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Khandibharad S, Singh S. Computational System Level Approaches for Discerning Reciprocal Regulation of IL10 and IL12 in Leishmaniasis. Front Genet 2022; 12:784664. [PMID: 35126456 PMCID: PMC8807686 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.784664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
IL12 and IL10 are two of the major cytokines which control the fate of Leishmaniasis. This paper presents two models healthy state and diseased state which shows how secretion of IL12 is responsible for parasite elimination and IL10 can jeopardize the parasite elimination and promote its survival. Epigenetic modification in the host IL12 and IL10 promoter can decide the fate of parasites. It was observed that reciprocal relationship exists between IL12 and IL10 and that is majorly controlled by a transcription factor NFAT5 from Rel family of transcription factors. By targeting this transcription factor at the cellular level, it might be possible to modulate the release of powerful pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby reducing parasite survival. The mathematical models developed here serves as a step towards finding a key component that can pave a way for therapeutic investigation.
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Wherry TLT, Dassanayake RP, Casas E, Mooyottu S, Bannantine JP, Stabel JR. Exogenous Vitamin D3 Modulates Response of Bovine Macrophages to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Infection and Is Dependent Upon Stage of Johne’s Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:773938. [PMID: 35111692 PMCID: PMC8801714 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.773938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), the causative agent of ruminant enteritis, targets intestinal macrophages. During infection, macrophages contribute to mucosal inflammation and development of granulomas in the small intestine which worsens as disease progression occurs. Vitamin D3 is an immunomodulatory steroid hormone with beneficial roles in host-pathogen interactions. Few studies have investigated immunologic roles of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) in cattle, particularly cattle infected with MAP. This study examined the effects of exogenous vitamin D3 on immune responses of monocyte derived macrophages (MDMs) isolated from dairy cattle naturally infected with MAP. MDMs were pre-treated with ± 100 ng/ml 25(OH)D3 or ± 4 ng/ml 1,25(OH)2D3, then incubated 24 hrs with live MAP in the presence of their respective pre-treatment concentrations. Following treatment with either vitamin D3 analog, phagocytosis of MAP by MDMs was significantly greater in clinically infected animals, with a greater amount of live and dead bacteria. Clinical cows had significantly less CD40 surface expression on MDMs compared to subclinical cows and noninfected controls. 1,25(OH)2D3 also significantly increased nitrite production in MAP infected cows. 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment played a key role in upregulating secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-12 while downregulating IL-10, IL-6, and IFN-γ. 1,25(OH)2D3 also negatively regulated transcripts of CYP24A1, CYP27B1, DEFB7, NOS2, and IL10. Results from this study demonstrate that vitamin D3 compounds, but mainly 1,25(OH)2D3, modulate both pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses in dairy cattle infected with MAP, impacting the bacterial viability within the macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor L. T. Wherry
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Rohana P. Dassanayake
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Ames, IA, United States
| | - Eduardo Casas
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Ames, IA, United States
| | - Shankumar Mooyottu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - John P. Bannantine
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Ames, IA, United States
| | - Judith R. Stabel
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Ames, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Judith R. Stabel,
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SAITO S, OKUNO A, KAKIZAKI N, MAEKAWA T, TSUJI NM. <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> subsp. <i>cremoris</i> C60 induces macrophages activation that enhances CD4+ T cell-based adaptive immunity. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2022; 41:130-136. [PMID: 35854694 PMCID: PMC9246417 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2021-057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris C60 is a probiotic
strain that induces diverse functional modifications in immune cells. In this report, as a
novel effect of C60 on myeloid lineage cells, we show that C60 enhances the immunological
function of macrophages that consequently promotes CD4+ T cell activity in an
antigen-dependent manner. Heat-killed (HK) C60 induced the production of pro-inflammatory
cytokines in thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages (TPMs) much stronger than
Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand stimulation. The HK-C60 treatment also augmented the
expression of antigen-presenting and co-stimulatory molecules, such as major
histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, CD80, and CD86, as well as antigen uptake in
