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Recovery after General Anaesthesia in Adult Horses: A Structured Summary of the Literature. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061777. [PMID: 34198637 PMCID: PMC8232193 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recovery is the most dangerous phase of general anaesthesia in horses. Numerous publications have reported about this phase, but structured reviews that try to reduce the risk of bias of narrative reviews/expert opinions, focussing on the topic are missing. Therefore, the aim of the present article was to publish the first structured review as a summary of the literature focussing on the recovery phase after general anaesthesia in horses. The objective was to summarise the available literature, taking into account the scientific evidence of the individual studies. A structured approach was followed with two experts in the field independently deciding on article inclusion and its level of scientific evidence. A total number of 444 articles, sorted by topics and classified based on their levels of evidence, were finally included into the present summary. The most important findings were summarised and discussed. The present structured review can be used as a compilation of the publications that, to date, focus on the recovery phase after general anaesthesia in adult horses. This type of review tries to minimise the risk of bias inherent to narrative reviews/expert opinions. Abstract Recovery remains the most dangerous phase of general anaesthesia in horses. The objective of this publication was to perform a structured literature review including levels of evidence (LoE) of each study with the keywords “recovery anaesthesia horse”, entered at once, in the search browsers PubMed and Web of Science. The two authors independently evaluated each candidate article. A final list with 444 articles was obtained on 5 April 2021, classified as: 41 “narrative reviews/expert opinions”, 16 “retrospective outcome studies”, 5 “surveys”, 59 “premedication/sedation and induction drugs”, 27 “maintenance with inhalant agents”, 55 “maintenance with total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA)”, 3 “TIVA versus inhalants”, 56 “maintenance with partial intravenous anaesthesia (PIVA)”, 27 “other drugs used during maintenance”, 18 “drugs before/during recovery”, 18 “recovery systems”, 21 “respiratory system in recovery”, 41 “other factors”, 51 “case series/reports” and 6 “systems to score recoveries”. Of them, 167 were LoE 1, 36 LoE 2, 33 LoE 3, 110 LoE 4, 90 LoE 5 and 8 could not be classified based on the available abstract. This review can be used as an up-to-date compilation of the literature about recovery after general anaesthesia in adult horses that tried to minimise the bias inherent to narrative reviews.
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The Gingiva from the Tissue Surrounding the Bone to the Tissue Regenerating the Bone: A Systematic Review of the Osteogenic Capacity of Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Preclinical Studies. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6698100. [PMID: 34234830 PMCID: PMC8218920 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6698100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current review aims to systematically assess the osteogenic capacity of gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) in preclinical studies. A comprehensive electronic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, as well as a manual search of relevant references, was performed in June 2020 without date or language restrictions. Eligibility criteria were the following: studies that compared mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from the gingiva with other MSC sources (in vitro or in vivo) or cell-free scaffold (in vivo) and studies that reported at least one of the following outcomes: osteogenic potential and new bone formation for in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Moreover, the assessment of included studies was conducted using appropriate guidelines. From 646 initial retrieved studies, 35 full-text articles were subjected to further screening and 26 studies were selected (20 in vitro studies and 6 in vivo studies). GMSCs showed great proliferation capacity and expressed recognized mesenchymal stem cell markers, particularly CD90. In vitro, MSC sources including GMSCs were capable of undergoing osteogenic differentiation with less ability in GMSCs, while most in vivo studies confirmed the capacity of GMSCs to regenerate bony defects. Concerning the assessment of methodological quality, in vitro studies met the relevant guideline except in five areas: the sample size calculation, randomization, allocation concealment, implementation, and blinding, and in vivo publications had probably low risk of bias in most domains except in three areas: allocation concealment, attrition, and blinding items.
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Sharma BM, Kalina J, Whaley P, Scheringer M. Towards guidelines for time-trend reviews examining temporal variability in human biomonitoring data of pollutants. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 151:106437. [PMID: 33626456 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, a plethora of studies have focused on human biomonitoring (HBM) of chemical pollutants. Reviewing the copious HBM data reported in these studies is essential for evaluating the effectiveness of pollution management efforts, for example by evaluating time-trends. Nevertheless, guidance to systematically evaluate time trends in published HBM data has never been developed. In this study, we therefore present a proposal for guidelines to conduct "time-trend reviews" (TTRs) that examine time trends in published large HBM datasets of chemical pollutant concentrations. We also demonstrate the applicability of these guidelines through a case study that assesses time-trends in global and regional HBM data on mercury. The recommended TTR guidelines in this study are divided into seven steps: formulating the objective of the TTR, setting up of eligibility criteria, defining search strategy and screening of literature, screening results of search, extracting data, analysing data, and assessing certainty, including the potential for bias in the evidence base. The TTR guidelines proposed in this study are straightforward and less complex than those for conducting systematic reviews assessing datasets on potential human health effects of exposure to pollutants or medical interventions. These proposed guidelines are intended to enable the credible, transparent, and reproducible conduct of TTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiří Kalina
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Paul Whaley
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Scheringer
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Wang L, Xie S, Zhu S, Gao C, He C. Efficacy of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields on Experimental Osteopenia in Rodents: A Systematic Review. Bioelectromagnetics 2021; 42:415-431. [PMID: 34004034 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis leads to increased bone fragility and risk of fractures. Different strategies have been employed to reduce bone loss, including the use of a pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF). Although many experimental studies have demonstrated the effect of PEMF on reduction of bone loss, the outcomes studied are varied and insufficient, and the quality of evidence is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this review was to assess the preclinical evidence on the effect of PEMF on bone loss. The existing challenges were also evaluated, and suggestions were provided to strengthen the quality of evidence in future studies. All original articles concerning the effect of PEMF on osteoporosis in animal models were included. Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria, 23 of which suggested that PEMF was effective in reducing bone loss, while one study failed to demonstrate any benefit. Risk of bias analysis suggested that information on key measures to reduce bias was frequently not reported. Animal models for osteoporosis, PEMF intervention regimens, outcomes, and specific bone detection sites seemed to influence the efficacy of PEMF in osteoporosis. Our results indicate the potential benefits of PEMF selection in animal models of osteoporosis. However, due to the heterogeneity of the parameters and the quality of the included literature, comprehensive studies using standardized protocols are warranted to confirm the results. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Rehabilitation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Suhang Xie
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Rehabilitation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Siyi Zhu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Rehabilitation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Chengfei Gao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Chengqi He
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Rehabilitation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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55
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A practical guide to preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain 2021; 161:1949-1954. [PMID: 33449500 PMCID: PMC7431149 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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56
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Langendam MW, Magnuson K, Williams AR, Walker VR, Howdeshell KL, Rooney AA, Hooijmans CR. Developing a database of systematic reviews of animal studies. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 123:104940. [PMID: 33964349 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Systematic reviews (SRs) are common practice in clinical and public health research, but less common in non-human animal research. Systematic reviews of animal studies can be valuable to inform clinical research, to evaluate the need for further animal experiments on a given topic, and to assess the hazard of an environmental exposure in the evaluation of toxicological studies. In the last 10 years, there has been an increase in the number of SRs of animal research, as well as several publications with detailed guidance on how to perform high-quality systematic reviews of experimental animal studies. In order to evaluate current analytical approaches used in SRs of animal studies, easily identify all systematic reviews on a specific topic, and subsequently the original animal studies and their results and promote awareness and understanding of these emerging approaches, we compiled a database of SRs of animal studies. The database was developed using a rigorous, systematic approach and covers a broad range of research fields: preclinical research, toxicology, environmental health, and veterinary medicine. The database currently includes 3113 SRs of animal studies (search date June 2019). In addition to bibliographical information, data on whether or not a risk of bias assessment and meta-analysis were conducted were extracted. For future users, the search features of the database provide users with a platform to identify and select SRs with a particular characteristic for export to Microsoft Word or Microsoft Excel. From there, users may perform additional data extraction to meet their research needs. The database is freely available at www.Mendeley.com (link). The database provides methodologists a comprehensive source that can be used to explore and advance the current methodology applied to SRs of animal studies, and can help researchers to easily identify all systematic reviews on a specific topic, and subsequently the original animal studies and their results and avoid duplication and unnecessary animal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda W Langendam
- Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Vickie R Walker
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kembra L Howdeshell
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Andrew A Rooney
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Carlijn R Hooijmans
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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57
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Hunniford VT, Montroy J, Fergusson DA, Avey MT, Wever KE, McCann SK, Foster M, Fox G, Lafreniere M, Ghaly M, Mannell S, Godwinska K, Gentles A, Selim S, MacNeil J, Sikora L, Sena ES, Page MJ, Macleod M, Moher D, Lalu MM. Epidemiology and reporting characteristics of preclinical systematic reviews. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001177. [PMID: 33951050 PMCID: PMC8128274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In an effort to better utilize published evidence obtained from animal experiments, systematic reviews of preclinical studies are increasingly more common-along with the methods and tools to appraise them (e.g., SYstematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation [SYRCLE's] risk of bias tool). We performed a cross-sectional study of a sample of recent preclinical systematic reviews (2015-2018) and examined a range of epidemiological characteristics and used a 46-item checklist to assess reporting details. We identified 442 reviews published across 43 countries in 23 different disease domains that used 26 animal species. Reporting of key details to ensure transparency and reproducibility was inconsistent across reviews and within article sections. Items were most completely reported in the title, introduction, and results sections of the reviews, while least reported in the methods and discussion sections. Less than half of reviews reported that a risk of bias assessment for internal and external validity was undertaken, and none reported methods for evaluating construct validity. Our results demonstrate that a considerable number of preclinical systematic reviews investigating diverse topics have been conducted; however, their quality of reporting is inconsistent. Our study provides the justification and evidence to inform the development of guidelines for conducting and reporting preclinical systematic reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria T. Hunniford
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua Montroy
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dean A. Fergusson
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Kimberley E. Wever
- SYstematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah K. McCann
- QUEST Center for Transforming Biomedical Research, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Madison Foster
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grace Fox
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mackenzie Lafreniere
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mira Ghaly
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sydney Mannell
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karolina Godwinska
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Avonae Gentles
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shehab Selim
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jenna MacNeil
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindsey Sikora
