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Tykocki NR, Boerman EM, Jackson WF. Smooth Muscle Ion Channels and Regulation of Vascular Tone in Resistance Arteries and Arterioles. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:485-581. [PMID: 28333380 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vascular tone of resistance arteries and arterioles determines peripheral vascular resistance, contributing to the regulation of blood pressure and blood flow to, and within the body's tissues and organs. Ion channels in the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in these blood vessels importantly contribute to the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration, the primary determinant of SMC contractile activity and vascular tone. Ion channels provide the main source of activator Ca2+ that determines vascular tone, and strongly contribute to setting and regulating membrane potential, which, in turn, regulates the open-state-probability of voltage gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs), the primary source of Ca2+ in resistance artery and arteriolar SMCs. Ion channel function is also modulated by vasoconstrictors and vasodilators, contributing to all aspects of the regulation of vascular tone. This review will focus on the physiology of VGCCs, voltage-gated K+ (KV) channels, large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels, strong-inward-rectifier K+ (KIR) channels, ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, ryanodine receptors (RyRs), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), and a variety of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels that contribute to pressure-induced myogenic tone in resistance arteries and arterioles, the modulation of the function of these ion channels by vasoconstrictors and vasodilators, their role in the functional regulation of tissue blood flow and their dysfunction in diseases such as hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:485-581, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R Tykocki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Erika M Boerman
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - William F Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Zhao R, Tsang SY. Versatile Roles of Intracellularly Located TRPV1 Channel. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:1957-1965. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- School of Life Sciences; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Suk Ying Tsang
- School of Life Sciences; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
- Centre for Novel Biomaterials; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
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53
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Yu YB, Su KH, Kou YR, Guo BC, Lee KI, Wei J, Lee TS. Role of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 in regulating erythropoietin-induced activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:465-477. [PMID: 27232578 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Erythropoietin (EPO), the key hormone involved in erythropoiesis, beneficially affects endothelial cells (ECs), but the detailed mechanisms are yet to be completely understood. In this study, we investigated the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), a ligand-gated non-selective calcium (Ca2+ ) channel, in EPO-mediated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation and angiogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS In ECs, EPO time dependently increased intracellular levels of calcium; this increase was abrogated by the Ca2+ chelators and pharmacological inhibitors of TRPV1 in bovine aortic ECs (BAECs) and TRPV1-transfected HEK293 cells. In addition, EPO-induced nitrite oxide (NO) production, phosphorylation of eNOS, Akt and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the formation of TRPV1-Akt-AMPK-eNOS complex as well as tube formation were diminished by the pharmacological inhibition of TRPV1 in BAECs. Moreover, EPO time dependently induced the phosphorylation of phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1). Inhibition of PLC-γ1 activity blunted the EPO-induced Ca2+ influx, eNOS phosphorylation, TRPV1-eNOS complex formation and NO production. The phosphorylated level of eNOS increased in the aortas of EPO-treated wild-type (WT) mice or EPO-transgenic (Tg) mice but not in those of EPO-treated TRPV1-deficient (TRPV1-/- ) mice or EPO-Tg/TRPV1-/- mice. Matrigel plug assay showed that EPO-induced angiogenesis was abrogated in TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine-treated WT mice and TRPV1-/- mice. CONCLUSION These findings indicate the EPO-induced Ca2+ influx via the activation of the PLC-γ1 signalling pathway, which leads to TRPV1 activation and consequently increases the association of the TRPV1-Akt-AMPK-eNOS complex, eNOS activation, NO production and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.-B. Yu
- Institute of Physiology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Division of Hematology; Department of Medicine; Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - K.-H. Su
- Institute of Physiology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- The Jackson Laboratory; Bar Harbor ME USA
| | - Y. R. Kou
- Institute of Physiology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - B.-C. Guo
- Institute of Physiology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - K.-I. Lee
- Institute of Physiology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - J. Wei
- Heart Center; Cheng-Hsin General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - T.-S. Lee
- Institute of Physiology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Genome Research Center; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Aging and Health Research Center; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
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Abstract
Glioma is the most common type of brain tumors and malignant glioma is extremely lethal, with patients' 5-year survival rate less than 10%. Treatment of gliomas poses remarkable clinical challenges, not only because of their particular localization but also because glioma cells possess several malignant biological features, including highly proliferative, highly invasive, highly angiogenic, and highly metabolic aberrant. All these features make gliomas highly recurrent and drug resistant. Finding new and effective molecular drug targets for glioma is an urgent and critical task for both basic and clinical research. Recent studies have proposed a type of non-voltage-gated calcium channels, namely, canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels, to be newly emerged potential drug targets for glioma. They are heavily involved in the proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and metabolism of glioma cells. Abundant evidence from both cell models and preclinical mouse models has demonstrated that inhibition of TRPC channels shows promising anti-glioma effect. In this chapter, we will give a comprehensive review on the current progress in the studies on TRPC channels and glioma and discuss their potential clinical implication in glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, 77030, TX, USA.
| | - Xia Ding
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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Abstract
TRPC channels are the first identified members in the TRP family. They function as either homo- or heterotetramers regulating intracellular Ca2+ concentration in response to numerous physiological or pathological stimuli. TRPC channels are nonselective cation channels permeable to Ca2+. The properties and the functional domains of TRPC channels have been identified by electrophysiological and biochemical methods. However, due to the large size, instability, and flexibility of their complexes, the structures of the members in TRPC family remain unrevealed. More efforts should be made on structure analysis and generating good tools, including specific antibodies, agonist, and antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Feng
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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56
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van Goor MKC, Hoenderop JGJ, van der Wijst J. TRP channels in calcium homeostasis: from hormonal control to structure-function relationship of TRPV5 and TRPV6. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1864:883-893. [PMID: 27913205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining plasma calcium levels within a narrow range is of vital importance for many physiological functions. Therefore, calcium transport processes in the intestine, bone and kidney are tightly regulated to fine-tune the rate of absorption, storage and excretion. The TRPV5 and TRPV6 calcium channels are viewed as the gatekeepers of epithelial calcium transport. Several calciotropic hormones control the channels at the level of transcription, membrane expression, and function. Recent technological advances have provided the first near-atomic resolution structural models of several TRPV channels, allowing insight into their architecture. While this field is still in its infancy, it has increased our understanding of molecular channel regulation and holds great promise for future structure-function studies of these ion channels. This review will summarize the mechanisms that control the systemic calcium balance, as well as extrapolate structural views to the molecular functioning of TRPV5/6 channels in epithelial calcium transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark K C van Goor
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost G J Hoenderop
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jenny van der Wijst
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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The Control of Calcium Metabolism in Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111783. [PMID: 27792163 PMCID: PMC5133784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish is an emerging model for the research of body fluid ionic homeostasis. In this review, we focus on current progress on the regulation of Ca2+ uptake in the context of Ca2+ sensing and hormonal regulation in zebrafish. Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase-rich cells (NaRCs), the specialized ionocytes in the embryonic skin and adult gills, play a dominant role in Ca2+ uptake in zebrafish. Transepithelial Ca2+ transport in NaRC, through apical epithelial Ca2+ channels (ECaC), basolateral plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA), and Na⁺/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX), is analogous to mammalian renal and intestinal Ca2+-absorption cells. Several hormones were demonstrated to differentially regulate Ca2+ uptake through modulating the expression of Ca2+ transporters and/or the proliferation/differentiation of NaRC in zebrafish. In addition, the counterbalance among these hormones is associated with the maintenance of body fluid Ca2+ homeostasis. Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is expressed in several hormone-secreting tissues in zebrafish, and activated CaSR differentially controls calciotropic hormones. The major principles of Ca2+ transport and the hormonal control appear to be conserved from zebrafish to other vertebrates including mammals. The new knowledge gained from zebrafish studies provides new insights into the related issues in vertebrates.
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Nicotinamide is an endogenous agonist for a C. elegans TRPV OSM-9 and OCR-4 channel. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13135. [PMID: 27731314 PMCID: PMC5064019 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPV ion channels are directly activated by sensory stimuli and participate in thermo-, mechano- and chemo-sensation. They are also hypothesized to respond to endogenous agonists that would modulate sensory responses. Here, we show that the nicotinamide (NAM) form of vitamin B3 is an agonist of a Caenorhabditis elegans TRPV channel. Using heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes, we demonstrate that NAM is a soluble agonist for a channel consisting of the well-studied OSM-9 TRPV subunit and relatively uncharacterized OCR-4 TRPV subunit as well as the orthologous Drosophila Nan-Iav TRPV channel, and we examine stoichiometry of subunit assembly. Finally, we show that behaviours mediated by these C. elegans and Drosophila channels are responsive to NAM, suggesting conservation of activity of this soluble endogenous metabolite on TRPV activity. Our results in combination with the role of NAM in NAD+ metabolism suggest an intriguing link between metabolic regulation and TRPV channel activity. TRPV are cation channels activated by physical and chemical stimuli. Here the authors show that nicotinamide is a soluble, endogenous agonist for orthologous TRPV channels from C. elegans and Drosophila, unveiling a metabolic-based regulation for TRPV channel activity.
