1
|
Weissgerber TL, Gazda MA, Nilsonne G, Ter Riet G, Cobey KD, Prieß-Buchheit J, Noro J, Schulz R, Tijdink JK, Bobrov E, Bannach-Brown A, Franzen DL, Moschini U, Naudet F, Mansmann U, Salholz-Hillel M, Bandrowski A, Macleod MR. Understanding the provenance and quality of methods is essential for responsible reuse of FAIR data. Nat Med 2024:10.1038/s41591-024-02879-x. [PMID: 38514869 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey L Weissgerber
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Gustav Nilsonne
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish National Data Service, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gerben Ter Riet
- Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Faculty of Health, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kelly D Cobey
- Meta-Research and Open Science Program, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jorge Noro
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Center for Business and Economics Research (CeBER), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Robert Schulz
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joeri K Tijdink
- AmsterdamUMC, location VUmc, Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Evgeny Bobrov
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Bannach-Brown
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Delwen L Franzen
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ugo Moschini
- Data Analysis Office, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Florian Naudet
- University of Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, CIC 1414 (Center of Clinical Investigation of Rennes), Rennes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Ulrich Mansmann
- Department of Medical Information Sciences, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maia Salholz-Hillel
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anita Bandrowski
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- BIH Visiting Professor (funded by Stiftung Charité), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Palà E, Penalba A, Bustamante A, García‐Berrocoso T, Lamana‐Vallverdú M, Meisel C, Meisel A, van der Worp HB, R Macleod M, Kallmünzer B, Schwab S, Montaner J. Blood biomarker changes following therapeutic hypothermia in ischemic stroke. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3230. [PMID: 37721534 PMCID: PMC10636403 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Therapeutic hypothermia is a promising candidate for stroke treatment although its efficacy has not yet been demonstrated in patients. Changes in blood molecules could act as surrogate markers to evaluate the efficacy and safety of therapeutic cooling. METHODS Blood samples from 54 patients included in the EuroHYP-1 study (27 treated with hypothermia, and 27 controls) were obtained at baseline, 24 ± 2 h, and 72 ± 4 h. The levels of a panel of 27 biomarkers, including matrix metalloproteinases and cardiac and inflammatory markers, were measured. RESULTS Metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), fatty-acid-binding protein (FABP), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) increased over time in relation to the hypothermia treatment. Statistically significant correlations between the minimum temperature achieved by each patient in the hypothermia group and the MMP-3 level measured at 72 h, FABP level measured at 24 h, and IL-8 levels measured at 24 and 72 h were found. No differential biomarker levels were observed in patients with poor or favorable outcomes according to modified Rankin Scale scores. CONCLUSION Although the exact roles of MMP3, FABP, and IL-8 in hypothermia-treated stroke patients are not known, further exploration is needed to confirm their roles in brain ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Palà
- Neurovascular Research LaboratoryVall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR)–Universitat Autónoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Anna Penalba
- Neurovascular Research LaboratoryVall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR)–Universitat Autónoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Alejandro Bustamante
- Neurovascular Research LaboratoryVall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR)–Universitat Autónoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i PujolBadalonaSpain
| | - Teresa García‐Berrocoso
- Neurovascular Research LaboratoryVall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR)–Universitat Autónoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- CSIC/UAB Proteomics LaboratoryInstitute of Biomedical Research of BarcelonaSpanish National Research Council (IIBB‐CSIC/IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Marcel Lamana‐Vallverdú
- Neurovascular Research LaboratoryVall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR)–Universitat Autónoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Christian Meisel
- Institute for Medical ImmunologyCharité–Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- Department of ImmunologyLabor Berlin–Charité VivantesBerlinGermany
| | - Andreas Meisel
- Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research BerlinCharité University Hospital BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - H. Bart van der Worp
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryBrain CenterUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghScotlandUK
| | - Bernd Kallmünzer
- Department of NeurologyUniversitätsklinikum ErlangenErlangenGermany
| | - Stefan Schwab
- Department of NeurologyUniversitätsklinikum ErlangenErlangenGermany
| | - Joan Montaner
- Neurovascular Research LaboratoryVall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR)–Universitat Autónoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institute de Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville & Department of NeurologyHospital Universitario Virgen MacarenaSevilleSpain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ineichen BV, Rosso M, Macleod MR. From data deluge to publomics: How AI can transform animal research. Lab Anim (NY) 2023; 52:213-214. [PMID: 37758917 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-023-01256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin V Ineichen
- Center for Reproducible Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Marianna Rosso
- Center for Reproducible Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Siafis S, McCutcheon R, Chiocchia V, Ostinelli EG, Wright S, Stansfield C, Juma DO, Mantas I, Howes OD, Rutigliano G, Ramage F, Tinsdeall F, Friedrich C, Milligan L, Moreno C, Elliott JH, Thomas J, Macleod MR, Sena ES, Seedat S, Salanti G, Potts J, Cipriani A, Leucht S. Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonists for psychosis: protocol for a living systematic review and meta-analysis of human and non-human studies. Wellcome Open Res 2023; 8:365. [PMID: 38634067 PMCID: PMC11021884 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19866.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an urgent need to develop more effective and safer antipsychotics beyond dopamine 2 receptor antagonists. An emerging and promising approach is TAAR1 agonism. Therefore, we will conduct a living systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize and triangulate the evidence from preclinical animal experiments and clinical studies on the efficacy, safety, and underlying mechanism of action of TAAR1 agonism for psychosis. METHODS Independent searches will be conducted in multiple electronic databases to identify clinical and animal experimental studies comparing TAAR1 agonists with licensed antipsychotics or other control conditions in individuals with psychosis or animal models for psychosis, respectively. The primary outcomes will be overall psychotic symptoms and their behavioural proxies in animals. Secondary outcomes will include side effects and neurobiological measures. Two independent reviewers will conduct study selection, data extraction using predefined forms, and risk of bias assessment using suitable tools based on the study design. Ontologies will be developed to facilitate study identification and data extraction. Data from clinical and animal studies will be synthesized separately using random-effects meta-analysis if appropriate, or synthesis without meta-analysis. Study characteristics will be investigated as potential sources of heterogeneity. Confidence in the evidence for each outcome and source of evidence will be evaluated, considering the summary of the association, potential concerns regarding internal and external validity, and reporting biases. When multiple sources of evidence are available for an outcome, an overall conclusion will be drawn in a triangulation meeting involving a multidisciplinary team of experts. We plan trimonthly updates of the review, and any modifications in the protocol will be documented. The review will be co-produced by multiple stakeholders aiming to produce impactful and relevant results and bridge the gap between preclinical and clinical research on psychosis. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION PROSPERO-ID: CRD42023451628.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Siafis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, England, UK
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Virginia Chiocchia
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Canton of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo G. Ostinelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, England, UK
- Oxford Precision Psychiatry Lab, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Simonne Wright
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Claire Stansfield
- EPPI Centre, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, England, UK
| | | | - Ioannis Mantas
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver D. Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Grazia Rutigliano
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, England, UK
| | - Fiona Ramage
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Francesca Tinsdeall
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Claire Friedrich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
- Oxford Precision Psychiatry Lab, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
| | | | - Carmen Moreno
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Community of Madrid, Spain
| | - Julian H. Elliott
- Cochrane Australia, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Future Evidence Foundation, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James Thomas
- EPPI Centre, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, England, UK
| | - Malcolm R. Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Emily S. Sena
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Georgia Salanti
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Canton of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Potts
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
- Oxford Precision Psychiatry Lab, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Andrea Cipriani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, England, UK
- Oxford Precision Psychiatry Lab, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Stefan Leucht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - the GALENOS team
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, England, UK
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England, UK
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Canton of Bern, Switzerland
- Oxford Precision Psychiatry Lab, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
- EPPI Centre, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, England, UK
- My Mind Our Humanity, Mombasa, Kenya
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, England, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- MQ Mental Health Research, London, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Community of Madrid, Spain
- Cochrane Australia, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Future Evidence Foundation, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wilson E, Ramage FJ, Wever KE, Sena ES, Macleod MR, Currie GL. Designing, conducting, and reporting reproducible animal experiments. J Endocrinol 2023; 258:e220330. [PMID: 37074416 PMCID: PMC10304908 DOI: 10.1530/joe-22-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
In biomedicine and many other fields, there are growing concerns around the reproducibility of research findings, with many researchers being unable to replicate their own or others' results. This raises important questions as to the validity and usefulness of much published research. In this review, we aim to engage researchers in the issue of research reproducibility and equip them with the necessary tools to increase the reproducibility of their research. We first highlight the causes and potential impact of non-reproducible research and emphasise the benefits of working reproducibly for the researcher and broader research community. We address specific targets for improvement and steps that individual researchers can take to increase the reproducibility of their work. We next provide recommendations for improving the design and conduct of experiments, focusing on in vivo animal experiments. We describe common sources of poor internal validity of experiments and offer practical guidance for limiting these potential sources of bias at different experimental stages, as well as discussing other important considerations during experimental design. We provide a list of key resources available to researchers to improve experimental design, conduct, and reporting. We then discuss the importance of open research practices such as study preregistration and the use of preprints and describe recommendations around data management and sharing. Our review emphasises the importance of reproducible work and aims to empower every individual researcher to contribute to the reproducibility of research in their field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Wilson
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fiona J Ramage
- Department of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Kimberley E Wever
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Emily S Sena
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gillian L Currie
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wong C, Dakin RS, Williamson J, Newton J, Steven M, Colville S, Stavrou M, Gregory JM, Elliott E, Mehta AR, Chataway J, Swingler RJ, Parker RA, Weir CJ, Stallard N, Parmar MKB, Macleod MR, Pal S, Chandran S. Motor Neuron Disease Systematic Multi-Arm Adaptive Randomised Trial (MND-SMART): a multi-arm, multi-stage, adaptive, platform, phase III randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of repurposed drugs in motor neuron disease. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e064173. [PMID: 35798516 PMCID: PMC9263927 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Motor neuron disease (MND) is a rapidly fatal neurodegenerative disease. Despite decades of research and clinical trials there remains no cure and only one globally approved drug, riluzole, which prolongs survival by 2-3 months. Recent improved mechanistic understanding of MND heralds a new translational era with many potential targets being identified that are ripe for clinical trials. Motor Neuron Disease Systematic Multi-Arm Adaptive Randomised Trial (MND-SMART) aims to evaluate the efficacy of drugs efficiently and definitively in a multi-arm, multi-stage, adaptive trial. The first two drugs selected for evaluation in MND-SMART are trazodone and memantine. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Initially, up to 531 participants (177/arm) will be randomised 1:1:1 to oral liquid trazodone, memantine and placebo. The coprimary outcome measures are the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale Revised (ALSFRS-R) and survival. Comparisons will be conducted in four stages. The decision to continue randomising to arms after each stage will be made by the Trial Steering Committee who receive recommendations from the Independent Data Monitoring Committee. The primary analysis of ALSFRS-R will be conducted when 150 participants/arm, excluding long survivors, have completed 18 months of treatment; if positive the survival effect will be inferentially analysed when 113 deaths have been observed in the placebo group. The trial design ensures that other promising drugs can be added for evaluation in planned trial adaptations. Using this novel trial design reduces time, cost and number of participants required to definitively (phase III) evaluate drugs and reduces exposure of participants to potentially ineffective treatments. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION MND-SMART was approved by the West of Scotland Research Ethics Committee on 2 October 2019. (REC reference: 19/WS/0123) Results of the study will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and a summary provided to participants. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS European Clinical Trials Registry (2019-000099-41); NCT04302870.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charis Wong