- Health Sciences Library, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Emily S. Sena
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Page
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Malcolm Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Moher
- Centre for Journalology, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Manoj M. Lalu
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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58
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Leenaars C, Tsaioun K, Stafleu F, Rooney K, Meijboom F, Ritskes-Hoitinga M, Bleich A. Reviewing the animal literature: how to describe and choose between different types of literature reviews. Lab Anim 2021; 55:129-141. [PMID: 33135562 PMCID: PMC8044607 DOI: 10.1177/0023677220968599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Before starting any (animal) research project, review of the existing literature is good practice. From both the scientific and the ethical perspective, high-quality literature reviews are essential. Literature reviews have many potential advantages besides synthesising the evidence for a research question. First, they can show if a proposed study has already been performed, preventing redundant research. Second, when planning new experiments, reviews can inform the experimental design, thereby increasing the reliability, relevance and efficiency of the study. Third, reviews may even answer research questions using already available data. Multiple definitions of the term literature review co-exist. In this paper, we describe the different steps in the review process, and the risks and benefits of using various methodologies in each step. We then suggest common terminology for different review types: narrative reviews, mapping reviews, scoping reviews, rapid reviews, systematic reviews and umbrella reviews. We recommend which review to select, depending on the research question and available resources. We believe that improved understanding of review methods and terminology will prevent ambiguity and increase appropriate interpretation of the conclusions of reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathalijn Leenaars
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Germany
- Department of Animals in Science and Society, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Katya Tsaioun
- Evidence-based Toxicology Collaboration, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (EBTC), USA
| | - Frans Stafleu
- Department of Animals in Science and Society, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Kieron Rooney
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Franck Meijboom
- Department of Animals in Science and Society, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Merel Ritskes-Hoitinga
- SYRCLE, Department for Health Evidence (section HTA), Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, The Netherlands
- AUGUST, Department for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Germany
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Aliena-Valero A, Baixauli-Martín J, Castelló-Ruiz M, Torregrosa G, Hervás D, Salom JB. Effect of uric acid in animal models of ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:707-722. [PMID: 33210575 PMCID: PMC7983496 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20967459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Addition of uric acid (UA) to thrombolytic therapy, although safe, showed limited efficacy in improving patients' stroke outcome, despite alleged neuroprotective effects of UA in preclinical research. This systematic review assessed the effects of UA on brain structural and functional outcomes in animal models of ischemic stroke. We searched Medline, Embase and Web of Science to identify 16 and 14 eligible rodent studies for qualitative and quantitative synthesis, respectively. Range of evidence met 10 of a possible 13 STAIR criteria. Median (Q1, Q3) quality score was 7.5 (6, 10) on the CAMARADES 15-item checklist. For each outcome, we used standardised mean difference (SMD) as effect size and random-effects modelling. Meta-analysis showed that UA significantly reduced infarct size (SMD: -1.18; 95% CI [-1.47, -0.88]; p < 0.001), blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment/oedema (SMD: -0.72; 95% CI [-0.97, -0.48]; p < 0.001) and neurofunctional deficit (SMD: -0.98; 95% CI [-1.32, -0.63]; p < 0.001). Overall, there was low to moderate between-study heterogeneity and sizeable publication bias. In conclusion, published rodent data suggest that UA improves outcome following ischemic stroke by reducing infarct size, improving BBB integrity and ameliorating neurofunctional condition. Specific recommendations are given for further high-quality preclinical research required to better inform clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Aliena-Valero
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - María Castelló-Ruiz
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Germán Torregrosa
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Hervás
- Unidad de Bioestadística, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan B Salom
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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60
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Ren X, Zhang X, Chen X, Zhang T, Li G, Zhou X, Su S, Zhang W, Qin C, Wang S. Evaluation of post-adolescence exposure to bisphenol A on reproductive outcomes of male rodent models. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 101:124-136. [PMID: 33757772 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The effect of post-adolescence bisphenol A (BPA) exposure on the reproductive system is not well-defined. We therefore performed this meta-analysis to elucidate the associations between post-adolescence BPA exposure and reproductive-related outcomes. A search was performed on the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of science databases to identify relevant literature. The standardized mean differences (SMDs) and the 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were measured by fixed-effects or random-effects models. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's regression test. A total of 40 studies were included in the final analysis. The results showed that post-adolescence BPA exposure was negatively associated with reproductive-related organ weighty (Testis weight: SMD: -0.61; 95 % Cl: -0.85, -0.36; epididymis weight; SMD: -0.43; 95 % Cl: -0.69, -0.17; seminal vesicles weight; SMD: -0.77; 95 % Cl: -1.05, -0.49) and sperm parameters (Sperm motility: SMD: -1.44; 95 % Cl: -1.95, -0.93; epididymal sperm concentration: SMD: -2.26; 95 % Cl: -2.79, -1.72; and abnormal sperm morphology: SMD: 2.41; 95 % Cl: 1.41, 2.86). Moreover, BPA exposure decreased the level of testosterone (T) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), but increased the ratio of serum estradiol (E2) to T. This systematic review demonstrates that post-adolescence exposure to BPA may adversely affect reproductive functions in male rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Ren
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xinglin Chen
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Guangyao Li
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Shifeng Su
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210000, China.
| | - Shangqian Wang
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210000, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China.
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61
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Visco DB, Toscano AE, Juárez PAR, Gouveia HJCB, Guzman-Quevedo O, Torner L, Manhães-de-Castro R. A systematic review of neurogenesis in animal models of early brain damage: Implications for cerebral palsy. Exp Neurol 2021; 340:113643. [PMID: 33631199 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Brain damage during early life is the main factor in the development of cerebral palsy (CP), which is one of the leading neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood. Few studies, however, have focused on the mechanisms of cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation in the brain of individuals with CP. We thus conducted a systematic review of preclinical evidence of structural neurogenesis in early brain damage and the underlying mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of CP. Studies were obtained from Embase, Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science. After screening 2329 studies, 29 studies, covering a total of 751 animals, were included. Prenatal models based on oxygen deprivation, inflammatory response and infection, postnatal models based on oxygen deprivation or hypoxic-ischemia, and intraventricular hemorrhage models showed varying neurogenesis responses according to the nature of the brain damage, the time period during which the brain injury occurred, proliferative capacity, pattern of migration, and differentiation profile in neurogenic niches. Results mainly from rodent studies suggest that prenatal brain damage impacts neurogenesis and curbs generation of neural stem cells, while postnatal models show increased proliferation of neural precursor cells, improper migration, and reduced survival of new neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Bulcão Visco
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa Toscano
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Pedro Alberto Romero Juárez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Henrique José Cavalcanti Bezerra Gouveia
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Omar Guzman-Quevedo
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico; Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico; Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Luz Torner
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Raul Manhães-de-Castro
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Thébaud B, Lalu M, Renesme L, van Katwyk S, Presseau J, Thavorn K, Cobey KD, Hutton B, Moher D, Soll RF, Fergusson D. Benefits and obstacles to cell therapy in neonates: The INCuBAToR (Innovative Neonatal Cellular Therapy for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Accelerating Translation of Research). Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:968-975. [PMID: 33570257 PMCID: PMC8235145 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapies hold promise to substantially curb complications from extreme preterm birth, the main cause of death in children below the age of 5 years. Exciting preclinical studies in experimental neonatal lung injury have provided the impetus for the initiation of early phase clinical trials in extreme preterm infants at risk of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Clinical translation of promising therapies, however, is slow and often fails. In the adult population, results of clinical trials so far have not matched the enticing preclinical data. The neonatal field has experienced many hard-earned lessons with the implementation of oxygen therapy or postnatal steroids. Here we briefly summarize the preclinical data that have permitted the initiation of early phase clinical trials of cell-based therapies in extreme preterm infants and describe the INCuBAToR concept (Innovative Neonatal Cellular Therapy for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Accelerating Translation of Research), an evidence-based approach to mitigate the risk of translating advanced therapies into this vulnerable patient population. The INCuBAToR addresses several of the shortcomings at the preclinical and the clinical stage that usually contribute to the failure of clinical translation through (a) systematic reviews of preclinical and clinical studies, (b) integrated knowledge transfer through engaging important stakeholders early on, (c) early economic evaluation to determine if a novel therapy is viable, and (d) retrospective and prospective studies to define and test ideal eligibility criteria to optimize clinical trial design. The INCuBAToR concept can be applied to any novel therapy in order to enhance the likelihood of success of clinical translation in a timely, transparent, rigorous, and evidence-based fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Thébaud
- Regenerative Medicine Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) and CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manoj Lalu
- Regenerative Medicine Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laurent Renesme
- Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) and CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sasha van Katwyk
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin Presseau
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kednapa Thavorn
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly D Cobey
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Journalology, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Hutton
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Moher
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger F Soll
- Department of Pediatrics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Dean Fergusson
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Wang XM, Zhang XR, Li ZH, Zhong WF, Yang P, Mao C. A brief introduction of meta-analyses in clinical practice and research. J Gene Med 2021; 23:e3312. [PMID: 33450104 PMCID: PMC8243934 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With the explosive growth of medical information, it is almost impossible for healthcare providers to review and evaluate all relevant evidence to make the best clinical decisions. Meta‐analyses, which summarize all existing evidence and quantitatively synthesize individual studies, have become the best available evidence for informing clinical practice. This article introduces the common methods, steps, principles, strengths and limitations of meta‐analyses and aims to help healthcare providers and researchers obtain a basic understanding of meta‐analyses in clinical practice and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Meng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi-Ru Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Fang Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pei Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Mao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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64
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Ahmed A, Al-Rasheed A, Badwelan M, Alghamdi HS. Peri-Implant bone response around porous-surface dental implants: A preclinical meta-analysis. Saudi Dent J 2020; 33:239-247. [PMID: 34194186 PMCID: PMC8236543 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This meta-analysis of relevant animal studies was conducted to assess whether the use of porous-surface implants improves osseointegration compared to the use of non-porous-surface implants. Material and methods An electronic search of PubMed (MEDLINE) resulted in the selection of ten animal studies (out of 865 publications) for characterization and quality assessment. Risk of bias assessment indicated poor reporting for the majority of studies. The results for bone-implant contact (BIC%) and peri-implant bone formation (BF%) were extracted from the eligible studies and used for the meta-analysis. Data for porous-surface implants were compared to those for non-porous-surface implants, which were considered as the controls. Results The random-effects meta-analysis showed that the use of porous-surface implants did not significantly increase overall BIC% (mean difference or MD: 3.63%; 95% confidence interval or 95% CI: −1.66 to 8.91; p = 0.18), whereas it significantly increased overall BF% (MD: 5.43%; CI: 2.20 to 8.67; p = 0.001), as compared to the controls. Conclusion Porous-surface implants promote osseointegration with increase in BF%. However, their use shows no significant effect on BIC%. Further preclinical and clinical investigations are required to find conclusive evidence on the effect of porous-surface implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Ahmed
