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Brazaca LC, Moreto JR, Martín A, Tehrani F, Wang J, Zucolotto V. Colorimetric Paper-Based Immunosensor for Simultaneous Determination of Fetuin B and Clusterin toward Early Alzheimer's Diagnosis. ACS NANO 2019; 13:13325-13332. [PMID: 31661258 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a devastating condition characterized by a progressive and slow brain decay in elders. Here, we developed a paper-based lateral flow immunoassay for simultaneous and fast determination of Alzheimer's blood biomarkers, fetuin B and clusterin. Selective antibodies to targeted biomarkers were immobilized on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and deposited on paper pads. After adding the sample on the paper-based device, the biofluid laterally flows toward the selective antibody, permitting AuNP-Ab accumulation on the test zone, which causes a color change from white to pink. Image analysis was performed using a customized algorithm for the automatic recognition of the area of analysis and color clustering. Colorimetric detection was compared to electrochemical methods for the precise quantification of biomarkers. The best performance was found for the color parameter "L*". Good linearity (R2 = 0.988 and 0.998) and reproducibility (%RSD = 2.79% and 1.82%, N = 3) were demonstrated for the quantification of fetuin B and clusterin, respectively. Furthermore, the specificity of the immunosensor was tested on mixtures of proteins, showing negligible cross-reactivity and good performance in complex environments. We believe that our biosensor has a potential for early-stage diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and toward a better understanding of Alzheimer's developing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís C Brazaca
- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, São Carlos Institute of Physics , University of São Paulo , 13560-970 São Carlos , SP , Brazil
- Department of NanoEngineering , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - José R Moreto
- Department of Aerospace Engineering , San Diego State University , San Diego , California 92182-1308 , United States
| | - Aída Martín
- Department of NanoEngineering , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Farshad Tehrani
- Department of NanoEngineering , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Valtencir Zucolotto
- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, São Carlos Institute of Physics , University of São Paulo , 13560-970 São Carlos , SP , Brazil
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Khan S. IGFBP-2 Signaling in the Brain: From Brain Development to Higher Order Brain Functions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:822. [PMID: 31824433 PMCID: PMC6883226 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) is a pleiotropic polypeptide that functions as autocrine and/or paracrine growth factors. IGFBP-2 is the most abundant of the IGFBPs in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and developing brain showed the highest expression of IGFBP-2. IGFBP-2 expressed in the hippocampus, cortex, olfactory lobes, cerebellum, and amygdala. IGFBP-2 mRNA expression is seen in meninges, blood vessels, and in small cell-body neurons (interneurons) and astrocytes. The expression pattern of IGFBP-2 is often developmentally regulated and cell-specific. Biological activities of IGFBP-2 which are independent of their abilities to bind to insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are mediated by the heparin binding domain (HBD). To execute IGF-independent functions, some IGFBPs have shown to bind with their putative receptors or to translocate inside the cells. Thus, IGFBP-2 functions can be mediated both via insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGF-IR) and independent of IGF-Rs. In this review, I suggest that IGFBP-2 is not only involved in the growth, development of the brain but also with the regulation of neuronal plasticity to modulate high-level cognitive operations such as spatial learning and memory and information processing. Hence, IGFBP-2 serves as a neurotrophic factor which acts via metaplastic signaling from embryonic to adult stages.
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Prokop S, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ. Neuroimmune interactions in Alzheimer's disease-New frontier with old challenges? PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 168:183-201. [PMID: 31699314 PMCID: PMC6939624 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The perceived role of the immune system in neurodegenerative diseases has undergone drastic changes over time. Initially considered as a passive bystander, then condemned as a mediator of neurodegeneration and now established as an important player in the pathogenetic cascade, neuroimmune interactions have come a long way to arrive center stage in Alzheimer's disease research. Despite major breakthroughs in recent years, basic questions remain unanswered as conflicting data describe immune overactivation, inadequate response or exhaustion of the immune system in neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, difficulties in translating in vitro and in vivo studies in model systems to the complex human disease condition with multiple overlapping pathologies and the long disease duration in patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases have hampered progress. Development of novel, advanced model systems, as well as new technologies to interrogate existing disease models and valuable collections of human tissue samples, including brain tissue in parallel with improved imaging and biomarker technologies are guiding the way to better understand the role of the immune system in Alzheimer's disease with hopes for more effective interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Prokop
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Virginia M Y Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, AD Center Core (ADCC), Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania (PENN), School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, AD Center Core (ADCC), Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania (PENN), School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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McGrath ER, Himali JJ, Levy D, Conner SC, DeCarli CS, Pase MP, Courchesne P, Satizabal CL, Vasan RS, Beiser AS, Seshadri S. Circulating IGFBP-2: a novel biomarker for incident dementia. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:1659-1670. [PMID: 31373442 PMCID: PMC6764739 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between plasma insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) and cognitive outcomes. METHODS We measured plasma IGFBP-2 levels in 1596 (53% women, mean age 68.7 [SD 5.7] years) dementia-free Framingham Offspring cohort participants between 1998 and 2001. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models related plasma IGFBP-2 to subsequent risk of incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease. MRI brain measures and cognitive performance were included as secondary outcomes. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 11.8 (Q1, Q3: 7.1, 13.3) years, 131 participants developed incident dementia, of whom 98 were diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. The highest tertile of IGFBP-2, compared to the lowest tertile, was associated with an increased risk of incident all-cause dementia (hazard ratio [HR] 2.89, 95% CI 1.63-5.13) and Alzheimer's disease (HR 3.63, 95% CI 1.76-7.50) in multivariable analysis. Higher circulating IGFBP2 levels were also cross-sectionally associated with poorer performance on tests of abstract reasoning but not with MRI-based outcomes. After adding plasma IGFBP-2 levels to a conventional dementia prediction model, 32% of individuals with dementia were correctly assigned a higher predicted risk, while 8% of individuals without dementia were correctly assigned a lower predicted risk (overall net reclassification improvement index, 0.40, 95% CI 0.22-0.59). INTERPRETATION Elevated circulating IGFBP-2 levels were associated with an increased risk of both all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Addition of IGFBP2 plasma levels to a model of traditional risk factors significantly improved dementia risk classification. Manipulation of insulin-like growth factor signaling via IGFBP-2 may be a promising therapeutic target for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emer R. McGrath
- Department of NeurologyBrigham & Women’s HospitalBostonMassachusetts
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
- Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMassachusetts
| | - Jayandra J. Himali
- Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMassachusetts
- Boston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusetts
- Boston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusetts
| | - Daniel Levy
- Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMassachusetts
- Population Sciences Branch of the National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute of the National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMaryland
| | - Sarah C. Conner
- Boston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusetts
| | | | - Matthew P. Pase
- Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMassachusetts
- Melbourne Dementia Research CentreThe Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Paul Courchesne
- Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMassachusetts
- Population Sciences Branch of the National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute of the National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMaryland
| | - Claudia L. Satizabal
- Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMassachusetts
- Boston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusetts
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health Sciences CenterSan AntonioTexas
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMassachusetts
- Boston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusetts
| | - Alexa S. Beiser
- Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMassachusetts
- Boston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusetts
- Boston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusetts
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMassachusetts
- Boston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusetts
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health Sciences CenterSan AntonioTexas
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Chernick D, Ortiz-Valle S, Jeong A, Qu W, Li L. Peripheral versus central nervous system APOE in Alzheimer's disease: Interplay across the blood-brain barrier. Neurosci Lett 2019; 708:134306. [PMID: 31181302 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele has been demonstrated as the preeminent genetic risk factor for late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), which comprises greater than 90% of all AD cases. The discovery of the connection between different APOE genotypes and AD risk in the early 1990s spurred three decades of intense and comprehensive research into the function of APOE in the normal and diseased brain. The importance of APOE in the periphery has been well established, due to its pivotal role in maintaining cholesterol homeostasis and cardiovascular health. The influence of vascular factors on brain function and AD risk has been extensively studied in recent years. As a major apolipoprotein regulating multiple molecular pathways beyond its canonical lipid-related functions in the periphery and the central nervous system, APOE represents a critical link between the two compartments, and may influence AD risk from both sides of the blood-brain barrier. This review discusses recent advances in understanding the different functions of APOE in the periphery and in the brain, and highlights several promising APOE-targeted therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angela Jeong
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Wenhui Qu
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ling Li
- Departments of Pharmacology, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
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de Castro AA, Soares FV, Pereira AF, Polisel DA, Caetano MS, Leal DHS, da Cunha EFF, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Ramalho TC. Non-conventional compounds with potential therapeutic effects against Alzheimer’s disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:375-395. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1608823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre A. de Castro
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Flávia V. Soares
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Ander F. Pereira
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Daniel A. Polisel
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Melissa S. Caetano
- Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniel H. S. Leal
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, São Mateus, Brazil
| | - Elaine F. F. da Cunha
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Teodorico C. Ramalho
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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57
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The genesis and evolution of bead-based multiplexing. Methods 2019; 158:2-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Zetterberg H, Burnham SC. Blood-based molecular biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Mol Brain 2019; 12:26. [PMID: 30922367 PMCID: PMC6437931 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A major barrier to the effective conduct of clinical trials of new drug candidates against Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and to identifying patients for receiving future disease-modifying treatments is the limited capacity of the current health system to find and diagnose patients with early AD pathology. This may be related in part to the limited capacity of the current health systems to select those people likely to have AD pathology in order to confirm the diagnosis with available cerebrospinal fluid and imaging biomarkers at memory clinics. In the current narrative review, we summarize the literature on candidate blood tests for AD that could be implemented in primary care settings and used for the effective identification of individuals at increased risk of AD pathology, who could be referred for potential inclusion in clinical trials or future approved treatments following additional testing. We give an updated account of blood-based candidate biomarkers and biomarker panels for AD-related brain changes. Our analysis centres on biomarker candidates that have been replicated in more than one study and discusses the need of further studies to achieve the goal of a primary care-based screening algorithm for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, he Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden. .,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska, University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden. .,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK. .,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK.
| | - Samantha C Burnham
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia. .,Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia.