- Centre of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rachel S Dakin
- Centre of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jill Williamson
- Centre of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Judith Newton
- Centre of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michelle Steven
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shuna Colville
- Centre of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maria Stavrou
- Centre of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jenna M Gregory
- Centre of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Elizabeth Elliott
- Centre of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Arpan R Mehta
- Centre of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jeremy Chataway
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals, Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert J Swingler
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Northwick Park Hospital, London, UK
| | - Richard Anthony Parker
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher J Weir
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nigel Stallard
- Statistics and Epidemiology, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Mahesh K B Parmar
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Centre of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Suvankar Pal
- Centre of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- Centre of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tanriver-Ayder E, Faes C, van de Casteele T, McCann SK, Macleod MR. Comparison of commonly used methods in random effects meta-analysis: application to preclinical data in drug discovery research. BMJ Open Sci 2022; 5:e100074. [PMID: 35047696 PMCID: PMC8647574 DOI: 10.1136/bmjos-2020-100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meta-analysis of preclinical data is used to evaluate the consistency of findings and to inform the design and conduct of future studies. Unlike clinical meta-analysis, preclinical data often involve many heterogeneous studies reporting outcomes from a small number of animals. Here, we review the methodological challenges in preclinical meta-analysis in estimating and explaining heterogeneity in treatment effects. Methods Assuming aggregate-level data, we focus on two topics: (1) estimation of heterogeneity using commonly used methods in preclinical meta-analysis: method of moments (DerSimonian and Laird; DL), maximum likelihood (restricted maximum likelihood; REML) and Bayesian approach; (2) comparison of univariate versus multivariable meta-regression for adjusting estimated treatment effects for heterogeneity. Using data from a systematic review on the efficacy of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in animals with stroke, we compare these methods, and explore the impact of multiple covariates on the treatment effects. Results We observed that the three methods for estimating heterogeneity yielded similar estimates for the overall effect, but different estimates for between-study variability. The proportion of heterogeneity explained by a covariate is estimated larger using REML and the Bayesian method as compared with DL. Multivariable meta-regression explains more heterogeneity than univariate meta-regression. Conclusions Our findings highlight the importance of careful selection of the estimation method and the use of multivariable meta-regression to explain heterogeneity. There was no difference between REML and the Bayesian method and both methods are recommended over DL. Multiple meta-regression is worthwhile to explain heterogeneity by more than one variable, reducing more variability than any univariate models and increasing the explained proportion of heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Tanriver-Ayder
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.,Translational Medicine and Early Development Statistics, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Beerse, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Christel Faes
- Data Science Institute (DSI), Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics (I-BioStat), Hasselt University, Hasselt, Limburg, Belgium
| | - Tom van de Casteele
- Translational Medicine and Early Development Statistics, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Beerse, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Sarah K McCann
- QUEST Center for Transforming Biomedical Research, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time-to-event data is frequently reported in both clinical and preclinical research spheres. Systematic review and meta-analysis is a tool that can help to identify pitfalls in preclinical research conduct and reporting that can help to improve translational efficacy. However, pooling of studies using hazard ratios (HRs) is cumbersome especially in preclinical meta-analyses including large numbers of small studies. Median survival is a much simpler metric although because of some limitations, which may not apply to preclinical data, it is generally not used in survival meta-analysis. We aimed to appraise its performance when compared with hazard ratio-based meta-analysis when pooling large numbers of small, imprecise studies. METHODS We simulated a survival dataset with features representative of a typical preclinical survival meta-analysis, including with influence of a treatment and a number of covariates. We calculated individual patient data-based hazard ratios and median survival ratios (MSRs), comparing the summary statistics directly and their performance at random-effects meta-analysis. Finally, we compared their sensitivity to detect associations between treatment and influential covariates at meta-regression. RESULTS There was an imperfect correlation between MSR and HR, although the opposing direction of treatment effects between summary statistics appeared not to be a major issue. Precision was more conservative for HR than MSR, meaning that estimates of heterogeneity were lower. There was a slight sensitivity advantage for MSR at meta-analysis and meta-regression, although power was low in all circumstances. CONCLUSIONS We believe we have validated MSR as a summary statistic for use in a meta-analysis of small, imprecise experimental survival studies-helping to increase confidence and efficiency in future reviews in this area. While assessment of study precision and therefore weighting is less reliable, MSR appears to perform favourably during meta-analysis. Sensitivity of meta-regression was low for this set of parameters, so pooling of treatments to increase sample size may be required to ensure confidence in preclinical survival meta-regressions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodore C Hirst
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK.
| | - Emily S Sena
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
de Jonge JC, Reinink H, Colam B, Alpers I, Ciccone A, Csiba L, Kõrv J, Kurkowska-Jastrzebska I, Macleod MR, Ntaios G, Thomalla G, Bath PM, van der Worp HB. Regulatory delays in a multinational clinical stroke trial. Eur Stroke J 2021; 6:120-127. [PMID: 34414286 PMCID: PMC8370076 DOI: 10.1177/23969873211004845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The initiation and conduct of randomised clinical trials are complicated by multiple barriers, including delays in obtaining regulatory approvals. Quantitative data on the extent of the delays due to national or local review in randomised clinical trials is scarce. Materials and methods We assessed the times needed to obtain regulatory approval and to initiate a trial site for an academic, EU-funded, phase III, randomised clinical trial of pharmacological prevention of complications in patients with acute stroke in over 80 sites in nine European countries. The primary outcome was the time from the first submission to a regulatory authority to initiation of a trial site. Secondary outcomes included time needed to complete each individual preparatory requirement and the number of patients recruited by each site in the first 6 and 12 months. Results The median time from the first submission to a regulatory authority to initiation of a trial site was 784 days (IQR: 586–1102). The single most time-consuming step was the conclusion of a clinical trial agreement between the national coordinator and the trial site, which took a median of 194 days (IQR: 93–293). A longer time to site initiation was associated with a lower patient recruitment rate in the first six months after initiation (B = –0.002; p = 0.02). Discussion Conclusion In this EU-funded clinical trial, approximately 26 months were needed to initiate a trial site for patient recruitment. The conclusion of a contract with a trial site was the most time-consuming activity. To simplify and speed up the process, we suggest that the level of detail of contracts for academic trials should be proportional to the risks and commercial interests of these trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen C de Jonge
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Reinink
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bridget Colam
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Iris Alpers
- Clinical Trial Center North GmbH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alfonso Ciccone
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, ASST di Mantova, Mantua, Italy
| | - Laszlo Csiba
- Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Janika Kõrv
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - George Ntaios
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Götz Thomalla
- Department of Neurology, Center for Clinical Neurosciences, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philip M Bath
- Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - H Bart van der Worp
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Laflamme M, Haghbayan H, Lalu MM, Zarychanski R, Lauzier F, Boutin A, Macleod MR, Fergusson DA, Moore L, Costerousse O, Lacroix J, Wellington C, Hutchison J, Turgeon AF. Red blood cell transfusion in animal models of acute brain injuries: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2021; 10:177. [PMID: 34127055 PMCID: PMC8201673 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-021-01703-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anemia is common in neurocritically ill patients. Considering the limited clinical evidence in this population, preclinical data may provide some understanding of the potential impact of anemia and of red blood cell transfusion in these patients. We aim to estimate the association between different transfusion strategies and neurobehavioral outcome in animal models. METHODS We will conduct a systematic review of comparative studies of red blood cell transfusion strategies using animal models of traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke or cerebral hemorrhage. We will search MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for eligible studies from inception onwards. Two independent reviewers will perform study selection and data extraction. We will report our results in a descriptive synthesis focusing on characteristics of included studies, reported outcomes, risk of bias, and construct validity. Our primary outcome is the neurological function (neurobehavioral performance) and our secondary outcomes include mortality, infarct size, intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, cerebral blood flow, and brain tissue oxygen tension. If appropriate, we will also perform a quantitative synthesis and pool results using random-effect models. Heterogeneity will be expressed with I2 statistics. Subgroup analyses are planned according to animal model characteristics, co-interventions, and risks of bias. DISCUSSION Our study is aligned with the efforts to better understand the level of evidence on the impact of red blood cell transfusion strategies from preclinical studies in animal models of acute brain injury and the potential translation of information from the preclinical to the clinical research field. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42018086662 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Laflamme
- CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit (Trauma-Emergency-Critical Care Medicine), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Hourmazd Haghbayan
- CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit (Trauma-Emergency-Critical Care Medicine), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Manoj M Lalu
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan Zarychanski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sections of Critical Care Medicine, of Hematology and of Medical Oncology, Rady Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - François Lauzier
- CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit (Trauma-Emergency-Critical Care Medicine), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Amélie Boutin
- Department of Pediatrics, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dean A Fergusson
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lynne Moore
- CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit (Trauma-Emergency-Critical Care Medicine), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Costerousse
- CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit (Trauma-Emergency-Critical Care Medicine), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Lacroix
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Cheryl Wellington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jamie Hutchison
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexis F Turgeon
- CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit (Trauma-Emergency-Critical Care Medicine), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada. .,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Usui T, Macleod MR, McCann SK, Senior AM, Nakagawa S. Meta-analysis of variation suggests that embracing variability improves both replicability and generalizability in preclinical research. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001009. [PMID: 34010281 PMCID: PMC8168858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The replicability of research results has been a cause of increasing concern to the scientific community. The long-held belief that experimental standardization begets replicability has also been recently challenged, with the observation that the reduction of variability within studies can lead to idiosyncratic, lab-specific results that cannot be replicated. An alternative approach is to, instead, deliberately introduce heterogeneity, known as "heterogenization" of experimental design. Here, we explore a novel perspective in the heterogenization program in a meta-analysis of variability in observed phenotypic outcomes in both control and experimental animal models of ischemic stroke. First, by quantifying interindividual variability across control groups, we illustrate that the amount of heterogeneity in disease state (infarct volume) differs according to methodological approach, for example, in disease induction methods and disease models. We argue that such methods may improve replicability by creating diverse and representative distribution of baseline disease state in the reference group, against which treatment efficacy is assessed. Second, we illustrate how meta-analysis can be used to simultaneously assess efficacy and stability (i.e., mean effect and among-individual variability). We identify treatments that have efficacy and are generalizable to the population level (i.e., low interindividual variability), as well as those where there is high interindividual variability in response; for these, latter treatments translation to a clinical setting may require nuance. We argue that by embracing rather than seeking to minimize variability in phenotypic outcomes, we can motivate the shift toward heterogenization and improve both the replicability and generalizability of preclinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Usui