TPMs. These HK-C60-mediated functional upregulations in TPMs resulted in the promotion of
CD4+ T cell activation in an antigen-dependent manner. Interestingly, the TPMs that
originated from the mice fed the HK-C60 diet showed pre-activated characteristics, which
was confirmed by the upregulation of cytokine production and antigen presentation-related
molecule expression under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Furthermore, the
antigen-dependent CD4+ T cell activation was also enhanced by the TPMs. This implied that
antigen presentation activity was enhanced in the TPMs that originated from the HK-C60
diet mice. Thus, C60 effectively upregulates the immunological function of macrophages
that directly connects to CD4+ T cell-based adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru SAITO
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0431, Japan
| | - Alato OKUNO
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Life Technology and Science, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8560, Japan
| | - Nanae KAKIZAKI
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Life Technology and Science, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8560, Japan
| | - Toshio MAEKAWA
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Life Technology and Science, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8560, Japan
| | - Noriko M. TSUJI
- Department of Food Science, Jumonji University, 2-1-28 Sugasawa, Niiza, Saitama 352-8510, Japan
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Khandibharad S, Nimsarkar P, Singh S. Mechanobiology of immune cells: Messengers, receivers and followers in leishmaniasis aiding synthetic devices. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 3:186-198. [PMID: 36051499 PMCID: PMC9424266 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are influential molecules which can direct cells behavior. In this review, cytokines are referred as messengers, immune cells which respond to cytokine stimulus are referred as receivers and the immune cells which gets modulated due to their plasticity induced by infectious pathogen leishmania, are referred as followers. The advantage of plasticity of cells is taken by the parasite to switch them from parasite eliminating form to parasite survival favoring form through a process called as reciprocity which is undergone by cytokines, wherein pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory switch occur rendering immune cell population to switch their phenotype. Detailed study of this switch can help in identification of important targets which can help in restoring the phenotype to parasite eliminating form and this can be done through synthetic circuit, finding its wider applicability in therapeutics. Cytokines as messengers for governing reciprocity in infection. Leishmania induces reciprocity modulating the immune cells plasticity. Reciprocity of cytokines identifies important target for therapeutics. Therapeutic targets aiding the design of synthetic devices to combat infection.
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Huang FC. The Interleukins Orchestrate Mucosal Immune Responses to Salmonella Infection in the Intestine. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123492. [PMID: 34943999 PMCID: PMC8700606 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella infection remains one of the major public health problems in the world, with increasing resistance to antibiotics. The resolution is to explore the pathogenesis of the infection and search for alternative therapy other than antibiotics. Immune responses to Salmonella infection include innate and adaptive immunity. Flagellin or muramyl dipeptide from Salmonella, recognized by extracellular Toll-like receptors and intracellular nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain2, respectively, induce innate immunity involving intestinal epithelial cells, neutrophils, macrophages, dendric cells and lymphocytes, including natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells. The cytokines, mostly interleukins, produced by the cells involved in innate immunity, stimulate adaptive immunity involving T and B cells. The mucosal epithelium responds to intestinal pathogens through its secretion of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and antimicrobial peptides. Chemokines, such as IL-8 and IL-17, recruit neutrophils into the cecal mucosa to defend against the invasion of Salmonella, but induce excessive inflammation contributing to colitis. Some of the interleukins have anti-inflammatory effects, such as IL-10, while others have pro-inflammatory effects, such as IL-1β, IL-12/IL-23, IL-15, IL-18, and IL-22. Furthermore, some interleukins, such as IL-6 and IL-27, exhibit both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions and anti-microbial defenses. The majority of interleukins secreted by macrophages and lymphocytes contributes antimicrobial defense or protective effects, but IL-8 and IL-10 may promote systemic Salmonella infection. In this article, we review the interleukins involved in Salmonella infection in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chen Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