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Acquarone E, Monacelli F, Borghi R, Nencioni A, Odetti P. Resistin: A reappraisal. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 178:46-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Begic E, Hadzidedic S, Kulaglic A, Ramic-Brkic B, Begic Z, Causevic M. SOMAscan-based proteomic measurements of plasma brain natriuretic peptide are decreased in mild cognitive impairment and in Alzheimer's dementia patients. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212261. [PMID: 30763368 PMCID: PMC6375605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease represents the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder and a leading cause of progressive cognitive impairment. Predicting cognitive decline is challenging but would be invaluable in an increasingly aging population which also experiences a rising cardiovascular risk. In order to examine whether plasma measurements of one of the established biomarkers of heart failure, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), reflect a decline in cognitive function, associated with Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration, BNP levels were analysed, by using a novel assay called a SOMAscan, in 1. cognitively healthy, control subjects; 2. subjects with mild cognitive impairment, and 3. subjects with Alzheimer's disease. The results of our study show that the levels of the BNP were significantly different between the three types of diagnoses (p < 0.05), whereby subjects with mild cognitive impairment had the lowest mean BNP value, and healthy subjects had the highest BNP value. Importantly, our results show that the levels of the BNP are influenced by the presence of at least one APOE4 allele in the healthy (p < 0.05) and in the Alzheimer's disease groups of subjects (p < 0.1). As the levels of the BNP appear to be independent of the APOE4 genotype in subjects with mild cognitive impairment, the results of our study support inclusion of measurements of plasma levels of the BNP in the list of the core Alzheimer's disease biomarkers for identification of the mild cognitive impairment group of patients. In addition, the results of our study warrant further investigations into molecular links between Alzheimer's disease-type cognitive decline and cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edin Begic
- Department of Pharmacology, Sarajevo Medical School, Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital "Prim.Dr. Abdulah Nakas", Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Suncica Hadzidedic
- Computer Science and Information Systems Department, Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ajla Kulaglic
- Computer Science and Information Systems Department, Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Belma Ramic-Brkic
- Computer Science and Information Systems Department, Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Zijo Begic
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Clinical Center, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mirsada Causevic
- Department of Pharmacology, Sarajevo Medical School, Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- * E-mail:
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61
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Westwood S, Baird AL, Hye A, Ashton NJ, Nevado-Holgado AJ, Anand SN, Liu B, Newby D, Bazenet C, Kiddle SJ, Ward M, Newton B, Desai K, Tan Hehir C, Zanette M, Galimberti D, Parnetti L, Lleó A, Baker S, Narayan VA, van der Flier WM, Scheltens P, Teunissen CE, Visser PJ, Lovestone S. Plasma Protein Biomarkers for the Prediction of CSF Amyloid and Tau and [ 18F]-Flutemetamol PET Scan Result. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:409. [PMID: 30618716 PMCID: PMC6297196 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Blood biomarkers may aid in recruitment to clinical trials of Alzheimer's disease (AD) modifying therapeutics by triaging potential trials participants for amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ and tau tests. Objective: To discover a plasma proteomic signature associated with CSF and PET measures of AD pathology. Methods: Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) based proteomics were performed in plasma from participants with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD, recruited to the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort, stratified by CSF Tau/Aβ42 (n = 50). Technical replication and independent validation were performed by immunoassay in plasma from SCD, MCI, and AD participants recruited to the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort with CSF measures (n = 100), MCI participants enrolled in the GE067-005 study with [18F]-Flutemetamol PET amyloid measures (n = 173), and AD, MCI and cognitively healthy participants from the EMIF 500 study with CSF Aβ42 measurements (n = 494). Results: 25 discovery proteins were nominally associated with CSF Tau/Aβ42 (P < 0.05) with associations of ficolin-2 (FCN2), apolipoprotein C-IV and fibrinogen β chain confirmed by immunoassay (P < 0.05). In the GE067-005 cohort, FCN2 was nominally associated with PET amyloid (P < 0.05) replicating the association with CSF Tau/Aβ42. There were nominally significant associations of complement component 3 with PET amyloid, and apolipoprotein(a), apolipoprotein A-I, ceruloplasmin, and PPY with MCI conversion to AD (all P < 0.05). In the EMIF 500 cohort FCN2 was trending toward a significant relationship with CSF Aβ42 (P ≈ 0.05), while both A1AT and clusterin were nominally significantly associated with CSF Aβ42 (both P < 0.05). Conclusion: Associations of plasma proteins with multiple measures of AD pathology and progression are demonstrated. To our knowledge this is the first study to report an association of FCN2 with AD pathology. Further testing of the proteins in larger independent cohorts will be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Westwood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alison L. Baird
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Abdul Hye
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kigndom
- Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Ashton
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kigndom
- Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - Sneha N. Anand
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamine Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle Newby
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chantal Bazenet
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kigndom
| | - Steven J. Kiddle
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Ward
- Proteomics Facility, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Newton
- GE Healthcare Life Sciences Core Imaging, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keyur Desai
- Biosciences, GE Global Research, Niskayuna, NY, United States
| | | | - Michelle Zanette
- GE Healthcare Life Sciences Core Imaging, Marlborough, MA, United States
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Centro Dino Ferrari, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Center for Memory Disorders and Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Neurology Clinic, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susan Baker
- Janssen Neuroscience Research & Development, Titusville, NJ, United States
| | - Vaibhav A. Narayan
- Janssen Neuroscience Research & Development, Titusville, NJ, United States
| | - Wiesje M. van der Flier
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Lab and Biobank, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Mahinrad S, Bulk M, van der Velpen I, Mahfouz A, van Roon-Mom W, Fedarko N, Yasar S, Sabayan B, van Heemst D, van der Weerd L. Natriuretic Peptides in Post-mortem Brain Tissue and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Non-demented Humans and Alzheimer's Disease Patients. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:864. [PMID: 30534047 PMCID: PMC6275179 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal studies suggest the involvement of natriuretic peptides (NP) in several brain functions that are known to be disturbed during Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it remains unclear whether such findings extend to humans. In this study, we aimed to: (1) map the gene expression and localization of NP and their receptors (NPR) in human post-mortem brain tissue; (2) compare the relative amounts of NP and NPR between the brain tissue of AD patients and non-demented controls, and (3) compare the relative amounts of NP between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AD patients and non-demented controls. Using the publicly available Allen Human Brain Atlas dataset, we mapped the gene expression of NP and NPR in healthy humans. Using immunohistochemistry, we visualized the localization of NP and NPR in the frontal cortex of AD patients (n = 10, mean age 85.8 ± 6.2 years) and non-demented controls (mean age = 80.2 ± 9.1 years). Using Western blotting and ELISA, we quantified the relative amounts of NP and NPR in the brain tissue and CSF of these AD patients and non-demented controls. Our results showed that NP and NPR genes were ubiquitously expressed throughout the brain in healthy humans. NP and NPR were present in various cellular structures including in neurons, astrocyte-like structures, and cerebral vessels in both AD patients and non-demented controls. Furthermore, we found higher amounts of NPR type-A in the brain of AD patients (p = 0.045) and lower amounts of NP type-B in the CSF of AD patients (p = 0.029). In conclusion, this study shows the abundance of NP and NPR in the brain of humans suggesting involvement of NP in various brain functions. In addition, our findings suggest alterations of NP levels in the brain of AD patients. The role of NP in the development and progression of AD remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Mahinrad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Marjolein Bulk
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Percuros BV, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Isabelle van der Velpen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ahmed Mahfouz
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Willeke van Roon-Mom
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Neal Fedarko
- Clinical Research Core Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sevil Yasar
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Behnam Sabayan
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Louise van der Weerd
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Gangishetti U, Christina Howell J, Perrin RJ, Louneva N, Watts KD, Kollhoff A, Grossman M, Wolk DA, Shaw LM, Morris JC, Trojanowski JQ, Fagan AM, Arnold SE, Hu WT. Non-beta-amyloid/tau cerebrospinal fluid markers inform staging and progression in Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2018; 10:98. [PMID: 30253800 PMCID: PMC6156847 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuropathologic changes involving beta-amyloid (Aβ), tau, neuronal loss, and other associated biological events. While levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ and tau peptides have enhanced the antemortem detection of AD-specific changes, these two markers poorly reflect the severity of cognitive and functional deficits in people with altered Aβ and tau levels. While multiple previous studies identified non-Aβ, non-tau proteins as candidate neurodegenerative markers to inform the A/T/N biomarker scheme of AD, few have advanced beyond association with clinical AD diagnosis. Here we analyzed nine promising neurodegenerative markers in a three-centered cohort using independent assays to identify candidates most likely to complement Aβ and tau in the A/T/N framework. Methods CSF samples from 125 subjects recruited at the three centers were exchanged such that each of the nine previously identified biomarkers can be measured at one of the three centers. Subjects were classified according to cognitive status and CSF AD biomarker profiles as having normal cognition and normal CSF (n = 31), normal cognition and CSF consistent with AD (n = 13), mild cognitive impairment and normal CSF (n = 13), mild cognitive impairment with CSF consistent with AD (n = 23), AD dementia (n = 32; CSF consistent with AD), and other non-AD dementia (n = 13; CSF not consistent with AD). Results Three biomarkers were identified to differ among the AD stages, including neurofilament light chain (NfL; p < 0.001), fatty acid binding protein 3 (Fabp3; p < 0.001), and interleukin (IL)-10 (p = 0.033). Increased NfL levels were most strongly associated with the dementia stage of AD, but increased Fabp3 levels were more sensitive to milder AD stages and correlated with both CSF tau markers. IL-10 levels did not correlate with tau biomarkers, but were associated with rates of longitudinal cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment due to AD (p = 0.006). Prefreezing centrifugation did not influence measured CSF biomarker levels. Conclusion CSF proteins associated with AD clinical stages and progression can complement Aβ and tau markers to inform neurodegeneration. A validated panel inclusive of multiple biomarker features (etiology, stage, progression) can improve AD phenotyping along the A/T/N framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Gangishetti
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, 505F, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - J Christina Howell
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, 505F, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard J Perrin
