51
|
Abdelazeem B, Abbas KS, Shehata J, Baral N, Banour S, Hassan M. The effects of curcumin as dietary supplement for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Phytother Res 2021; 36:22-32. [PMID: 34517426 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to evaluate if there are clinical benefits of curcumin (CUR) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar) were systematically searched to identify only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that assessed CUR in patients with PCOS from inception to May 5, 2021. Five RCTs were included with a total of 296 patients, with 148 among the CUR groups and 148 patients among the control group. Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials was used to assess the risk of bias, three RCTs provided a low risk of bias and two provided a high risk of bias. Compared with the control group, CUR was associated with a statistically significant improvement in the glycemic control including fasting blood glucose (MD = -3.67; 95% CI = [-5.25, -2.08], p < .00001), insulin level (MD = -1.91; 95% CI = [-2.97, -0.84], p = .0005), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (MD = -0.55; 95% CI = [-0.83, -0.27], p = .0001), and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (MD = 0.01; 95% CI = [0.00, 0.02], p = .0005). The mean difference in total cholesterol was also statistically significant (MD = -15.55; 95% CI = [-30.33, -0.76], p < .04). The rest of the secondary outcomes, including LDL, HDL, sex hormone, body weight, and CRP, were not statistically significant. This review concluded that among patients with PCOS, the use of CUR demonstrated a significant difference from the control group for glycemic control. Those findings suggest that CUR confers clinical benefits in patients with PCOS. However, due to the limited number of the included studies, further high-quality studies are needed to establish the clinical efficacy of the CUR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basel Abdelazeem
- Department of Internal Medicine, McLaren Health Care, Flint/Michigan State University, Flint, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Nischit Baral
- Department of Internal Medicine, McLaren Health Care, Flint/Michigan State University, Flint, Michigan, USA
| | - Sandi Banour
- Department of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Mustafa Hassan
- Department of Internal Medicine, McLaren Health Care, Flint/Michigan State University, Flint, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Behl T, Gupta A, Sehgal A, Sharma S, Singh S, Sharma N, Diaconu CC, Rahdar A, Hafeez A, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Bungau S. A spotlight on underlying the mechanism of AMPK in diabetes complications. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:939-957. [PMID: 34319417 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the centenarian metabolic disorders and is considered as a stellar and leading health issue worldwide. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Diabetes Atlas and National Diabetes Statistics, the number of diabetic patients will increase at an exponential rate from 463 to 700 million by the year 2045. Thus, there is a great need for therapies targeting functions that can help in maintaining the homeostasis of glucose levels and improving insulin sensitivity. 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, by various direct and indirect factors, might help to overcome the hurdles (like insulin resistance) associated with the conventional approach. MATERIALS AND RESULTS A thorough review and analysis was conducted using various database including MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, with Google scholar using various keywords. This extensive review concluded that various drugs (plant-based, synthetic indirect/direct activators) are available, showing tremendous potential in maintaining the homeostasis of glucose and lipid metabolism, without causing insulin resistance, and improving insulin sensitivity. Moreover, these drugs have an effect against diabetes and are therapeutically beneficial in the treatment of diabetes-associated complications (neuropathy and nephropathy) via mechanism involving inhibition of nuclear translocation of SMAD4 (SMAD family member) expression and association with peripheral nociceptive neurons mediated by AMPK. CONCLUSION From the available information, it may be concluded that various indirect/direct activators show tremendous potential in maintaining the homeostasis of glucose and lipid metabolism, without resulting in insulin resistance, and may improve insulin sensitivity, as well. Therefore, in a nut shell, it may be concluded that the regulation of APMK functions by various direct/indirect activators may bring promising results. These activators may emerge as a novel therapy in diabetes and its associated complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Amit Gupta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sanchay Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Camelia Cristina Diaconu
- Internal Medicine Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.,Department 5, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Abdul Hafeez
- Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Haryana, India.,Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Karunakaran RS, Lokanatha O, Muni Swamy G, Venkataramaiah C, Muni Kesavulu M, Appa Rao C, Badri KR, Balaji M. Anti-Obesity and Lipid Lowering Activity of Bauhiniastatin-1 is Mediated Through PPAR-γ/AMPK Expressions in Diet-Induced Obese Rat Model. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:704074. [PMID: 34366856 PMCID: PMC8341109 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.704074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and underlying molecular mechanisms of Bauhiniastatin-1 (BSTN1) to alleviate adiposity in diet-induced obese rodent model and in 3T3-L1 cells. Methods: BSTN1 was purified and confirmed through HPLC. In-vitro experiments such as MTT assay, Oil Red-O (ORO) stain, cellular lipid content, glycerol release and RT-PCR analysis were performed in 3T3-L1 cells in the presence and absence of BSTN1. In animal experiments, rats were divided into Group-I: normal pellet diet-fed, Group-II: HFD-fed, Groups-III, IV and V: HFD-fed BSTN1 (1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg.b.wt./day/rat)-treated and Group-VI: HFD-fed Orlistat-treated. The rats were fed either normal diet or high fat diet (HFD) for 18 weeks and water ad-libitum. BSTN1 was orally administered from 13th week onwards to the selected HFD-fed groups. Body composition parameters, biochemical assays, histopathology examination and western blot analysis were performed to identify the predicted targets related to obesity. Molecular docking studies threw light on the binding interactions of BSTN1 against PPAR-γ, FAS and AMPK. Results: BSTN1 at 20 μM significantly (p < 0.001) inhibited adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. A conspicuous down-regulation in the mRNA expression levels of PPAR-γ, FAS and SREBP1 was observed but AMPK expression remained unchanged in BSTN1 treated 3T3-L1 cells. A substantial decrease in body weight gain, fat percent, total body fat, serum and liver lipid profile (except high-density lipoprotein), glucose, insulin and insulin resistance in BSTN1 treated rats was noticed in a dose dependent manner. In BSTN1 (5 mg/kg.b.wt.)-treated groups significantly (p < 0.01) elevated plasma adiponectin level but reduced leptin level as well as fall in serum AST and ALT were noticed. Further, the disturbed structural integrity and architecture of adipose and hepatic tissues due to high fat diet feeding were considerably recovered with BSTN1 treatment. Down-regulation in the protein expression level of PPAR-γ and activation of AMPK through phosphorylation was observed in BSTN1 treated rats than the untreated. Molecular docking studies revealed strong binding interactions of BSTN1 against PPAR-γ and AMPK and thus supported the experimental results. Conclusion: Taken together, the results suggest that BSTN1 could be a promising pharmacological molecule in the treatment of obesity and dyslipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reddy Sankaran Karunakaran
- Division of Cell Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Oruganti Lokanatha
- Division of Cell Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Ganjayi Muni Swamy
- Division of Cell Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Chintha Venkataramaiah
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Muppuru Muni Kesavulu
- Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupati, India
| | - Chippada Appa Rao
- Division of Cell Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Kameswara Rao Badri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Meriga Balaji
- Division of Cell Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Obaroakpo JU, Nan W, Hao L, Liu L, Zhang S, Lu J, Pang X, Lv J. The hyperglycemic regulatory effect of sprouted quinoa yoghurt in high-fat-diet and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic mice via glucose and lipid homeostasis. Food Funct 2021; 11:8354-8368. [PMID: 32930693 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01575j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have proposed that quinoa yoghurt (QY) has the anti-diabetic properties based on an in vitro study. Here, its antidiabetic activity was further validated by investigating its hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic influence in high fat diet/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice. The results showed that QY increased the body weights of and reduced the fasting blood glucose levels in T2DM mice. QY significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-C, while it increased the HDL-C level. In addition, the hepatic glycogen content, and superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly (p < 0.05) increased, while lipid peroxidation was remarkably reduced. Sprouted QY had the highest influence on serum oxidation when compared with non-germinated QY. The level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased, while the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased. Histopathological studies showed that QY protected the tissue structure of the liver of T2DM mice. Immunohistochemistry showed that QY increased AKT-2 and AMPK-α2 expressions, while it suppressed p85. The qRT-PCR analysis indicated that QY exerted its hypoglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects through the AKT/AMPK/PI3K signaling pathway. Germination significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the glucose and lipid homeostasis in T2DM mice in such a way that sprouted QY showed the highest hypoglycemic and cholesterol-lowering effects when compared with non-germinated QY.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joy Ujiroghene Obaroakpo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China. and Department of Food Science and Technology, Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Wenlong Nan
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Liyu Hao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lu Liu
- Beijing Nutrition Resources Institute, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jing Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaoyang Pang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jiaping Lv
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Li X, Yang L, Li J, Lin L, Zheng G. A flavonoid-rich Smilax china L. extract prevents obesity by upregulating the adiponectin-receptor/AMPK signalling pathway and modulating the gut microbiota in mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:5862-5875. [PMID: 34019043 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00282a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Smilax china L. flavonoid (SCF) on obesity and changes in gut microbiota high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS)-fed mice. Male C57BL/6 mice fed either a normal-chow (NC) or a HFHS diet were treated with SCF for 12 weeks. The effect of SCF on the composition of gut microbiota was assessed by 16S rDNA sequencing. SCFA levels in the caecum were quantified by GC-MS. SCF supplementation alleviated the body weight gain, fat accumulation, serum lipid parameters, and hepatic steatosis and improved glucose homeostasis. SCF significantly increased plasma adiponectin level, adiponectin-receptor-gene (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) expression in the liver, activated AMPKα, downregulated the expression of SREBP1-c, FAS, and ACCα, and upregulated the expression of PPARα, CPT-1α, and UCP-1. The anti-obesity effects of SCF might be through upregulation of adiponectin-receptor/AMPK signalling to improve lipid metabolism. SCF reversed HFHS-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota and decreased SCFA production in the caecum, thus reducing energy absorption and leading to loss of body weight. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between obesity phenotypes, SCFA levels, and changes in gut microbiota. The results showed that SCF may be an effective dietary supplement that is useful for suppressing the development of obesity and associated disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Licong Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Jingen Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Lezhen Lin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Guodong Zheng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Byun J, Shin JE, Choi Y, Choung S. Oyster hydrolysate ameliorates ethanol diet‐induced alcoholic fatty liver by regulating lipid metabolism in rats. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae‐Hyuk Byun
