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Serum level of HDL particles are independently associated with long-term prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease: The GENES study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8138. [PMID: 32424189 PMCID: PMC7234989 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C) is not an accurate surrogate marker to measure the cardioprotective functions of HDL in coronary artery diseases (CAD) patients. Hence, measurement of other HDL-related parameters may have prognostic superiority over HDL-C. In this work, we examined the predictive value of HDL particles profile for long-term mortality in CAD patients and to compare its informative value to that of HDL-C and apoA-I. HDL particles profiles were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in 214 male participants with stable CAD (45-74 years). Median follow up was 12.5 years with a 36.4% mortality rate. Cardiovascular mortality accounted for 64.5%. Mean concentrations of total HDL particles (HDL-P), small-sized HDL (SHDL-P) and apoA-I were lower in deceased than in surviving patients whereas no difference was observed according to HDL-C and large HDL particles. All NMR-HDL measures were correlated between themselves and with other HDL markers (HDL-C, apoA-I and LpA-I). In a multivariate model adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors and bioclinical variables, HDL-P and SHDL-P displayed the strongest inverse association with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Weaker associations were recorded for apoA-I. Based on our results, we conclude that HDL particle profile measured by NMR spectroscopy should be considered to better stratify risk in population at high risk or in the setting of pharmacotherapy.
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Zamanian-Daryoush M, Lindner DJ, Buffa J, Gopalan B, Na J, Hazen SL, DiDonato JA. Apolipoprotein A-I anti-tumor activity targets cancer cell metabolism. Oncotarget 2020; 11:1777-1796. [PMID: 32477466 PMCID: PMC7233810 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the major protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), has potent anti-melanoma activity. We used DNA microarray and bioinformatics to interrogate gene expression profiles of tumors from apoA-I expressing (A-I Tg+/-) versus apoA-I-null (A-I KO) animals to gain insights into mechanisms of apoA-I tumor protection. Differential expression analyses of 11 distinct tumors per group with > 1.2-fold cut-off and a false discovery rate adjusted p < 0.05, identified 176 significant transcripts (71 upregulated and 105 downregulated in A-I Tg+/- versus A-I KO group). Bioinformatic analyses identified the mevalonate and de novo serine/glycine synthesis pathways as potential targets for apoA-I anti-tumor activity. Relative to A-I KO, day 7 B16F10L melanoma tumor homografts from A-I Tg+/- exhibited reduced expression of mevalonate-5-pyrophosphate decarboxylase (Mvd), a key enzyme targeted in cancer therapy, along with a number of key genes in the sterol synthesis arm of the mevalonate pathway. Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (Phgdh), the first enzyme branching off glycolysis into the de novo serine synthesis pathway, was the most repressed transcript in tumors from A-I Tg+/-. We validated our mouse tumor studies by comparing the significant transcripts with adverse tumor markers previously identified in human melanoma and found 45% concordance. Our findings suggest apoA-I targets the mevalonate and serine synthesis pathways in melanoma cells in vivo, thus providing anti-tumor metabolic effects by inhibiting the flux of biomolecular building blocks for macromolecule synthesis that drive rapid tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zamanian-Daryoush
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Daniel J. Lindner
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jennifer Buffa
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | | | - Jie Na
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Joseph A. DiDonato
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Raut S, Garud A, Nagarajan B, Sabnis N, Remaley A, Fudala R, Gryczynski I, Gryczynski Z, Dzyuba SV, Borejdo J, Lacko A. Probing the Assembly of HDL Mimetic, Drug Carrying Nanoparticles Using Intrinsic Fluorescence. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 373:113-121. [PMID: 31941718 PMCID: PMC7160862 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.262899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (HDL) containing apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I) mimics the structure and function of endogenous (human plasma) HDL due to its function and potential therapeutic utility in atherosclerosis, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory diseases. Recently, a new class of HDL mimetics has emerged, involving peptides with amino acid sequences that simulate the the primary structure of the amphipathic alpha helices within the Apo A-I protein. The findings reported in this communication were obtained using a similar amphiphilic peptide (modified via conjugation of a myristic acid residue at the amino terminal aspartic acid) that self-assembles (by itself) into nanoparticles while retaining the key features of endogenous HDL. The studies presented here involve the macromolecular assembly of the myristic acid conjugated peptide (MYR-5A) into nanomicellar structures and its characterization via steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The structural differences between the free peptide (5A) and MYR-5A conjugate were also probed, using tryptophan fluorescence, Fӧrster resonance energy transfer (FRET), dynamic light scattering, and gel exclusion chromatography. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a lipoprotein assembly generated from a single ingredient and without a separate lipid component. The therapeutic utility of these nanoparticles (due to their capablity to incorporate a wide range of drugs into their core region for targeted delivery) was also investigated by probing the role of the scavenger receptor type B1 in this process. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Although lipoproteins have been considered as effective drug delivery agents, none of these nanoformulations has entered clinical trials to date. A major challenge to advancing lipoprotein-based formulations to the clinic has been the availability of a cost-effective protein or peptide constituent, needed for the assembly of the drug/lipoprotein nanocomplexes. This report of a robust, spontaneously assembling drug transport system from a single component could provide the template for a superior, targeted drug delivery strategy for therapeutics of cancer and other diseases (Counsell and Pohland, 1982).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangram Raut
- Departments of Physiology and Anatomy (S.R., A.G., B.N., N.S., A.L.) and Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics (R.F., I.G., Z.G., J.B.), UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (A.R.); and Departments of Physics and Astronomy (Z.G.) and Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.V.D.), Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Ashwini Garud
- Departments of Physiology and Anatomy (S.R., A.G., B.N., N.S., A.L.) and Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics (R.F., I.G., Z.G., J.B.), UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (A.R.); and Departments of Physics and Astronomy (Z.G.) and Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.V.D.), Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Bhavani Nagarajan
- Departments of Physiology and Anatomy (S.R., A.G., B.N., N.S., A.L.) and Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics (R.F., I.G., Z.G., J.B.), UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (A.R.); and Departments of Physics and Astronomy (Z.G.) and Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.V.D.), Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Nirupama Sabnis
- Departments of Physiology and Anatomy (S.R., A.G., B.N., N.S., A.L.) and Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics (R.F., I.G., Z.G., J.B.), UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (A.R.); and Departments of Physics and Astronomy (Z.G.) and Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.V.D.), Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Alan Remaley
- Departments of Physiology and Anatomy (S.R., A.G., B.N., N.S., A.L.) and Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics (R.F., I.G., Z.G., J.B.), UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (A.R.); and Departments of Physics and Astronomy (Z.G.) and Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.V.D.), Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Rafal Fudala
- Departments of Physiology and Anatomy (S.R., A.G., B.N., N.S., A.L.) and Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics (R.F., I.G., Z.G., J.B.), UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (A.R.); and Departments of Physics and Astronomy (Z.G.) and Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.V.D.), Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Ignacy Gryczynski
- Departments of Physiology and Anatomy (S.R., A.G., B.N., N.S., A.L.) and Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics (R.F., I.G., Z.G., J.B.), UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (A.R.); and Departments of Physics and Astronomy (Z.G.) and Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.V.D.), Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Zygmunt Gryczynski
- Departments of Physiology and Anatomy (S.R., A.G., B.N., N.S., A.L.) and Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics (R.F., I.G., Z.G., J.B.), UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (A.R.); and Departments of Physics and Astronomy (Z.G.) and Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.V.D.), Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Sergei V Dzyuba
- Departments of Physiology and Anatomy (S.R., A.G., B.N., N.S., A.L.) and Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics (R.F., I.G., Z.G., J.B.), UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (A.R.); and Departments of Physics and Astronomy (Z.G.) and Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.V.D.), Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Julian Borejdo
- Departments of Physiology and Anatomy (S.R., A.G., B.N., N.S., A.L.) and Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics (R.F., I.G., Z.G., J.B.), UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (A.R.); and Departments of Physics and Astronomy (Z.G.) and Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.V.D.), Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Andras Lacko
- Departments of Physiology and Anatomy (S.R., A.G., B.N., N.S., A.L.) and Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics (R.F., I.G., Z.G., J.B.), UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (A.R.); and Departments of Physics and Astronomy (Z.G.) and Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.V.D.), Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas
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Hafiane A, Favari E, Daskalopoulou SS, Vuilleumier N, Frias MA. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol efflux capacity and cardiovascular risk in autoimmune and non-autoimmune diseases. Metabolism 2020; 104:154141. [PMID: 31923386 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Functional assessment of cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is an emerging tool for evaluating morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). By promoting macrophage reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), HDL-mediated CEC is believed to play an important role in atherosclerotic lesion progression in the vessel wall. Furthermore, recent evidence indicates that the typical inverse associations between various forms of CEC and CV events may be strongly modulated by environmental systemic factors and traditional CV risk factors, in addition to autoimmune diseases. These factors influence the complex and dynamic composition of HDL particles, which in turn positively or negatively affect HDL-CEC. Herein, we review recent findings connecting HDL-CEC to traditional CV risk factors and cardiometabolic conditions (non-autoimmune diseases) as well as autoimmune diseases, with a specific focus on how these factors may influence the associations between HDL-CEC and CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Hafiane
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Bloc E01. 3370H, Montréal, Qc H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Elda Favari
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Stella S Daskalopoulou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, McGill University, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, EM1.2230, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Nicolas Vuilleumier
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Miguel A Frias
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Abstract
The last few decades have witnessed a global rise in the number of older individuals. Despite this demographic shift, morbidity within this population group is high. Many factors influence healthspan; however, an obesity pandemic is emerging as a significant determinant of older people's health. It is well established that obesity adversely affects several metabolic systems. However, due to its close association with overall cardiometabolic health, the impact that obesity has on cholesterol metabolism needs to be recognised. The aim of the present review is to critically discuss the effects that obesity has on cholesterol metabolism and to reveal its significance for healthy ageing.
