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Cytokine Profile and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of a Standardized Conditioned Medium Obtained by Coculture of Monocytes and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (PRS CK STORM). Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040534. [PMID: 35454123 PMCID: PMC9029939 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication between monocytes/macrophages and cells involved in tissue regeneration, such as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and primary tissue cells, is essential for tissue regeneration and recovery of homeostasis. Typically, in the final phase of the inflammation-resolving process, this intercellular communication drives an anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory response. To obtain a safe and effective treatment to counteract the cytokine storm associated with a disproportionate immune response to severe infections, including that associated with COVID-19, by means of naturally balanced immunomodulation, our group has standardized the production under GMP-like conditions of a secretome by coculture of macrophages and MSCs. To characterize this proteome, we determined the expression of molecules related to cellular immune response and tissue regeneration, as well as its possible toxicity and anti-inflammatory potency. The results show a specific molecular pattern of interaction between the two cell types studied, with an anti-inflammatory and regenerative profile. In addition, the secretome is not toxic by itself on human PBMC or on THP-1 monocytes and prevents lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced growth effects on those cell types. Finally, PRS CK STORM prevents LPS-induced TNF-A and IL-1Β secretion from PBMC and from THP-1 cells at the same level as hydrocortisone, demonstrating its anti-inflammatory potency.
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52
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Investigating the Immunomodulatory Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cell Cultured on Decellularized Bladder Hydrogel towards Macrophage Response In Vitro. Gels 2022; 8:gels8030187. [PMID: 35323300 PMCID: PMC8954673 DOI: 10.3390/gels8030187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory properties and capacity for endogenous regeneration. Therefore, MSC therapy is a promising treatment strategy for COVID-19. However, the cells cannot stay in the lung long enough to exert their function. The extracellular matrix from porcine bladders (B-ECM) has been shown not only to regulate cellular activities but also to possess immunoregulatory characteristics. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that B-ECM hydrogel could be an excellent scaffold for MSCs to grow and could anchor MSCs long enough in the lung so that they can exhibit their immunomodulatory functions. In this study, ECM degradation products and a co-culture system of MSCs and macrophages were developed to study the immunomodulatory properties of ECM and MSCs under septic conditions. The results showed that B-ECM degradation products could decrease pro-inflammatory and increase anti-inflammatory cytokines from macrophages. In an in vivo mimicking co-culture system, MSCs cultured on B-ECM hydrogel exhibited immunomodulatory properties at both gene and protein levels. Both B-ECM degradation products and MSC conditioned medium supported the wound healing of alveolar epithelial cells. The results from the study could offer a basis for investigation of immunomodulation by ECM and MSCs before conducting in vivo experiments, which could later be applied in regenerative medicine.
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Feng Y, Luo J, Cheng J, Xu A, Qiu D, He S, Zheng D, Jia C, Zhang Q, Lin N. A Small-Molecule Cocktails-Based Strategy in Culture of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:819148. [PMID: 35360405 PMCID: PMC8963903 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.819148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a variety of unique properties, such as stem cell multipotency and immune regulation, making them attractive for use in cell therapy. Before infusion therapy, MSCs are required to undergo tissue separation, purification, and expansion in vitro for a certain duration. During the process of in vitro expansion of MSCs, the influence of culture time and environment can lead to cell senescence, increased heterogeneity, and function attenuation, which limits their clinical applications. We used a cocktail of three small-molecule compounds, ACY (A-83–01, CHIR99021, and Y-27632), to increase the proliferation activity of MSCs in vitro and reduce cell senescence. ACY inhibited the increase in heterogeneity of MSCs and conserved their differentiation potential. Additionally, ACY maintained the phenotype of MSCs and upregulated the expression of immunomodulatory factors. These results suggest that ACY can effectively improve the quantity and quality of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jintao Cheng
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- The First People’s Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, Kashi, China
| | - Dongbo Qiu
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sixiao He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dayong Zheng
- The First People’s Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, Kashi, China
| | - Changchang Jia
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Changchang Jia, ; Qi Zhang, Nan Lin,
| | - Qi Zhang
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Changchang Jia, ; Qi Zhang, Nan Lin,
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Changchang Jia, ; Qi Zhang, Nan Lin,
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54
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Cheuk YC, Xu S, Zhu D, Luo Y, Chen T, Chen J, Li J, Shi Y, Zhang Y, Rong R. Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Inhibit Myofibroblastic Differentiation in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through IL-15 Secretion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:817402. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.817402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are precursors of myofibroblasts, which play a vital role in renal fibrosis. The close interaction between MSCs and other immune cells regulates the development of multiple fibrosis-related diseases. However, the effect of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) on MSCs remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the effect of MDSCs on the myofibroblastic differentiation of MSCs.Methods: MSCs were induced to undergo myofibroblastic differentiation with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). M-MDSCs and G-MDSCs were sorted by flow cytometry. Supernatants derived from MDSCs were administered to cultured bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs) undergoing TGF-β1-induced myofibroblastic differentiation. Myofibroblastic differentiation was evaluated by immunostaining. The expression of fibrosis-related genes was determined by quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. In vitro, M-MDSC supernatant or M-MDSC supernatant with interleukin (IL)-15 mAbs was administered following unilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) to observe the myofibroblast differentiation of renal resident MSCs (RRMSCs) in a murine model.Results: Myofibroblastic differentiation of MSCs was hindered when the cells were treated with MDSC-derived supernatants, especially that from M-MDSCs. The inhibitory effect of M-MDSC supernatant on the myofibroblastic differentiation of MSCs was partially mediated by IL-15-Ras-Erk1/2-Smad2/3 signaling. Treatment with M-MDSC supernatant ameliorated renal fibrosis and myofibroblastic differentiation in RRMSCs through IL-15. Additionally, M-MDSC supernatant increased M-MDSC infiltration in the kidney in a mouse IRI model. M-MDSC supernatant downregulated the adhesion and migration marker CD44 on the cell membrane of MSCs via IL-15.Conclusion: M-MDSC-derived supernatant inhibited the TGF-β1-induced myofibroblastic differentiation of MSCs through IL-15. Our findings shed new light on the effect of MDSCs on myofibroblastic differentiation and adhesion of MSCs, which might provide a new perspective in the development of treatment strategies for renal fibrosis.
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55
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The Immune-Centric Revolution in the Diabetic Foot: Monocytes and Lymphocytes Role in Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration-A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030889. [PMID: 35160339 PMCID: PMC8836882 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and lymphocytes play a key role in physiologic wound healing and might be involved in the impaired mechanisms observed in diabetes. Skin wound macrophages are represented by tissue resident macrophages and infiltrating peripheral blood recruited monocytes which play a leading role during the inflammatory phase of wound repair. The impaired transition of diabetic wound macrophages from pro-inflammatory M1 phenotypes to anti-inflammatory pro-regenerative M2 phenotypes might represent a key issue for impaired diabetic wound healing. This review will focus on the role of immune system cells in normal skin and diabetic wound repair. Furthermore, it will give an insight into therapy able to immuno-modulate wound healing processes toward to a regenerative anti-inflammatory fashion. Different approaches, such as cell therapy, exosome, and dermal substitute able to promote the M1 to M2 switch and able to positively influence healing processes in chronic wounds will be discussed.
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56
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Li Y, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Crawford R, Xiao Y. Synovial macrophages in cartilage destruction and regeneration-lessons learnt from osteoarthritis and synovial chondromatosis. Biomed Mater 2021; 17. [PMID: 34823229 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac3d74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a critical process in disease pathogenesis and the restoration of tissue structure and function, for example, in joints such as the knee and temporomandibular. Within the innate immunity process, the body's first defense response in joints when physical and chemical barriers are breached is the synovial macrophages, the main innate immune effector cells, which are responsible for triggering the initial inflammatory reaction. Macrophage is broadly divided into three phenotypes of resting M0, pro-inflammatory M1-like (referred to below as M1), and anti-inflammatory M2-like (referred to below as M2). The synovial macrophage M1-to-M2 transition can affect the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in joints. On the other hand, MSCs can also influence the transition between M1 and M2. Failure of the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs can result in persistent cartilage destruction leading to osteoarthritis. However, excessive chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs may cause distorted cartilage formation in the synovium, which is evidenced in the case of synovial chondromatosis. This review summarizes the role of macrophage polarization in the process of both cartilage destruction and regeneration, and postulates that the transition of macrophage phenotype in an inflammatory joint environment may play a key role in determining the fate of joint cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Yinghong Zhou
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.,The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Yifan Wang
- Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.,The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Ross Crawford
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.,The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Yin Xiao
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.,The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
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57
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Ehnert S, Relja B, Schmidt-Bleek K, Fischer V, Ignatius A, Linnemann C, Rinderknecht H, Huber-Lang M, Kalbitz M, Histing T, Nussler AK. Effects of immune cells on mesenchymal stem cells during fracture healing. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1667-1695. [PMID: 34909117 PMCID: PMC8641016 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i11.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, bone is considered an osteoimmune system which encompasses functions of a locomotive organ, a mineral reservoir, a hormonal organ, a stem cell pool and a cradle for immune cells. This osteoimmune system is based on cooperatively acting bone and immune cells, cohabitating within the bone marrow. They are highly interdependent, a fact that is confounded by shared progenitors, mediators, and signaling pathways. Successful fracture healing requires the participation of all the precursors, immune and bone cells found in the osteoimmune system. Recent evidence demonstrated that changes of the immune cell composition and function may negatively influence bone healing. In this review, first the interplay between different immune cell types and osteoprogenitor cells will be elaborated more closely. The separate paragraphs focus on the specific cell types, starting with the cells of the innate immune response followed by cells of the adaptive immune response, and the complement system as mediator between them. Finally, a brief overview on the challenges of preclinical testing of immune-based therapeutic strategies to support fracture healing will be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ehnert
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Borna Relja
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- Julius Wolff Institute and Berlin Institute of Health Center of Regenerative Therapies, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Verena Fischer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm 89091, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm 89091, Germany
| | - Caren Linnemann
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Helen Rinderknecht
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology (ITI), University Hospital Ulm, Ulm 89091, Germany
| | - Miriam Kalbitz
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Tina Histing
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Andreas K Nussler
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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Plasticity of Proinflammatory Macrophages Depends on Their Polarization Stage during Human MSC Immunomodulation—An In Vitro Study Using THP-1 and Human Primary Macrophages. IMMUNO 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno1040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are well-known for their immunomodulatory potential. In recent clinical trials and in vivo studies, hMSCs were used as therapeutic measures to dampen inflammation. In this context, their effect on macrophages in vivo has been described to induce a phenotype change shifting from a proinflammatory to an anti-inflammatory environment. Despite several in vitro studies that investigated the potential of hMSCs to inhibit the polarization of macrophages into the proinflammatory M1 subtype, it is still unclear if hMSCs affect polarized M1 macrophages or if they control the environment by inhibiting the M1 polarization of unpolarized macrophages. Here, a comparative in vitro investigation of hMSC immunomodulation via soluble factors concerning the influence on the polarization of macrophages to M1 and on polarized M1 macrophages is presented. Human primary monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) as well as THP-1 cells were used for this investigation. The macrophage subtype was analyzed by gene expression as well as cytokine secretion. hMSCs affected cytokine secretion of polarizing macrophages, while changes in gene expression were evident in polarized M1 macrophages. These effects were observed in THP-1 and hMDM macrophages. In conclusion, we suggest that hMSCs implement their immunomodulatory effects on polarizing and polarized macrophages in different ways.
