough to protect the elderly against COVID-19 infection, about the role of physical activity on immunosuppression. Possible risks for COVID-19 infection, and the old training methods, such as no-load resistance training as possible resistance exercise strategies and high-intensity interval training, as new proposals of home-based exercise interventions, could perform during the current COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Rodrigues Scartoni
- Department of Physical Education, Catholic University of Petrópolis, Petrópolis, Brazil.,Sport and Exercise Sciences Laboratory, Catholic University of Petrópolis, Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - Leandro de Oliveira Sant'Ana
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Laboratory, Catholic University of Petrópolis, Petrópolis, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Eric Murillo-Rodriguez
- Molecular and Integrative Neuroscience Laboratory, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Mexico.,Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, México
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, México.,Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Claudio Imperatori
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, México.,Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Henning Budde
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, México.,MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jeferson Macedo Vianna
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Sergio Machado
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, México.,Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, São Gonçalo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Neurodiversity Institute, Queimados, Brazil
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68
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Sá Filho AS, Miranda TG, de Paula CC, Barsanulfo SR, Teixeira D, Monteiro D, Cid L, Imperatori C, Yamamoto T, Murillo-Rodriguez E, Amatriain Fernández S, Budde H, Machado S. COVID-19 and Quarantine: Expanding Understanding of How to Stay Physically Active at Home. Front Psychol 2020; 11:566032. [PMID: 33192841 PMCID: PMC7658189 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Souza Sá Filho
- Post Graduate Program of University Center of Anápolis (UniEVANGÉLICA), Anápolis, Brazil.,Physical Education Department of Universidade Paulista (UNIP-Campus Flamboyant), Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Cavalcante de Paula
- Post Graduate Program of University Center of Anápolis (UniEVANGÉLICA), Anápolis, Brazil.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Diogo Teixeira
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias (ULHT), Lisbon, Portugal.,Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- Department of Human Kinetics, ESECS, Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal.,Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luis Cid
- Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarém), Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Claudio Imperatori
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Mexico.,Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Science, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Mexico.,Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Eric Murillo-Rodriguez
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Mexico.,Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Yucatán, Mexico
| | | | - Henning Budde
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Mexico.,Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sergio Machado
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Mexico.,Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program of Salgado de Oliveira University (PPGCAF/UNIVERSO), Niterói, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Neurodiversity Institute, Queimados, Brazil
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69
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Vlietstra L, Waters DL, Jones LM, Meredith-Jones K. High-Intensity Interval Aerobic Resistance Training to Counteract Low Relative Appendicular Lean Soft Tissue Mass in Middle Age: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e22989. [PMID: 33064101 PMCID: PMC7600005 DOI: 10.2196/22989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function and may exist in early middle age. Previous research in this area has focused on resistance training in older individuals; however, there is a lack of intervention trials in middle-aged adults with low relative appendicular lean soft tissue mass who may be at risk for sarcopenia in older age. OBJECTIVE This randomized controlled trial aims to determine the effects of a high-intensity interval aerobic resistance training intervention on appendicular lean soft tissue mass in middle-aged adults with low relative appendicular lean soft tissue mass. METHODS We will conduct a 40-week, single-blinded randomized controlled trial in 84 middle-aged adults with low appendicular lean soft tissue mass in the wider Dunedin area, New Zealand. We will randomly allocate participants to receive either