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School Kyung Hee University Seoul02447Korea
| | - Ji Eun Shin
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School Kyung Hee University Seoul02447Korea
| | - Yeung‐Joon Choi
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology/Institute of Marine Industry Gyeongsang National University Gyeongnam650‐160Korea
| | - Se‐Young Choung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School Kyung Hee University Seoul02447Korea
- Department of Preventive Pharmacy and Toxicology College of Pharmacy Kyung Hee University Seoul Korea
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Vahidi Ferdowsi P, Ahuja KDK, Beckett JM, Myers S. TRPV1 Activation by Capsaicin Mediates Glucose Oxidation and ATP Production Independent of Insulin Signalling in Mouse Skeletal Muscle Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061560. [PMID: 34205555 PMCID: PMC8234135 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR), a key characteristic of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), is manifested by decreased insulin-stimulated glucose transport in target tissues. Emerging research has highlighted transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member (TRPV1) activation by capsaicin as a potential therapeutic target for these conditions. However, there are limited data on the effects of capsaicin on cell signalling molecules involved in glucose uptake. METHODS C2C12 cells were cultured and differentiated to acquire the myotube phenotype. The activation status of signalling molecules involved in glucose metabolism, including 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CAMKK2), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), protein kinase B (AKT), and src homology phosphatase 2 (SHP2), was examined. Finally, activation of CAMKK2 and AMPK, and glucose oxidation and ATP levels were measured in capsaicin-treated cells in the presence or absence of TRPV1 antagonist (SB-452533). RESULTS Capsaicin activated cell signalling molecules including CAMKK2 and AMPK leading to increased glucose oxidation and ATP generation independent of insulin in the differentiated C2C12 cells. Pharmacological inhibition of TRPV1 diminished the activation of CAMKK2 and AMPK as well as glucose oxidation and ATP production. Moreover, we observed an inhibitory effect of capsaicin in the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in the mouse myotubes. CONCLUSION Our data show that capsaicin-mediated stimulation of TRPV1 in differentiated C2C12 cells leads to activation of CAMKK2 and AMPK, and increased glucose oxidation which is concomitant with an elevation in intracellular ATP level. Further studies of the effect of TRPV1 channel activation by capsaicin on glucose metabolism could provide novel therapeutic utility for the management of IR and T2DM.
Collapse
|
58
|
Zheng Y, Choi YH, Lee JH, Lee SY, Kang IJ. Anti-Obesity Effect of Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. Extract Containing Phenolic Acids. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061266. [PMID: 34199426 PMCID: PMC8228698 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. water extract (EAW) was investigated for its anti-obesity effects in C57BL/6J mice on a high-fat diet. Mice were divided into groups fed normal and high-fat diets (ND and HFD, respectively), and HFD mice were treated with EAW (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. Inhibition of HFD-induced obesity by EAW was evaluated using biochemical parameters, immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, and immunoblot assay. EAW supplementation significantly diminished the final body weight, adipose tissue size, and epididymal adipose tissue volume compared with mice with obesity induced by HFD (p < 0.05 for all). EAW also decreased serum triglyceride (TG) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c) levels in obese mice. EAW attenuated HFD-induced obesity by down-regulating C/EBPα, PPARγ, and SREBP-1c to suppress adipogenesis. Moreover, this study indicated that EAW activates the AMPK pathway and increases ACC phosphorylation and downstream CPT1 expression in HFD-induced obese mice. Furthermore, several phenolic acids with anti-obesity properties have been identified in EAW, including quinic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid. Based on these data, EAW has anti-obesity effects in vivo, which indicates that it is an excellent candidate for the development of anti-obesity functional foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & the Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (Y.Z.); (J.-H.L.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Yoon-Hee Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym Polytechnic University, Chuncheon 24210, Korea;
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & the Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (Y.Z.); (J.-H.L.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - So-Yeon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & the Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (Y.Z.); (J.-H.L.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Il-Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & the Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (Y.Z.); (J.-H.L.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-248-2135; Fax: +82-33-256-3420
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Bhardwaj M, Yadav P, Vashishth D, Sharma K, Kumar A, Chahal J, Dalal S, Kataria SK. A Review on Obesity Management through Natural Compounds and a Green Nanomedicine-Based Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113278. [PMID: 34071722 PMCID: PMC8198321 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a serious health complication in almost every corner of the world. Excessive weight gain results in the onset of several other health issues such as type II diabetes, cancer, respiratory diseases, musculoskeletal disorders (especially osteoarthritis), and cardiovascular diseases. As allopathic medications and derived pharmaceuticals are partially successful in overcoming this health complication, there is an incessant need to develop new alternative anti-obesity strategies with long term efficacy and less side effects. Plants harbor secondary metabolites such as phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids and other specific compounds that have been shown to have effective anti-obesity properties. Nanoencapsulation of these secondary metabolites enhances the anti-obesity efficacy of these natural compounds due to their speculated property of target specificity and enhanced efficiency. These nanoencapsulated and naive secondary metabolites show anti-obesity properties mainly by inhibiting the lipid and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes, suppression of adipogenesis and appetite, and enhancing energy metabolism. This review focuses on the plants and their secondary metabolites, along with their nanoencapsulation, that have anti-obesity effects, with their possible acting mechanisms, for better human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bhardwaj
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India; (M.B.); (P.Y.); (D.V.)
| | - Poonam Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India; (M.B.); (P.Y.); (D.V.)
| | - Divya Vashishth
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India; (M.B.); (P.Y.); (D.V.)
| | - Kavita Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Gaur Brahman Degree College, Rohtak 124001, India;
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Maharaja Neempal Singh Government College, Bhiwani 127021, India;
| | - Jyoti Chahal
- Department of Zoology, Hindu Girls College, Sonipat 131001, India;
| | - Sunita Dalal
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, India;
| | - Sudhir Kumar Kataria
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India; (M.B.); (P.Y.); (D.V.)
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Kong L, Xu M, Qiu Y, Liao M, Zhang Q, Yang L, Zheng G. Chlorogenic acid and caffeine combination attenuates adipogenesis by regulating fat metabolism and inhibiting adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13795. [PMID: 34036605 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease spreading in the world. In our previous studies, chlorogenic acid (CGA) and caffeine had ever been reported to reduce the body weight gain and fat accumulation in mice. This study investigated the anti-obesity effect of CGA and caffeine on 3T3-L1 cells. According to triglyceride (TG) assay and Oil-Red O staining, 40 μg/ml CGA and 160 μg/ml caffeine reduced TG content. Moreover, CGA + caffeine inhibited the mRNA expression of major adipogenic markers, PPAR-γ2, and C/EBPα in the metaphase and anaphase stages of differentiation induction (Day 2 and 4). CGA + caffeine improved P-AMPK/AMPK accompanied by decreasing the expression of GPDH and FAS to depress the lipid synthesis, increasing the mRNA expression of ACO and CAT to promote fatty acid oxidation and up-regulated the expression of hydrolysis-related enzyme adipose TG lipase (ATGL) and P-HSL/HSL. Furthermore, CGA + caffeine improved the expression of Glut4 which promoted the glucose transport. Taken together, these data demonstrated CGA + caffeine inhibited 3T3-L1 cells differentiation in the middle and late stages and reduced the fat accumulation through AMPK pathway by regulating the fat metabolism-related enzyme in 3T3-L1 cells to attenuates adipogenesis. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The aim of this study was to elucidate the potential role of chlorogenic acid and caffeine in the treatment of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Kong
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Meng Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Qiu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Mingfu Liao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Qingfeng Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Licong Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Zheng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
High Fat Activates O-GlcNAcylation and Affects AMPK/ACC Pathway to Regulate Lipid Metabolism. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061740. [PMID: 34063748 PMCID: PMC8223797 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A high-fat diet often leads to excessive fat deposition and adversely affects the organism. However, the mechanism of liver fat deposition induced by high fat is still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed at acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) to explore the mechanism of excessive liver deposition induced by high fat. In the present study, the ORF of ACC1 and ACC2 were cloned and characterized. Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein of ACC1 and ACC2 were increased in liver fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) or in hepatocytes incubated with oleic acid (OA). The phosphorylation of ACC was also decreased in hepatocytes incubated with OA. Moreover, AICAR dramatically improved the phosphorylation of ACC, and OA significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of the AMPK/ACC pathway. Further experiments showed that OA increased global O-GlcNAcylation and agonist of O-GlcNAcylation significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC. Importantly, the disorder of lipid metabolism caused by HFD or OA could be rescued by treating CP-640186, the dual inhibitor of ACC1 and ACC2. These observations suggested that high fat may activate O-GlcNAcylation and affect the AMPK/ACC pathway to regulate lipid synthesis, and also emphasized the importance of the role of ACC in lipid homeostasis.