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- The Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Malcolm R. Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah K. McCann
- QUEST Center for Transforming Biomedical Research, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alistair M. Senior
- The Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- The Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ramage FJ, Clewlow AS, Williams LM, Macleod MR, Langston RF. Effects of dietary fat manipulation on cognition in mice and rats: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Sci 2020; 4:e100108. [PMID: 35047694 PMCID: PMC8647606 DOI: 10.1136/bmjos-2020-100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The Western diet that comprises high levels of long-chain saturated fats and sugar is associated not only with metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes but also has been recently linked to brain changes and cognitive dysfunction. However, in animal studies, reported effects are variable, and the mechanisms underlying these effects are unclear. In the proposed review, we aim to summarise the diverse evidence of the effects of so-called 'high-fat' and ketogenic diets on behavioural measures of cognition in postweaning mice and rats, relative to animals on standard diets and to determine potential underlying mechanisms of high-fat diet-induced effects. SEARCH STRATEGY A comprehensive search strategy was designed to retrieve studies reporting use of a high-fat or ketogenic diet in postweaning mice and rats that included cognitive assessments. Three databases (Medline, SCOPUS and Web of Science) were searched and 4487 unique references were retrieved. SCREENING AND ANNOTATION Studies were screened for inclusion by two independent reviewers, with 330 studies retained for analysis. Characteristics of disease model choice, experimental design, intervention use and outcome assessment are to be extracted using the Systematic Review Facility (http://syrf.org.uk/) tool. Studies will be assessed for study quality and risk of bias and confidence of mechanistic involvement. DATA MANAGEMENT AND REPORTING For cognitive outcomes, effect sizes will be calculated using normalised mean difference and summarised using a random effects model. The contribution of potential sources of heterogeneity to the observed effects of diet on cognition will be assessed using multivariable meta-regression, with partitioning of heterogeneity as a sensitivity analysis. A preliminary version of this protocol was published on 9 April 2019 on the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies website (http://www.dcn.ed.ac.uk/camarades/research.html%23protocols). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION No ethical approval is required as there are no subjects in the proposed study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona J Ramage
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Dundee, School of Medicine, Dundee, UK
| | - Alexander S Clewlow
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Dundee, School of Medicine, Dundee, UK,GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Lynda M Williams
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Rosamund F Langston
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Dundee, School of Medicine, Dundee, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hirst TC, Klasen MG, Rhodes JK, Macleod MR, Andrews PJD. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Hypothermia in Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury: Why Have Promising Animal Studies Not Been Replicated in Pragmatic Clinical Trials? J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:2057-2068. [PMID: 32394804 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic hypothermia was a mainstay of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) management for half a century. Recent trials have suggested that its effect on long-term functional outcome is neutral or negative, despite apparently promising pre-clinical data. Systematic review and meta-analysis is a useful tool to collate experimental data and investigate the basis of its conclusions. We searched three online databases to identify studies testing systemic hypothermia as monotherapy for treatment of animals subjected to a TBI. Data pertaining to TBI paradigm, animal subjects, and hypothermia management were extracted as well as those relating to risk of bias. We pooled outcome data where sufficient numbers allowed and investigated heterogeneity in neurobehavioral outcomes using multi-variate meta-regression. We identified 90 publications reporting 272 experiments testing hypothermia in animals subject to TBI. The subjects were mostly small animals, with well-established models predominating. Target temperature was comparable to clinical trial data but treatment was initiated very early. Study quality was low and there was some evidence of publication bias. Delay to treatment, comorbidity, and blinded outcome assessment appeared to predict neurobehavioral outcome on multi-variate meta-regression. Therapeutic hypothermia appears to be an efficacious treatment in experimental TBI, which differs from the clinical evidence. The pre-clinical literature showed limitations in quality and design and these both appeared to affect neurobehavioral experiment outcome. These should be acknowledged when designing and interpreting pre-clinical TBI studies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodore C Hirst
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jonathan K Rhodes
- Department of Critical Care, Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J D Andrews
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Munafò MR, Chambers CD, Collins AM, Fortunato L, Macleod MR. Research Culture and Reproducibility. Trends Cogn Sci 2020; 24:91-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
15
|
Abstract
Stroke is the second highest cause of death globally and a leading cause of disability, with an increasing incidence in developing countries. Ischaemic stroke caused by arterial occlusion is responsible for the majority of strokes. Management focuses on rapid reperfusion with intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy, which both reduce disability but are time-critical. Accordingly, improving the system of care to reduce treatment delays is key to maximizing the benefits of reperfusion therapies. Intravenous thrombolysis reduces disability when administered within 4.5 h of the onset of stroke. Thrombolysis also benefits selected patients with evidence from perfusion imaging of salvageable brain tissue for up to 9 h and in patients who awake with stroke symptoms. Endovascular thrombectomy reduces disability in a broad group of patients with large vessel occlusion when performed within 6 h of stroke onset and in patients selected by perfusion imaging up to 24 h following stroke onset. Secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke shares many common elements with cardiovascular risk management in other fields, including blood pressure control, cholesterol management and antithrombotic medications. Other preventative interventions are tailored to the mechanism of stroke, such as anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation and carotid endarterectomy for severe symptomatic carotid artery stenosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce C V Campbell
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Deidre A De Silva
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital campus, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shelagh B Coutts
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Radiology and Community Health Sciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lee H Schwamm
- Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen M Davis
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A Donnan
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Mehta AR, Walters R, Waldron FM, Pal S, Selvaraj BT, Macleod MR, Hardingham GE, Chandran S, Gregory JM. Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Commun 2019; 1:fcz009. [PMID: 32133457 PMCID: PMC7056361 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcz009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interventions targeting mitochondrial dysfunction have the potential to extend survival in preclinical models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy of targeting mitochondria as a potential therapeutic target in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Preclinical studies written in the English language were identified with no restrictions on publication date from PubMed, Medline and EMBASE databases. All studies adopting interventions targeting mitochondria to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in genetic or drug-induced organism models were considered for inclusion. A total of 76 studies were included in the analysis. Survival data were extracted, and the meta-analysis was completed in RevMan 5 software. We show that targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis results in a statistically significant improvement in survival (Z = 5.31; P<0.00001). The timing of administration of the intervention appears to affect the improvement in survival, with the greatest benefit occurring for interventions given prior to disease onset. Interventions at other time points were not significant, although this is likely to be secondary to a lack of publications examining these timepoints. The quality score had no impact on efficacy, and publication bias revealed an overestimation of the effect size, owing to one outlier study; excluding this led to the recalculated effect size changing from 5.31 to 3.31 (P<0.00001). The extant preclinical literature indicates that targeting mitochondrial dysfunction may prolong survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, particularly if the intervention is administered early. A limitation of current research is a significant bias towards models based on superoxide dismutase 1, with uncertainty about generalisability to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with an underlying TAR DNA binding protein 43 proteinopathy. However, further mechanistic research is clearly warranted in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpan R Mehta
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Euan MacDonald Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rachel Walters
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Euan MacDonald Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fergal M Waldron
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Centre for Immunity Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Suvankar Pal
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Euan MacDonald Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bhuvaneish T Selvaraj
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Euan MacDonald Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Euan MacDonald Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Giles E Hardingham
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Euan MacDonald Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Euan MacDonald Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, inStem, Bangalore, India
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jenna M Gregory
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Euan MacDonald Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Edinburgh Brain Bank, Academic Department of Neuropathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hair K, Macleod MR, Sena ES. A randomised controlled trial of an Intervention to Improve Compliance with the ARRIVE guidelines (IICARus). Res Integr Peer Rev 2019; 4:12. [PMID: 31205756 PMCID: PMC6560728 DOI: 10.1186/s41073-019-0069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) guidelines are widely endorsed but compliance is limited. We sought to determine whether journal-requested completion of an ARRIVE checklist improves full compliance with the guidelines. METHODS In a randomised controlled trial, manuscripts reporting in vivo animal research submitted to PLOS ONE (March-June 2015) were randomly allocated to either requested completion of an ARRIVE checklist or current standard practice. Authors, academic editors, and peer reviewers were blinded to group allocation. Trained reviewers performed outcome adjudication in duplicate by assessing manuscripts against an operationalised version of the ARRIVE guidelines that consists 108 items. Our primary outcome was the between-group differences in the proportion of manuscripts meeting all ARRIVE guideline checklist subitems. RESULTS We randomised 1689 manuscripts (control: n = 844, intervention: n = 845), of which 1269 were sent for peer review and 762 (control: n = 340; intervention: n = 332) accepted for publication. No manuscript in either group achieved full compliance with the ARRIVE checklist. Details of animal husbandry (ARRIVE subitem 9b) was the only subitem to show improvements in reporting, with the proportion of compliant manuscripts rising from 52.1 to 74.1% (X 2 = 34.0, df = 1, p = 2.1 × 10-7) in the control and intervention groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that altering the editorial process to include requests for a completed ARRIVE checklist is not enough to improve compliance with the ARRIVE guidelines. Other approaches, such as more stringent editorial policies or a targeted approach on key quality items, may promote improvements in reporting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Hair
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Malcolm R. Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emily S. Sena
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
van der Worp HB, Macleod MR, Bath PM, Bathula R, Christensen H, Colam B, Cordonnier C, Demotes-Mainard J, Durand-Zaleski I, Gluud C, Jakobsen JC, Kallmünzer B, Kollmar R, Krieger DW, Lees KR, Michalski D, Molina C, Montaner J, Roine RO, Petersson J, Perry R, Sprigg N, Staykov D, Szabo I, Vanhooren G, Wardlaw JM, Winkel P, Schwab S. Therapeutic hypothermia for acute ischaemic stroke. Results of a European multicentre, randomised, phase III clinical trial. Eur Stroke J 2019; 4:254-262. [PMID: 31984233 PMCID: PMC6960691 DOI: 10.1177/2396987319844690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We assessed whether modest systemic cooling started within 6 hours of symptom
onset improves functional outcome at three months in awake patients with
acute ischaemic stroke. Patients and methods In this European randomised open-label clinical trial with blinded outcome
assessment, adult patients with acute ischaemic stroke were randomised to
cooling to a target body temperature of 34.0–35.0°C, started within 6 h
after stroke onset and maintained for 12 or 24 h , versus standard
treatment. The primary outcome was the score on the modified Rankin Scale at
91 days, as analysed with ordinal logistic regression. Results The trial was stopped after inclusion of 98 of the originally intended 1500
patients because of slow recruitment and cessation of funding. Forty-nine
patients were randomised to hypothermia versus 49 to standard treatment.
