51
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Warnecke A, Harre J, Staecker H, Prenzler N, Strunk D, Couillard‐Despres S, Romanelli P, Hollerweger J, Lassacher T, Auer D, Pachler K, Wietzorrek G, Köhl U, Lenarz T, Schallmoser K, Laner‐Plamberger S, Falk CS, Rohde E, Gimona M. Extracellular vesicles from human multipotent stromal cells protect against hearing loss after noise trauma in vivo. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e262. [PMID: 33377658 PMCID: PMC7752163 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of approved anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective therapies in otology has been acknowledged in the last decades and recent approaches are heralding a new era in the field. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human multipotent (mesenchymal) stromal cells (MSC) can be enriched in vesicular secretome fractions, which have been shown to exert effects (eg, neuroprotection and immunomodulation) of their parental cells. Hence, MSC-derived EVs may serve as novel drug candidates for several inner ear diseases. Here, we provide first evidence of a strong neuroprotective potential of human stromal cell-derived EVs on inner ear physiology. In vitro, MSC-EV preparations exerted immunomodulatory activity on T cells and microglial cells. Moreover, local application of MSC-EVs to the inner ear significantly attenuated hearing loss and protected auditory hair cells from noise-induced trauma in vivo. Thus, EVs derived from the vesicular secretome of human MSC may represent a next-generation biological drug that can exert protective therapeutic effects in a complex and nonregenerating organ like the inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Warnecke
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck SurgeryHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Jennifer Harre
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck SurgeryHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Hinrich Staecker
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Kansas School of MedicineKansas CityKansas
| | - Nils Prenzler
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck SurgeryHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Cell TherapySpinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS)Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Sebastien Couillard‐Despres
- Institute of Experimental NeuroregenerationSpinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS)Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
| | - Pasquale Romanelli
- Institute of Experimental NeuroregenerationSpinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS)Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Julia Hollerweger
- GMP Unit, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS)Paracelsus Medical University (PMU)SalzburgAustria
| | - Teresa Lassacher
- GMP Unit, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS)Paracelsus Medical University (PMU)SalzburgAustria
| | - Daniela Auer
- GMP Unit, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS)Paracelsus Medical University (PMU)SalzburgAustria
| | - Karin Pachler
- Research Program “Nanovesicular Therapies,”Paracelsus Medical University (PMU)SalzburgAustria
| | - Georg Wietzorrek
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Ulrike Köhl
- Institute of Cellular TherapeuticsHannover Medical School and Clinical ImmunologyUniversity Leipzig, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and ImmunologyLeipzigGermany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck SurgeryHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Katharina Schallmoser
- GMP Unit, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS)Paracelsus Medical University (PMU)SalzburgAustria
- Department of Transfusion MedicineUniversity HospitalSalzburger Landeskliniken GesmbH (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University (PMU)SalzburgAustria
| | - Sandra Laner‐Plamberger
- Department of Transfusion MedicineUniversity HospitalSalzburger Landeskliniken GesmbH (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University (PMU)SalzburgAustria
| | - Christine S. Falk
- Institute of Transplant ImmunologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Eva Rohde
- GMP Unit, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS)Paracelsus Medical University (PMU)SalzburgAustria
- Department of Transfusion MedicineUniversity HospitalSalzburger Landeskliniken GesmbH (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University (PMU)SalzburgAustria
| | - Mario Gimona
- GMP Unit, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS)Paracelsus Medical University (PMU)SalzburgAustria
- Research Program “Nanovesicular Therapies,”Paracelsus Medical University (PMU)SalzburgAustria
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52
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Hady TF, Hwang B, Pusic AD, Waworuntu RL, Mulligan M, Ratner B, Bryers JD. Uniform 40-µm-pore diameter precision templated scaffolds promote a pro-healing host response by extracellular vesicle immune communication. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 15:24-36. [PMID: 33217150 DOI: 10.1002/term.3160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Implanted porous precision templated scaffolds (PTS) with 40-µm spherical pores reduce inflammation and foreign body reaction (FBR) while increasing vascular density upon implantation. Larger or smaller pores, however, promote chronic inflammation and FBR. While macrophage (MØ) recruitment and polarization participates in perpetuating this pore-size-mediated phenomenon, the driving mechanism of this unique pro-healing response is poorly characterized. We hypothesized that the primarily myeloid PTS resident cells release small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) that induce pore-size-dependent pro-healing effects in surrounding T cells. Upon profiling resident immune cells and their sEVs from explanted 40-µm- (pro-healing) and 100-µm-pore diameter (inflammatory) PTS, we found that PTS pore size did not affect PTS resident immune cell population ratios or the proportion of myeloid sEVs generated from explanted PTS. However, quantitative transcriptomic assessment indicated cell and sEV phenotype were pore size dependent. In vitro experiments demonstrated the ability of PTS cell-derived sEVs to stimulate T cells transcriptionally and proliferatively. Specifically, sEVs isolated from cells inhabiting explanted 100 μm PTS significantly upregulated Th1 inflammatory gene expression in immortalized T cells. sEVs isolated from cell inhabiting both 40- and 100-μm PTS upregulated essential Treg transcriptional markers in both primary and immortalized T cells. Finally, we investigated the effects of Treg depletion on explanted PTS resident cells. FoxP3+ cell depletion suggests Tregs play a unique role in balancing T cell subset ratios, thus driving host response in 40-μm PTS. These results indicate that predominantly 40-µm PTS myeloid cell-derived sEVs affect T cells through a distinct, pore-size-mediated modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Hady
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Billanna Hwang
- Center for Lung Biology, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,West Coast Exosortium (Westco Exosortium), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - A D Pusic
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Racheal L Waworuntu
- Center for Lung Biology, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Mulligan
- Center for Lung Biology, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,West Coast Exosortium (Westco Exosortium), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Buddy Ratner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - James D Bryers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,West Coast Exosortium (Westco Exosortium), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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53
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Zinger A, Brozovich A, Pasto A, Sushnitha M, Martinez JO, Evangelopoulos M, Boada C, Tasciotti E, Taraballi F. Bioinspired Extracellular Vesicles: Lessons Learned From Nature for Biomedicine and Bioengineering. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2172. [PMID: 33143238 PMCID: PMC7693812 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Efficient communication is essential in all layers of the biological chain. Cells exchange information using a variety of signaling moieties, such as small molecules, proteins, and nucleic acids. Cells carefully package these messages into lipid complexes, collectively named extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this work, we discuss the nature of these cell carriers, categorize them by their origin, explore their role in the homeostasis of healthy tissues, and examine how they regulate the pathophysiology of several diseases. This review will also address the limitations of using EVs for clinical applications and discuss novel methods to engineer nanoparticles to mimic the structure, function, and features of EVs. Using lessons learned from nature and understanding how cells use EVs to communicate across distant sites, we can develop a better understanding of how to tailor the fundamental features of drug delivery carriers to encapsulate various cargos and target specific sites for biomedicine and bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Zinger
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (J.O.M.); (M.E.); (C.B.); (E.T.)
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ava Brozovich
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (J.O.M.); (M.E.); (C.B.); (E.T.)
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Anna Pasto
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (J.O.M.); (M.E.); (C.B.); (E.T.)
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Manuela Sushnitha
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (J.O.M.); (M.E.); (C.B.); (E.T.)
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan O. Martinez
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (J.O.M.); (M.E.); (C.B.); (E.T.)
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael Evangelopoulos
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (J.O.M.); (M.E.); (C.B.); (E.T.)
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christian Boada
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (J.O.M.); (M.E.); (C.B.); (E.T.)
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (J.O.M.); (M.E.); (C.B.); (E.T.)
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Biotechnology Program, San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Roma RM, Italy
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (J.O.M.); (M.E.); (C.B.); (E.T.)
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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54
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Zwi-Dantsis L, Winter CW, Kauscher U, Ferrini A, Wang B, Whittaker TE, Hood SR, Terracciano CM, Stevens MM. Highly purified extracellular vesicles from human cardiomyocytes demonstrate preferential uptake by human endothelial cells. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:19844-19854. [PMID: 32969445 PMCID: PMC7610784 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04278a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a promising cell-free alternative for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, the lack of standardised and reproducible isolation methods capable of recovering pure, intact EVs presents a significant obstacle. Additionally, there is significant interest in investigating the interactions of EVs with different cardiac cell types. Here we established a robust technique for the production and isolation of EVs harvested from an enriched (>97% purity) population of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) with size exclusion chromatography. Utilizing an advanced fluorescence labelling strategy, we then investigated the interplay of the CM-EVs with the three major cellular components of the myocardium (fibroblasts, cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells) and identified that cardiac endothelial cells show preferential uptake of these EVs. Overall, our findings provide a great opportunity to overcome the translational hurdles associated with the isolation of intact, non-aggregated human iPSC-CM EVs at high purity. Furthermore, understanding in detail the interaction of the secreted EVs with their surrounding cells in the heart may open promising new avenues in the field of EV engineering for targeted delivery in cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limor Zwi-Dantsis
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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55
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Extracellular microvesicles/exosomes: discovery, disbelief, acceptance, and the future? Leukemia 2020; 34:3126-3135. [PMID: 32929129 PMCID: PMC7685969 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-01041-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There are concepts in science that need time to overcome initial disbelief before finally arriving at the moment when they are embraced by the research community. One of these concepts is the biological meaning of the small, spheroidal vesicles released from cells, which are described in the literature as microparticles, microvesicles, or exosomes. In the beginning, this research was difficult, as it was hard to distinguish these small vesicles from cell debris or apoptotic bodies. However, they may represent the first language of cell-cell communication, which existed before a more specific intercellular cross-talk between ligands and receptors emerged during evolution. In this review article, we will use the term "extracellular microvesicles" (ExMVs) to refer to these small spheroidal blebs of different sizes surrounded by a lipid layer of membrane. We have accepted an invitation from the Editor-in-Chief to write this review in observance of the 20th anniversary of the 2001 ASH Meeting when our team demonstrated that, by horizontal transfer of several bioactive molecules, including mRNA species and proteins, ExMVs harvested from embryonic stem cells could modify hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and expand them ex vivo. Interestingly, the result that moved ExMV research forward was published first in 2005 in Leukemia, having been previously rejected by other major scientific journals out of simple disbelief. Therefore, the best judge of a new concept is the passage of time, although the speed of its adoption is aided by perseverance and confidence in one's own data. In this perspective article, we will provide a brief update on the current status of, hopes for, and likely future of ExMV research as well as therapeutic and diagnostic applications, with a special emphasis on hematopoiesis.