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Al-Rasheed
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Badwelan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Aden University, Aden, Yemen
| | - Hamdan S Alghamdi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ramage FJ, Clewlow AS, Williams LM, Macleod MR, Langston RF. Effects of dietary fat manipulation on cognition in mice and rats: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 4:e100108. [PMID: 35047694 PMCID: PMC8647606 DOI: 10.1136/bmjos-2020-100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The Western diet that comprises high levels of long-chain saturated fats and sugar is associated not only with metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes but also has been recently linked to brain changes and cognitive dysfunction. However, in animal studies, reported effects are variable, and the mechanisms underlying these effects are unclear. In the proposed review, we aim to summarise the diverse evidence of the effects of so-called 'high-fat' and ketogenic diets on behavioural measures of cognition in postweaning mice and rats, relative to animals on standard diets and to determine potential underlying mechanisms of high-fat diet-induced effects. SEARCH STRATEGY A comprehensive search strategy was designed to retrieve studies reporting use of a high-fat or ketogenic diet in postweaning mice and rats that included cognitive assessments. Three databases (Medline, SCOPUS and Web of Science) were searched and 4487 unique references were retrieved. SCREENING AND ANNOTATION Studies were screened for inclusion by two independent reviewers, with 330 studies retained for analysis. Characteristics of disease model choice, experimental design, intervention use and outcome assessment are to be extracted using the Systematic Review Facility (http://syrf.org.uk/) tool. Studies will be assessed for study quality and risk of bias and confidence of mechanistic involvement. DATA MANAGEMENT AND REPORTING For cognitive outcomes, effect sizes will be calculated using normalised mean difference and summarised using a random effects model. The contribution of potential sources of heterogeneity to the observed effects of diet on cognition will be assessed using multivariable meta-regression, with partitioning of heterogeneity as a sensitivity analysis. A preliminary version of this protocol was published on 9 April 2019 on the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies website (http://www.dcn.ed.ac.uk/camarades/research.html%23protocols). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION No ethical approval is required as there are no subjects in the proposed study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona J Ramage
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Dundee, School of Medicine, Dundee, UK
| | - Alexander S Clewlow
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Dundee, School of Medicine, Dundee, UK,GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Lynda M Williams
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Rosamund F Langston
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Dundee, School of Medicine, Dundee, UK
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Howe R, Nicholson S, Lafferty A, Davies C, Stokes D, Kroll T. Animal assisted activities in the children's hospital: protocol for a scoping review. HRB Open Res 2020; 3:74. [DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13143.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of animal interventions in healthcare are relatively common; however, their actual effectiveness and longer term findings are not so well known or published, especially in relation to the children’s hospital setting. It is important to plot where and why animal interventions take place but also to focus on how the human animal bond impacts on children, their parents and staff in a children’s hospital setting. Family members, including companion animals, are important supports which help children to relax and give them a sense of familiarity to navigate the busy and stressful hospital environment. The scoping review of the literature proposed will explore the scientific evidence for animal assisted activities (AAA) in children’s hospitals and will map results prior to undertaking a full scale research project. Arksey and O’Malley’s framework guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute will frame this review protocol. Appendices are used to ensure transparency of methods. The protocol is presented in narrative style to demonstrate flow and fluency and appeal to wider readership.
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67
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Towards a unified theory of emotional contagion in rodents—A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 132:1229-1248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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68
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Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Kashfi K, Ghasemi A. Importance of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses of Animal Studies: Challenges for Animal-to-Human Translation. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2020; 59:469-477. [PMID: 32727637 PMCID: PMC7479780 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-19-000139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Results of animal experiments are used for understanding the pathophysiology of diseases, assessing safety and efficacy of newly developed drugs, and monitoring environmental health hazards among others. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of animal data are important tools to condense animal evidence and translate the data into practical clinical applications. Such studies are conducted to explore heterogeneity, to generate new hypotheses about pathophysiology and treatment, to design new clinical trial modalities, and to test the efficacy and the safety of the various interventions. Here, we provide an overview regarding the importance of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of animal data and discuss common challenges and their potential solutions. Current evidence highlights various problems and challenges that surround these issues, including lack of generalizability of data obtained from animal models, failure in translating data obtained from animals to humans, poor experimental design and the reporting of the animal studies, heterogeneity of the data collected, and methodologic weaknesses of animal systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of animal studies can catalyze translational processes more effectively if they focus on a well-defined hypothesis along with addressing clear inclusion and exclusion criteria, publication bias, heterogeneity of the data, and a coherent and well-balanced assessment of studies' quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Human Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author.
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Carvalho C, Varela SAM, Marques TA, Knight A, Vicente L. Are in vitro and in silico approaches used appropriately for animal-based major depressive disorder research? PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233954. [PMID: 32579547 PMCID: PMC7313753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The current paradigm for biomedical research and drug testing postulates that in vitro and in silico data inform animal studies that will subsequently inform human studies. Recent evidence points out that animal studies have made a poor contribution to current knowledge of Major Depressive Disorder, whereas the contribution of in vitro and in silico studies to animal studies- within this research area- is yet to be properly quantified. This quantification is important since biomedical research and drug discovery and development includes two steps of knowledge transferability and we need to evaluate the effectiveness of both in order to properly implement 3R principles (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement). Here, we used the citation tracking facility within Web of Science to locate citations of original research papers on in vitro and in silico related to MDD published identified in PubMed by relevant search terms. 67 publications describing target papers were located. Both in vitro and in silico papers are more cited by human medical papers than by animal papers. The results suggest that, at least concerning MDD research, the current two steps of knowledge transferability are not being followed, indicating a poor compliance with the 3R principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constança Carvalho
- Faculdade de Ciências, Centro de Filosofia das Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Susana A. M. Varela
- Faculdade de Ciências, cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago A. Marques
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Centro de Estatística e Aplicações, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andrew Knight
- Centre for Animal Welfare, University of Winchester, Winchester, United Kingdom
| | - Luís Vicente
- Faculdade de Ciências, Centro de Filosofia das Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Heinsar S, Rozencwajg S, Suen J, Bassi GL, Malfertheiner M, Vercaemst L, Broman LM, Schmidt M, Combes A, Rätsep I, Fraser JF, Millar JE. Heart failure supported by veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): a systematic review of pre-clinical models. Intensive Care Med Exp 2020; 8:16. [PMID: 32451698 PMCID: PMC7248156 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-020-00303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is increasingly being used to treat patients with refractory severe heart failure. Large animal models are developed to help understand physiology and build translational research projects. In order to better understand those experimental models, we conducted a systematic literature review of animal models combining heart failure and VA-ECMO. STUDIES SELECTION A systematic review was performed using Medline via PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science, from January 1996 to January 2019. Animal models combining experimental acute heart failure and ECMO were included. Clinical studies, abstracts, and studies not employing VA-ECMO were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION Following variables were extracted, relating to four key features: (1) study design, (2) animals and their peri-experimental care, (3) heart failure models and characteristics, and (4) ECMO characteristics and management. RESULTS Nineteen models of heart failure and VA-ECMO were included in this review. All were performed in large animals, the majority (n = 13) in pigs. Acute myocardial infarction (n = 11) with left anterior descending coronary ligation (n = 9) was the commonest mean of inducing heart failure. Most models employed peripheral VA-ECMO (n = 14) with limited reporting. CONCLUSION Among models that combined severe heart failure and VA-ECMO, there is a large heterogeneity in both design and reporting, as well as methods employed for heart failure. There is a need for standardization of reporting and minimum dataset to ensure translational research achieve high-quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silver Heinsar
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, University of Queensland, Chermside, Brisbane, Australia.,Second Department of Intensive Care, North Estonia Medical Centre, Talinn, Estonia
| | - Sacha Rozencwajg
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, University of Queensland, Chermside, Brisbane, Australia. .,Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS-1166, ICAN Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Medical ICU, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47, bd de l'Hôpital, 75651, Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - Jacky Suen
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, University of Queensland, Chermside, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Gianluigi Li Bassi
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, University of Queensland, Chermside, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Maximilian Malfertheiner
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, University of Queensland, Chermside, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Leen Vercaemst
- Department of Perfusion, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Louven, Belgium
| | - Lars Mikael Broman
- ECMO Centre Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthieu Schmidt
- Second Department of Intensive Care, North Estonia Medical Centre, Talinn, Estonia
| | - Alain Combes
- Second Department of Intensive Care, North Estonia Medical Centre, Talinn, Estonia
| | - Indrek Rätsep
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS-1166, ICAN Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Medical ICU, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47, bd de l'Hôpital, 75651, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - John F Fraser
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, University of Queensland, Chermside, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jonathan E Millar