Four patients were lost to follow-up. Of patients randomised to hypothermia,
15 (31%) achieved the predefined cooling targets. The primary outcome did
not differ between the groups (odds ratio for good outcome, 1.01; 95%
confidence interval, 0.48–2.13; p = 0.97). The number of
patients with one or more serious adverse events did not differ between
groups (relative risk, 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.65–1.94;
p = 0.52). Discussion In this trial, cooling to a target of 34.0–35.0°C and maintaining this for 12
or 24 h was not feasible in the majority of patients. The final sample was
underpowered to detect clinically relevant differences in outcomes. Conclusion Before new trials are launched, the feasibility of cooling needs to be
improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Bart van der Worp
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Philip Mw Bath
- Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Raj Bathula
- Stroke Department, Northwick Park Hospital, London, UK
| | - Hanne Christensen
- Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg og Frederiksberg Hospitaler, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bridget Colam
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Charlotte Cordonnier
- University of Lille, Inserm U1171, Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Christian Gluud
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janus Christian Jakobsen
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Holbæk Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernd Kallmünzer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Kollmar
- Klinik für Neurologie und Neurointensivmedizin, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Kennedy R Lees
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Carlos Molina
- Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Montaner
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Risto O Roine
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jesper Petersson
- Department of Neurology, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Richard Perry
- Stroke Service, National Hospital for Neurology & Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Nikola Sprigg
- Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dimitre Staykov
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Hospital of the Brothers of St. John, Eisenstadt, Austria
| | - Istvan Szabo
- European Stroke Research Network for Hypothermia, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Edinburgh Imaging, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Per Winkel
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan Schwab
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lalu MM, Fergusson DA, Cheng W, Avey MT, Corbett D, Dowlatshahi D, Macleod MR, Sena ES, Moher D, Shorr R, McCann SK, Gray LJ, Hill MD, O'Connor A, Thayer K, Haggar F, Dobriyal A, Chung HS, Welton NJ, Hutton B. Identifying stroke therapeutics from preclinical models: A protocol for a novel application of network meta-analysis. F1000Res 2019; 8:11. [PMID: 30906535 PMCID: PMC6426098 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.15869.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Globally, stroke is the second leading cause of death. Despite the burden of illness and death, few acute interventions are available to patients with ischemic stroke. Over 1,000 potential neuroprotective therapeutics have been evaluated in preclinical models. It is important to use robust evidence synthesis methods to appropriately assess which therapies should be translated to the clinical setting for evaluation in human studies. This protocol details planned methods to conduct a systematic review to identify and appraise eligible studies and to use a network meta-analysis to synthesize available evidence to answer the following questions: in preclinical in vivo models of focal ischemic stroke, what are the relative benefits of competing therapies tested in combination with the gold standard treatment alteplase in (i) reducing cerebral infarction size, and (ii) improving neurobehavioural outcomes? Methods: We will search Ovid Medline and Embase for articles on the effects of combination therapies with alteplase. Controlled comparison studies of preclinical in vivo models of experimentally induced focal ischemia testing the efficacy of therapies with alteplase versus alteplase alone will be identified. Outcomes to be extracted include infarct size (primary outcome) and neurobehavioural measures. Risk of bias and construct validity will be assessed using tools appropriate for preclinical studies. Here we describe steps undertaken to perform preclinical network meta-analysis to synthesise all evidence for each outcome and obtain a comprehensive ranking of all treatments. This will be a novel use of this evidence synthesis approach in stroke medicine to assess pre-clinical therapeutics. Combining all evidence to simultaneously compare mutliple therapuetics tested preclinically may provide a rationale for the clinical translation of therapeutics for patients with ischemic stroke. Dissemination: Review findings will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant scientific meetings to promote knowledge transfer. Registration: PROSPERO number to be submitted following peer review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj M Lalu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Regenerative Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Dean A Fergusson
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Wei Cheng
- Knowledge Synthesis Group, Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Marc T Avey
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Dale Corbett
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Heart & Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Dar Dowlatshahi
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Heart & Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Medicine. Division of Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada.,Neuroscience Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emily S Sena
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Moher
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Knowledge Synthesis Group, Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Risa Shorr
- Learning Services, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sarah K McCann
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Laura J Gray
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Michael D Hill
- Cumming School of Medicine, Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Annette O'Connor
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Kristina Thayer
- National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fatima Haggar
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Aditi Dobriyal
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Hee Sahng Chung
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nicky J Welton
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Brian Hutton
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Knowledge Synthesis Group, Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Any given research claim can be made with a degree of confidence that a phenomenon is present, with an estimate of the precision of the observed effects and a prediction of the extent to which the findings might hold true under different experimental or real-world conditions. In some situations, the certainty and precision obtained from a single study are sufficient reliably to inform future research decisions. However, in other situations greater certainty is required. This might be the case where a substantial research investment is planned, a pivotal claim is to be made or the launch of a clinical trial programme is being considered. Under these circumstances, some form of summary of findings across studies may be helpful.Summary estimates can describe findings from exploratory (observational) or hypothesis testing experiments, but importantly, the creation of such summaries is, in itself, observational rather than experimental research. The process is therefore particularly at risk from selective identification of literature to be included, and this can be addressed using systematic search strategies and pre-specified criteria for inclusion and exclusion against which possible contributing data will be assessed. This characterises a systematic review (in contrast to nonsystematic or narrative reviews). In meta-analysis, there is an attempt to provide a quantitative summary of such research findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm R Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | | | - Kaitlyn Hair
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emily Sena
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Reinink H, de Jonge JC, Bath PM, van de Beek D, Berge E, Borregaard S, Ciccone A, Csiba L, Demotes J, Dippel DW, Kõrv J, Kurkowska-Jastrzebska I, Lees KR, Macleod MR, Ntaios G, Randall G, Thomalla G, van der Worp HB. PRECIOUS: PREvention of Complications to Improve OUtcome in elderly patients with acute Stroke. Rationale and design of a randomised, open, phase III, clinical trial with blinded outcome assessment. Eur Stroke J 2018; 3:291-298. [PMID: 30246150 PMCID: PMC6120123 DOI: 10.1177/2396987318772687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elderly patients are at high risk of complications after stroke, such as infections and fever. The occurrence of these complications has been associated with an increased risk of death or dependency.Hypothesis: Prevention of aspiration, infections, or fever with metoclopramide, ceftriaxone, paracetamol, or any combination of these in the first four days after stroke onset will improve functional outcome at 90 days in elderly patients with acute stroke. DESIGN International, 3 × 2-factorial, randomised-controlled, open-label clinical trial with blinded outcome assessment (PROBE) in 3800 patients aged 66 years or older with acute ischaemic stroke or intracerebral haemorrhage and an NIHSS score ≥ 6. Patients will be randomly allocated to any combination of oral, rectal, or intravenous metoclopramide (10 mg thrice daily); intravenous ceftriaxone (2000 mg once daily); oral, rectal, or intravenous paracetamol (1000 mg four times daily); or usual care, started within 24 h after symptom onset and continued for four days or until complete recovery or discharge from hospital, if earlier.Outcome: The primary outcome measure is the score on the modified Rankin Scale at 90 days (± 14 days), as analysed with multiple regression.Summary: This trial will provide evidence for a simple, safe and generally available treatment strategy that may reduce the burden of death or disability in patients with stroke at very low costs.Planning: First patient included in May 2016; final follow-up of the last patient by April 2020.Registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN82217627, https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN82217627.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Reinink
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen C de Jonge
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Philip M Bath
- Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Diederik van de Beek
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eivind Berge
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Alfonso Ciccone
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, ASST di Mantova, Mantua, Italy
| | - Laszlo Csiba
- Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Jacques Demotes
- European Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (ECRIN), Paris, France
| | - Diederik W Dippel
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janika Kõrv
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Kennedy R Lees
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - George Ntaios
- Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Gary Randall
- Stroke Alliance for Europe (SAFE), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Götz Thomalla
- Department of Neurology, Center for Clinical Neurosciences, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - H Bart van der Worp
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Horsburgh K, Wardlaw JM, van Agtmael T, Allan SM, Ashford MLJ, Bath PM, Brown R, Berwick J, Cader MZ, Carare RO, Davis JB, Duncombe J, Farr TD, Fowler JH, Goense J, Granata A, Hall CN, Hainsworth AH, Harvey A, Hawkes CA, Joutel A, Kalaria RN, Kehoe PG, Lawrence CB, Lockhart A, Love S, Macleod MR, Macrae IM, Markus HS, McCabe C, McColl BW, Meakin PJ, Miller A, Nedergaard M, O'Sullivan M, Quinn TJ, Rajani R, Saksida LM, Smith C, Smith KJ, Touyz RM, Trueman RC, Wang T, Williams A, Williams SCR, Work LM. Small vessels, dementia and chronic diseases - molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:851-868. [PMID: 29712883 PMCID: PMC6700732 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a major contributor to stroke, cognitive impairment and dementia with limited therapeutic interventions. There is a critical need to provide mechanistic insight and improve translation between pre-clinical research and the clinic. A 2-day workshop was held which brought together experts from several disciplines in cerebrovascular disease, dementia and cardiovascular biology, to highlight current advances in these fields, explore synergies and scope for development. These proceedings provide a summary of key talks at the workshop with a particular focus on animal models of cerebral vascular disease and dementia, mechanisms and approaches to improve translation. The outcomes of discussion groups on related themes to identify the gaps in knowledge and requirements to advance knowledge are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Horsburgh
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Tom van Agtmael
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| | | | - Philip M Bath
- Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Rosalind Brown
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Jason Berwick
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K
| | - M Zameel Cader
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Roxana O Carare
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K
| | - John B Davis
- Alzheimer's Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Jessica Duncombe
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Tracy D Farr
- School of Life Sciences, Nottingham University, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Jill H Fowler
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Jozien Goense
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Alessandra Granata
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | | | - Atticus H Hainsworth
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St Georges University of London, London, U.K
| | - Adam Harvey
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Cheryl A Hawkes
- Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics, Open University, Milton Keynes, U.K
| | - Anne Joutel
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Cerebrovascular Diseases, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Rajesh N Kalaria
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | | | - Catherine B Lawrence
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| | | | - Seth Love
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - I Mhairi Macrae
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Hugh S Markus
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Chris McCabe
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Barry W McColl
- The Roslin Institute & R(D)SVS, UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Paul J Meakin
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
| | - Alyson Miller
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA and University of Copenhagen's Center of Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael O'Sullivan
- Mater Centre for Neuroscience and Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Terry J Quinn
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Rikesh Rajani
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Cerebrovascular Diseases, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Lisa M Saksida
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colin Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Kenneth J Smith
- Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, U.K
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | | | - Tao Wang
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| | - Anna Williams
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | | | - Lorraine M Work
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Antonic A, Dottori M, Macleod MR, Donnan GA, Howells DW. NXY-059, a Failed Stroke Neuroprotectant, Offers No Protection to Stem Cell-Derived Human Neurons. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 27:2158-2165. [PMID: 29673616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing new medicines is a complex process where understanding the reasons for both failure and success takes us forward. One gap in our understanding of most candidate stroke drugs before clinical trial is whether they have a protective effect on human tissues. NXY-059 is a spin-trap reagent hypothesized to have activity against the damaging oxidative biology which accompanies ischemic stroke. Re-examination of the preclinical in vivo dataset for this agent in the wake of the failed SAINT-II RCT highlighted the presence of a range of biases leading to overestimation of the magnitude of NXY-059's effects in laboratory animals. Therefore, NXY-059 seemed an ideal candidate to evaluate in human neural tissues to determine whether human tissue testing might improve screening efficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aim of this randomized and blinded study was to assess the effects of NXY-059 on human stem cell-derived neurons in the presence of ischemia-like injury induced by oxygen glucose deprivation or oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide or sodium nitroprusside. RESULTS In MTT assays of cell survival, lactate dehydrogenase assays of total cell death and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining of apoptotic-like cell death, NXY-059 at concentrations ranging from 1 µm to 1 mm was completely without activity. Conversely an antioxidant cocktail comprising 100 µm each of ascorbate, reduced glutathione, and dithiothreitol used as a positive control provided marked neuronal protection in these assays. CONCLUSION These findings support our hypothesis that stroke drug screening in human neural tissues will be of value and provides an explanation for the failure of NXY-059 as a human stroke drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Antonic
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mirella Dottori
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Centre for Molecular and Medical Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Geoffrey A Donnan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W Howells
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; University of Tasmania, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hooijmans CR, de Vries RBM, Ritskes-Hoitinga M, Rovers MM, Leeflang MM, IntHout J, Wever KE, Hooft L, de Beer H, Kuijpers T, Macleod MR, Sena ES, ter Riet G, Morgan RL, Thayer KA, Rooney AA, Guyatt GH, Schünemann HJ, Langendam MW. Facilitating healthcare decisions by assessing the certainty in the evidence from preclinical animal studies. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0187271. [PMID: 29324741 PMCID: PMC5764235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory animal studies are used in a wide range of human health related research areas, such as basic biomedical research, drug research, experimental surgery and environmental health. The results of these studies can be used to inform decisions regarding clinical research in humans, for example the decision to proceed to clinical trials. If the research question relates to potential harms with no expectation of benefit (e.g., toxicology), studies in experimental animals may provide the only relevant or controlled data and directly inform clinical management decisions. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are important tools to provide robust and informative evidence summaries of these animal studies. Rating how certain we are about the evidence could provide important information about the translational probability of findings in experimental animal studies to clinical practice and probably improve it. Evidence summaries and certainty in the evidence ratings could also be used (1) to support selection of interventions with best therapeutic potential to be tested in clinical trials, (2) to justify a regulatory decision limiting human exposure (to drug or toxin), or to (3) support decisions on the utility of further animal experiments. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach is the most widely used framework to rate the certainty in the evidence and strength of health care recommendations. Here we present how the GRADE approach could be used to rate the certainty in the evidence of preclinical animal studies in the context of therapeutic interventions. We also discuss the methodological challenges that we identified, and for which further work is needed. Examples are defining the importance of consistency within and across animal species and using GRADE's indirectness domain as a tool to predict translation from animal models to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlijn R. Hooijmans
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department of Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob B. M. de Vries
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department of Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Merel Ritskes-Hoitinga
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department of Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maroeska M. Rovers
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department of Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mariska M. Leeflang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joanna IntHout
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department of Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberley E. Wever
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department of Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lotty Hooft
- Cochrane Netherlands, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ton Kuijpers
- Dutch College of General Practitioners, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Malcolm R. Macleod
- Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Emily S. Sena
- Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gerben ter Riet
- Department of General Practice, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca L. Morgan
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Kristina A. Thayer
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Andrew A. Rooney
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Gordon H. Guyatt
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Holger J. Schünemann
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Miranda W. Langendam
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sadigh-Eteghad S, Majdi A, McCann SK, Mahmoudi J, Vafaee MS, Macleod MR. Correction: D-galactose-induced brain ageing model: A systematic review and meta-analysis on cognitive outcomes and oxidative stress indices. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190328. [PMID: 29267394 PMCID: PMC5739475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184122.].