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Pathology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Natalia Louneva
- Department of Pathology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kelly D Watts
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, 505F, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Alexander Kollhoff
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, 505F, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Penn FTD Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David A Wolk
- Penn Memory Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Penn Memory Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anne M Fagan
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Penn Memory Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Present Address: Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William T Hu
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, 505F, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. .,Department of Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Yao F, Hong X, Li S, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Du W, Wang Y, Ni J. Urine-Based Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease Identified Through Coupling Computational and Experimental Methods. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 65:421-431. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-180261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yao
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hong
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuiming Li
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Du
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiazuan Ni
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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65
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Lane EM, Hohman TJ, Jefferson AL. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 interactions with Alzheimer's disease biomarkers. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 11:1779-1786. [PMID: 27817134 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9636-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) have been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and brain atrophy. Some evidence suggests a potential synergistic effect of IGFBP-2 and AD neuropathology on neurodegeneration, while other evidence suggests the effect of IGFBP-2 on neurodegeneration is independent of AD neuropathology. Therefore, the current study investigated the interaction between plasma IGFBP-2 and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD neuropathology on hippocampal volume and cognitive function. AD Neuroimaging Initiative data were accessed (n = 354, 75 ± 7 years, 38 % female), including plasma IGFBP-2, CSF total tau, CSF Aβ-42, MRI-quantified hippocampal volume, and neuropsychological performances. Mixed effects regression models evaluated the interaction between IGFBP-2 and AD biomarkers on hippocampal volume and neuropsychological performance, adjusting for age, sex, education, APOE ε4 status, and cognitive diagnosis. A baseline interaction between IGFBP-2 and CSF Aβ-42 was observed in relation to left (t(305) = -6.37, p = 0.002) and right hippocampal volume (t(305) = -7.74, p = 0.001). In both cases, higher IGFBP-2 levels were associated with smaller hippocampal volumes but only among amyloid negative individuals. The observed interaction suggests IGFBP-2 drives neurodegeneration through a separate pathway independent of AD neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Lane
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1207 17th Avenue South, Suite 204, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1207 17th Avenue South, Suite 204, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Angela L Jefferson
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1207 17th Avenue South, Suite 204, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
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66
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Lewczuk P, Riederer P, O’Bryant SE, Verbeek MM, Dubois B, Visser PJ, Jellinger KA, Engelborghs S, Ramirez A, Parnetti L, Jack CR, Teunissen CE, Hampel H, Lleó A, Jessen F, Glodzik L, de Leon MJ, Fagan AM, Molinuevo JL, Jansen WJ, Winblad B, Shaw LM, Andreasson U, Otto M, Mollenhauer B, Wiltfang J, Turner MR, Zerr I, Handels R, Thompson AG, Johansson G, Ermann N, Trojanowski JQ, Karaca I, Wagner H, Oeckl P, van Waalwijk van Doorn L, Bjerke M, Kapogiannis D, Kuiperij HB, Farotti L, Li Y, Gordon BA, Epelbaum S, Vos SJB, Klijn CJM, Van Nostrand WE, Minguillon C, Schmitz M, Gallo C, Mato AL, Thibaut F, Lista S, Alcolea D, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Kornhuber J, Riederer P, Gallo C, Kapogiannis D, Mato AL, Thibaut F. Cerebrospinal fluid and blood biomarkers for neurodegenerative dementias: An update of the Consensus of the Task Force on Biological Markers in Psychiatry of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018; 19:244-328. [PMID: 29076399 PMCID: PMC5916324 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1375556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the 12 years since the publication of the first Consensus Paper of the WFSBP on biomarkers of neurodegenerative dementias, enormous advancement has taken place in the field, and the Task Force takes now the opportunity to extend and update the original paper. New concepts of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the conceptual interactions between AD and dementia due to AD were developed, resulting in two sets for diagnostic/research criteria. Procedures for pre-analytical sample handling, biobanking, analyses and post-analytical interpretation of the results were intensively studied and optimised. A global quality control project was introduced to evaluate and monitor the inter-centre variability in measurements with the goal of harmonisation of results. Contexts of use and how to approach candidate biomarkers in biological specimens other than cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), e.g. blood, were precisely defined. Important development was achieved in neuroimaging techniques, including studies comparing amyloid-β positron emission tomography results to fluid-based modalities. Similarly, development in research laboratory technologies, such as ultra-sensitive methods, raises our hopes to further improve analytical and diagnostic accuracy of classic and novel candidate biomarkers. Synergistically, advancement in clinical trials of anti-dementia therapies energises and motivates the efforts to find and optimise the most reliable early diagnostic modalities. Finally, the first studies were published addressing the potential of cost-effectiveness of the biomarkers-based diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, and Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Peter Riederer
- Center of Mental Health, Clinic and Policlinic of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sid E. O’Bryant
- Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Marcel M. Verbeek
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Salpêtrièrie Hospital, INSERM UMR-S 975 (ICM), Paris 6 University, Paris, France
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Section of Neurology, Center for Memory Disturbances, Lab of Clinical Neurochemistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Lab and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harald Hampel
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Spain
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Lidia Glodzik
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mony J. de Leon
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne M. Fagan
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Barcelonabeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Willemijn J. Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel and University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Neurology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- iBiMED, Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Martin R. Turner
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Inga Zerr
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Clinical Dementia Centre, Department of Neurology, University Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ron Handels
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Gunilla Johansson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Natalia Ermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ilker Karaca
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Holger Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Patrick Oeckl
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Linda van Waalwijk van Doorn
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Bjerke
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - H. Bea Kuiperij
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia Farotti
- Section of Neurology, Center for Memory Disturbances, Lab of Clinical Neurochemistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Yi Li
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian A. Gordon
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stéphane Epelbaum
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Salpêtrièrie Hospital, INSERM UMR-S 975 (ICM), Paris 6 University, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie J. B. Vos
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina J. M. Klijn
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carolina Minguillon
- Barcelonabeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthias Schmitz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Clinical Dementia Centre, Department of Neurology, University Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carla Gallo
- Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares/Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Andrea Lopez Mato
- Chair of Psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology, Maimonides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florence Thibaut
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Cochin-Site Tarnier 89 rue d’Assas, INSERM 894, Faculty of Medicine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Simone Lista
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Spain
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Maudsley S, Devanarayan V, Martin B, Geerts H. Intelligent and effective informatic deconvolution of “Big Data” and its future impact on the quantitative nature of neurodegenerative disease therapy. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14:961-975. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Maudsley
- Department of Biomedical ResearchUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- VIB Center for Molecular NeurologyAntwerpBelgium
| | | | - Bronwen Martin
- Department of Biomedical ResearchUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
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Lista S, Zetterberg H, O'Bryant SE, Blennow K, Hampel H. Evolving Relevance of Neuroproteomics in Alzheimer's Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1598:101-115. [PMID: 28508359 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6952-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Substantial progress in the understanding of the biology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been achieved over the past decades. The early detection and diagnosis of AD and other age-related neurodegenerative diseases, however, remain a challenging scientific frontier. Therefore, the comprehensive discovery (relating to all individual, converging or diverging biochemical disease mechanisms), development, validation, and qualification of standardized biological markers with diagnostic and prognostic functions with a precise performance profile regarding specificity, sensitivity, and positive and negative predictive value are warranted.Methodological innovations in the area of exploratory high-throughput technologies, such as sequencing, microarrays, and mass spectrometry-based analyses of proteins/peptides, have led to the generation of large global molecular datasets from a multiplicity of biological systems, such as biological fluids, cells, tissues, and organs. Such methodological progress has shifted the attention to the execution of hypothesis-independent comprehensive exploratory analyses (opposed to the classical hypothesis-driven candidate approach), with the aim of fully understanding the biological systems in physiology and disease as a whole. The systems biology paradigm integrates experimental biology with accurate and rigorous computational modelling to describe and foresee the dynamic features of biological systems. The use of dynamically evolving technological platforms, including mass spectrometry, in the area of proteomics has enabled to rush the process of biomarker discovery and validation for refining significantly the diagnosis of AD. Currently, proteomics-which is part of the systems biology paradigm-is designated as one of the dominant matured sciences needed for the effective exploratory discovery of prospective biomarker candidates expected to play an effective role in aiding the early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy development in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lista
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France. .,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et dela moelle (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), HôpitalPitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France.