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Chen J, Varga A, Selvarajah S, Jenes A, Dienes B, Sousa-Valente J, Kulik A, Veress G, Brain SD, Baker D, Urban L, Mackie K, Nagy I. Spatial Distribution of the Cannabinoid Type 1 and Capsaicin Receptors May Contribute to the Complexity of Their Crosstalk. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33307. [PMID: 27653550 PMCID: PMC5032030 DOI: 10.1038/srep33307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor and the capsaicin receptor (TRPV1) exhibit co-expression and complex, but largely unknown, functional interactions in a sub-population of primary sensory neurons (PSN). We report that PSN co-expressing CB1 receptor and TRPV1 form two distinct sub-populations based on their pharmacological properties, which could be due to the distribution pattern of the two receptors. Pharmacologically, neurons respond either only to capsaicin (COR neurons) or to both capsaicin and the endogenous TRPV1 and CB1 receptor ligand anandamide (ACR neurons). Blocking or deleting the CB1 receptor only reduces both anandamide- and capsaicin-evoked responses in ACR neurons. Deleting the CB1 receptor also reduces the proportion of ACR neurons without any effect on the overall number of capsaicin-responding cells. Regarding the distribution pattern of the two receptors, neurons express CB1 and TRPV1 receptors either isolated in low densities or in close proximity with medium/high densities. We suggest that spatial distribution of the CB1 receptor and TRPV1 contributes to the complexity of their functional interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Gaotanyan 19 Street, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Angelika Varga
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK.,MTA-DE-NAP B-Pain Control Research GroupDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, H-4012, Hungary
| | - Srikumaran Selvarajah
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Agnes Jenes
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK.,MTA-DE-NAP B-Pain Control Research GroupDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, H-4012, Hungary
| | - Beatrix Dienes
- MTA-DE-NAP B-Pain Control Research GroupDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, H-4012, Hungary
| | - Joao Sousa-Valente
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Akos Kulik
- Institute of Physiology, University of Freiburg, Germany D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, D-79104, Germany
| | - Gabor Veress
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Susan D Brain
- BHF Cardiovascular Centre of Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - David Baker
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Laszlo Urban
- Preclinical Secondary Pharmacology, Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institutes for Biommedical Research, Cambridge, MA 01932, USA
| | - Ken Mackie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, The Gill Center, 702 N. Walnut Grove Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Istvan Nagy
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK
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Broad LM, Mogg AJ, Eberle E, Tolley M, Li DL, Knopp KL. TRPV3 in Drug Development. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:E55. [PMID: 27618069 PMCID: PMC5039508 DOI: 10.3390/ph9030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) is a member of the TRP (Transient Receptor Potential) super-family. It is a relatively underexplored member of the thermo-TRP sub-family (Figure 1), however, genetic mutations and use of gene knock-outs and selective pharmacological tools are helping to provide insights into its role and therapeutic potential. TRPV3 is highly expressed in skin, where it is implicated in skin physiology and pathophysiology, thermo-sensing and nociception. Gain of function TRPV3 mutations in rodent and man have enabled the role of TRPV3 in skin health and disease to be particularly well defined. Pre-clinical studies provide some rationale to support development of TRPV3 antagonists for therapeutic application for the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions, itch and pain. However, to date, only one compound directed towards block of the TRPV3 receptor (GRC15300) has progressed into clinical trials. Currently, there are no known clinical trials in progress employing a TRPV3 antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Broad
- Lilly Research Centre, Eli Lilly and Company Ltd., Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, UK.
| | - Adrian J Mogg
- Lilly Research Centre, Eli Lilly and Company Ltd., Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, UK.
| | - Elizabeth Eberle
- Covance Greenfield Laboratories, Greenfield, Indianapolis, IN 46140, USA.
| | - Marcia Tolley
- Covance Greenfield Laboratories, Greenfield, Indianapolis, IN 46140, USA.
| | - Dominic L Li
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company Inc., Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
| | - Kelly L Knopp
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company Inc., Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
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Riehle M, Büscher AK, Gohlke BO, Kaßmann M, Kolatsi-Joannou M, Bräsen JH, Nagel M, Becker JU, Winyard P, Hoyer PF, Preissner R, Krautwurst D, Gollasch M, Weber S, Harteneck C. TRPC6 G757D Loss-of-Function Mutation Associates with FSGS. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:2771-83. [PMID: 26892346 PMCID: PMC5004639 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015030318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
FSGS is a CKD with heavy proteinuria that eventually progresses to ESRD. Hereditary forms of FSGS have been linked to mutations in the transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6 (TRPC6) gene encoding a nonselective cation channel. Most of these TRPC6 mutations cause a gain-of-function phenotype, leading to calcium-triggered podocyte cell death, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. We studied the molecular effect of disease-related mutations using tridimensional in silico modeling of tetrameric TRPC6. Our results indicated that G757 is localized in a domain forming a TRPC6-TRPC6 interface and predicted that the amino acid exchange G757D causes local steric hindrance and disruption of the channel complex. Notably, functional characterization of model interface domain mutants suggested a loss-of-function phenotype. We then characterized 19 human FSGS-related TRPC6 mutations, the majority of which caused gain-of-function mutations. However, five mutations (N125S, L395A, G757D, L780P, and R895L) caused a loss-of-function phenotype. Coexpression of wild-type TRPC6 and TRPC6 G757D, mimicking heterozygosity observed in patients, revealed a dominant negative effect of TRPC6 G757D. Our comprehensive analysis of human disease-causing TRPC6 mutations reveals loss of TRPC6 function as an additional concept of hereditary FSGS and provides molecular insights into the mechanism responsible for the loss-of-function phenotype of TRPC6 G757D in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Riehle
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja K Büscher
- Pediatric Nephrology, Pediatrics II, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Björn-Oliver Gohlke
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany; Charité University Medicine Berlin, Structural Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Physiology and Experimental Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Kaßmann
- Nephrology/Intensive Care, Experimental and Clinical Research Center and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Kolatsi-Joannou
- Nephro-Urology Unit, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jan H Bräsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mato Nagel
- Center of Nephrology and Metabolism, Weisswasser, Germany
| | - Jan U Becker
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; and
| | - Paul Winyard
- Nephro-Urology Unit, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter F Hoyer
- Pediatric Nephrology, Pediatrics II, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Robert Preissner
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany; Charité University Medicine Berlin, Structural Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Physiology and Experimental Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Krautwurst
- Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie, Molekulare Zellphysiologie und Chemorezeption, Freising, Germany
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Nephrology/Intensive Care, Experimental and Clinical Research Center and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Weber
- Pediatric Nephrology, Pediatrics II, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany;
| | - Christian Harteneck
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany;
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A dominant TRPV4 variant underlies osteochondrodysplasia in Scottish fold cats. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:1441-50. [PMID: 27063440 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Scottish fold cats, named for their unique ear shape, have a dominantly inherited osteochondrodysplasia involving malformation in the distal forelimbs, distal hindlimbs and tail, and progressive joint destruction. This study aimed to identify the gene and the underlying variant responsible for the osteochondrodysplasia. DESIGN DNA samples from 44 Scottish fold and 54 control cats were genotyped using a feline DNA array and a case-control genome-wide association analysis conducted. The gene encoding a calcium permeable ion channel, transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4 (TRPV4) was identified as a candidate within the associated region and sequenced. Stably transfected HEK293 cells were used to compare wild-type and mutant TRPV4 expression, cell surface localisation and responses to activation with a synthetic agonist GSK1016709A, hypo-osmolarity, and protease-activated receptor 2 stimulation. RESULTS The dominantly inherited folded ear and osteochondrodysplasia in Scottish fold cats is associated with a p.V342F substitution (c.1024G>T) in TRPV4. The change was not found in 648 unaffected cats. Functional analysis in HEK293 cells showed V342F mutant TRPV4 was poorly expressed at the cell surface compared to wild-type TRPV4 and as a consequence the maximum response to a synthetic agonist was reduced. Mutant TRPV4 channels had a higher basal activity and an increased response to hypotonic conditions. CONCLUSIONS Access to a naturally-occurring TRPV4 mutation in the Scottish fold cat will allow further functional studies to identify how and why the mutations affect cartilage and bone development.