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59
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Immunomodulatory Actions of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) in Osteoarthritis of the Knee. OSTEOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/osteology1040020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cellular therapy offers regeneration which curbs osteoarthritis of the knee. Among cellular therapies, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are readily isolated from various sources as culture expanded and unexpanded cellular population which are used as therapeutic products. Though MSCs possess a unique immunological and regulatory profile through cross-talk between MSCs and immunoregulatory cells (T cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, B cells, neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages), they provide an immunotolerant environment when transplanted to the site of action. Immunophenotypic profile allows MSCs to escape immune surveillance and promotes their hypoimmunogenic or immune-privileged status. MSCs do not elicit a proliferative response when co-cultured with allogeneic T cells in vitro. MSCs secrete a wide range of anti-inflammatory mediators such as PGE-2, IDO, IL-1Ra, and IL-10. They also stimulate the resilient chondrogenic progenitors and enhance the chondrocyte differentiation by secretion of BMPs and TGFβ1. We highlight the various mechanisms of MSCs during tissue healing signals, their interaction with the immune system, and the impact of their lifespan in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee. A better understanding of the immunobiology of MSC renders them as an efficient therapeutic product for the management of osteoarthritis of the knee.
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Human ESC-derived Neuromesodermal Progenitors (NMPs) Successfully Differentiate into Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs). Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:278-293. [PMID: 34669151 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10281-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), as an adult stem cell type, are used to treat various disorders in clinics. However, derivation of homogenous and adequate amount of MSCs limits the regenerative treatment potential. Although mesoderm is the main source of mesenchymal progenitors during embryonic development, neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs), reside in the primitive streak during development, is known to differentiate into paraxial mesoderm. In the current study, we generated NMPs from human embryonic stem cells (hESC), subsequently derived MSCs and characterized this cell population in vitro and in vivo. Using a bFGF and CHIR induced NMP formation protocol followed by serum containing culture conditions; here we show that MSCs can be generated from NMPs identified by not only the expression of T/Bra and Sox 2 but also FLK-1/PDGFRα in our study. NMP-derived MSCs were plastic adherent fibroblast like cells with colony forming capacity and trilineage (osteo-, chondro- and adipo-genic) differentiation potential. In the present study, we demonstrate that NMP-derived MSCs have an endothelial tendency which might be related to their FLK-1+/PDGFRα + NMP origin. NMP-derived MSCs displayed a protein expression profile of characterized MSCs. Growth factor and angiogenesis related pathway proteins were similarly expressed in NMP-derived MSCs and characterized MSCs. NMP-derived MSCs keep characteristics after short-term and long-term freeze-thaw cycles and localized into bone marrow followed by tail vein injection into NOD/SCID mice. Together, these data showed that hESC-derived NMPs might be used as a precursor cell population for MSC derivation and could be used for in vitro and in vivo research.
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61
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Li A, Guo F, Pan Q, Chen S, Chen J, Liu HF, Pan Q. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy: Hope for Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2021; 12:728190. [PMID: 34659214 PMCID: PMC8516390 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.728190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease. Although previous studies have demonstrated that SLE is related to the imbalance of cells in the immune system, including B cells, T cells, and dendritic cells, etc., the mechanisms underlying SLE pathogenesis remain unclear. Therefore, effective and low side-effect therapies for SLE are lacking. Recently, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for autoimmune diseases, particularly SLE, has gained increasing attention. This therapy can improve the signs and symptoms of refractory SLE by promoting the proliferation of Th2 and Treg cells and inhibiting the activity of Th1, Th17, and B cells, etc. However, MSC therapy is also reported ineffective in some patients with SLE, which may be related to MSC- or patient-derived factors. Therefore, the therapeutic effects of MSCs should be further confirmed. This review summarizes the status of MSC therapy in refractory SLE treatment and potential reasons for the ineffectiveness of MSC therapy from three perspectives. We propose various MSC modification methods that may be beneficial in enhancing the immunosuppression of MSCs in SLE. However, their safety and protective effects in patients with SLE still need to be confirmed by further experimental and clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Fengbiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Quanren Pan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuxian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiaxuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hua-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qingjun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Bohaud C, Contreras-Lopez R, De La Cruz J, Terraza-Aguirre C, Wei M, Djouad F, Jorgensen C. Pro-regenerative Dialogue Between Macrophages and Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Osteoarthritis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:718938. [PMID: 34604219 PMCID: PMC8485936 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.718938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common degenerative and inflammatory joint disorder, is multifaceted. Indeed, OA characteristics include cartilage degradation, osteophytes formation, subchondral bone changes, and synovium inflammation. The difficulty in discovering new efficient treatments for OA patients up to now comes from the adoption of monotherapy approaches targeting either joint tissue repair/catabolism or inflammation to address the diverse components of OA. When satisfactory, these approaches only provide short-term beneficial effects, since they only result in the repair and not the full structural and functional reconstitution of the damaged tissues. In the present review, we will briefly discuss the current therapeutic approaches used to repair the damaged OA cartilage. We will highlight the results obtained with cell-based products in clinical trials and demonstrate how the current strategies result in articular cartilage repair showing restricted early-stage clinical improvements. In order to identify novel therapeutic targets and provide to OA patients long-term clinical benefits, herein, we will review the basis of the regenerative process. We will focus on macrophages and their ambivalent roles in OA development and tissue regeneration, and review the therapeutic strategies to target the macrophage response and favor regeneration in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christian Jorgensen
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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63
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Sant'Ana AN, Araújo AB, Gonçalves FDC, Paz AH. Effects of living and metabolically inactive mesenchymal stromal cells and their derivatives on monocytes and macrophages. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1160-1176. [PMID: 34630856 PMCID: PMC8474715 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i9.1160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent and self-renewing stem cells that have great potential as cell therapy for autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, as well as for other clinical conditions, due to their immunoregulatory and regenerative properties. MSCs modulate the inflammatory milieu by releasing soluble factors and acting through cell-to-cell mechanisms. MSCs switch the classical inflammatory status of monocytes and macrophages towards a non-classical and anti-inflammatory phenotype. This is characterized by an increased secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, a decreased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and changes in the expression of cell membrane molecules and in metabolic pathways. The MSC modulation of monocyte and macrophage phenotypes seems to be critical for therapy effectiveness in several disease models, since when these cells are depleted, no immunoregulatory effects are observed. Here, we review the effects of living MSCs (metabolically active cells) and metabolically inactive MSCs (dead cells that lost metabolic activity by induced inactivation) and their derivatives (extracellular vesicles, soluble factors, extracts, and microparticles) on the profile of macrophages and monocytes and the implications for immunoregulatory and reparative processes. This review includes mechanisms of action exhibited in these different therapeutic approaches, which induce the anti-inflammatory properties of monocytes and macrophages. Finally, we overview several possibilities of therapeutic applications of these cells and their derivatives, with results regarding monocytes and macrophages in animal model studies and some clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Nedel Sant'Ana
- Laboratório de Células Tecidos e Genes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
| | - Anelise Bergmann Araújo
- Centro de Processamento Celular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Helena Paz
- Laboratório de Células Tecidos e Genes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
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Menshikov M, Zubkova E, Stafeev I, Parfyonova Y. Autophagy, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation, and Secretion. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091178. [PMID: 34572364 PMCID: PMC8467641 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent cells capable to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic directions, possessing immunomodulatory activity and a capability to stimulate angiogenesis. A scope of these features and capabilities makes MSC a significant factor of tissue homeostasis and repair. Among factors determining the fate of MSC, a prominent place belongs to autophagy, which is activated under different conditions including cell starvation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and some others. In addition to supporting cell homeostasis by elimination of protein aggregates, and non-functional and damaged proteins, autophagy is a necessary factor of change in cell phenotype on the process of cell differentiation. In present review, some mechanisms providing participation of autophagy in cell differentiation are discussed
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TNF-α and IFN-γ Participate in Improving the Immunoregulatory Capacity of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Importance of Cell-Cell Contact and Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179531. [PMID: 34502453 PMCID: PMC8431422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have an immunoregulatory capacity and have been used in different clinical protocols requiring control of the immune response. However, variable results have been obtained, mainly due to the effect of the microenvironment on the induction, increase, and maintenance of MSC immunoregulatory mechanisms. In addition, the importance of cell–cell contact for MSCs to efficiently modulate the immune response has recently been highlighted. Because these interactions would be difficult to achieve in the physiological context, the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their participation as intermediaries of communication between MSCs and immune cells becomes relevant. Therefore, this article focuses on analyzing immunoregulatory mechanisms mediated by cell contact, highlighting the importance of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and the participation of EVs. Moreover, the effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), the main cytokines involved in MSC activation, are examined. These cytokines, when used at the appropriate concentrations and times, would promote increases in the expression of immunoregulatory molecules in the cell and allow the acquisition of EVs enriched with these molecules. The establishment of certain in vitro activation guidelines will facilitate the design of conditioning protocols to obtain functional MSCs or EVs in different pathophysiological conditions.