Collapse
|
27
|
Winkel P, Bath PM, Gluud C, Lindschou J, van der Worp HB, Macleod MR, Szabo I, Durand-Zaleski I, Schwab S. Statistical analysis plan for the EuroHYP-1 trial: European multicentre, randomised, phase III clinical trial of the therapeutic hypothermia plus best medical treatment versus best medical treatment alone for acute ischaemic stroke. Trials 2017; 18:573. [PMID: 29187242 PMCID: PMC5706304 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-2302-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cooling may reduce infarct size and improve neurological outcomes in patients with ischaemic stroke. In phase II trials, cooling awake patients with ischaemic stroke has been shown to be feasible and safe, but the effects in functional outcomes has not yet been investigated in an adequately sized randomised clinical trial. METHODS/DESIGN The EuroHYP-1 trial is a multinational, randomised, superiority phase III clinical trial with masked outcome assessment testing the benefits and harms of therapeutic cooling in awake adult patients with acute ischaemic stroke. The outcomes dealt with here include the primary outcome the Rankin score (mRS) at day 91 +/-14 days after randomisation. The secondary and exploratory outcomes at day 91 +/-14 days unless otherwise stated encompassing: (1) death or dependency, defined as mRS score > 2; (2) death; (3) National Institutes of Health Stroke Score; (4) brain infarct size at 48 +/-24 hours; (5) EQ-5D-5 L score, and (6) WHODAS 2.0 score. Other outcomes are: the primary safety outcome serious adverse events; and the incremental cost-effectiveness, and cost utility ratios. The analysis sets include (1) the intention-to-treat population, and (2) the per protocol population. The sample size is estimated to 800 patients (5% type 1 and 20% type 2 errors). All analyses are adjusted for the protocol-specified stratification variables (nationality of centre), and the minimisation variables. In the analysis, we use ordinal regression (the primary outcome), logistic regression (binary outcomes), general linear model (continuous outcomes), and the Poisson or negative binomial model (rate outcomes). DISCUSSION Major adjustments compared with the original statistical analysis plan encompass: (1) adjustment of analyses by nationality; (2) power calculations for the secondary outcomes; (3) to address the multiplicity problem using of a fixed-sequence testing procedure starting with the primary outcome followed by the secondary outcomes ordered according to falling power; (4) assignment of worst possible score to patients who are not alive at the planned date of measurement of the continuous scores; (5) improved imputations; (6) outline of a supplementary exploratory analysis of the temperature measurements and time to death; and (7) substantial reduction of sample size. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT01833312 . 4 April 2013.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Per Winkel
- The Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Philip M. Bath
- Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB UK
| | - Christian Gluud
- The Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jane Lindschou
- The Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H. Bart van der Worp
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Malcolm R. Macleod
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Edinburgh, FU204, Chancellor’s Building, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA UK
| | - Istvan Szabo
- European Stroke Research Network for Hypothermia, Square de Meeus 38/40, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Durand-Zaleski
- ECEVE, UMR 1123, URCEcoIle de France Hôpital de l’Hotel Dieu, 1 Place du parvis de Notre Dame, F 75004 Paris, France
| | - Stefan Schwab
- Neurologische Klinik, Universitætsklinikum Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - for the EuroHYP-1 trial investigators
- The Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB UK
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Edinburgh, FU204, Chancellor’s Building, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA UK
- European Stroke Research Network for Hypothermia, Square de Meeus 38/40, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
- ECEVE, UMR 1123, URCEcoIle de France Hôpital de l’Hotel Dieu, 1 Place du parvis de Notre Dame, F 75004 Paris, France
- Neurologische Klinik, Universitætsklinikum Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Simonato M, Iyengar S, Brooks-Kayal A, Collins S, Depaulis A, Howells DW, Jensen F, Liao J, Macleod MR, Patel M, Potschka H, Walker M, Whittemore V, Sena ES. Identification and characterization of outcome measures reported in animal models of epilepsy: Protocol for a systematic review of the literature-A TASK2 report of the AES/ILAE Translational Task Force of the ILAE. Epilepsia 2017; 58 Suppl 4:68-77. [PMID: 29105071 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Current antiseizure therapy is ineffective in approximately one third of people with epilepsy and is often associated with substantial side effects. In addition, most current therapeutic paradigms offer treatment, but not cure, and no therapies are able to modify the underlying disease, that is, can prevent or halt the process of epileptogenesis or alleviate the cognitive and psychiatric comorbidities. Preclinical research in the field of epilepsy has been extensive, but unfortunately, not all the animal models being used have been validated for their predictive value. The overall goal of TASK2 of the AES/ILAE Translational Task Force is to organize and coordinate systematic reviews on selected topics regarding animal research in epilepsy. Herein we describe our strategy. In the first part of the paper we provide an overview of the usefulness of systematic reviews and meta-analysis for preclinical research and explain the essentials for their conduct. Then we describe in detail the protocol for a first systematic review, which will focus on the identification and characterization of outcome measures reported in animal models of epilepsy. The specific goals of this study are to define systematically the phenotypic characteristics of the most commonly used animal models, and to effectively compare these with the manifestations of human epilepsy. This will provide epilepsy researchers with detailed information on the strengths and weaknesses of epilepsy models, facilitating their refinement and future research. Ultimately, this could lead to a refined use of relevant models for understanding the mechanism(s) of the epilepsies and developing novel therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Simonato
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Sloka Iyengar
- Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, U.S.A
| | - Amy Brooks-Kayal
- Department of Pediatrics, Neurology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Children's Hospital of Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A
| | | | - Antoine Depaulis
- Grenoble Institute for Neuroscience-INSERM U1216, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - David W Howells
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Frances Jensen
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Jing Liao
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Manisha Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Heidrun Potschka
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Matthew Walker
- Institute of Neurology, University College of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vicky Whittemore
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Emily S Sena
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Percie du Sert N, Alfieri A, Allan SM, Carswell HV, Deuchar GA, Farr TD, Flecknell P, Gallagher L, Gibson CL, Haley MJ, Macleod MR, McColl BW, McCabe C, Morancho A, Moon LD, O'Neill MJ, Pérez de Puig I, Planas A, Ragan CI, Rosell A, Roy LA, Ryder KO, Simats A, Sena ES, Sutherland BA, Tricklebank MD, Trueman RC, Whitfield L, Wong R, Macrae IM. The IMPROVE Guidelines (Ischaemia Models: Procedural Refinements Of in Vivo Experiments). J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:3488-3517. [PMID: 28797196 PMCID: PMC5669349 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17709185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Most in vivo models of ischaemic stroke target the middle cerebral artery and a spectrum of stroke severities, from mild to substantial, can be achieved. This review describes opportunities to improve the in vivo modelling of ischaemic stroke and animal welfare. It provides a number of recommendations to minimise the level of severity in the most common rodent models of middle cerebral artery occlusion, while sustaining or improving the scientific outcomes. The recommendations cover basic requirements pre-surgery, selecting the most appropriate anaesthetic and analgesic regimen, as well as intraoperative and post-operative care. The aim is to provide support for researchers and animal care staff to refine their procedures and practices, and implement small incremental changes to improve the welfare of the animals used and to answer the scientific question under investigation. All recommendations are recapitulated in a summary poster (see supplementary information).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Percie du Sert
- 1 National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), London, UK
| | - Alessio Alfieri
- 2 The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, UK
| | - Stuart M Allan
- 3 Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hilary Vo Carswell
- 4 Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Graeme A Deuchar
- 5 Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow/Arum Biosciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tracy D Farr
- 6 School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Lindsay Gallagher
- 5 Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow/Arum Biosciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Claire L Gibson
- 8 Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Michael J Haley
- 3 Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- 9 Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Barry W McColl
- 2 The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, UK
| | - Christopher McCabe
- 5 Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow/Arum Biosciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anna Morancho
- 10 Neurovascular Research Laboratory. Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lawrence Df Moon
- 11 Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Isabel Pérez de Puig
- 13 Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Planas
- 13 Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Anna Rosell
- 10 Neurovascular Research Laboratory. Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lisa A Roy
- 5 Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow/Arum Biosciences, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Alba Simats
- 10 Neurovascular Research Laboratory. Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emily S Sena
- 9 Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Brad A Sutherland
- 16 Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,17 School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Mark D Tricklebank
- 18 Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca C Trueman
- 6 School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Raymond Wong
- 3 Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - I Mhairi Macrae
- 5 Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow/Arum Biosciences, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Alvarez Campano CG, Macleod MJ, Thies F, Aucott L, Macleod MR. Marine-derived n-3 fatty acids therapy for stroke. Hippokratia 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Joan Macleod
- Polwarth Building; Dept of Medicine & Therapeutics; Foresterhill Aberdeen UK AB25 2ZN
| | - Frank Thies
- University of Aberdeen; The Rowett Institute; Aberdeen UK AB25 2ZD
| | - Lorna Aucott
- University of Aberdeen; Medical Statistics Team, The School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition; Aberdeen Scotland UK AB25 2ZD
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- University of Edinburgh; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences; Edinburgh UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rewell SSJ, Jeffreys AL, Sastra SA, Cox SF, Fernandez JA, Aleksoska E, van der Worp HB, Churilov L, Macleod MR, Howells DW. Hypothermia revisited: Impact of ischaemic duration and between experiment variability. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:3380-3390. [PMID: 28084873 PMCID: PMC5624387 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16688704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To assess the true effect of novel therapies for ischaemic stroke, a positive control that can validate the experimental model and design is vital. Hypothermia may be a good candidate for such a positive control, given the convincing body of evidence from animal models of ischaemic stroke. Taking conditions under which substantial efficacy had been seen in a meta-analysis of hypothermia for focal ischaemia in animal models, we undertook three randomised and blinded studies examining the effect of hypothermia induced immediately following the onset of middle cerebral artery occlusion on infarct volume in rats (n = 15, 23, 264). Hypothermia to a depth of 33℃ and maintained for 130 min significantly reduced infarct volume compared to normothermia treatment (by 27-63%) and depended on ischaemic duration (F(3,244) = 21.242, p < 0.05). However, the protective effect varied across experiments with differences in both the size of the infarct observed in normothermic controls and the time to reach target temperature. Our results highlight the need for sample size and power calculations to take into account variations between individual experiments requiring induction of focal ischaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah SJ Rewell
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy L Jeffreys
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Steven A Sastra
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan F Cox
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John A Fernandez
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elena Aleksoska
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - H Bart van der Worp
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leonid Churilov
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David W Howells
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, Australia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania
- David W Howells, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Medical Science Precinct, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sadigh-Eteghad S, Majdi A, McCann SK, Mahmoudi J, Vafaee MS, Macleod MR. D-galactose-induced brain ageing model: A systematic review and meta-analysis on cognitive outcomes and oxidative stress indices. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184122. [PMID: 28854284 PMCID: PMC5576729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models are commonly used in brain ageing research. Amongst these, models where rodents are exposed to d-galactose are held to recapitulate a number of features of ageing including neurobehavioral and neurochemical changes. However, results from animal studies are often inconsistent. To better understand the characteristics of the model and effects of d-galactose on neurobehavioral and neurochemical outcomes in rodents we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. We applied random-effects meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of study features. Our results give an overview of the characteristics of the d-galactose rodent ageing model, including neurobehavioral and neurochemical outcomes. We found that few studies took measures to reduce risks of bias, and substantial heterogeneity in the reported effects of d-galactose in included studies. This highlights the need for improvements in the use of the d-galactose rodent ageing model if it is to provide useful in the development of drugs to treat human ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Majdi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Sarah K. McCann