Collapse
|
62
|
Prenylflavonoids from fruit of Macaranga tanarius promote glucose uptake via AMPK activation in L6 myotubes. J Nat Med 2021; 75:813-823. [PMID: 34014467 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a major tissue of glucose consumption and plays an important role in glucose homeostasis. Prenylflavonoids, a component of Macaranga tanarius fruits, have been reported to have antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer effects. However, the effects of these compounds on skeletal muscle glucose metabolism are unclear. Here, we isolated five prenylflavonoids from M. tanarius fruits, and investigated the mechanism of action of these compounds on skeletal muscle cells using L6 myotubes. We found that isonymphaeol B and 3'-geranyl naringenin increased glucose uptake in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, both isonymphaeol B and 3'-geranyl naringenin increased AMPK phosphorylation but did not affect PI3K-Akt phosphorylation. Isonymphaeol B and 3'-geranyl naringenin also increased Glut1 mRNA expression and plasma membrane GLUT1 protein levels. These results suggest that isonymphaeol B and 3'-geranyl naringenin have beneficial effects on glucose metabolism through AMPK and GLUT1 pathway. Isonymphaeol B and 3'-geranyl naringenin may be potential lead candidates for antidiabetic drug development.
Collapse
|
63
|
Jiang D, Zhang J, Lin S, Wang Y, Chen Y, Fan J. Prolyl Endopeptidase Gene Disruption Improves Gut Dysbiosis and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice Induced by a High-Fat Diet. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:628143. [PMID: 34095107 PMCID: PMC8172602 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.628143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut-liver axis is increasingly recognized as being involved in the pathogenesis and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Prolyl endopeptidase (PREP) plays a role in gut metabolic homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases. We investigated the role of PREP disruption in the crosstalk between gut flora and hepatic steatosis or inflammation in mice with NAFLD. Wild-type mice (WT) and PREP gene knocked mice (PREPgt) were fed a low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 or 24 weeks. Murine gut microbiota profiles were generated at 16 or 24 weeks. Liver lipogenesis-associated molecules and their upstream mediators, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin1 (SIRT1), were detected using RT-PCR or western blot in all mice. Inflammatory triggers and mediators from the gut or infiltrated inflammatory cells and signal mediators, such as p-ERK and p-p65, were determined. We found that PREP disruption modulated microbiota composition and altered the abundance of several beneficial bacteria such as the butyrate-producing bacteria in mice fed a HFD for 16 or 24 weeks. The level of butyrate in HFD-PREPgt mice significantly increased compared with that of the HFD-WT mice at 16 weeks. Interestingly, PREP disruption inhibited p-ERK and p-p65 and reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in response to endotoxin and proline-glycine-proline, which guided macrophage/neutrophil infiltration in mice fed a HFD for 24 weeks. However, at 16 weeks, PREP disruption, other than regulating hepatic inflammation, displayed improved liver lipogenesis and AMPK/SIRT1 signaling. PREP disruption may target multiple hepatic mechanisms related to the liver, gut, and microbiota, displaying a dynamic role in hepatic steatosis and inflammation during NAFLD. PREP might serve as a therapeutic target for NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daixi Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangzhe Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanwen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Mitochondrial Fission Governed by Drp1 Regulates Exogenous Fatty Acid Usage and Storage in Hela Cells. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050322. [PMID: 34069800 PMCID: PMC8157282 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the presence of high abundance of exogenous fatty acids, cells either store fatty acids in lipid droplets or oxidize them in mitochondria. In this study, we aimed to explore a novel and direct role of mitochondrial fission in lipid homeostasis in HeLa cells. We observed the association between mitochondrial morphology and lipid droplet accumulation in response to high exogenous fatty acids. We inhibited mitochondrial fission by silencing dynamin-related protein 1(DRP1) and observed the shift in fatty acid storage-usage balance. Inhibition of mitochondrial fission resulted in an increase in fatty acid content of lipid droplets and a decrease in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Next, we overexpressed carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT1), a key mitochondrial protein in fatty acid oxidation, to further examine the relationship between mitochondrial fatty acid usage and mitochondrial morphology. Mitochondrial fission plays a role in distributing exogenous fatty acids. CPT1A controlled the respiratory rate of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation but did not cause a shift in the distribution of fatty acids between mitochondria and lipid droplets. Our data reveals a novel function for mitochondrial fission in balancing exogenous fatty acids between usage and storage, assigning a role for mitochondrial dynamics in control of intracellular fuel utilization and partitioning.
Collapse
|
65
|
Haxhi J, Thompson PD. Rationale for the use of metformin and exercise to counteract statin-associated side effects. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e13900. [PMID: 33277775 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Statins are the most widely prescribed drugs for lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. They are usually well-tolerated, but have two main safety concerns: statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) and new-onset type 2 diabetes (NOD). METHODS A PubMed search was carried out using the following key words were used: statins, statin-associated muscle symptoms, statin myalgia, statin-associated diabetes, metformin and statins, exercise and statins. RESULTS Mitochondrial damage and muscle atrophy are likely the central mechanisms producing SAMS, whereas decreased glucose transport, fatty acid oxidation and insulin secretion are likely involved in the development of NOD. Metformin and exercise training share many pathways that could potentially contrast SAMS and NOD. Clinical evidence also supports the combination of statins with metformin and exercise. CONCLUSION This combination appears attractive both from a clinical and an economical viewpoint, since all three therapies are highly cost-effective and their combination could result in diabetes and cardiovascular disease prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonida Haxhi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Paul D Thompson
- Division of Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Ye Y, Liu X, Wu N, Han Y, Wang J, Yu Y, Chen Q. Efficacy and Safety of Berberine Alone for Several Metabolic Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:653887. [PMID: 33981233 PMCID: PMC8107691 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.653887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic activity is the basic life activity of organisms and the fundamental for maintaining body functions. With the improvement of living standards, the incidence of metabolic disorder is also increasing. At present, most of the clinical treatment strategies and meta-analysis for metabolic disorder uncover that combined medicines with berberine ameliorate several metabolic disorders. However, evidence to disclose the therapeutic effect of berberine treatment alone and the possible factors affecting the efficacy is limited. Therefore, we have formulated strict inclusion criteria and selected more reliable data for meta-analysis through more refined screening strategies to provide evidence and guidance for clinical decision-making and understand the effect of berberine treatment alone and the factors affecting its efficacy. Methods and results: Using meta-analysis of “Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions” as guidelines, we searched PubMed, GeenMedical, Cochrane library, and china national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI) for trials reporting clinical treatment data of berberine. Another 417 trials were included through other sources to increase confidence in results. Among the 1,660 related documents retrieved from the four databases, 18 eligible documents were selected for analysis. Given the differences in trial design and measurement units, we used the standardized mean difference (SMD) method to eliminate the differences and then summarize the data for analysis. The main factors are triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Random-effect model analysis was performed: TG (SMD: 0.94; 95%CI: 0.49,1.38; p = 0.00), TC (SMD: 1.06; 95%CI: 0.64, 1.48; p = 0.00), LDL (SMD: 1.77; 95%CI: 1.11,2.44; p = 0.00), HDL (SMD: −1.59; 95%CI: −2.32, −0.85; p = 0.00), HOMA-IR (SMD: 1.25; 95%CI: 0.25,2.24; p = 0.01), and FPG (SMD: 0.65; 95%CI: 0.28,1.03; p = 0.00). This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature to evaluate the therapeutic effect of berberine singly on metabolic diseases. Conclusion: Berberine can improve obesity and hyperlipidemia by reducing TG, TC, and LDL and increasing HDL; reduce insulin resistance to improve type Ⅱ diabetes; and prevent diabetic encephalopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Xiufen Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Ninghua Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China.,Basic Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yanqi Han
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yuandong Yu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Qingjie Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Chen CY, Su CW, Li X, Liu Y, Pan Q, Cao T, Kang JX. Lipid Extract From a Vegetable ( Sonchus Oleraceus) Attenuates Adipogenesis and High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Associated With AMPK Activation. Front Nutr 2021; 8:624283. [PMID: 33889593 PMCID: PMC8055827 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.624283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Scope:Sonchus Oleraceus, named bitter vegetable (BV), has been known to have multiple health benefits such as anti-aging and anti-inflammation. However, the role of BV in the prevention of obesity is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of BV lipid extracts (BVL) on obesity development. Methods and Results: Following treatments of high fat diet-induced obese mice (C57BL/6J) with BVL (0.3 mg/g of BW per mouse) for a month, mice exhibited a significant reduction in weight gain, blood triglyceride, and fasting blood glucose compared to control mice. Intriguingly, phosphorylated AMPK, a key regulator of nutrient metabolism, was markedly increased in inguinal fat of BVL group. In 3T3-L1 cells, BVL-7 (100 μg/ml), an omega-3 fatty acid-rich fraction from BVL, lowered lipid accumulation, and down-regulated the gene expression of adipocyte markers. The inhibitory effect of BVL occurred at the early stage of adipocyte differentiation, leading to the delay of mitotic clonal expansion. AMPK knockdown by siRNA abolished the inhibitory effect of BVL-7 on adipogenesis, suggesting that AMPK is essential for BVL-regulated adipocyte differentiation. Conclusion: BVL can effectively inhibit adipogenesis through, at least in part, stimulating AMPK pathway and attenuate HFD-induced obesity. Our findings suggest that BVL can be a promising dietary supplement for protection against obesity, and the effective component of BVL can be potentially developed as anti-obesity drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yu Chen
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Chien-Wen Su
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Xiangyong Li
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yinghua Liu
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Qian Pan
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Tinglan Cao