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56
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Abstract
Cholesterol metabolism and transport has been a major focus in cardiovascular disease risk modification over the past several decades. Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) have been the most commonly used agents, with the greatest benefit in reducing both the primary and secondary risks of cardiovascular disease. However, heart disease remains the leading cause of death in both men and women in the United States. Further investigation and intervention are required to further reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular-related deaths. This review will focus on high-density lipoprotein metabolism and transport, looking particularly at cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors. While studies of the other CETP inhibitors in its class have not shown a significant improvement in the prevention of primary or secondary cardiovascular risk, anacetrapib, the fourth and latest of the CETP inhibitors to be investigated, may be more promising.
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57
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Schalkwijk CG, Stehouwer CDA. Methylglyoxal, a Highly Reactive Dicarbonyl Compound, in Diabetes, Its Vascular Complications, and Other Age-Related Diseases. Physiol Rev 2020; 100:407-461. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00001.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation and accumulation of methylglyoxal (MGO), a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, vascular complications of diabetes, and several other age-related chronic inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and disorders of the central nervous system. MGO is mainly formed as a byproduct of glycolysis and, under physiological circumstances, detoxified by the glyoxalase system. MGO is the major precursor of nonenzymatic glycation of proteins and DNA, subsequently leading to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). MGO and MGO-derived AGEs can impact on organs and tissues affecting their functions and structure. In this review we summarize the formation of MGO, the detoxification of MGO by the glyoxalase system, and the biochemical pathways through which MGO is linked to the development of diabetes, vascular complications of diabetes, and other age-related diseases. Although interventions to treat MGO-associated complications are not yet available in the clinical setting, several strategies to lower MGO have been developed over the years. We will summarize several new directions to target MGO stress including glyoxalase inducers and MGO scavengers. Targeting MGO burden may provide new therapeutic applications to mitigate diseases in which MGO plays a crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. G. Schalkwijk
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C. D. A. Stehouwer
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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58
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LCAT, ApoD, and ApoA1 Expression and Review of Cholesterol Deposition in the Cornea. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120785. [PMID: 31779197 PMCID: PMC6995527 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) is an enzyme secreted by the liver and circulates with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the blood. The enzyme esterifies plasma cholesterol and increases the capacity of HDL to carry and potentially remove cholesterol from tissues. Cholesterol accumulates within the extracellular connective tissue matrix of the cornea stroma in individuals with genetic deficiency of LCAT. LCAT can be activated by apolipoproteins (Apo) including ApoD and ApoA1. ApoA1 also mediates cellular synthesis of HDL. This study examined the expression of LCAT by epithelial cells, keratocytes, and endothelial cells, the cell types that comprise from anterior to posterior the three layers of the cornea. LCAT and ApoD were immunolocalized to all three cell types within the cornea, while ApoA1 was immunolocalized to keratocytes and endothelium but not epithelium. In situ hybridization was used to detect LCAT, ApoD, and ApoA1 mRNA to learn what cell types within the cornea synthesize these proteins. No corneal cells showed mRNA for ApoA1. Keratocytes and endothelium both showed ApoD mRNA, but epithelium did not. Epithelium and endothelium both showed LCAT mRNA, but despite the presence of LCAT protein in keratocytes, keratocytes did not show LCAT mRNA. RNA sequencing analysis of serum-cultured dedifferentiated keratocytes (commonly referred to as corneal stromal fibroblasts) revealed the presence of both LCAT and ApoD (but not ApoA1) mRNA, which was accompanied by their respective proteins detected by immunolabeling of the cultured keratocytes and Western blot analysis of keratocyte lysates. The results indicate that keratocytes in vivo show both ApoA1 and LCAT proteins, but do not synthesize these proteins. Rather, keratocytes in vivo must take up ApoA1 and LCAT from the corneal interstitial tissue fluid.
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Speer H, D'Cunha NM, Botek M, McKune AJ, Sergi D, Georgousopoulou E, Mellor DD, Naumovski N. The Effects of Dietary Polyphenols on Circulating Cardiovascular Disease Biomarkers and Iron Status: A Systematic Review. Nutr Metab Insights 2019; 12:1178638819882739. [PMID: 31673228 PMCID: PMC6804354 DOI: 10.1177/1178638819882739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is rising worldwide, remaining the major cause of death in developed countries. Polyphenols have been shown to have cardioprotective properties; however, their impact on iron bioavailability and potential impact on other aspects of health is unclear. A systematic review was undertaken to evaluate the current status of the relationship between habitual polyphenol consumption, iron status, and circulating biomarkers of CVD. Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2009 guidelines, searches were performed across 5 electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL) to identify randomized controlled trials which investigated the effects of polyphenol consumption on inflammatory markers, serum lipid profile, and iron absorption and bioavailability. In total, 1174 records were identified, with only 7 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The selected studies involved 133 participants and used a variety of foods and supplements, including olive oil and cherries, rich in polyphenols including hydroxytyrosol, quercetin, and resveratrol, as well as catechin enriched drinks. The duration of the studies ranged from between 56 and 145 days, with total polyphenolic content of the food items and supplements ranging from 45 to 1015 mg (per 100 g). Polyphenols did not appear to interfere with iron status, and most studies reported improvements in inflammatory markers and lipid profile. While these results are promising, the limited number of studies and considerable heterogeneity across the interventions support the need for more extensive trials assessing the relationship between polyphenol intake, iron bioavailability, and CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollie Speer
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Nathan M D'Cunha
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Michal Botek
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew J McKune
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Domenico Sergi
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Nutrition & Health Substantiation Group, Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ekavi Georgousopoulou
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Australian National University Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Duane D Mellor
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
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Norring-Agerskov D, Madsen CM, Bathum L, Pedersen OB, Lauritzen JB, Jørgensen NR, Jørgensen HL. History of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular biomarkers are associated with 30-day mortality in patients with hip fracture. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:1767-1778. [PMID: 31278472 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-05056-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hip fractures are associated with increased mortality and it is important to identify risk factors. This study demonstrates that preexisting cardiovascular disease as well as cardiovascular biomarkers that are associated with increased 30-day mortality. These findings can be used to identify high-risk patients who might benefit from specialized care. INTRODUCTION This study investigates the association between cardiovascular disease (CVD), cardiovascular biomarkers, and 30-day mortality following a hip fracture. METHODS The Danish National Patient Registry was used to investigate the association between CVD and mortality following hip fracture in a nationwide population-based cohort study. In a subset of the included patients (n = 355), blood samples were available from a local biobank. These samples were used for analyzing the association between specific biochemical markers and mortality. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. RESULTS A total of 113,211 patients were included in the population-based cohort study. Among these, heart failure was present in 9.4%, ischemic heart disease in 15.9%, and ischemic stroke in 12.0%. Within 30 days after the hip fracture, 11,488 patients died, resulting in an overall 30-day mortality of 10.1%. The 30-day mortality was significantly increased in individuals with preexisting CVD with multivariably adjusted odds ratios of 1.69 (95% confidence interval, 1.60-1.78) for heart failure, 1.23 (1.17-1.29) for ischemic heart disease, and 1.06 (1.00-1.12) for ischemic stroke. In the local database including 355 patients, 41 (11.5%) died within 30 days. The multivariably adjusted odds ratio for 30-day mortality increased with increasing NT-proBNP (2.36 [1.53-3.64] per quartile) and decreased with increasing HDL cholesterol (0.58 [0.41-0.82] per quartile). On this basis, we established a model for predicting the probability of death based on the biochemical markers. CONCLUSION Preexisting CVD was associated with increased 30-day mortality after a hip fracture. Furthermore, high levels of NT-proBNP and low levels of HDL cholesterol were associated with increased 30-day mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Norring-Agerskov
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegård Alle 30, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark.
- Open Patient Data Explorative Network, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9A, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - C M Madsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev og Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - L Bathum
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegård Alle 30, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - O B Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Næstved Sygehus, Ringstedgade 61, 4700, Næstved, Denmark
| | - J B Lauritzen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - N R Jørgensen
- Open Patient Data Explorative Network, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9A, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Valdemar Hansens Vej 13, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - H L Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegård Alle 30, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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61
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HDL Triglycerides: A New Marker of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133151. [PMID: 31252694 PMCID: PMC6651243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
While cholesterol content in high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) is a well-established inverse marker of cardiovascular risk, the importance of HDL–triglyceride (HDL-TG) concentration is not well known. We aim to examine plasma HDL-TG concentrations, assessed by 1H-NMR, in patients with metabolic diseases and their association with classical biomarkers. In this cross-sectional study, we included 502 patients with type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome attending the lipid unit of our University Hospital. The presence of arteriosclerotic plaques was assessed by ultrasonography. A complete lipoprotein profile was performed by 1H-NMR (Liposcale test). HDL-TG was strongly positively correlated with total triglycerides, glycerol, and fatty liver index, while a strong negative correlation was observed with HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and HDL-particle number (HDL-P). HDL-TG was associated with all triglyceride-rich lipoprotein parameters and had an opposite association with HDL-C and HDL-P. It was also significantly correlated with circulating cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP). HDL-TG concentrations were higher as metabolic syndrome components increased. HDL-TG was also higher with worsening glucose metabolism. Patients with carotid plaques also showed higher HDL-TG. In contrast to HDL-C, HDL-TG is directly associated with metabolism and arteriosclerotic vascular alterations. HDL-TG should be considered a biomarker of metabolic and cardiovascular risk and could be a marker of HDL dysfunction.