a group-based, 20-week high-intensity interval aerobic resistance training intervention program or a single, 60-minute education session on current exercise recommendations. After the first 20 weeks, both groups will be given a 20-week home program. The study will assess primary and secondary outcome measures, including body composition (regional and whole-body lean soft tissue mass, fat mass, percentage body fat, measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry), blood biomarkers (cortisol, creatinine, C-reactive protein, lipid profile, hemoglobin), physical fitness (maximum oxygen consumption, blood pressure), physical activity (accelerometry), physical function (handgrip strength, sit-to-stand, gait speed, quadriceps strength), and self-reported questionnaires (health outcomes, self-efficacy, perceived enjoyment of physical activity, and multifactorial lifestyle), at baseline, 20 weeks, and 40 weeks. Physical function and self-reported questionnaires will also be measured at 10 weeks. We will assess the primary outcome measure, total body lean soft tissue mass, at baseline, 20 weeks, and 40 weeks. Analyses will be performed using intention-to-treat principles, comparing the outcomes resulting from the intervention, using linear mixed models. RESULTS We obtained ethical approval for this study from The University of Otago Human Ethics Committee on December 10, 2018. Participant recruitment started on February 11, 2019 and was completed on May 14, 2019. Data collection started on February 25, 2019 and was completed on February 28, 2020. We expect to publish the results in January 2021. CONCLUSIONS High-intensity interval aerobic resistance training is a time-efficient form of exercise, enabling busy middle-aged adults to meet physical activity recommendations while maximizing training results. The findings can inform the development of future prevention-focused interventions aimed at counteracting the high prevalence of sarcopenia in the aging population. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12618001778279); https://tinyurl.com/y555z6fz. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/22989.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Vlietstra
- Department of Medicine, Otago Medical School, Dunedin Campus, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Debra L Waters
- Department of Medicine, Otago Medical School, Dunedin Campus, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lynnette M Jones
- School of Physical Education, Sport & Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kim Meredith-Jones
- Department of Medicine, Otago Medical School, Dunedin Campus, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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70
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Souza D, Coswig V, de Lira CAB, Gentil P. H″IT″ting the Barriers for Exercising during Social Isolation. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E245. [PMID: 32847134 PMCID: PMC7565488 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic exercise is traditionally recommended to improve general health and prevent many non-communicable diseases. However, the measures adopted to control the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak culminated with closing of exercise facilities and fitness centers and, as a primary consequence, impaired aerobic exercise practice. This contributed to an increase in risk factors associated with physical inactivity such as insulin resistance, high blood pressure, low-grade inflammation, weight gain, and mental health problems. The scenario is worrisome, and it is important to propose alternatives for exercise practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interval training (IT) emerges as an exercise mode that might be feasible, low-cost, and potentially safe to be performed in many different places. IT consists of interspersing relative brief bouts of high-intensity exercise with recovery periods and promotes similar or greater health benefits when compared to moderate-intensity continuous exercise. Among the different types of IT, sprint interval training and "Tabata protocols" might be particularly useful during social isolation. These protocols can be controlled and performed without the need of complex equipment and can be adapted to different places, including domestic environments. In this article, we present variations of IT as possible alternatives to cope physical inactivity during COVID-19 pandemics with a focus on its practical applications. The protocols suggested can be performed without the need of specialized equipment or facilities, in a time-efficient manner, and aiming to prevent detraining or even improve physical fitness and general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Souza
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (D.S.); (C.A.B.d.L.)
| | - Victor Coswig
- College of Physical Education, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil;
| | - Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (D.S.); (C.A.B.d.L.)
| | - Paulo Gentil
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (D.S.); (C.A.B.d.L.)