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Jing X Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Shatoor AS, Al Humayed S, Almohiy HM. Short-term administration of C. aronia stimulates insulin signaling, suppresses fatty acids metabolism, and increases glucose uptake and utilization in the hearts of healthy rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1966-1977. [PMID: 33732083 PMCID: PMC7938129 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of Crataegus aronia (C. aronia) aqueous extract on cardiac substrate utilization and insulin signaling in adult male healthy Wistar rats. Rats (n = 18/group) were either administered normal saline (vehicle) or treated with C. aronia aqueous extract (200 mg/kg) for 7 days, daily. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels were not significantly changed in C. aronia-treated rats but were significantly reduced after both the intraperitoneal glucose or insulin tolerance tests. Besides, C. aronia significantly increased the left ventricular (LV) activities of phosphofructokinase (PFK) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), two markers of glycolysis and glucose oxidation, respectively, and suppressed the levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), an inhibitor of PDH. Concomitantly, it significantly reduced the LV levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) and PPARα, two markers of fatty acid (FAs) oxidations. Under basal and insulin stimulation, C. aronia aqueous extract boosted insulin signaling in the LV of rats by increasing the protein levels of p-IRS (Tyr612) and p-Akt (Ser473) and suppressing protein levels of p-mTOR (Ser 2448) and p-IRS (Ser307). In parallel, C. aronia also increased the protein levels of GLUT-4 in the membrane fraction of the treated LVs. All these effects were also associated with a significant increase in AMPK activity (phosphorylation at Thr172), a major energy modulator that stimulates glucose utilization. In conclusion, short-term administration of C. aronia aqueous extract shifts the cardiac metabolism toward glucose utilization, thus making this plant a potential therapeutic medication in cardiac disorders with impaired metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah S Shatoor
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Section, College of Medicine, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Al Humayed
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain M Almohiy
- Depatrtment of Radiology Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Lu Y, Mao J, Han X, Zhang W, Li Y, Liu Y, Li Q. Downregulated hypoxia-inducible factor 1α improves myoblast differentiation under hypoxic condition in mouse genioglossus. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:1351-1364. [PMID: 33389500 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03995-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome targets the narrow anatomic structure of the upper airway (UA) and lacks an effective therapy for UA dilator muscle dysfunction. Long-term hypoxia can cause damage to UA dilator muscles and trigger a vicious cycle. We previously confirmed that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) upregulation mediates muscle fatigue in hypoxia condition, but the underlying mechanism remains to be determined. The present study investigated the intrinsic mechanisms and related pathways of HIF-1α that affect myoblast differentiation, with an aim to search for compounds that have protective effects in hypoxic condition. Differentiation of myoblasts was induced under hypoxia, and we found that hypoxia significantly inhibits the differentiation of myoblasts, damages the ultrastructure of mitochondria, and reduces the expression of myogenin, PGC-1β and pAMPKα1. HIF-1α has a negative regulation effect on AMPK. Downregulation of HIF-1α increases the expression of the abovementioned proteins, promotes the differentiation of myoblasts, and protects mitochondrial integrity. In addition, mitochondrial biogenesis occurs during myogenic differentiation. Inhibition of the AMPK pathway inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis, decreases the level of PGC-1β, and increases apoptosis. Resveratrol dimer can reverse the mitochondrial damage induced by AMPK pathway inhibition and decrease myoblast apoptosis. Our results provided a regulatory mechanism for hypoxic injury in genioglossus which may contribute to the pathogenesis and treatment of OSAHS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, No.356 East Beijing Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 2 Tianjin Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Jiaqi Mao
- Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 2 Tianjin Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Hebei Medical University, 383 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xinxin Han
- Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 2 Tianjin Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, No.356 East Beijing Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 2 Tianjin Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 2 Tianjin Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 356 East Beijing Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Yuehua Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, No.356 East Beijing Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
- Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 2 Tianjin Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, No.356 East Beijing Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
- Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 2 Tianjin Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Chien YJ, Chang CY, Wu MY, Chen CH, Horng YS, Wu HC. Effects of Curcumin on Glycemic Control and Lipid Profile in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:684. [PMID: 33669954 PMCID: PMC7924860 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effects of curcumin for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remain inconclusive. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of curcumin on glycemic control and lipid profile in patients with PCOS. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched from the inception through 28 November 2020. Randomized control trials (RCTs), which enrolled adult patients with PCOS, compared curcumin with placebo regarding the glycemic control and lipid profile, and reported sufficient information for performing meta-analysis, were included. Three RCTs were included. Curcumin significantly improves fasting glucose (mean difference (MD): -2.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): -4.16 to -1.38), fasting insulin (MD: -1.33, 95% CI: -2.18 to -0.49), Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (MD: -0.32, 95% CI: -0.52 to -0.12), and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (MD: 0.010, 95% CI: 0.003-0.018). It also significantly improves high-density lipoprotein (MD: 1.92, 95% CI: 0.33-3.51) and total cholesterol (MD: -12.45, 95% CI: -22.05 to -2.85). In contrast, there is no statistically significant difference in the improvement in low-density lipoprotein (MD: -6.02, 95% CI: -26.66 to 14.62) and triglyceride (MD: 8.22, 95% CI: -26.10 to 42.53) between curcumin and placebo. The results of the fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, and total cholesterol are conclusive as indicated by the trial sequential analysis. Curcumin may improve glycemic control and lipid metabolism in patients with PCOS and metabolic abnormality without significant adverse effects. Further studies are advocated to investigate the potential effects of curcumin on hyperandrogenism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Jiun Chien
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (M.-Y.W.)
| | - Chun-Yu Chang
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (M.-Y.W.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yu Wu
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (M.-Y.W.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Shiung Horng
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (M.-Y.W.)
| | - Hsin-Chi Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (M.-Y.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Ruiz-Pérez MV, Sainero-Alcolado L, Oliynyk G, Matuschek I, Balboni N, Ubhayasekera SKA, Snaebjornsson MT, Makowski K, Aaltonen K, Bexell D, Serra D, Nilsson R, Bergquist J, Schulze A, Arsenian-Henriksson M. Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis induces differentiation and reduces tumor burden in childhood neuroblastoma. iScience 2021; 24:102128. [PMID: 33659885 PMCID: PMC7895756 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many metabolic pathways, including lipid metabolism, are rewired in tumors to support energy and biomass production and to allow adaptation to stressful environments. Neuroblastoma is the second deadliest solid tumor in children. Genetic aberrations, as the amplification of the MYCN-oncogene, correlate strongly with disease progression. Yet, there are only a few molecular targets successfully exploited in the clinic. Here we show that inhibition of fatty acid synthesis led to increased neural differentiation and reduced tumor burden in neuroblastoma xenograft experiments independently of MYCN-status. This was accompanied by reduced levels of the MYCN or c-MYC oncoproteins and activation of ERK signaling. Importantly, the expression levels of genes involved in de novo fatty acid synthesis showed prognostic value for neuroblastoma patients. Our findings demonstrate that inhibition of de novo fatty acid synthesis is a promising pharmacological intervention strategy for the treatment of neuroblastoma independently of MYCN-status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Ruiz-Pérez
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum B7, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lourdes Sainero-Alcolado
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum B7, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ganna Oliynyk
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum B7, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Isabell Matuschek
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum B7, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicola Balboni
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum B7, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S.J. Kumari A. Ubhayasekera
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Kamil Makowski
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Bexell
- Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, 22381 Lund, Sweden
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roland Nilsson
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Almut Schulze
- Tumor Metabolism and Microenvironment, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marie Arsenian-Henriksson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum B7, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Gender dependent differences in lipid metabolism in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 19:967-977. [PMID: 33520816 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aim The present study investigates gender dependent effects of insulin resistance on lipid profile and adipocytokines in individuals with diabetes receiving oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs). The aim was also to reveal the changes in the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation. Methods Lipid profile, adipocytokine levels and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was assessed in 100 patients with diabetes (M = 43, F = 57) matched for age and gender with healthy individuals (M = 45, F = 55). The expression pattern of genes was analyzed by quantitative real time PCR. Results Males consuming metformin with other drugs exhibited a positive association between HOMA-IR and cholesterol, triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). Females consuming only metformin and metformin with other drugs, showed a positive association of HOMA-IR with cholesterol and a negative association with adiponectin. In males and females with diabetes, a comparable expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) while higher expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) was observed. Expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), long chain acyl CoA Synthetases (ACSL), malonyl-CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase (MCAT) and nuclear factor kappa β (NFkβ) was higher in men with diabetes than healthy males. Expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was higher in males and females with diabetes than respective healthy genders. Conclusion Insulin resistance adversely affects lipid profile, adipocytokines in males with type 2 diabetes. Expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation is found to be undesirably and differentially altered in both the genders.