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, University of Queensland, Chermside, Brisbane, Australia.,Wellcome-Wolfson Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Akter F, Yu X, Qin X, Yao S, Nikrouz P, Syed YA, Kotter M. The Pathophysiology of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy and the Physiology of Recovery Following Decompression. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:138. [PMID: 32425740 PMCID: PMC7203415 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM), also known as cervical spondylotic myelopathy is the leading cause of spinal cord compression in adults. The mainstay of treatment is surgical decompression, which leads to partial recovery of symptoms, however, long term prognosis of the condition remains poor. Despite advances in treatment methods, the underlying pathobiology is not well-known. A better understanding of the disease is therefore required for the development of treatments to improve outcomes following surgery. Objective: To systematically evaluate the pathophysiology of DCM and the mechanism underlying recovery following decompression. Methods: A total of 13,808 published articles were identified in our systematic search of electronic databases (PUBMED, WEB OF SCIENCE). A total of 51 studies investigating the secondary injury mechanisms of DCM or physiology of recovery in animal models of disease underwent comprehensive review. Results: Forty-seven studies addressed the pathophysiology of DCM. Majority of the studies demonstrated evidence of neuronal loss following spinal cord compression. A number of studies provided further details of structural changes in neurons such as myelin damage and axon degeneration. The mechanisms of injury to cells included direct apoptosis and increased inflammation. Only four papers investigated the pathobiological changes that occur in spinal cords following decompression. One study demonstrated evidence of axonal plasticity following decompressive surgery. Another study demonstrated ischaemic-reperfusion injury following decompression, however this phenomenon was worse when decompression was delayed. Conclusions: In preclinical studies, the pathophysiology of DCM has been poorly studied and a number of questions remain unanswered. The physiological changes seen in the decompressed spinal cord has not been widely investigated and it is paramount that researchers investigate the decompressed spinal cord further to enable the development of therapeutic tools, to enhance recovery following surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Akter
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xinming Yu
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Xingping Qin
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shun Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Parisa Nikrouz
- Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells Trust, Maidstone, United Kingdom
| | - Yasir Ahmed Syed
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI), Cathays, United Kingdom.,School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Kotter
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Ritskes-Hoitinga M, van Luijk J. How Can Systematic Reviews Teach Us More about the Implementation of the 3Rs and Animal Welfare? Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9121163. [PMID: 31861205 PMCID: PMC6941037 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The three Rs stand for Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement of animal studies and were published for the first time in 1959 by Russell and Burch. Replacement refers to avoiding the use of (non-human) animals in research. Reduction implies using fewer animals, for example, by better statistical methods and better literature studies, and Refinement means reducing the discomfort and improving the welfare of animals used in experiments. The three Rs have gained more interest and popularity since the 1970s, and have now become the crucial central element in the revised legislation in Europe, the EU Directive 2010/63EU, controlling the proper use of animals in experiments in the European member states. Animals are used in order to improve the health and welfare of other non-human animals, in veterinary medicine, and of humans, for toxicological purposes and in clinical medicine. Using animals in experiments has always been subject to ethical and societal debate. At Syrcle, we have introduced the methodology of systematic reviews for preclinical animal studies since 2012. This methodology comes from the clinical field and is a key element in evidence-based medicine, as systematic reviews summarise the scientific evidence as objectively as possible. A systematic review (SR) is defined as a literature review focused on a single question that tries to identify, appraise, select, and synthesise all high-quality research evidence relevant to that question. Introducing this methodology for the preclinical animal studies seems very logical, as animal studies in clinical medicine are performed for protecting humans from ineffective or unsafe treatments. Systematic reviews thus lead to summarising evidence from preclinical studies before entering clinical trials. In addition to protecting humans, systematic reviews can also be used to implement the three Rs. Examples of how systematic reviews contribute to implementing the three Rs are provided in the following article, thus demonstrating the value for protecting animals as well. Abstract This paper describes the introduction of the systematic review methodology in animal-based research and the added value of this methodology in relation to the 3Rs and beyond. The 3Rs refer to Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement of animal studies. A systematic review (SR) is defined as a literature review focused on a single question that tries to identify, appraise, select, and synthesise all high-quality research evidence relevant to that question. Examples are given on how SRs lead to the implementation of the 3Rs and better science. Additionally, a broader context is given regarding societal, political, and scientific developments. Various examples of systematic reviews are given to illustrate the current situation regarding reporting, quality, and translatability of animal-based research. Furthermore, initiatives that have emerged to move further towards more responsible and sustainable research is of benefit for both animals and humans.
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Palandi J, Bobinski F, de Oliveira GM, Ilha J. Neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury and physical exercise in animal models: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 108:781-795. [PMID: 31837360 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the effects of physical exercise on neuropathic pain (NP) in animal models of SCI. The search was conducted in Medline and Science Direct to identify experimental preclinical studies involving animal models of SCI, physical exercise as an intervention and the assessment of NP. Fifteen articles met the eligibility criteria. The review shows that in studies of NP involving animal models of SCI, rodents are the most common species. Thoracic contusion is the most common injury and mechanical and thermal nociception are the most frequently assessed NP components. The benefits of physical exercise vary according to its starting period and total duration. In addition, there is considerable heterogeneity regarding the type and intensity of exercise capable of alleviating NP after SCI. Furthermore, physical exercise has beneficial effects on mechanical, thermal and cold nociception, and spontaneous pain. These results are weakened by the paucity of studies involving these pain outcomes. The review protocol is published for free access on the SyRF platform (http://syrf.org.uk/protocols/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliete Palandi
- Physical Therapy Graduate Program, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Sport Science, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Florianópolis, 88080-350, SC, Brazil; Spinal Cord Injury Research Group, Neuromotor System Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Sport Science, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Florianópolis, 88080-350, SC, Brazil
| | - Franciane Bobinski
- Physical Therapy Graduate Program, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Sport Science, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Florianópolis, 88080-350, SC, Brazil; Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern of Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça, 88137-272, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Martins de Oliveira
- Spinal Cord Injury Research Group, Neuromotor System Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Sport Science, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Florianópolis, 88080-350, SC, Brazil
| | - Jocemar Ilha
- Physical Therapy Graduate Program, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Sport Science, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Florianópolis, 88080-350, SC, Brazil; Spinal Cord Injury Research Group, Neuromotor System Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Sport Science, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Florianópolis, 88080-350, SC, Brazil.
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Tieu A, Slobodian M, Fergusson DA, Montroy J, Burger D, Stewart DJ, Shorr R, Allan DS, Lalu MM. Methods and efficacy of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells in animal models of disease: a preclinical systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2019; 8:322. [PMID: 31831057 PMCID: PMC6909572 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1242-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past decade, mesenchymal stromal cells have been increasingly investigated for their therapeutic potential in several different illnesses. However, cell therapy can be limited by potentially serious adverse events including cell embolus formation and tumorigenesis. Importantly, the protective effects of mesenchymal stromal cells are largely mediated by paracrine mechanisms including release of extracellular vesicles. This systematic review intends to synthesize the current knowledge of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles as a therapeutic option for preclinical models of disease, inflammation, or injury. METHODS A systematic literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, and BIOSIS databases will be conducted. Interventional preclinical in vivo studies using extracellular vesicles derived from any tissue source of mesenchymal stromal cells will be included. Studies will be screened by abstract, and full-text by two independent reviewers. Eligible studies will undergo data extraction with subcategorization into domains based on disease. Methods utilized for extracellular vesicle characterization and isolation will be collected, as well as information on interventional traits, such as tissue source of mesenchymal stromal cells, dosage regimen, and vesicle modifications. Reported outcomes will be collected to determine which diseases studied may be impacted most from treatment with mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles. DISCUSSION This systematic review will summarize preclinical studies investigating the therapeutic efficacy of both small and large extracellular vesicles derived by mesenchymal stromal cells. Extracellular vesicles represent a possibility to harness the benefits of mesenchymal stromal cells with added benefits of reduced manufacturing costs and an improved safety profile. Hence, there has been an exponential increase in interest for developing this cell-free therapy with hundreds of preclinical studies published to date. However, a vast amount of heterogeneity between groups relates to methods of extracellular vesicle isolation, characterization, and study design. This review will capture this heterogeneity and identify the most commonly used and optimal approaches to evaluate mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicle treatment. A meta-analysis of outcomes within each disease domain will help elucidate which fields of research demonstrate promise for developing extracellular vesicles as a novel cell-free therapy. Summarizing this robust information on extracellular vesicles as an intervention can provide guidance for designing preclinical studies with hopes of future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Tieu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, BLUEPRINT Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mitchell Slobodian
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, BLUEPRINT Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Dean A. Fergusson
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, BLUEPRINT Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Joshua Montroy
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, BLUEPRINT Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Dylan Burger
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Nephrology, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
- Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Duncan J. Stewart
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Risa Shorr
- Learning Services, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - David S. Allan
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, BLUEPRINT Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Manoj M. Lalu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, BLUEPRINT Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
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75
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Medeiros IPM, Faria SC, Souza MM. Osmoionic homeostasis in bivalve mollusks from different osmotic niches: Physiological patterns and evolutionary perspectives. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 240:110582. [PMID: 31669880 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Physiological knowledge gained from questions focused on the challenges faced and strategies recruited by organisms in their habitats assumes fundamental importance about understanding the ability to survive when subjected to unfavorable situations. In the aquatic environment, salinity is particularly recognized as one of the main abiotic factors that affects the physiology of organisms. Although the physiological patterns and challenges imposed by each occupied environment are distinct, they tend to converge to osmotic oscillations. From a comparative perspective, we aimed to characterize the osmoregulatory patterns of the bivalve mollusks Corbicula largillierti (purple Asian cockle), Erodona mactroides (lagoon cockle), and Amarilladesma mactroides (white clam) - inhabitants of different osmotic niches - when submitted to hypo- and/or hyperosmotic salinity variations. We determined the hemolymph osmotic and ionic concentrations, tissue hydration, and the intracellular isosmotic regulation (IIR) from the use of osmolytes (organic and inorganic) after exposure to species-specific salinity intervals. Additionally, we incorporated phylogenetic perspectives to infer and even broaden the understanding about the patterns that comprise the osmoionic physiology of Bivalvia representatives. According to the variables analyzed in the hemolymph, the three species presented a pattern of osmoconformation. Furthermore, both ionic regulation and conformation patterns were observed in freshwater, estuarine, and marine species. The patterns verified experimentally show greater use of inorganic osmolytes compared to the participation of organic molecules, which varied according to the osmotic niche occupied in the IIR for the mantle, adductor muscle, and gills. This finding widens the classic vision about the preferential use of certain osmolytes by animals from distinct niches. Our phylogenetic perspective also indicates that environmental salinity drives physiological trait variations, including hemolymph osmolality and the ion composition of the extracellular fluid (sodium, chloride, magnesium, and calcium). We also highlight the important role played by the shared ancestry, which influences the interspecific variability of the hemolymph K+ in selected representatives of Bivalvia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Coelho Faria
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Brazil; Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology. University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Marta Marques Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Brazil.