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56
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Lopatina T, Favaro E, Danilova L, Fertig EJ, Favorov AV, Kagohara LT, Martone T, Bussolati B, Romagnoli R, Albera R, Pecorari G, Brizzi MF, Camussi G, Gaykalova DA. Extracellular Vesicles Released by Tumor Endothelial Cells Spread Immunosuppressive and Transforming Signals Through Various Recipient Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:698. [PMID: 33015029 PMCID: PMC7509153 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a high recurrence and metastatic rate with an unknown mechanism of cancer spread. Tumor inflammation is the most critical processes of cancer onset, growth, and metastasis. We hypothesize that the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by tumor endothelial cells (TECs) induce reprogramming of immune cells as well as stromal cells to create an immunosuppressive microenvironment that favor tumor spread. We call this mechanism as non-metastatic contagious carcinogenesis. Extracellular vesicles were collected from primary HNSCC-derived endothelial cells (TEC-EV) and were used for stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and primary adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). Regulation of ASC gene expression was investigated by RNA sequencing and protein array. PBMC, stimulated with TEC-EV, were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. We validated in vitro the effects of TEC-EV on ASCs or PBMC by measuring invasion, adhesion, and proliferation. We found and confirmed that TEC-EV were able to change ASC inflammatory gene expression signature within 24-48 h. TEC-EV were also able to enhance the secretion of TGF-β1 and IL-10 by PBMC and to increase T regulatory cell (Treg) expansion. TEC-EV carry specific proteins and RNAs that are responsible for Treg differentiation and immune suppression. ASCs and PBMC, treated with TEC-EV, enhanced proliferation, adhesion of tumor cells, and their invasion. These data indicate that TEC-EV exhibit a mechanism of non-metastatic contagious carcinogenesis that regulates tumor microenvironment and reprograms immune cells to sustain tumor growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Lopatina
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrica Favaro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ludmila Danilova
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Laboratory of System Biology and Computational Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elana J Fertig
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alexander V Favorov
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Laboratory of System Biology and Computational Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Luciane T Kagohara
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tiziana Martone
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Renato Romagnoli
- General Surgery 2U, Liver Transplantation Center, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Albera
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin School of Medicine, Turin, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pecorari
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin School of Medicine, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Daria A Gaykalova
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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57
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Matsukura T, Inaba C, Weygant EA, Kitamura D, Janknecht R, Matsumoto H, Hyink DP, Kashiwada S, Obara T. Extracellular vesicles from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells repair organ damage caused by cadmium poisoning in a medaka model. Physiol Rep 2020; 7:e14172. [PMID: 31325249 PMCID: PMC6642321 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment modalities for kidney disease caused by long-term exposure to heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd), are limited. Often, chronic, long-term environmental exposure to heavy metal is not recognized in the early stages; therefore, chelation therapy is not an effective option. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from stem cells have been demonstrated to reduce disease pathology in both acute and chronic kidney disease models. To test the ability of EVs derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) to treat Cd damage, we generated a Cd-exposed medaka model. This model develops heavy metal-induced cell damage in various organs and tissues, and shows decreased overall survival. Intravenous injection of highly purified EVs from hBM-MSCs repaired the damage to apical and basolateral membranes and mitochondria of kidney proximal tubules, glomerular podocytes, bone deformation, and improved survival. Our system also serves as a model with which to study age- and sex-dependent cell injuries of organs caused by various agents and diseases. The beneficial effects of EVs on the tissue repair process, as shown in our novel Cd-exposed medaka model, may open new broad avenues for interventional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Matsukura
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Department of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Chisako Inaba
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Esther A Weygant
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Daiki Kitamura
- Department of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Ralf Janknecht
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Hiroyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Clinical Proteomics and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Kurume University Graduate School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Deborah P Hyink
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Tomoko Obara
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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58
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Mas-Bargues C, Sanz-Ros J, Román-Domínguez A, Gimeno-Mallench L, Inglés M, Viña J, Borrás C. Extracellular Vesicles from Healthy Cells Improves Cell Function and Stemness in Premature Senescent Stem Cells by miR-302b and HIF-1α Activation. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060957. [PMID: 32630449 PMCID: PMC7357081 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by the accumulation of senescent cells that alter intercellular communication, thereby impairing tissue homeostasis and reducing organ regenerative potential. Recently, the administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles has proven to be more effective and less challenging than current stem cell-based therapies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain a cell-specific cargo of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids that are released and taken up by probably all cell types, thereby inducing functional changes via the horizontal transfer of their cargo. Here, we describe the beneficial properties of extracellular vesicles derived from non-senescent MSC, cultured in a low physiological oxygen tension (3%) microenvironment into prematurely senescent MSC, cultured in a hyperoxic ambient (usual oxygen culture conditions, i.e., 21%). We observed that senescent MCS, treated with EVs from non-senescent MCS, showed reduced SA-β-galactosidase activity levels and pluripotency factor (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and cMYC, or OSKM) overexpression and increased glycolysis, as well as reduced oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Moreover, these EVs’ cargo induced the upregulation of miR-302b and HIF-1α levels in the target cells. We propose that miR-302b triggered HIF-1α upregulation, which in turn activated different pathways to delay premature senescence, improve stemness and switch energetic metabolism towards glycolysis. Taken together, we suggest that EVs could be a powerful tool to restore altered intercellular communication and improve stem cell function and stemness, thus delaying stem cell exhaustion in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mas-Bargues
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.-B.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (L.G.-M.); (J.V.)
| | - Jorge Sanz-Ros
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.-B.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (L.G.-M.); (J.V.)
| | - Aurora Román-Domínguez
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.-B.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (L.G.-M.); (J.V.)
| | - Lucia Gimeno-Mallench
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.-B.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (L.G.-M.); (J.V.)
| | - Marta Inglés
- Freshage Research Group, Department Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - José Viña
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.-B.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (L.G.-M.); (J.V.)
| | - Consuelo Borrás
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.-B.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (L.G.-M.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence:
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59
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Liu M, Zhang Z, Ding C, Wang T, Kelly B, Wang P. Transcriptomic Analysis of Extracellular RNA Governed by the Endocytic Adaptor Protein Cin1 of Cryptococcus deneoformans. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:256. [PMID: 32656093 PMCID: PMC7324655 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane vesicles are considered virulence cargoes as they carry capsular and melanin components whose secretory transport is critical for the virulence of the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus species. However, other components of the vesicles and their function in the growth and virulence of the fungus remain unclear. We have previously found that the cryptococcal intersectin protein Cin1 governs a unique Cin1-Wsp1-Cdc42 endocytic pathway required for intracellular transport and virulence. Using RNA sequencing, we compared the profiles of extracellular RNA (exRNA), including microRNA (miRNA), small interference RNA (siRNA), long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), and messenger RNA (mRNA) between the wild-type (WT), and derived Δcin1 mutant strains of Cryptococcus deneoformans. Seven hundred twelve miRNAs and 88 siRNAs were identified from WT, whereas 799 miRNAs and 66 siRNAs were found in Δcin1. Also, 572 lncRNAs and 7,721 mRNAs were identified from WT and 584 lncRNAs and 7,703 mRNAs from Δcin1. Differential expression analysis revealed that the disruption of CIN1 results in many important cellular changes, including those in exRNA expression, transport, and function. First, for miRNA target genes, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that cellular processes, components, and macromolecular functions are the most affected pathways. A higher number of genes were involved in the intracellular transport of endocytosis. Second, the results of GO term and KEGG analysis of differentially expressed lncRNA target genes and mRNA genes were consistent with those of miRNA targets. In particular, protein export is the topmost affected pathway among lncRNA target genes and one of the affected pathways among mRNA genes. The result of quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) from 12 mRNAs tested is largely agreeable with that of RNA-Seq. Taken together, our studies provide a comprehensive reference that Cryptococcus secretes abundant RNAs and that Cin1 plays a critical role in regulating their secretion. Given the growing clinical importance of exRNAs, our studies illuminate the significance of exploring this cutting-edge technology in studies of cryptococcal pathogenesis for the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muxing Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengguang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Ding
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Liaoning, China
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Ben Kelly
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Chiabotto G, Camussi G, Bruno S. Role of ncRNAs in modulation of liver fibrosis by extracellular vesicles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s41544-020-00050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane vesicles carrying bioactive lipids, proteins and nucleic acids of the cell of origin. In particular, EVs carry non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and the vesicle membrane may protect them from degradation. Once released within the extracellular space, EVs can transfer their cargo, including ncRNAs, to neighboring or distant cells, thus inducing phenotypical and functional changes that may be relevant in several physio-pathological conditions. This review provides an overview of the role of EV-carried ncRNAs in the modulation of liver fibrosis. In particular, we focused on EV-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved into the development of liver fibrosis and on the potential use of EV-associated ncRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of liver fibrosis.