- Hypertension League, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74605-020, Brazil
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71
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Erlandson KM, Wilson MP, MaWhinney S, Rapaport E, Liu J, Wilson CC, Rahkola JT, Janoff EN, Brown TT, Campbell TB, Jankowski CM. The Impact of Moderate or High-Intensity Combined Exercise on Systemic Inflammation Among Older Persons With and Without HIV. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:1161-1170. [PMID: 32779711 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated whether higher-intensity exercise provided greater decrease in markers of inflammation, and whether responses differed by HIV serostatus. METHODS People with HIV (PWH; n = 32) and controls (n = 37) aged 50-75 years completed 12 weeks moderate-intensity exercise, then were randomized to moderate- or high-intensity exercise for 12 additional weeks (n = 27 and 29, respectively). Inflammation biomarkers were measured at 0, 12, 24 weeks. Mixed and multiple regression models were adjusted for baseline inflammation, age, and body mass index. RESULTS Baseline tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), soluble TNF receptor 2 (sTNFR2), and soluble CD14 (sCD14) were significantly higher among PWH than controls (P < .04). From week 0-12, changes in interleukin-6 (IL-6), TNF-α, and sTNFR1 were not significantly different by HIV serostatus. We found no significant interaction between HIV serostatus/exercise intensity on week 12-24 changes in IL-6, TNF-α, and sTNFR1. Among high-intensity exercisers, PWH and controls had significant increases in sCD14 (P ≤ .003), controls significant increases in IL-10 (P = .01), and PWH nonsignificant decrease in highly sensitive C-reactive protein (P = .07). Other markers were not significantly different by serostatus or intensity. CONCLUSIONS Moderate and high-intensity exercise elicited similar effects on inflammation among PWH and controls, with additional beneficial effects seen among high-intensity exercisers. Increase in sCD14 and attenuated IL-10 increase (PWH only) merit further study. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT02404792.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine M Erlandson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Melissa P Wilson
- School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Samantha MaWhinney
- School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Eric Rapaport
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jay Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Cara C Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jeremy T Rahkola
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Edward N Janoff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Todd T Brown
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas B Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Catherine M Jankowski
- College of Nursing, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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72
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Andersson SEM, Lange E, Kucharski D, Svedlund S, Önnheim K, Bergquist M, Josefsson E, Lord JM, Mårtensson IL, Mannerkorpi K, Gjertsson I. Moderate- to high intensity aerobic and resistance exercise reduces peripheral blood regulatory cell populations in older adults with rheumatoid arthritis. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2020; 17:12. [PMID: 32467712 PMCID: PMC7229606 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-020-00184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective Exercise can improve immune health and is beneficial for physical function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the immunological mechanisms are largely unknown. We evaluated the effect of moderate- to high intensity exercise with person-centred guidance on cells of the immune system, with focus on regulatory cell populations, in older adults with RA. Methods Older adults (≥65 years) with RA were randomized to either 20-weeks of moderate – to high intensity aerobic and resistance exercise (n = 24) or to an active control group performing home-based exercise of light intensity (n = 25). Aerobic capacity, muscle strength, DAS28 and CRP were evaluated. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after 20 weeks. The frequency of immune cells defined as adaptive regulatory populations, CD4 + Foxp3 + CD25 + CD127- T regulatory cells (Tregs) and CD19 + CD24hiCD38hi B regulatory cells (Bregs) as well as HLA-DR−/lowCD33 + CD11b + myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), were assessed using flow cytometry. Results After 20 weeks of moderate- to high intensity exercise, aerobic capacity and muscle strength were significantly improved but there were no significant changes in Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) or CRP. The frequency of Tregs and Bregs decreased significantly in the intervention group, but not in the active control group. The exercise intervention had no effect on MDSCs. The reduction in regulatory T cells in the intervention group was most pronounced in the female patients. Conclusion Moderate- to high intensity exercise in older adults with RA led to a decreased proportion of Tregs and Bregs, but that was not associated with increased disease activity or increased inflammation. Trial registration Improved Ability to Cope With Everyday Life Through a Person-centered Training Program in Elderly Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis - PEP-walk Study, NCT02397798. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov March 19, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia E M Andersson
- 1Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Elvira Lange
- 2University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care, Gothenburg, Sweden.,3Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Kucharski
- 1Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sara Svedlund
- 4Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Önnheim
- 1Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Maria Bergquist
- 5Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Josefsson
- 1Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Janet M Lord
- 6MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Inga-Lill Mårtensson
- 1Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Kaisa Mannerkorpi
- 2University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care, Gothenburg, Sweden.,3Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inger Gjertsson
- 1Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.,2University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care, Gothenburg, Sweden
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73