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Krajewska Wojciechowska J, Krajewski W, Kościelska-Kasprzak K, Zatoński T. [Serum cytokines in ANCA-associated vasculitis: Correlation with disease-related clinical and laboratory findings]. Med Clin (Barc) 2021; 157:464-472. [PMID: 33097207 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis is a systemic, autoimmune disease. Cytokine dysregulation during active disease and clinical remission, reflects significant immunological activity in various disease stages, and might be responsible for the potential relapse of ANCA-vasculitis. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to screen serological profiles in active granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and to determine their associations with clinical characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IL-21, IL-23, B cell activating factor (BAFF) concentrations were determined by Quantikine HS ELISA in 71 patients, 47 with GPA and 24 with MPA, and compared with 16 healthy controls. Subsequently, the correlations between serum IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IL-21, IL-23, BAFF levels, and both laboratory and clinical abnormalities were investigated. RESULTS BAFF levels were significantly higher in GPA than MPA, and healthy controls. IL-10 and BAFF levels were elevated in GPA patients with pulmonary involvement. Higher BAFF levels might reflect severe GPA. IL-10 and IL-12 levels were higher in MPA than GPA. In MPA, IL-10 levels were highest in patients with short disease duration, and young individuals. IL-12 correlated positively with BVAS and was elevated in patients with cardiovascular involvement and nasal S. aureus carriers. CONCLUSIONS In MPA, IL-12 correlates positively with disease activity, and is significantly increased in patients with cardiovascular involvement and nasal S. aureus carriers. Increased IL-10 is observed in young MPA patients and in those with short MPA duration. Elevated BAFF and IL-10 levels are associated with pulmonary involvement in GPA. High BAFF levels might reflect severe GPA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wojciech Krajewski
- Department and Clinic of Urology and Urological Oncology, Medical University in Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Zatoński
- Department and Clinic of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University in Wroclaw, Poland
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Haslund-Vinding J, Møller JR, Ziebell M, Vilhardt F, Mathiesen T. The role of systemic inflammatory cells in meningiomas. Neurosurg Rev 2021; 45:1205-1215. [PMID: 34716512 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-021-01642-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to describe the inflammatory systemic cell infiltrate and its role in pathophysiology and prognostic implications of meningiomas. Articles from PubMed describing inflammation and immune cells in meningioma were systematically selected and reviewed. Infiltrating inflammatory cells are common in meningiomas and correlate with tumor behavior and peritumoral edema. The immune cell infiltrate mainly comprised macrophages, CD4 + T cells of the Th1 and Th2 subtype, CD8 + cytotoxic T cells, mast cells, and to a lesser degree B cells. The polarization of macrophages to M1 or M2 states, as well as the differentiation of T-helper cells to Th1 or Th2 subsets, is of prognostic value, but whether or not the presence of macrophages is associated with the degree of malignancy of the tumor is controversial. The best documented immunosuppressive and tumor-promoting mechanism is the expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1/PD-1L) which is found on both tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. The immune cell infiltration varies between different meningiomas. It contributes to a microenvironment with potential contradictory effects on tumor growth and edema. The immune mechanisms are potential therapeutic targets provided that their effects can be comprehensively understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe Haslund-Vinding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jens Riis Møller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Ziebell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik Vilhardt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tiit Mathiesen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section for Neurosurgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Deml L, Hüber CM, Barabas S, Spindler T, Cozzi E, Grossi P. Stimulatory Effect of CMV Immunoglobulin on Innate Immunity and on the Immunogenicity of CMV Antigens. Transplant Direct 2021; 7:e781. [PMID: 34712781 PMCID: PMC8547921 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) immunoglobulin (CMVIG) is used for the prophylaxis of CMV infection after transplantation. Beyond providing passive CMV-specific immunity, CMVIG exerts enhancing and suppressive immunomodulatory functions. Although the anti-inflammatory activities of CMVIG have been extensively documented, its immunostimulatory activities remain poorly characterized. Methods. This exploratory study analyzed the capacity of CMVIG to modulate cell-mediated innate and adaptive immunities in vitro on freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of CMV-seropositive and -seronegative healthy individuals, using interferon-γ (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunospot and intracellular cytokine staining assays. Results. We showed that CMVIG treatment increases the