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Manouchehr S. Vafaee
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Malcolm R. Macleod
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wu S, Chalder T, Anderson KE, Gillespie D, Macleod MR, Mead GE. Development of a psychological intervention for fatigue after stroke. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183286. [PMID: 28817725 PMCID: PMC5560529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Post-stroke fatigue (PSF) is common and distressing, but there is insufficient evidence to recommend any effective treatment for it. Psychological interventions are effective in treating fatigue in other conditions. This paper describes the development and evaluation of the feasibility of a psychological intervention for PSF. Methods Based on psychological correlates of PSF and evidence-based psychological interventions for fatigue in other medical conditions, we developed a manualised psychological intervention for PSF, with input from stroke clinicians, psychological therapists, and stroke survivors. The intervention was delivered by a clinical psychologist to 12 participants with PSF to test its acceptability and feasibility. According to the feedback from participants and therapists, the intervention was refined for future use. Results The intervention consisted of six individual, face-to-face treatment sessions, and one follow-up, telephone-delivered booster session. It included psycho-education and discussion of strategies to promote physical and social activities and to challenge unhelpful thoughts. Four participants dropped out and the remaining eight participants completed the intervention. These eight participants also completed all assessments and feedback and reported fatigue levels as lower at the end of the study than at the baseline. All participants reported favourable opinions on the intervention and suggested that the last two treatment sessions be combined and the booster session be delivered in person as opposed to telephone. Conclusions This psychological intervention was acceptable to stroke patients and was feasible in the local health service. These findings suggest that a randomised controlled trial to test efficacy is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simiao Wu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Trudie Chalder
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kirstin E. Anderson
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Gillespie
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm R. Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian E. Mead
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Flynn LMC, Begg CJ, Macleod MR, Andrews PJD. Alpha Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Increases Cerebral Vessel Diameter in Animal Models of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2017; 8:357. [PMID: 28790969 PMCID: PMC5524781 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a life-threatening complication after subarachnoid hemorrhage. There is a strong association between cerebral vessel narrowing and DCI. Alpha calcitonin gene-related peptide (αCGRP) is a potent vasodilator, which may be effective at reducing cerebral vessel narrowing after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Here, we report a meta-analysis of data from nine in vivo animal studies identified in a systematic review in which αCGRP was administered in SAH models. Our primary outcome was change in cerebral vessel diameter and the secondary outcome was change in neurobehavioral scores. There was a 40.8 ± 8.2% increase in cerebral vessel diameter in those animals treated with αCGRP compared with controls (p < 0.0005, 95% CI 23.7–57.9). Neurobehavioral scores were reported in four publications and showed a standardized mean difference of 1.31 in favor of αCGRP (CI −0.49 to 3.12). We conclude that αCGRP reduces cerebral vessel narrowing seen after SAH in animal studies but note that there is insufficient evidence to determine its effect on functional outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liam M C Flynn
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline J Begg
- Emergency Department, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J D Andrews
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Berge E, Salman RAS, van der Worp HB, Stapf C, Sandercock P, Sprigg N, Macleod MR, Kelly PJ, Nederkoorn PJ, Ford GA, Arnold M, Berge E, Diez-Tejedor E, Jatuzis D, Kelly PJ, Krieger DW, Nederkoorn PJ, Sandercock P, Stapf C, Weimar C, Ford GA, Salman RAS. Increasing value and reducing waste in stroke research. Lancet Neurol 2017; 16:399-408. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(17)30078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
36
|
Bahor Z, Nunes-Fonseca C, Thomson LDG, Sena ES, Macleod MR. Improving our understanding of the in vivo modelling of psychotic disorders: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3:e00022. [PMID: 28405408 PMCID: PMC5367269 DOI: 10.1002/ebm2.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Psychosis represents a set of symptoms against which current available treatments are not universally effective and are often accompanied by adverse side effects. Clinical management could potentially be improved with a greater understanding of the underlying biology and subsequently with the introduction of novel treatments. Since many clinical drug candidates are identified through in vivo modelling, a deeper understanding of the pre-clinical field, might help us understand why translation of results from animal models to inform mental health clinical practice has so far been weak. We set out to give a shallow, but broad unbiased overview of experiments looking at the in vivo modelling of psychotic disorders using a systematic review and meta-analysis. This protocol describes the exact methodology we propose to follow in order to quantitatively review both studies characterizing a model and those experiments that investigate the effects of novel therapeutic options. We are interested in assessing the prevalence of the reporting of measures to reduce risk of bias, and the internal and external validity of the animal models and outcome measures used to validate these models. This generation of strong empirical evidence has the potential to identify areas for improvement, make suggestions for future research avenues, and ultimately inform what we think we know to improve the current attrition rate between bench and bedside in psychosis research. A review like this will also support the reduction of animal numbers used in research and the refinement of experiments to maximize their value in informing the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsanett Bahor
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | | | - Lindsay D G Thomson
- Division of Psychiatry University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital Edinburgh UK
| | - Emily S Sena
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Fernandes PM, Macleod MR, Bateman A, Abrahams S, Pal S. Conjugal amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a case report from Scotland. BMC Neurol 2017; 17:64. [PMID: 28356084 PMCID: PMC5372255 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-017-0847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conjugal amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is rare, with significant effects on psychological and care needs. We report a case of conjugal amyotrophic lateral sclerosis disease from central Scotland. This case is particularly unusual as both patients were diagnosed within an 18-month period and experienced the disease simultaneously, with similar symptomatology and progression. Case presentation Patient A was a 71-year-old man who presented with unilateral arm weakness and wasting. Patient B was a 68-year-old woman who presented with unilateral shoulder and elbow weakness. Diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was made within a few months of presentation in both cases, based on typical clinical symptomatology together with supportive neurophysiological testing. Interventions included enteral feeding and non-invasive ventilation. The time period between symptom onset and death was 5 years for Patient A and 3.5 years for Patient B. Conclusion This case illustrates two main points: the care issues surrounding cases of conjugal neurological disease, and the psychological issues in these patients. There are significant care issues arising when co-habiting couples both develop severe functionally limiting neurological diseases at the same time. The more slowly progressive nature of Patient A’s disease may be at least partially explained by the support he was able to receive from Patient B before she developed symptoms. Secondly, there are important psychological effects of living with someone with the same – but more advanced – progressive and incurable neurological disease. Thus, Patient B was reluctant to have certain interventions that she had observed being given to her husband. Lastly, no plausible shared environmental risk factors were identified, implying that the co-occurrence of ALS in this couple was a random association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P M Fernandes
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - M R Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh & NHS Forth Valley, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Bateman
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Abrahams
- Psychology - School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, and Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Pal
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, and Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh & NHS Forth Valley, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
|
39
|
Hirst TC, Watzlawick R, Rhodes JK, Macleod MR, Andrews PJD. Study protocol - A systematic review and meta-analysis of hypothermia in experimental traumatic brain injury: Why have promising animal studies not been replicated in pragmatic clinical trials? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 3:e00020. [PMID: 27867522 PMCID: PMC5101852 DOI: 10.1002/ebm2.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and permanent disability. Systemic hypothermia, a treatment used in TBI for many decades, has recently been found to be associated with neutral or unfavourable clinical outcomes despite apparently promising preclinical research. Systematic review and meta‐analysis is a tool to summarize literature and observe trends in experimental design and quality that underpin its general conclusions. Here we aim to use these techniques to describe the use of hypothermia in animal TBI models, collating data relating to outcome and both study design and quality. From here we intend to observe correlations between features and attempt to explain any discrepancies found between animal and clinical data. This protocol describes the relevant methodology in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodore C Hirst
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK; Department of Neurosurgery Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast UK
| | - Ralf Watzlawick
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology Charité Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Germany
| | - Jonathan K Rhodes
- Department of Critical Care, Anaesthesia & Pain Medicine University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Peter J D Andrews
- Department of Critical Care, Anaesthesia & Pain Medicine University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
McCann SK, Cramond F, Macleod MR, Sena ES. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist in Animal Models of Stroke: an Update. Transl Stroke Res 2016; 7:395-406. [PMID: 27526101 PMCID: PMC5014900 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-016-0489-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 RA) is an anti-inflammatory protein used clinically to treat rheumatoid arthritis and is considered a promising candidate therapy for stroke. Here, we sought to update the existing systematic review and meta-analysis of IL-1 RA in models of ischaemic stroke, published in 2009, to assess efficacy, the range of circumstances in which efficacy has been tested and whether the data appear to be confounded due to reported study quality and publication bias. We included 25 sources of data, 11 of which were additional to the original review. Overall, IL-1 RA reduced infarct volume by 36.2 % (95 % confidence interval 31.6-40.7, n = 76 comparisons from 1283 animals). Assessments for publication bias suggest 30 theoretically missing studies which reduce efficacy to 21.9 % (17.3-26.4). Efficacy was higher where IL-1 RA was administered directly into the ventricles rather than peripherally, and studies not reporting allocation concealment during the induction of ischaemia reported larger treatment effects. The preclinical data supporting IL-1 RA as a candidate therapy for ischaemic stroke have improved. The reporting of measures to reduce the risk of bias has improved substantially in this update, and studies now include the use of animals with relevant co-morbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K McCann
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Fala Cramond
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Emily S Sena
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Moulin TC, Carneiro CFD, Macleod MR, Amaral OB. Protocol for a Systematic Review of Effect Sizes and Statistical Power in the Rodent Fear Conditioning Literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 3. [PMID: 29497557 DOI: 10.1002/ebm2.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The concepts of effect size and statistical power are often disregarded in basic neuroscience, and most articles in the field draw their conclusions solely based on the arbitrary significance thresholds of statistical inference tests. Moreover, studies are often underpowered, making conclusions from significance tests less reliable. With this in mind, we present the protocol of a systematic review to study the distribution of effect sizes and statistical power in the rodent fear conditioning literature, and to analyze how these factors influence the description and publication of results. To do this we will conduct a search in PubMed for "fear conditioning" AND ("mouse" OR "mice" OR "rat" OR "rats") and obtain all articles published online in 2013. Experiments will be included if they: (a) describe the effect(s) of a single intervention on fear conditioning acquisition or consolidation; (b) have a control group to which the experimental group is compared; (c) use freezing as a measure of conditioned fear; and (d) have available data on mean freezing, standard deviation and sample size of each group and on the statistical significance of the comparison. We will use the extracted data to calculate the distribution of effect sizes in these experiments, as well as the distribution of statistical power curves for detecting a range of differences at a threshold of α=0.05. We will assess correlations between these variables and (a) the chances of a result being statistically significant, (b) the way the result is described in the article text, (c) measures to reduce risk of bias in the article and (d) the impact factor of the journal and the number of citations of the article. We will also perform analyses to see whether effect sizes vary systematically across species, gender, conditioning protocols or intervention types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago C Moulin