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76
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Veening-Griffioen DH, Ferreira GS, van Meer PJK, Boon WPC, Gispen-de Wied CC, Moors EHM, Schellekens H. Are some animal models more equal than others? A case study on the translational value of animal models of efficacy for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 859:172524. [PMID: 31291566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Clinical trial failures (>99%) in Alzheimer's disease are in stark contrast to positive efficacy data in animals. We evaluated the correlation between animal and clinical efficacy outcomes (cognition) in Alzheimer's disease using data from registered drugs as well as interventions tested in phase II or III clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease. We identified 20 interventions, which were tested in 208 animal studies in 63 different animal models. Clinical outcome was correlated with animal results in 58% of cases. But, individual animal models showed divergent results across interventions, individual interventions showed divergent results across animal models, and animal model outcomes were determined with 16 different methods. This result is unsurprising due to poor external validity (what do we model) of the animal models. Although the animal models all share Alzheimer's disease symptoms, none represents the whole syndrome. Investigators did not motivate why one model was chosen over another, and did not consider the ways the disease phenomena were generated (spontaneous, (experimentally) induced or by genetic modification), or the species characteristics, which determine the outcomes. The explanation for the lack of correlation between animal and human outcomes can be manifold: the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is not reflected in the animal model or the outcomes are not comparable. Our conclusion is that currently no animal models exist which are predictive for the efficacy of interventions for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée H Veening-Griffioen
- Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Guilherme S Ferreira
- Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J K van Meer
- Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Medicines Evaluation Board, Graadt van Roggenweg 500, 3531 AH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter P C Boon
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Innovation Studies, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ellen H M Moors
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Innovation Studies, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Huub Schellekens
- Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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77
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Bonapersona V, Kentrop J, Van Lissa CJ, van der Veen R, Joëls M, Sarabdjitsingh RA. The behavioral phenotype of early life adversity: A 3-level meta-analysis of rodent studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 102:299-307. [PMID: 31047892 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Altered cognitive performance is considered an intermediate phenotype mediating early life adversity (ELA) effects on later-life development of mental disorders, e.g. depression. Whereas most human studies are limited to correlational conclusions, rodent studies can prospectively investigate how ELA alters cognitive performance in several domains. Despite the volume of reports, there is no consensus on i) the behavioral domains being affected by ELA and ii) the extent of these effects. To test how ELA (here: aberrant maternal care) affects specific behavioral domains, we used a 3-level mixed-effect meta-analysis, and thoroughly explored heterogeneity with MetaForest, a novel machine-learning approach. Our results are based on >400 independent experiments, involving ∼8600 animals. Especially in males, ELA promotes memory formation during stressful learning but impairs non-stressful learning. Furthermore, ELA increases anxiety-like and decreases social behavior. The ELA phenotype was strongest when i) combined with other negative experiences ("hits"); ii) in rats; iii) in ELA models of ∼10days duration. All data is easily accessible with MaBapp (https://osf.io/ra947/), allowing researchers to run tailor-made meta-analyses, thereby revealing the optimal choice of experimental protocols and study power.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bonapersona
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
| | - J Kentrop
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - C J Van Lissa
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - R van der Veen
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - M Joëls
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, the Netherlands
| | - R A Sarabdjitsingh
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
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Is prehospital blood transfusion effective and safe in haemorrhagic trauma patients? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Injury 2019; 50:1017-1027. [PMID: 30928164 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Life-threatening haemorrhage accounts for 40% mortality in trauma patients worldwide. After bleeding control is achieved, circulating volume must be restored. Early in-hospital transfusion of blood components is already proven effective, but the scientific proof for the effectiveness of prehospital blood-component transfusion (PHBT) in trauma patients is still unclear. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the evidence for effectiveness and safety of PHBT to haemorrhagic trauma patients. METHODS CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Pubmed were searched in the period from 1988 until August 1, 2018. Meta-analysis was performed for matched trauma patients receiving PHBT with the primary outcomes 24-hour mortality and long-term mortality. Secondary outcome measure was adverse events as a result of PHBT. RESULTS Trauma patients who received PHBT with simultaneous use of packed red blood cells (pRBCs) and plasma showed a statistically significant reduction in long-term mortality (OR = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.36-0.71; P < 0.0001) but no difference in 24-hour mortality (OR = 0.47, 95% CI, 0.17-1.34; P = 0.16). PHBT with individual use of pRBCs showed no difference in long-term mortality (OR = 1.18; 95% CI, 0.93-1.49; P = 0.17) or 24-hour mortality (OR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.46-1.85; P = 0.82). In a total of 1341 patients who received PHBT, 14 adverse events were reported 1.04%, 95% CI 0.57-1.75%. CONCLUSIONS PHBT with simultaneous use of both pRBCs and plasma resulted in a significant reduction in the odds for long-term mortality. However, based on mainly poor quality evidence no hard conclusion can be drawn about a possible survival benefit for haemorrhagic trauma patients receiving PHBT. Overall, PHBT is safe but results of currently ongoing randomised controlled trials have to be awaited to demonstrate a survival benefit. STUDY TYPE Systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Deckers C, Stephan P, Wever KE, Hooijmans CR, Hannink G. The protective effect of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on articular cartilage: a systematic review of animal studies. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:219-229. [PMID: 30317001 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is unclear if anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction can prevent the onset of degenerative changes in the knee. Previous studies were inconclusive on this subject. The aim of this study was to systematically review all studies on the effect of ACL reconstruction on articular cartilage in animals. DESIGN Pubmed and Embase were searched to identify all original articles concerning the effect of ACL reconstruction on articular cartilage compared with both its positive (ACL transection) and negative (sham and/or non-operated) control in animals. Subsequently a Risk of bias and meta analysis was conducted based on five outcomes (gross macroscopic assessment, medical imaging, histological histochemical grading, histomophometrics and biomechanical characterization) related to articular cartilage. RESULTS From the 19 included studies, 29 independent comparisons could be identified which underwent ACL reconstruction with an average timing of data collection of 23 weeks (range 1-104 weeks). Due to limited data availability meta-analysis could only be conducted for gross macroscopic damage. ACL reconstruction caused significant gross macroscopic damage compared with intact controls (SMD 2.0 [0.88; 3.13]). These findings were supported by individual studies reporting on histomorphometrics, histology and imaging. No significant gross macroscopic damage was found when ACL reconstruction was compared with ACL transection (SMD -0.64 [-1.85; 0.57]). CONCLUSION This systematic review with an average follow up of included studies of 23 weeks (range 1-104 weeks) demonstrates that, in animals, ACL reconstruction does not protect articular cartilage from degenerative changes. The consistency of the direction of effect, provides some reassurance that the direction of effect in humans might be the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Deckers
- Department of Orthopedics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - P Stephan
- Department of Orthopedics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - K E Wever
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - C R Hooijmans
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - G Hannink
- Department of Orthopedics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Tihanyi DK, Szijarto A, Fülöp A, Denecke B, Lurje G, Neumann UP, Czigany Z, Tolba R. Systematic Review on Characteristics and Reporting Quality of Animal Studies in Liver Regeneration Triggered by Portal Vein Occlusion and Associating Liver Partition and Portal Vein Ligation for Staged Hepatectomy: Adherence to the ARRIVE Guidelines. J Surg Res 2019; 235:578-590. [PMID: 30691845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Portal vein occlusion and associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy techniques are in the spotlight of oncological liver surgery. Research involving animal models is indispensable to study the mechanisms of liver regeneration. Inaccurate reporting acts as a significant barrier during the correct interpretation of preclinical findings. Hence, we performed a systematic review to evaluate the status quo of the reporting standards and to assess the potential factors influencing reporting in animal studies, which are focusing on portal vein occlusion and/or associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review was performed in the PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE databases. Baseline study characteristics were recorded, and quality assessment was performed using the Animals in Research: Reporting in vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) checklist. RESULTS A total of 107 research articles were included for the comprehensive assessment. In the subgroup analysis, newer reports and studies from the post-ARRIVE era, and reports from Europe were all associated with significantly higher ARRIVE scores (P < 0.05). Univariable regression analysis confirmed these factors as predictors of higher reporting quality. However, in the multivariable analysis, only publishing in the post-ARRIVE era has been found as single independent predictor of higher reporting standards (P = 0.028 post-ARRIVE total score 75th percentile; P = 0.000 post-ARRIVE total score median). CONCLUSIONS Although an improving trend has been observed in reporting quality over the past years, this effect was clearly insufficient. Our results emphasize the need for further measures to improve the methodical quality at all levels of planning, execution, and reporting of preclinical studies in liver regeneration research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Krisztina Tihanyi
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; HPB Research Center Hungary, 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Szijarto
- HPB Research Center Hungary, 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andras Fülöp
- HPB Research Center Hungary, 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernd Denecke
- Genomics Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Georg Lurje
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf Peter Neumann
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Zoltan Czigany
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Rene Tolba
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Grizzle AJ, Horn J, Collins C, Schneider J, Malone DC, Stottlemyer B, Boyce RD. Identifying Common Methods Used by Drug Interaction Experts for Finding Evidence About Potential Drug-Drug Interactions: Web-Based Survey. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e11182. [PMID: 30609981 PMCID: PMC6682289 DOI: 10.2196/11182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preventing drug interactions is an important goal to maximize patient benefit from medications. Summarizing potential drug-drug interactions (PDDIs) for clinical decision support is challenging, and there is no single repository for PDDI evidence. Additionally, inconsistencies across compendia and other sources have been well documented. Standard search strategies for complete and current evidence about PDDIs have not heretofore been developed or validated. Objective This study aimed to identify common methods for conducting PDDI literature searches used by experts who routinely evaluate such evidence. Methods We invited a convenience sample of 70 drug information experts, including compendia editors, knowledge-base vendors, and clinicians, via emails to complete a survey on identifying PDDI evidence. We created a Web-based survey that included questions regarding the (1) development and conduct of searches; (2) resources used, for example, databases, compendia, search engines, etc; (3) types of keywords used to search for the specific PDDI information; (4) study types included and excluded in searches; and (5) search terms used. Search strategy questions focused on 6 topics of the PDDI information—(1) that a PDDI exists; (2) seriousness; (3) clinical consequences; (4) management options; (5) mechanism; and (6) health outcomes. Results Twenty participants (response rate, 20/70, 29%) completed the survey. The majority (17/20, 85%) were drug information specialists, drug interaction researchers, compendia editors, or clinical pharmacists, with 60% (12/20) having >10 years’ experience. Over half (11/20, 55%) worked for clinical solutions vendors or knowledge-base vendors. Most participants developed (18/20, 90%) and conducted (19/20, 95%) search strategies without librarian assistance. PubMed (20/20, 100%) and Google Scholar (11/20, 55%) were most commonly searched for papers, followed by Google Web Search (7/20, 35%) and EMBASE (3/20, 15%). No respondents reported using Scopus. A variety of subscription and open-access databases were used, most commonly Lexicomp (9/20, 45%), Micromedex (8/20, 40%), Drugs@FDA (17/20, 85%), and DailyMed (13/20, 65%). Facts and Comparisons was the most commonly used compendia (8/20, 40%). Across the 6 attributes of interest, generic drug name was the most common keyword used. Respondents reported using more types of keywords when searching to identify the existence of PDDIs and determine their mechanism than when searching for the other 4 attributes (seriousness, consequences, management, and health outcomes). Regarding the types of evidence useful for evaluating a PDDI, clinical trials, case reports, and systematic reviews were considered relevant, while animal and in vitro data studies were not. Conclusions This study suggests that drug interaction experts use various keyword strategies and various database and Web resources depending on the PDDI evidence they are seeking. Greater automation and standardization across search strategies could improve one’s ability to identify PDDI evidence. Hence, future research focused on enhancing the existing search tools and designing recommended standards is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Grizzle