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Atorvastatin and Fenofibrate Increase the Content of Unsaturated Acyl Chains in HDL and Modify In Vivo Kinetics of HDL-Cholesteryl Esters in New Zealand White Rabbits. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102521. [PMID: 31121898 PMCID: PMC6566639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated modifications of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) structure and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I catabolism induced by the atorvastatin and fenofibrate combination. However, it remains unknown whether such structural and metabolic changes of HDL were related to an improvement of the HDL-cholesteryl esters (HDL-CE) metabolism. Therefore, we determined the structure of HDL and performed kinetic studies of HDL-CE radiolabeled with tritium in rabbits treated with atorvastatin, fenofibrate, and a combination of both drugs. The atorvastatin and fenofibrate combination increased the HDL size and the cholesterol and phospholipid plasma concentrations of the largest HDL subclasses. Moreover, the relative amount of unsaturated fatty acids contained in HDL increased, in detriment of saturated fatty acids as determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The transfers of cholesteryl esters (CE) from HDL to very low-density lipoproteins/low-density lipoproteins (VLDL/LDL) and vice versa were enhanced with atorvastatin, alone or in combination. Moreover, the direct elimination of CE from plasma via VLDL/LDL decreased with fenofibrate, whereas the direct elimination of CE via HDL augmented with the combination treatment. Taken together, the rise of unsaturated fatty acid content and the size increase of HDL, suggest that atorvastatin and fenofibrate induce more fluid HDL particles, which in turn favor an enhanced CE exchange between HDL and VLDL/LDL. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between the structure and function of HDL during the use of anti-dyslipidemic drugs.
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Genetic and Non-Genetic Factor-Adjusted Association between Coffee Drinking and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Taiwanese Adults: Stratification by Sex. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051102. [PMID: 31108953 PMCID: PMC6566419 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the leading cause of global mortality. We aimed to determine the effect of coffee drinking and sex and their interaction, as well as rs1800588 and rs1800775 polymorphisms on HDL-C levels in Taiwanese adults. Data of 4262 men and 4813 women, aged 30–70 years, were retrieved from Taiwan Biobank. The interaction between sex and coffee drinking on HDL-C was significant (p = 0.0452). Coffee consumption was significantly associated with higher HDL-C levels in only women (β = 0.81679; p = 0.0246). However, rs1800588 and rs1800775 variants were significantly associated with HDL-C in both sexes. In women, β-values were 0.99080; p = 0.0059 and 3.16277; p < 0.0001 for rs1800588 CT and TT genotypes, respectively and −1.80954; p < 0.0001 and −2.81512; p < 0.0001 for rs1800775 AC and CC genotypes, respectively. In men, β-values were 1.32430; p < 0.0001 and 3.24976; p < 0.0001 for rs1800775 CT and TT genotypes, respectively and −1.96232; p < 0.0001 and −2.71536, p < 0.0001 for the AC and CC genotypes, respectively. In conclusion, coffee drinking was significantly associated with higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in women but not men after adjusting for confounders including rs1800588 (LIPC) and rs1800775 (CETP) variants.
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White CR, Datta G, Wilson L, Palgunachari MN, Anantharamaiah GM. The apoA-I mimetic peptide 4F protects apolipoprotein A-I from oxidative damage. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 219:28-35. [PMID: 30707910 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High density lipoprotein (HDL) is prone to modification by the oxidizing and chlorinating agent hypochlorite anion (OCl-). Oxidation of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, the major protein in HDL, reduces ABCA-1 mediated cholesterol efflux and other protective responses to HDL. The apoA-I mimetic peptide 4F has been shown to undergo oxidation; however, the ability of the peptide to mediate cholesterol efflux remains intact. Here, we show that 4F protects apoA-I from hypochlorite-mediated oxidation. Mass spectral analysis of apoA-I shows that tyrosine residues that are prone to hypochlorite-mediated chlorination are protected in the presence of 4F. Furthermore, 4F enhances the cholesterol efflux ability of apoA-I to a greater extent than either 4F or apoA-I alone, even after hypochlorite oxidation. These observations suggest that apoA-I in lipid complexes may be protected by the presence of 4F, resulting in the preservation of its anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties. These studies also form the basis for the future studies of nanoparticles possessing both apoA-I and 4F.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Roger White
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, United States
| | - Geeta Datta
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, United States
| | - Landon Wilson
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, United States
| | - Mayakonda N Palgunachari
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, United States
| | - G M Anantharamaiah
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, United States.
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Chaudhary R, Kinderytė M, Chaudhary R, Sukhi A, Bliden K, Tantry U, Gurbel P. HDL 3-C is a Marker of Coronary Artery Disease Severity and Inflammation in Patients on Statin Therapy. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2018; 20:1001-1006. [PMID: 30626544 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and inflammation are risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, limited data are available determining the role of HDL-C sub-particles HDL2-C and HDL3-C for assessing CAD severity in patients on statin therapy. METHODS Blood samples were obtained prior to cardiac catheterization in 304 consecutive patients with suspected CAD on statin therapy in this sub-analysis of Multi-Analyte, thrombogenic, and Genetic Markers of Atherosclerosis (MAGMA, NCT01276678) study. Detailed lipid profiling and oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) were analyzed. CAD severity was angiographically defined as severe CAD (>75% luminal diameter stenosis [LDS]) and non-severe CAD (≤75% LDS). Multi-regression analysis was performed to test for statistical significance. Receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis was performed to determine cut-point for predicting severe CAD. RESULTS Patients with severe CAD had a significantly lower total-HDL-C, lower HDL3-C and higher lipoprotein(a) levels. HDL3-C and lipoprotein(a) cholesterol [Lp(a)-C] retained statistical significance on multiple regression analysis. ROC analysis showed HDL3-C to have a C-statistic of 0.60 (p = 0.003) and Lp(a)-C to have a C-statistic of 0.61 (p = 0.0007). Patients with HDL3-C ≤ 33 mg/dL and Lp(a)-C > 7 mg/dL were found to have significantly elevated ox-LDL levels. CONCLUSION In patients on statin therapy, HDL3-C and Lp(a)-C improve prediction of severe CAD compared to a traditional lipid panel. In addition, patients with HDL3-C ≤ 33 mg/dL and Lp(a)-C > 7 mg/dL have greater inflammation marked by ox-LDL. Further studies are needed to evaluate the utility of these novel biomarkers in predicting CAD severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marija Kinderytė
- Inova Center for Thrombosis Research and Drug Development, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church FVA, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin Bliden
- Inova Center for Thrombosis Research and Drug Development, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church FVA, USA
| | - Udaya Tantry
- Platelet and Thrombosis Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul Gurbel
- Inova Center for Thrombosis Research and Drug Development, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church FVA, USA.