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Nouri-Goushki M, Isaakidou A, Eijkel BIM, Minneboo M, Liu Q, Boukany PE, Mirzaali MJ, Fratila-Apachitei LE, Zadpoor AA. 3D printed submicron patterns orchestrate the response of macrophages. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:14304-14315. [PMID: 34190291 PMCID: PMC8412028 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01557e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The surface topography of engineered extracellular matrices is one of the most important physical cues regulating the phenotypic polarization of macrophages. However, not much is known about the ways through which submicron (i.e., 100-1000 nm) topographies modulate the polarization of macrophages. In the context of bone tissue regeneration, it is well established that this range of topographies stimulates the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. Since the immune response affects the bone tissue regeneration process, the immunomodulatory consequences of submicron patterns should be studied prior to their clinical application. Here, we 3D printed submicron pillars (using two-photon polymerization technique) with different heights and interspacings to perform the first ever systematic study of such effects. Among the studied patterns, the highest degree of elongation was observed for the cells cultured on those with the tallest and densest pillars. After 3 days of culture with inflammatory stimuli (LPS/IFN-γ), sparsely decorated surfaces inhibited the expression of the pro-inflammatory cellular marker CCR7 as compared to day 1 and to the other patterns. Furthermore, sufficiently tall pillars polarized the M1 macrophages towards a pro-healing (M2) phenotype, as suggested by the expression of CD206 within the first 3 days. As some of the studied patterns are known to be osteogenic, the osteoimmunomodulatory capacity of the patterns should be further studied to optimize their bone tissue regeneration performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nouri-Goushki
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - A Isaakidou
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - B I M Eijkel
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - M Minneboo
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Q Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - P E Boukany
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - M J Mirzaali
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - L E Fratila-Apachitei
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - A A Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands.
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Razazian M, Khosravi M, Bahiraii S, Uzan G, Shamdani S, Naserian S. Differences and similarities between mesenchymal stem cell and endothelial progenitor cell immunoregulatory properties against T cells. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:971-984. [PMID: 34567420 PMCID: PMC8422932 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i8.971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells have some interesting biological properties that make them unique for cell therapy of degenerative and cardiovascular disorders. Although both cell populations have been already studied and used for their regenerative potentials, recently their special immunoregulatory features have brought much more attention. Mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells have both proangiogenic functions and have been shown to suppress the immune response, particularly T cell proliferation, activation, and cytokine production. This makes them suitable choices for allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Nevertheless, these two cells do not have equal immunoregulatory activities. Many elements including their extraction sources, age/passage, expression of different markers, secretion of bioactive mediators, and some others could change the efficiency of their immunosuppressive function. However, to our knowledge, no publication has yet compared mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells for their immunological interaction with T cells. This review aims to specifically compare the immunoregulatory effect of these two populations including their T cell suppression, deactivation, cytokine production, and regulatory T cells induction capacities. Moreover, it evaluates the implications of the tumor necrosis factor alpha-tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 axis as an emerging immune checkpoint signaling pathway controlling most of their immunological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Razazian
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) Unité Mixte de Recherche-Inserm-Ministère de la Défense 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif 94800, France
| | - Maryam Khosravi
- Microenvironment & Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75724, France
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) Unit 1224, Paris 75724, France
| | - Sheyda Bahiraii
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Georges Uzan
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) Unité Mixte de Recherche-Inserm-Ministère de la Défense 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif 94800, France
- Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif 94800, France
| | - Sara Shamdani
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) Unité Mixte de Recherche-Inserm-Ministère de la Défense 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif 94800, France
- Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif 94800, France
- CellMedEx; Saint Maur Des Fossés 94100, France
| | - Sina Naserian
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) Unité Mixte de Recherche-Inserm-Ministère de la Défense 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif 94800, France
- Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif 94800, France
- CellMedEx; Saint Maur Des Fossés 94100, France
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68
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Kim S, Jung PY, Lee JS, Hwang S, Sohn JH, Yoon Y, Bae KS, Eom YW. Cultured human skeletal muscle satellite cells exhibit characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells and play anti-inflammatory roles through prostaglandin E2 and hepatocyte growth factors. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:2443-2451. [PMID: 34374483 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle satellite cells (SkMSCs) play crucial roles in muscle fiber maintenance, repair, and remodeling; however, it remains unknown if these properties are preserved in cultured SkMSCs. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of cultured SkMSCs and their ability to regulate the activity of M1 macrophages. SkMSCs grew well with an average population doubling time of 26.26 ± 6.85 h during 10 passages (P). At P5, Pax7, MyoD, cluster of differentiation (CD)34, and CD56 were not expressed in SkMSCs, but the MSC markers CD73, CD105, and CD90 were expressed and the cells were differentiated into adipocytes and osteoblasts. When SkMSCs were cocultured with macrophages, interleukin (IL)-1β secretion was decreased, prostaglandin (PG)E2 was produced in coculture, and cyclooxygenase-2 protein was induced in an SkMSC-dependent manner. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was highly secreted by monocultured SkMSCs; interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide reduced its expression level. However, HGF expression recovered when SkMSCs and macrophages were cocultured. Although exogenous PGE2 upregulated macrophage pro-IL-1β expression, it suppressed the secretion of cleaved IL-1β. In contrast, HGF decreased active IL-1β secretion without affecting pro-IL-1β expression. Co-treatment of macrophages with HGF and PGE2 reduced pro-IL-1β expression level and active IL-1β secretion. Our results suggest that SkMSCs lose their satellite cell properties during serial passaging but acquire mesenchymal stem cell properties including the ability to exert an anti-inflammatory response for macrophages through PGE2 and HGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongyup Kim
- Department of General Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil Young Jung
- Department of General Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Suk Lee
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonjae Hwang
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hyung Sohn
- Central Research Laboratory, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongdae Yoon
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Keum Seok Bae
- Department of General Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Woo Eom
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.,Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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Desando G, Bartolotti I, Cattini L, Tschon M, Martini L, Fini M, Schiavinato A, Soranzo C, Grigolo B. Prospects on the Potential In Vitro Regenerative Features of Mechanically Treated-Adipose Tissue for Osteoarthritis Care. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1362-1373. [PMID: 33469783 PMCID: PMC8316247 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Gathering a better grasp on the adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is demanding among clinicians for osteoarthritis (OA) care because of its promising but multifaceted clinical outcomes. The aim of this preclinical in vitro study was to test whether the mechanical approach with Hy-Tissue SVF system, a class IIa CE marked device of adipose tissue micro-fragmentation, influences the biological features and functions of SVF. We compared mechanical generated-SVF (mSVF) with the enzymatic generated-SVF (eSVF) by testing cell survival, phenotype, differentiation, and paracrine properties using ELISA assays. Both adipose SVF showed 80% viable cells and enrichment for CD-44 marker. The mSVF product preserved the functions of cell populations within the adipose tissue; however, it displayed lowered nucleated cell recovery and CFU-F than eSVF. As for multipotency, mSVF and eSVF showed similar differentiation commitment for osteochondral lineages. Both adipose SVF exhibited an increased release of VEGF, HGF, IGF-1 and PDGF-bb, involved in pathways mediating osteochondral repair and cell migration. Both mSVF and eSVF also displayed high release for the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. After in vitro culture, supernatants from both mSVF and eSVF groups showed a low release of cytokines except for IL-10, thereby giving evidence of functional changes after culture expansion. In this study, mSVF showed active cell populations in the adipose tissue comparable to eSVF with excellent survival, differentiation and paracrine properties under a new mechanical adipose tissue micro-fragmentation system; thereby suggesting its potential use as a minimally invasive technique for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Desando
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, 40136, Italy.