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Budgude P, Kale V, Vaidya A. Mesenchymal stromal cell‐derived extracellular vesicles as cell‐free biologics for the ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1078-1102. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Budgude
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell ResearchSymbiosis International (Deemed University) Pune 412115 India
| | - Vaijayanti Kale
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell ResearchSymbiosis International (Deemed University) Pune 412115 India
| | - Anuradha Vaidya
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell ResearchSymbiosis International (Deemed University) Pune 412115 India
- Symbiosis School of Biological SciencesSymbiosis International (Deemed University) Pune 412115 India
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Galeano-Otero I, Del Toro R, Guisado A, Díaz I, Mayoral-González I, Guerrero-Márquez F, Gutiérrez-Carretero E, Casquero-Domínguez S, Díaz-de la Llera L, Barón-Esquivias G, Jiménez-Navarro M, Smani T, Ordóñez-Fernández A. Circulating miR-320a as a Predictive Biomarker for Left Ventricular Remodelling in STEMI Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1051. [PMID: 32276307 PMCID: PMC7230612 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Restoration of epicardial coronary blood flow, achieved by early reperfusion with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI), is the guideline recommended to treat patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, despite successful blood restoration, increasing numbers of patients develop left ventricular adverse remodelling (LVAR) and heart failure. Therefore, reliable prognostic biomarkers for LVAR in STEMI are urgently needed. Our aim was to investigate the role of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) and their association with LVAR in STEMI patients following the PPCI procedure. We analysed the expression of circulating miRNAs in blood samples of 56 patients collected at admission and after revascularization (at 3, 6, 12 and 24 h). The associations between miRNAs and left ventricular end diastolic volumes at 6 months were estimated to detect LVAR. miRNAs were also analysed in samples isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and human myocardium of failing hearts. Kinetic analysis of miRNAs showed a fast time-dependent increase in miR-133a, miR-133b, miR-193b, miR-499, and miR-320a in STEMI patients compared to controls. Moreover, the expression of miR-29a, miR-29b, miR-324, miR-208, miR-423, miR-522, and miR-545 was differentially expressed even before PPCI in STEMI. Furthermore, the increase in circulating miR-320a and the decrease in its expression in PBMCs were significantly associated with LVAR and correlated with the expression of miR-320a in human failing myocardium from ischaemic origin. In conclusion, we determined the time course expression of new circulating miRNAs in patients with STEMI treated with PPCI and we showed that miR-320a was positively associated with LVAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Galeano-Otero
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain (R.D.T.)
- Grupo de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-IBiS, Universidad de Sevilla/HUVR/Junta de Andalucía/CSIC, Sevilla 41013, CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.D.); (I.M.-G.); (E.G.-C.); (G.B.-E.)
| | - Raquel Del Toro
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain (R.D.T.)
- Grupo de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-IBiS, Universidad de Sevilla/HUVR/Junta de Andalucía/CSIC, Sevilla 41013, CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.D.); (I.M.-G.); (E.G.-C.); (G.B.-E.)
| | - Agustín Guisado
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (A.G.); (F.G.-M.); (S.C.-D.)
| | - Ignacio Díaz
- Grupo de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-IBiS, Universidad de Sevilla/HUVR/Junta de Andalucía/CSIC, Sevilla 41013, CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.D.); (I.M.-G.); (E.G.-C.); (G.B.-E.)
| | - Isabel Mayoral-González
- Grupo de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-IBiS, Universidad de Sevilla/HUVR/Junta de Andalucía/CSIC, Sevilla 41013, CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.D.); (I.M.-G.); (E.G.-C.); (G.B.-E.)
| | - Francisco Guerrero-Márquez
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (A.G.); (F.G.-M.); (S.C.-D.)
| | - Encarnación Gutiérrez-Carretero
- Grupo de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-IBiS, Universidad de Sevilla/HUVR/Junta de Andalucía/CSIC, Sevilla 41013, CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.D.); (I.M.-G.); (E.G.-C.); (G.B.-E.)
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (A.G.); (F.G.-M.); (S.C.-D.)
| | - Sara Casquero-Domínguez
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (A.G.); (F.G.-M.); (S.C.-D.)
| | - Luis Díaz-de la Llera
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (A.G.); (F.G.-M.); (S.C.-D.)
| | - Gonzalo Barón-Esquivias
- Grupo de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-IBiS, Universidad de Sevilla/HUVR/Junta de Andalucía/CSIC, Sevilla 41013, CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.D.); (I.M.-G.); (E.G.-C.); (G.B.-E.)
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (A.G.); (F.G.-M.); (S.C.-D.)
| | - Manuel Jiménez-Navarro
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga 29010, CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Tarik Smani
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain (R.D.T.)
- Grupo de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-IBiS, Universidad de Sevilla/HUVR/Junta de Andalucía/CSIC, Sevilla 41013, CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.D.); (I.M.-G.); (E.G.-C.); (G.B.-E.)
| | - Antonio Ordóñez-Fernández
- Grupo de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-IBiS, Universidad de Sevilla/HUVR/Junta de Andalucía/CSIC, Sevilla 41013, CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.D.); (I.M.-G.); (E.G.-C.); (G.B.-E.)
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (A.G.); (F.G.-M.); (S.C.-D.)
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Lian Z, Hu Z, Xian H, Jiang R, Huang H, Jiang Y, Zheng Z, Lloyd RS, Yuan J, Sha Y, Wang S, Hu D. Exosomes derived from normal human bronchial epithelial cells down-regulate proliferation and migration of hydroquinone-transformed malignant recipient cells via up-regulating PTEN expression. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125496. [PMID: 31812062 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The gene encoding the tumor suppressor, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), located on chromosome 10, is frequently expressed at low levels in various tumors, resulting in the stimulation of cell proliferation and migration. However, the role of exosomal PTEN in cell-cell communication during the progress of benzene-induced carcinogenesis remains unclear. The goal of this study was to explore whether exosomes derived from normal human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) could transmit PTEN to hydroquinone-transformed malignant recipient cells (16HBE-t) and its possible effects on cell proliferation and migration. Consistent with PTEN expression being down-regulated in transformed cells, we found that its expression was significantly decreased in 16HBE-t relative to 16HBE cells and that purified exosomes secreted by 16HBE, up-regulated PTEN levels in recipient 16HBE-t cells. Thus, down-regulating their proliferation and migration. Further, when exosomes derived from 16HBE cells that had been treated with the PTEN inhibitor SF1670, were incubated with recipient 16HBE-t cells, they exhibited decreased PTEN levels, with a corresponding increase in their proliferation and migration. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that exosomes derived from 16HBE cells can down-regulate proliferation and migration of recipient 16HBE-t cells via transferring PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Lian
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zuqing Hu
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Hongyi Xian
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ran Jiang
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Haoyu Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yunxia Jiang
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhongdaixi Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - R Stephen Lloyd
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S. W. Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jianhui Yuan
- Nanshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518054, China
| | - Yan Sha
- Institute of Occupational Disease, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Disease, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Sanming Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, SAR, Macau, China
| | - Dalin Hu
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Potential Applications of Extracellular Vesicles in Solid Organ Transplantation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020369. [PMID: 32033489 PMCID: PMC7072603 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in cell-to-cell communication by delivering coding and non-coding RNA species and proteins to target cells. Recently, the therapeutic potential of EVs has been shown to extend to the field of solid organ transplantations. Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) in particular have been proposed as a new tool to improve graft survival, thanks to the modulation of tolerance toward the graft, and to their anti-fibrotic and pro-angiogenic effects. Moreover, MSC-EVs may reduce ischemia reperfusion injury, improving the recovery from acute damage. In addition, EVs currently considered helpful tools for preserving donor organs when administered before transplant in the context of hypothermic or normothermic perfusion machines. The addition of EVs to the perfusion solution, recently proposed for kidney, lung, and liver grafts, resulted in the amelioration of donor organ viability and functionality. EVs may therefore be of therapeutic interest in different aspects of the transplantation process for increasing the number of available organs and improving their long-term survival.
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Buchwald JE, Xu J, Bozorgzadeh A, Martins PN. Therapeutics administered during ex vivo liver machine perfusion: An overview. World J Transplant 2020; 10:1-14. [PMID: 32110510 PMCID: PMC7031625 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v10.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the use of extended criteria donors has increased the pool of available livers for transplant, it has also introduced the need to develop improved methods of protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), as these "marginal" organs are particularly vulnerable to IRI during the process of procurement, preservation, surgery, and post-transplantation. In this review, we explore the current basic science research investigating therapeutics administered during ex vivo liver machine perfusion aimed at mitigating the effects of IRI in the liver transplantation process. These various categories of therapeutics are utilized during the perfusion process and include invoking the RNA interference pathway, utilizing defatting cocktails, and administering classes of agents such as vasodilators, anti-inflammatory drugs, human liver stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles, and δ-opioid agonists in order to reduce the damage of IRI. Ex vivo machine perfusion is an attractive alternative to static cold storage due to its ability to continuously perfuse the organ, effectively deliver substrates and oxygen required for cellular metabolism, therapeutically administer pharmacological or cytoprotective agents, and continuously monitor organ viability during perfusion. The use of administered therapeutics during machine liver perfusion has demonstrated promising results in basic science studies. While novel therapeutic approaches to combat IRI are being developed through basic science research, their use in clinical medicine and treatment in patients for liver transplantation has yet to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna E Buchwald
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, United States
| | - Jing Xu
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, United States
| | - Adel Bozorgzadeh
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, United States
| | - Paulo N Martins
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, United States
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Martínez-Rojas PP, Quiroz-García E, Monroy-Martínez V, Agredano-Moreno LT, Jiménez-García LF, Ruiz-Ordaz BH. Participation of Extracellular Vesicles from Zika-Virus-Infected Mosquito Cells in the Modification of Naïve Cells' Behavior by Mediating Cell-to-Cell Transmission of Viral Elements. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010123. [PMID: 31947958 PMCID: PMC7016930 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, no safe vaccine or antivirals for Zika virus (ZIKV) infection have been found. The pathogenesis of severe Zika, where host and viral factors participate, remains unclear. For the control of Zika, it is important to understand how ZIKV interacts with different host cells. Knowledge of the targeted cellular pathways which allow ZIKV to productively replicate and/or establish prolonged viral persistence contributes to novel vaccines and therapies. Monocytes and endothelial vascular cells are the main ZIKV targets. During the infection process, cells are capable of releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are mediators of intercellular communication. We found that mosquito EVs released from ZIKV-infected (C6/36) cells carry viral RNA and ZIKV-E protein and are able to infect and activate naïve mosquito and mammalian cells. ZIKV C6/36 EVs promote the differentiation of naïve monocytes and induce a pro-inflammatory state with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) mRNA expression. ZIKV C6/36 EVs participate in endothelial vascular cell damage by inducing coagulation (TF) and inflammation (PAR-1) receptors at the endothelial surface of the cell membranes and promote a pro-inflammatory state with increased endothelial permeability. These data suggest that ZIKV C6/36 EVs may contribute to the pathogenesis of ZIKV infection in human hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Pablo Martínez-Rojas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México; (P.P.M.-R.); (E.Q.-G.); (V.M.-M.)