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Gómez M, González A, Sáez CA, Moenne A. Copper-Induced Membrane Depolarizations Involve the Induction of Mosaic TRP Channels, Which Activate VDCC Leading to Calcium Increases in Ulva compressa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:754. [PMID: 27379106 PMCID: PMC4905984 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The marine macroalga Ulva compressa (Chlorophyceae) is a cosmopolitan species, tolerant to heavy metals, in particular to copper. U. compressa was cultivated with 10 μM copper for 12 h and membrane depolarization events were detected. First, seven depolarization events occurred at 4, 8, 12-13, 80, and 86 min, and at 5 and 9 h of copper exposure. Second, bathocuproine sulphonate, a specific copper-chelating compound, was added before incorporating copper to the culture medium. Copper-induced depolarizations were inhibited by bathocuproine at 4, 8, 12-13, 80, and 86 min, but not at 5 and 9 h, indicating that initial events are due to copper ions entry. Third, specific inhibitors of human TRPA1, C4, C5, M8, and V1corresponding to HC030031, ML204, SKF96363, M8B, and capsazepin, respectively, were used to analyze whether copper-induced depolarizations were due to activation of transient receptor potentials (TRPs). Inhibitor effects indicate that the seven depolarizations involved the activation of functional mosaic TRPs that displayed properties similar to human TRPA, C, M, and/or V. Finally, inhibition of copper-induced depolarizations using specific TRP inhibitors suppressed calcium increases at 2, 3, and 12 h due to activation of voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs). Thus, copper induces seven depolarization events that involve activation of mosaic TRPs which, in turn, activates VDCC leading to calcium increases at 2, 3, and 12 h in U. compressa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Gómez
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Alberto González
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Claudio A. Sáez
- Laboratory of Coastal Toxicology, Center of Advanced Studies, University of Playa Ancha Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Alejandra Moenne
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of ChileSantiago, Chile
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Lee KI, Lin HC, Lee HT, Tsai FC, Lee TS. Loss of Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 Channel Deregulates Emotion, Learning and Memory, Cognition, and Social Behavior in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3606-3617. [PMID: 27194300 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel is a non-selective cation channel that helps regulate inflammatory pain sensation and nociception and the development of inflammatory diseases. However, the potential role of the TRPA1 channel and the underlying mechanism in brain functions are not fully resolved. In this study, we demonstrated that genetic deletion of the TRPA1 channel in mice or pharmacological inhibition of its activity increased neurite outgrowth. In vivo study in mice provided evidence of the TRPA1 channel as a negative regulator in hippocampal functions; functional ablation of the TRPA1 channel in mice enhanced hippocampal functions, as evidenced by less anxiety-like behavior, and enhanced fear-related or spatial learning and memory, and novel location recognition as well as social interactions. However, the TRPA1 channel appears to be a prerequisite for motor function; functional loss of the TRPA1 channel in mice led to axonal bundle fragmentation, downregulation of myelin basic protein, and decreased mature oligodendrocyte population in the brain, for impaired motor function. The TRPA1 channel may play a crucial role in neuronal development and oligodendrocyte maturation and be a potential regulator in emotion, cognition, learning and memory, and social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-I Lee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11211, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11211, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Te Lee
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chuan Tsai
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shyuan Lee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11211, Taiwan. .,Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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65
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Thies J, Neutzler V, O'Leary F, Liu H. Differential Effects of TRPA and TRPV Channels on Behaviors of Caenorhabditis elegans. J Exp Neurosci 2016; 10:71-5. [PMID: 27168724 PMCID: PMC4857791 DOI: 10.4137/jen.s32837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPA and TRPV ion channels are members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel superfamily, which mediates various sensory transductions. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the TRPV channels are known to affect chemosensation, while the TRPA-1 channel is associated with thermosensation and mechanosensation. We examined thermosensation, chemosensation, and osmosensation in strains lacking TRPA-1 or TRPV channels. We found that TRPV channel knockout worms exhibited similar behavioral deficits associated with thermotaxis as the TRPA-1 channel knockout, suggesting a dual role for TRPV channels. In contrast, chemosensation responses, assessed by both avoidance reversal behavior and NaCl osmosensation, were dependent on TRPV channels but seemed independent of TRPA-1 channel. Our findings suggest that, in addition to TRPA-1 channel, TRPV channels are necessary for thermotaxis and may activate, or modulate, the function of TRPA-1 channels. In contrast, TRPA-1 channels do not have a dual responsibility, as they have no functional role in odorant avoidance or osmosensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Thies
- Department of Biology, Morosky College of Health Professions and Sciences, Gannon University, Erie, PA, USA
| | - Vanessa Neutzler
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Fidelma O'Leary
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX, USA
| | - He Liu
- Department of Biology, Morosky College of Health Professions and Sciences, Gannon University, Erie, PA, USA
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66
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Konrad DB, Frank JA, Trauner D. Synthesis of Redshifted Azobenzene Photoswitches by Late-Stage Functionalization. Chemistry 2016; 22:4364-8. [PMID: 26889884 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Azobenzenes are versatile photoswitches that can be cycled between their trans- and cis-configuration with light. The wavelengths required for this isomerization are substantially shifted from the UV to the visible range through tetra-ortho-chlorination. These halogenated azobenzenes display unique photoswitching characteristics, but their syntheses remain limited and inefficient. A new general method for the synthesis of tetra-ortho-chloro azobenzenes has been developed, which relies on direct palladium(II)-catalyzed C-H activation of pre-existing standard azobenzenes. This late-stage functionalization has a broad substrate scope and can be used to create a variety of useful building blocks for the construction of more elaborate redshifted photopharmaceuticals. This method is used to prepare red-AzCA-4, a photoswitchable vanilloid that enables optical control of the cation channel TRPV1 with visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Konrad
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - James A Frank
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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67
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Badr H, Kozai D, Sakaguchi R, Numata T, Mori Y. Different Contribution of Redox-Sensitive Transient Receptor Potential Channels to Acetaminophen-Induced Death of Human Hepatoma Cell Line. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:19. [PMID: 26903865 PMCID: PMC4746322 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a safe analgesic antipyretic drug at prescribed doses. Its overdose, however, can cause life-threatening liver damage. Though, involvement of oxidative stress is widely acknowledged in APAP-induced hepatocellular death, the mechanism of this increased oxidative stress and the associated alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis are still unclear. Among members of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels activated in response to oxidative stress, we here identify that redox-sensitive TRPV1, TRPC1, TRPM2, and TRPM7 channels underlie Ca2+ entry and downstream cellular damages induced by APAP in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. Our data indicate that APAP treatment of HepG2 cells resulted in increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glutathione (GSH) depletion, and Ca2+ entry leading to increased apoptotic cell death. These responses were significantly suppressed by pretreatment with the ROS scavengers N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzene disulfonic acid disodium salt monohydrate (Tiron), and also by preincubation of cells with the glutathione inducer Dimethylfumarate (DMF). TRP subtype-targeted pharmacological blockers and siRNAs strategy revealed that suppression of either TRPV1, TRPC1, TRPM2, or TRPM7 reduced APAP-induced ROS formation, Ca2+ influx, and cell death; the effects of suppression of TRPV1 or TRPC1, known to be activated by oxidative cysteine modifications, were stronger than those of TRPM2 or TRPM7. Interestingly, TRPV1 and TRPC1 were labeled by the cysteine-selective modification reagent, 5,5′-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid)-2biotin (DTNB-2Bio), and this was attenuated by pretreatment with APAP, suggesting that APAP and/or its oxidized metabolites act directly on the modification target cysteine residues of TRPV1 and TRPC1 proteins. In human liver tissue, TRPV1, TRPC1, TRPM2, and TRPM7 channels transcripts were localized mainly to hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. Our findings strongly suggest that APAP-induced Ca2+ entry and subsequent hepatocellular death are regulated by multiple redox-activated cation channels, among which TRPV1 and TRPC1 play a prominent role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Badr
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kozai
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
| | - Reiko Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan; World Premier International Research Initiative-Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Numata
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan; Laboratory of Environmental Systems Biology, Department of Technology and Ecology, Hall of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan; World Premier International Research Initiative-Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan; Laboratory of Environmental Systems Biology, Department of Technology and Ecology, Hall of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan
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Sappington RM, Sidorova T, Ward NJ, Chakravarthy R, Ho KW, Calkins DJ. Activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) influences how retinal ganglion cell neurons respond to pressure-related stress. Channels (Austin) 2016; 9:102-13. [PMID: 25713995 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2015.1009272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Our recent studies implicate the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) channel as a mediator of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) function and survival. With elevated pressure in the eye, TRPV1 increases in RGCs, supporting enhanced excitability, while Trpv1 -/- accelerates RGC degeneration in mice. Here we find TRPV1 localized in monkey and human RGCs, similar to rodents. Expression increases in RGCs exposed to acute changes in pressure. In retinal explants, contrary to our animal studies, both Trpv1 -/- and pharmacological antagonism of the channel prevented pressure-induced RGC apoptosis, as did chelation of extracellular Ca(2+). Finally, while TRPV1 and TRPV4 co-localize in some RGC bodies and form a protein complex in the retina, expression of their mRNA is inversely related with increasing ocular pressure. We propose that TRPV1 activation by pressure-related insult in the eye initiates changes in expression that contribute to a Ca(2+)-dependent adaptive response to maintain excitatory signaling in RGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Sappington
- a The Vanderbilt Eye Institute and Vanderbilt Brain Institute ; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine ; Nashville , TN USA
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69
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Ferreira LGB, Faria RX. TRPing on the pore phenomenon: what do we know about transient receptor potential ion channel-related pore dilation up to now? J Bioenerg Biomembr 2016; 48:1-12. [PMID: 26728159 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-015-9634-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ion channels allow for rapid ion diffusion through the plasma membrane. In some conditions, ion channels induce changes in the critical plasma membrane permeability that permit 900-Da solutes to enter cells. This process is known as the pore phenomenon. Some transient receptor potential (TRP) channel subtypes have been highlighted such as the P2X7 receptor, plasma membrane VDAC-1 channel, and pannexin hemichannels. The TRP ion channels are considered multimodal transducers that respond to several kinds of stimuli. In addition, many TRP channel subtypes are involved in physiological and pathophysiological processes such as inflammation, pain, and cancer. The TRPA1, TRPM8, and TRPV1-4 subtypes have been shown to promote large-molecular-weight solute uptake, including impermeable fluorescent dyes, QX-314 hydrophilic lidocaine derivative, gabapentin, and antineoplastic drugs. This review discusses the current knowledge of TRP-associated pores and encourages scientists to study their features and explore them as novel therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G B Ferreira
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, n° 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - R X Faria
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, n° 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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70
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Calcium Entry Through Thermosensory Channels. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 898:265-304. [PMID: 27161233 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-26974-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
ThermoTRPs are unique channels that mediate Na(+) and Ca(2+) currents in response to changes in ambient temperature. In combination with their activation by other physical and chemical stimuli, they are considered key integrators of environmental cues into neuronal excitability. Furthermore, roles of thermoTRPs in non-neuronal tissues are currently emerging such as insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells, and links to cancer. Calcium permeability through thermoTRPs appears a central hallmark for their physiological and pathological activities. Moreover, it is currently being proposed that beyond working as a second messenger, Ca(2+) can function locally by acting on protein complexes near the membrane. Interestingly, thermoTRPs can enhance and expand the inherent plasticity of signalplexes by conferring them temperature, pH and lipid regulation through Ca(2+) signalling. Thus, unveiling the local role of Ca(2+) fluxes induced by thermoTRPs on the dynamics of membrane-attached signalling complexes as well as their significance in cellular processes, are central issues that will expand the opportunities for therapeutic intervention in disorders involving dysfunction of thermoTRP channels.