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clarissa F D Carneiro
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Olavo B Amaral
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen J, Yang C, Guo B, Sena ES, Macleod MR, Yuan Y, Hirst TC. The Efficacy of Trastuzumab in Animal Models of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158240. [PMID: 27463246 PMCID: PMC4963137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most frequent cancers and is the second leading cause of cancer death among women. Trastuzumab is an effective treatment, the first monoclonal antibody directed against the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). To inform the development of other effective treatments we report summary estimates of efficacy of trastuzumab on survival and tumour volume in animal models of breast cancer. Methods We searched PubMed and EMBASE systematically to identify publications testing trastuzumab in animal models of breast cancer. Data describing tumour volume, median survival and animal features were extracted and we assessed quality using a 12-item checklist. We analysed the impact of study design and quality and evidence for publication bias. Results We included data from 83 studies reporting 169 experiments using 2076 mice. Trastuzumab treatment caused a substantial reduction in tumour growth, with tumours in treated animals growing to 32.6% of the volume of tumours in control animals (95%CI 27.8%-38.2%). Median survival was prolonged by a factor of 1.45 (1.30–1.62). Many study design and quality features accounted for between-study heterogeneity and we found evidence suggesting publication bias. Conclusion We have found trastuzumab to be effective in animal breast cancer models across a range of experimental circumstances. However the presence of publication bias and a low prevalence of measures to reduce bias provide a focus for future improvements in preclinical breast cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Chen
- Department of Oncology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529030, P. R. China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou DaDao Bei, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P. R. China
| | - Canhong Yang
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, P. R. China
| | - Emily S. Sena
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellors Building, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm R. Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellors Building, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Yawei Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou DaDao Bei, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Theodore C. Hirst
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellors Building, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Egan KJ, Vesterinen HM, Beglopoulos V, Sena ES, Macleod MR. From a mouse: systematic analysis reveals limitations of experiments testing interventions in Alzheimer's disease mouse models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 3:e00015. [PMID: 29214041 PMCID: PMC5703440 DOI: 10.1002/ebm2.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a considerable socio‐economic challenge. Decades of experimental research have not led to the development of effective disease modifying interventions. A deeper understanding of in vivo research might provide insights to inform future in vivo research and clinical trial design. We therefore performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of interventions tested in transgenic mouse models of AD. We searched electronically for publications testing interventions in transgenic models of AD. We extracted data for outcome, study characteristics and reported study quality and calculated summary estimates of efficacy using random effects meta‐analysis. We identified 427 publications describing 357 interventions in 55 transgenic models, involving 11,118 animals in 838 experiments. Of concern, reported study quality was relatively low; fewer than one in four publications reported the blinded assessment of outcome or random allocation to group and no study reported a sample size calculation. Additionally, there were few data for any individual intervention—only 16 interventions had outcomes described in 5 or more publications. Finally, “trim and fill” analyses suggested one in seven pathological and neurobehavioural experiments remain unpublished. Given these historical weaknesses in the in vivo modelling of AD in transgenic animals and the identified risks of bias, clinical trials that are based on claims of efficacy in animals should only proceed after a detailed critical appraisal of those animal data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K J Egan
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - H M Vesterinen
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - V Beglopoulos
- Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - E S Sena
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - M R Macleod
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Western General Hospital University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Vandenberg LN, Ågerstrand M, Beronius A, Beausoleil C, Bergman Å, Bero LA, Bornehag CG, Boyer CS, Cooper GS, Cotgreave I, Gee D, Grandjean P, Guyton KZ, Hass U, Heindel JJ, Jobling S, Kidd KA, Kortenkamp A, Macleod MR, Martin OV, Norinder U, Scheringer M, Thayer KA, Toppari J, Whaley P, Woodruff TJ, Rudén C. A proposed framework for the systematic review and integrated assessment (SYRINA) of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Environ Health 2016; 15:74. [PMID: 27412149 PMCID: PMC4944316 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-016-0156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The issue of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is receiving wide attention from both the scientific and regulatory communities. Recent analyses of the EDC literature have been criticized for failing to use transparent and objective approaches to draw conclusions about the strength of evidence linking EDC exposures to adverse health or environmental outcomes. Systematic review methodologies are ideal for addressing this issue as they provide transparent and consistent approaches to study selection and evaluation. Objective methods are needed for integrating the multiple streams of evidence (epidemiology, wildlife, laboratory animal, in vitro, and in silico data) that are relevant in assessing EDCs. METHODS We have developed a framework for the systematic review and integrated assessment (SYRINA) of EDC studies. The framework was designed for use with the International Program on Chemical Safety (IPCS) and World Health Organization (WHO) definition of an EDC, which requires appraisal of evidence regarding 1) association between exposure and an adverse effect, 2) association between exposure and endocrine disrupting activity, and 3) a plausible link between the adverse effect and the endocrine disrupting activity. RESULTS Building from existing methodologies for evaluating and synthesizing evidence, the SYRINA framework includes seven steps: 1) Formulate the problem; 2) Develop the review protocol; 3) Identify relevant evidence; 4) Evaluate evidence from individual studies; 5) Summarize and evaluate each stream of evidence; 6) Integrate evidence across all streams; 7) Draw conclusions, make recommendations, and evaluate uncertainties. The proposed method is tailored to the IPCS/WHO definition of an EDC but offers flexibility for use in the context of other definitions of EDCs. CONCLUSIONS When using the SYRINA framework, the overall objective is to provide the evidence base needed to support decision making, including any action to avoid/minimise potential adverse effects of exposures. This framework allows for the evaluation and synthesis of evidence from multiple evidence streams. Finally, a decision regarding regulatory action is not only dependent on the strength of evidence, but also the consequences of action/inaction, e.g. limited or weak evidence may be sufficient to justify action if consequences are serious or irreversible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura N. Vandenberg
- />Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst School of Public Health & Health Sciences, Amherst, MA USA
| | - Marlene Ågerstrand
- />Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Beronius
- />Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claire Beausoleil
- />ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety), Maisons Alfort, France
| | - Åke Bergman
- />Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- />Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Lisa A. Bero
- />Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carl-Gustaf Bornehag
- />Department of health sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
- />Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, USA
| | - C. Scott Boyer
- />Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Södertälje, Sweden
| | | | - Ian Cotgreave
- />Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox), Karolinska Institutet, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - David Gee
- />Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Philippe Grandjean
- />Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Ulla Hass
- />National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Jerrold J. Heindel
- />National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of Extramural Research and Training, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Susan Jobling
- />Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Karen A. Kidd
- />Biology Department and Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick Canada
| | - Andreas Kortenkamp
- />Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Malcolm R. Macleod
- />Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Olwenn V. Martin
- />Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Ulf Norinder
- />Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Martin Scheringer
- />Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kristina A. Thayer
- />Department of Health and Human Services, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Jorma Toppari
- />University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Paul Whaley
- />Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Tracey J. Woodruff
- />School of Medicine, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA USA
| | - Christina Rudén
- />Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association between gender and deprivation and rates of admission to a national neurorehabilitation facility following subarachnoid haemorrhage or traumatic brain injury. Design: Retrospective analysis of hospital activity data. Setting: Lothian Health Board hospital activity; national neurorehabilitation centre. Subjects: Patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage or traumatic brain injury. Methods: We obtained data for hospital discharge for subarachnoid haemorrhage and traumatic brain injury for patients living in the Lothian Health Board area for the five years 1995 to 1999 by age (15 and over), sex and deprivation category of home residence from nationally held data sets. Similar data were extracted for discharges from the national neurorehabilitation unit. Main measures: Rates of neurorehabilitation admission per 1000 hospital admissions. Chi-squared testing was used to assess statistical significance. Results: Data for 13 338 hospital admissions and 329 neurorehabilitation admissions were available. We observed higher than expected rates of rehabilitation admission for men with subarachnoid haemorrhage and for patients from more affluent postcode sectors with traumatic brain injury. Conclusion: Higher rehabilitation rates are seen among men following subarachnoid haemorrhage and may indicate a focus on return-to-work in the referral or assessment of those suitable for or requiring neurorehabilitation. Higher rehabilitation rates in head injury in those from Carstairs Deprivation Category (DepCat) 2 postcode sectors may represent a bias favouring those from affluent areas in the interaction between the individual and the health service in this group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Macleod
- Clinical Neurosciences, School of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Watzlawick R, Rind J, Sena ES, Brommer B, Zhang T, Kopp MA, Dirnagl U, Macleod MR, Howells DW, Schwab JM. Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Transplantation in Experimental Spinal Cord Injury: Effect size and Reporting Bias of 62 Experimental Treatments: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e1002468. [PMID: 27244556 PMCID: PMC4886956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) transplantation is a candidate cellular treatment approach for human spinal cord injury (SCI) due to their unique regenerative potential and autologous origin. The objective of this study was, through a meta-epidemiologic approach, (i) to assess the efficacy of OEC transplantation on locomotor recovery after traumatic experimental SCI and (ii) to estimate the likelihood of reporting bias and/or missing data. A study protocol was finalized before data collection. Embedded into a systematic review and meta-analysis, we conducted a literature research of databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science from 1949/01 to 2014/10 with no language restrictions, screened by two independent investigators. Studies were included if they assessed neurobehavioral improvement after traumatic experimental SCI, administrated no combined interventions, and reported the number of animals in the treatment and control group. Individual effect sizes were pooled using a random effects model. Details regarding the study design were extracted and impact of these on locomotor outcome was assessed by meta-regression. Missing data (reporting bias) was determined by Egger regression and Funnel-plotting. The primary study outcome assessed was improvement in locomotor function at the final time point of measurement. We included 49 studies (62 experiments, 1,164 animals) in the final analysis. The overall improvement in locomotor function after OEC transplantation, measured using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) score, was 20.3% (95% CI 17.8–29.5). One missing study was imputed by trim and fill analysis, suggesting only slight publication bias and reducing the overall effect to a 19.2% improvement of locomotor activity. Dose-response ratio supports neurobiological plausibility. Studies were assessed using a 9-point item quality score, resulting in a median score of 5 (interquartile range [IQR] 3–5). In conclusion, OEC transplantation exerts considerable beneficial effects on neurobehavioral recovery after traumatic experimental SCI. Publication bias was minimal and affirms the translational potential of efficacy, but safety cannot be adequately assessed. The data justify OECs as a cellular substrate to develop and optimize minimally invasive and safe cellular transplantation paradigms for the lesioned spinal cord embedded into state-of-the-art Phase I/II clinical trial design studies for human SCI. This meta-analysis study examines the effects of transplanting olfactory ensheathing cells in rodents with experimental spinal cord injury, finding evidence for significant recovery and identifying aspects of the procedure that influence the effect size. Spinal cord injury converts into a debilitating disease affecting millions of chronic patients worldwide. Despite increased molecular knowledge over the last decades, no causal pharmacological or cellular therapy has proven effective so far. Due to their unique regenerative capabilities and their autologous origin, olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) constitute an appealing candidate for topical cell transplantation. In contrast to few and heterogeneous experimental reports of OEC transplantation after spinal cord injury in humans, a considerable number of preclinical studies have been conducted applying OEC transplantation in rodent models. We set out to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess preclinical efficacy of OEC transplantation. We detected a significant overall increase of functional neurological recovery in animals after OEC transplantation compared to the control group. This effect was not distorted by publication bias. We identified several specific hallmarks of the cell transplantation procedure that determine the effect size of the transplantation. Our findings delineate conditions for optimized OEC transplantation into lesioned spinal cords and its relevance for effective translation to human trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Watzlawick