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Bartlett DB, Slentz CA, Willis LH, Hoselton A, Huebner JL, Kraus VB, Moss J, Muehlbauer MJ, Spielmann G, Muoio DM, Koves TR, Wu H, Huffman KM, Lord JM, Kraus WE. Rejuvenation of Neutrophil Functions in Association With Reduced Diabetes Risk Following Ten Weeks of Low-Volume High Intensity Interval Walking in Older Adults With Prediabetes - A Pilot Study. Front Immunol 2020; 11:729. [PMID: 32431698 PMCID: PMC7214668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil dysfunction is a common feature of aging, and is associated with the pathogenesis of many age-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although exercise training improves metabolic health, decreases risk of T2DM, and is associated with improving neutrophil functions, involvement in regular physical activity declines with age. The aim of this study was to determine if neutrophil functions could be improved in association with changes in fitness and metabolic parameters in older adults at risk for T2DM using 10-weeks of low volume high-intensity interval exercise training (HIIT). Ten older (71 ± 5 years) sedentary adults with prediabetes (HbA1c: 6.1 ± 0.3%) completed 10 weeks of a supervised HIIT program. Three 30 min sessions/week consisted of ten 60 s intervals of low intensity [50-60% heart rate reserve (HRR)] separated with similar durations of high intensity intervals (80-90% HRR). Before and after training, glucose and insulin sensitivity, neutrophil chemotaxis, bacterial phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondrial functions were assessed. Exercise-mediated changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak) and neutrophil functions were compared to six young (23 ± 1 years) healthy adults. Following training, significant reductions in fasting glucose and insulin were accompanied by improved glucose control and insulin sensitivity (all p < 0.05). Before exercise training, VO2peak in the old participants was significantly less than that of the young controls (p < 0.001), but increased by 16 ± 11% following training (p = 0.002) resulting in a 6% improvement of the deficit. Neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis and stimulated ROS production were significantly less than that of the young controls, while basal ROS were higher before training (all p < 0.05). Following training, chemotaxis, phagocytosis and stimulated ROS increased while basal ROS decreased, similar to levels observed in the young controls (all p < 0.05) and reducing the deficit of the young controls between 2 and 154%. In five of the adults with prediabetes, neutrophil mitochondrial functions were significantly poorer than the six young controls before training. Following training, mitochondrial functions improved toward those observed in young controls (all p < 0.05), reducing the deficit of the young controls between 14.3 and 451%. Ten weeks of HIIT in older adults at risk for T2DM reduced disease risk accompanied by improved primary and bioenergetic neutrophil functions. Our results are consistent with a reduced risk of infections mediated by relationships in exercise induced systemic and cellular metabolic features. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02441205, registered on May 12th, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B. Bartlett
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Cris A. Slentz
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Leslie H. Willis
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Andrew Hoselton
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Janet L. Huebner
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Virginia B. Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jennifer Moss
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Michael J. Muehlbauer
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Guillaume Spielmann
- Department of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Deborah M. Muoio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Timothy R. Koves
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Helena Wu
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kim M. Huffman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Janet M. Lord
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- NIHR Birmingham BRC in Inflammation, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - William E. Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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Weyh C, Krüger K, Strasser B. Physical Activity and Diet Shape the Immune System during Aging. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030622. [PMID: 32121049 PMCID: PMC7146449 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing age, the immune system undergoes a remodeling process, termed immunosenescence, which is accompanied by considerable shifts in leukocyte subpopulations and a decline in various immune cell functions. Clinically, immunosenescence is characterized by increased susceptibility to infections, a more frequent reactivation of latent viruses, decreased vaccine efficacy, and an increased prevalence of autoimmunity and cancer. Physiologically, the immune system has some adaptive strategies to cope with aging, while in some settings, maladaptive responses aggravate the speed of aging and morbidity. While a lack of physical activity, decreased muscle mass, and poor nutritional status facilitate immunosenescence and inflammaging, lifestyle factors such as exercise and dietary habits affect immune aging positively. This review will discuss the relevance and mechanisms of immunoprotection through physical activity and specific exercise interventions. In the second part, we will focus on the effect of dietary interventions through the supplementation of the essential amino acid tryptophan, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and probiotics (with a special focus on the kynurenine pathway).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Weyh
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Barbara Strasser
- Medical Faculty, Sigmund Freud Private University, A-1020 Vienna, Austria;
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75
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The effects of exercise on cardiovascular disease risk factors and cardiovascular physiology in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2019; 40:347-357. [PMID: 31802210 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-019-04483-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality is highly prevalent in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with debilitating effects for the individual as well as significant healthcare impact. Current evidence demonstrates that engaging in aerobic and resistance exercise (i.e. structured physical activity) can significantly improve patient-reported and clinical index-assessed outcomes in RA. In addition to this, engagement in exercise programmes improves, in a dose-dependent manner, the risk of developing CVD as well as CVD symptoms and outcomes. The present narrative review uses evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses as well as controlled trials, to synthesize the current state-of-the-art on the potential effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on CVD risk factors as well as on cardiac and vascular function and structure in people with RA. Where there is a lack of evidence in RA to explain potential mechanisms, relevant studies from the general population are also discussed and linked to RA.