| | - Elizabeth Quiroz-García
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México; (P.P.M.-R.); (E.Q.-G.); (V.M.-M.)
| | - Verónica Monroy-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México; (P.P.M.-R.); (E.Q.-G.); (V.M.-M.)
| | - Lourdes Teresa Agredano-Moreno
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México; (L.T.A.-M.); (L.F.J.-G.)
| | - Luis Felipe Jiménez-García
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México; (L.T.A.-M.); (L.F.J.-G.)
| | - Blanca H. Ruiz-Ordaz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México; (P.P.M.-R.); (E.Q.-G.); (V.M.-M.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +521-55-56228931
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Spadafora C. Transgenerational epigenetic reprogramming of early embryos: a mechanistic model. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2020; 6:dvaa009. [PMID: 32704385 PMCID: PMC7368376 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The notion that epigenetic information can be transmitted across generations is supported by mounting waves of data, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, a model is proposed which combines different lines of experimental evidence. First, it has been shown that somatic tissues exposed to stressing stimuli release circulating RNA-containing extracellular vesicles; second, epididymal spermatozoa can take up, internalize and deliver the RNA-containing extracellular vesicles to oocytes at fertilization; third, early embryos can process RNA-based information. These elements constitute the building blocks upon which the model is built. The model proposes that a continuous stream of epigenetic information flows from parental somatic tissues to the developing embryos. The flow can cross the Weismann barrier, is mediated by circulating vesicles and epididymal spermatozoa, and has the potential to generate epigenetic traits that are then stably acquired in the offspring. In a broader perspective, it emerges that a natural 'assembly line' operates continuously, aiming at passing the parental epigenetic blueprint in growing embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Spadafora
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council (CNR), 100 Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence address. Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council (CNR), 100 Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy. Tel: +39 0649917536; Fax: +39 064457529; E-mail: ;
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Medica D, Dellepiane S, Cantaluppi V. Regenerative Role of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Acute Kidney Injury. Nephron Clin Pract 2020; 144:638-643. [DOI: 10.1159/000511347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of hospital admission and worsens short- and long-term patients’ prognosis. Currently, AKI treatment remains supportive and no therapy has proven significant benefit in clinical trials. Stem cells (SCs) are a promising therapeutic option, but their translation to the clinical setting is limited by the risk of rejection or aberrant differentiation. Numerous studies have shown how SC effects are mediated by paracrine factors such as extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this review, we describe the preclinical evidence about EV efficacy in acute tubular and glomerular injury and the recently generated clinical data.
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69
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Marolt Presen D, Traweger A, Gimona M, Redl H. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Bone Regeneration Therapies: From Cell Transplantation and Tissue Engineering to Therapeutic Secretomes and Extracellular Vesicles. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:352. [PMID: 31828066 PMCID: PMC6890555 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective regeneration of bone defects often presents significant challenges, particularly in patients with decreased tissue regeneration capacity due to extensive trauma, disease, and/or advanced age. A number of studies have focused on enhancing bone regeneration by applying mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) or MSC-based bone tissue engineering strategies. However, translation of these approaches from basic research findings to clinical use has been hampered by the limited understanding of MSC therapeutic actions and complexities, as well as costs related to the manufacturing, regulatory approval, and clinical use of living cells and engineered tissues. More recently, a shift from the view of MSCs directly contributing to tissue regeneration toward appreciating MSCs as "cell factories" that secrete a variety of bioactive molecules and extracellular vesicles with trophic and immunomodulatory activities has steered research into new MSC-based, "cell-free" therapeutic modalities. The current review recapitulates recent developments, challenges, and future perspectives of these various MSC-based bone tissue engineering and regeneration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Marolt Presen
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Traweger
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mario Gimona
- GMP Unit, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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70
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Biodistribution of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in a Radiation Injury Bone Marrow Murine Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215468. [PMID: 31684046 PMCID: PMC6861905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that injury induced by irradiation to murine marrow can be partially or completely reversed by exposure to human or murine mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). Investigation of the biodistribution of EVs in vivo is essential for understanding EV biology. In this study, we evaluated the DiD lipid dye labeled MSC-EV biodistribution in mice under different conditions, including different MSC-EV doses and injection schedules, time post MSC-EV injection, and doses of radiation. DiD-labeled MSC-EVs appeared highest in the liver and spleen; lower in bone marrow of the tibia, femur, and spine; and were undetectable in the heart, kidney and lung, while a predominant EV accumulation was detected in the lung of mice infused with human lung fibroblast cell derived EVs. There was significantly increased MSC-EV accumulation in the spleen and bone marrow (tibia and femur) post radiation appearing with an increase of MSC-EV uptake by CD11b+ and F4/80+ cells, but not by B220 cells, compared to those organs from non-irradiated mice. We further demonstrated that increasing levels of irradiation caused a selective increase in vesicle homing to marrow. This accumulation of MSC-EVs at the site of injured bone marrow could be detected as early as 1 h after MSC- EV injection and was not significantly different between 2 and 24 h post MSC-EV injection. Our study indicates that irradiation damage to hematopoietic tissue in the spleen and marrow targets MSC-EVs to these tissues.
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71
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Naderi-Meshkin H, Lai X, Amirkhah R, Vera J, Rasko JEJ, Schmitz U. Exosomal lncRNAs and cancer: connecting the missing links. Bioinformatics 2019; 35:352-360. [PMID: 30649349 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, are potent and clinically valuable tools for early diagnosis, prognosis and potentially the targeted treatment of cancer. The content of EVs is closely related to the type and status of the EV-secreting cell. Circulating exosomes are a source of stable RNAs including mRNAs, microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Results This review outlines the links between EVs, lncRNAs and cancer. We highlight communication networks involving the tumor microenvironment, the immune system and metastasis. We show examples supporting the value of exosomal lncRNAs as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets. We demonstrate how a system biology approach can be used to model cell-cell communication via exosomal lncRNAs and to simulate effects of therapeutic interventions. In addition, we introduce algorithms and bioinformatics resources for the discovery of tumor-specific lncRNAs and tools that are applied to determine exosome content and lncRNA function. Finally, this review provides a comprehensive collection and guide to databases for exosomal lncRNAs. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin
- Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran.,Nastaran Center for Cancer Prevention, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Xin Lai
- Laboratory of Systems Tumour Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raheleh Amirkhah
- Nastaran Center for Cancer Prevention, Mashhad, Iran.,Reza Institute of Cancer Bioinformatics and Personalized Medicine, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Julio Vera
- Laboratory of Systems Tumour Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - John E J Rasko
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Cell and Molecular Therapies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Ulf Schmitz
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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72
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Chernov VM, Chernova OA, Mouzykantov AA, Medvedeva ES, Baranova NB, Malygina TY, Aminov RI, Trushin MV. Antimicrobial resistance in mollicutes: known and newly emerging mechanisms. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 365:5057471. [PMID: 30052940 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is devoted to the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in mollicutes (class Bacilli, subclass Mollicutes), the smallest self-replicating bacteria, that can cause diseases in plants, animals and humans, and also contaminate cell cultures and vaccine preparations. Research in this area has been mainly based on the ubiquitous mollicute and the main contaminant of cell cultures, Acholeplasma laidlawii. The omics technologies applied to this and other bacteria have yielded a complex picture of responses to antimicrobials, including their removal from the cell, the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes and mutations that potentially allow global reprogramming of many cellular processes. This review provides a brief summary of well-known resistance mechanisms that have been demonstrated in several mollicutes species and, in more detail, novel mechanisms revealed in A. laidlawii, including the least explored vesicle-mediated transfer of short RNAs with a regulatory potency. We hope that this review highlights new avenues for further studies on antimicrobial resistance in these bacteria for both a basic science and an application perspective of infection control and management in clinical and research/production settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav M Chernov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS 2/31 Lobachevsky Str., Kazan, 420111, Russian Federation.,Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Str., Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Olga A Chernova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS 2/31 Lobachevsky Str., Kazan, 420111, Russian Federation.,Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Str., Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey A Mouzykantov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS 2/31 Lobachevsky Str., Kazan, 420111, Russian Federation.,Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Str., Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Elena S Medvedeva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS 2/31 Lobachevsky Str., Kazan, 420111, Russian Federation.,Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Str., Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia B Baranova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS 2/31 Lobachevsky Str., Kazan, 420111, Russian Federation.,Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Str., Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Y Malygina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS 2/31 Lobachevsky Str., Kazan, 420111, Russian Federation
| | - Rustam I Aminov
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Maxim V Trushin
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Str., Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
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73
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Liu Y, Zhao S, Luo L, Wang J, Zhu Z, Xiang Q, Deng Y, Zhao Z. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes ameliorate erection by reducing oxidative stress damage of corpus cavernosum in a rat model of artery injury. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7462-7473. [PMID: 31512385 PMCID: PMC6815831 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common ageing male's disease, and vascular ED accounts for the largest proportion of all types of ED. One of the mechanisms of vascular ED in the clinic is arterial insufficiency, which mainly caused by atherosclerosis, trauma and surgical. Moreover, oxidative stress damage after tissue ischemia usually aggravated the progress of ED. As a new way of acellular therapy, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have great potential in ED treatment. In the current study, we have explored the mechanism of MSC-Exos therapy in a rat model of internal iliac artery injury-induced ED. Compared with intracavernous (IC) injection of phosphate-buffered saline after artery injury, of note, we observed that both mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-Exos through IC injection could improve the erectile function to varying degrees. More specifically, IC injection MSC-Exos could promote cavernous sinus endothelial formation, reduce the organization oxidative stress damage, and improve the nitric oxide synthase and smooth muscle content in the corpus cavernosum. With similar potency compared with the stem cell therapy and other unique advantages, IC injection of MSC- Exos could be an effective treatment to ameliorate erectile function in a rat model of arterial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhou Liu
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shankun Zhao
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Zhejiang Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Lianmin Luo
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhu
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihan Deng
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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74
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Jayaseelan VP. Emerging role of exosomes as promising diagnostic tool for cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2019; 27:395-398. [PMID: 31477807 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-019-0136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of cancer is experiencing a steep rise in recent times. A survey report produced by GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates about 18.1 million new cases of cancer across 20 regions of the world. The bewildering number of people afflicted with cancer demands rapid diagnosis and treatment strategy. The current methods used for diagnosis of cancer are expensive, invasive, and time consuming. Hence, a new diagnostic panel has to be laid down to make the process less invasive, cost-effective, and rapid. A venture into identifying potential diagnostic targets introduced exosomes to the scientific community. A plethora of roles being packed into these biological cargoes makes them attractive targets for both therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles packed with DNA, RNA, and proteins. Their presence in a wide array of body fluids such as breast milk, blood plasma, saliva, urine, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid makes them an excellent source of potential biomarkers. These nano-scale structures are capable of crossing hypoxic regions, systemic circulation and the territories of blood vessel barriers. In line with the above facts, the present review focuses on the therapeutic and diagnostic applications of exosomes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayashree Priyadharsini Jayaseelan
- Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre-Dental Research Cell, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India.