- Center for Health Outcomes & PharmacoEconomic Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - John Horn
- School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Carol Collins
- School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jodi Schneider
- School of Information Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Daniel C Malone
- Center for Health Outcomes & PharmacoEconomic Research, College of Pharmacy Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Britney Stottlemyer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Richard David Boyce
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Effects of early life stress on biochemical indicators of the dopaminergic system: A 3 level meta-analysis of rodent studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 95:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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83
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Pires GN, Bezerra AG, de Vries RBM, Leenaars CHC, Ritskes-Hoitinga M, Tufik S, Andersen ML. Effects of experimental sleep deprivation on aggressive, sexual and maternal behaviour in animals: a systematic review protocol. BMJ OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 2:e000041. [PMID: 35047677 PMCID: PMC8749292 DOI: 10.1136/bmjos-2017-000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Because of the relevance for the research on sleep deprivation and human behaviour, many preclinical studies have been conducted on aggressive, sexual and maternal behaviours in this field. Considering the available data and the complexity of the factors involved, the most appropriate way to summarise the effects of sleep deprivation on these behaviours is through systematic reviews and meta-analyses. This article describes the protocol for three independent systematic reviews and meta-analyses, evaluating the effects of sleep deprivation on aggressive, sexual and maternal behaviours in animals. Search strategy A bibliographic search will be performed in four databases: Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Psychinfo, searching for three domains: sleep deprivation (as the intervention), animals (as the population) and behaviour (as the outcome). Screening and annotation Titles and abstracts will first be screened, followed by analysis of the full text and data extraction. Data management and reporting SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation ’s risk of bias tool will be used to evaluate risk of bias; visual analysis of funnel plots, Egger’s regression and trim-and-fill will be employed to evaluate publication bias. Effect sizes will be calculated from the articles by either direct or standardised mean difference, depending on the nature of the data. Overall estimates will then be calculated using a random effects model. Heterogeneity will be assessed using both I2 index and Cochran’s Q test. These meta-analyses should be useful to summarise the available data on the relationship between sleep deprivation and behaviour, providing a solid background for future behavioural sleep deprivation experiments, improving their validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Natan Pires
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rob B M de Vries
- SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) at Central Animal Facility, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Merel Ritskes-Hoitinga
- SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) at Central Animal Facility, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica Levy Andersen
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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84
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De Cuyper A, Clauss M, Carbone C, Codron D, Cools A, Hesta M, Janssens GPJ. Predator size and prey size-gut capacity ratios determine kill frequency and carcass production in terrestrial carnivorous mammals. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annelies De Cuyper
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Dept of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent Univ; Heidestraat 19 BE-9820 Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Marcus Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Univ. of Zurich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - Chris Carbone
- Inst. of Zoology, Zoological Society of London; London UK
| | - Daryl Codron
- Florisbad Quaternary Research Dept, National Museum; Bloemfontein South Africa
- Centre for Environmental Management, Univ. of the Free State; Bloemfontein South Africa
| | - An Cools
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Dept of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent Univ; Heidestraat 19 BE-9820 Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Myriam Hesta
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Dept of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent Univ; Heidestraat 19 BE-9820 Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Geert P. J. Janssens
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Dept of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent Univ; Heidestraat 19 BE-9820 Merelbeke Belgium
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85
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Basudan AM, Shaheen MY, de Vries RB, van den Beucken JJJP, Jansen JA, Alghamdi HS. Antiosteoporotic Drugs to Promote Bone Regeneration Related to Titanium Implants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2018; 25:89-99. [PMID: 30191772 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT This meta-analysis was to investigate literature on the administration of antiosteoporotic drugs as an effective adjunct therapy for implant osseointegration using in vivo animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani M Basudan
- 1 Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa Y Shaheen
- 1 Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rob B de Vries
- 2 Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation, Department for Health Evidence (section HTA), Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - John A Jansen
- 3 Department of Biomaterials, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hamdan S Alghamdi
- 1 Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,3 Department of Biomaterials, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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86
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Mosdøl A, Vist GE, Svendsen C, Dirven H, Lillegaard ITL, Mathisen GH, Husøy T. Hypotheses and evidence related to intense sweeteners and effects on appetite and body weight changes: A scoping review of reviews. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199558. [PMID: 30020966 PMCID: PMC6051566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Observed associations between consumption of diet foods and obesity have sparked controversy over whether intense sweeteners may promote weight gain, despite their negligible energy contribution. We conducted a scoping review of reviews, to obtain an overview of hypotheses, research approaches and features of the evidence on intense sweeteners' potential relationships to appetite and weight changes. We searched for reviews of the scientific literature published from 2006 to May 2017. Two reviewers independently assessed title and abstracts, and full text publications. Arksey and O'Malley's framework for scoping reviews guided the process. We extracted and charted data on characteristics of the reviews and the evidence presented. The 40 included reviews present hypotheses both on how intense sweeteners can reduce or maintain body weight and on how these can promote weight gain. We classified only five publications as systematic reviews; another nine presented some systematic approaches, while 26 reviews did not describe criteria for selecting or assessing the primary studies. Evidence was often presented for intense sweeteners as a group or unspecified, and against several comparators (e.g. sugar, water, placebo, intake levels) with limited discussion on the interpretation of different combinations. Apart from the observational studies, the presented primary evidence in humans is dominated by small studies with short follow-up-considered insufficient to assess weight change. Systematic reviews of animal studies are lacking in this topic area. The systematic evidence only partly explore forwarded hypotheses found in the literature. Primary studies in humans seem to be available for systematic exploration of some hypotheses, but long-term experimental studies in humans appear sparse. With few exceptions, the reviews on intense sweeteners and weight change underuse systematic methodology, and thus, the available evidence. Further studies and systematic reviews should be explicit about the hypothesis explored and elucidate possible underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annhild Mosdøl
- Division for health services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunn Elisabeth Vist
- Division for health services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Svendsen
- Division for infection control and environmental health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hubert Dirven
- Division for infection control and environmental health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Trine Husøy
- Division for infection control and environmental health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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87
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Park HS, Cho JH, Kim KW, Chung WS, Song MY. Effects of Panax ginseng on Obesity in Animal Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:2719794. [PMID: 29861768 PMCID: PMC5976977 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2719794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the antiobesity effects of Panax ginseng in animals. METHODS We conducted a systematic search for all controlled trials (up to March 2017) that assessed the antiobesity effects of P. ginseng in animal obesity models in the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. The primary outcome was final body weight measured at the longest follow-up time after administration of the intervention. The secondary outcome was the lipid profile. We assessed methodological quality using the SYRCLE risk of bias tool, and RevMan 5.3 was used to perform a meta-analysis. Finally, a subgroup analysis of parameters including intervention duration, animal models, and type of ginseng was performed. RESULT We identified 16 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Data from the meta-analysis indicated that the intervention group had a significantly lower body weight than the control group (SMD: -1.50, 95% CI: -1.90 to -1.11, χ2: 78.14, P < 0.0001, I2 = 58%). Final body weight was lower in an animal obesity model induced by high-fat diet than in genetic models. Also the intervention group had a significantly higher serum HDL level and lower serum LDL, TG, and TC level than the control group. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis indicated that oral administration of P. ginseng significantly inhibits weight gain and improves serum lipid profiles in animal obesity models. However, causes of obesity and type of ginseng may affect treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sung Park
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Heung Cho
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Koh-Woon Kim
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Seok Chung
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Yeon Song
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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88
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van der Bent ML, Paulino da Silva Filho O, van Luijk J, Brock R, Wansink DG. Assisted delivery of antisense therapeutics in animal models of heritable neurodegenerative and neuromuscular disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4181. [PMID: 29520012 PMCID: PMC5843643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22316-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotide (AON)-based therapies hold promise for a range of neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases and have shown benefit in animal models and patients. Success in the clinic is nevertheless still limited, due to unfavourable biodistribution and poor cellular uptake of AONs. Extensive research is currently being conducted into the formulation of AONs to improve delivery, but thus far there is no consensus on which of those strategies will be the most effective. This systematic review was designed to answer in an unbiased manner which delivery strategies most strongly enhance the efficacy of AONs in animal models of heritable neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases. In total, 95 primary studies met the predefined inclusion criteria. Study characteristics and data on biodistribution and toxicity were extracted and reporting quality and risk of bias were assessed. Twenty studies were eligible for meta-analysis. We found that even though the use of delivery systems provides an advantage over naked AONs, it is not yet possible to select the most promising strategies. Importantly, standardisation of experimental procedures is warranted in order to reach conclusions about the most efficient delivery strategies. Our best practice guidelines for future experiments serve as a step in that direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leontien van der Bent
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Omar Paulino da Silva Filho
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Judith van Luijk
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department of Health Evidence, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Brock
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Derick G Wansink
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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89
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Abstract