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76
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Dorneles GP, Silva I, Boeira MC, Valentini D, Fonseca SG, Dal Lago P, Peres A, Romão PRT. Cardiorespiratory fitness modulates the proportions of monocytes and T helper subsets in lean and obese men. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:1755-1765. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gilson P. Dorneles
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Igor Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Boeira
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
- Research Center Methodist University Center IPA Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Diandra Valentini
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Dal Lago
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
- Research Center Methodist University Center IPA Porto Alegre Brazil
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Pedro R. T. Romão
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
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77
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Can physical activity ameliorate immunosenescence and thereby reduce age-related multi-morbidity? Nat Rev Immunol 2019; 19:563-572. [DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0177-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Liff MH, Hoff M, Fremo T, Wisløff U, Thomas R, Videm V. Cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is associated with the patient global assessment but not with objective measurements of disease activity. RMD Open 2019; 5:e000912. [PMID: 31168415 PMCID: PMC6525607 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2019-000912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) suffer from more cardiovascular disease (CVD), and develop cardiovascular risk factors at an earlier age than the general population. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an important predictor of cardiovascular health. There are few data regarding CRF of RA patients, measured as peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) by the gold standard method; cardiopulmonary exercise testing. We compared CRF in RA patients to those from a healthy population, and investigated if risk factors for CVD and RA-specific variables including subjective and objective disease activity measures were associated with CRF in RA patients. Methods VO2peak tests of RA patients (n=93) were compared to those of an age-matched and gender-matched healthy population (n=4631) from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study. Predictors of VO2peak were found using Lasso (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) regression, followed by standardised multiple linear regression. Results Women with RA ≥40 years and men with RA aged 40-49 years or 60-69 years had up to 20% lower CRF than the healthy population in the same age groups. By relative importance, body mass index (standardised coefficient=-0.25, p<0.001), physical activity level (coefficient=0.21, p<0.001), patient global assessment (PGA; coefficient=-0.14, p=0.006), systolic blood pressure (coefficient=-0.12, p=0.016), resting heart rate (coefficient=-0.11, p=0.032) and smoking (coefficient=-0.10, p=0.046) were significant predictors of CRF (R2=0.82, gender-adjusted and age-adjusted). Conclusion CRF in RA patients was lower than in a healthy population. CRF was associated with common risk factors for CVD and the PGA score. Focusing on fitness in RA patients may improve cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe Halsan Liff
- Department of Rheumatology, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mari Hoff
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science/Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Rheumatology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Thomas Fremo
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulrik Wisløff
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ranjeny Thomas
- Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vibeke Videm
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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79
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Rivera-Torres S, Fahey TD, Rivera MA. Adherence to Exercise Programs in Older Adults: Informative Report. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2019; 5:2333721418823604. [PMID: 30733977 PMCID: PMC6343518 DOI: 10.1177/2333721418823604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This informative report focuses on filling information gaps regarding adherence to physical activity and exercise in the health care spectrum of older adults (OA) and an overview of the benefits of physical activity for OA. Healthy People 2000, 2010, and 2020 are public health programs from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services that set national goals and objectives for promoting health and preventing disease. The programs include 10 leading health indicators that reflect major health problems, which concern OA. Exercise and physical activity are among the most important factors affecting health and longevity, but exercise adherence is a significant hindrance in achieving health goals in the OA. Exercise adherence in OA is a multifactorial problem encompassing many biopsychosocial factors. Factors affecting adherence in the OA include socioeconomic status, education level, living arrangements, health status, pacemakers, physical fitness, and depression. Improving adherence could have a significant impact on longevity, quality of life, and health care costs.