number of IFN-γ–secreting PBMCs of both CMV-seronegative and -seropositive individuals, indicating a global stimulatory effect on innate immune cells. Indeed, CMVIG significantly increased the frequency of natural killer cells producing the T helper cell 1–type cytokines tumor necrosis factor and IFN-γ. This was associated with the induction of interleukin-12–expressing monocytes and the activation of cluster of differentiation (CD) 4+ and CD8+ T cells, as measured by the expression of tumor necrosis factor and IFN-γ. Interestingly, stimulation of PBMCs from CMV-seropositive subjects with CMVIG-opsonized CMV antigens (phosphoprotein 65, CMV lysate) enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation, suggesting that CMVIG promotes the immunogenicity of CMV antigens. Conclusions. Our data demonstrate that CMVIG can stimulate effector cells of both innate and adaptive immunities and promote the immunogenicity of CMV antigens. These immunostimulatory properties might contribute to the protective effect against CMV infection mediated by CMVIG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Deml
- Lophius Biosciences GmbH, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Emanuele Cozzi
- Transplant Immunology Unit, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Grossi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria-ASST-Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
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Jia Y, Zhang L, Liu X, Zhang S, Dai J, Huang J, Chen J, Wang Y, Zhou J, Zeng Z. Selenium can regulate the differentiation and immune function of human dendritic cells. Biometals 2021; 34:1365-1379. [PMID: 34599706 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00347-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element that can regulate the function of immnue cells via selenoproteins. However, the effects of selenium on human dendritic cell (DCs) remain unclear. Thus, selenoprotein levels in monocytes, immature DCs (imDCs) and mature DCs (mDCs) treated with or without Na2SeO3 were evaluated using RT-PCR, and then the immune function of imDCs and mDCs was detected by flow cytometry, cell counting and the CCK8 assay. In addition, the effects of Se on cytokine and surface marker expression were investigated by RT-PCR. The results revealed different expression levels of selenoprotein in monocytes, imDCs and mDCs, and selenoproeins could be regulated by Se. Moreover, it was indicated that anti-phagocytic activity was improved by 0.1 µM Se, whereas it was suppressed by 0.2 µM Se in imDCs; The migration of imDCs and mDCs was improved by 0.1 µM Se, whereas their migration was inhibited by treatment with 0.05 or 0.2 µM Se; The mixed lymphocyte reaction of mDCs was improved by 0.1 µM Se, and it was inhibited by 0.05 and 0.2 µM Se. In addition, 0.1 µM Se improved the immune function of DCs through the regulation of CD80, CD86, IL12-p35 and IL12-p40. Wheres 0.05 and 0.2 µM Se impaired immune function of DCs by up-regulation of interleukin (IL-10) in imDCs and down-regulation of CD80, CD86, IL12-p35 and IL12-p40 in mDCs. In conclusion, 0.1 µM Se might improve the immune function of human DCs through selenoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jia
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Xianmei Liu
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Shichao Zhang
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiangtao Huang
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhu Zeng
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
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Pfänder P, Eiers AK, Burret U, Vettorazzi S. Deletion of Cdk5 in Macrophages Ameliorates Anti-Inflammatory Response during Endotoxemia through Induction of C-Maf and Il-10. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9648. [PMID: 34502552 PMCID: PMC8431799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune response control is critical as excessive cytokine production can be detrimental and damage the host. Interleukin-10 (Il-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine produced primarily by macrophages, is a key regulator that counteracts and controls excessive inflammatory response. Il-10 expression is regulated through the transcription factor c-Maf. Another regulator of Il-10 production is p35, an activator of the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), which decreases Il-10 production in macrophages, thus increasing inflammation. However, Cdk5 regulation of c-Maf and the involvement of Il-10 production in macrophages has not yet been investigated. We used in vitro primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) lacking Cdk5, stimulated them with lipopolysaccharid (LPS) and observed increased levels of c-Maf and Il-10. In an in vivo mouse model of LPS-induced endotoxemia, mice lacking Cdk5 in macrophages showed increased levels of c-Maf and elevated levels of Il-10 in lungs as well as in plasma, resulting in ameliorated survival. Taken together, we identified Cdk5 as a potential novel regulator of Il-10 production through c-Maf in macrophages under inflammatory conditions. Our results suggest that inhibition of Cdk5 enhances the c-Maf-Il-10 axis and thus potentiates improvement of anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Pfänder
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (P.P.); (A.-K.E.); (U.B.)