The number of medical studies being published is increasing exponentially, and clinicians must routinely process large amounts of new information. Moreover, the results of individual studies are often insufficient to provide confident answers, as their results are not consistently reproducible. A meta-analysis is a statistical method for combining the results of different studies on the same topic and it may resolve conflicts among studies. Meta-analysis is being used increasingly and plays an important role in medical research. This review introduces the basic concepts, steps, advantages, and caveats of meta-analysis, to help clinicians understand it in clinical practice and research. A major advantage of a meta-analysis is that it produces a precise estimate of the effect size, with considerably increased statistical power, which is important when the power of the primary study is limited because of a small sample size. A meta-analysis may yield conclusive results when individual studies are inconclusive. Furthermore, meta-analyses investigate the source of variation and different effects among subgroups. In summary, a meta-analysis is an objective, quantitative method that provides less biased estimates on a specific topic. Understanding how to conduct a meta-analysis aids clinicians in the process of making clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ho Lee
- Correspondence to Young Ho Lee, M.D. Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea Tel: +82-2-920-5645 Fax: +82-2-922-5974 E-mail:
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90
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Cordeiro MF, Marmitt LP, Horn AP. Subcutaneous injection of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells admixed with melanoma cells in mice favors tumor incidence and growth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dermatol Res 2018; 310:231-240. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-1819-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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91
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Hooijmans CR, de Vries RBM, Ritskes-Hoitinga M, Rovers MM, Leeflang MM, IntHout J, Wever KE, Hooft L, de Beer H, Kuijpers T, Macleod MR, Sena ES, ter Riet G, Morgan RL, Thayer KA, Rooney AA, Guyatt GH, Schünemann HJ, Langendam MW. Facilitating healthcare decisions by assessing the certainty in the evidence from preclinical animal studies. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0187271. [PMID: 29324741 PMCID: PMC5764235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory animal studies are used in a wide range of human health related research areas, such as basic biomedical research, drug research, experimental surgery and environmental health. The results of these studies can be used to inform decisions regarding clinical research in humans, for example the decision to proceed to clinical trials. If the research question relates to potential harms with no expectation of benefit (e.g., toxicology), studies in experimental animals may provide the only relevant or controlled data and directly inform clinical management decisions. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are important tools to provide robust and informative evidence summaries of these animal studies. Rating how certain we are about the evidence could provide important information about the translational probability of findings in experimental animal studies to clinical practice and probably improve it. Evidence summaries and certainty in the evidence ratings could also be used (1) to support selection of interventions with best therapeutic potential to be tested in clinical trials, (2) to justify a regulatory decision limiting human exposure (to drug or toxin), or to (3) support decisions on the utility of further animal experiments. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach is the most widely used framework to rate the certainty in the evidence and strength of health care recommendations. Here we present how the GRADE approach could be used to rate the certainty in the evidence of preclinical animal studies in the context of therapeutic interventions. We also discuss the methodological challenges that we identified, and for which further work is needed. Examples are defining the importance of consistency within and across animal species and using GRADE's indirectness domain as a tool to predict translation from animal models to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlijn R. Hooijmans
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department of Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob B. M. de Vries
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department of Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Merel Ritskes-Hoitinga
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department of Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maroeska M. Rovers
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department of Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mariska M. Leeflang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joanna IntHout
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department of Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberley E. Wever
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department of Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lotty Hooft
- Cochrane Netherlands, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ton Kuijpers
- Dutch College of General Practitioners, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Malcolm R. Macleod
- Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Emily S. Sena
- Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gerben ter Riet
- Department of General Practice, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca L. Morgan
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Kristina A. Thayer
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Andrew A. Rooney
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Gordon H. Guyatt
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Holger J. Schünemann
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Miranda W. Langendam
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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92
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Munn Z, Stern C, Aromataris E, Lockwood C, Jordan Z. What kind of systematic review should I conduct? A proposed typology and guidance for systematic reviewers in the medical and health sciences. BMC Med Res Methodol 2018; 18:5. [PMID: 29316881 PMCID: PMC5761190 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-017-0468-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic reviews have been considered as the pillar on which evidence-based healthcare rests. Systematic review methodology has evolved and been modified over the years to accommodate the range of questions that may arise in the health and medical sciences. This paper explores a concept still rarely considered by novice authors and in the literature: determining the type of systematic review to undertake based on a research question or priority. RESULTS Within the framework of the evidence-based healthcare paradigm, defining the question and type of systematic review to conduct is a pivotal first step that will guide the rest of the process and has the potential to impact on other aspects of the evidence-based healthcare cycle (evidence generation, transfer and implementation). It is something that novice reviewers (and others not familiar with the range of review types available) need to take account of but frequently overlook. Our aim is to provide a typology of review types and describe key elements that need to be addressed during question development for each type. CONCLUSIONS In this paper a typology is proposed of various systematic review methodologies. The review types are defined and situated with regard to establishing corresponding questions and inclusion criteria. The ultimate objective is to provide clarified guidance for both novice and experienced reviewers and a unified typology with respect to review types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Munn
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, The University of Adelaide, 55 King William Road, North Adelaide, Soueth Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Cindy Stern
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, The University of Adelaide, 55 King William Road, North Adelaide, Soueth Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Edoardo Aromataris
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, The University of Adelaide, 55 King William Road, North Adelaide, Soueth Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Craig Lockwood
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, The University of Adelaide, 55 King William Road, North Adelaide, Soueth Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Zoe Jordan
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, The University of Adelaide, 55 King William Road, North Adelaide, Soueth Australia 5005 Australia
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93
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Bertl K, Steiner I, Pandis N, Buhlin K, Klinge B, Stavropoulos A. Statins in nonsurgical and surgical periodontal therapy. A systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical in vivo trials. J Periodontal Res 2017; 53:267-287. [PMID: 29211309 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cholesterol-lowering drugs, statins, possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and pro-osteogenic properties, and thus have been tested as an adjunct to periodontal treatment. The present systematic review aimed to answer the following focused research question: What is the effect of local and/or systemic statin use on periodontal tissues in preclinical in vivo studies of experimentally induced periodontitis (EIP) and/or acute/chronified periodontal defect (ACP) models? A literature search (of Medline/PubMed, Embase/Ovid, CENTRAL/Ovid) using the following main eligibility criteria was performed: (i) English or German language; (ii) controlled preclinical in vivo trials; (iii) local and/or systemic statin use in EIP and/or ACP models; and (iv) quantitative evaluation of periodontal tissues (i.e., alveolar bone level/amount, attachment level, cementum formation, periodontal ligament formation). Sixteen studies in EIP models and 7 studies in ACP models evaluated simvastatin, atorvastatin or rosuvastatin. Thirteen of the EIP (81%) and 2 of the ACP (29%) studies presented significantly better results in terms of alveolar bone level/amount in favor of statins. Meta-analysis based on 14 EIP trials confirmed a significant benefit of local and systemic statin use (P < .001) in terms of alveolar bone level/amount; meta-regression revealed that statin type exhibited a significant effect (P = .014) in favor of atorvastatin. Three studies reported a significantly higher periodontal attachment level in favor of statin use (P < .001). Complete periodontal regeneration was never observed; furthermore, statins did not exert any apparent effect on cementum formation. Neither local nor systemic use of statins resulted in severe adverse effects. Statin use in periodontal indications has a positive effect on periodontal tissue parameters, supporting the positive results already observed in clinical trials. Nevertheless, not all statins available have been tested so far, and further research is needed to identify the maximum effective concentration/dose and optimal carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bertl
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Malmö, Malmö, Sweden.,Division of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - I Steiner
- Private Practice, Taiskirchen, Austria.,Postgraduate Course Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - N Pandis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Dental School/Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - K Buhlin
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - B Klinge
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Stavropoulos
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
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94
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Choe BI, Lee GH. Promoting and improving three Rs practice: the Korean guidelines. BMB Rep 2017; 50:610-614. [PMID: 29187280 PMCID: PMC5749906 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2017.50.12.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientists planning research that involves the use of animals are required to examine the possibilities for replacement, reduction, or refinement (the Three Rs), and their protocol must be reviewed by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Good scientific practice involving appropriate search techniques on the available Three Rs resources is essential for both ethical and scientific reasons. Appropriate experimental design and statistical analysis techniques are particularly necessary for research involving the use of animals, because this can improve animal welfare and scientific outcomes, as well as saving animal lives. There are a number of resources to help researchers improve their search techniques, experimental design strategies, and their reporting of research involving the use of animals. However, there is little specific information or resources on the Three Rs alternatives that is readily available in the Korean language. This paper outlines the common errors made by submitting researchers that have been repeatedly observed during the ethical review of experimental protocols over the last ten years, and provides information on the Korean resources available to promote good scientific practice. This could help to bridge the gap between Korean scientists and animal welfare advocates assisting scientists to improve ethical considerations and conduct responsible research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung In Choe
- Division of Institutional Review and Research Ethics, Nicholas Cardinal Cheong Graduate School for Life, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Gwi Hyang Lee
- Division of Institutional Review and Research Ethics, Nicholas Cardinal Cheong Graduate School for Life, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; BIC Study, Seoul 06647, Korea
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95
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Simonato M, Iyengar S, Brooks-Kayal A, Collins S, Depaulis A, Howells DW, Jensen F, Liao J, Macleod MR, Patel M, Potschka H, Walker M, Whittemore V, Sena ES. Identification and characterization of outcome measures reported in animal models of epilepsy: Protocol for a systematic review of the literature-A TASK2 report of the AES/ILAE Translational Task Force of the ILAE. Epilepsia 2017; 58 Suppl 4:68-77. [PMID: 29105071 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Current antiseizure therapy is ineffective in approximately one third of people with epilepsy and is often associated with substantial side effects. In addition, most current therapeutic paradigms offer treatment, but not cure, and no therapies are able to modify the underlying disease, that is, can prevent or halt the process of epileptogenesis or alleviate the cognitive and psychiatric comorbidities. Preclinical research in the field of epilepsy has been extensive, but unfortunately, not all the animal models being used have been validated for their predictive value. The overall goal of TASK2 of the AES/ILAE Translational Task Force is to organize and coordinate systematic reviews on selected topics regarding animal research in epilepsy. Herein we describe our strategy. In the first part of the paper we provide an overview of the usefulness of systematic reviews and meta-analysis for preclinical research and explain the essentials for their conduct. Then we describe in detail the protocol for a first systematic review, which will focus on the identification and characterization of outcome measures reported in animal models of epilepsy. The specific goals of this study are to define systematically the phenotypic characteristics of the most commonly used animal models, and to effectively compare these with the manifestations of human epilepsy. This will provide epilepsy researchers with detailed information on the strengths and weaknesses of epilepsy models, facilitating their refinement and future research. Ultimately, this could lead to a refined use of relevant models for understanding the mechanism(s) of the epilepsies and developing novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Simonato