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Del Giudice R, Lagerstedt JO. High-efficient bacterial production of human ApoA-I amyloidogenic variants. Protein Sci 2018; 27:2101-2109. [PMID: 30291643 PMCID: PMC6237697 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I)-related amyloidosis is a rare disease caused by missense mutations in the APOA1 gene. These mutations lead to protein aggregation and abnormal accumulation of ApoA-I amyloid fibrils in heart, liver, kidneys, skin, nerves, ovaries, or testes. Consequently, the carriers are at risk of single- or multi-organ failure and of need of organ transplantation. Understanding the basic molecular structure and function of ApoA-I amyloidogenic variants, as well as their biological effects, is, therefore, of great interest. However, the intrinsic low stability of this type of proteins makes their overexpression and purification difficult. To overcome this barrier, we here describe an optimized production and purification procedure for human ApoA-I amyloidogenic proteins that efficiently provides between 46 mg and 91 mg (depending on the protein variant) of pure protein per liter of Escherichia coli culture. Structural integrity of the amyloidogenic and native ApoA-I proteins were verified by circular dichroism spectroscopy and intrinsic fluorescence analysis, and preserved functionality was demonstrated by use of a lipid clearance assay as well as by reconstitution of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. In conclusion, the use of the described high-yield protein production system to obtain amyloidogenic ApoA-I proteins, and their native counterpart, will enable molecular and cellular experimental studies aimed to explain the molecular basis for this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Del Giudice
- Department of Experimental Medical ScienceLund UniversityS‐221 84LundSweden
| | - Jens O. Lagerstedt
- Department of Experimental Medical ScienceLund UniversityS‐221 84LundSweden
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Li CX, Chen LL, Li XC, Ng KTP, Yang XX, Lo CM, Guan XY, Man K. ApoA-1 accelerates regeneration of small-for-size fatty liver graft after transplantation. Life Sci 2018; 215:128-135. [PMID: 30473024 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1) is involved in regulating both lipid and energy metabolism, which may play important roles in liver regeneration, especially for the liver with steatosis. We here intended to investigate the role of ApoA-1 in regeneration of small-for-size fatty liver graft and to explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS The association of ApoA-1 expression with liver regeneration was studied in rat liver transplantation models using small-for-size normal graft or small-for-size fatty graft. The direct role of ApoA-1 in liver regeneration was studied in mouse hepatectomy model in vivo and hepatocytes in vitro. RESULTS Compared to small-for-size normal graft, decreased expression of ApoA-1 associated with delayed regeneration were detected in small-for-size fatty liver graft after transplantation. In functional study, the expression of ApoA-1 was decreased in hepatocytes with steatosis and was inversely associated with the concentration of oleic acid. The ApoA-1 administration effectively attenuated hepatocytes steatosis and accelerated hepatocytes proliferation. In mouse model, ApoA-1 treatment promoted liver regeneration at day 2 after major hepatectomy. In addition, the treatment of ApoA-1 increased the expressions of PGC-1α and its target genes Tfam, Ucp2 and SDHB. CONCLUSIONS ApoA-1 may accelerate regeneration of small-for-size fatty liver graft at day 2 after transplantation through regulating mitochondrial function. ApoA-1 may be the potential new therapy of promoting liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xian Li
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Lei Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang Cheng Li
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kevin Tak-Pan Ng
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Xiang Yang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chung Mau Lo
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwan Man
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Gebhard C, Rhainds D, He G, Rodés-Cabau J, Lavi S, Spence JD, Title L, Kouz S, L'Allier PL, Grégoire J, Ibrahim R, Cossette M, Guertin MC, Beanlands R, Rhéaume E, Tardif JC. Elevated level of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) is associated with reduced coronary atheroma burden. Atherosclerosis 2018; 276:131-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Anastasius M, Luquain-Costaz C, Kockx M, Jessup W, Kritharides L. A critical appraisal of the measurement of serum 'cholesterol efflux capacity' and its use as surrogate marker of risk of cardiovascular disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:1257-1273. [PMID: 30305243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The 'cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC)' assay is a simple in vitro measure of the capacities of individual sera to promote the first step of the reverse cholesterol transport pathway, the delivery of cellular cholesterol to plasma HDL. This review describes the cell biology of this model and critically assesses its application as a marker of cardiovascular risk. We describe the pathways for cell cholesterol export, current cell models used in the CEC assay with their limitations and consider the contribution that measurement of serum CEC provides to our understanding of HDL function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm Anastasius
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Maaike Kockx
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wendy Jessup
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Leonard Kritharides
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Cardiology Department, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Pedret A, Fernández-Castillejo S, Valls RM, Catalán Ú, Rubió L, Romeu M, Macià A, López de Las Hazas MC, Farràs M, Giralt M, Mosele JI, Martín-Peláez S, Remaley AT, Covas MI, Fitó M, Motilva MJ, Solà R. Cardiovascular Benefits of Phenol-Enriched Virgin Olive Oils: New Insights from the Virgin Olive Oil and HDL Functionality (VOHF) Study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800456. [PMID: 29956886 PMCID: PMC8456742 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The main findings of the "Virgin Olive Oil and HDL Functionality" (VOHF) study and other related studies on the effect of phenol-enriched virgin olive oil (VOO) supplementation on cardiovascular disease are integrated in the present work. METHODS AND RESULTS VOHF assessed whether VOOs, enriched with their own phenolic compounds (FVOO) or with those from thyme (FVOOT), improve quantity and functionality of HDL. In this randomized, double-blind, crossover, and controlled trial, 33 hypercholesterolemic subjects received a control VOO (80 mg kg-1 ), FVOO (500 mg kg-1 ), and FVOOT (500 mg kg-1 ; 1:1) for 3 weeks. Both functional VOOs promoted cardioprotective changes, modulating HDL proteome, increasing fat-soluble antioxidants, improving HDL subclasses distribution, reducing the lipoprotein insulin resistance index, increasing endogenous antioxidant enzymes, protecting DNA from oxidation, ameliorating endothelial function, and increasing fecal microbial metabolic activity. Additional cardioprotective benefits were observed according to phenol source and content in the phenol-enriched VOOs. These insights support the beneficial effects of OO and PC from different sources. CONCLUSION Novel therapeutic strategies should increase HDL-cholesterol levels and enhance HDL functionality. The tailoring of phenol-enriched VOOs is an interesting and useful strategy for enhancing the functional quality of HDL, and thus, it can be used as a complementary tool for the management of hypercholesterolemic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pedret
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and CVD Research Group (NFOC-Salut), 43204, Reus, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Sara Fernández-Castillejo
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa-Maria Valls
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Úrsula Catalán
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Laura Rubió
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Antioxidants Research Group, Food Technology Department, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Marta Romeu
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Alba Macià
- Antioxidants Research Group, Food Technology Department, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen López de Las Hazas
- Antioxidants Research Group, Food Technology Department, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados-Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Farràs
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Giralt
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Juana I Mosele
- Antioxidants Research Group, Food Technology Department, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1053, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra Martín-Peláez
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre (CIBER), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, 20814, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section Cardio-Pulmonary Branch National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, 20814, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria-Isabel Covas
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre (CIBER), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment), Handesbolag (NUPROAS HB), 13100, Nacka, Sweden
| | - Montse Fitó
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre (CIBER), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-José Motilva
- Antioxidants Research Group, Food Technology Department, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, 43204, Reus, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, 43204, Reus, Spain
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Consumption of Cuban Policosanol Improves Blood Pressure and Lipid Profile via Enhancement of HDL Functionality in Healthy Women Subjects: Randomized, Double-Blinded, and Placebo-Controlled Study. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4809525. [PMID: 29854085 PMCID: PMC5944267 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4809525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Policosanol has been reported to improve blood pressure, lipid profile, and HDL functionality via inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) both in vitro and in vivo in zebrafish and human models. However, there are limited reports and randomized, double-blinded trials on policosanol that could advocate the blood pressure-lowering effect in prehypertensive participants. Therefore, we performed in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo experiments to provide more substantial and concrete data on the blood pressure-lowering effect of policosanol. Consumption of policosanol for 8 weeks enhanced plasma antioxidant activity. In the policosanol group, plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels were reduced up to 20% and 14%, respectively, and HDL-C level was elevated up to 1.3-fold compared to that at week 0. TG/HDL-C and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activities were reduced up to 36% and 20%, respectively. Uptake of oxidized LDL in macrophages was reduced as oxidized species levels were reduced, and HDL2-associated paraoxonase activities were enhanced by 60% compared to those at week 0. Encapsulation of policosanol into reconstituted HDL (PCO-rHDL) enhanced cholesterol efflux activity and insulin secretion capacity. In conclusion, consumption of policosanol for 8 weeks in healthy female subjects resulted in lowered blood pressure and CETP activity via elevation of HDL/apoA-I contents and enhancement of HDL functionalities, including cholesterol efflux and insulin secretion. These functional enhancements of HDL can contribute to the prevention of aging-related diseases, hypertension, and stroke.