- DKTK Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Faculty of Bioscience, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Eiers
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (P.P.); (A.-K.E.); (U.B.)
| | - Ute Burret
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (P.P.); (A.-K.E.); (U.B.)
| | - Sabine Vettorazzi
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (P.P.); (A.-K.E.); (U.B.)
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The Impact of Hydrated Aluminosilicates Supplemented in Litter and Feed on Chicken Growth, Muscle Traits and Gene Expression in the Intestinal Mucosa. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082224. [PMID: 34438682 PMCID: PMC8388497 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Poultry meat production has many challenges; one of them is the optimized use of natural feed and litter additives. Aluminosilicates have many properties, stimulating both the health and growth of birds and influencing the hygienic status of production. The objectives of the study were to compare growth, meat quality traits and gene expression in the intestinal mucosa of chickens, where halloysite and zeolite were added to the feed and litter simultaneously. There was a similar growth performance in all tested groups. There was no negative impact on most of the meat characteristics, and a positive effect on the water-holding capacity of the breast muscles was observed. The immunostimulatory and immunoregulatory properties of natural minerals have been demonstrated. Therefore, their use in the production of broiler chickens can be recommended. Abstract The aim of the study was to compare the production, muscle traits and gene expression in the intestinal mucosa of chickens supplemented with aluminosilicates in feed and litter simultaneously. A total of 300 Ross 308 were maintained for 42 days. Group 1 was the control group. In group 2, 0.650 kg/m2 of halloysite was added to the litter and 0.5–2% to the feed (halloysite and zeolite in a 1:1 ratio); in group 3, we added zeolite (0.650 kg/m2) to the litter and 0.5–2% to the feed. The production parameters, the slaughter yield and analyses of muscle quality were analyzed. There was a higher body weight, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio on day 18 and 33 in group 3, and a higher feed intake on day 19–33 in groups 2 and 3 than in 1. A lower water-holding capacity was found in the breasts of group 2 and in the legs of group 3 compared to group 1. The expression of genes related to the immune response, host defense and intestinal barrier and nutrient sensing in the intestinal tissue was analyzed. The results show a beneficial effect on the immune status of the host without an adverse effect on the expression of genes related to intestinal tightness or nutritional processes. Due to the growth, meat characteristics and the positive impact of immunostimulant and regulating properties, aluminosilicates can be suggested as a litter and feed additive in the rearing of chickens.
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Umbelliprenin Increases the M1/M2 Ratio of Macrophage Polarization and Improves the M1 Macrophage Activity in THP-1 Cells Cocultured with AGS Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9927747. [PMID: 34335844 PMCID: PMC8294985 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9927747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Gastric adenocarcinoma is the fifth most diagnosed malignancy in the world. The immune system consists of a heterogeneous mixture of macrophages that defense the body through phagocytosis and the production of different cytokines and chemokines. Tumors cause macrophages to polarize differently in the manner of their favorite growth and angiogenesis. Umbelliprenin, a natural sesquiterpene coumarin, has been shown to have anticancer properties against some tumors, including gastric adenocarcinoma. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of umbelliprenin on the polarization of macrophages in addition to the measurement of some of the soluble factors they produce. Method The values of IC5 and IC50 for umbelliprenin in the AGS and THP-1 cells were estimated using the MTT assay. THP-1 cells were treated with 10 μM umbelliprenin, either alone or cocultured with AGS cells. Flow cytometry analysis of treated THP-1 cells was performed for CD68, CD86, and CD206 markers to evaluate M0, M1, and M2 macrophages polarization, respectively. AGS cells were assessed for apoptosis and necrosis by flow cytometry after labeling with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide. Interleukin- (IL-) 10 and IL-12 contents were measured in the supernatant by the ELISA method. Griess Reaction assay technique was used to determine nitric oxide (NO) concentration. Results The results of the MTT showed lower toxicity of umbelliprenin in THP-1 (IC50 = 75.79) compared to the AGS cell line (IC50 = 48.81). Umbelliprenin significantly increased the M1/M2 ratio. IL-10 content decreased significantly in the supernatant of M1 and M2 cells after umbelliprenin treatment, while IL-12 increased in the supernatant of M1 cells and decreased in the supernatant of the M2 cells. Umbelliprenin caused an increase in the NO in the supernatant of the M1 cells. Conclusion Umbelliprenin alters the macrophage's secretions and its phenotypes in favor of tumor suppression.