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Sloka Iyengar
- Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, U.S.A
| | - Amy Brooks-Kayal
- Department of Pediatrics, Neurology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Children's Hospital of Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A
| | | | - Antoine Depaulis
- Grenoble Institute for Neuroscience-INSERM U1216, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - David W Howells
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Frances Jensen
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Jing Liao
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Manisha Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Heidrun Potschka
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Matthew Walker
- Institute of Neurology, University College of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vicky Whittemore
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Emily S Sena
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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96
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Barron CC, Lalu MM, Stewart DJ, Fergusson D, Yang H, Moher D, Liu P, Mazer D, Devereaux PJ, McIntyre L. Assessment of safety and efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cell therapy in preclinical models of acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2017; 6:226. [PMID: 29116020 PMCID: PMC5688817 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-017-0601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in treatment, acute myocardial infarction (MI) is still associated with significant morbidity and mortality, especially in patients with extensive damage and scar formation. Based on some promising preclinical studies, there is interest in the use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to promote cardiac repair after acute MI. However, there is a need for a systematic review of this evidence to summarize the efficacy and safety of MSCs in preclinical models of MI. This will better inform the translation of MSC therapy for acute MI and guide the design of a future clinical trial. METHODS/DESIGN A systematic literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, and BIOSIS Previews will be conducted. We will identify comparative preclinical studies (randomized and non-randomized) of myocardial infarction that include animals given MSC therapy versus a vehicle/placebo. The primary outcome will be left ventricular ejection fraction. Secondary and tertiary outcomes will include death, infarct size, measures of cardiac function, biochemical outcomes, and MSC retention and differentiation. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Subgroup analyses will be performed to measure how various sources of preclinical study heterogeneity affect the direction and magnitude of the primary outcome. We will meta-analyze data using inverse variance random effects modeling. DISCUSSION This systematic review of preclinical evidence will provide a summary of the efficacy and safety of MSCs in animal models of MI. The results will help determine whether sufficient evidence exists to conduct a clinical trial in humans and inform its design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly C Barron
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada.,Blueprint Translational Research Group, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Manoj M Lalu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada.,Blueprint Translational Research Group, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Duncan J Stewart
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Dean Fergusson
- Blueprint Translational Research Group, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology & Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Homer Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - David Moher
- Blueprint Translational Research Group, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Peter Liu
- The Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - P J Devereaux
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular, and Stroke Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Lauralyn McIntyre
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Division of Critical Care), University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Rd, Box 201, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.
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97
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Pronin S, Koh CH, Hughes M. Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Glioma: Systematic Review. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4063-4071. [PMID: 28407299 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive primary brain tumor. Treatment is largely palliative, with current strategies unable to prevent inevitable tumor recurrence. Implantable micro-electromechanical systems are becoming more feasible for the management of several human diseases. These systems may have a role in detecting tumor recurrence and delivering localized therapies. One potential therapeutic tool is ultraviolet (UV) light. This systematic review assesses the effects of UV light on glioma cells. A total of 47 publications are included. The large majority were in vitro experiments conducted on human glioblastoma cell lines in monolayer. In these cells, UV light was shown to induce apoptosis and the expression of genes or activation of proteins that modulate cell death, repair, and proliferation. The nature and magnitude of cellular response varied by UV wavelength, dose, cell line, and time after irradiation. UVC (wavelength 100-280 nm) was most effective at inducing apoptosis, and this effect was dose dependent. The included studies had varied methodologies, complicating reconciliation of results. Further work will be required to determine the best regime of UV irradiation for therapeutic use. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4063-4071, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savva Pronin
- Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chan Hee Koh
- Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark Hughes
- Translational Neurosurgery Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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98
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Pot MW, van Kuppevelt TH, Gonzales VK, Buma P, IntHout J, de Vries RBM, Daamen WF. Augmented cartilage regeneration by implantation of cellular versus acellular implants after bone marrow stimulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3927. [PMID: 29093996 PMCID: PMC5661456 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow stimulation may be applied to regenerate focal cartilage defects, but generally results in transient clinical improvement and formation of fibrocartilage rather than hyaline cartilage. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strive to develop new solutions to regenerate hyaline cartilage tissue. This systematic review and meta-analysis provides a comprehensive overview of current literature and assesses the efficacy of articular cartilage regeneration by implantation of cell-laden versus cell-free biomaterials in the knee and ankle joint in animals after bone marrow stimulation. PubMed and EMBASE (via OvidSP) were systematically searched using tissue engineering, cartilage and animals search strategies. Included were primary studies in which cellular and acellular biomaterials were implanted after applying bone marrow stimulation in the knee or ankle joint in healthy animals. Study characteristics were tabulated and outcome data were collected for meta-analysis for studies applying semi-quantitative histology as outcome measure (117 studies). Cartilage regeneration was expressed on an absolute 0–100% scale and random effects meta-analyses were performed. Implantation of cellular biomaterials significantly improved cartilage regeneration by 18.6% compared to acellular biomaterials. No significant differences were found between biomaterials loaded with stem cells and those loaded with somatic cells. Culture conditions of cells did not affect cartilage regeneration. Cartilage formation was reduced with adipose-derived stem cells compared to other cell types, but still improved compared to acellular scaffolds. Assessment of the risk of bias was impaired due to incomplete reporting for most studies. Implantation of cellular biomaterials improves cartilage regeneration compared to acellular biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel W Pot
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Toin H van Kuppevelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Veronica K Gonzales
- Department of Orthopedics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Buma
- Department of Orthopedics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joanna IntHout
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob B M de Vries
- SYRCLE (SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation), Central Animal Laboratory, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willeke F Daamen
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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99
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Wassenaar PNH, Trasande L, Legler J. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Early-Life Exposure to Bisphenol A and Obesity-Related Outcomes in Rodents. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:106001. [PMID: 28982642 PMCID: PMC5933326 DOI: 10.1289/ehp1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) has been implicated to play a role in the development of obesity. OBJECTIVE A systematic review with meta-analyses of experimental rodent studies was conducted to answer the following question: does early-life exposure to BPA affect the obesity-related outcomes body weight, fat (pad) weight, and circulating and tissue levels of triglycerides, free fatty acids (FFA), and leptin? METHODS The methodology was prespecified in a rigorous protocol using the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) approach. Using PubMed and EMBASE, we identified 61 articles that met the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias and the methodological quality of these articles were assessed using the SYRCLE Risk of Bias tool, and a confidence-rating methodology was used to score the quality of evidence. Meta-analyses were performed using random effect models and standardized mean differences (SMDs), or, where possible, mean differences (MDs) were calculated. RESULTS Overall summary estimates indicated significant positive associations between BPA and fat weight [SMD=0.67 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.81)], triglycerides [SMD=0.97 (95% CI: 0.53, 1.40)], and FFA [SMD=0.86 (95% CI: 0.50, 1.22)], and a nonsignificant positive association with leptin levels [MD=0.37 (95% CI: -0.14, 0.87)] and a significant negative association with body weight were estimated [MD=-0.22 (95% CI: -0.37, -0.06)]. Subgroup analyses revealed stronger positive associations for most outcome measures in males and at doses below the current U.S. reference dose of 50μg/kg/d compared with doses above the reference dose. It should be noted that there was substantial heterogeneity across studies for all outcomes assessed and that there was insufficient information to assess risk of bias for most studies. CONCLUSIONS Findings from our systematic review suggest that early-life exposure to BPA may increase adiposity and circulating lipid levels in rodents. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1233.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim Nicolaas Hubertus Wassenaar
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine , New York, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- New York University Wagner School of Public Service , New York, New York, USA
- New York University Global Institute of Public Health , New York, New York, USA
| | - Juliette Legler
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Life Sciences, Division of Biosciences, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London , Uxbridge, UK
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100
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Muir WW, Ueyama Y, Noel-Morgan J, Kilborne A, Page J. A Systematic Review of the Quality of IV Fluid Therapy in Veterinary Medicine. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:127. [PMID: 28856137 PMCID: PMC5557817 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the quality of the veterinary literature investigating IV fluid therapy in dogs, cats, horses, and cattle. Design Systematic review. Procedures The preferred reporting of items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) was employed for systematic review of all relevant IV fluid therapy manuscripts published from January 1969 through December 2016 in the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux International (CABI) database. Independent grading systems used to evaluate manuscripts included the updated CONsolidated Standards of Reporting Trials 2012 checklist, risk of bias for animal intervention studies, criteria for levels of evidence, and methodological quality (Jadad scale). The quality of articles published before and after 2010 was compared. Results One hundred and thirty-nine articles (63 dogs, 7 cats, 39 horses, 30 cattle) from 7,258 met the inclusion criteria. More than 50% of the manuscripts did not comply with minimal requirements for reporting randomized controlled trials. The most non-compliant items included identification of specific predefined objectives or a hypothesis, identification of trial design, how sample size was determined, randomization, and blinding procedures. Most studies were underpowered and at risk for selection, performance, and detection bias. The overall quality of the articles improved for articles published after 2010. Conclusion and clinical relevance Most of the veterinary literature investigating the administration of IV fluid therapy in dogs, cats, horses, and cattle is descriptive, does not comply with standards for evidence, or provide adequate translation to clinical practice. Authors should employ and journal editors should enforce international consensus recommendations and guidelines for publication of data from animal experiments investigating IV fluid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Muir
- QTest Labs, Columbus, OH, United States.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, United States
| | | | - Jessica Noel-Morgan
- Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Allison Kilborne
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jessica Page
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
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