Collapse
|
73
|
Nuwormegbe SA, Kim SW. AMPK Activation by 5-Amino-4-Imidazole Carboxamide Riboside-1-β-D-Ribofuranoside Attenuates Alkali Injury-Induced Corneal Fibrosis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:43. [PMID: 32561924 PMCID: PMC7415321 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.6.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Increased TGF-β1 synthesis after corneal alkali injury is implicated in corneal fibrosis, as it promotes transdifferentiation of keratocytes into myofibroblasts. The activation of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide riboside-1-β-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) inhibits TGF-β1-induced fibrosis in other cell types. We investigated the antifibrotic effect of AICAR in corneal fibroblasts after alkali injury. Methods Mouse models of corneal alkali burn, produced by placing 2-mm-diameter filter paper soaked in 0.1-N NaOH on the right cornea for 30 seconds, were treated with the test drugs 4× daily for 21 days. The central cornea was scanned by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Corneal tissues were obtained and processed for western blotting and immunohistochemistry. For in vitro analysis, primary human corneal fibroblasts were treated directly with TGF-β1 to induce fibrosis, with or without AICAR pretreatment. Myofibroblast activation and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein synthesis were detected by western blotting, real-time PCR, and collagen gel contraction assay. Signaling proteins were analyzed by western blotting. Results Alkali injury induced the upregulation of TGF-β1 expression, which led to increased α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin synthesis and myofibroblast differentiation. AMPK activation by AICAR significantly suppressed TGF-β1 and ECM protein expression. The antifibrotic effect of AICAR was AMPK dependent, as treatment with the AMPK inhibitor Compound C attenuated the antifibrotic response. Conclusions AMPK activation by AICAR suppresses the myofibroblast differentiation and ECM synthesis that occur after alkali injury in corneal fibroblasts.
Collapse
|
74
|
Zamani-Garmsiri F, Hashemnia SMR, Shabani M, Bagherieh M, Emamgholipour S, Meshkani R. Combination of metformin and genistein alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in high-fat diet-fed mice. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 87:108505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
75
|
Juszczak F, Vlassembrouck M, Botton O, Zwakhals T, Decarnoncle M, Tassin A, Caron N, Declèves AE. Delayed Exercise Training Improves Obesity-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease by Activating AMPK Pathway in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010350. [PMID: 33396267 PMCID: PMC7795787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training is now recognized as an interesting therapeutic strategy in managing obesity and its related disorders. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about its impact on obesity-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here, we investigated the effects of a delayed protocol of endurance exercise training (EET) as well as the underlying mechanism in obese mice presenting CKD. Mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or a low-fat diet (LFD) for 12 weeks were subsequently submitted to an 8-weeks EET protocol. Delayed treatment with EET in obese mice prevented body weight gain associated with a reduced calorie intake. EET intervention counteracted obesity-related disorders including glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hepatic steatosis. Moreover, our data demonstrated for the first time the beneficial effects of EET on obesity-induced CKD as evidenced by an improvement of obesity-related glomerulopathy, tubulo-interstitial fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress. EET also prevented renal lipid depositions in the proximal tubule. These results were associated with an improvement of the AMPK pathway by EET in renal tissue. AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of ACC and ULK-1 were particularly enhanced leading to increased fatty acid oxidation and autophagy improvement with EET in obese mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Juszczak
- Laboratory of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium; (M.V.); (T.Z.); (M.D.); (A.-E.D.)
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit (URPhyM), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), 5000 Namur, Belgium; (O.B.); (N.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-65373580
| | - Maud Vlassembrouck
- Laboratory of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium; (M.V.); (T.Z.); (M.D.); (A.-E.D.)
| | - Olivia Botton
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit (URPhyM), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), 5000 Namur, Belgium; (O.B.); (N.C.)
| | - Thomas Zwakhals
- Laboratory of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium; (M.V.); (T.Z.); (M.D.); (A.-E.D.)
| | - Morgane Decarnoncle
- Laboratory of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium; (M.V.); (T.Z.); (M.D.); (A.-E.D.)
| | - Alexandra Tassin
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium;
| | - Nathalie Caron
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit (URPhyM), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), 5000 Namur, Belgium; (O.B.); (N.C.)
| | - Anne-Emilie Declèves
- Laboratory of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium; (M.V.); (T.Z.); (M.D.); (A.-E.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Zamani-Garmsiri F, Ghasempour G, Aliabadi M, Hashemnia SMR, Emamgholipour S, Meshkani R. Combination of metformin and chlorogenic acid attenuates hepatic steatosis and inflammation in high-fat diet fed mice. IUBMB Life 2020; 73:252-263. [PMID: 33326684 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an important health problem in the world. Natural products, with anti-inflammatory properties, are potential candidates for alleviating NAFLD. Metformin (MET) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) have been reported to be effective in the improvement of NAFLD. Here, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of MET and CGA combination in ameliorating NAFLD in high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice. Fifty C57BL/6 male mice were divided into two groups, one fed a standard chow diet (n = 10) and the other was fed an HFD (n = 40) for 10 weeks. Animals in the HFD group were then randomly divided into a four groups (HFD, HFD + MET (0.25%), HFD + CGA (0.02%) and HFD + MET + CGA (0.25 + 0.02%). MET and CGA combination decreases fasting blood glucose and improves glucose intolerance. Decreased hepatic triglyceride level was associated with lower expression levels of fatty acid synthase and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c in MET+CGA treated mice. MET and CGA combination treatment resulted in the polarization of macrophages to the M2 phenotype, reduction of the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), and decreasing protein level of NF-kB p65. It was found that the lowering effect of combined MET and CGA on the expression of gluconeogenic genes was accompanied by increasing phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β. Treatment of HFD mice with the combination of MET and CGA was found to be more effective at alleviating inflammation and lipid accumulation by increasing phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the MET + CGA combination might exert therapeutic effects against NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Zamani-Garmsiri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Ghasempour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoume Aliabadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Solaleh Emamgholipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Intestinal Population in Host with Metabolic Syndrome during Administration of Chitosan and Its Derivatives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245857. [PMID: 33322383 PMCID: PMC7764266 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan and its derivatives can alleviate metabolic syndrome by different regulation mechanisms, phosphorylation of AMPK (AMP-activated kinase) and Akt (also known as protein kinase B), suppression of PPAR-γ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ) and SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory element–binding proteins), and translocation of GLUT4 (glucose transporter-4), and also the downregulation of fatty-acid-transport proteins, fatty-acid-binding proteins, fatty acid synthetase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase), and HMG-CoA reductase (hydroxy methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase). The improved microbial profiles in the gastrointestinal tract were positively correlated with the improved glucose and lipid profiles in hosts with metabolic syndrome. Hence, this review will summarize the current literature illustrating positive correlations between the alleviated conditions in metabolic syndrome hosts and the normalized gut microbiota in hosts with metabolic syndrome after treatment with chitosan and its derivatives, implying that the possibility of chitosan and its derivatives to serve as therapeutic application will be consolidated. Chitosan has been shown to modulate cardiometabolic symptoms (e.g., lipid and glycemic levels, blood pressure) as well as gut microbiota. However, the literature that summarizes the relationship between such metabolic modulation of chitosan and prebiotic-like effects is limited. This review will discuss the connection among their structures, biological properties, and prebiotic effects for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Our hope is that future researchers will consider the prebiotic effects as significant contributors to the mitigation of metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
|
78
|
Herring Milt and Herring Milt Protein Hydrolysate Are Equally Effective in Improving Insulin Sensitivity and Pancreatic Beta-Cell Function in Diet-Induced Obese- and Insulin-Resistant Mice. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18120635. [PMID: 33322303 PMCID: PMC7763884 DOI: 10.3390/md18120635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although genetic predisposition influences the onset and progression of insulin resistance and diabetes, dietary nutrients are critical. In general, protein is beneficial relative to carbohydrate and fat but dependent on protein source. Our recent study demonstrated that 70% replacement of dietary casein protein with the equivalent quantity of protein derived from herring milt protein hydrolysate (HMPH; herring milt with proteins being enzymatically hydrolyzed) significantly improved insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. As production of protein hydrolysate increases the cost of the product, it is important to determine whether a simply dried and ground herring milt product possesses similar benefits. Therefore, the current study was conducted to investigate the effect of herring milt dry powder (HMDP) on glucose control and the associated metabolic phenotypes and further to compare its efficacy with HMPH. Male C57BL/6J mice on a high-fat diet for 7 weeks were randomized based on body weight and blood glucose into three groups. One group continued on the high-fat diet and was used as the insulin-resistant/diabetic control and the other two groups were given the high-fat diet modified to have 70% of casein protein being replaced with the same amount of protein from HMDP or HMPH. A group of mice on a low-fat diet all the time was used as the normal control. The results demonstrated that mice on the high-fat diet increased weight gain and showed higher blood concentrations of glucose, insulin, and leptin, as well as impaired glucose tolerance and pancreatic β-cell function relative to those on the normal control diet. In comparison with the high-fat diet, the replacement of 70% dietary casein protein with the same amount of HMDP or HMPH protein decreased weight gain and significantly improved the aforementioned biomarkers, insulin sensitivity or resistance, and β-cell function. The HMDP and HMPH showed similar effects on every parameter except blood lipids where HMDP decreased total cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol levels while the effect of HMPH was not significant. The results demonstrate that substituting 70% of dietary casein protein with the equivalent amount of HMDP or HMPH protein protects against obesity and diabetes, and HMDP is also beneficial to cholesterol homeostasis.