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Qiu L, Yin RX, Khounphinith E, Zhang FH, Yang DZ, Pan SL. Association of the APOA1 rs964184 SNP and serum lipid traits in the Chinese Maonan and Han populations. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:105. [PMID: 29747660 PMCID: PMC5944063 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0759-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maonan nationality belongs to a mountain ethnic minority in China. Little is known about the association of apolipoprotein A1 gene (APOA1) rs964184 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and serum lipid levels in this population. The aim of this study was to detect the association of the APOA1 rs964184 SNP and several environmental factors with serum lipid profiles in the Chinese Maonan and Han populations. METHODS Genotypes of the APOA1 rs964184 SNP in 867 individuals of Maonan nationality and 820 participants of Han nationality were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism, combined with gel electrophoresis, and confirmed by direct sequencing. RESULTS The frequencies of CC, CG and GG genotypes of the APOA1 rs964184 SNP were 68.86, 29.18 and 1.96% in the Maonan population, and 63.78, 30.85 and 5.37% in the Han population (P < 0.001). The frequency of the G allele was 16.55% in Maonan and 20.79% in Han (P < 0.001). The G allele carriers had lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in Maonan and higher triglyceride (TG) levels in Han peoples than the G allele non-carriers. Subgroup analyses showed that the G allele carriers had lower HDL-C levels in both Maonan males and females; and lower apolipoprotein (Apo) A1 levels and the ApoA1/ApoB ratio in Han males than the G allele non-carriers. Serum lipid parameters in the two ethnic groups were also associated with several environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS The present study reveals that there may be a racial/ethnic- and/or gender-specific association between the APOA1 rs964184 SNP and serum lipid parameters in our study populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xing Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Eksavang Khounphinith
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen-Han Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Zhai Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang-Ling Pan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Premedical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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73
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Relationship between lipoprotein subfraction cholesterol and residual risk for cardiovascular outcomes: A post hoc analysis of the AIM-HIGH trial. J Clin Lipidol 2018; 12:741-747.e11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2018.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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74
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Barter PJ, Rye KA. Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibitors as Agents to Reduce Coronary Heart Disease Risk. Cardiol Clin 2018; 36:299-310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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75
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Ma MZ, Yuan SQ, Chen YM, Zhou ZW. Preoperative apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio: a novel prognostic factor for gastric cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:2169-2176. [PMID: 29713185 PMCID: PMC5907890 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s156690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The correlations between lipid profile (lipid molecules and their derivative indexes) and clinical outcome have been widely testified in many carcinomas, but its prognostic value remains unknown in gastric cancer (GC). Our purpose in the study was to comprehensively evaluate the clinical significance of lipid profile in GC. Methods We retrospectively collected clinical information of 1,201 GC patients who received surgery at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from 2005 to 2010. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression model were performed to determine its prognostic significance. Results Lipid profile including cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, and ApoB/ApoA1 ratio were analyzed. For the first time, we found ApoB/ApoA1 ratio showed the biggest prognostic potency among all lipid-related variables and could act as an independent prognostic factor in GC. Patients with a high ApoB/ApoA1 ratio (≥1) had a shorter overall survival (hazard ratio: 1.373, 95% confidence interval: 1.123–1.68; P=0.002). Conclusion Preoperative serum ApoB/ApoA1 ratio might be used as a novel prognostic indicator of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastric Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Qiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastric Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastric Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastric Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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76
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Lower vitamin D intake is associated with low HDL cholesterol and vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency in Brazilian children. Public Health Nutr 2018; 21:2004-2012. [PMID: 29478422 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018000204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of vitamin D intake with dyslipidaemia and vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency in Brazilian children and identify the main food group sources of this nutrient in the sample. DESIGN A cross-sectional study carried out with a representative sample. Blood was collected after 12 h of fasting. Laboratory tests were performed to determine total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol, TAG, apoB, apoA1, 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone. Dietary intake was evaluated by a 24 h recall. SETTING Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. SUBJECTS Children between 8 and 9 years old enrolled in urban schools (n 378). RESULTS We found an elevated prevalence of inadequate vitamin D intake (91·3 %), dyslipidaemia (72·8 %) and vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency (56·2 %). The food groups that contributed the most to vitamin D intake were dairy products and fish. Lower vitamin D intake was associated with increased prevalence of both low HDL-C (prevalence ratio=2·51; 95 % CI 1·02, 6·18; P<0·05) and vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency (prevalence ratio=1·61; 95 % CI 1·01, 2·58; P<0·05). CONCLUSIONS Given the elevated prevalence of inadequate vitamin D intake and its association with low HDL-C and vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency, it is important to develop specific actions in food and nutritional education as well as programmes that stimulate and facilitate access to vitamin D food sources, such as dairy products and fish.
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Park KH, Yadav D, Kim SJ, Kim JR, Cho KH. Slim Body Weight Is Highly Associated With Enhanced Lipoprotein Functionality, Higher HDL-C, and Large HDL Particle Size in Young Women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:406. [PMID: 30072955 PMCID: PMC6060307 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been no information about the correlations between body weight distribution and lipoprotein metabolism in terms of high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). In this study, we analyzed the quantity and quality of HDL correlations in young women (21.5 ± 1.2-years-old) with a slim (n = 21, 46.2 ± 3.8 kg) or plump (n = 30, 54.6 ± 4.4 kg) body weight. Body weight was inversely correlated with the percentage of HDL-C in total cholesterol (TC). The plump group showed 40% higher body fat (26 ± 3 %) and 86% more visceral fat mass (VFM, 1.3 ± 0.3 kg) than the slim group, which showed 18 ± 2% body fat and 0.7 ± 0.2 kg of VFM. Additionally, the plump group showed 20% higher TC, 58% higher triglyceride (TG), and 12% lower HDL-C levels in serum. The slim group showed 34% higher apoA-I but 15% lower CETP content in serum compared to the plump group. The slim group showed a 13% increase in particle size and 1.9-fold increase in particle number with enhanced cholesterol efflux activity. Although the plump group was within a normal body mass index (BMI) range, its lipid profile and lipoprotein properties were distinctly different from those of the slim group in terms of CETP mass and activity, HDL functionality, and HDL particle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hoon Park
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- Research Institute of Protein Sensor, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- LipoLab, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- Research Institute of Protein Sensor, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- LipoLab, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Suk-Jeong Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- Research Institute of Protein Sensor, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- LipoLab, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hyun Cho
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- Research Institute of Protein Sensor, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- LipoLab, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Kyung-Hyun Cho
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78
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Apolipoprotein A-I attenuates LL-37-induced endothelial cell cytotoxicity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:71-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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79
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Wirunsawanya K, Upala S, Jaruvongvanich V, Sanguankeo A. Whey Protein Supplementation Improves Body Composition and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Coll Nutr 2017; 37:60-70. [PMID: 29087242 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1344591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous literature shows possible benefits of whey protein supplementation in promoting weight loss. However, most studies do not have enough power to show beneficial effects on body composition and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. This meta-analysis evaluated effects of whey protein in individuals who are overweight and obese. METHODS We comprehensively searched the databases of MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases. The inclusion criteria were published randomized control trials (RCTs) comparing whey protein supplementation to placebo or controls in individuals who are overweight or obese. The primary outcome was the differences in the change in body composition (body weight, waist circumference, total fat mass, body lean mass). We also examined the changes in CVD risk factors as secondary outcomes. We calculated pooled mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random effects model. RESULTS Nine RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. There was a significant reduction of body weight (MD = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.30-0.81), lean mass (MD = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.59-0.96), and fat mass (MD = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.77-1.47) favoring the whey protein group. There were improvements in multiple CVD risk factors including levels of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, glucose, high-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol (all p values <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Whey protein supplementation seems to improve body weight, total fat mass, and some CVD risk factors in overweight and obese patients. Further studies regarding optimal dosage and duration of whey protein supplementation would be helpful to assess potential favorable effects in individuals who are overweight or obese.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sikarin Upala
- b Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois , USA.,c Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | | | - Anawin Sanguankeo
- c Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand.,d Division of Nephrology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
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80
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Pal S, Sarkar K, Nath PP, Mondal M, Khatun A, Paul G. Bisphenol S impairs blood functions and induces cardiovascular risks in rats. Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:560-565. [PMID: 29152460 PMCID: PMC5671619 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol S alters blood homeostasis. Bisphenol S is probably a cardiac risk augmenting chemical. Bisphenol S is a haemolysis promoting chemical.
Bisphenol S (BPS) is an industrial chemical which is recently used to replace the potentially toxic Bisphenol A (BPA) in making polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins and thermal receipt papers. The probable toxic effects of BPS on the functions of haemopoietic and cardiovascular systems have not been reported till to date. We report here that BPS depresses haematological functions and induces cardiovascular risks in rat. Adult male albino rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were given BPS at a dose level of 30, 60 and 120 mg/kg BW/day respectively for 30 days. Red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, Hb concentration, and clotting time have been shown to be significantly (*P < 0.05) reduced in a dose dependent manner in all exposed groups of rats comparing to the control. It has also been shown that BPS increases total serum glucose and protein concentration in the exposed groups of rats. We have observed that BPS increases serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, glycerol free triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentration, whereas high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration has been found to be reduced in the exposed groups. BPS significantly increases serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities dose dependently. Moreover, serum calcium, bilirubin and urea concentration have been observed to be increased in all exposed groups. In conclusion, BPS probably impairs the functions of blood and promotes cardiovascular risks in rats.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- BPA, bisphenol A