| | - I Bartolotti
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - L Cattini
- Laboratorio di ImmunoReumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, 40136, Italia
| | - M Tschon
- Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, 40136, Italia
| | - L Martini
- Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, 40136, Italia
| | - M Fini
- Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, 40136, Italia
| | - A Schiavinato
- Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A, Abano Terme, Padova, 35031, Italy
| | - C Soranzo
- Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A, Abano Terme, Padova, 35031, Italy
| | - B Grigolo
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, 40136, Italy
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70
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Sungkar T, Putra A, Lindarto D, Sembiring RJ. Intravenous Umbilical Cord-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantation Regulates Hyaluronic Acid and Interleukin-10 Secretion Producing Low-grade Liver Fibrosis in Experimental Rat. Med Arch 2021; 74:177-182. [PMID: 32801431 PMCID: PMC7405996 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2020.74.177-182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Immunomodulation properties of mesenchymal stem cells have attracted tremendous attention that eventually could regress liver fibrosis process. Aim: The study aims to demonstrate the immunomodulation activities of Umbilical cord-derived Mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) affecting interleukin-10 (IL-10) and hyaluronic acid (HA) secretion post intraperitoneal injection of CCl4, potent hepatotoxin, induced liver fibrosis among experimental rats. Methods: There were 18 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats divided into three treatment groups (G1 sham group, G2 untreated liver fibrosis group, and G3 UC-MSCs treated-group) and isolated in Stem Cell and Cancer Research Facility, Semarang, Indonesia. Blood examination was conducted after 3 and 14 days of UC-MSCs transplantation using sandwich based ELISA followed by the histopathological analysis of rat liver tissue. ANOVA and posthoc LSD tests were determined the significance against all groups based on their quantitative measurement. Results: UC-MSCs have been successfully extracted and isolated as well as positive with osteogenic differentiation (Alizarin dye). In further analysis, there were significant mean differences among all groups through the ANOVA test, both IL-10 and HA secretion, concurrent with low-grade liver fibrosis in G3. IL-10 elevates during the early phase of UC-MSCs transplantation, and HA significantly reduced on the 14th day of transplantation, it characterizes the liver fibrosis that has been attenuated. Conclusion: The transplantation of UC-MSCs has given an opportunity for the treatment of a wide range of chronic liver diseases through the immunomodulation properties via its paracrine effects that regulate specific cytokine to suppress fibrosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taufik Sungkar
- Divison of Gastroenterol-hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Agung Putra
- Stem Cell And Cancer Research (SCCR), Medical Faculty, Sultan Agung Islamic University (UNISSULA), Semarang, Indonesia.,Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Sultan Agung Islamic University (UNISSULA), Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Dharma Lindarto
- Division of Endocrine Metabolic, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Rosita Juwita Sembiring
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
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71
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Vasse GF, Nizamoglu M, Heijink IH, Schlepütz M, van Rijn P, Thomas MJ, Burgess JK, Melgert BN. Macrophage-stroma interactions in fibrosis: biochemical, biophysical, and cellular perspectives. J Pathol 2021; 254:344-357. [PMID: 33506963 PMCID: PMC8252758 DOI: 10.1002/path.5632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis results from aberrant wound healing and is characterized by an accumulation of extracellular matrix, impairing the function of an affected organ. Increased deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, disruption of matrix degradation, but also abnormal post-translational modifications alter the biochemical composition and biophysical properties of the tissue microenvironment - the stroma. Macrophages are known to play an important role in wound healing and tissue repair, but the direct influence of fibrotic stroma on macrophage behaviour is still an under-investigated element in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. In this review, the current knowledge on interactions between macrophages and (fibrotic) stroma will be discussed from biochemical, biophysical, and cellular perspectives. Furthermore, we provide future perspectives with regard to how macrophage-stroma interactions can be examined further to ultimately facilitate more specific targeting of these interactions in the treatment of fibrosis. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenda F Vasse
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenBiomedical Engineering Department‐FB40GroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials ScienceGroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular PharmacologyGroningen Research Institute for PharmacyGroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Mehmet Nizamoglu
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)GroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenDepartment of Pathology and Medical BiologyGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Irene H Heijink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)GroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenDepartment of Pathology and Medical BiologyGroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenDepartment of PulmonologyGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marco Schlepütz
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases ResearchBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KGBiberach an der RissGermany
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenBiomedical Engineering Department‐FB40GroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials ScienceGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Matthew J Thomas
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases ResearchBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KGBiberach an der RissGermany
| | - Janette K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials ScienceGroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)GroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenDepartment of Pathology and Medical BiologyGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Barbro N Melgert
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular PharmacologyGroningen Research Institute for PharmacyGroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)GroningenThe Netherlands
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Theeuwes WF, van den Bosch MHJ, Thurlings RM, Blom AB, van Lent PLEM. The role of inflammation in mesenchymal stromal cell therapy in osteoarthritis, perspectives for post-traumatic osteoarthritis: a review. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:1042-1053. [PMID: 33410465 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OA is a complex and highly prevalent degenerative disease affecting the whole joint, in which factors like genetic predisposition, gender, age, obesity and traumas contribute to joint destruction. ∼50-80% of OA patients develop synovitis. OA-associated risk factors contribute to joint instability and the release of cartilage matrix fragments, activating the synovium to release pro-inflammatory factors and catabolic enzymes in turn damaging the cartilage and creating a vicious circle. Currently, no cure is available for OA. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been tested in OA for their chondrogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. Interestingly, MSCs are most effective when administered during synovitis. This review focusses on the interplay between joint inflammation and the immunomodulation by MSCs in OA. We discuss the potential of MSCs to break the vicious circle of inflammation and describe current perspectives and challenges for clinical application of MSCs in treatment and prevention of OA, focussing on preventing post-traumatic OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wessel F Theeuwes
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Rogier M Thurlings
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Arjen B Blom
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter L E M van Lent
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Sharma A, Chakraborty A, Jaganathan BG. Review of the potential of mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of infectious diseases. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:568-593. [PMID: 34249228 PMCID: PMC8246252 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i6.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic value of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the treatment of infectious diseases and the repair of disease-induced tissue damage has been explored extensively. MSCs inhibit inflammation, reduce pathogen load and tissue damage encountered during infectious diseases through the secretion of antimicrobial factors for pathogen clearance and they phagocytose certain bacteria themselves. MSCs dampen tissue damage during infection by downregulating the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and inhibiting the excessive recruitment of neutrophils and proliferation of T cells at the site of injury. MSCs aid in the regeneration of damaged tissue by differentiating into the damaged cell types or by releasing paracrine factors that direct tissue regeneration, differentiation, and wound healing. In this review, we discuss in detail the various mechanisms by which MSCs help combat pathogens, tissue damage associated with infectious diseases, and challenges in utilizing MSCs for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Anuja Chakraborty
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Bithiah Grace Jaganathan
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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74
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Lu D, Xu Y, Liu Q, Zhang Q. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Macrophage Crosstalk and Maintenance of Inflammatory Microenvironment Homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:681171. [PMID: 34249933 PMCID: PMC8267370 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.681171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are involved in almost every aspect of biological systems and include development, homeostasis and repair. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have good clinical application prospects due to their ability to regulate adaptive and innate immune cells, particularly macrophages, and they have been used successfully for many immune disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), acute lung injury, and wound healing, which have been reported as macrophage-mediated disorders. In the present review, we focus on the interaction between MSCs and macrophages and summarize their methods of interaction and communication, such as cell-to-cell contact, soluble factor secretion, and organelle transfer. In addition, we discuss the roles of MSC-macrophage crosstalk in the development of disease and maintenance of homeostasis of inflammatory microenvironments. Finally, we provide optimal strategies for applications in immune-related disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Lu
- The Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- The Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuli Liu
- The Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- The Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Equine Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Freeze-Dried Secretome (Lyosecretome) for the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Diseases: Production Process Validation and Batch Release Test for Clinical Use. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060553. [PMID: 34200627 PMCID: PMC8226765 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, it has been demonstrated that the regenerative therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells is primarily due to the secretion of soluble factors and extracellular vesicles, collectively known as secretome. In this context, our work described the preparation and characterization of a freeze-dried secretome (Lyosecretome) from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for the therapy of equine musculoskeletal disorder. An intraarticular injectable pharmaceutical powder has been formulated, and the technological process has been validated in an authorized facility for veterinary clinical-use medicinal production. Critical parameters for quality control and batch release have been identified regarding (i) physicochemical properties; (ii) extracellular vesicle morphology, size distribution, and surface biomarker; (iii) protein and lipid content; (iv) requirements for injectable pharmaceutical dosage forms such as sterility, bacterial endotoxin, and Mycoplasma; and (v) in vitro potency tests, as anti-elastase activity and proliferative activity on musculoskeletal cell lines (tenocytes and chondrocytes) and mesenchymal stromal cells. Finally, proteins putatively responsible for the biological effects have been identified by Lyosecretome proteomic investigation: IL10RA, MXRA5, RARRES2, and ANXA1 modulate the inflammatory process RARRES2, NOD1, SERPINE1, and SERPINB9 with antibacterial activity. The work provides a proof-of-concept for the manufacturing of clinical-grade equine freeze-dried secretome, and prototypes are now available for safety and efficacy clinical trials in the treatment of equine musculoskeletal diseases
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Yu D, Zhao Y, Wang H, Kong D, Jin W, Hu Y, Qin Y, Zhang B, Li X, Hao J, Li G, Wang H. IL-1β pre-stimulation enhances the therapeutic effects of endometrial regenerative cells on experimental colitis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:324. [PMID: 34090510 PMCID: PMC8180147 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02392-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, relapsing, and non-specific inflammatory bowel disease, and the current treatment strategies were mainly used to relieve symptoms or for maintenance. Endometrial regenerative cells (ERCs) are mesenchymal-like stromal cells and have been demonstrated to alleviate multiple immune-dysregulation diseases. Pro-inflammatory stimuli were reported to enhance the immunosuppressive functions of ERCs, but the mechanism underlined is not fully understood. Here, we have designed this study to investigate the therapeutic effects of IL-1β-primed ERCs in the attenuation of experimental colitis. METHODS BALB/c mice were given 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 7 consecutive days and free tap water for 3 days sequentially to induce experimental colitis. PBS (200 μL), ERCs, and IL-1β-primed ERCs (10ng/mL, 48 h) were injected (1 million/mouse/day, i.v.) on day 2, 5, and 8, respectively. Colonic and splenic samples were harvested on day 10 after DSS induction. RESULTS It was found that IL-1β-primed ERC treatment markedly attenuated colonic damage, body weight loss, and colon length shortening in colitis mice. Compared with other treatments, cell populations of CD4+IL-4+Th2 cells, CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), and CD68+CD206+ macrophages in spleens were also significantly upregulated in the IL-1β-primed ERC-treated group (p < 0.05). In addition, lower expression of pro-inflammatory (IFN-γ, IL-17, TNF-α, and IL-6), but higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) were detected in colons in the IL-1β-primed ERC-treated group (p < 0.05 vs. other groups). Importantly, we also found that different generations of ERCs had an overall lower secretion of Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) by IL-1β pre-stimulation (p < 0.05) and a higher expression of β-catenin in colonic and splenic tissues after the administration of IL-1β-primed ERCs. CONCLUSIONS This study has demonstrated that IL-1β pre-stimulation effectively downregulated DKK1 expression in ERCs, which in turn promoted the wnt/β-catenin pathway activation in colonic and splenic tissues. Consequently, IL-1β-primed ERCs exhibited an enhanced therapeutic effect in the attenuation of DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingding Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongda Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Dejun Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Wang Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonghao Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Yafei Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Baoren Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingpeng Hao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China.,Department of Anorectal Surgery, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China. .,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China.