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A rat model to investigate quality of recovery after abdominal surgery. Pain Rep 2021; 6:e943. [PMID: 34235345 PMCID: PMC8253582 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Major advances in therapies to optimize recovery after surgery have been limited by the lack of an animal model that can mimic major domains of postoperative sickness behavior in humans. We hypothesized that the integration of commonly impaired domains of quality of recovery in humans could be reproduced in a rat model. Objectives To create a rat model that can mimic surgical recovery in humans. Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the development of a quality of recovery score after surgery. Six physiological parameters or behaviors were tested in naive, sham, and laparotomized animals. A quality of recovery score was constructed and ranged from 18 (no impairment) to 0 (gross impairment). We treated animals with a nutraceutical intervention consisting of aspirin and eicosapentaenoic acid. Inflammatory markers and specialized proresolving mediators were measured in serum and the intestinal mucosa of rats, respectively. Results We observed a significant reduction in quality of recovery scores on postoperative days 1 (median, interquartile: 6 [4.75-8.25] vs naive rats: 17.5 [15.5-18]), 2 (median, interquartile: 13 [11.25-13.25], P < 0.001 vs naive rats: 17 [17-18], P = 0.001), and 3 (median, interquartile: 14.5 [13.5-16] vs naive rats: 17 [15.75-18], P < 0.02). Surgery promoted a significant increase in the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, but it reduced levels of interleukin-12p70 and macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Lipoxin B4 and 13-HODE were significantly higher in laparotomized rats. Aspirin + eicosapentaenoic acid substantially improved recovery scores and modulated the postsurgical inflammatory response. Conclusion Our novel rat model can be used to study mechanisms governing surgical recovery in rats.
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Wang S, Cheng M, Peng P, Lou Y, Zhang A, Liu P. Iron Released after Cryo-Thermal Therapy Induced M1 Macrophage Polarization, Promoting the Differentiation of CD4 + T Cells into CTLs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137010. [PMID: 34209797 PMCID: PMC8268875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play critical roles in both innate and adaptive immunity and are known for their high plasticity in response to various external signals. Macrophages are involved in regulating systematic iron homeostasis and they sequester iron by phagocytotic activity, which triggers M1 macrophage polarization and typically exerts antitumor effects. We previously developed a novel cryo-thermal therapy that can induce the mass release of tumor antigens and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), promoting M1 macrophage polarization. However, that study did not examine whether iron released after cryo-thermal therapy induced M1 macrophage polarization; this question still needed to be addressed. We hypothesized that cryo-thermal therapy would cause the release of a large quantity of iron to augment M1 macrophage polarization due to the disruption of tumor cells and blood vessels, which would further enhance antitumor immunity. In this study, we investigated iron released in primary tumors, the level of iron in splenic macrophages after cryo-thermal therapy and the effect of iron on macrophage polarization and CD4+ T cell differentiation in metastatic 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma. We found that a large amount of iron was released after cryo-thermal therapy and could be taken up by splenic macrophages, which further promoted M1 macrophage polarization by inhibiting ERK phosphorylation. Moreover, iron promoted DC maturation, which was possibly mediated by iron-induced M1 macrophages. In addition, iron-induced M1 macrophages and mature DCs promoted the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into the CD4 cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) subset and inhibited differentiation into Th2 and Th17 cells. This study explains the role of iron in cryo-thermal therapy-induced antitumor immunity from a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (S.W.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (Y.L.); (A.Z.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Man Cheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (S.W.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (Y.L.); (A.Z.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Peng Peng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (S.W.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (Y.L.); (A.Z.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yue Lou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (S.W.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (Y.L.); (A.Z.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Aili Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (S.W.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (Y.L.); (A.Z.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (S.W.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (Y.L.); (A.Z.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-021-62933231