Collapse
|
79
|
A structured DAG enriched mustard oil system ameliorates hypercholesterolemia through modulation of AMPK and NF-κB signaling system. PHARMANUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
80
|
Novikova DS, Grigoreva TA, Ivanov GS, Melino G, Barlev NA, Tribulovich VG. Activating Effect of 3‐Benzylidene Oxindoles on AMPK: From Computer Simulation to High‐Content Screening. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:2521-2529. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daria S. Novikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) Moskovskii pr. 26 190013 Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - Tatyana A. Grigoreva
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) Moskovskii pr. 26 190013 Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - Gleb S. Ivanov
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) Moskovskii pr. 26 190013 Saint Petersburg Russia
- Laboratory of Regulation of Gene Expression Institute of Cytology RAS Tikhoretskii pr. 4 194064 Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery University of Rome Tor Vergata Via Montpellier 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Nickolai A. Barlev
- Laboratory of Regulation of Gene Expression Institute of Cytology RAS Tikhoretskii pr. 4 194064 Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - Vyacheslav G. Tribulovich
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) Moskovskii pr. 26 190013 Saint Petersburg Russia
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
LRRK2 Regulates CPT1A to Promote β-Oxidation in HepG2 Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184122. [PMID: 32916992 PMCID: PMC7570678 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is involved in lipid metabolism; however, the role of LRRK2 in lipid metabolism to affect non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is still unclear. In the mouse model of NAFLD induced by a high-fat diet, we observed that LRRK2 was decreased in livers. In HepG2 cells, exposure to palmitic acid (PA) down-regulated LRRK2. Overexpression and knockdown of LRRK2 in HepG2 cells were performed to further investigate the roles of LRRK2 in lipid metabolism. Our results showed that β-oxidation in HepG2 cells was promoted by LRRK2 overexpression, whereas LRRK2 knockdown inhibited β-oxidation. The critical enzyme of β-oxidation, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), was positively regulated by LRRK2. Our data suggested that the regulation of CPT1A by LRRK2 may be via the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). The overexpression of LRRK2 reduced the concentration of a pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), induced by PA. The increase in β-oxidation may promote lipid catabolism to suppress inflammation induced by PA. These results indicated that LRRK2 participated in the regulation of β-oxidation and suggested that the decreased LRRK2 may promote inflammation by suppressing β-oxidation in the liver.
Collapse
|
82
|
|
83
|
A synbiotic consisting of Lactobacillus plantarum S58 and hull-less barley β-glucan ameliorates lipid accumulation in mice fed with a high-fat diet by activating AMPK signaling and modulating the gut microbiota. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 243:116398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
84
|
Ashida H, Tian X, Kitakaze T, Yamashita Y. Bisacurone suppresses hepatic lipid accumulation through inhibiting lipogenesis and promoting lipolysis. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 67:43-52. [PMID: 32801468 PMCID: PMC7417797 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Turmeric and its components have various health beneficial functions. However, little is known about function of bisacurone, which is one of the sesquiterpenes in turmeric, at the compound level. In this study, we investigated the preventive effect of bisacurone on hepatic lipid accumulation and its mechanism in HepG2 cells and ICR mice. In HepG2 cells, bisacurone significantly inhibited fatty acid-induced intracellular lipid accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Bisacurone at 10 µM increased protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1A accompanied by phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase. In the liver of ICR mice, bisacurone decreased total lipids, triglyceride, and cholesterol contents. Bisacurone at 10 mg/kg body weight increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase, and its downstream acetyl-CoA carboxylase as a rate-limiting enzyme for lipogenesis, while it decreased the nuclear translocation level of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 and carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein as the major transcription factors for lipogenesis. On the other hand, bisacurone promoted lipolysis by up-expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1A. Thus, bisacurone might be a valuable food factor for preventing hepatic lipid accumulation by inhibiting lipogenesis and promoting lipolysis through phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Ashida
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Xiaokuo Tian
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kitakaze
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamashita
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Murphy KP, Hendley MA, Patterson AT, Hall HE, Carter GJ, Isely C, Gower RM. Modulation of adipocyte size and fat pad weight via resveratrol releasing scaffolds implanted into the epididymal adipose tissue. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 109:766-778. [PMID: 32681806 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Lipid overload of the adipose tissue, which can be caused by overnutrition, underlies metabolic disease. We hypothesized that increasing the energy demand of adipose tissue is a promising strategy to combat excessive lipid accumulation. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, activates lipid catabolism in fat tissue; however, its clinical success is hindered by poor bioavailability. Here, we implanted resveratrol releasing poly(lactide-co-glycolide) scaffolds into epididymal fat to overcome its poor bioavailability with the goal of enhancing local lipid catabolism. In lean mice, resveratrol scaffolds decreased adipocyte size relative to scaffolds with no drug, a response that correlated with AMP kinase activation. Immunohistochemistry indicated that macrophages and multinucleated giant cells within the scaffold expressed carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) at higher levels than other cells in the adipose tissue. Furthermore, resveratrol increased CPT1 levels in cultured macrophages. Taken together, we propose that resveratrol scaffolds decrease adipocyte size because resveratrol increases lipid utilization in scaffold-infiltrating immune cells, possibly through elevating CPT1 levels or activity. In a follow-up study, mice that received resveratrol scaffolds 28-day prior to a high-fat diet exhibited decreased weight gain, adipose tissue expansion, and adipocyte hypertrophy compared to mice with control scaffolds. Notably, this scaffold-based strategy required a single resveratrol administration compared to the daily regiment generally needed for oral administration. These results indicate that localized delivery of metabolism modulating agents to the adipose tissue may overcome issues with bioavailability and that the role of biomaterials should be further investigated in this therapeutic strategy for metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kendall P Murphy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Michael A Hendley
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Alexandra T Patterson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Hayley E Hall
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Griffin J Carter
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher Isely
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - R Michael Gower
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
The Root of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Alleviates Non-Alcoholic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance in High Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082353. [PMID: 32781739 PMCID: PMC7468938 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatosis and insulin resistance are critical health problems and cause metabolic complications worldwide. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PM) against hepatic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance by using in vitro and in vivo models. PM extract significantly attenuated the accumulation of lipid droplets and hepatic triglyceride in free fatty acid (FFA)-exposed HepG2 cells. PM extract increased the AMPK and ACC phosphorylation and GLUT4 expression, whose levels were downregulated in FFA-exposed cells. PM extract also decreased precursor and mature forms of SREBP-1 in FFA-exposed cells. C57BL/6 mice fed with normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) were administered PM extract (100 mg/kg) or vehicle orally for 16 weeks. PM extract attenuated the increases of the epididymal and perirenal fats on HFD feeding. PM extract markedly reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and fasting glucose levels, and improved glucose and insulin sensitivity in HFD-fed mice. HFD-fed mice decreased the AMPK and ACC phosphorylation and GLUT4 expression, and increased precursor and mature forms of SREBP-1; these changes were significantly restored by PM extract. In conclusion, PM extract alleviates non-alcoholic steatosis and insulin resistance through modulating the expression of proteins on lipid metabolism and glucose transport in the liver.