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71
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Planells-Cases1 R, Ferrer-Montiel A. Drug design and development through the vanilloid receptor. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2015; 2:1053-63. [PMID: 23484872 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2.8.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The vanilloid receptor (TRPV1) has attracted a great expectation in pain therapeutics for the treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions. As a result, several drug discovery programmes were launched in the past years that yielded a large number of receptor agonists and antagonists. However, despite the claimed therapeutic potential of TRPV1 modulators, a disappointing number of candidates have progressed into clinical trials and those were only for dental pain and migraine, indicating that our understanding of the role of TRPV1 in pain is still very limited. The widespread distribution of TRPV1 in different tissues suggests an involvement in body functions other than pain. Indeed, new findings indicate that TRPV1 is tonically active in physiological conditions and its pharmacological blockade leads to hyperthermia. Furthermore, the full abrogation of TRPV1 in some models of chronic pain results in enhanced pain. Therefore, a remaining challenge is the development of drugs that preserve the physiological activity of TRPV1 and downregulate the function of overactive receptors.
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72
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Sullivan JM, Zimanyi CM, Aisenberg W, Bears B, Chen DH, Day JW, Bird TD, Siskind CE, Gaudet R, Sumner CJ. Novel mutations highlight the key role of the ankyrin repeat domain in TRPV4-mediated neuropathy. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2015; 1:e29. [PMID: 27066566 PMCID: PMC4811381 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To characterize 2 novel TRPV4 mutations in 2 unrelated families exhibiting the Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2C (CMT2C) phenotype. Methods: Direct CMT gene testing was performed on 2 unrelated families with CMT2C. A 4-fold symmetric tetramer model of human TRPV4 was generated to map the locations of novel TRPV4 mutations in these families relative to previously identified disease-causing mutations (neuropathy, skeletal dysplasia, and osteoarthropathy). Effects of the mutations on TRPV4 expression, localization, and channel activity were determined by immunocytochemical, immunoblotting, Ca2+ imaging, and cytotoxicity assays. Results: Previous studies suggest that neuropathy-causing mutations occur primarily at arginine residues on the convex face of the TRPV4 ankyrin repeat domain (ARD). Further highlighting the key role of this domain in TRPV4-mediated hereditary neuropathy, we report 2 novel heterozygous missense mutations in the TRPV4-ARD convex face (p.Arg237Gly and p.Arg237Leu). Generation of a model of the TRPV4 homotetramer revealed that while ARD residues mutated in neuropathy (including Arg237) are likely accessible for intermolecular interactions, skeletal dysplasia–causing TRPV4 mutations occur at sites suggesting disruption of intramolecular and/or intersubunit interactions. Like previously described neuropathy-causing mutations, the p.Arg237Gly and p.Arg237Leu substitutions do not alter TRPV4 subcellular localization in transfected cells but cause elevations of cytosolic Ca2+ levels and marked cytotoxicity. Conclusions: These findings expand the number of ARD residues mutated in TRPV4-mediated neuropathy, providing further evidence of the central importance of this domain to TRPV4 function in peripheral nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M Sullivan
- Department of Neurology (J.M.S., W.A., B.B., C.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.M.Z., R.G.), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (D.-H.C., T.D.B.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (J.W.D., C.E.S.), Stanford Health Care, Stanford, CA; and Department of Neuroscience (C.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Christina M Zimanyi
- Department of Neurology (J.M.S., W.A., B.B., C.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.M.Z., R.G.), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (D.-H.C., T.D.B.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (J.W.D., C.E.S.), Stanford Health Care, Stanford, CA; and Department of Neuroscience (C.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - William Aisenberg
- Department of Neurology (J.M.S., W.A., B.B., C.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.M.Z., R.G.), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (D.-H.C., T.D.B.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (J.W.D., C.E.S.), Stanford Health Care, Stanford, CA; and Department of Neuroscience (C.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Breanne Bears
- Department of Neurology (J.M.S., W.A., B.B., C.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.M.Z., R.G.), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (D.-H.C., T.D.B.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (J.W.D., C.E.S.), Stanford Health Care, Stanford, CA; and Department of Neuroscience (C.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Dong-Hui Chen
- Department of Neurology (J.M.S., W.A., B.B., C.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.M.Z., R.G.), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (D.-H.C., T.D.B.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (J.W.D., C.E.S.), Stanford Health Care, Stanford, CA; and Department of Neuroscience (C.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - John W Day
- Department of Neurology (J.M.S., W.A., B.B., C.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.M.Z., R.G.), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (D.-H.C., T.D.B.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (J.W.D., C.E.S.), Stanford Health Care, Stanford, CA; and Department of Neuroscience (C.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Thomas D Bird
- Department of Neurology (J.M.S., W.A., B.B., C.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.M.Z., R.G.), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (D.-H.C., T.D.B.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (J.W.D., C.E.S.), Stanford Health Care, Stanford, CA; and Department of Neuroscience (C.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Carly E Siskind
- Department of Neurology (J.M.S., W.A., B.B., C.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.M.Z., R.G.), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (D.-H.C., T.D.B.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (J.W.D., C.E.S.), Stanford Health Care, Stanford, CA; and Department of Neuroscience (C.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rachelle Gaudet
- Department of Neurology (J.M.S., W.A., B.B., C.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.M.Z., R.G.), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (D.-H.C., T.D.B.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (J.W.D., C.E.S.), Stanford Health Care, Stanford, CA; and Department of Neuroscience (C.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Charlotte J Sumner
- Department of Neurology (J.M.S., W.A., B.B., C.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.M.Z., R.G.), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (D.-H.C., T.D.B.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology (J.W.D., C.E.S.), Stanford Health Care, Stanford, CA; and Department of Neuroscience (C.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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Wu L, Oshima T, Shan J, Sei H, Tomita T, Ohda Y, Fukui H, Watari J, Miwa H. PAR-2 activation enhances weak acid-induced ATP release through TRPV1 and ASIC sensitization in human esophageal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G695-702. [PMID: 26294672 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00162.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal visceral hypersensitivity has been proposed to be the pathogenesis of heartburn sensation in nonerosive reflux disease. Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) is expressed in human esophageal epithelial cells and is believed to play a role in inflammation and sensation. PAR-2 activation may modulate these responses through adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release, which is involved in transduction of sensation and pain. The transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) and acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are both acid-sensitive nociceptors. However, the interaction among these molecules and the mechanisms of heartburn sensation are still not clear. We therefore examined whether ATP release in human esophageal epithelial cells in response to acid is modulated by TRPV1 and ASICs and whether PAR-2 activation influences the sensitivity of TRPV1 and ASICs. Weak acid (pH 5) stimulated the release of ATP from primary human esophageal epithelial cells (HEECs). This effect was significantly reduced after pretreatment with 5-iodoresiniferatoxin (IRTX), a TRPV1-specific antagonist, or with amiloride, a nonselective ASIC blocker. TRPV1 and ASIC3 small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection also decreased weak acid-induced ATP release. Pretreatment of HEECs with trypsin, tryptase, or a PAR-2 agonist enhanced weak acid-induced ATP release. Trypsin treatment led to the phosphorylation of TRPV1. Acid-induced ATP release enhancement by trypsin was partially blocked by IRTX, amiloride, or a PAR-2 antagonist. Conversely, acid-induced ATP release was augmented by PAR-2 activation through TRPV1 and ASICs. These findings suggested that the pathophysiology of heartburn sensation or esophageal hypersensitivity may be associated with the activation of PAR-2, TRPV1, and ASICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan; and Department of Gastroenterology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Tadayuki Oshima
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan; and
| | - Jing Shan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan; and Department of Gastroenterology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Hiroo Sei
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan; and
| | - Toshihiko Tomita
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan; and
| | - Yoshio Ohda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan; and
| | - Hirokazu Fukui
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan; and
| | - Jiro Watari
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan; and
| | - Hiroto Miwa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan; and
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74
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Bertin S, Raz E. Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels in T cells. Semin Immunopathol 2015; 38:309-19. [PMID: 26468011 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0535-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) family of ion channels is widely expressed in many cell types and plays various physiological roles. Growing evidence suggests that certain TRP channels are functionally expressed in the immune system. Indeed, an increasing number of reports have demonstrated the functional expression of several TRP channels in innate and adaptive immune cells and have highlighted their critical role in the activation and function of these cells. However, very few reviews have been entirely dedicated to this subject. Here, we will summarize the recent findings with regards to TRP channel expression in T cells and discuss their emerging role as regulators of T cell activation and functions. Moreover, these studies suggest that beyond their pharmaceutical interest in pain management, certain TRP channels may represent potential novel therapeutic targets for various immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Bertin
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0663, USA.