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77
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Jauković A, Abadjieva D, Trivanović D, Stoyanova E, Kostadinova M, Pashova S, Kestendjieva S, Kukolj T, Jeseta M, Kistanova E, Mourdjeva M. Specificity of 3D MSC Spheroids Microenvironment: Impact on MSC Behavior and Properties. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:853-875. [PMID: 32681232 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been considered the promising candidates for the regenerative and personalized medicine due to their self-renewal potential, multilineage differentiation and immunomodulatory capacity. Although these properties have encouraged profound MSC studies in recent years, the majority of research has been based on standard 2D culture utilization. The opportunity to resemble in vivo characteristics of cells native niche has been provided by implementation of 3D culturing models such as MSC spheroid formation assesed through cells self-assembling. In this review, we address the current literature on physical and biochemical features of 3D MSC spheroid microenvironment and their impact on MSC properties and behaviors. Starting with the reduction in the cells' dimensions and volume due to the changes in adhesion molecules expression and cytoskeletal proteins rearrangement resembling native conditions, through the microenvironment shifts in oxygen, nutrients and metabolites gradients and demands, we focus on distinctive and beneficial features of MSC in spheroids compared to cells cultured in 2D conditions. By summarizing the data for 3D MSC spheroids regarding cell survival, pluripotency, differentiation, immunomodulatory activities and potential to affect tumor cells growth we highlighted advantages and perspectives of MSC spheroids use in regenerative medicine. Further detailed analyses are needed to deepen our understanding of mechanisms responsible for modified MSC behavior in spheroids and to set future directions for MSC clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Jauković
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 4, PO BOX 102, Belgrade, 11129, Serbia
| | - Desislava Abadjieva
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tzarigradsko shoes, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Drenka Trivanović
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 4, PO BOX 102, Belgrade, 11129, Serbia.,IZKF Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Clinics, Röntgenring 11, D-97070, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Bernhard-Heine-Center for Locomotion Research, University Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Elena Stoyanova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tzarigradsko shoes, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Kostadinova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tzarigradsko shoes, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Shina Pashova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tzarigradsko shoes, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Snejana Kestendjieva
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tzarigradsko shoes, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tamara Kukolj
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 4, PO BOX 102, Belgrade, 11129, Serbia
| | - Michal Jeseta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Obilní trh 11, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Suchdol, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Kistanova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tzarigradsko shoes, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Mourdjeva
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tzarigradsko shoes, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Agarwal N, Mak C, Bojanic C, To K, Khan W. Meta-Analysis of Adipose Tissue Derived Cell-Based Therapy for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis. Cells 2021; 10:1365. [PMID: 34206010 PMCID: PMC8228374 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disorder associated with cartilage loss and is a leading cause of disability around the world. In old age, the capacity of cartilage to regenerate is diminished. With an aging population, the burden of OA is set to rise. Currently, there is no definitive treatment for OA. However, cell-based therapies derived from adipose tissue are promising. A PRISMA systematic review was conducted employing four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science) to identify all clinical studies that utilized adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) or stromal vascular fraction (SVF) for the treatment of knee OA. Eighteen studies were included, which met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses were conducted on fourteen of these studies, which all documented WOMAC scores after the administration of AMSCs. Pooled analysis revealed that cell-based treatments definitively improve WOMAC scores, post treatment. These improvements increased with time. The studies in this meta-analysis have established the safety and efficacy of both AMSC therapy and SVF therapy for knee OA in old adults and show that they reduce pain and improve knee function in symptomatic knee OA suggesting that they may be effective therapies to improve mobility in an aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Agarwal
- MBChB Office, University of Aberdeen College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Foresterhill Rd, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK;
| | - Christopher Mak
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (C.M.); (C.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Christine Bojanic
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (C.M.); (C.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Kendrick To
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (C.M.); (C.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Wasim Khan
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (C.M.); (C.B.); (K.T.)
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Yu WD, Kim YJ, Cho MJ, Kim GJ, Kim SH, Kim MJ, Ko JJ, Lee JH. MIT-001 Restores Human Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Enhancing Mitochondrial Quiescence and Cytoskeletal Organization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105062. [PMID: 34064719 PMCID: PMC8151078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a major cause of several chronic diseases and is reported to be recovered by the immuno-modulation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). While most studies have focussed on the anti-inflammatory roles of MSCs in stem cell therapy, the impaired features of MSCs, such as the loss of homeostasis by systemic aging or pathologic conditions, remain incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated whether the altered phenotypes of human placenta-derived MSCs (hPD-MSCs) exposed to inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IFN-γ, could be protected by MIT-001, a small anti-inflammatory and anti-necrotic molecule. MIT-001 promoted the spindle-like shape and cytoskeletal organization extending across the long cell axis, whereas hPD-MSCs exposed to TNF-α/IFN-γ exhibited increased morphological heterogeneity with an abnormal cell shape and cytoskeletal disorganization. Importantly, MIT-001 improved mitochondrial distribution across the cytoplasm. MIT-001 significantly reduced basal respiration, ATP production, and cellular ROS levels and augmented the spare respiratory capacity compared to TNF-α/IFN-γ-exposed hPD-MSCs, indicating enhanced mitochondrial quiescence and homeostasis. In conclusion, while TNF-α/IFN-γ-exposed MSCs lost homeostasis and mitochondrial quiescence by becoming over-activated in response to inflammatory cytokines, MIT-001 was able to rescue mitochondrial features and cellular phenotypes. Therefore, MIT-001 has therapeutic potential for clinical applications to treat mitochondrion-related inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Dong Yu
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pocheon 11160, Korea; (W.D.Y.); (M.J.C.); (G.J.K.)
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- CHA Fertility Center, Seoul Station, Hangang-daero, Jung-gu, Seoul 04637, Korea;
| | - Min Jeong Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pocheon 11160, Korea; (W.D.Y.); (M.J.C.); (G.J.K.)
| | - Gi Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pocheon 11160, Korea; (W.D.Y.); (M.J.C.); (G.J.K.)
| | - Soon Ha Kim
- Mitoimmune Therapeutics Inc., Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06253, Korea;
| | - Myung Joo Kim
- CHA Fertility Center, Seoul Station, Hangang-daero, Jung-gu, Seoul 04637, Korea;
- Correspondence: (M.J.K.); (J.J.K.); (J.H.L.); Tel.: +82-2-2002-0406 (J.H.L.)
| | - Jung Jae Ko
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pocheon 11160, Korea; (W.D.Y.); (M.J.C.); (G.J.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.J.K.); (J.J.K.); (J.H.L.); Tel.: +82-2-2002-0406 (J.H.L.)
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pocheon 11160, Korea; (W.D.Y.); (M.J.C.); (G.J.K.)
- CHA Fertility Center, Seoul Station, Hangang-daero, Jung-gu, Seoul 04637, Korea;
- Correspondence: (M.J.K.); (J.J.K.); (J.H.L.); Tel.: +82-2-2002-0406 (J.H.L.)
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80
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Bonfield TL, Sutton MT, Fletcher DR, Folz MA, Ragavapuram V, Somoza RA, Caplan AI. Donor-defined mesenchymal stem cell antimicrobial potency against nontuberculous mycobacterium. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1202-1216. [PMID: 33943038 PMCID: PMC8284776 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic nontuberculous mycobacterial infections with Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare complicate bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive airway disease, and the health of aging individuals. These insidious intracellular pathogens cause considerable morbidity and eventual mortality in individuals colonized with these bacteria. Current treatment regimens with antibiotic macrolides are both toxic and often inefficient at providing infection resolution. In this article, we demonstrate that human marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells are antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory in vitro and in the context of an in vivo sustained infection of either M. avium and/or M. intracellulare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey L Bonfield
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Morgan T Sutton
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - David R Fletcher
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael A Folz
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Vaishnavi Ragavapuram
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rodrigo A Somoza
- Department of Biology, Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Arnold I Caplan
- Department of Biology, Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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81
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Shen P, Chen Y, Luo S, Fan Z, Wang J, Chang J, Deng J. Applications of biomaterials for immunosuppression in tissue repair and regeneration. Acta Biomater 2021; 126:31-44. [PMID: 33722787 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The immune system plays an essential role in tissue repair and regeneration. Regardless of innate or adaptive immune responses, immunosuppressive strategies such as macrophage polarization and regulatory T (Treg) cell induction can be used to modulate the immune system to promote tissue repair and regeneration. Biomaterials can improve the production of anti-inflammatory macrophages and Treg cells by providing physiochemical cues or delivering therapeutics such as cytokines, small molecules, microRNA, growth factors, or stem cells in the damaged tissues. Herein, we present an overview of immunosuppressive modulation by biomaterials in tissue regeneration and highlight the mechanisms of macrophage polarization and Treg cell induction. Overall, we foresee that future biomaterials for regenerative strategies will entail more interactions between biomaterials and the immune cells, and more mechanisms of immunosuppression related to T cell subsets remain to be discovered and applied to develop novel biomaterials for tissue repair and regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Immunosuppression plays a key role in tissue repair and regeneration, and biomaterials can interact with the immune system through their biological properties and by providing physiochemical cues. Here, we summarize the studies on biomaterials that have been used for immunosuppression to facilitate tissue regeneration. In the first part of this review, we demonstrate the crucial role of macrophage polarization and induction of T regulatory (Treg) cells in immunosuppression. In the second part, distinct approaches used by biomaterials to induce immunosuppression are introduced, which show excellent performance in terms of promoting tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanxin Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuai Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jilong Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junjie Deng
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China.
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82
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Wedzinska A, Figiel-Dabrowska A, Kozlowska H, Sarnowska A. The Effect of Proinflammatory Cytokines on the Proliferation, Migration and Secretory Activity of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (WJ-MSCs) under 5% O 2 and 21% O 2 Culture Conditions. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1813. [PMID: 33919308 PMCID: PMC8122617 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSCs) in clinical trials is becoming one of the most-popular and fast-developing branches of modern regenerative medicine, as it is still in an experimental phase. The cross-section of diseases to which these cells are applied is very wide, ranging from degenerative diseases, through autoimmune processes and to acute inflammatory diseases, e.g., viral infections. Indeed, now that first clinical trials applying MSCs against COVID-19 have started, important questions concern not only the therapeutic properties of MSCs, but also the changes that might occur in the cell features as a response to the "cytokine storm" present in the acute phase of an infection and capable of posing a risk to a patient. The aim of our study was thus to assess changes potentially occurring in the biology of MSCs in the active inflammatory environment, e.g., in regards to the cell cycle, cell migration and secretory capacity. The study using MSCs derived from Wharton's jelly (WJ-MSCs) was conducted under two aerobic conditions: 21% O2 vs. 5% O2, since oxygen concentration is one of the key factors in inflammation. Under both oxygen conditions cells were exposed to proinflammatory cytokines involved significantly in acute inflammation, i.e., IFNγ, TNFα and IL-1β at different concentrations. Regardless of the aerobic conditions, WJ-MSCs in the inflammatory environment do not lose features typical for mesenchymal cells, and their proliferation dynamic remains unchanged. Sudden fluctuations in proliferation, the early indicator of potential genetic disturbance, were not observed, while the cells' migration activity increased. The presence of pro-inflammatory factors was also found to increase the secretion of such anti-inflammatory cytokines as IL-4 and IL-10. It is concluded that the inflammatory milieu in vitro does not cause phenotype changes or give rise to proliferation disruption of WJ-MSCs, and nor does it inhibit the secretory properties providing for their use against acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Wedzinska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (A.F.-D.)
| | - Anna Figiel-Dabrowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (A.F.-D.)
| | - Hanna Kozlowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy Techniques, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Sarnowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (A.F.-D.)