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80
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Andonian BJ, Bartlett DB, Huebner JL, Willis L, Hoselton A, Kraus VB, Kraus WE, Huffman KM. Effect of high-intensity interval training on muscle remodeling in rheumatoid arthritis compared to prediabetes. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:283. [PMID: 30587230 PMCID: PMC6307310 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1786-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcopenic obesity, associated with greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), may be related to dysregulated muscle remodeling. To determine whether exercise training could improve remodeling, we measured changes in inter-relationships of plasma galectin-3, skeletal muscle cytokines, and muscle myostatin in patients with RA and prediabetes before and after a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program. Methods Previously sedentary persons with either RA (n = 12) or prediabetes (n = 9) completed a 10-week supervised HIIT program. At baseline and after training, participants underwent body composition (Bod Pod®) and cardiopulmonary exercise testing, plasma collection, and vastus lateralis biopsies. Plasma galectin-3, muscle cytokines, muscle interleukin-1 beta (mIL-1β), mIL-6, mIL-8, muscle tumor necrosis factor-alpha (mTNF-α), mIL-10, and muscle myostatin were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. An independent cohort of patients with RA (n = 47) and age-, gender-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched non-RA controls (n = 23) were used for additional analyses of galectin-3 inter-relationships. Results Exercise training did not reduce mean concentration of galectin-3, muscle cytokines, or muscle myostatin in persons with either RA or prediabetes. However, training-induced alterations varied among individuals and were associated with cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition changes. Improved cardiorespiratory fitness (increased absolute peak maximal oxygen consumption, or VO2) correlated with reductions in galectin-3 (r = −0.57, P = 0.05 in RA; r = −0.48, P = 0.23 in prediabetes). Training-induced improvements in body composition were related to reductions in muscle IL-6 and TNF-α (r < −0.60 and P <0.05 for all). However, the association between increased lean mass and decreased muscle IL-6 association was stronger in prediabetes compared with RA (Fisher r-to-z P = 0.0004); in prediabetes but not RA, lean mass increases occurred in conjunction with reductions in muscle myostatin (r = −0.92; P <0.05; Fisher r-to-z P = 0.026). Subjects who received TNF inhibitors (n = 4) or hydroxychloroquine (n = 4) did not improve body composition with exercise training. Conclusion Exercise responses in muscle myostatin, cytokines, and body composition were significantly greater in prediabetes than in RA, consistent with impaired muscle remodeling in RA. To maximize physiologic improvements with exercise training in RA, a better understanding is needed of skeletal muscle and physiologic responses to exercise training and their modulation by RA disease–specific features or pharmacologic agents or both. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02528344. Registered on August 19, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Andonian
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, 300 N Duke St, Durham, NC, 27701, USA. .,Division of Rheumatology, Duke University School of Medicine, 40 Duke Medicine Circle Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - David B Bartlett
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, 300 N Duke St, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Janet L Huebner
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, 300 N Duke St, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Leslie Willis
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, 300 N Duke St, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Andrew Hoselton
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, 300 N Duke St, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Virginia B Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, 300 N Duke St, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Duke University School of Medicine, 40 Duke Medicine Circle Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - William E Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, 300 N Duke St, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Kim M Huffman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, 300 N Duke St, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Duke University School of Medicine, 40 Duke Medicine Circle Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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