| | - Eyal Raz
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0663, USA
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75
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Lee LY, Hsu CC, Lin YJ, Lin RL, Khosravi M. Interaction between TRPA1 and TRPV1: Synergy on pulmonary sensory nerves. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2015; 35:87-93. [PMID: 26283426 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin type 1 (TRPA1) and vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptors are co-expressed in vagal pulmonary C-fiber sensory nerves. Because both these ligand-gated non-selective cation channels are sensitive to a number of endogenous inflammatory mediators, it is highly probable that they can be activated simultaneously during airway inflammation. Studies were carried out to investigate whether there is an interaction between these two polymodal transducers upon simultaneous activation, and how it modulates the activity of vagal pulmonary C-fiber sensory nerves. Our studies showed a distinct potentiating effect induced abruptly by simultaneous activations of TRPA1 and TRPV1 by their respective selective agonists, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and capsaicin (Cap), at near-threshold concentrations. This synergistic effect was demonstrated in the studies of single-unit recording of vagal bronchopulmonary C-fiber afferents and the reflex responses elicited by activation of these afferents in intact animals, as well as in the isolated nodose and jugular bronchopulmonary sensory neurons. This potentiating effect was absent when either AITC or Cap was replaced by non-TRPA1 and non-TRPV1 chemical activators of these neurons, demonstrating the selectivity of the interaction between these two TRP channels. Furthermore, the synergism was dependent upon the extracellular Ca(2+), and the rapid onset of the action further suggests that the interaction probably occurred locally at the sites of these channels. These findings suggest that the TRPA1-TRPV1 interaction may play an important role in regulating the function and excitability of pulmonary sensory neurons during airway inflammation, but the mechanism underlying this positive interaction is not yet fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yuan Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA.
| | - Chun-Chun Hsu
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA
| | - Yu-Jung Lin
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA
| | - Ruei-Lung Lin
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA
| | - Mehdi Khosravi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA
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76
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Polymodal Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid (TRPV) Ion Channels in Chondrogenic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:18412-38. [PMID: 26262612 PMCID: PMC4581253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160818412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature and developing chondrocytes exist in a microenvironment where mechanical load, changes of temperature, osmolarity and acidic pH may influence cellular metabolism. Polymodal Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid (TRPV) receptors are environmental sensors mediating responses through activation of linked intracellular signalling pathways. In chondrogenic high density cultures established from limb buds of chicken and mouse embryos, we identified TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3, TRPV4 and TRPV6 mRNA expression with RT-PCR. In both cultures, a switch in the expression pattern of TRPVs was observed during cartilage formation. The inhibition of TRPVs with the non-selective calcium channel blocker ruthenium red diminished chondrogenesis and caused significant inhibition of proliferation. Incubating cell cultures at 41 °C elevated the expression of TRPV1, and increased cartilage matrix production. When chondrogenic cells were exposed to mechanical load at the time of their differentiation into matrix producing chondrocytes, we detected increased mRNA levels of TRPV3. Our results demonstrate that developing chondrocytes express a full palette of TRPV channels and the switch in the expression pattern suggests differentiation stage-dependent roles of TRPVs during cartilage formation. As TRPV1 and TRPV3 expression was altered by thermal and mechanical stimuli, respectively, these are candidate channels that contribute to the transduction of environmental stimuli in chondrogenic cells.
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77
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Garcia-Elias A, Berna-Erro A, Rubio-Moscardo F, Pardo-Pastor C, Mrkonjić S, Sepúlveda RV, Vicente R, González-Nilo F, Valverde MA. Interaction between the Linker, Pre-S1, and TRP Domains Determines Folding, Assembly, and Trafficking of TRPV Channels. Structure 2015; 23:1404-1413. [PMID: 26146187 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Functional transient receptor potential (TRP) channels result from the assembly of four subunits. Here, we show an interaction between the pre-S1, TRP, and the ankyrin repeat domain (ARD)-S1 linker domains of TRPV1 and TRPV4 that is essential for proper channel assembly. Neutralization of TRPV4 pre-S1 K462 resulted in protein retention in the ER, defective glycosylation and trafficking, and unresponsiveness to TRPV4-activating stimuli. Similar results were obtained with the equivalent mutation in TRPV1 pre-S1. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that TRPV4-K462 generated an alternating hydrogen network with E745 (TRP box) and D425 (pre-S1 linker), and that K462Q mutation affected subunit folding. Consistently, single TRPV4-E745A or TRPV4-D425A mutations moderately affected TRPV4 biogenesis while double TRPV4-D425A/E745A mutation resumed the TRPV4-K462Q phenotype. Thus, the interaction between pre-S1, TRP, and linker domains is mandatory to generate a structural conformation that allows the contacts between adjacent subunits to promote correct assembly and trafficking to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Garcia-Elias
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Alejandro Berna-Erro
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Fanny Rubio-Moscardo
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Carlos Pardo-Pastor
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Sanela Mrkonjić
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Romina V Sepúlveda
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. República 239, Santiago 8320000, Chile; Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2366103, Chile
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Fernando González-Nilo
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. República 239, Santiago 8320000, Chile; Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2366103, Chile
| | - Miguel A Valverde
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
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Frank JA, Moroni M, Moshourab R, Sumser M, Lewin GR, Trauner D. Photoswitchable fatty acids enable optical control of TRPV1. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7118. [PMID: 25997690 PMCID: PMC4455067 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are not only essential components of cellular energy storage and structure, but play crucial roles in signalling. Here we present a toolkit of photoswitchable FA analogues (FAAzos) that incorporate an azobenzene photoswitch along the FA chain. By modifying the FAAzos to resemble capsaicin, we prepare a series of photolipids targeting the Vanilloid Receptor 1 (TRPV1), a non-selective cation channel known for its role in nociception. Several azo-capsaicin derivatives (AzCAs) emerge as photoswitchable agonists of TRPV1 that are relatively inactive in the dark and become active on irradiation with ultraviolet-A light. This effect can be rapidly reversed by irradiation with blue light and permits the robust optical control of dorsal root ganglion neurons and C-fibre nociceptors with precision timing and kinetics not available with any other technique. More generally, we expect that photolipids will find many applications in controlling biological pathways that rely on protein–lipid interactions. Fatty acids are ancient lipids with numerous functions, from metabolic processes as a source of energy to structural and signalling roles within cell membranes. Here, the authors present azobenzene-modified fatty acids and their application as photoswitchable agonists of the Vanilloid Receptor 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Allen Frank
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Mirko Moroni
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Rabih Moshourab
- 1] Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin 13125, Germany [2] Department of Anesthesiology, Campus Charité Mitte und Virchow Klinikum, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustburgerplatz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Martin Sumser
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Gary R Lewin
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Munich 81377, Germany
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Xu T, Wu BM, Yao HW, Meng XM, Huang C, Ni MM, Li J. Novel insights into TRPM7 function in fibrotic diseases: a potential therapeutic target. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:1163-9. [PMID: 25204892 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
"Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are cellular sensors for a wide spectrum of physical and chemical stimuli. Activation of TRP channels changes the membrane potential, translocates important signaling ions crossing the cell membrane, alters enzymatic activity, and initiates endocytosis/exocytosis (Zheng, 2013)." Fibrosis is the leading cause of organ dysfunction in diseases, which is characterized by an imbalance in the turnover of extracellular matrix components. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that TRPM7, a member of TRP channels superfamily, participates in the development and pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases, such as hepatic, pulmonary and cardiac fibrosis. In this review, we discuss the comprehensive role of TRPM7 in modulating profibrotic response and its potential as therapeutic target for fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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80
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Hsu CC, Lee LY. Role of calcium ions in the positive interaction between TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels in bronchopulmonary sensory neurons. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 118:1533-43. [PMID: 25858491 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00043.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Both transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptors are abundantly expressed in bronchopulmonary C-fiber sensory nerves and can be activated by a number of endogenous inflammatory mediators. A recent study has reported a synergistic effect of simultaneous TRPA1 and TRPV1 activations in vagal pulmonary C-fiber afferents in anesthetized rats, but its underlying mechanism was not known. This study aimed to characterize a possible interaction between these two TRP channels and to investigate the potential role of Ca(2+) as a mediator of this interaction in isolated rat vagal pulmonary sensory neurons. Using the perforated patch-clamp recording technique, our study demonstrated a distinct positive interaction occurring abruptly between TRPA1 and TRPV1 when they were activated simultaneously by their respective agonists, capsaicin (Cap) and allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), at near-threshold concentrations in these neurons. AITC at this low concentration evoked only minimal or undetectable responses, but it markedly amplified the Cap-evoked current in the same neurons. This potentiating effect was eliminated when either AITC or Cap was replaced by non-TRPA1 and non-TRPV1 chemical activators of these neurons, demonstrating the selectivity of the interaction between these two TRP channels. Furthermore, when Ca(2+) was removed from the extracellular solution, the synergistic effect of Cap and AITC on pulmonary sensory neurons was completely abrogated, clearly indicating a critical role of Ca(2+) in mediating the action. These results suggest that this TRPA1-TRPV1 interaction may play a part in regulating the sensitivity of pulmonary sensory neurons during airway inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chun Hsu