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75
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Kyuno D, Bauer N, Schnölzer M, Provaznik J, Ryschich E, Hackert T, Zöller M. Distinct Origin of Claudin7 in Early Tumor Endosomes Affects Exosome Assembly. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:2224-2239. [PMID: 31592143 PMCID: PMC6775303 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.35347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvesicles are the body's most powerful intercellular communication system and cancer-initiating cell microvesicles (CIC-TEX) reprogram Non-CIC towards fortified malignancy. Claudin7, a CIC-biomarker in gastrointestinal tumors, is recovered in TEX. Recent evidence suggesting individual cells delivering distinct microvesicles became of particular interest for claudin7, which is part of tight junctions (TJ) and glycolipid-enriched membrane domains (GEM), GEM-located claudin7 is palmitoylated. This offered the unique possibility of exploring the contribution of a CIC marker and its origin from distinct membrane domains on CIC-TEX biogenesis and activities. Proteome and miRNA analysis of wild-type, claudin7-knockdown and a rescue with claudin7 harboring a mutated palmitoylation site (mP) of a rat pancreatic and a human colon cancer line uncovered significant, only partly overlapping contributions of palmitoylated and non-palmitoylated claudin7 to TEX composition. Palmitoylated claudin7 facilitates GEM-integrated plasma membrane and associated signaling molecule recruitment; non-palmitoylated claudin7 supports recruitment of trafficking components, proteins engaged in fatty acid metabolism and TJ proteins into TEX. Claudin7mP also assists TEX recovery of selected miRNA. Thus, distinctly located claudin7 affects CIC-TEX composition and TJ-derived cld7 might play a unique role in equipping CIC-TEX with transporters and lipid metabolism-regulating molecules, awareness of distinct TEX populations being crucial facing therapeutic translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kyuno
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nathalie Bauer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Eduard Ryschich
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Margot Zöller
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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76
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Borgovan T, Crawford L, Nwizu C, Quesenberry P. Stem cells and extracellular vesicles: biological regulators of physiology and disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C155-C166. [PMID: 30917031 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00017.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many different subpopulations of subcellular extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been described. EVs are released from all cell types and have been shown to regulate normal physiological homeostasis, as well as pathological states by influencing cell proliferation, differentiation, organ homing, injury and recovery, as well as disease progression. In this review, we focus on the bidirectional actions of vesicles from normal and diseased cells on normal or leukemic target cells; and on the leukemic microenvironment as a whole. EVs from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can have a healing effect, reversing the malignant phenotype in prostate and colorectal cancer, as well as mitigating radiation damage to marrow. The role of EVs in leukemia and their bimodal cross talk with the encompassing microenvironment remains to be fully characterized. This may provide insight for clinical advances via the application of EVs as potential therapy and the employment of statistical and machine learning models to capture the pleiotropic effects EVs endow to a dynamic microenvironment, possibly allowing for precise therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodor Borgovan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Lorin Crawford
- School of Public Health, Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Chibuikem Nwizu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Peter Quesenberry
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
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77
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Roballo KCS, da Silveira JC, Bressan FF, de Souza AF, Pereira VM, Porras JEP, Rós FA, Pulz LH, Strefezzi RDF, Martins DDS, Meirelles FV, Ambrósio CE. Neurons-derived extracellular vesicles promote neural differentiation of ADSCs: a model to prevent peripheral nerve degeneration. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11213. [PMID: 31371742 PMCID: PMC6671995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential mechanisms involved in neural differentiation of adipocyte derived stem cells (ADSCs) are still unclear. In the present study, extracellular vesicles (EVs) were tested as a potential mechanism involved in the neuronal differentiation of stem cells. In order to address this, ADSCs and neurons (BRC) were established in primary culture and co-culture at three timepoints. Furthermore, we evaluated protein and transcript levels of differentiated ADSCs from the same timepoints, to confirm phenotype change to neuronal linage. Importantly, neuron-derived EVs cargo and EVs originated from co-culture were analyzed and tested in terms of function, such as gene expression and microRNA levels related to the adult neurogenesis process. Ideal neuron-like cells were identified and, therefore, we speculated the in vivo function of these cells in acute sciatic nerve injury. Overall, our data demonstrated that ADSCs in indirect contact with neurons differentiated into neuron-like cells. Neuron-derived EVs appear to play an important role in this process carrying SNAP25, miR-132 and miR-9. Additionally, in vivo neuron-like cells helped in microenvironment modulation probably preventing peripheral nerve injury degeneration. Consequently, our findings provide new insight of future methods of ADSC induction into neuronal linage to be applied in peripheral nerve (PN) injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Cristine Santos Roballo
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano Coelho da Silveira
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana Fernandes Bressan
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Fernanda de Souza
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitoria Mattos Pereira
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Eliecer Pinzon Porras
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Posgraduation, University National of Columbia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Felipe Augusto Rós
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Lidia Hildebrand Pulz
- Experimental and Comparative Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87 - Butantã, 05508-010, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Francisco Strefezzi
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.,Experimental and Comparative Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87 - Butantã, 05508-010, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele Dos Santos Martins
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavio Vieira Meirelles
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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78
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Bussolati B, Camussi G. Renal injury: Early apoptotic extracellular vesicles in injury and repair. Nat Rev Nephrol 2019; 13:523-524. [PMID: 28819190 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, Torino 10126, Italy
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79
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Chiabotto G, Gai C, Deregibus MC, Camussi G. Salivary Extracellular Vesicle-Associated exRNA as Cancer Biomarker. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070891. [PMID: 31247906 PMCID: PMC6679099 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted in biological fluids contain several transcripts of the cell of origin, which may modify the functions and phenotype of proximal and distant cells. Cancer-derived EVs may promote a favorable microenvironment for cancer growth and invasion by acting on stroma and endothelial cells and may favor metastasis formation. The transcripts contained in cancer EVs may be exploited as biomarkers. Protein and extracellular RNA (exRNA) profiling in patient bio-fluids, such as blood and urine, was performed to identify molecular features with potential diagnostic and prognostic values. EVs are concentrated in saliva, and salivary EVs are particularly enriched in exRNAs. Several studies were focused on salivary EVs for the detection of biomarkers either of non-oral or oral cancers. The present paper provides an overview of the available studies on the diagnostic potential of exRNA profiling in salivary EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Chiabotto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy.
| | - Chiara Gai
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy.
| | - Maria Chiara Deregibus
- i3T Business Incubator and Technology Transfer, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy.