- BPS, bisphenol S
- Bisphenol S
- Cardiovascular risks
- Clotting time
- DMSO, dimethyl sulphoxide
- HDL cholesterol
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- Hb, hemoglobin
- LDL cholesterol
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin
- RBC, red blood cells
- Red blood cell count
- VLDL, very low density lipoprotein
- WBC, white blood cells
- White blood cell count
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghamitra Pal
- Molecular Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal- 741235, India
| | - Kaushik Sarkar
- Molecular Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal- 741235, India
| | - Partha Pratim Nath
- Molecular Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal- 741235, India
| | - Mukti Mondal
- Molecular Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal- 741235, India
| | - Ashma Khatun
- Molecular Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal- 741235, India
| | - Goutam Paul
- Molecular Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal- 741235, India
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81
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Wang X, He J, Guo H, Mu L, Hu Y, Ma J, Yan Y, Ma R, Li S, Ding Y, Zhang M, Niu Q, Liu J, Zhang J, Guo S. Interactions of six SNPs in APOA1 gene and types of obesity on low HDL-C disease in Xinjiang pastoral area of China. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:187. [PMID: 28969676 PMCID: PMC5625605 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0581-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate association between six single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in APOA1 gene and types of obesity with the risk of low level HDL-C in the pastoral area of northwest China. METHODS A total of 1267 individuals including 424 patients with low HDL-C disease and 843 health subjects were analyzed based on matched for age, sex. SNPShot technique was used to detect the genotypes of rs670, rs5069, rs5072, rs7116797, rs2070665 and rs1799837 in APOA1 gene. The relationship between above six SNPs and types of obesity with low HDL-C disease was analyzed by binary logistic regression. RESULTS Carriers with rs670 G allele were more likely to get low HDL-C disease (OR = 1.46, OR95%CI: 1.118-1.915; P = 0.005); The genotypic and allelic frequencies of rs5069, rs5072, rs7116797, rs2070665, rs1799837 revealed no significant differences between cases and controls (P < 0.05); with reference to normal weight, Waist circumference (WC), Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) individuals, respectively, general obesity measured by BMI had 2.686 times (OR95%CI: 1.695-4.256; P < 0.01), abdominal obesity measured by WC had 1.925 times (OR95%CI: 1.273-2.910; P = 0.002) and abdominal obesity measured by WHR had 1.640 times (OR95%CI: 1.114-2.416; P = 0.012) risk to get low HDL-C disease; APOA1 rs670 interacted with obesity (no matter general obesity or abdominal obesity) on low HDL-C disease. CONCLUSIONS APOA1 gene may be associated with low HDL-C disease in the pastoral area of northwest China; obesity was the risk factor for low HDL-C disease; the low HDL-C disease is influenced by APOA1, obesity, and their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Wang
- Department of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000 China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000 China
| | - Heng Guo
- Department of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000 China
| | - Lati Mu
- Department of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000 China
| | - Yunhua Hu
- Department of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000 China
| | - Jiaolong Ma
- Department of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000 China
| | - Yizhong Yan
- Department of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000 China
| | - Rulin Ma
- Department of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000 China
| | - Shugang Li
- Department of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000 China
| | - Yusong Ding
- Department of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000 China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000 China
| | - Qiang Niu
- Department of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000 China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- Department of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000 China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000 China
| | - Shuxia Guo
- Department of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000 China
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82
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Badimon L, Padró T, Cubedo J. Protein changes in non-LDL-lipoproteins in familial hypercholesterolemia: implications in cardiovascular disease manifestation and outcome. Curr Opin Lipidol 2017; 28:427-433. [PMID: 28682808 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Familial hypercholesterolemia, represents one of the most extreme clinical entities associated with premature coronary artery disease (CAD). However, clinical manifestation of CAD varies across cohorts and individual patients suggesting the existence of additional non-LDL factors potentially contributing to their cardiovascular burden. RECENT FINDINGS Changes in HDL-associated proteins appear as one of the potential additional factors contributing to the cardiovascular risk in familial hypercholesterolemia. Specifically, the content of Apo M-SP1 in HDL3 has been directly associated with cholesterol efflux capacity. In addition, a coordinated decrease in the content of Apo L1 and LCAT in HDL3 has been related to the presence of corneal arcus and to bad prognosis in familial hypercholesterolemia patients after an acute ischemic event. In fact, HDL3 particles of familial hypercholesterolemia patients have diminished antioxidant and anti-inflammatory function. SUMMARY The identification of the specific changes in HDL-associated proteins that contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk of familial hypercholesterolemia patients could be useful for the development of novel therapeutic targets. These novel strategies, in combination with current lipid-lowering therapies, may help to reduce the residual risk found in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Badimon
- aCardiovascular Science Institute - ICCC, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau) and CiberCV bCardiovascular Research Chair UAB, Barcelona, Spain
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83
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Swendeman SL, Xiong Y, Cantalupo A, Yuan H, Burg N, Hisano Y, Cartier A, Liu CH, Engelbrecht E, Blaho V, Zhang Y, Yanagida K, Galvani S, Obinata H, Salmon JE, Sanchez T, Di Lorenzo A, Hla T. An engineered S1P chaperone attenuates hypertension and ischemic injury. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/492/eaal2722. [PMID: 28811382 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aal2722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction, a hallmark of vascular disease, is restored by plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL). However, a generalized increase in HDL abundance is not beneficial, suggesting that specific HDL species mediate protective effects. Apolipoprotein M-containing HDL (ApoM+HDL), which carries the bioactive lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), promotes endothelial function by activating G protein-coupled S1P receptors. Moreover, HDL-bound S1P is limiting in several inflammatory, metabolic, and vascular diseases. We report the development of a soluble carrier for S1P, ApoM-Fc, which activated S1P receptors in a sustained manner and promoted endothelial function. In contrast, ApoM-Fc did not modulate circulating lymphocyte numbers, suggesting that it specifically activated endothelial S1P receptors. ApoM-Fc administration reduced blood pressure in hypertensive mice, attenuated myocardial damage after ischemia/reperfusion injury, and reduced brain infarct volume in the middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke. Our proof-of-concept study suggests that selective and sustained targeting of endothelial S1P receptors by ApoM-Fc could be a viable therapeutic strategy in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Swendeman
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuquan Xiong
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna Cantalupo
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hui Yuan
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nathalie Burg
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Yu Hisano
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andreane Cartier
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Catherine H Liu
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eric Engelbrecht
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Victoria Blaho
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Keisuke Yanagida
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sylvain Galvani
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hideru Obinata
- Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Jane E Salmon
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Teresa Sanchez
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Annarita Di Lorenzo
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Pesarini JR, Oliveira RJ, Pessatto LR, Antoniolli-Silva ACMB, Felicidade I, Nardi NB, Camassola M, Mantovani MS, Ribeiro LR. Vitamin D: Correlation with biochemical and body composition changes in a southern Brazilian population and induction of cytotoxicity in mesenchymal stem cells derived from human adipose tissue. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:861-871. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Moradi M, Mahmoudi M, Saedisomeolia A, Zahirihashemi R, Koohdani F. The effect of weight loss on HDL subfractions and LCAT activity in two genotypes of APOA-II -265T>C polymorphism. Nutr J 2017; 16:34. [PMID: 28545455 PMCID: PMC5445295 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-017-0255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People may have different responses to the same environmental changes. It has been reported that genome variations may be responsible for these differences. Also, HDL subfractions may be influenced by different genetic variations. The aim of the present study was to determine gene-diet interactions and to evaluate the influence of weight loss on HDL subfractions between two genotypes of -265 T>C APOA-II polymorphism. Methods In the present study, 56 overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected from 697 genotype-specified subjects. After matching for gender, age and BMI at the beginning of the study, an equal number of patients remained on each genotype of APOA-II (TT/TC and CC group). After a 6-week calorie restriction program, 44 patients completed the study. Serum HDL subfractions, including HDL2 and HDL3 and LCAT activity, were compared between the two genotypes and, before and after the intervention, were separated in each genotype. Results Serum concentration of HDL and its subfractions decreased significantly due to the weight loss. A comparison of the mean changes between the genotypes showed that HDL3 significantly decreased in the CC genotype while, in the TT/TC group, the serum concentration of HDL2 was significantly reduced. However, the increase of LCAT activity was not significant among the two genotypes. Conclusion A comparison of mean changes of variables within two genotype groups showed that C homozygote carriers lead to a general shift toward larger size HDL subfractions and T allele carriers shift toward smaller size HDL subfractions after weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Moradi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hojatdoost Ave., Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Saedisomeolia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Roxana Zahirihashemi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Koohdani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hojatdoost Ave., Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, Iran. .,Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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86
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Serum triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and coronary heart disease in a Chinese population undergoing coronary angiography. J Clin Lipidol 2017; 11:646-656. [PMID: 28506386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased serum triglyceride and apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The major types of dyslipidemia in Chinese population are hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of HDL-C, triglyceride, and apoB levels on the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in a Chinese population undergoing coronary angiography. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 1941 consecutive patients who were referred to coronary angiography for the evaluation of suspected CHD were recruited. Lipid parameters were measured after an overnight fast. Patients were diagnosed with CHD and without CHD based on the findings of the coronary angiography. RESULTS There were 1363 angiography confirmed CHD patients and 578 non-CHD patients. In nonstatin users, the major types of dyslipidemia were hypertriglyceridemia combined with low HDL-C, isolated low HDL-C, and isolated hypertriglyceridemia, accounting for 21.60%, 19.70%, and 14.99%, respectively. In statin users, a low to moderate-intensity statin was effective in lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The proportion of reaching an LDL-C goal <2.6 mmol/L and <1.8 mmol/L in statin users was 83.20% and 55.19%, respectively. In nonstatin users, the triglyceride and apoB levels were higher and the HDL-C levels were lower in CHD patients compared with non-CHD patients after the adjustment of age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, smoking, and alcohol drinking (P = .002, .007, and .005, respectively). After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, smoking and alcohol drinking, the quartiles of triglyceride, HDL-C, and apoB were associated with CHD (P for trend = .001, .005, and .003, respectively). CONCLUSION Serum triglyceride, HDL-C, and apoB levels were independently associated with CHD in a Chinese population undergoing coronary angiography with a relatively low level of LDL-C and a high prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C.