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Lu-Yuan Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
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81
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Storti B, Di Rienzo C, Cardarelli F, Bizzarri R, Beltram F. Unveiling TRPV1 spatio-temporal organization in live cell membranes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116900. [PMID: 25764349 PMCID: PMC4357434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a non-selective cation channel that integrates several stimuli into nociception and neurogenic inflammation. Here we investigated the subtle TRPV1 interplay with candidate membrane partners in live cells by a combination of spatio-temporal fluctuation techniques and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) imaging. We show that TRPV1 is split into three populations with fairly different molecular properties: one binding to caveolin-1 and confined into caveolar structures, one actively guided by microtubules through selective binding, and one which diffuses freely and is not directly implicated in regulating receptor functionality. The emergence of caveolin-1 as a new interactor of TRPV1 evokes caveolar endocytosis as the main desensitization pathway of TRPV1 receptor, while microtubule binding agrees with previous data suggesting the receptor stabilization in functional form by these cytoskeletal components. Our results shed light on the hitherto unknown relationships between spatial organization and TRPV1 function in live-cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Storti
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze—CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carmine Di Rienzo
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze—CNR, Pisa, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Cardarelli
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ranieri Bizzarri
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze—CNR, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Fabio Beltram
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze—CNR, Pisa, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pisa, Italy
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82
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Mickle AD, Shepherd AJ, Mohapatra DP. Sensory TRP channels: the key transducers of nociception and pain. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 131:73-118. [PMID: 25744671 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral detection of nociceptive and painful stimuli by sensory neurons involves a complex repertoire of molecular detectors and/or transducers on distinct subsets of nerve fibers. The majority of such molecular detectors/transducers belong to the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of cation channels, which comprise both specific receptors for distinct nociceptive stimuli, as well as for multiple stimuli. This chapter discusses the classification, distribution, and functional properties of individual TRP channel types that have been implicated in various nociceptive and/or painful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Mickle
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucile A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew J Shepherd
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucile A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Durga P Mohapatra
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucile A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Department of Anesthesia, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucile A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
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83
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Yue Z, Xie J, Yu AS, Stock J, Du J, Yue L. Role of TRP channels in the cardiovascular system. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H157-82. [PMID: 25416190 PMCID: PMC4312948 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00457.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily consists of a large number of nonselective cation channels with variable degree of Ca(2+)-permeability. The 28 mammalian TRP channel proteins can be grouped into six subfamilies: canonical, vanilloid, melastatin, ankyrin, polycystic, and mucolipin TRPs. The majority of these TRP channels are expressed in different cell types including both excitable and nonexcitable cells of the cardiovascular system. Unlike voltage-gated ion channels, TRP channels do not have a typical voltage sensor, but instead can sense a variety of other stimuli including pressure, shear stress, mechanical stretch, oxidative stress, lipid environment alterations, hypertrophic signals, and inflammation products. By integrating multiple stimuli and transducing their activity to downstream cellular signal pathways via Ca(2+) entry and/or membrane depolarization, TRP channels play an essential role in regulating fundamental cell functions such as contraction, relaxation, proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. With the use of targeted deletion and transgenic mouse models, recent studies have revealed that TRP channels are involved in numerous cellular functions and play an important role in the pathophysiology of many diseases in the cardiovascular system. Moreover, several TRP channels are involved in inherited diseases of the cardiovascular system. This review presents an overview of current knowledge concerning the physiological functions of TRP channels in the cardiovascular system and their contributions to cardiovascular diseases. Ultimately, TRP channels may become potential therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Yue
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Jia Xie
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Albert S Yu
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Jonathan Stock
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Jianyang Du
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Lixia Yue
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
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84
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Weng HJ, Patel KN, Jeske NA, Bierbower SM, Zou W, Tiwari V, Zheng Q, Tang Z, Mo GCH, Wang Y, Geng Y, Zhang J, Guan Y, Akopian AN, Dong X. Tmem100 Is a Regulator of TRPA1-TRPV1 Complex and Contributes to Persistent Pain. Neuron 2015; 85:833-46. [PMID: 25640077 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
TRPA1 and TRPV1 are crucial pain mediators, but how their interaction contributes to persistent pain is unknown. Here, we identify Tmem100 as a potentiating modulator of TRPA1-V1 complexes. Tmem100 is coexpressed and forms a complex with TRPA1 and TRPV1 in DRG neurons. Tmem100-deficient mice show a reduction in inflammatory mechanical hyperalgesia and TRPA1- but not TRPV1-mediated pain. Single-channel recording in a heterologous system reveals that Tmem100 selectively potentiates TRPA1 activity in a TRPV1-dependent manner. Mechanistically, Tmem100 weakens the association of TRPA1 and TRPV1, thereby releasing the inhibition of TRPA1 by TRPV1. A Tmem100 mutant, Tmem100-3Q, exerts the opposite effect; i.e., it enhances the association of TRPA1 and TRPV1 and strongly inhibits TRPA1. Strikingly, a cell-permeable peptide (CPP) containing the C-terminal sequence of Tmem100-3Q mimics its effect and inhibits persistent pain. Our study unveils a context-dependent modulation of the TRPA1-V1 complex, and Tmem100-3Q CPP is a promising pain therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jui Weng
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City 100, Taiwan
| | - Kush N Patel
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nathaniel A Jeske
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Sonya M Bierbower
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Wangyuan Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Qin Zheng
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zongxiang Tang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Gary C H Mo
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yixun Geng
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yun Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Armen N Akopian
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Liu W, Liu MR, Zhang H. Expression of TRPV5 and TRPV6 in development of colonic adenocarcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:5422-5431. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i35.5422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 5 (TRPV5) and TRPV6 in the development of colon adenocarcinoma and to discuss the role of TRPV5 and TRPV6 in the carcinogenesis of this malignancy.
METHODS: TRPV5, TRPV6 and Ki-67 expression was examined by immunohistochemical staining, RT-PCR, and Western blot in 20 colonic hyperplastic polyp, 20 colonic adenoma (40 for immunohistochemical staining), 20 colonic adenocarcinoma, and 20 normal colonic mucosal tissues obtained by endoscopic biopsy, surgical resection or endoscopic polypectomy. The relationship between the expression of TRPV6 and TRPV5 and the carcinogenesis of colon adenocarcinoma was then assessed.
RESULTS: TRPV5 and TRPV6 expression was detectable in the normal colon, colonic polyp and colonic cancer tissues, mainly localized in the cytoplasm. The expression of Ki-67 increased with the increase in TRPV5 and TRPV6 expression (P < 0.05). TRPV5 and TRPV6 proteins and mRNAs were weakly or not expressed in normal intestinal mucosa and non-adenoma polyps (P > 0.05), but were highly expressed in colon adenoma and colon adenocarcinoma (P < 0.05). TRPV5 and TRPV6 expression had a significant correlation with histological type (P < 0.05). In the colonic mucosa, TRPV5 expression was lower than TRPV6 expression (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: TRPV5 and TRPV6 show high expression in colon adenoma and adenocarcinoma, and Ki-67 expression is correlated with TRPV5 and TRPV6 expression. TRPV5 and TRPV6 might be related with the extent of tissue proliferation and the risk of malignant transformation of polyps. TRPV5 and TRPV6 may play an important role in the carcinogenesis and development of colonic adenocarcinoma.
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Abstract
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To
date, 28 mammalian transient receptor potential (TRP) channels
have been cloned and characterized. They are grouped into six subfamilies
on the basis of their amino acid sequence homology: TRP Ankyrin (TRPA),
TRP Canonical (TRPC), TRP Melastatin (TRPM), TRP Mucolipin (TRPML),
TRP Polycystin (TRPP), and TRP Vanilloid (TRPV). Most of the TRP channels
are nonselective cation channels expressed on the cell membrane and
exhibit variable permeability ratios for Ca2+ versus Na+. They mediate sensory functions (such as vision, nociception,
taste transduction, temperature sensation, and pheromone signaling)
and homeostatic functions (such as divalent cation flux, hormone release,
and osmoregulation). Significant progress has been made in our understanding
of the specific roles of these TRP channels and their activation mechanisms.