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Sid E O'Bryant
- Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,The Torsten Söderberg Professorship in Medicine at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harald Hampel
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A) & Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France; Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
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69
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Cushman M, Callas PW, McClure LA, Unverzagt FW, Howard VJ, Gillett SR, Thacker EL, Wadley VG. N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and Risk of Future Cognitive Impairment in the REGARDS Cohort. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 54:497-503. [PMID: 27567834 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improved understanding of the etiology of cognitive impairment is needed to develop effective preventive interventions. Higher amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a biomarker of cardiac dysfunction associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases and stroke in apparently healthy people. OBJECTIVE To study the association of NT-proBNP with risk of incident cognitive impairment. METHODS The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke is a national cohort study of 30,239 black and white Americans age 45 and older at baseline, enrolled in 2003-7. Among participants without prebaseline stroke or cognitive impairment, baseline NT-proBNP was measured in 470 cases of incident cognitive impairment and 557 controls. Cases were participants scoring below the 6th percentile of demographically-adjusted means on at least 2 of 3 serially administered tests (word list learning, word list recall and semantic fluency) over 3.5 years follow-up. RESULTS Adjusting for age, gender, race, region of residence, education, and income, there was an increased odds ratio of incident cognitive impairment with increasing NT-proBNP; participants in the 4th versus 1st quartile (>127 versus ≤33 pg/ml) had a 1.69-fold increased odds (95% CI 1.11-2.58). Adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and presence of an apolipoprotein E4 allele had no substantial impact on the odds ratio. Results did not differ by age, race, gender, or presence of an apolipoprotein E4 allele. CONCLUSION Higher NT-pro-BNP was associated with incident cognitive impairment in this prospective study, independent of atherogenic and Alzheimer's disease risk factors. Future work should clarify pathophysiologic connections of NT-proBNP and cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Cushman
- Department of Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Vermont, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Pathology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Vermont, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Peter W Callas
- Department of Biometry, and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Vermont, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Leslie A McClure
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frederick W Unverzagt
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Virginia J Howard
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sarah R Gillett
- Department of Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Vermont, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Evan L Thacker
- Department of Health Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Virginia G Wadley
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Nday CM, Eleftheriadou D, Jackson G. Shared pathological pathways of Alzheimer's disease with specific comorbidities: current perspectives and interventions. J Neurochem 2018; 144:360-389. [PMID: 29164610 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) belongs to one of the most multifactorial, complex and heterogeneous morbidity-leading disorders. Despite the extensive research in the field, AD pathogenesis is still at some extend obscure. Mechanisms linking AD with certain comorbidities, namely diabetes mellitus, obesity and dyslipidemia, are increasingly gaining importance, mainly because of their potential role in promoting AD development and exacerbation. Their exact cognitive impairment trajectories, however, remain to be fully elucidated. The current review aims to offer a clear and comprehensive description of the state-of-the-art approaches focused on generating in-depth knowledge regarding the overlapping pathology of AD and its concomitant ailments. Thorough understanding of associated alterations on a number of molecular, metabolic and hormonal pathways, will contribute to the further development of novel and integrated theranostics, as well as targeted interventions that may be beneficial for individuals with age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane M Nday
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despoina Eleftheriadou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Graham Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa
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Martins RN, Villemagne V, Sohrabi HR, Chatterjee P, Shah TM, Verdile G, Fraser P, Taddei K, Gupta VB, Rainey-Smith SR, Hone E, Pedrini S, Lim WL, Martins I, Frost S, Gupta S, O’Bryant S, Rembach A, Ames D, Ellis K, Fuller SJ, Brown B, Gardener SL, Fernando B, Bharadwaj P, Burnham S, Laws SM, Barron AM, Goozee K, Wahjoepramono EJ, Asih PR, Doecke JD, Salvado O, Bush AI, Rowe CC, Gandy SE, Masters CL. Alzheimer's Disease: A Journey from Amyloid Peptides and Oxidative Stress, to Biomarker Technologies and Disease Prevention Strategies-Gains from AIBL and DIAN Cohort Studies. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 62:965-992. [PMID: 29562546 PMCID: PMC5870031 DOI: 10.3233/jad-171145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide there are over 46 million people living with dementia, and this number is expected to double every 20 years reaching about 131 million by 2050. The cost to the community and government health systems, as well as the stress on families and carers is incalculable. Over three decades of research into this disease have been undertaken by several research groups in Australia, including work by our original research group in Western Australia which was involved in the discovery and sequencing of the amyloid-β peptide (also known as Aβ or A4 peptide) extracted from cerebral amyloid plaques. This review discusses the journey from the discovery of the Aβ peptide in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain to the establishment of pre-clinical AD using PET amyloid tracers, a method now serving as the gold standard for developing peripheral diagnostic approaches in the blood and the eye. The latter developments for early diagnosis have been largely achieved through the establishment of the Australian Imaging Biomarker and Lifestyle research group that has followed 1,100 Australians for 11 years. AIBL has also been instrumental in providing insight into the role of the major genetic risk factor apolipoprotein E ɛ4, as well as better understanding the role of lifestyle factors particularly diet, physical activity and sleep to cognitive decline and the accumulation of cerebral Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph N. Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth WA, Australia
- KaRa Institute of Neurological Diseases, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Victor Villemagne
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hamid R. Sohrabi
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth WA, Australia
- KaRa Institute of Neurological Diseases, Sydney NSW, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Pratishtha Chatterjee
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- KaRa Institute of Neurological Diseases, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Tejal M. Shah
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Paul Fraser
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin Taddei
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Veer B. Gupta
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Eugene Hone
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Steve Pedrini
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Wei Ling Lim
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Ian Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Shaun Frost
- CSIRO Australian e-Health Research Centre/Health and Biosecurity, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sunil Gupta
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- KaRa Institute of Neurological Diseases, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Sid O’Bryant
- University of North Texas Health Science Centre, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Alan Rembach
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, St George’s Hospital, Kew, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn Ellis
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie J. Fuller
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Belinda Brown
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Samantha L. Gardener
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Binosha Fernando
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Prashant Bharadwaj
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Samantha Burnham
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- eHealth, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon M. Laws
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics Group, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Anna M. Barron
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth WA, Australia
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Kathryn Goozee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth WA, Australia
- KaRa Institute of Neurological Diseases, Sydney NSW, Australia
- Anglicare, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Eka J. Wahjoepramono
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Prita R. Asih
- KaRa Institute of Neurological Diseases, Sydney NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - James D. Doecke
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian E-Health Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Olivier Salvado
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian E-Health Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashley I. Bush
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher C. Rowe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Samuel E. Gandy
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Colin L. Masters
- Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
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Kelly MP. Cyclic nucleotide signaling changes associated with normal aging and age-related diseases of the brain. Cell Signal 2018; 42:281-291. [PMID: 29175000 PMCID: PMC5732030 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Deficits in brain function that are associated with aging and age-related diseases benefit very little from currently available therapies, suggesting a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is needed to develop improved drugs. Here, we review the literature to test the hypothesis that a break down in cyclic nucleotide signaling at the level of synthesis, execution, and/or degradation may contribute to these deficits. A number of findings have been reported in both the human and animal model literature that point to brain region-specific changes in Galphas (a.k.a. Gαs or Gsα), adenylyl cyclase, 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, protein kinase A (PKA), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac), hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (HCNs), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), soluble and particulate guanylyl cyclase, 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), protein kinase G (PKG) and phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Among the most reproducible findings are 1) elevated circulating ANP and BNP levels being associated with cognitive dysfunction or dementia independent of cardiovascular effects, 2) reduced basal and/or NMDA-stimulated cGMP levels in brain with aging or Alzheimer's disease (AD), 3) reduced adenylyl cyclase activity in hippocampus and specific cortical regions with aging or AD, 4) reduced expression/activity of PKA in temporal cortex and hippocampus with AD, 5) reduced phosphorylation of CREB in hippocampus with aging or AD, 6) reduced expression/activity of the PDE4 family in brain with aging, 7) reduced expression of PDE10A in the striatum with Huntington's disease (HD) or Parkinson's disease, and 8) beneficial effects of select PDE inhibitors, particularly PDE10 inhibitors in HD models and PDE4 and PDE5 inhibitors in aging and AD models. Although these findings generally point to a reduction in cyclic nucleotide signaling being associated with aging and age-related diseases, there are exceptions. In particular, there is evidence for increased cAMP signaling specifically in aged prefrontal cortex, AD cerebral vessels, and PD hippocampus. Thus, if cyclic nucleotide signaling is going to be targeted effectively for therapeutic gain, it will have to be manipulated in a brain region-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michy P Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, VA Bldg 1, 3rd Floor, D-12, Columbia, SC 29209, United States.