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80
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Povero D, Pinatel EM, Leszczynska A, Goyal NP, Nishio T, Kim J, Kneiber D, de Araujo Horcel L, Eguchi A, Ordonez PM, Kisseleva T, Feldstein AE. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles reduce hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis. JCI Insight 2019; 5:125652. [PMID: 31184999 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Progression of fibrosis and the development of cirrhosis are responsible for the liver related morbidity and mortality associated with chronic liver diseases. There is currently a great unmet need for effective anti-fibrotic strategies. Stem cells play a central role in wound healing responses to restore liver homeostasis following injury. Here we tested the hypothesis that extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) modulate hepatic stellate cell (HSCs) activation and may have anti-fibrotic effects. Human iPSCs were generated by reprogramming primary skin fibroblasts. EVs were isolated by differential centrifugation, quantified by flow cytometry (FACS) and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and electron microscopy (TEM). Primary human HSCs were activated with TGFβ (10 ng/mL) and exposed to iPSC-EVs. Efficacy of iPSC-EVs was tested on HSC in vitro and in two murine models of liver injury (CCl4 and bile duct ligation). Characterization of iPSC-derived EVs by flow cytometry identified a large population of EVs released by iPSC, primarily with a diameter of 300 nm and that could be visualized by TEM as round, cup-shaped objects. Fluorescent tracing assays detected iPSC-EVs in HSC cytosol after a short incubation and EV uptake by HSCs resulted in both decrease of pro-fibrogenic markers αSMA, CollagenIα1, Fibronectin and TIMP-1 and HSC pro-fibrogenic responses such as chemotaxis and proliferation. Genomics analyses of iPSC-EV miRNA cargo revealed 22 highly expressed miRNAs, among which miR-92a-3p resulted the most abundant. Transcriptome analysis identified 60 genes down-modulated and 235 up-regulated in TGF-β-primed HSC in presence or absence of iPSC-EVs. Intravenous injection of iPSC-EVs in CCl4 and bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis resulted in anti-fibrotic effects at protein and gene levels. Results of this study identify iPSC-EVs as a novel anti-fibrotic approach that may reduce or reverse liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Povero
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eva M Pinatel
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate Milan, Italy
| | | | - Nidhi P Goyal
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Jihoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David Kneiber
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lucas de Araujo Horcel
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA.,University Center Lusiada, Santos, Brazil
| | - Akiko Eguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
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81
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Zieske JD, Hutcheon AEK, Guo X. Extracellular Vesicles and Cell-Cell Communication in the Cornea. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:1727-1734. [PMID: 31136100 PMCID: PMC6881515 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One question that has intrigued cell biologists for many years is, "How do cells interact to influence one another's activity?" The discovery of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the fact that they carry cargo, which directs cells to undergo changes in morphology and gene expression, has revolutionized this field of research. Little is known regarding the role of EVs in the cornea; however, we have demonstrated that EVs isolated from corneal epithelial cells direct corneal keratocytes to initiate fibrosis. Intriguingly, our data suggest that EVs do not penetrate epithelial basement membrane (BM), perhaps providing a mechanism explaining the importance of BM in the lack of scarring in scrape wounds. Since over 100-million people worldwide suffer from visual impairment as a result of corneal scarring, the role of EVs may be vital to understanding the mechanisms of wound repair. Therefore, we investigated EVs in ex vivo and in vivo-like three-dimensional cultures of human corneal cells using transmission electron microscopy. Some of the major findings were all three major cell types (epithelial, fibroblast, and endothelial cells) appear to release EVs, EVs can be identified using TEM, and EVs appeared to be involved in cell-cell communication. Interestingly, while our previous publication suggests that EVs do not penetrate the epithelial BM, it appears that EVs penetrate the much thicker endothelial BM (Descemet's membrane). These findings indicate the huge potential of EV research in the cornea and wound healing, and suggest that during homeostasis the endothelium and stromal cells are in communication. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Zieske
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Audrey E K Hutcheon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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82
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Abstract
Cancer-initiating cells (CIC) are the driving force in tumor progression. There is strong evidence that CIC fulfill this task via exosomes (TEX), which modulate and reprogram stroma, nontransformed cells, and non-CIC. Characterization of CIC, besides others, builds on expression of CIC markers, many of which are known as metastasis-associated molecules. We here discuss that the linkage between CIC/CIC-TEX and metastasis-associated molecules is not fortuitously, but relies on the contribution of these markers to TEX biogenesis including loading and TEX target interactions. In addition, CIC markers contribute to TEX binding- and uptake-promoted activation of signaling cascades, transcription initiation, and translational control. Our point of view will be outlined for pancreas and colon CIC highly expressing CD44v6, Tspan8, EPCAM, claudin7, and LGR5, which distinctly but coordinately contribute to tumor progression. Despite overwhelming progress in unraveling the metastatic cascade and the multiple tasks taken over by CIC-TEX, there remains a considerable gap in linking CIC biomarkers, TEX, and TEX-initiated target modulation with metastasis. We will try to outline possible bridges, which could allow depicting pathways for new and expectedly powerful therapeutic interference with tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Margot Zöller
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Pancreas Section, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany.
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83
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Circulating microRNAs and Their Role in Multiple Myeloma. Noncoding RNA 2019; 5:ncrna5020037. [PMID: 31052608 PMCID: PMC6631121 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna5020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell dyscrasia characterized by bone marrow infiltration of clonal plasma cells. The recent literature has clearly demonstrated clonal heterogeneity in terms of both the genomic and transcriptomic signature of the tumor. Of note, novel studies have also highlighted the importance of the functional cross-talk between the tumor clone and the surrounding bone marrow milieu, as a relevant player of MM pathogenesis. These findings have certainly enhanced our understanding of the underlying mechanisms supporting MM pathogenesis and disease progression. Within the specific field of small non-coding RNA-research, recent studies have provided evidence for considering microRNAs as a crucial regulator of MM biology and, in this context, circulating microRNAs have been shown to potentially contribute to prognostic stratification of MM patients. The present review will summarize the most recent studies within the specific topic of microRNAs and circulating microRNAs in MM.
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84
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Hassan MIA, Voigt K. Pathogenicity patterns of mucormycosis: epidemiology, interaction with immune cells and virulence factors. Med Mycol 2019; 57:S245-S256. [PMID: 30816980 PMCID: PMC6394756 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi of the basal lineage order Mucorales are able to cause infections in animals and humans. Mucormycosis is a well-known, life-threatening disease especially in patients with a compromised immune system. The rate of mortality and morbidity caused by mucormycosis has increased rapidly during the last decades, especially in developing countries. The systematic, phylogenetic, and epidemiological distributions of mucoralean fungi are addressed in relation to infection in immunocompromised patients. The review highlights the current achievements in (i) diagnostics and management of mucormycosis, (ii) the study of the interaction of Mucorales with cells of the innate immune system, (iii) the assessment of the virulence of Mucorales in vertebrate and invertebrate infection models, and (iv) the determination of virulence factors that are key players in the infection process, for example, high-affinity iron permease (FTR1), spore coat protein (CotH), alkaline Rhizopus protease enzyme (ARP), ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF), dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, calcineurin (CaN), serine and aspartate proteases (SAPs). The present mini-review attempts to increase the awareness of these difficult-to-manage fungal infections and to encourage research in the detection of ligands and receptors as potential diagnostic parameters and drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Abdelwahab Hassan
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knoell Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Pests and Plant Protection Department, National Research Centre, 33rd El Buhouth Street (Postal code: 12622) Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kerstin Voigt
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knoell Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
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85
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Grange C, Tritta S, Tapparo M, Cedrino M, Tetta C, Camussi G, Brizzi MF. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles inhibit and revert fibrosis progression in a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4468. [PMID: 30872726 PMCID: PMC6418239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to reprogram injured cells by activating regenerative processes. We herein investigate the potential therapeutic effect of EVs, shed by human bone marrow MSCs and by human liver stem-like cells (HLSCs), on the progression and reversion of fibrosis in a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy, as induced by streptozotocin. After the development of nephropathy, stem cell-derived EVs were administered weekly to diabetic mice for four weeks. The stem cell-derived EV treatment, but not the fibroblast EV treatment that was used as a control, significantly ameliorated functional parameters, such as albumin/creatinine excretion, plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, which are altered in diabetic mice. Moreover, the renal fibrosis that develops during diabetic nephropathy progression was significantly inhibited in stem cell EV-treated animals. A correlation was found between the down regulation of several pro-fibrotic genes in renal tissues and the anti-fibrotic effect of HLSC and MSC EVs. A comparative analysis of HLSC and MSC EV miRNA content highlighted some common and some specific patterns of miRNAs that target predicted pro-fibrotic genes. In conclusion, stem cell-derived EVs inhibit fibrosis and prevent its progression in a model of diabetes-induced chronic kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Grange
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Tritta
- Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Tapparo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Cedrino
- Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. .,Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. .,2i3T Società per la gestione dell'incubatore di imprese e per il trasferimento tecnologico Scarl, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Maria Felice Brizzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. .,Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. .,2i3T Società per la gestione dell'incubatore di imprese e per il trasferimento tecnologico Scarl, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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86
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Extracellular Vesicles from Human Liver Stem Cells Reduce Injury in an Ex Vivo Normothermic Hypoxic Rat Liver Perfusion Model. Transplantation 2019; 102:e205-e210. [PMID: 29424767 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gold standard for organ preservation before transplantation is static cold storage, which is unable to fully protect suboptimal livers from ischemia/reperfusion injury. An emerging alternative is normothermic machine perfusion (NMP), which permits organ reconditioning. Here, we aimed to explore the feasibility of a pharmacological intervention on isolated rat livers by using a combination of NMP and human liver stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles (HLSC-EV). METHODS We established an ex vivo murine model of NMP capable to maintain liver function despite an ongoing hypoxic injury induced by hemodilution. Livers were perfused for 4 hours without (control group, n = 10) or with HLSC-EV (treated group, n = 9). Bile production was quantified; perfusate samples were collected hourly to measure metabolic (pH, pO2, pCO2) and cytolysis parameters (AST, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase). At the end of perfusion, we assessed HLSC-EV engraftment by immunofluorescence, tissue injury by histology, apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay, tissue hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 RNA expression by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS During hypoxic NMP, livers were able to maintain homeostasis and produce bile. In the treated group, AST (P = 0.018) and lactate dehydrogenase (P = 0.032) levels were significantly lower than those of the control group at 3 hours of perfusion, and AST levels persisted lower at 4 hours (P = 0.003). By the end of NMP, HLSC-EV had been uptaken by hepatocytes, and EV treatment significantly reduced histological damage (P = 0.030), apoptosis (P = 0.049), and RNA overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (P < 0.0001) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS HLSC-EV treatment, even in a short-duration model, was feasible and effectively reduced liver injury during hypoxic NMP.
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87
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Abstract
Extracellular RNAs are emerging as novel biomarkers and mediators of intercellular communication. Various methods to isolate RNA from biofluids and cell culture supernatants have been previously used by investigators. Here, we describe several standardized protocols for the isolation of RNAs from cell culture supernatants that utilize commercially available kits and reagents.