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87
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Brenachot X, Gautier T, Nédélec E, Deckert V, Laderrière A, Nuzzaci D, Rigault C, Lemoine A, Pénicaud L, Lagrost L, Benani A. Brain Control of Plasma Cholesterol Involves Polysialic Acid Molecules in the Hypothalamus. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:245. [PMID: 28515677 PMCID: PMC5414510 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The polysialic acid (PSA) is a large glycan that is added to cell-surface proteins during their post-translational maturation. In the brain, PSA modulates distances between cells and controls the plasticity of the nervous system. In the hypothalamus, PSA is involved in many aspects of energy balance including food intake, osmoregulation, circadian rhythm, and sleep. In this work, we investigated the role of hypothalamic PSA in the regulation of plasma cholesterol levels and distribution. We report that HFD consumption in mice rapidly increased plasma cholesterol, including VLDL, LDL, and HDL-cholesterol. Although plasma VLDL-cholesterol was normalized within the first week, LDL and HDL were still elevated after 2 weeks upon HFD. Importantly, we found that hypothalamic PSA removal aggravated LDL elevation and reduced HDL levels upon HFD. These results indicate that hypothalamic PSA controls plasma lipoprotein profile by circumventing the rise of LDL-to-HDL cholesterol ratio in plasma during overfeeding. Although mechanisms by which hypothalamic PSA controls plasma cholesterol homeostasis remains to be elucidated, these findings also suggest that low level of hypothalamic PSA might be a risk factor for dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Brenachot
- AgroSup Dijon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne-Franche ComtéDijon, France
| | - Thomas Gautier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale LNC, U1231, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Fondation de Coopération Scientifique Bourgogne-Franche ComtéDijon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Nédélec
- AgroSup Dijon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne-Franche ComtéDijon, France
| | - Valérie Deckert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale LNC, U1231, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Fondation de Coopération Scientifique Bourgogne-Franche ComtéDijon, France
| | - Amélie Laderrière
- AgroSup Dijon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne-Franche ComtéDijon, France
| | - Danaé Nuzzaci
- AgroSup Dijon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne-Franche ComtéDijon, France
| | - Caroline Rigault
- AgroSup Dijon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne-Franche ComtéDijon, France
| | - Aleth Lemoine
- AgroSup Dijon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne-Franche ComtéDijon, France
| | - Luc Pénicaud
- AgroSup Dijon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne-Franche ComtéDijon, France
| | - Laurent Lagrost
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale LNC, U1231, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Fondation de Coopération Scientifique Bourgogne-Franche ComtéDijon, France
| | - Alexandre Benani
- AgroSup Dijon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne-Franche ComtéDijon, France
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Wahyuningsih H, K Cayami F, Bahrudin U, A Sobirin M, Ep Mundhofir F, Mh Faradz S, Hisatome I. Optimization of PCR Condition: The First Study of High Resolution Melting Technique for Screening of APOA1 Variance. Yonago Acta Med 2017; 60:24-30. [PMID: 28331418 PMCID: PMC5355841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High resolution melting (HRM) is a post-PCR technique for variant screening and genotyping based on the different melting points of DNA fragments. The advantages of this technique are that it is fast, simple, and efficient and has a high output, particularly for screening of a large number of samples. APOA1 encodes apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) which is a major component of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). This study aimed to obtain an optimal quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-HRM condition for screening of APOA1 variance. METHODS Genomic DNA was isolated from a peripheral blood sample using the salting out method. APOA1 was amplified using the RotorGeneQ 5Plex HRM. The PCR product was visualized with the HRM amplification curve and confirmed using gel electrophoresis. The melting profile was confirmed by looking at the melting curve. RESULTS Five sets of primers covering the translated region of APOA1 exons were designed with expected PCR product size of 100-400 bps. The amplified segments of DNA were amplicons 2, 3, 4A, 4B, and 4C. Amplicons 2, 3 and 4B were optimized at an annealing temperature of 60 °C at 40 PCR cycles. Amplicon 4A was optimized at an annealing temperature of 62 °C at 45 PCR cycles. Amplicon 4C was optimized at an annealing temperature of 63 °C at 50 PCR cycles. CONCLUSION In addition to the suitable procedures of DNA isolation and quantification, primer design and an estimated PCR product size, the data of this study showed that appropriate annealing temperature and PCR cycles were important factors in optimization of HRM technique for variant screening in APOA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesty Wahyuningsih
- Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University Faculty of Medicine, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Ferdy K Cayami
- Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University Faculty of Medicine, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Udin Bahrudin
- Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University Faculty of Medicine, Semarang, Indonesia; †Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Diponegoro University Faculty of Medicine, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Mochamad A Sobirin
- †Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Diponegoro University Faculty of Medicine, Semarang, Indonesia; ‡Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Diponegoro University Faculty of Medicine, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Farmaditya Ep Mundhofir
- Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University Faculty of Medicine, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Sultana Mh Faradz
- Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University Faculty of Medicine, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- §Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
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Naidu S, Ponnampalvanar S, Kamaruzzaman SB, Kamarulzaman A. Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Among People Living with HIV in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2017; 31:1-13. [PMID: 28051897 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2016.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a group of components associated with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of MS in the HIV population is increasing in epidemic proportions globally. However, the magnitude and characteristics of MS are not fully elucidated in developing countries. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the prevalence of MS and its components among people living with HIV (PLWH) in developing countries. Searches were carried out in MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, other web sources, and by hand search. Articles were restricted to English language studies reporting on the prevalence of MS among PLWH in developing countries. Eighteen articles were included in the review. The studies were divided into Africa, South America, and Asia regions. The most frequent criterion used in the review was the National Cholesterol Education Program: Adult Treatment Program III 2001 definition. The prevalence of MS among PLWH ranged from 8.4% to 47% across the developing regions and comparable to the overall prevalence across the developed regions (7.8-52.2%). The mean prevalence was 30.5%, 21.5%, and 21.4% in Africa, Asia, and South America, respectively. The most frequent component observed was low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (50.1%). This systematic review provides an essential overview on the distribution of MS in the HIV population across the developing regions. As these prevalences were comparably high in the developed regions, this review highlights the need for more robust research in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaraj Naidu
- Center of Excellence for Research in AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sasheela Ponnampalvanar
- Center of Excellence for Research in AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Bahyah Kamaruzzaman
- Division of Geriatric, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adeeba Kamarulzaman
- Center of Excellence for Research in AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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90
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Egg consumption and heart health: A review. Nutrition 2016; 37:79-85. [PMID: 28359368 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Until recently, reducing dietary cholesterol has been a part of the American Heart Association (AHA) and American College of Cardiology (ACC) guidelines on lifestyle management, despite inconclusive evidence to support the recommendation. Considering eggs are a rich source of dietary cholesterol (typically containing 141-234 mg per egg), individuals with increased risk for CVD are advised not to consume eggs. Furthermore, based on the 2012 AHA/ACC guidelines, individuals with lower risk for CVD have previously been advised to avoid consuming eggs due to the high content of dietary cholesterol. Rather than strictly limiting cholesterol intake, the AHA and ACC guidelines now recommend dietary patterns that emphasize fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy products, poultry, fish, and nuts as an approach to favorably alter blood lipid levels. Of note, the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans have removed the recommendation of limiting cholesterol intake to no more than 300 mg per day; however, the guidelines advise that individuals should eat as little dietary cholesterol as possible while consuming a healthy eating pattern. The purpose of this review is to summarize the documented health risks of egg consumption in individuals with low and high risk for CVD and determine whether current recommendations are warranted based on the available literature. We also aim to provide guidance for future studies that will help further elucidate the health modulating effect of eggs.
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91
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Rodriguez PJ, Gillard BK, Barosh R, Gotto AM, Rosales C, Pownall HJ. Neo High-Density Lipoprotein Produced by the Streptococcal Serum Opacity Factor Activity against Human High-Density Lipoproteins Is Hepatically Removed via Dual Mechanisms. Biochemistry 2016; 55:5845-5853. [PMID: 27662183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Injection of streptococcal serum opacity factor (SOF) into mice reduces the plasma cholesterol level by ∼40%. In vitro, SOF converts high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) into multiple products, including a small HDL, neo HDL. In vitro, neo HDL accounts for ∼60% of the protein mass of the SOF reaction products; in vivo, the accumulated mass of neo HDL is <1% of that observed in vitro. To identify the underlying cause of this difference, we determined the fate of neo HDL in plasma in vitro and in vivo. Following incubation with HDL, neo HDL-PC rapidly transfers to HDL, giving a small remnant, which fuses with HDL. An increased level of SR-B1 expression in Huh7 hepatoma cells and a reduced level of LDLR expression in CHO cells had little effect on neo HDL-[3H]CE uptake. Thus, the dominant receptors for neo HDL uptake are not LDLR or SR-B1. The in vivo metabolic fates of neo HDL-[3H]CE and HDL-[3H]CE were different. Thirty minutes after the injection of neo HDL-[3H]CE and HDL-[3H]CE into mice, plasma [3H]CE counts were 40 and 53%, respectively, of injected counts, with 10 times more [3H]CE appearing in the livers of neo HDL-[3H]CE-injected than in those of HDL-[3H]CE-injected mice. These data support a model of neo HDL-[3H]CE clearance by two parallel pathways. At early post-neo HDL-[3H]CE injection times, some neo HDL is directly removed by the liver; the remainder transfers its PC to HDL, leaving a remnant that fuses with HDL, which is also hepatically removed more slowly. Given that SR-B1 and SOF both remove CE from HDL, this novel mechanism may also underlie the metabolism of remnants released by hepatocytes following selective SR-B1-mediated uptake of HDL-CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla J Rodriguez
- Houston Methodist Research Institute , 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States.,Baylor College of Medicine , One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Baiba K Gillard
- Houston Methodist Research Institute , 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Rachel Barosh
- Houston Methodist Research Institute , 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Antonio M Gotto
- Houston Methodist Research Institute , 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Corina Rosales
- Houston Methodist Research Institute , 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Henry J Pownall
- Houston Methodist Research Institute , 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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92
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Effects of serum amyloid A on the structure and antioxidant ability of high-density lipoprotein. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:BSR20160075. [PMID: 27422844 PMCID: PMC4986410 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) levels increase during acute and chronic inflammation and are mainly associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In the present study, we investigated the effect of SAA on the composition, surface charge, particle size and antioxidant ability of HDL using recombinant human SAA (rhSAA) and HDL samples from patients with inflammation. We confirmed that rhSAA bound to HDL3 and released apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) from HDL without an apparent change in particle size. Forty-one patients were stratified into three groups based on serum SAA concentrations: Low (SAA ≤ 8 μg/ml), Middle (8 < SAA ≤ 100 μg/ml) and High (SAA > 100 μg/ml). The ratios of apoA-I to total protein mass, relative cholesterol content and negative charge of HDL samples obtained from patients with high SAA levels were lower than that for samples from patients with low SAA levels. Various particle sizes of HDL were observed in three groups regardless of serum SAA levels. Antioxidant ability of rhSAA, evaluated as the effect on the formation of conjugated diene in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) induced by oxidation using copper sulfate, was higher than that of apoA-I. Consistent with this result, reconstituted SAA-containing HDL (SAA-HDL) indicated higher antioxidant ability compared with normal HDL. Furthermore, HDL samples obtained from High SAA group patients also showed the highest antioxidant ability among the three groups. Consequently, SAA affects the composition and surface charge of HDL by displacement of apoA-I and enhances its antioxidant ability.