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Marksteiner J, Blasko I, Kemmler G, Koal T, Humpel C. Bile acid quantification of 20 plasma metabolites identifies lithocholic acid as a putative biomarker in Alzheimer's disease. Metabolomics 2017; 14:1. [PMID: 29249916 PMCID: PMC5725507 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-017-1297-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is still a clear need for a widely available, inexpensive and reliable method to diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD) and monitor disease progression. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is a powerful analytic technique with a very high sensitivity and specificity. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study is to measure concentrations of 20 bile acids using the novel Kit from Biocrates Life Sciences based on LC-MS technique. METHODS Twenty bile acid metabolites were quantitatively measured in plasma of 30 cognitively healthy subjects, 20 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 30 patients suffering from AD. RESULTS Levels of lithocholic acid were significantly enhanced in plasma of AD patients (50 ± 6 nM, p = 0.004) compared to healthy controls (32 ± 3 nM). Lithocholic acid plasma levels of MCI patients (41 ± 4 nM) were not significantly different from healthy subjects or AD patients. Levels of glycochenodeoxycholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid and glycolithocholic acid were significantly higher in AD patients compared to MCI patients (p < 0.05). All other cholic acid metabolites were not significantly different between healthy subjects, MCI patients and AD patients. ROC analysis shows an overall accuracy of about 66%. Discriminant analysis was used to classify patients and we found that 15/23 were correctly diagnosed. We further showed that LCA levels increased by about 3.2 fold when healthy subjects converted to AD patients within a 8-9 year follow up period. Pathway analysis linked these changes to a putative toxic cholesterol pathway. CONCLUSION In conclusion, 4 bile acids may be useful to diagnose AD in plasma samples despite limitations in diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Marksteiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy A, General Hospital, Hall, Austria
| | - Imrich Blasko
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer's Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Kemmler
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer's Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Christian Humpel
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer's Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Garyfallou GZ, Ketebu O, Şahin S, Mukaetova-Ladinska EB, Catt M, Yu EH. Electrochemical Detection of Plasma Immunoglobulin as a Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17112464. [PMID: 29077013 PMCID: PMC5713623 DOI: 10.3390/s17112464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The clinical diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represent a challenge to clinicians due to the variability of clinical symptomatology as well as the unavailability of reliable diagnostic tests. In this study, the development of a novel electrochemical assay and its potential to detect peripheral blood biomarkers to diagnose AD using plasma immunoglobulins is investigated. The immunosensor employs a gold electrode as the immobilizing substrate, albumin depleted plasma immunoglobulin as the biomarker, and polyclonal rabbit Anti-human immunoglobulin (against IgA, IgG, IgM) as the receptor for plasma conjugation. The assay showed good response, sensitivity and reproducibility in differentiating plasma immunoglobulin from AD and control subjects down to 10−9 dilutions of plasma immunoglobulin representing plasma content concentrations in the pg mL−1 range. The newly developed assay is highly sensitive, less time consuming, easy to handle, can be easily modified to detect other dementia-related biomarkers in blood samples, and can be easily integrated into portable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goulielmos-Zois Garyfallou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advance Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Orlando Ketebu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advance Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Samet Şahin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advance Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11230 Bilecik, Turkey.
| | | | - Michael Catt
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Eileen Hao Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advance Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
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A blood-based biomarker panel indicates IL-10 and IL-12/23p40 are jointly associated as predictors of β-amyloid load in an AD cohort. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14057. [PMID: 29070909 PMCID: PMC5656630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterised by extracellular amyloid deposition as plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of tau protein. As no current clinical test can diagnose individuals at risk of developing AD, the aim of this project is to evaluate a blood-based biomarker panel to identify individuals who carry this risk. We analysed the levels of 22 biomarkers in clinically classified healthy controls (HC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s participants from the well characterised Australian Imaging, Biomarker and Lifestyle (AIBL) study of aging. High levels of IL-10 and IL-12/23p40 were significantly associated with amyloid deposition in HC, suggesting that these two biomarkers might be used to detect at risk individuals. Additionally, other biomarkers (Eotaxin-3, Leptin, PYY) exhibited altered levels in AD participants possessing the APOE ε4 allele. This suggests that the physiology of some potential biomarkers may be altered in AD due to the APOE ε4 allele, a major risk factor for AD. Taken together, these data highlight several potential biomarkers that can be used in a blood-based panel to allow earlier identification of individuals at risk of developing AD and/or early stage AD for which current therapies may be more beneficial.
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Rasmussen KL, Tybjærg‐Hansen A, Nordestgaard BG, Frikke‐Schmidt R. Plasma apolipoprotein E levels and risk of dementia: A Mendelian randomization study of 106,562 individuals. Alzheimers Dement 2017; 14:71-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrine L. Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Herlev Denmark
- Copenhagen University Hospital Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Anne Tybjærg‐Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Herlev Denmark
- Copenhagen University Hospital Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study Frederiksberg Hospital Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- The Copenhagen General Population Study Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Herlev Denmark
- Copenhagen University Hospital Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study Frederiksberg Hospital Frederiksberg Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Herlev Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke‐Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Herlev Denmark
- Copenhagen University Hospital Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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Jammeh E, Zhao P, Carroll C, Pearson S, Ifeachor E. Identification of blood biomarkers for use in point of care diagnosis tool for Alzheimer's disease. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2016:2415-2418. [PMID: 28268812 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7591217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is widely regarded as necessary to allow treatment to be started before irreversible damage to the brain occur and for patients to benefit from new therapies as they become available. Low-cost point-of-care (PoC) diagnostic tools that can be used to routinely diagnose AD in its early stage would facilitate this, but such tools require reliable and accurate biomarkers. However, traditional biomarkers for AD use invasive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and/or expensive neuroimaging techniques together with neuropsychological assessments. Blood-based PoC diagnostics tools may provide a more cost and time efficient way to assess AD to complement CSF and neuroimaging techniques. However, evidence to date suggests that only a panel of biomarkers would provide the diagnostic accuracy needed in clinical practice and that the number of biomarkers in such panels can be large. In addition, the biomarkers in a panel vary from study to study. These issues make it difficult to realise a PoC device for diagnosis of AD. An objective of this paper is to find an optimum number of blood biomarkers (in terms of number of biomarkers and sensitivity/specificity) that can be used in a handheld PoC device for AD diagnosis. We used the Alzheimer's disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database to identify a small number of blood biomarkers for AD. We identified a 6-biomarker panel (which includes A1Micro, A2Macro, AAT, ApoE, complement C3 and PPP), which when used with age as covariate, was able to discriminate between AD patients and normal subjects with a sensitivity of 85.4% and specificity of 78.6%.
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Meng Y, Volpini M, Black S, Lozano AM, Hynynen K, Lipsman N. Focused ultrasound as a novel strategy for Alzheimer disease therapeutics. Ann Neurol 2017; 81:611-617. [PMID: 28395123 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Meng
- Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Volpini
- Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra Black
- Division of Neurology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andres M Lozano
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kullervo Hynynen
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nir Lipsman
- Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Myeloperoxidase-immunoreactive cells are significantly increased in brain areas affected by neurodegeneration in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 369:445-454. [PMID: 28466093 PMCID: PMC5579172 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2626-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a key enzyme in inflammatory and degenerative processes, although conflicting reports have been presented concerning its expression in the brain. We studied the cellular localization of MPO and compared numbers of MPO cells in various brain regions between neurologically healthy individuals and patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) or Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 10-25). We also investigated two rodent PD models. MPO immunoreactivity (ir) was detected in monocytes, perivascular macrophages and amoeboid microglia in the human brain parenchyma, whereas no co-localization with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) ir was observed. In the midbrain, caudate and putamen, we found a significant increase of MPO-immunoreactive cells in PD compared with control brains, whereas in the cerebellum, no difference was apparent. MPO ir was detected neither in neurons nor in occasional small beta-amyloid-immunoreactive plaques in PD or control cases. In the frontal cortex of AD patients, we found significantly more MPO-immunoreactive cells compared with control cases, together with intense MPO ir in extracellular plaques. In the hippocampus of several AD cases, MPO-like ir was observed in some pyramidal neurons. Neither rapid dopamine depletion in the rat PD model, nor slow degeneration of dopamine neurons in MitoPark mice induced the expression of MPO ir in any brain region. MPO mRNA was not detectable with radioactive in situ hybridization in any human or rodent brain area, although myeloid cells from bone marrow displayed clear MPO signals. Our results indicate significant increases of MPO-immunoreactive cells in brain regions affected by neurodegeneration in PD and AD, supporting investigations of MPO inhibitors in novel treatment strategies.
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Altered levels of blood proteins in Alzheimer's disease longitudinal study: Results from Australian Imaging Biomarkers Lifestyle Study of Ageing cohort. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2017; 8:60-72. [PMID: 28508031 PMCID: PMC5423327 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A blood-based biomarker panel to identify individuals with preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) would be an inexpensive and accessible first step for routine testing. METHODS We analyzed 14 biomarkers that have previously been linked to AD in the Australian Imaging Biomarkers lifestyle longitudinal study of aging cohort. RESULTS Levels of apolipoprotein J (apoJ) were higher in AD individuals compared with healthy controls at baseline and 18 months (P = .0003) and chemokine-309 (I-309) were increased in AD patients compared to mild cognitive impaired individuals over 36 months (P = .0008). DISCUSSION These data suggest that apoJ may have potential in the context of use (COU) of AD diagnostics, I-309 may be specifically useful in the COU of identifying individuals at greatest risk for progressing toward AD. This work takes an initial step toward identifying blood biomarkers with potential use in the diagnosis and prognosis of AD and should be validated across other prospective cohorts.