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Lübbers J, Eveline Li RJ, Gorki FS, Bruijns SCM, Gallagher A, Kalay H, Ambrosini M, Molenaar D, Van den Bossche J, van Vliet SJ, van Kooyk Y. α2-3 Sialic acid binding and uptake by human monocyte-derived dendritic cells alters metabolism and cytokine release and initiates tolerizing T cell programming. IMMUNOTHERAPY ADVANCES 2021; 1:ltab012. [PMID: 35919745 PMCID: PMC9327115 DOI: 10.1093/immadv/ltab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Dendritic cells (DCs) are key in the initiation of the adaptive T cell responses to tailor adequate immunity that corresponds to the type of pathogen encountered. Oppositely, DCs control the resolution phase of inflammation and are able to induce tolerance after receiving anti-inflammatory cytokines or upon encounter of self-associated molecular patterns, such as α2-3 linked sialic acid (α2-3sia).
Objective: We here investigated whether α2-3sia, that bind immune inhibitory Siglec receptors, would alter signaling and reprogramming of LPS-stimulated human monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs).
Methods and Results: Transcriptomic analysis of moDCs stimulated with α2-3sia-conjugated dendrimers revealed differentially expressed genes related to metabolic pathways, cytokines, and T cell differentiation. An increase in genes involved in ATPase regulator activity, oxidoreductase activity, and glycogen metabolic processes was detected. Metabolic extracellular flux analysis confirmed a more energetic moDC phenotype upon α2-3sia binding as evidenced by an increase in both glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. TH1 differentiation promoting genes IFNL and IL27, were significantly downregulated in the presence of α2-3sia. Functional assays confirmed that α2-3sia binding to moDCs induced phosphorylation of Siglec-9, reduced production of inflammatory cytokines IL-12 and IL-6, and increased IL-10. Surprisingly, α2-3sia-differentiated moDCs promoted FoxP3+CD25+/-CD127- regulatory T cell differentiation and decreased FoxP3-CD25-CD127- effector T cell proliferation.
Conclusions: In conclusion, we demonstrate that α2-3sia binding to moDCs, phosphorylates Siglec-9, alters metabolic pathways, cytokine signaling, and T cell differentiation processes in moDCs and promotes regulatory T cells. The sialic acid-Siglec axis on DCs is therefore, a novel target to induce tolerance and to explore for immunotherapeutic interventions aimed to restore inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Lübbers
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rui-Jún Eveline Li
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Friederike S Gorki
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven C M Bruijns
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ashley Gallagher
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hakan Kalay
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martino Ambrosini
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Douwe Molenaar
- Systems Bioinformatics, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Van den Bossche
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kim SW, Im GB, Jeong GJ, Baik S, Hyun J, Kim YJ, Pang C, Jang YC, Bhang SH. Delivery of a spheroids-incorporated human dermal fibroblast sheet increases angiogenesis and M2 polarization for wound healing. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120954. [PMID: 34130141 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Low cell engraftment is a major problem in tissue engineering. Although various methods related with cell sheets have been attempted to resolve the issue, low cell viability due to oxygen and nutrient depletion remains an obstacle toward advanced therapeutic applications. Cell therapy using fibroblasts is thought of as a good alternative due to the short doubling times of fibroblasts together with their immunomodulatory properties. Furthermore, three-dimensional (3D) fibroblasts exhibit unique angiogenic and inflammation-manipulating properties that are not present in two-dimensional (2D) forms. However, the therapeutic effect of 3D fibroblasts in tissue regeneration has not been fully elucidated. Macrophage polarization has been widely studied, as it stimulates the transition from the inflammation to the proliferation phase of wound healing. Although numerous strategies have been developed to achieve better polarization of macrophages, the low efficacy of these strategies and safety issues remain problematic. To this end, we introduced a biocompatible flat patch with specifically designed holes that form a spheroids-incorporated human dermal fibroblast sheet (SIS) to mediate the activity of inflammatory cytokines for M2 polarization and increase angiogenic efficacy. We further confirmed in vivo enhancement of wound healing with an SIS-laden skin patch (SISS) compared to conventional cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Won Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Bum Im