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité Campus Mitte, Clinical and Experimental Spinal Cord Injury Research Laboratory (Neuroparaplegiology), Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julian Rind
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité Campus Mitte, Clinical and Experimental Spinal Cord Injury Research Laboratory (Neuroparaplegiology), Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emily S. Sena
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Stroke Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benedikt Brommer
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité Campus Mitte, Clinical and Experimental Spinal Cord Injury Research Laboratory (Neuroparaplegiology), Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Tian Zhang
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité–Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel A. Kopp
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité–Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dirnagl
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité–Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Malcolm R. Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David W. Howells
- Stroke Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- University of Tasmania, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medical Sciences Precinct, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jan M. Schwab
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité Campus Mitte, Clinical and Experimental Spinal Cord Injury Research Laboratory (Neuroparaplegiology), Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Spinal Cord Injury Division, The Neurological Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Neurological Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Olai H, Thornéus G, Watson H, Macleod MR, Friberg H, Rhodes J, Nielsen N, Cronberg T, Deierborg T. Protocol for meta-analysis of temperature reduction in animal models of cardiac arrest. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 3:e00014. [PMID: 27610239 PMCID: PMC4994256 DOI: 10.1002/ebm2.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Targeted temperature management (TTM) of 32–34 °C has been the standard treatment for out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest since clinical trials in 2002 showed benefits to survival and neurological outcome. Recently, this treatment has been challenged by another clinical trial showing no difference in outcome between TTM of 33 °C and 36 °C. This protocol describes the methodology for a meta‐analysis detailing temperature‐reducing interventions to treat global ischaemia in animal models. By combining relevant data sets in the literature, we will explore the experimental evidence for TTM. Our aims are to explain possible translational gaps and provide methodological considerations for future experimental research and clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Olai
- Department of Experimental Medical Science Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory Lund Sweden
| | - G Thornéus
- Department of Experimental Medical Science Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory Lund Sweden
| | - H Watson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory Lund Sweden
| | - M R Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - H Friberg
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Skåne University Hospital Lund Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - J Rhodes
- Department of Critical Care, Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK; Intensive Care and Anaesthesia Western General Hospital Edinburgh UK
| | - N Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University Lund Sweden; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Helsingborg Hospital Helsingborg Sweden
| | - T Cronberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University Lund Sweden; Department of Neurology Skåne University Hospital Lund Sweden
| | - T Deierborg
- Department of Experimental Medical Science Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory Lund Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zwetsloot PP, Végh AMD, Jansen of Lorkeers SJ, van Hout GPJ, Currie GL, Sena ES, Gremmels H, Buikema JW, Goumans MJ, Macleod MR, Doevendans PA, Chamuleau SAJ, Sluijter JPG. Cardiac Stem Cell Treatment in Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies. Circ Res 2016; 118:1223-32. [PMID: 26888636 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.307676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cardiac stem cells (CSC) therapy has been clinically introduced for cardiac repair after myocardial infarction (MI). To date, there has been no systematic overview and meta-analysis of studies using CSC therapy for MI. OBJECTIVE Here, we used meta-analysis to establish the overall effect of CSCs in preclinical studies and assessed translational differences between and within large and small animals in the CSC therapy field. In addition, we explored the effect of CSC type and other clinically relevant parameters on functional outcome to better predict and design future (pre)clinical studies using CSCs for MI. METHODS AND RESULTS A systematic search was performed, yielding 80 studies. We determined the overall effect of CSC therapy on left ventricular ejection fraction and performed meta-regression to investigate clinically relevant parameters. We also assessed the quality of included studies and possible bias. The overall effect observed in CSC-treated animals was 10.7% (95% confidence interval 9.4-12.1; P<0.001) improvement in ejection fraction compared with placebo controls. Interestingly, CSC therapy had a greater effect in small animals compared with large animals (P<0.001). Meta-regression indicated that cell type was a significant predictor for ejection fraction improvement in small animals. Minor publication bias was observed in small animal studies. CONCLUSIONS CSC treatment resulted in significant improvement of ejection fraction in preclinical animal models of MI compared with placebo. There was a reduction in the magnitude of effect in large compared with small animal models. Although different CSC types have overlapping culture characteristics, we observed a significant difference in their effect in post-MI animal studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Paul Zwetsloot
- From the Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.P.Z., A.M.D.V., S.J.J.o.L., G.P.J.v.H., J.W.B., P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.); Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.M.D.V., M.-J.G.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (G.L.C., E.S.S., M.R.M.); Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (H.G.); ICIN, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.); and UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.)
| | - Anna Maria Dorothea Végh
- From the Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.P.Z., A.M.D.V., S.J.J.o.L., G.P.J.v.H., J.W.B., P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.); Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.M.D.V., M.-J.G.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (G.L.C., E.S.S., M.R.M.); Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (H.G.); ICIN, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.); and UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.)
| | - Sanne Johanna Jansen of Lorkeers
- From the Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.P.Z., A.M.D.V., S.J.J.o.L., G.P.J.v.H., J.W.B., P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.); Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.M.D.V., M.-J.G.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (G.L.C., E.S.S., M.R.M.); Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (H.G.); ICIN, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.); and UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.)
| | - Gerardus P J van Hout
- From the Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.P.Z., A.M.D.V., S.J.J.o.L., G.P.J.v.H., J.W.B., P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.); Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.M.D.V., M.-J.G.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (G.L.C., E.S.S., M.R.M.); Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (H.G.); ICIN, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.); and UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.)
| | - Gillian L Currie
- From the Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.P.Z., A.M.D.V., S.J.J.o.L., G.P.J.v.H., J.W.B., P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.); Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.M.D.V., M.-J.G.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (G.L.C., E.S.S., M.R.M.); Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (H.G.); ICIN, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.); and UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.)
| | - Emily S Sena
- From the Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.P.Z., A.M.D.V., S.J.J.o.L., G.P.J.v.H., J.W.B., P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.); Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.M.D.V., M.-J.G.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (G.L.C., E.S.S., M.R.M.); Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (H.G.); ICIN, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.); and UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.)
| | - Hendrik Gremmels
- From the Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.P.Z., A.M.D.V., S.J.J.o.L., G.P.J.v.H., J.W.B., P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.); Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.M.D.V., M.-J.G.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (G.L.C., E.S.S., M.R.M.); Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (H.G.); ICIN, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.); and UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.)
| | - Jan Willem Buikema
- From the Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.P.Z., A.M.D.V., S.J.J.o.L., G.P.J.v.H., J.W.B., P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.); Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.M.D.V., M.-J.G.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (G.L.C., E.S.S., M.R.M.); Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (H.G.); ICIN, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.); and UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.)
| | - Marie-Jose Goumans
- From the Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.P.Z., A.M.D.V., S.J.J.o.L., G.P.J.v.H., J.W.B., P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.); Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.M.D.V., M.-J.G.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (G.L.C., E.S.S., M.R.M.); Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (H.G.); ICIN, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.); and UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.)
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- From the Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.P.Z., A.M.D.V., S.J.J.o.L., G.P.J.v.H., J.W.B., P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.); Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.M.D.V., M.-J.G.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (G.L.C., E.S.S., M.R.M.); Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (H.G.); ICIN, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.); and UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.)
| | - Pieter A Doevendans
- From the Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.P.Z., A.M.D.V., S.J.J.o.L., G.P.J.v.H., J.W.B., P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.); Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.M.D.V., M.-J.G.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (G.L.C., E.S.S., M.R.M.); Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (H.G.); ICIN, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.); and UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.)
| | - Steven A J Chamuleau
- From the Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.P.Z., A.M.D.V., S.J.J.o.L., G.P.J.v.H., J.W.B., P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.); Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.M.D.V., M.-J.G.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (G.L.C., E.S.S., M.R.M.); Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (H.G.); ICIN, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.); and UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.)
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- From the Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.P.Z., A.M.D.V., S.J.J.o.L., G.P.J.v.H., J.W.B., P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.); Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.M.D.V., M.-J.G.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (G.L.C., E.S.S., M.R.M.); Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (H.G.); ICIN, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.); and UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.A.D., S.A.J.C., J.P.G.S.).
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Vesterinen HM, Sena ES, Egan KJ, Hirst TC, Churolov L, Currie GL, Antonic A, Howells DW, Macleod MR. Corrigendum to 'Meta-analysis of data from animal studies: A practical guide': [Journal of Neuroscience Methods 221 (2014) 92-102]. J Neurosci Methods 2016; 259:156. [PMID: 28760532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H M Vesterinen
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - E S Sena
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - K J Egan
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - T C Hirst
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - L Churolov
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - G L Currie
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - A Antonic
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D W Howells
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M R Macleod
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Macleod MR, Lawson McLean A, Kyriakopoulou A, Serghiou S, de Wilde A, Sherratt N, Hirst T, Hemblade R, Bahor Z, Nunes-Fonseca C, Potluru A, Thomson A, Baginskaite J, Egan K, Vesterinen H, Currie GL, Churilov L, Howells DW, Sena ES. Correction: Risk of Bias in Reports of In Vivo Research: A Focus for Improvement. PLoS Biol 2015; 13:e1002301. [PMID: 26556632 PMCID: PMC4640855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|