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93
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A novel anti-inflammatory mechanism of high density lipoprotein through up-regulating annexin A1 in vascular endothelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:501-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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McGowan A, Widdowson WM, O'Regan A, Young IS, Boran G, McEneny J, Gibney J. Postprandial Studies Uncover Differing Effects on HDL Particles of Overt and Subclinical Hypothyroidism. Thyroid 2016; 26:356-64. [PMID: 26800752 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2015.0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overt hypothyroidism (OH) is associated with abnormal lipid metabolism and endothelial dysfunction under fasting conditions. The balance of evidence suggests similar but less marked abnormalities in subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). There are few data regarding the metabolic and vascular effects of OH or SCH under postprandial conditions. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study, carried out in a teaching hospital. Subjects with OH (n = 21), SCH (n = 28), and controls (n = 44) matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) were studied under fasting and postprandial conditions. Postprandial lipid metabolism with particular emphasis on intestinally derived lipoproteins, HDL cholesterol (HDL), and endothelial function were compared in subjects with OH and SCH who were matched for age, sex, and BMI. Apolipoprotein B48 (Apo B48), a measure of intestinally derived lipoprotein, was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. HDL was subfractionated into HDL2 and HDL3 by rapid ultracentrifugation. Functional aspects of HDL were determined by monitoring the activities of cholesteryl-ester-transfer-protein (CETP) and lecithin-cholesterol-acyl-transferase (LCAT). Systemic and HDL-associated inflammation was assessed by measuring serum-amyloid-A (SAA) levels. Endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery in response to hyperemia of the forearm. RESULTS There were no significant between-group differences in LDL cholesterol or triglyceride concentration. Peak Apo B48 levels were greater in OH (p < 0.001) and SCH (p < 0.05) compared with control subjects. HDL area under the curve (AUC) was lower postprandially in SCH (p < 0.001) but not OH compared with control subjects. HDL2- and HDL3-associated CETP AUC was lower only in OH (p < 0.005) compared with controls. FMD was reduced in OH (p < 0.05) compared with SCH and controls postprandially. CONCLUSION Postprandial lipoprotein and vascular abnormalities differ between OH and SCH. Although both are characterized by increased intestinally derived lipoprotein particles, HDL is reduced only in SCH. Maintained HDL in OH probably reflects reduced CETP activity, which was not observed in SCH. Postprandial endothelial dysfunction is abnormal only in OH, and this effect does not appear to reflect increased inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne McGowan
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, Tallaght Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Anna O'Regan
- 2 Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ian S Young
- 2 Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard Boran
- 3 Department of Chemical Pathology, Tallaght Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jane McEneny
- 2 Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - James Gibney
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, Tallaght Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
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95
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Scholz M, Tselmin S, Fischer S, Julius U. Hypertriglyceridemia in an outpatient department--Significance as an atherosclerotic risk factor. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2016; 18:146-53. [PMID: 25936319 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a relationship between elevated triglycerides (TG) and cardiovascular diseases is generally accepted, its extent is still discussed. This retrospective study analyzed the incidence of cardiovascular events (CVE) and pancreatitis as well as the therapeutic regimen in patients being treated for hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) at an outpatient department. METHODS The cohort included 183 patients with mild and 49 patients with severe HTG; subgroups were formed and compared according to gender, presence of metabolic vascular syndrome (MVS) and lipid values. RESULTS Patients in this study seem to have had CVE at younger age than reported event rates in the general population. TG levels, rates of CVE and pancreatitis were reduced in all groups during therapy, which could be linked to use of omega-3 fatty acids and fibrates. Patients with persisting severe HTG as a result of incompliance showed massive risk for pancreatitis. CONCLUSION Although no significant association between TG levels and CVE could be established, the combination of HTG and other cardiovascular risk factors such as MVS seems to be especially dangerous. The lipid-lowering drug therapy appeared to be effective with respect to CVE and pancreatitis incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Scholz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - S Tselmin
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - S Fischer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - U Julius
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Update on the molecular biology of dyslipidemias. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 454:143-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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98
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Oberbach A, Adams V, Schlichting N, Heinrich M, Kullnick Y, Lehmann S, Lehmann S, Feder S, Correia JC, Mohr FW, Völker U, Jehmlich N. Proteome profiles of HDL particles of patients with chronic heart failure are associated with immune response and also include bacteria proteins. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 453:114-22. [PMID: 26688386 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Besides modulation of reverse cholesterol transport, high density lipoprotein (HDL) is able to modulate vascular function by stimulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Recently, it could be documented that this function of HDL was significantly impaired in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). We investigated alterations in the HDL proteome in CHF patients. Therefore, HDL was isolated from 5 controls (HDLhealthy) and 5 CHF patients of NYHA-class IIIb (HDLCHF). Proteome analysis of HDL particles was performed by two-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (SCX/RP LC-MS/MS). In total, we identified 494 distinct proteins, of which 107 proteins were commonly found in both groups (HDLCHF and HDLhealthy) indicating a high inter-subject variability across HDL particles. Several important proteins (e.g. ITGA2, APBA1 or A2M) varied in level. Functional analysis revealed regulated pathways. A minor proportion of bacteria-derived proteins were also identified in the HDL-particles. The extension of the list of HDL-associated proteins allows besides their mere description new insights into alterations in HDL function in diseases. In addition, the detection of bacterial proteins bound to HDL will broaden our view of HDL not only as a cholesterol carrier but also as a carrier of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Oberbach
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Leipzig, Heart Center Leipzig, Germany; Division of Diagnostics, Experimental Surgery/CardiOMICs, Fraunhofer-Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Volker Adams
- Department of Cardiology, University of Leipzig, Heart Center Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadine Schlichting
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Leipzig, Heart Center Leipzig, Germany; Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marco Heinrich
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Leipzig, Heart Center Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yvonne Kullnick
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Leipzig, Heart Center Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lehmann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Leipzig, Heart Center Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Lehmann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Leipzig, Heart Center Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Feder
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Leipzig, Heart Center Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joao Carlos Correia
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Leipzig, Heart Center Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nico Jehmlich
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany.
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99
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Dalla-Riva J, Lagerstedt JO, Petrlova J. Structural and Functional Analysis of the ApolipoproteinA-I A164S Variant. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143915. [PMID: 26605794 PMCID: PMC4659549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) is the main protein involved in the formation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), it is the principal mediator of the reverse cholesterol transfer (RCT) pathway and provides cardio-protection. In addition to functional wild-type apoA-I, several variants have been shown to associate with hereditary amyloidosis. In this study we have performed biophysical and biochemical analyses of the structure and functional properties of the A164S variant of apoA-I (1:500 in the Danish general population), which is the first known mutation of apoA-I that leads to an increased risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD), myocardial infarction and mortality without associated low HDL cholesterol levels. Despite the fact that epidemiologically IHD is associated with low plasma levels of HDL, the A164S mutation is linked to normal plasma levels of lipids, HDL and apoA-I, suggesting impaired functionality of this variant. Using biophysical techniques (e.g., circular dichroism spectroscopy and electron microscopy) to determine secondary structure, stability and pro-amyloidogenic property of the lipid free A164S apoA-I variant, our observations suggest similarity in structural properties between apoA-I WT and apoA-I A164S. However, the A164S apoA-I variant exhibits lower binding affinity to lipids but forms similar sized HDL particles to those produced by WT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens O. Lagerstedt
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Jitka Petrlova
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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100
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Zamanian-Daryoush M, DiDonato JA. Apolipoprotein A-I and Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:265. [PMID: 26617517 PMCID: PMC4642354 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the predominant protein in plasma HDL, have long been the focus of intense studies in the field of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. ApoA-I, in large part, is responsible for HDL assembly and its main atheroprotective function, that of shuttling excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver for excretion (reverse cholesterol transport). Recently, a protective role for HDL in cancer was suggested from several large clinical studies where an inverse relationship between plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and risk of developing cancer was noted. This notion has now been tested and found to be supported in mouse tumor studies, where increasing levels of apoA-I/HDL were discovered to protect against tumor development and provision of human apoA-I was therapeutic against established tumors. This mini-review discusses the emerging role of apoA-I in tumor biology and its potential as cancer therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zamanian-Daryoush
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Center for Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Prevention, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH, USA
| | - Joseph A DiDonato
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Center for Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Prevention, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH, USA
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