Collapse
|
87
|
Lu H, Yuan X, Zhang Y, Han M, Liu S, Han K, Liang P, Cheng J. HCBP6 deficiency exacerbates glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in non-alcoholic fatty liver mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110347. [PMID: 32535386 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which often accompanied by metabolic syndrome, such as obesity, diabetes and dyslipidemia, has become a global health problem. Our previous results show that HCV core protein binding protein 6 (HCBP6) could maintain the triglyceride homeostasis in liver cells. However, the role of HCBP6 in NAFLD and its associated metabolic disorders remains incompletely understood. METHODS Hepatic HCBP6 expression was determined by qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis. HCBP6 knockout (HCBP6-KO) mice were constructed and fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce NAFLD. The effects of HCBP6 on glucose and lipid metabolism were measured by HE staining, qRT-PCR, Western blot and GTT. Wild-type and HCBP6-KO mice kept on a HFD were treated with ginsenosides Rh2, and HE staining and GTT were used to study the function of Rh2 in metabolism disorders. RESULTS HCBP6 is reduced in HFD-fed mice. HCBP6 deficiency increased the body weight, aggravated fatty liver and deteriorated lipid homeostasis as well as glucose homeostasis in HFD-induced mouse model of NAFLD. Moreover, HCBP6-KO mice failed to maintain body temperature upon cold challenge. Mechanistically, HCBP6 could regulate lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation via activation of AMKP in vivo. In addition, HCBP6 expression was upregulated by ginsenosides Rh2. Accordingly, ginsenosides Rh2 administrations improved HFD-induced fatty liver and glucose tolerance. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that HCBP6 is essential in maintaining lipid and glucose homeostasis and body temperature. HCBP6 augmented by ginsenosides Rh2 may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of metabolic disorders in NAFLD mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Lu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yuan
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China; Department of Hepatology Division 3, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Ming Han
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Shunai Liu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Kai Han
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Pu Liang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University & Capital Medical University, Beijing 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Gutiérrez-Guerrero YT, Ibarra-Laclette E, Martínez del Río C, Barrera-Redondo J, Rebollar EA, Ortega J, León-Paniagua L, Urrutia A, Aguirre-Planter E, Eguiarte LE. Genomic consequences of dietary diversification and parallel evolution due to nectarivory in leaf-nosed bats. Gigascience 2020; 9:giaa059. [PMID: 32510151 PMCID: PMC7276932 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giaa059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The New World leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomids) exhibit a diverse spectrum of feeding habits and innovations in their nutrient acquisition and foraging mechanisms. However, the genomic signatures associated with their distinct diets are unknown. RESULTS We conducted a genomic comparative analysis to study the evolutionary dynamics related to dietary diversification and specialization. We sequenced, assembled, and annotated the genomes of five Phyllostomid species: one insect feeder (Macrotus waterhousii), one fruit feeder (Artibeus jamaicensis), and three nectar feeders from the Glossophaginae subfamily (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae, Leptonycteris nivalis, and Musonycteris harrisoni), also including the previously sequenced vampire Desmodus rotundus. Our phylogenomic analysis based on 22,388 gene families displayed differences in expansion and contraction events across the Phyllostomid lineages. Independently of diet, genes relevant for feeding strategies and food intake experienced multiple expansions and signatures of positive selection. We also found adaptation signatures associated with specialized diets: the vampire exhibited traits associated with a blood diet (i.e., coagulation mechanisms), whereas the nectarivore clade shares a group of positively selected genes involved in sugar, lipid, and iron metabolism. Interestingly, in fruit-nectar-feeding Phyllostomid and Pteropodids bats, we detected positive selection in two genes: AACS and ALKBH7, which are crucial in sugar and fat metabolism. Moreover, in these two proteins we found parallel amino acid substitutions in conserved positions exclusive to the tribe Glossophagini and to Pteropodids. CONCLUSIONS Our findings illuminate the genomic and molecular shifts associated with the evolution of nectarivory and shed light on how nectar-feeding bats can avoid the adverse effects of diets with high glucose content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yocelyn T Gutiérrez-Guerrero
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Ibarra-Laclette
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología AC, 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | | | - Josué Barrera-Redondo
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eria A Rebollar
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jorge Ortega
- Departamento de Zoología, Laboratorio de Bioconservación y Manejo, Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional-ENCB, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Livia León-Paniagua
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Araxi Urrutia
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erika Aguirre-Planter
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis E Eguiarte
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Zhang C, Chen M, Zhou N, Qi Y. Metformin Prevents H₂O₂-Induced Senescence in Human Lens Epithelial B3 Cells. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2020; 26:e923391. [PMID: 32336745 PMCID: PMC7202252 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.923391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of metformin against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cellular senescence and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of lens epithelial cell senescence. Material/Methods We used H2O2 to establish senescence in human lens epithelial B3 cells. The cells were exposed to H2O2 for different numbers of days to mimic aging. Senescence was assessed by senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, and the molecular mechanism was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis. The cultured cells were exposed to 150 μM H2O2 for 7 days with or without metformin to detect the underlying molecular mechanism of lens epithelial cell senescence. Results The lens epithelial cells exposed to 150 μM H2O2 for 7 days exhibited senescence. The expression levels of senescence-related markers were increased in H2O2-treated cells. Metformin prevented H2O2-induced cellular senescence in human lens epithelial B3 cells. Conclusions These findings suggest that senescence marker expression is increased in the cells exposed to H2O2. Metformin protects human lens epithelial B3 cells from H2O2-induced senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harbin Medical University, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Mengmeng Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harbin Medical University, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harbin Medical University, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yanhua Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harbin Medical University, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Noor HB, Mou NA, Salem L, Shimul MF, Biswas S, Akther R, Khan S, Raihan S, Mohib MM, Sagor MA. Anti-inflammatory Property of AMP-activated Protein Kinase. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:2-41. [PMID: 31530260 PMCID: PMC7460777 DOI: 10.2174/1871523018666190830100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the many debated topics in inflammation research is whether this scenario is really an accelerated form of human wound healing and immunityboosting or a push towards autoimmune diseases. The answer requires a better understanding of the normal inflammatory process, including the molecular pathology underlying the possible outcomes. Exciting recent investigations regarding severe human inflammatory disorders and autoimmune conditions have implicated molecular changes that are also linked to normal immunity, such as triggering factors, switching on and off, the influence of other diseases and faulty stem cell homeostasis, in disease progression and development. METHODS We gathered around and collected recent online researches on immunity, inflammation, inflammatory disorders and AMPK. We basically searched PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar to assemble the studies which were published since 2010. RESULTS Our findings suggested that inflammation and related disorders are on the verge and interfere in the treatment of other diseases. AMPK serves as a key component that prevents various kinds of inflammatory signaling. In addition, our table and hypothetical figures may open a new door in inflammation research, which could be a greater therapeutic target for controlling diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance and preventing autoimmune diseases. CONCLUSION The relationship between immunity and inflammation becomes easily apparent. Yet, the essence of inflammation turns out to be so startling that the theory may not be instantly established and many possible arguments are raised for its clearance. However, this study might be able to reveal some possible approaches where AMPK can reduce or prevent inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Md A.T. Sagor
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Tel: +8801719130130; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Rohilla S, Dureja H, Chawla V. Cytoprotective Agents to Avoid Chemotherapy Induced Sideeffects on Normal Cells: A Review. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2019; 19:765-781. [DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666190326120457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer agents play a vital role in the cure of patients suffering from malignancy. Though, the chemotherapeutic agents are associated with various adverse effects which produce significant toxic symptoms in the patients. But this therapy affects both the malignant and normal cells and leads to constricted therapeutic index of antimalignant drugs which adversely impacts the quality of patients’ life. Due to these adversities, sufficient dose of drug is not delivered to patients leading to delay in treatment or improper treatment. Chemoprotective agents have been developed either to minimize or to mitigate the toxicity allied with chemotherapeutic agents. Without any concession in the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs, they provide organ specific guard to normal tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seema Rohilla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hindu College of Pharmacy, Sonepat- 131001, India
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
| | - Vinay Chawla
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot-151203, India
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
McAllister MJ, Pigg BL, Renteria LI, Waldman HS. Time-restricted feeding improves markers of cardiometabolic health in physically active college-age men: a 4-week randomized pre-post pilot study. Nutr Res 2019; 75:32-43. [PMID: 31955013 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) has been shown to improve body composition, blood lipids, and reduce markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. However, most of these studies come from rodent models and small human samples, and it is not clear if the benefits are dependent upon a caloric deficit, or the time restriction nature of TRF. Based off of previous research, we hypothesized that humans following an ad libitum TRF protocol would reduce caloric intake and this caloric deficit would be associated with greater improvements in cardiometabolic health including blood pressure, body composition, blood lipids, and markers of inflammation and antioxidant status compared to an isocaloric TRF protocol. The purpose of this study was to: (1) examine the impact of TRF on markers of cardio-metabolic health and antioxidant status and (2) determine if the adaptations from TRF would differ under ad libitum compared to isocaloric conditions. Twenty-three healthy men were randomized to either an ad libitum or isocaloric 16:8 (fasting: feeding) TRF protocol. A total of 22 men completed the 28-day TRF protocol (mean ± SD; age: 22 ± 2.5 yrs.; height: 178.4 ± 6.9 cm; weight: 90.3 ± 24 kg; BMI: 28.5 ± 8.3 kg/m2). Fasting blood samples were analyzed for glucose, lipids, as well as adiponectin, human growth hormone, insulin, cortisol, C-reactive protein, superoxide dismutase, total nitrate/nitrite, and glutathione. Time-restricted feeding in both groups was associated with significant (P < .05) reductions in body fat, blood pressure, and significant increases in adiponectin and HDL-c. No changes in caloric intake were detected. In summary, the results from this pilot study in metabolically healthy, active young men, suggest that TRF can improve markers of cardiometabolic health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J McAllister
- Metabolic and Applied Physiology Lab, Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666.
| | - Brandon L Pigg
- School of Health Studies, The University of Memphis, Memphis TN, 38152
| | - Liliana I Renteria
- Metabolic and Applied Physiology Lab, Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666
| | - Hunter S Waldman
- Human Performance Lab, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Alabama, Florence, AL, 35632
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Ding Y, Wang L, Im S, Hwang O, Kim HS, Kang MC, Lee SH. Anti-Obesity Effect of Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol Isolated from Brown Alga Ishige okamurae in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E637. [PMID: 31717668 PMCID: PMC6891314 DOI: 10.3390/md17110637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) is one of the most abundant bioactive compounds in Ishige okamurae. The previous study suggested that DPHC possesses strong in vitro anti-obesity activity in 3T3-L1 cells. However, the in vivo anti-obesity effect of DPHC has not been determined. The current study explored the effect of DPHC on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in C57BL/6J mice. The results indicated that oral administration of DPHC (25 and 50 mg/kg/day for six weeks) significantly and dose-dependently reduced HFD-induced adiposity and body weight gain. DPHC not only decreased the levels of triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, leptin, and aspartate transaminase but also increased the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum of HFD mice. In addition, DPHC significantly reduced hepatic lipid accumulation by reduction of expression levels of the critical enzymes for lipogenesis including SREBP-1c, FABP4, and FAS. Furthermore, DPHC remarkably reduced the adipocyte size, as well as decreased the expression levels of key adipogenic-specific proteins and lipogenic enzymes including PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP-1c, FABP4, and FAS, which regulate the lipid metabolism in the epididymal adipose tissue (EAT). Further studies demonstrated that DPHC significantly stimulated the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in both liver and EAT. These results demonstrated that DPHC effectively prevented HFD-induced obesity and suggested that DPHC could be used as a potential therapeutic agent for attenuating obesity and obesity-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea; (Y.D.); (S.I.); (O.H.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Korea;
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63333, Korea
| | - SeungTae Im
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea; (Y.D.); (S.I.); (O.H.)
| | - Ouibo Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea; (Y.D.); (S.I.); (O.H.)