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Stem Cell Bioengineering Unit, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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83
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Ting HK, Chen CL, Meng E, Cherng JH, Chang SJ, Kao CC, Yang MH, Leung FS, Wu ST. Inflammatory Regulation by TNF-α-Activated Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in the Human Bladder Cancer Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083987. [PMID: 33924332 PMCID: PMC8069705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), such as adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), have the most impressive ability to reduce inflammation through paracrine growth factors and cytokines that participate in inflammation. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α bioactivity is a prerequisite in several inflammatory and autoimmune disease models. This study investigated the effects of TNF-α stimulate on ADSCs in the tumor microenvironment. The RNAseq analysis and cytokines assay demonstrated that TNF-α stimulated ADSCs proliferation and pro-inflammatory genes that correlated to leukocytes differentiation were upregulated. We found that upregulation of TLR2 or PTGS2 toward to IRF7 gene-associated with immunomodulatory and antitumor pathway under TNF-α treatment. In TNF-α-treated ADSCs cultured with the bladder cancer (BC) cell medium, the results showed that apoptosis ratio and OCT-4 and TLR2 genes which maintained the self-renewal ability of stem cells were decreased. Furthermore, the cell survival regulation genes including TRAF1, NF-kB, and IRF7 were upregulated in TNF-α-treated ADSCs. Additionally, these genes have not been upregulated in BC cell medium. A parallel study showed that tumor progressing genes were downregulated in TNF-α-treated ADSCs. Hence, the study suggests that TNF-α enhances the immunomodulatory potential of ADSCs during tumorigenesis and provides insight into highly efficacious MSC-based therapeutic options for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Kung Ting
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (H.-K.T.); (C.-L.C.); (E.M.); (C.-C.K.); (M.-H.Y.)
| | - Chin-Li Chen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (H.-K.T.); (C.-L.C.); (E.M.); (C.-C.K.); (M.-H.Y.)
| | - En Meng
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (H.-K.T.); (C.-L.C.); (E.M.); (C.-C.K.); (M.-H.Y.)
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Juin-Hong Cherng
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Department of Gerontological Health Care, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jen Chang
- Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell and Tissue Regeneration, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Chang Kao
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (H.-K.T.); (C.-L.C.); (E.M.); (C.-C.K.); (M.-H.Y.)
| | - Ming-Hsin Yang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (H.-K.T.); (C.-L.C.); (E.M.); (C.-C.K.); (M.-H.Y.)
| | - Fang-Shiuan Leung
- College of Biological Science, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Sheng-Tang Wu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (H.-K.T.); (C.-L.C.); (E.M.); (C.-C.K.); (M.-H.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-87927169; Fax: +886-2-87927172
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Wechsler ME, Rao VV, Borelli AN, Anseth KS. Engineering the MSC Secretome: A Hydrogel Focused Approach. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001948. [PMID: 33594836 PMCID: PMC8035320 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic benefits of exogenously delivered mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been largely attributed to their secretory properties. However, clinical translation of MSC-based therapies is hindered due to loss of MSC regenerative properties during large-scale expansion and low survival/retention post-delivery. These limitations might be overcome by designing hydrogel culture platforms to modulate the MSC microenvironment. Hydrogel systems could be engineered to i) promote MSC proliferation and maintain regenerative properties (i.e., stemness and secretion) during ex vivo expansion, ii) improve MSC survival, retention, and engraftment in vivo, and/or iii) direct the MSC secretory profile using tailored biochemical and biophysical cues. Herein, it is reviewed how hydrogel material properties (i.e., matrix modulus, viscoelasticity, dimensionality, cell adhesion, and porosity) influence MSC secretion, mediated through cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions. In addition, it is highlighted how biochemical cues (i.e., small molecules, peptides, and proteins) can improve and direct the MSC secretory profile. Last, the authors' perspective is provided on future work toward the understanding of how microenvironmental cues influence the MSC secretome, and designing the next generation of biomaterials, with optimized biophysical and biochemical cues, to direct the MSC secretory profile for improved clinical translation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa E Wechsler
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado-Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado-Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Varsha V Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado-Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado-Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Alexandra N Borelli
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado-Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado-Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado-Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado-Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
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85
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Bojanic C, To K, Hatoum A, Shea J, Seah KTM, Khan W, Malata CM. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in hypertrophic and keloid scars. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 383:915-930. [PMID: 33386995 PMCID: PMC7960584 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03361-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Scars are the normal outcome of wound repair and involve a co-ordinated inflammatory and fibrotic process. When a scar does not resolve, uncontrolled chronic inflammation can persist and elicits excessive scarring that leads to a range of abnormal phenotypes such as hypertrophic and keloid scars. These pathologies result in significant impairment of quality of life over a long period of time. Existing treatment options are generally unsatisfactory, and there is mounting interest in innovative cell-based therapies. Despite the interest in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), there is yet to be a human clinical trial that investigates the potential of MSCs in treating abnormal scarring. A synthesis of existing evidence of animal studies may therefore provide insight into the barriers to human application. The aim of this PRISMA systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of MSC transplantation in the treatment of hypertrophic and keloid scars in in vivo models. A total of 11 case-control studies were identified that treated a total of 156 subjects with MSCs or MSC-conditioned media. Ten studies assessed hypertrophic scars, and one looked at keloid scars. All studies evaluated scars in terms of macroscopic and histological appearances and most incorporated immunohistochemistry. The included studies all found improvements in the above outcomes with MSC or MSC-conditioned media without complications. The studies reviewed support a role for MSC therapy in treating scars that needs further exploration. The transferability of these findings to humans is limited by factors such as the reliability and validity of the disease model, the need to identify the optimal MSC cell source, and the outcome measures employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Bojanic
- Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Department, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kendrick To
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam Hatoum
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jessie Shea
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - K T Matthew Seah
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wasim Khan
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Charles M Malata
- Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Department, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Breast Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- School of Medicine, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge & Chelmsford, UK
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86
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Nammian P, Asadi-Yousefabad SL, Daneshi S, Sheikhha MH, Tabei SMB, Razban V. Comparative analysis of mouse bone marrow and adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells for critical limb ischemia cell therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:58. [PMID: 33436054 PMCID: PMC7805174 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the most advanced form of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) characterized by ischemic rest pain and non-healing ulcers. Currently, the standard therapy for CLI is the surgical reconstruction and endovascular therapy or limb amputation for patients with no treatment options. Neovasculogenesis induced by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy is a promising approach to improve CLI. Owing to their angiogenic and immunomodulatory potential, MSCs are perfect candidates for the treatment of CLI. The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the in vitro and in vivo effects of allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) on CLI treatment. METHODS For the first step, BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs were isolated and characterized for the characteristic MSC phenotypes. Then, femoral artery ligation and total excision of the femoral artery were performed on C57BL/6 mice to create a CLI model. The cells were evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo biological characteristics for CLI cell therapy. In order to determine these characteristics, the following tests were performed: morphology, flow cytometry, differentiation to osteocyte and adipocyte, wound healing assay, and behavioral tests including Tarlov, Ischemia, Modified ischemia, Function and the grade of limb necrosis scores, donor cell survival assay, and histological analysis. RESULTS Our cellular and functional tests indicated that during 28 days after cell transplantation, BM-MSCs had a great effect on endothelial cell migration, muscle restructure, functional improvements, and neovascularization in ischemic tissues compared with AT-MSCs and control groups. CONCLUSIONS Allogeneic BM-MSC transplantation resulted in a more effective recovery from critical limb ischemia compared to AT-MSCs transplantation. In fact, BM-MSC transplantation could be considered as a promising therapy for diseases with insufficient angiogenesis including hindlimb ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Nammian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Sajad Daneshi
- Postdoctoral Researcher, Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Sheikhha
- Biotechnology Research Center, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of MedicalSciences, Yazd, Iran
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Bagher Tabei
- Department of Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
- Maternal-fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Vahid Razban
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Stem Cells Technology Research center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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87
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Wear of hip prostheses increases serum IGFBP-1 levels in patients with aseptic loosening. Sci Rep 2021; 11:576. [PMID: 33436773 PMCID: PMC7804331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79813-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological mechanisms involved in aseptic loosening include inflammation-associated and bone resorption-associated processes. Coordinated cellular actions result in biochemical imbalances with devastating consequences for the joint. Given that this condition is not known for showing systemic signs, we investigated whether circulating levels of inflammation-related proteins are altered in patients with aseptic loosening. Our study included 37 patients who underwent revision surgery due to hip osteolysis and aseptic loosening and 31 patients who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty. Using antibody arrays, we evaluated the serum levels of 320 proteins in four patients from each group. The results showed differences in insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) concentrations, which we then quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests in all study patients. The results confirmed that serum IGFBP-1 concentrations were higher in the revision surgery patients than in the hip arthroplasty patients. In vitro studies showed that exposure of human osteoblasts to titanium particles induced an IGFBP-1 release that further increased when exposure to particles was performed in media conditioned by human M1 macrophages. These findings suggest that elevated serum IGFBP-1 levels in patients with aseptic loosening can arise from increased local IGFBP-1 production in the inflammatory environment of the periprosthetic bed.