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Oberacher H, Arnhard K, Linhart C, Diwo A, Marksteiner J, Humpel C. Targeted Metabolomic Analysis of Soluble Lysates from Platelets of Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease Compared to Healthy Controls: Is PC aeC40:4 a Promising Diagnostic Tool? J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 57:493-504. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Oberacher
- Department of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kathrin Arnhard
- Department of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Caroline Linhart
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Angela Diwo
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy A, Hall State Hospital, Austria
| | - Josef Marksteiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy A, Hall State Hospital, Austria
| | - Christian Humpel
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer’s Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
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82
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Keshavan A, Heslegrave A, Zetterberg H, Schott JM. Blood Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: Much Promise, Cautious Progress. Mol Diagn Ther 2017; 21:13-22. [PMID: 27738910 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-016-0241-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have the potential to allow early and more accurate diagnosis, predict disease progression, stratify individuals and track response to candidate therapies in drug trials. The first fluid biomarkers reflecting aspects of AD neuropathology were identified in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the 1990s. Three CSF biomarkers (amyloid-β 1-42, total tau and phospho-tau) have consistently been shown to have diagnostic utility and are incorporated into the new diagnostic criteria for AD. These markers have also been shown in longitudinal studies to predict conversion of mild cognitive impairment to AD. However, a key issue with the use of CSF biomarkers as a screening test is the invasiveness of lumbar puncture. Over the last 20 years there has been an active quest for blood biomarkers, which could be easily acquired and tested repeatedly throughout the disease course. One approach to identifying such markers is to attempt to measure candidates that have already been identified in CSF. Until recently, this approach has been limited by assay sensitivity, but newer platforms now allow single molecule-level detection. Another approach is identification of candidates in large multiplex panels that allow for multiple analytes to be quantified in parallel. While both approaches show promise, to date no blood-based biomarker or combination of biomarkers has sufficient predictive value to have utility in clinical practice. In this review, an overview of promising blood protein candidates is provided, and the challenges of validating and converting these into practicable tests are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashvini Keshavan
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Box 16, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Amanda Heslegrave
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Box 16, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
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83
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Counts SE, Ikonomovic MD, Mercado N, Vega IE, Mufson EJ. Biomarkers for the Early Detection and Progression of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2017; 14:35-53. [PMID: 27738903 PMCID: PMC5233625 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-016-0481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent failures of potential disease-modifying drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD) may reflect the fact that the enrolled participants in clinical trials are already too advanced to derive a clinical benefit. Thus, well-validated biomarkers for the early detection and accurate diagnosis of the preclinical stages of AD will be crucial for therapeutic advancement. The combinatorial use of biomarkers derived from biological fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), with advanced molecular imaging and neuropsychological testing may eventually achieve the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity necessary to identify people in the earliest stages of the disease when drug modification is most likely possible. In this regard, positive amyloid or tau tracer retention on positron emission tomography imaging, low CSF concentrations of the amyloid-β 1-42 peptide, high CSF concentrations in total tau and phospho-tau, mesial temporal lobe atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging, and temporoparietal/precuneus hypometabolism or hypoperfusion on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography have all emerged as biomarkers for the progression to AD. However, the ultimate AD biomarker panel will likely involve the inclusion of novel CSF and blood biomarkers more precisely associated with confirmed pathophysiologic mechanisms to improve its reliability for detecting preclinical AD. This review highlights advancements in biological fluid and imaging biomarkers that are moving the field towards achieving the goal of a preclinical detection of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Counts
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Milos D Ikonomovic
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Natosha Mercado
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Irving E Vega
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Elliott J Mufson
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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Ardura-Fabregat A, Boddeke EWGM, Boza-Serrano A, Brioschi S, Castro-Gomez S, Ceyzériat K, Dansokho C, Dierkes T, Gelders G, Heneka MT, Hoeijmakers L, Hoffmann A, Iaccarino L, Jahnert S, Kuhbandner K, Landreth G, Lonnemann N, Löschmann PA, McManus RM, Paulus A, Reemst K, Sanchez-Caro JM, Tiberi A, Van der Perren A, Vautheny A, Venegas C, Webers A, Weydt P, Wijasa TS, Xiang X, Yang Y. Targeting Neuroinflammation to Treat Alzheimer's Disease. CNS Drugs 2017; 31:1057-1082. [PMID: 29260466 PMCID: PMC5747579 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-017-0483-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, research on Alzheimer's disease (AD) has focused on pathomechanisms linked to two of the major pathological hallmarks of extracellular deposition of beta-amyloid peptides and intra-neuronal formation of neurofibrils. Recently, a third disease component, the neuroinflammatory reaction mediated by cerebral innate immune cells, has entered the spotlight, prompted by findings from genetic, pre-clinical, and clinical studies. Various proteins that arise during neurodegeneration, including beta-amyloid, tau, heat shock proteins, and chromogranin, among others, act as danger-associated molecular patterns, that-upon engagement of pattern recognition receptors-induce inflammatory signaling pathways and ultimately lead to the production and release of immune mediators. These may have beneficial effects but ultimately compromise neuronal function and cause cell death. The current review, assembled by participants of the Chiclana Summer School on Neuroinflammation 2016, provides an overview of our current understanding of AD-related immune processes. We describe the principal cellular and molecular players in inflammation as they pertain to AD, examine modifying factors, and discuss potential future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ardura-Fabregat
- grid.5963.9Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - E. W. G. M. Boddeke
- 0000 0004 0407 1981grid.4830.fDepartment of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A. Boza-Serrano
- 0000 0001 0930 2361grid.4514.4Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Biomedical Centrum (BMC), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - S. Brioschi
- grid.5963.9Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S. Castro-Gomez
- 0000 0000 8786 803Xgrid.15090.3dDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Gerontopsychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - K. Ceyzériat
- grid.457334.2Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut de biologie François Jacob, MIRCen, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France ,0000 0001 2171 2558grid.5842.bNeurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, UMR 9199, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - C. Dansokho
- 0000 0004 0438 0426grid.424247.3German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund Freud Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - T. Dierkes
- 0000 0004 0438 0426grid.424247.3German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund Freud Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,0000 0000 8786 803Xgrid.15090.3dBiomedical Centre, Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - G. Gelders
- 0000 0001 0668 7884grid.5596.fDepartment of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael T. Heneka
- 0000 0004 0438 0426grid.424247.3German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund Freud Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,0000 0000 8786 803Xgrid.15090.3dDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Gerontopsychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - L. Hoeijmakers
- 0000000084992262grid.7177.6Center for Neuroscience (SILS-CNS), Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Hoffmann
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - L. Iaccarino
- grid.15496.3fVita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy ,0000000417581884grid.18887.3eIn Vivo Human Molecular and Structural Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - S. Jahnert
- 0000 0000 8786 803Xgrid.15090.3dDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Gerontopsychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - K. Kuhbandner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - G. Landreth
- 0000 0001 2287 3919grid.257413.6Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - N. Lonnemann
- 0000 0001 1090 0254grid.6738.aDepartment of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - R. M. McManus
- 0000 0004 0438 0426grid.424247.3German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund Freud Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - A. Paulus
- 0000 0001 0930 2361grid.4514.4Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Biomedical Centrum (BMC), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - K. Reemst
- 0000000084992262grid.7177.6Center for Neuroscience (SILS-CNS), Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. M. Sanchez-Caro
- 0000 0004 0438 0426grid.424247.3German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund Freud Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - A. Tiberi
- grid.6093.cBio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - A. Van der Perren
- 0000 0001 0668 7884grid.5596.fDepartment of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A. Vautheny
- grid.457334.2Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut de biologie François Jacob, MIRCen, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France ,0000 0001 2171 2558grid.5842.bNeurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, UMR 9199, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - C. Venegas
- 0000 0000 8786 803Xgrid.15090.3dDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Gerontopsychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - A. Webers
- 0000 0000 8786 803Xgrid.15090.3dDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Gerontopsychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - P. Weydt
- 0000 0000 8786 803Xgrid.15090.3dDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Gerontopsychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - T. S. Wijasa
- 0000 0004 0438 0426grid.424247.3German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund Freud Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - X. Xiang
- 0000 0004 1936 973Xgrid.5252.0Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany ,0000 0004 1936 973Xgrid.5252.0Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, 82152 Munich, Germany
| | - Y. Yang
- 0000 0001 0930 2361grid.4514.4Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Biomedical Centrum (BMC), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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85
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Timmons JA. Molecular Diagnostics of Ageing and Tackling Age-related Disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 38:67-80. [PMID: 27979318 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
As average life expectancy increases there is a greater focus on health-span and, in particular, how to treat or prevent chronic age-associated diseases. Therapies which were able to control 'biological age' with the aim of postponing chronic and costly diseases of old age require an entirely new approach to drug development. Molecular technologies and machine-learning methods have already yielded diagnostics that help guide cancer treatment and cardiovascular procedures. Discovery of valid and clinically informative diagnostics of human biological age (combined with disease-specific biomarkers) has the potential to alter current drug-discovery strategies, aid clinical trial recruitment and maximize healthy ageing. I will review some basic principles that govern the development of 'ageing' diagnostics, how such assays could be used during the drug-discovery or development process. Important logistical and statistical considerations are illustrated by reviewing recent biomarker activity in the field of Alzheimer's disease, as dementia represents the most pressing of priorities for the pharmaceutical industry, as well as the chronic disease in humans most associated with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Timmons
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, England; XRGenomics Ltd, Scion House, Stirlingshire, Scotland.