In this Review, the emphasis will be on the activation of TRP channels
by phytochemicals that are claimed to exert health benefits. Recent
findings complement the anecdotal evidence that some of these phytochemicals
have specific receptors and the activation of which is responsible
for the physiological effects. Now, the targets for these phytochemicals
are being unveiled; a specific hypothesis can be proposed and tested
experimentally to infer a scientific validity of the claims of the
health benefits. The broader and pressing issues that have to be addressed
are related to the quantities of the active ingredients in a given
preparation, their bioavailability, metabolism, adverse effects, excretion,
and systemic versus local effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis S. Premkumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois 62702, United States
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Su KH, Lin SJ, Wei J, Lee KI, Zhao JF, Shyue SK, Lee TS. The essential role of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 in simvastatin-induced activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and angiogenesis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 212:191-204. [PMID: 25183024 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor type 1 (TRPV1) in simvastatin-mediated activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and angiogenesis. METHODS Fluo-8 NW assay was for Ca(2+) detection; Griess's assay was for NO bioavailability; Western blotting and immunoprecipitation were for protein phosphorylation and interaction; tube formation and Matrigel plug assay were for angiogenesis. RESULTS In endothelial cells (ECs), treatment with simvastatin time-dependently increased intracellular level of Ca(2+). Pharmacological inhibition or genetic disruption of TRPV1 abrogated simvastatin-mediated elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) in ECs or TRPV1-transfected HEK293 cells. Loss of TRPV1 function abolished simvastatin-induced NO production and phosphorylation of eNOS and calmodulin protein kinase II (CaMKII) in ECs and in aortas of mice. Inhibition of TRPV1 activation prevented the simvastatin-elicited increase in the formation of TRPV1-Akt-CaMKII-AMPK-eNOS complex. In mice, Matrigel plug assay showed that simvastatin-evoked angiogenesis was abolished by TRPV1 antagonist and genetic ablation of TRPV1. Additionally, our results demonstrated that TRP ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is the downstream effector in the simvastatin-activated TRPV1-Ca(2+) signalling and in the consequent NO production and angiogenesis as evidence by that re-expression of TRPA1 further augmented simvastatin-elicited Ca(2+) influx in TRPV1-expressed HEK293 cells and ablation of TRPA1 function profoundly inhibited the simvastatin-induced increase in the phosphorylation of eNOS and CaMKII, formation of TRPV1-Akt-CaMKII-AMPK-eNOS complex, NO bioavailability, tube formation and angiogenesis in ECs or mice. CONCLUSION Simvastatin-induced Ca(2+) influx may through the activation of TRPV1-TRPA1 signalling, which leads to phosphorylation of CaMKII, increases in the formation of TRPV1-CaMKII-AMPK-eNOS complex, eNOS activation, NO production and, ultimately, angiogenesis in ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.-H. Su
- Institute of Physiology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - S.-J. Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine; Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - J. Wei
- Heart Center; Cheng-Hsin General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - K.-I. Lee
- Institute of Physiology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - J.-F. Zhao
- Institute of Physiology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - S.-K. Shyue
- Cardiovascular Division; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
| | - T.-S. Lee
- Institute of Physiology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
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88
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Ryskamp DA, Redmon S, Jo AO, Križaj D. TRPV1 and Endocannabinoids: Emerging Molecular Signals that Modulate Mammalian Vision. Cells 2014; 3:914-38. [PMID: 25222270 PMCID: PMC4197638 DOI: 10.3390/cells3030914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) subunits form a polymodal cation channel responsive to capsaicin, heat, acidity and endogenous metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids. While originally reported to serve as a pain and heat detector in the peripheral nervous system, TRPV1 has been implicated in the modulation of blood flow and osmoregulation but also neurotransmission, postsynaptic neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity within the central nervous system. In addition to its central role in nociception, evidence is accumulating that TRPV1 contributes to stimulus transduction and/or processing in other sensory modalities, including thermosensation, mechanotransduction and vision. For example, TRPV1, in conjunction with intrinsic cannabinoid signaling, might contribute to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axonal transport and excitability, cytokine release from microglial cells and regulation of retinal vasculature. While excessive TRPV1 activity was proposed to induce RGC excitotoxicity, physiological TRPV1 activity might serve a neuroprotective function within the complex context of retinal endocannabinoid signaling. In this review we evaluate the current evidence for localization and function of TRPV1 channels within the mammalian retina and explore the potential interaction of this intriguing nociceptor with endogenous agonists and modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Ryskamp
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| | - Sarah Redmon
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| | - Andrew O Jo
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| | - David Križaj
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
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89
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Villalta PC, Townsley MI. Transient receptor potential channels and regulation of lung endothelial permeability. Pulm Circ 2014; 3:802-15. [PMID: 25006396 DOI: 10.1086/674765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review highlights our current knowledge regarding expression of transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels in lung endothelium and evidence for their involvement in regulation of lung endothelial permeability. Six mammalian TRP families have been identified and organized on the basis of sequence homology: TRPC (canonical), TRPV (vanilloid), TRPM (melastatin), TRPML (mucolipin), TRPP (polycystin), and TRPA (ankyrin). To date, only TRPC1/4, TRPC6, TRPV4, and TRPM2 have been extensively studied in lung endothelium. Calcium influx through each of these channels has been documented to increase lung endothelial permeability, although their channel-gating mechanisms, downstream signaling mechanisms, and impact on endothelial structure and barrier integrity differ. While other members of the TRPC, TRPV, and TRPM families may be expressed in lung endothelium, we have little or no evidence linking these to regulation of lung endothelial permeability. Further, neither the expression nor functional role(s) of any TRPML, TRPP, and TRPA family members has been studied in lung endothelium. In addition to this assessment organized by TRP channel family, we also discuss TRP channels and lung endothelial permeability from the perspective of lung endothelial heterogeneity, using outcomes of studies focused on TRPC1/4 and TRPV4 channels. The diversity within the TRP channel family and the relative paucity of information regarding roles of a number of these channels in lung endothelium make this field ripe for continued investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia C Villalta
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Mary I Townsley
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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90
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Nilius B, Szallasi A. Transient Receptor Potential Channels as Drug Targets: From the Science of Basic Research to the Art of Medicine. Pharmacol Rev 2014; 66:676-814. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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91
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Pertusa M, González A, Hardy P, Madrid R, Viana F. Bidirectional modulation of thermal and chemical sensitivity of TRPM8 channels by the initial region of the N-terminal domain. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:21828-43. [PMID: 24917670 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.565994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPM8, a nonselective cation channel activated by cold, voltage, and cooling compounds such as menthol, is the principal molecular detector of cold temperatures in primary sensory neurons of the somatosensory system. The N-terminal domain of TRPM8 consists of 693 amino acids, but little is known about its contribution to channel function. Here, we identified two distinct regions within the initial N terminus of TRPM8 that contribute differentially to channel activity and proper folding and assembly. Deletion or substitution of the first 40 residues yielded channels with augmented responses to cold and menthol. The thermal threshold of activation of these mutants was shifted 2 °C to higher temperatures, and the menthol dose-response curve was displaced to lower concentrations. Site-directed mutagenesis screening revealed that single point mutations at positions Ser-26 or Ser-27 by proline caused a comparable increase in the responses to cold and menthol. Electrophysiological analysis of the S27P mutant revealed that the enhanced sensitivity to agonists is related to a leftward shift in the voltage dependence of activation, increasing the probability of channel openings at physiological membrane potentials. In addition, we found that the region encompassing positions 40-60 is a key element in the proper folding and assembly of TRPM8. Different deletions and mutations within this region rendered channels with an impaired function that are retained within the endoplasmic reticulum. Our results suggest a critical contribution of the initial region of the N-terminal domain of TRPM8 to thermal and chemical sensitivity and the proper biogenesis of this polymodal ion channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pertusa
- From the Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9160000 Santiago, Chile and the Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Alejandro González
- From the Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9160000 Santiago, Chile and
| | - Paulina Hardy
- From the Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9160000 Santiago, Chile and
| | - Rodolfo Madrid
- From the Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9160000 Santiago, Chile and
| | - Félix Viana
- the Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 03550 Alicante, Spain
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92
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Liu W, Liu MR, Zhang H. Novel calcium ion channels TRPV5 and TRPV6 and gastrointestinal tumors. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:1966-1971. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i14.1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 5 (TRPV5) and TRPV6 are the subfamily members of the transient receptor potential (TRP), representing new highly selective Ca2+ membrane transport channels, which are mainly responsible for active transport of Ca2+ across the cell membrane and participate in regulation of many physiological activities in the body. This paper discusses the structures and electrophysiological properties of TRPV5 and TRPV6, their related factors and their relationship with gastrointestinal tumors, highlighting the role of TRPV5 and TRPV6 in the formation of gastrointestinal tumors.
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93
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Fischer MJM, Balasuriya D, Jeggle P, Goetze TA, McNaughton PA, Reeh PW, Edwardson JM. Direct evidence for functional TRPV1/TRPA1 heteromers. Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:2229-41. [PMID: 24643480 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 (TRPV1) plays a key role in sensing environmental hazards and in enhanced pain sensation following inflammation. A considerable proportion of TRPV1-expressing cells also express transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1 (TRPA1). There is evidence for a TRPV1-TRPA1 interaction that is predominantly calcium-dependent, and it has been suggested that the two proteins might form a heteromeric channel. Here, we constructed subunit concatemers to search for direct evidence for such an interaction. We found that a TRPV1::TRPV1 concatemer and TRPV1 formed channels with similar properties. A TRPV1::TRPA1 concatemer was responsive to TRPV1 agonists capsaicin, acidic pH and ethanol, but not to TRPA1 agonists. Isolated TRPV1 and TRPV1::TRPA1 imaged by atomic force microscopy (AFM) both had molecular volumes consistent with the formation of tetrameric channels. Antibodies decorated epitope tags on TRPV1 with a four-fold symmetry, as expected for a homotetramer. In contrast, pairs of antibodies decorated tags on TRPV1::TRPA1 predominantly at 180°, indicating the formation of a channel consisting of two TRPV1::TRPA1 concatemers arranged face to face. TRPV1::TRPA1 was sensitized by PKC activation and could be inhibited by a TRPV1 antagonist. TRPV1::TRPA1 was activated by heat and displayed a threshold and temperature coefficient similar to TRPV1. However, the channel formed by TRPV1::TRPA1 has only two binding sites for capsaicin and shows less total current and a smaller capsaicin-induced shift in voltage-dependent gating than TRPV1::TRPV1 or TRPV1. We conclude that the presence of TRPA1 exerts a functional inhibition on TRPV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J M Fischer
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitätsstrasse 17, 91052, Erlangen, Germany,
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94
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Bourinet E, Altier C, Hildebrand ME, Trang T, Salter MW, Zamponi GW. Calcium-permeable ion channels in pain signaling. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:81-140. [PMID: 24382884 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00023.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection and processing of painful stimuli in afferent sensory neurons is critically dependent on a wide range of different types of voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels, including sodium, calcium, and TRP channels, to name a few. The functions of these channels include the detection of mechanical and chemical insults, the generation of action potentials and regulation of neuronal firing patterns, the initiation of neurotransmitter release at dorsal horn synapses, and the ensuing activation of spinal cord neurons that project to pain centers in the brain. Long-term changes in ion channel expression and function are thought to contribute to chronic pain states. Many of the channels involved in the afferent pain pathway are permeable to calcium ions, suggesting a role in cell signaling beyond the mere generation of electrical activity. In this article, we provide a broad overview of different calcium-permeable ion channels in the afferent pain pathway and their role in pain pathophysiology.