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Lv B, Zhang X, Yuan J, Chen Y, Ding H, Cao X, Huang A. Biomaterial-supported MSC transplantation enhances cell-cell communication for spinal cord injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:36. [PMID: 33413653 PMCID: PMC7791771 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The spinal cord is part of the central nervous system (CNS) and serves to connect the brain to the peripheral nervous system and peripheral tissues. The cell types that primarily comprise the spinal cord are neurons and several categories of glia, including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. Ependymal cells and small populations of endogenous stem cells, such as oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, also reside in the spinal cord. Neurons are interconnected in circuits; those that process cutaneous sensory input are mainly located in the dorsal spinal cord, while those involved in proprioception and motor control are predominately located in the ventral spinal cord. Due to the importance of the spinal cord, neurodegenerative disorders and traumatic injuries affecting the spinal cord will lead to motor deficits and loss of sensory inputs. Spinal cord injury (SCI), resulting in paraplegia and tetraplegia as a result of deleterious interconnected mechanisms encompassed by the primary and secondary injury, represents a heterogeneously behavioral and cognitive deficit that remains incurable. Following SCI, various barriers containing the neuroinflammation, neural tissue defect (neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes), cavity formation, loss of neuronal circuitry, and function must be overcame. Notably, the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of cell–cell communication networks play critical roles in homeostatic, driving the pathophysiologic and consequent cognitive outcomes. In the spinal cord, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia are involved in not only development but also pathology. Glial cells play dual roles (negative vs. positive effects) in these processes. After SCI, detrimental effects usually dominate and significantly retard functional recovery, and curbing these effects is critical for promoting neurological improvement. Indeed, residential innate immune cells (microglia and astrocytes) and infiltrating leukocytes (macrophages and neutrophils), activated by SCI, give rise to full-blown inflammatory cascades. These inflammatory cells release neurotoxins (proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, free radicals, excitotoxic amino acids, nitric oxide (NO)), all of which partake in axonal and neuronal deficit. Given the various multifaceted obstacles in SCI treatment, a combinatorial therapy of cell transplantation and biomaterial implantation may be addressed in detail here. For the sake of preserving damaged tissue integrity and providing physical support and trophic supply for axon regeneration, MSC transplantation has come to the front stage in therapy for SCI with the constant progress of stem cell engineering. MSC transplantation promotes scaffold integration and regenerative growth potential. Integrating into the implanted scaffold, MSCs influence implant integration by improving the healing process. Conversely, biomaterial scaffolds offer MSCs with a sheltered microenvironment from the surrounding pathological changes, in addition to bridging connection spinal cord stump and offering physical and directional support for axonal regeneration. Besides, Biomaterial scaffolds mimic the extracellular matrix to suppress immune responses. Here, we review the advances in combinatorial biomaterial scaffolds and MSC transplantation approach that targets certain aspects of various intercellular communications in the pathologic process following SCI. Finally, the challenges of biomaterial-supported MSC transplantation and its future direction for neuronal regeneration will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jishan Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yongxin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hua Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinbing Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Anquan Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Senegaglia AC, Rebelatto CLK, Franck CL, Lima JS, Boldrini-Leite LM, Daga DR, Leitão CA, Shigunov P, de Azambuja AP, Bana E, Marsaro DB, Schaidt B, Micosky A, Jamur VR, Schluga Y, Vaz IM, Ribeiro LL, Correa A, Brofman EPRS. Combined Use of Tocilizumab and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in the Treatment of Severe Covid-19: Case Report. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211021008. [PMID: 34074163 PMCID: PMC8175829 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211021008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic is one of the most significant public health events in recent history. Currently, no specific treatment is available. Some drugs and cell-based therapy have been tested as alternatives to decrease the disease's symptoms, length of hospital stay, and mortality. We reported the case of a patient with a severe manifestation of COVID-19 in critical condition who did not respond to the standard procedures used, including six liters of O2 supplementation under a nasal catheter and treatment with dexamethasone and enoxaparin in prophylactic dose. The patient was treated with tocilizumab and an advanced therapy product based on umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (UC-MSC). The combination of tocilizumab and UC-MSC proved to be safe, with no adverse effects, and the results of this case report prove to be a promising alternative in the treatment of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome due to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Cristina Senegaglia
- Core for Cell Technology – School of Medicine – Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Complexo Hospital de Clínicas – Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, INCT-REGENERA, Brazil
| | - Carmen Lúcia Kuniyoshi Rebelatto
- Core for Cell Technology – School of Medicine – Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Complexo Hospital de Clínicas – Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, INCT-REGENERA, Brazil
| | - Claudio Luciano Franck
- Complexo Hospital de Clínicas – Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Lidiane Maria Boldrini-Leite
- Core for Cell Technology – School of Medicine – Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, INCT-REGENERA, Brazil
| | - Debora Regina Daga
- Core for Cell Technology – School of Medicine – Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, INCT-REGENERA, Brazil
| | - Cleverson Alex Leitão
- Complexo Hospital de Clínicas – Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Shigunov
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, INCT-REGENERA, Brazil
- Laboratory of Basic Biology of Stem Cells - Carlos Chagas Institute – Fiocruz-Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Azambuja
- Complexo Hospital de Clínicas – Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Elisa Bana
- Hospital Nossa Senhora do Pilar, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniela Boscaro Marsaro
- Core for Cell Technology – School of Medicine – Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, INCT-REGENERA, Brazil
| | - Bruna Schaidt
- Core for Cell Technology – School of Medicine – Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Andressa Micosky
- Core for Cell Technology – School of Medicine – Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Valderez Ravaglio Jamur
- Core for Cell Technology – School of Medicine – Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, INCT-REGENERA, Brazil
| | - Yara Schluga
- Complexo Hospital de Clínicas – Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Isadora May Vaz
- Core for Cell Technology – School of Medicine – Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, INCT-REGENERA, Brazil
| | | | - Alejandro Correa
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, INCT-REGENERA, Brazil
- Laboratory of Basic Biology of Stem Cells - Carlos Chagas Institute – Fiocruz-Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - e Paulo Roberto Slud Brofman
- Core for Cell Technology – School of Medicine – Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, INCT-REGENERA, Brazil
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Najar M, Martel-Pelletier J, Pelletier JP, Fahmi H. Novel insights for improving the therapeutic safety and efficiency of mesenchymal stromal cells. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1474-1491. [PMID: 33505596 PMCID: PMC7789128 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i12.1474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have attracted great interest in the field of regenerative medicine. They can home to damaged tissue, where they can exert pro-regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties. These therapeutic effects involve the secretion of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. Moreover, the functions of MSCs could be mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) that shuttle various signaling messengers. Although preclinical studies and clinical trials have demonstrated promising therapeutic results, the efficiency and the safety of MSCs need to be improved. After transplantation, MSCs face harsh environmental conditions, which likely dampen their therapeutic efficacy. A possible strategy aiming to improve the survival and therapeutic functions of MSCs needs to be developed. The preconditioning of MSCs ex vivo would strength their capacities by preparing them to survive and to better function in this hostile environment. In this review, we will discuss several preconditioning approaches that may improve the therapeutic capacity of MSCs. As stated above, EVs can recapitulate the beneficial effects of MSCs and may help avoid many risks associated with cell transplantation. As a result, this novel type of cell-free therapy may be safer and more efficient than the whole cell product. We will, therefore, also discuss current knowledge regarding the therapeutic properties of MSC-derived EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Najar
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - Johanne Martel-Pelletier
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jean Pierre Pelletier
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Hassan Fahmi
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
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Abstract
Regenerative medicine is a novel scientific field that employs the use of stem cells as cell-based therapy for the regeneration and functional restoration of damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells bear characteristics such as the capacity for self-renewal and differentiation towards specific lineages and, therefore, serve as a backup reservoir in case of tissue injuries. Therapeutically, they can be autologously or allogeneically transplanted for tissue regeneration; however, allogeneic stem cell transplantation can provoke host immune responses leading to a host-versus-transplant reaction. A probable solution to this problem is stem cell encapsulation, a technique that utilizes various biomaterials for the creation of a semi-permeable membrane that encases the stem cells. Stem cell encapsulation can be accomplished by employing a great variety of natural and/or synthetic hydrogels and offers many benefits in regenerative medicine, including protection from the host’s immune system and mechanical stress, improved cell viability, proliferation and differentiation, cryopreservation and controlled and continuous delivery of the stem-cell-secreted therapeutic agents. Here, in this review, we report and discuss almost all natural and synthetic hydrogels used in stem cell encapsulation, along with the benefits that these materials, alone or in combination, could offer to cell therapy through functional cell encapsulation.