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86
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Abstract
Cytokines provide cells with the ability to communicate with one another and orchestrate complex multicellular behaviour. There is an emerging understanding of the role that cytokines play in normal homeostatic tissue function and how dysregulation of these cytokine networks is associated with pathological conditions. The central nervous system (CNS), where few blood-borne immune cells circulate, seems to be particularly vulnerable to dysregulated cytokine networks. In degenerative diseases, such as proteopathies, CNS-resident cells are the predominant producers of pro-inflammatory cytokines. By contrast, in classical neuroinflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and encephalitides, pro-inflammatory cytokines are mainly produced by tissue-invading leukocytes. Whereas the effect of dysregulated cytokine networks in proteopathies is controversial, cytokines delivered to the CNS by invading immune cells are in general detrimental to the tissue. Here, we summarize recent observations on the impact of dysregulated cytokine networks in neuroinflammation.
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87
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Plasma levels of apolipoprotein E, APOE genotype and risk of dementia and ischemic heart disease: A review. Atherosclerosis 2016; 255:145-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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88
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Wyss-Coray T. Ageing, neurodegeneration and brain rejuvenation. Nature 2016; 539:180-186. [PMID: 27830812 PMCID: PMC5172605 DOI: 10.1038/nature20411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 664] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although systemic diseases take the biggest toll on human health and well-being, increasingly, a failing brain is the arbiter of a death preceded by a gradual loss of the essence of being. Ageing, which is fundamental to neurodegeneration and dementia, affects every organ in the body and seems to be encoded partly in a blood-based signature. Indeed, factors in the circulation have been shown to modulate ageing and to rejuvenate numerous organs, including the brain. The discovery of such factors, the identification of their origins and a deeper understanding of their functions is ushering in a new era in ageing and dementia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
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89
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Hemodynamic and serum cardiac markers and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 13:441-453. [PMID: 27770635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiac function is a key player in maintaining energy homeostasis in the brain. Heart failure is closely related to higher risk of neurocognitive disorders. Recent evidence shows that this relationship might not be limited to patients with advanced heart failure, and even suboptimal cardiac functioning is associated with accelerated brain aging. Hence, hemodynamic and serum cardiac markers may provide valuable information about the risk of dementia. METHODS We provide an overview on the link between cardiac markers and cognitive function by a systematic search in five databases. Furthermore, we discuss the pathophysiological aspects of this link and highlight the pertinent clinical and public health implications. RESULTS Increasing evidence supports the associations of hemodynamic and serum cardiac markers with accelerated cognitive decline. DISCUSSION Hemodynamic and serum cardiac markers are closely linked with risk of cognitive impairment. This highlights the significance of the heart-brain connection in reducing the burden of dementia.
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90
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Grewal R, Haghighi M, Huang S, Smith AG, Cao C, Lin X, Lee DC, Teten N, Hill AM, Selenica MLB. Identifying biomarkers of dementia prevalent among amnestic mild cognitively impaired ethnic female patients. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2016; 8:43. [PMID: 27756387 PMCID: PMC5067885 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-016-0211-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background There is a need to investigate biomarkers that are indicative of the progression of dementia in ethnic patient populations. The disparity of information in these populations has been the focus of many clinical and academic centers, including ours, to contribute to a higher success rate in clinical trials. In this study, we have investigated plasma biomarkers in amnestic mild cognitively impaired (aMCI) female patient cohorts in the context of ethnicity and cognitive status. Method A panel of 12 biomarkers involved in the progression of brain pathology, inflammation, and cardiovascular disorders were investigated in female cohorts of African American, Hispanic, and White aMCI patients. Both biochemical and algorithmic analyses were applied to correlate biomarker levels measured during the early stages of the disease for each ethnicity. Results We report elevated plasma Aβ40, Aβ42, YKL-40, and cystatin C levels in the Hispanic cohort at early aMCI status. In addition, elevated plasma Aβ40 levels were associated with the aMCI status in both White and African American patient cohorts by the decision tree algorithm. Eotaxin-1 levels, as determined by the decision tree algorithm and biochemically measured total tau levels, were associated with the aMCI status in the African American cohort. Conclusions Overall, our data displayed novel differences in the plasma biomarkers of the aMCI female cohorts where the plasma levels of several biomarkers distinguished between each ethnicity at an early aMCI stage. Identification of these plasma biomarkers encourages new areas of investigation among aMCI ethnic populations, including larger patient cohorts and longitudinal study designs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13195-016-0211-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinko Grewal
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Mona Haghighi
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Washington, 3900 Northeast Stevens Way, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Shuai Huang
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Washington, 3900 Northeast Stevens Way, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Amanda G Smith
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 3515 E Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Chuanhai Cao
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Lin
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Daniel C Lee
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Nancy Teten
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Angela M Hill
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA.,Department of Pharmacotherapeutics and Clinical Research, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Maj-Linda B Selenica
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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Nagae T, Araki K, Shimoda Y, Sue LI, Beach TG, Konishi Y. Cytokines and Cytokine Receptors Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL & CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 7:441. [PMID: 27895978 PMCID: PMC5123596 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899.1000441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory mechanisms are implicated in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it is unclear whether inflammatory alterations are a cause or consequence of neurodegeneration leading to dementia. Clarifying this issue would provide valuable insight into the early diagnosis and therapeutic management of AD. To address this, we compared the mRNA expression profiles of cytokines in the brains of AD patients with "non-demented individuals with AD pathology" and non-demented healthy control (ND) individuals. "Non-demented individuals with AD pathology" are referred to as high pathology control (HPC) individuals that are considered an intermediate subset between AD and ND. HPC represents a transition between normal aging and early stage of AD, and therefore, is useful for determining whether neuroinflammation is a cause or consequence of AD pathology. We observed that immunological conditions that produce cytokines in the HPC brain were more representative of ND than AD. To validate these result, we investigated the expression of inflammatory mediators at the protein level in postmortem brain tissues. We examined the protein expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and its receptors (TNFRs) in the brains of AD, HPC, and ND individuals. We found differences in soluble TNFα and TNFRs expression between AD and ND groups and between AD and HPC groups. Expression in the temporal cortex was lower in the AD brains than HPC and ND. Our findings indicate that alterations in immunological conditions involving TNFR-mediated signaling are not the primary events initiating AD pathology, such as amyloid plaques and tangle formation. These may be early events occurring along with synaptic and neuronal changes or later events caused by these changes. In this review, we emphasize that elucidating the temporal expression of TNFα signaling molecules during AD is important to understand the selective tuning of these pathways required to develop effective therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomone Nagae
- Department of Clinical Research, National Tottori Medical Center, Tottori 689-0203, Japan
| | - Kiho Araki
- Department of Clinical Research, National Tottori Medical Center, Tottori 689-0203, Japan
| | - Yuki Shimoda
- Department of Clinical Research, National Tottori Medical Center, Tottori 689-0203, Japan
| | - Lucia I. Sue
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, 85351, USA
| | - Thomas G. Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, 85351, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Konishi
- Department of Clinical Research, National Tottori Medical Center, Tottori 689-0203, Japan
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92
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Lista S, O'Bryant SE, Blennow K, Dubois B, Hugon J, Zetterberg H, Hampel H. Biomarkers in Sporadic and Familial Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 47:291-317. [PMID: 26401553 DOI: 10.3233/jad-143006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are sporadic (sAD) or inherited in a non-Mendelian fashion, and less than 1% of cases are autosomal-dominant. Forms of sAD do not exhibit familial aggregation and are characterized by complex genetic and environmental interactions. Recently, the expansion of genomic methodologies, in association with substantially larger combined cohorts, has resulted in various genome-wide association studies that have identified several novel genetic associations of AD. Currently, the most effective methods for establishing the diagnosis of AD are defined by multi-modal pathways, starting with clinical and neuropsychological assessment, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, and brain-imaging procedures, all of which have significant cost- and access-to-care barriers. Consequently, research efforts have focused on the development and validation of non-invasive and generalizable blood-based biomarkers. Among the modalities conceptualized by the systems biology paradigm and utilized in the "exploratory biomarker discovery arena", proteome analysis has received the most attention. However, metabolomics, lipidomics, transcriptomics, and epigenomics have recently become key modalities in the search for AD biomarkers. Interestingly, biomarker changes for familial AD (fAD), in many but not all cases, seem similar to those for sAD. The integration of neurogenetics with systems biology/physiology-based strategies and high-throughput technologies for molecular profiling is expected to help identify the causes, mechanisms, and biomarkers associated with the various forms of AD. Moreover, in order to hypothesize the dynamic trajectories of biomarkers through disease stages and elucidate the mechanisms of biomarker alterations, updated and more sophisticated theoretical models have been proposed for both sAD and fAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lista
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A) & Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Sid E O'Bryant
- Institute for Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Research & Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A) & Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Hugon
- Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) Paris Nord Ile-de-France, Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis Lariboisière - Fernand Widal, Université Paris Diderot, Paris 07, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin (IFM), Inserm UMR_S 839, Paris, France
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Harald Hampel
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A) & Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
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93
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Deardorff WJ, Grossberg GT. Targeting neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease: evidence for NSAIDs and novel therapeutics. Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 17:17-32. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2016.1200972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - George T Grossberg
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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94