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95
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Mistry S, Paule CC, Varga A, Photiou A, Jenes A, Avelino A, Buluwela L, Nagy I. Prolonged exposure to bradykinin and prostaglandin E2 increases TRPV1 mRNA but does not alter TRPV1 and TRPV1b protein expression in cultured rat primary sensory neurons. Neurosci Lett 2014; 564:89-93. [PMID: 24525250 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Sensitisation of the capsaicin receptor, transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) ion channel in nociceptive primary sensory neurons (PSN) underlies the development of inflammatory heat hyperalgesia. Removal of the negative-dominant splice variant of the TRPV1 molecule, TRPV1b from TRPV1/TRPV1b heterotetrameric channels, which should be associated with changes in the expression of TRPV1 and TRPV1b transcripts and proteins, has been suggested to contribute to that sensitisation. Respective reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western-blotting revealed that both TRPV1 and TRPV1b mRNA, and their encoded proteins are expressed in rat cultured PSN. Sequencing of the RT-PCR products showed that TRPV1b mRNA lacks the entire exon 7. Further, growing PSN for 2 days in the presence of 10μM bradykinin (BK) and 10μM prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) significantly increases TRPV1 responsiveness and TRPV1 mRNA expression, without producing any changes in TRPV1b mRNA, and TRPV1 and TRPV1b protein expression. These data challenge the hypothesis that alterations in the composition of the TRPV1 ion channel contributes to the sensitisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Mistry
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road. London, SW10 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Cleoper C Paule
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road. London, SW10 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Angelika Varga
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road. London, SW10 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Photiou
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery and Cancer Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Agnes Jenes
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road. London, SW10 9NH, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Centre, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, H-4012, Hungary
| | - Antonio Avelino
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal; IBMC, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laki Buluwela
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery and Cancer Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Istvan Nagy
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road. London, SW10 9NH, United Kingdom.
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96
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Andrukhova O, Smorodchenko A, Egerbacher M, Streicher C, Zeitz U, Goetz R, Shalhoub V, Mohammadi M, Pohl EE, Lanske B, Erben RG. FGF23 promotes renal calcium reabsorption through the TRPV5 channel. EMBO J 2014; 33:229-46. [PMID: 24434184 PMCID: PMC3983685 DOI: 10.1002/embj.201284188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
αKlotho is thought to activate the epithelial calcium channel Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-5 (TRPV5) in distal renal tubules through its putative glucuronidase/sialidase activity, thereby preventing renal calcium loss. However, αKlotho also functions as the obligatory co-receptor for fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23), a bone-derived phosphaturic hormone. Here, we show that renal calcium reabsorption and renal membrane abundance of TRPV5 are reduced in Fgf23 knockout mice, similar to what is seen in αKlotho knockout mice. We further demonstrate that αKlotho neither co-localizes with TRPV5 nor is regulated by FGF23. Rather, apical membrane abundance of TRPV5 in renal distal tubules and thus renal calcium reabsorption are regulated by FGF23, which binds the FGF receptor-αKlotho complex and activates a signaling cascade involving ERK1/2, SGK1, and WNK4. Our data thereby identify FGF23, not αKlotho, as a calcium-conserving hormone in the kidney.
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97
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Abstract
TRPV5 is one of the two channels in the TRPV family that exhibit high selectivity to Ca(2+) ions. TRPV5 mediates Ca(2+) influx into cells as the first step to transport Ca(2+) across epithelia. The specialized distribution in the distal tubule of the kidney positions TRPV5 as a key player in Ca(2+) reabsorption. The responsiveness in expression and/or activity of TRPV5 to hormones such as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, parathyroid hormone, estrogen, and testosterone makes TRPV5 suitable for its role in the fine-tuning of Ca(2+) reabsorption. This role is further optimized by the modulation of TRPV5 trafficking and activity via its binding partners; co-expressed proteins; tubular factors such as calbindin-D28k, calmodulin, klotho, uromodulin, and plasmin; extracellular and intracellular factors such as proton, Mg(2+), Ca(2+), and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate; and fluid flow. These regulations allow TRPV5 to adjust its overall activity in response to the body's demand for Ca(2+) and to prevent kidney stone formation. A point mutation in mouse Trpv5 gene leads to hypercalciuria similar to Trpv5 knockout mice, suggesting a possible role of TRPV5 in hypercalciuric disorders in humans. In addition, the single nucleotide polymorphisms in Trpv5 gene prevalently present in African descents may contribute to the efficient renal Ca(2+) reabsorption among African descendants. TRPV5 represents a potential therapeutic target for disorders with altered Ca(2+) homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Na
- Cell Collection and Research Center, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
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98
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Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid-3 (TRPV3) is a Ca(2+)-permeable nonselective cation channel widely expressed in skin keratinocytes, as well as oral and nasal epithelia. TRPV3 is activated by innocuous warm as well as noxious hot temperatures. Activation of TRPV3 in skin keratinocytes causes release of multiple substances, which in turn regulate diverse functions including skin barrier formation, hair growth, wound healing, temperature sensing, and itch and pain perceptions. While several natural and synthetic ligands have been described for TRPV3, only one of them, farnesyl pyrophosphate, is naturally produced in animal cells. Together with the use of genetic mouse models, applications of these compounds have revealed not only the physiological functions but also regulatory mechanisms of TRPV3 channel by extracellular Ca(2+), Mg(2+), and protons as well as intracellular Ca(2+)-calmodulin, ATP, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, polyunsaturated fatty acids, protons, and Mg(2+). Gain-of-function genetic mutations of TRPV3 in rodents and humans have been instrumental in unveiling the critical role of this channel in skin health and disease.
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99
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Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 2, TRPV2, is a calcium-permeable cation channel belonging to the TRPV channel family. This channel is activated by heat (>52 °C), various ligands, and mechanical stresses. In most of the cells, a large portion of TRPV2 is located in the endoplasmic reticulum under unstimulated conditions. Upon stimulation of the cells with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-activating ligands, TRPV2 is translocated to the plasma membrane and functions as a cation channel. Mechanical stress may also induce translocation of TRPV2 to the plasma membrane. The expression of TRPV2 is high in some types of cells including neurons, neuroendocrine cells, immune cells involved in innate immunity, and certain types of cancer cells. TRPV2 may modulate various cellular functions in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Kojima
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular & Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma Prefecture, 371-8511, Japan,
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100
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Abstract
TRPV6 (former synonyms ECAC2, CaT1, CaT-like) displays several specific features which makes it unique among the members of the mammalian Trp gene family (1) TRPV6 (and its closest relative, TRPV5) are the only highly Ca(2+)-selective channels of the entire TRP superfamily (Peng et al. 1999; Wissenbach et al. 2001; Voets et al. 2004). (2) Translation of Trpv6 initiates at a non-AUG codon, at ACG, located upstream of the annotated AUG, which is not used for initiation (Fecher-Trost et al. 2013). The ACG codon is nevertheless decoded by methionine. Not only a very rare event in eukaryotic biology, the full-length TRPV6 protein existing in vivo comprises an amino terminus extended by 40 amino acid residues compared to the annotated truncated TRPV6 protein which has been used in most studies on TRPV6 channel activity so far. (In the following numbering occurs according to this full-length protein, with the numbers of the so far annotated truncated protein in brackets). (3) Only in humans a coupled polymorphism of Trpv6 exists causing three amino acid exchanges and resulting in an ancestral Trpv6 haplotype and a so-called derived Trpv6 haplotype (Wissenbach et al. 2001). The ancestral allele encodes the amino acid residues C197(157), M418(378) and M721(681) and the derived alleles R197(157), V418(378) and T721(681). The ancestral haplotype is found in all species, the derived Trpv6 haplotype has only been identified in humans, and its frequency increases with the distance to the African continent. Apparently the Trpv6 gene has been a strong target for selection in humans, and its derived variant is one of the few examples showing consistently differences to the orthologues genes of other primates (Akey et al. 2004, 2006; Stajich and Hahn 2005; Hughes et al. 2008). (4) The Trpv6 gene expression is significantly upregulated in several human malignancies including the most common cancers, prostate and breast cancer (Wissenbach et al. 2001; Zhuang et al. 2002; Fixemer et al. 2003; Bolanz et al. 2008). (5) Male mice lacking functional TRPV6 channels are hypo-/infertile making TRPV6 one of the very few channels essential for male fertility (Weissgerber et al. 2011, 2012).
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fecher-Trost
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66421, Homburg, Germany
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