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Department of Applied Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seochun 33662, Korea;
| | - Min-Cheol Kang
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Seung-Hong Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea; (Y.D.); (S.I.); (O.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Isoquercetin regulates SREBP-1C via AMPK pathway in skeletal muscle to exert antihyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects in STZ induced diabetic rats. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:593-602. [PMID: 31677037 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05166-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a cluster of metabolic diseases that exhibits high blood glucose levels accompanied by hyperlipidemia and inflammation. DM is the primary risk factor contributes majorly to cardiovascular disease (CVD) mediated morbidity and mortality. The incidence of dyslipidemia seems to attribute considerably to the initiation of CVDs. The beneficial action of isoquercetin on hyperlipidemia and related signaling pathways are not documented yet, hence we decide to carry out this study. The experimental rats were divided into five groups: Group 1, control rats; group 2, isoquercetin control (40 mg/kg b.w); group 3, diabetic rats (STZ-40 mg/kg b.w); group 4, diabetic + isoquercetin (40 mg/kg b.w); and group 5, diabetic + glibenclamide (600 µg/kg b.w). The animals were sacrificed at the end of the experimental duration of 45 days. Results of our analysis reveal that isoquercetin have a major impact on the tissue lipid profile, isoquercetin strongly regulates the expression of various lipid-metabolizing enzymes, C-reactive protein, expression of various inflammatory genes, SREBP-1C genes and proteins and AMP-activated protein kinase-α (AMPK) signaling pathway genes and proteins. Results recommend that isoquercetin can be effective in mitigating the consequences of hyperlipidemia and DM.
Collapse
|
95
|
Effects of (+)-catechin on the differentiation and lipid metabolism of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
|
96
|
Li X, Zeng F, Huang Y, Liu B. The Positive Effects of Grifola frondosa Heteropolysaccharide on NAFLD and Regulation of the Gut Microbiota. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215302. [PMID: 31653116 PMCID: PMC6861908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major public health problem in many countries. In this study, the ability of Grifola frondosa heteropolysaccharide (GFP) to ameliorate NAFLD was investigated in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The molecular mechanisms modulating the expression of specific gene members related to lipid synthesis and conversion, cholesterol metabolism, and inflammation pathways were determined. The components of the intestinal microflora in rats were analyzed by high-throughput next-generation 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Supplementation with GFP significantly increased the proportions of Allobaculum, Bacteroides, and Bifidobacterium and decreased the proportions of Acetatifactor, Alistipes, Flavonifractor, Paraprevotella, and Oscillibacter. In addition, Alistipes, Flavonifractor, and Oscillibacter were shown to be significant cecal microbiota according to the Spearman’s correlation test between the gut microbiota and biomedical assays (|r| > 0.7). Histological analysis and biomedical assays showed that GFP treatments could significantly protect against NAFLD. In addition, Alistipes, Flavonifractor, and Oscillibacter may play vital roles in the prevention of NAFLD. These results suggest that GFP could be used as a functional material to regulate the gut microbiota of NAFLD individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Feng Zeng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yifan Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Crosstalk between mitochondrial metabolism and oxidoreductive homeostasis: a new perspective for understanding the effects of bioactive dietary compounds. Nutr Res Rev 2019; 33:90-101. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954422419000210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMitochondria play an important role in a number of fundamental cellular processes, including energy production, biosynthetic pathways and cellular oxidoreductive homeostasis (redox status), and their dysfunction can lead to numerous pathophysiological consequences. As the biochemical mechanisms orchestrating mitochondrial metabolism and redox homeostasis are functionally linked, mitochondria have been identified as a potential therapeutic target. Consequently, considerable effort has been made to evaluate the efficacy of natural compounds that modulate mitochondrial function. Molecules produced by plants (for example, polyphenols and isothiocyanates) have been shown to modulate mitochondrial metabolism/biogenesis and redox status; however, despite the existence of a functional link, few studies have considered the combined efficacy of these mitochondrial functions. The present review provides a complete overview of the molecular pathways involved in modulating mitochondrial metabolism/biogenesis and redox status. Crosstalk between these critical mechanisms is also discussed, whilst major data from the literature regarding their antioxidant abilities are described and critically analysed. We also provide a summary of recent evidence regarding the ability of several plant-derived compounds to target these mitochondrial functions. An in-depth understanding of the functional link between mitochondrial metabolism/biogenesis and redox status could facilitate the analysis of the biological effects of natural compounds as well as the development of new therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
98
|
Fang K, Wu F, Chen G, Dong H, Li J, Zhao Y, Xu L, Zou X, Lu F. Diosgenin ameliorates palmitic acid-induced lipid accumulation via AMPK/ACC/CPT-1A and SREBP-1c/FAS signaling pathways in LO2 cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:255. [PMID: 31519174 PMCID: PMC6743105 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease and is characterized by excessive hepatic lipid accumulation. Many studies have suggested that lipid overload is the key initial factor that contributes to hepatic steatosis. Our previous study indicated that diosgenin (DSG) has a beneficial effect on energy metabolism, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. METHODS Human normal hepatocytes (LO2 cells) were incubated with palmitic acid to establish the cell model of nonalcoholic fatty liver. The effects of DSG on lipid metabolism, glucose uptake and mitochondrial function were evaluated. Furthermore, the mechanism of DSG on oxidative stress, lipid consumption and lipid synthesis in LO2 cells was investigated. RESULTS The results indicated that palmitic acid induced obvious lipid accumulation in LO2 cells and that DSG treatment significantly reduced the intracellular lipid content. DSG treatment upregulated expression of lipolysis proteins, including phospho-AMP activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), phospho-acetyl-coA carboxylase (p-ACC) and carnitine acyl transferase 1A (CPT-1A), and inhibited expression of lipid synthesis-related proteins, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Additionally, DSG-treated cells displayed a marked improvement in mitochondrial function, with less production of reactive oxygen species and a higher mitochondrial membrane potential compared with the model group. CONCLUSION This study suggests that DSG can reduce intracellular lipid accumulation in LO2 cells and that the underlying mechanism may be related to the improving oxidative stress, increasing fatty acid β-oxidation and decreasing lipid synthesis. The above changes might be mediated by the activation of the AMPK/ACC/CPT-1A pathway and inhibition of the SREBP-1c/FAS pathway.
Collapse
|
99
|
Dutta D, Kalra S, Sharma M. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-based classification of diabetes pharmacotherapy. J Postgrad Med 2019; 63:114-121. [PMID: 27652986 PMCID: PMC5414421 DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.191007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current classification of both diabetes and antidiabetes medication is complex, preventing a treating physician from choosing the most appropriate treatment for an individual patient, sometimes resulting in patient-drug mismatch. We propose a novel, simple systematic classification of drugs, based on their effect on adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is the master regular of energy metabolism, an energy sensor, activated when cellular energy levels are low, resulting in activation of catabolic process, and inactivation of anabolic process, having a beneficial effect on glycemia in diabetes. This listing of drugs makes it easier for students and practitioners to analyze drug profiles and match them with patient requirements. It also facilitates choice of rational combinations, with complementary modes of action. Drugs are classified as stimulators, inhibitors, mixed action, possible action, and no action on AMPK activity. Metformin and glitazones are pure stimulators of AMPK. Incretin-based therapies have a mixed action on AMPK. Sulfonylureas either inhibit AMPK or have no effect on AMPK. Glycemic efficacy of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor, colesevelam, and bromocriptine may also involve AMPK activation, which warrants further evaluation. Berberine, salicylates, and resveratrol are newer promising agents in the management of diabetes, having well-documented evidence of AMPK stimulation medicated glycemic efficacy. Hence, AMPK-based classification of antidiabetes medications provides a holistic unifying understanding of pharmacotherapy in diabetes. This classification is flexible with a scope for inclusion of promising agents of future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Dutta
- Department of Endocrinology, Post-graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - S Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital and BRIDE, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - M Sharma
- Department of Rheumatology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
M3 muscarinic receptor activation reduces hepatocyte lipid accumulation via CaMKKβ/AMPK pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 169:113613. [PMID: 31445019 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that hepatic muscarinic receptors modulate both acute and chronic liver injury, however, the role of muscarinic receptors in fatty liver disease is unclear. We observed in patients who underwent weight loss surgery, a decrease in hepatic expression of M3 muscarinic receptors (M3R). We also observed that fat loading of hepatocytes, increased M3R expression. Based on these observations, we tested the hypothesis that M3R regulate hepatocyte lipid accumulation. Incubation of AML12 hepatocytes with 1 mM oleic acid resulted in lipid accumulation that was significantly reduced by co-treatment with a muscarinic agonist (pilocarpine or carbachol), an effect blocked by atropine (a muscarinic antagonist). Similar treatment of Hepa 1-6 cells, a mouse hepatoblastoma cell line, showed comparable results. In both, control and fat-loaded AML12 cells, pilocarpine induced time-dependent AMPKα phosphorylation and significantly up-regulated lipolytic genes (ACOX1, CPT1, and PPARα). Compound C, a selective and reversible AMPK inhibitor, significantly blunted pilocarpine-mediated reduction of lipid accumulation and pilocarpine-mediated up-regulation of lipolytic genes. BAPTA-AM, a calcium chelator, and STO-609, a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase inhibitor, attenuated agonist-induced AMPKα phosphorylation. Finally, M3R siRNA attenuated agonist-induced AMPKα phosphorylation as well as agonist-mediated reduction of hepatocyte steatosis. In conclusion, this proof-of-concept study demonstrates that M3R has protective effects against hepatocyte lipid accumulation by activating AMPK pathway and is a potential therapeutic target for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Collapse
|