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Khan AT, Dobson RJB, Sattlecker M, Kiddle SJ. Alzheimer's disease: are blood and brain markers related? A systematic review. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2016; 3:455-62. [PMID: 27547773 PMCID: PMC4891999 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peripheral protein biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) may help identify novel treatment avenues by allowing early diagnosis, recruitment to clinical trials, and treatment initiation. The purpose of this review was to determine which proteins have been found to be differentially expressed in the AD brain and whether these proteins are also found within the blood of AD patients. METHODS A two-stage approach was conducted. The first stage involved conducting a systematic search to identify discovery-based brain proteomic studies of AD. The second stage involved comparing whether proteins found to be differentially expressed in AD brain were also differentially expressed in the blood. RESULTS Across 11 discovery based brain proteomic studies 371 proteins were at different levels in the AD brain. Nine proteins were frequently found, defined as appearing in at least three separate studies. Of these proteins heat-shock cognate 71 kDa, ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1, and 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase alone were found to share a consistent direction of change, being consistently upregulated in studies they appeared in. Eighteen proteins seen as being differentially expressed within the AD brain were present in blood proteomic studies of AD. Only complement C4a was seen multiple times within both the blood and brain proteomic studies. INTERPRETATION We report a number of proteins appearing in both the blood and brain of AD patients. Of these proteins, C4a may be a good candidate for further follow-up in large-scale replication efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali T. Khan
- GKT School of Medical EducationKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard J. B. Dobson
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for DementiaLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Martina Sattlecker
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for DementiaLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Steven J. Kiddle
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for DementiaLondonUnited Kingdom
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95
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Van Eldik LJ, Carrillo MC, Cole PE, Feuerbach D, Greenberg BD, Hendrix JA, Kennedy M, Kozauer N, Margolin RA, Molinuevo JL, Mueller R, Ransohoff RM, Wilcock DM, Bain L, Bales K. The roles of inflammation and immune mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2016; 2:99-109. [PMID: 29067297 PMCID: PMC5644267 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Alzheimer's Association's Research roundtable met in April 2015 to explore the role of neuroinflammatory mechanisms in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The ability of innate immune cells, particularly microglia and astrocytes, to mediate neuroinflammation in AD has been implicated as a significant contributor to disease pathogenesis. Adaptive immunity, which plays an important role in responding to injury and some diseases of the central nervous system, may contribute to neuroinflammation in AD as well. Communication between the central and peripheral immune systems may also be important in AD. An increased understanding of the physiology of the innate immune system may aid the identification of new therapeutic targets or mechanisms. The development of predictive animal models and translatable neuroinflammation biomarkers for AD would also facilitate the advancement of novel treatments for innate immunity. Important challenges impeding the advancement of new therapeutic agents and strategies to overcome them were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Maria C Carrillo
- Division of Medical & Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Dominik Feuerbach
- Neuroscience Research, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Barry D Greenberg
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James A Hendrix
- Division of Medical & Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Kennedy
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck, Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - José L Molinuevo
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, ICN Hospital Clinic i Universitari; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona beta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Donna M Wilcock
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lisa Bain
- Independent medical writer, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly Bales
- Pfizer, Inc. Neuroscience Research Unit, Cambridge, MA, USA
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96
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Discovery of Novel Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease from Blood. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:4250480. [PMID: 27418712 PMCID: PMC4932164 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4250480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease would be very valuable because blood is a more accessible biofluid and is suitable for repeated sampling. However, currently there are no robust and reliable blood-based biomarkers for practical diagnosis. In this study we used a knowledge-based protein feature pool and two novel support vector machine embedded feature selection methods to find panels consisting of two and three biomarkers. We validated these biomarker sets using another serum cohort and an RNA profile cohort from the brain. Our panels included the proteins ECH1, NHLRC2, HOXB7, FN1, ERBB2, and SLC6A13 and demonstrated promising sensitivity (>87%), specificity (>91%), and accuracy (>89%).
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97
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Mahinrad S, de Craen AJM, Yasar S, van Heemst D, Sabayan B. Natriuretic peptides in the central nervous system: Novel targets for cognitive impairment. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 68:148-156. [PMID: 27229760 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are traditionally known as cardiac hormones with diuretic, natriuretic and blood pressure lowering properties. Evidence indicates that NPs and their receptors are abundant in the central nervous system, suggesting their involvement in regulation of various brain functions. It has been shown that NPs are involved in the regulation of neurovascular and blood-brain barrier integrity, neuro-inflammation, neuroprotection, synaptic transmission and brain fluid homeostasis. In addition, NPs might contribute to the brain's inhibitory control over the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Studies have also shown that high systemic levels of NPs are associated with cognitive impairment independent of cardiovascular risk factors. In this review we discuss the potential roles of NPs in regulating structural and functional integrity of the brain. Based on the available neurobiological and clinical evidence, we propose that NPs might represent as potential novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Mahinrad
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Anton J M de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Sevil Yasar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5200 Eastern Avenue, MFL Center tower, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Behnam Sabayan
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.
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98
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Calsolaro V, Edison P. Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: Current evidence and future directions. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 12:719-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 738] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Edison
- Neurology Imaging Unit; Imperial College London; UK
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99
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Jaeger PA, Lucin KM, Britschgi M, Vardarajan B, Huang RP, Kirby ED, Abbey R, Boeve BF, Boxer AL, Farrer LA, Finch N, Graff-Radford NR, Head E, Hofree M, Huang R, Johns H, Karydas A, Knopman DS, Loboda A, Masliah E, Narasimhan R, Petersen RC, Podtelezhnikov A, Pradhan S, Rademakers R, Sun CH, Younkin SG, Miller BL, Ideker T, Wyss-Coray T. Network-driven plasma proteomics expose molecular changes in the Alzheimer's brain. Mol Neurodegener 2016; 11:31. [PMID: 27112350 PMCID: PMC4845325 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-016-0095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biological pathways that significantly contribute to sporadic Alzheimer’s disease are largely unknown and cannot be observed directly. Cognitive symptoms appear only decades after the molecular disease onset, further complicating analyses. As a consequence, molecular research is often restricted to late-stage post-mortem studies of brain tissue. However, the disease process is expected to trigger numerous cellular signaling pathways and modulate the local and systemic environment, and resulting changes in secreted signaling molecules carry information about otherwise inaccessible pathological processes. Results To access this information we probed relative levels of close to 600 secreted signaling proteins from patients’ blood samples using antibody microarrays and mapped disease-specific molecular networks. Using these networks as seeds we then employed independent genome and transcriptome data sets to corroborate potential pathogenic pathways. Conclusions We identified Growth-Differentiation Factor (GDF) signaling as a novel Alzheimer’s disease-relevant pathway supported by in vivo and in vitro follow-up experiments, demonstrating the existence of a highly informative link between cellular pathology and changes in circulatory signaling proteins. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13024-016-0095-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp A Jaeger
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Kurt M Lucin
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Present address: Biology Department, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT, USA
| | - Markus Britschgi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Present address: Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, NORD DTA, Roche Innovation, Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Badri Vardarajan
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Schools of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruo-Pan Huang
- RayBiotech, Guangzhou, China.,RayBiotech, Norcrosse, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Kirby
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rachelle Abbey
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Adam L Boxer
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Schools of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Departments of Neurology, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Genomics, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - NiCole Finch
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Head
- Departments of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Matan Hofree
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ruochun Huang
- RayBiotech, Guangzhou, China.,RayBiotech, Norcrosse, GA, USA
| | - Hudson Johns
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anna Karydas
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Andrey Loboda
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ramya Narasimhan
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Suraj Pradhan
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Chung-Huan Sun
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Trey Ideker
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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100
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The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2 Biomarker Core: A review of progress and plans. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 11:772-91. [PMID: 26194312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We describe Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Biomarker Core progress including: the Biobank; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta (Aβ1-42), t-tau, and p-tau181 analytical performance, definition of Alzheimer's disease (AD) profile for plaque, and tangle burden detection and increased risk for progression to AD; AD disease heterogeneity; progress in standardization; and new studies using ADNI biofluids. METHODS Review publications authored or coauthored by ADNI Biomarker core faculty and selected non-ADNI studies to deepen the understanding and interpretation of CSF Aβ1-42, t-tau, and p-tau181 data. RESULTS CSF AD biomarker measurements with the qualified AlzBio3 immunoassay detects neuropathologic AD hallmarks in preclinical and prodromal disease stages, based on CSF studies in non-ADNI living subjects followed by the autopsy confirmation of AD. Collaboration across ADNI cores generated the temporal ordering model of AD biomarkers varying across individuals because of genetic/environmental factors that increase/decrease resilience to AD pathologies. DISCUSSION Further studies will refine this model and enable the use of biomarkers studied in ADNI clinically and in disease-modifying therapeutic trials.
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