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92
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Barros I, Silva A, de Almeida LP, Miranda CO. Mesenchymal stromal cells to fight SARS-CoV-2: Taking advantage of a pleiotropic therapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 58:114-133. [PMID: 33397585 PMCID: PMC7836230 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The devastating global impact of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has prompted scientists to develop novel strategies to fight Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19), including the examination of pre-existing treatments for other viral infections in COVID-19 patients. This review provides a reasoned discussion of the possible use of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSC) or their products as a treatment in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. The main benefits and concerns of using this cellular therapy, guided by preclinical and clinical data obtained from similar pathologies will be reviewed. MSC represent a highly immunomodulatory cell population and their use may be safe according to clinical studies developed in other pathologies. Notably, four clinical trials and four case reports that have already been performed in COVID-19 patients obtained promising results. The clinical application of MSC in COVID-19 is very preliminary and further investigational studies are required to determine the efficacy of the MSC therapy. Nevertheless, these preliminary studies were important to understand the therapeutic potential of MSC in COVID-19. Based on these encouraging results, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized the compassionate use of MSC, but only in patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and a poor prognosis. In fact, patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 can present infection and tissue damage in different organs, such as lung, heart, liver, kidney, gut and brain, affecting their function. MSC may have pleiotropic activities in COVID-19, with the capacity to fight inflammation and repair lesions in several organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Barros
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; III - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Silva
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Viravector - Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Oliveira Miranda
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; III - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Xu H, Lee CW, Wang YF, Huang S, Shin LY, Wang YH, Wan Z, Zhu X, Yung PSH, Lee OKS. The Role of Paracrine Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Crosstalk With Macrophages in Musculoskeletal Diseases: A Systematic Review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:587052. [PMID: 33324622 PMCID: PMC7726268 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.587052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenotypic change of macrophages (Mφs) plays a crucial role in the musculoskeletal homeostasis and repair process. Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown as a novel approach in tissue regeneration, the therapeutic potential of MSCs mediated by the interaction between MSC-derived paracrine mediators and Mφs remains elusive. This review focused on the elucidation of paracrine crosstalk between MSCs and Mφs during musculoskeletal diseases and injury. The search method was based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and Cochrane Guidelines. The search strategies included MeSH terms and other related terms of MSC-derived mediators and Mφs. Ten studies formed the basis of this review. The current finding suggested that MSC administration promoted proliferation and activation of CD163+ or CD206+ M2 Mφs in parallel with reduction of proinflammatory cytokines and increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines. During such period, Mφs also induced MSCs into a motile and active phenotype via the influence of proinflammatory cytokines. Such crosstalk between Mφs and MSCs further strengthens the effect of paracrine mediators from MSCs to regulate Mφs phenotypic alteration. In conclusion, MSCs in musculoskeletal system, mediated by the interaction between MSC paracrine and Mφs, have therapeutic potential in musculoskeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chien-Wei Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Developmental and Regenerative Biology TRP, Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu-Fan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuting Huang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lih-Ying Shin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu-Hsuan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zihao Wan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick Shu Hang Yung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Oscar Kuang-Sheng Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Orthopadics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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94
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Vázquez A, Fernández-Sevilla LM, Jiménez E, Pérez-Cabrera D, Yañez R, Subiza JL, Varas A, Valencia J, Vicente A. Involvement of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Oral Mucosal Bacterial Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:567391. [PMID: 33329530 PMCID: PMC7711618 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.567391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical observations indicate that bacterial vaccines induce cross-protection against infections produced by different microorganisms. MV130, a polyvalent bacterial sublingual preparation designed to prevent recurrent respiratory infectious diseases, reduces the infection rate in patients with recurrent respiratory tract infections. On the other hand, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are key cell components that contribute to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and exert both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive functions. Herein, we study the effects of MV130 in human MSC functionality as a potential mechanism that contributes to its clinical benefits. We provide evidence that during MV130 sublingual immunization of mice, resident oral mucosa MSCs can take up MV130 components and their numbers remain unchanged after vaccination, in contrast to granulocytes that are recruited from extramucosal tissues. MSCs treated in vitro with MV130 show an increased viability without affecting their differentiation potential. In the short-term, MSC treatment with MV130 induces higher leukocyte recruitment and T cell expansion. In contrast, once T-cell activation is initiated, MV130 stimulation induces an up-regulated expression of immunosuppressor factors in MSCs. Accordingly, MV130-primed MSCs reduce T lymphocyte proliferation, induce the differentiation of dendritic cells with immunosuppressive features and favor M2-like macrophage polarization, thus counterbalancing the immune response. In addition, MSCs trained with MV130 undergo functional changes, enhancing their immunomodulatory response to a secondary stimulus. Finally, we show that MSCs are able to uptake, process and retain a reservoir of the TLR ligands derived from MV130 digestion which can be subsequently transferred to dendritic cells, an additional feature that also may be associated to trained immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Vázquez
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia M Fernández-Sevilla
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Jiménez
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Pérez-Cabrera
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Yañez
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Varas
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaris Valencia
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles Vicente
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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95
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Al-Khawaga S, Abdelalim EM. Potential application of mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes in lung injury: an emerging therapeutic option for COVID-19 patients. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:437. [PMID: 33059757 PMCID: PMC7558244 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01963-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the global public health and the international economy; therefore, there is an urgent need for an effective therapy to treat COVID-19 patients. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proposed as an emerging therapeutic option for the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Recently, numerous clinical trials have been registered to examine the safety and efficacy of different types of MSCs and their exosomes for treating COVID-19 patients, with less published data on the mechanism of action. Although there is no approved effective therapy for COVID-19 as of yet, MSC therapies showed an improvement in the treatment of some COVID-19 patients. MSC’s therapeutic effect is displayed in their ability to reduce the cytokine storm, enhance alveolar fluid clearance, and promote epithelial and endothelial recovery; however, the safest and most effective route of MSC delivery remains unclear. The use of poorly characterized MSC products remains one of the most significant drawbacks of MSC-based therapy, which could theoretically promote the risk for thromboembolism. Optimizing the clinical-grade production of MSCs and establishing a consensus on registered clinical trials based on cell-product characterization and mode of delivery would aid in laying the foundation for a safe and effective therapy in COVID-19. In this review, we shed light on the mechanistic view of MSC therapeutic role based on preclinical and clinical studies on acute lung injury and ARDS; therefore, offering a unique correlation and applicability in COVID-19 patients. We further highlight the challenges and opportunities in the use of MSC-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Al-Khawaga
- Dermatology Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Essam M Abdelalim
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar. .,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
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96
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Pham PV, Vu NB. Off-the-shelf mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cord tissue can significantly improve symptoms in COVID-19 patients: An analysis of evidential relations. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:721-730. [PMID: 32952854 PMCID: PMC7477657 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i8.721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has affected more than 200 countries worldwide. This disease has hugely affected healthcare systems as well as the economy to an extent never seen before. To date, COVID-19 infection has led to about 165000 deaths in 150 countries. At present, there is no specific drug or efficient treatment for this disease. In this analysis based on evidential relationships of the biological characteristics of MSCs, especially umbilical cord (UC)-derived MSCs as well as the first clinical trial using MSCs for COVID-19 treatment, we discuss the use of UC-MSCs to improve the symptoms of COVID-19 in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuc Van Pham
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh 08000, Viet Nam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh 08000, Viet Nam
| | - Ngoc Bich Vu
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh 08000, Viet Nam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh 08000, Viet Nam
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97
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Ahmad F. Inflammatory response of stem cell secreting conditioned media in SH-SY5Y cell line. BIONATURA 2020. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2020.05.03.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are reported to secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, which makes MSCs a promising candidate in the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases. SH-SY5Y show extreme inflammatory response under LPS and an inadequate inflammatory response when treated with Wharton's jelly, conditioned media. This study mainly focuses on the inflammatory (pro and anti-inflammatory) response of SH-SY5Y by gene expression study. SH-SY5Y cell line used for cell culture and RT- q PCR was done with 5 different primers. In this article, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) show a significant result in pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic. In this article, we focus on the therapeutic approach of stem cells, which reduce inflammation by secreting stem cell factors to cure various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Ahmad
- HIMALAYAN UNIVERSITY, Itanagar Arunachal Pradesh, India
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98
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Clinical study using mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19. Front Med 2020; 14:664-673. [PMID: 32761491 PMCID: PMC7406954 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 was identified in December 2019. The symptoms include fever, cough, dyspnea, early symptom of sputum, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is the immediate treatment used for patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Herein, we describe two confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan to explore the role of MSC in the treatment of COVID-19. MSC transplantation increases the immune indicators (including CD4 and lymphocytes) and decreases the inflammation indicators (interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein). High-flow nasal cannula can be used as an initial support strategy for patients with ARDS. With MSC transplantation, the fraction of inspired O2 (FiO2) of the two patients gradually decreased while the oxygen saturation (SaO2) and partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) improved. Additionally, the patients’ chest computed tomography showed that bilateral lung exudate lesions were adsorbed after MSC infusion. Results indicated that MSC transplantation provides clinical data on the treatment of COVID-19 and may serve as an alternative method for treating COVID-19, particularly in patients with ARDS.
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99
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Shariati A, Nemati R, Sadeghipour Y, Yaghoubi Y, Baghbani R, Javidi K, Zamani M, Hassanzadeh A. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for neurodegenerative disease: A promising frontier. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151097. [PMID: 32800276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are a variety of diseases including Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), and Huntington's diseases (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) along with some other less common diseases generally described by the advanced deterioration of central or peripheral nervous system, structurally or functionally. In the last two decades, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) due to their unique assets encompassing self-renewal, multipotency and accessibility in association with low ethical concern open new frontiers in the context of neurodegenerative diseases therapy. Interestingly, MSCs can be differentiated into endodermal and ectodermal lineages (e.g., neurons, oligodendrocyte, and astrocyte), and thus could be employed to advance cell-based therapeutic strategy. Additionally, as inflammation ordinarily ensues as a local response provoked by microglia in the neurodegenerative diseases, MSCs therapy because of their pronounced immunomodulatory properties is noticed as a rational approach for their treatment. Recently, varied types of studies have been mostly carried out in vitro and rodent models using MSCs upon their procurement from various sources and expansion. The promising results of the studies in rodent models have motivated researchers to design and perform several clinical trials, with a speedily rising number. In the current review, we aim to deliver a brief overview of MSCs sources, expansion strategies, and their immunosuppressive characteristics and discuss credible functional mechanisms exerted by MSCs to treat neurodegenerative disorders, covering AD, PD, ALS, MS, and HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shariati
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Nemati
- Department of Medical Emergencies, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Yasin Sadeghipour
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Yoda Yaghoubi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Reza Baghbani
- Department of Medical Emergencies, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Kamran Javidi
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
| | - Majid Zamani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
| | - Ali Hassanzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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100
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Borciani G, Montalbano G, Baldini N, Cerqueni G, Vitale-Brovarone C, Ciapetti G. Co-culture systems of osteoblasts and osteoclasts: Simulating in vitro bone remodeling in regenerative approaches. Acta Biomater 2020; 108:22-45. [PMID: 32251782 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone is an extremely dynamic tissue, undergoing continuous remodeling for its whole lifetime, but its regeneration or augmentation due to bone loss or defects are not always easy to obtain. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is a promising approach, and its success often relies on a "smart" scaffold, as a support to host and guide bone formation through bone cell precursors. Bone homeostasis is maintained by osteoblasts (OBs) and osteoclasts (OCs) within the basic multicellular unit, in a consecutive cycle of resorption and formation. Therefore, a functional scaffold should allow the best possible OB/OC cooperation for bone remodeling, as happens within the bone extracellular matrix in the body. In the present work OB/OC co-culture models, with and without scaffolds, are reviewed. These experimental systems are intended for different targets, including bone remodeling simulation, drug testing and the assessment of biomaterials and 3D scaffolds for BTE. As a consequence, several parameters, such as cell type, cell ratio, culture medium and inducers, culture times and setpoints, assay methods, etc. vary greatly. This review identifies and systematically reports the in vitro methods explored up to now, which, as they allow cellular communication, more closely resemble bone remodeling and/or the regeneration process in the framework of BTE. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Bone is a dynamic tissue under continuous remodeling, but spontaneous healing may fail in the case of excessive bone loss which often requires valid alternatives to conventional treatments to restore bone integrity, like bone tissue engineering (BTE). Pre-clinical evaluation of scaffolds for BTE requires in vitro testing where co-cultures combining innovative materials with osteoblasts (OBs) and osteoclasts (OCs) closely mimic the in vivo repair process. This review considers the direct and indirect OB/OC co-cultures relevant to BTE, from the early mouse-cell models to the recent bone regenerative systems. The co-culture modeling of bone microenvironment provides reliable information on bone cell cross-talk. Starting from improved knowledge on bone remodeling, bone disease mechanisms may be understood and new BTE solutions are designed.
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