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88
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Cheng Y, Pereira M, Raukar N, Reagan JL, Queseneberry M, Goldberg L, Borgovan T, LaFrance WC, Dooner M, Deregibus M, Camussi G, Ramratnam B, Quesenberry P. Potential biomarkers to detect traumatic brain injury by the profiling of salivary extracellular vesicles. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14377-14388. [PMID: 30644102 PMCID: PMC6478516 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of death and acquired disability in adults and children. Identifying biomarkers for mild TBI (mTBI) that can predict functional impairments on neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive testing after head trauma is yet to be firmly established. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to traffic from the brain to the oral cavity and can be detected in saliva. We hypothesize the genetic profile of salivary EVs in patients who have suffered head trauma will differ from normal healthy controls, thus constituting a unique expression signature for mTBI. We enrolled a total of 54 subjects including for saliva sampling, 23 controls with no history of head traumas, 16 patients enrolled from an outpatient concussion clinic, and 15 patients from the emergency department who had sustained a head trauma within 24 hr. We performed real‐time PCR of the salivary EVs of the 54 subjects profiling 96 genes from the TaqMan Human Alzheimer's disease array. Real‐time PCR analysis revealed 57 (15 genes, p < 0.05) upregulated genes in emergency department patients and 56 (14 genes,
p < 0.05) upregulated genes in concussion clinic patients when compared with controls. Three genes were upregulated in both the emergency department patients and concussion clinic patients: CDC2, CSNK1A1, and CTSD (
p < 0.05). Our results demonstrate that salivary EVs gene expression can serve as a viable source of biomarkers for mTBI. This study shows multiple Alzheimer's disease genes present after an mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cheng
- Department of Medicine Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Mandy Pereira
- Department of Medicine Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Neha Raukar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - John L Reagan
- Department of Medicine Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Mathew Queseneberry
- Department of Medicine Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Laura Goldberg
- Department of Medicine Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Theodor Borgovan
- Department of Medicine Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - W Curt LaFrance
- Department of Psychiatry/Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Mark Dooner
- Department of Medicine Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Maria Deregibus
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Bharat Ramratnam
- Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Peter Quesenberry
- Department of Medicine Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
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89
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Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for autoimmune diseases: emerging roles of extracellular vesicles. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:1533-1549. [PMID: 30623280 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In autoimmune disease body's own immune system knows healthy cells as undesired and foreign cells. Over 80 types of autoimmune diseases have been recognized. Currently, at clinical practice, treatment strategies for autoimmune disorders are based on relieving symptoms and preventing difficulties. In other words, there is no effective and useful therapy up to now. It has been well-known that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory effects. This strongly suggests that MSCs might be as a novel modality for treatment of autoimmune diseases. Supporting this notion a few preclinical and clinical studies indicate that MSCs ameliorate autoimmune disorders. Interestingly, it has been found that the beneficial effects of MSCs in autoimmune disorders are not relying only on direct cell-to-cell communication but on their capability to produce a broad range of paracrine factors including growth factors, cytokines and extracellular vehicles (EVs). EVs are multi-signal messengers that play a serious role in intercellular signaling through carrying cargo such as mRNA, miRNA, and proteins. Numerous studies have shown that MSC-derived EVs are able to mimic the effects of the cell of origin on immune cells. In this review, we discuss the current studies dealing with MSC-based therapies in autoimmune diseases and provide a vision and highlight in order to introduce MSC-derived EVs as an alternative and emerging modality for autoimmune disorders.
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90
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Bissler JJ, Zadjali F, Bridges D, Astrinidis A, Barone S, Yao Y, Redd JR, Siroky BJ, Wang Y, Finley JT, Rusiniak ME, Baumann H, Zahedi K, Gross KW, Soleimani M. Tuberous sclerosis complex exhibits a new renal cystogenic mechanism. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e13983. [PMID: 30675765 PMCID: PMC6344348 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a tumor predisposition syndrome with significant renal cystic and solid tumor disease. While the most common renal tumor in TSC, the angiomyolipoma, exhibits a loss of heterozygosity associated with disease, we have discovered that the renal cystic epithelium is composed of type A intercalated cells that have an intact Tsc gene that have been induced to exhibit Tsc-mutant disease phenotype. This mechanism appears to be different than that for ADPKD. The murine models described here closely resemble the human disease and both appear to be mTORC1 inhibitor responsive. The induction signaling driving cystogenesis may be mediated by extracellular vesicle trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Bissler
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's HospitalMemphisTennessee
- St. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennessee
| | - Fahad Zadjali
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryCollege of Medicine & Health SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityMuscatOman
| | - Dave Bridges
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Aristotelis Astrinidis
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's HospitalMemphisTennessee
| | - Sharon Barone
- Departments of MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Center on Genetics of TransportUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Research ServicesVeterans Affairs Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
| | - Ying Yao
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's HospitalMemphisTennessee
| | - JeAnna R. Redd
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Brian J. Siroky
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew York
| | - Joel T. Finley
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's HospitalMemphisTennessee
| | - Michael E. Rusiniak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew York
| | - Heinz Baumann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew York
| | - Kamyar Zahedi
- Departments of MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Center on Genetics of TransportUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Research ServicesVeterans Affairs Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
| | - Kenneth W. Gross
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew York
| | - Manoocher Soleimani
- Departments of MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Center on Genetics of TransportUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Research ServicesVeterans Affairs Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
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91
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Sabry D, Shamaa A, Amer M, El-Tookhy O, Abdallah A, Abd El Hassib DM, Amer E, Elamir A. THE EFFECT OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL DERIVED MICROVESICLES IN REPAIR OF FEMORAL CHONDRAL DEFECTS IN DOGS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s0218957718500069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) releases in culture extracellular vesicles called microvesicles (MVs). MVs have beneficial cytokines that prevent progression of the disease and help in the regeneration process. This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of MSCs derived MVs in repair of induced chondral defect in a dog model. Methods: Chondral defects were created surgically ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm) in both femoral condyles of nine dogs, autologous MSCs were isolated and MVs were prepared and injected intraarticularly in the right joint. The left joint was injected with normal saline as control negative. Evaluation of the treatment after first injection was carried out by physical examination and histopathology at different time periods ([Formula: see text]½, 3 and 6 months). Results: Treated joints showed marked degree of cartilage regeneration and restoration of chondral histomorphological picture on the contrary of the control joints that showed deterioration over time and defect filling with only fibrous tissue forming a fibrocartilage at the end of six months period. Conclusion: We demonstrated in this study that administration of MVs was effective on the functional and morphological recovery of the injured cartilage and could be exploited as a cell free therapeutic approach in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Sabry
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Shamaa
- Surgery, Anaesthesiology & Radiology Department, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Amer
- Surgery, Anaesthesiology & Radiology Department, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Omar El-Tookhy
- Surgery, Anaesthesiology & Radiology Department, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdallah
- Pathology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Eman Amer
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Egypt
| | - Azza Elamir
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, El Fayoum University, Egypt
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92
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Pacienza N, Lee RH, Bae EH, Kim DK, Liu Q, Prockop DJ, Yannarelli G. In Vitro Macrophage Assay Predicts the In Vivo Anti-inflammatory Potential of Exosomes from Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2018; 13:67-76. [PMID: 30719485 PMCID: PMC6350420 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play key roles in cell biology and may provide new clinical diagnostics and therapies. However, it has proven difficult to develop protocols for their purification and characterization. One of the major barriers in the field has been a lack of convenient assays for their bioactivity. Developing assays has not been a trivial matter, because of the heterogeneity of EVs, the multiple activities they demonstrate, and the uncertainty about their modes of action. Therefore, it is likely that multiple assays for their activities are needed. One important assay will be for the anti-inflammatory activity observed in mice after administration of the small EVs commonly referred to as exosomes. We developed an assay for the anti-inflammatory activity of exosomes with a line of mouse macrophages. The assay makes it possible to rank different preparations of exosomes by their anti-inflammatory activity, and their ranking predicts their efficacy in suppressing LPS-stimulated inflammation in mice. The assay is convenient for comparing multiple samples and, therefore, should be useful in developing protocols for the purification and characterization of anti-inflammatory exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pacienza
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA.,Laboratorio de Regulación Génica y Células Madre, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ryang Hwa Lee
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Eun-Hye Bae
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Dong-Ki Kim
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Qisong Liu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Darwin J Prockop
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Gustavo Yannarelli
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA.,Laboratorio de Regulación Génica y Células Madre, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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93
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PDGF enhances the protective effect of adipose stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in a model of acute hindlimb ischemia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17458. [PMID: 30514962 PMCID: PMC6279818 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36143-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously have shown that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) modulates the biological activity of extracellular vesicles released by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC-EVs). ASC-EVs may interact with blood and vessel cells by transferring proteins and nucleic acids and regulate their functions. In this study, we investigated immunomodulatory activity and protection from acute hindlimb ischemia of EVs released by PDGF-stimulated ASC (PDGF-EVs). PDGF treatment of ASC changed protein and RNA composition of released EVs by enhancing the expression of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory factors. In vitro, control EVs (cEVs) derived from non-stimulated ASC increased the secretion of both the IL-1b, IL-17, IFNγ, TNFα pro-inflammatory factors and the IL-10 anti-inflammatory factor, and enhanced the in vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) adhesion on endothelium. In contrast, PDGF-EVs enhanced IL-10 secretion and induced TGF-β1 secretion by PBMC. Moreover, PDGF-EVs stimulated the formation of T regulatory cells. In vivo, PDGF-EVs protected muscle tissue from acute ischemia, reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells and increased T regulatory cell infiltration in respect to cEVs. Our results suggest that PDGF-EVs are enriched in anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory factors and induced in PBMC an enhanced production of IL-10 and TGF-β1 resulting in protection of muscle from acute ischemia in vivo.
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94
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McBride JD, Rodriguez-Menocal L, Candanedo A, Guzman W, Garcia-Contreras M, Badiavas EV. Dual mechanism of type VII collagen transfer by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles to recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa fibroblasts. Biochimie 2018; 155:50-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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95
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Ouyang X, Han X, Chen Z, Fang J, Huang X, Wei H. MSC-derived exosomes ameliorate erectile dysfunction by alleviation of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle apoptosis in a rat model of cavernous nerve injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:246. [PMID: 30257719 PMCID: PMC6158845 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the therapeutic effects of MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) on erectile function in a rat model of cavernous nerve injury (CNI). Methods MSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow and exosomes were isolated from the supernatants by ultracentrifugation. The tissue explant adherent method was used to isolate and culture corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMCs). MSCs and CCSMCs were identified by flow cytometry, in vitro differentiation or immunofluorescence staining. Thirty-two 10-week-old male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into four groups: a sham operation group and bilateral CNI groups that received intracavernosal (IC) injection of either PBS, MSCs or MSC-Exos. Four weeks after CNI and treatment, the erectile function of the rats was measured by electrically stimulating the cavernous nerve. The penile tissues were harvested for blinded histologic analysis and western blotting. H2O2 was used to induce apoptosis in the CCSMCs, and a flow cytometer was used to measure the cell viability of the CCSMCs treated with or without exosomes in vitro. Results Recovery of erectile function was observed in the MSC-Exos group. The MSC-Exos treatment significantly enhanced smooth muscle content and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the corpus cavernosum. The ratio of smooth muscle to collagen in the corpus cavernosum was significantly improved in the MSC-Exos treatment group compared to the PBS vehicle group. WB confirmed these biological changes. Cell viability of the CCSMCs was increased in the MSC-Exos-treated groups, and caspase-3 expression was decreased after the MSC-Exos treatment in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions Exosomes isolated from MSCs culture supernatants by ultracentrifugation could ameliorate CNI-induced ED in rats by inhibiting apoptosis in CCSMCs, with similar potency to that observed in the MSCs-treated group. Therefore, this cell-free therapy has great potential for application in the treatment of CNI-induced ED for replacing cell therapy. Graphical abstract MSC-derived exosomes ameliorate erectile dysfunction in a rat model of cavernous nerve injury![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Ouyang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xiaoyan Han
- Central Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Zehong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jiafeng Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xuna Huang
- Central Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hongbo Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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96
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Lumelsky N, O'Hayre M, Chander P, Shum L, Somerman MJ. Autotherapies: Enhancing Endogenous Healing and Regeneration. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:919-930. [PMID: 30213702 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The promise of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to reduce the burden of disease and improve quality of life are widely acknowledged. Traditional tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches rely on generation of tissue constructs in vitro for subsequent transplantation or injection of exogenously manipulated cells into a host. While promising, few such therapies have succeeded in clinical practice. Here, we propose that recent advances in stem cell and developmental biology, immunology, bioengineering, and material sciences, position us to develop a new generation of in vivo regenerative medicine therapies, which we term autotherapies. Autotherapies are strategies based on optimizing endogenous tissue responses and capitalizing on manipulation of stem cell niches and endogenous tissue microenvironments to enhance tissue healing and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadya Lumelsky
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 6701 Democracy Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892-4878, USA.
| | - Morgan O'Hayre
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 6701 Democracy Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892-4878, USA
| | - Preethi Chander
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 6701 Democracy Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892-4878, USA
| | - Lillian Shum
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 6701 Democracy Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892-4878, USA
| | - Martha J Somerman
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 6701 Democracy Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892-4878, USA
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97
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Bjørge IM, Kim SY, Mano JF, Kalionis B, Chrzanowski W. Extracellular vesicles, exosomes and shedding vesicles in regenerative medicine - a new paradigm for tissue repair. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:60-78. [PMID: 29184934 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00479f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration by stem cells is driven by the paracrine activity of shedding vesicles and exosomes, which deliver specific cargoes to the recipient cells. Proteins, RNA, cytokines and subsequent gene expression, orchestrate the regeneration process by improving the microenvironment to promote cell survival, controlling inflammation, repairing injury and enhancing the healing process. The action of microRNA is widely accepted as an essential driver of the regenerative process through its impact on multiple downstream biological pathways, and its ability to regulate the host immune response. Here, we present an overview of the recent potential uses of exosomes for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. We also highlight the differences in composition between shedding vesicles and exosomes that depend on the various types of stem cells from which they are derived. The conditions that affect the production of exosomes in different cell types are deliberated. This review also presents the current status of candidate exosomal microRNAs for potential therapeutic use in regenerative medicine, and in applications involving widely studied organs and tissues such as heart, lung, cartilage and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Bjørge
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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98
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Matias D, Balça-Silva J, da Graça GC, Wanjiru CM, Macharia LW, Nascimento CP, Roque NR, Coelho-Aguiar JM, Pereira CM, Dos Santos MF, Pessoa LS, Lima FRS, Schanaider A, Ferrer VP, Moura-Neto V. Microglia/Astrocytes-Glioblastoma Crosstalk: Crucial Molecular Mechanisms and Microenvironmental Factors. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:235. [PMID: 30123112 PMCID: PMC6086063 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the functions of glial cells, namely, astrocytes and microglia, have gained prominence in several diseases of the central nervous system, especially in glioblastoma (GB), the most malignant primary brain tumor that leads to poor clinical outcomes. Studies showed that microglial cells or astrocytes play a critical role in promoting GB growth. Based on the recent findings, the complex network of the interaction between microglial/astrocytes cells and GB may constitute a potential therapeutic target to overcome tumor malignancy. In the present review, we summarize the most important mechanisms and functions of the molecular factors involved in the microglia or astrocytes-GB interactions, which is particularly the alterations that occur in the cell's extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton. We overview the cytokines, chemokines, neurotrophic, morphogenic, metabolic factors, and non-coding RNAs actions crucial to these interactions. We have also discussed the most recent studies regarding the mechanisms of transportation and communication between microglial/astrocytes - GB cells, namely through the ABC transporters or by extracellular vesicles. Lastly, we highlight the therapeutic challenges and improvements regarding the crosstalk between these glial cells and GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Matias
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joana Balça-Silva
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Grazielle C da Graça
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caroline M Wanjiru
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucy W Macharia
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carla Pires Nascimento
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natalia R Roque
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Coelho-Aguiar
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos F Dos Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana S Pessoa
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flavia R S Lima
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alberto Schanaider
- Centro de Cirurgia Experimental do Departamento de Cirurgia da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valéria P Ferrer
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Universidade do Grande Rio (Unigranrio), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
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99
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Sun Z, Wang L, Dong L, Wang X. Emerging role of exosome signalling in maintaining cancer stem cell dynamic equilibrium. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3719-3728. [PMID: 29799161 PMCID: PMC6050499 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subset of heterogeneous cells existed in tumour tissues or cancer cell lines with self-renewal and differentiation potentials. CSCs were considered to be responsible for the failure of conventional therapy and tumour recurrence. However, CSCs are not a static cell population, CSCs and non-CSCs are maintained in dynamic interconversion state by their self-differentiation and dedifferentiation. Therefore, targeting CSCs for cancer therapy is still not enough,exploring the mechanism of dynamic interconversion between CSCs and non-CSCs and blocking the interconversion seems to be imperative. Exosomes are 30-100 nm size in diameter extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by multiple living cells into the extracellular space. They contain cell-state-specific bioactive materials, including DNA, mRNA, ncRNA, proteins, lipids, etc. with their specific surface markers, such as, CD63, CD81, Alix, Tsg101, etc. Exosomes have been considered as information carriers in cell communication between cancer cells and non-cancer cells, which affect gene expressions and cellular signalling pathways of recipient cells by delivering their contents. Now that exosomes acted as information carriers, whether they played role in maintaining dynamic equilibrium state between CSCs and non-CSCs and their mechanism of activity are unknown. This review summarized the current research advance of exosomes' role in maintaining CSC dynamic interconversion state and their possible mechanism of action, which will provide a better understanding the contribution of exosomes to dedifferentiation and stemness acquisition of non-CSCs, and highlight that exosomes might be taken as the attractive target approaches for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Sun
- Laboratory of Experimental OncologyState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyWest China HospitalWest China Clinical Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Li Wang
- Laboratory of Lung Cancer, Lung Cancer Center West China HospitalWest China Clinical Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lihua Dong
- Human Anatomy DepartmentSchool of Preclinical and Forensic MedcineSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiujie Wang
- Laboratory of Experimental OncologyState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyWest China HospitalWest China Clinical Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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100
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Ferguson S, Kim S, Lee C, Deci M, Nguyen J. The Phenotypic Effects of Exosomes Secreted from Distinct Cellular Sources: a Comparative Study Based on miRNA Composition. AAPS JOURNAL 2018; 20:67. [PMID: 29713834 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0227-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles composed of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Their molecular landscape is diverse, and exosomes derived from different cell types have distinct biological activities. Since exosomes are now being utilized as delivery vehicles for exogenous therapeutic cargoes, their intrinsic properties and biological effects must be understood. We performed miRNA profiling and found substantial differences in the miRNA landscape of prostate cancer (PC3) and human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 exosomes with little correlation in abundance of common miRNAs (R2 = 0.16). Using a systems-level bioinformatics approach, the most abundant miRNAs in PC3 exosomes but not HEK exosomes were predicted to significantly modulate integrin signaling, with integrin-β3 loss inducing macrophage M2 polarization. PC3 but not HEK exosomes downregulated integrin-β3 expression levels by 70%. There was a dose-dependent polarization of RAW 264.7 macrophages toward an M2 phenotype when treated with PC3-derived exosomes but not HEK-derived exosomes. Conversely, HEK exosomes, widely utilized as delivery vehicles, were predicted to target cadherin signaling, with experimental validation showing a significant increase in the migratory potential of MCF7 breast cancer cells treated with HEK exosomes. Even widely utilized exosomes are unlikely to be inert, and their intrinsic activity ought to be assessed before therapeutic deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Ferguson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14214, USA
| | - Sera Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14214, USA
| | - Christine Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14214, USA
| | - Michael Deci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14214, USA
| | - Juliane Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14214, USA.
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