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Jae Jeong
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Sangyul Baik
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyu Hyun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhyun Pang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Charles Jang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Suk Ho Bhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Ahmed AAQ, Qi F, Zheng R, Xiao L, Abdalla AME, Mao L, Bakadia BM, Liu L, Atta OM, Li X, Shi Z, Yang G. The impact of ExHp-CD (outer membrane vesicles) released from Helicobacter pylori SS1 on macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and their immunogenic potential. Life Sci 2021; 279:119644. [PMID: 34048813 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial-derived extracellular vesicles could play a major role in attenuating and treating diseases. They play a major anti-infection role by modulating immune responses against pathogens and preventing infection by inhibiting pathogen localization and proliferation. In this study, outer membrane vesicles (ExHp-CD) released by Helicobacter pylori SS1 (H. pylori) and total antigens isolated from H. pylori SS1 (AgHp) were evaluated for their immunogenic potential and their effect on macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Results demonstrated that both ExHp-CD and AgHp induced T helper 2 (Th2) immune response, which was reported to be important in immune protection against H. pylori infections. Both ExHp-CD and AgHp produced high levels of IL-10 and IL-4, while no significant levels of IL-12 p70 or IFN-γ were detected. However, ExHp-CD showed a better effect on macrophage RAW 264.7 cells compared to AgHp. Macrophage RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with 5, and 10 μg/mL of ExHp-CD showed an increased ratio of CD206 (M2 phenotype marker) and a decreased ratio of CD86 (M1 phenotype marker). Moreover, results suggested that the immunogenic effect that ExHp-CD possesses was attributed to their cargo of Epimerase_2 domain-containing protein (Epi_2D), Probable malate:quinone oxidoreductase (Pro_mqo), and Probable cytosol aminopeptidase (Pro_ca). Results demonstrated that ExHp-CD possesses an immunological activity to induce Th2 immune response against H. pylori infection with results comparable to AgHp. However, ExHp-CD showed higher efficacy regarding safety, biocompatibility, lack of toxicity, and hemocompatibility. Thus, it could serve as an immunogenic candidate with more desired characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Ahmed Qaed Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fuyu Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ruizhu Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ahmed M E Abdalla
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Applied Science, University of Bahri, Khartoum 1660/11111, Sudan
| | - Lin Mao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bianza Moise Bakadia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Omar Mohammad Atta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhijun Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Malhotra H, Garg V, Singh G. Biomarker Approach Towards Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2021; 17:162-175. [PMID: 33327920 DOI: 10.2174/1573397116666201216164013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an auto-immune disorder, recognized by cartilage as well as bone destruction, which causes irreversible joint deformities, which further results in functional limitations in the patient. Genes like HLA-DRB1 and PTPN22 are likely implicated in the genetic predisposition of rheumatoid arthritis pathology. The first and foremost clinical manifestation in a person with rheumatoid arthritis is joint destruction followed by cartilage and bone destruction caused by cell-cell interactions. The cell-cell interactions are thought to be initialized through the contact of antigen-presenting cells (APC) with CD4+ cells, leading to the progression of the disease. APC includes a complex of class ІІ major histocompatibility complex molecules along with peptide antigens and binds to the receptors present on the surface of T-cells. Further, the activation of macrophages is followed by the release of various pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and TNF-α, which lead to the secretion of enzymes that degrade proteoglycan and collagen, which in turn, increase tissue degradation. Biomarkers like IL-6, IL-12, IL-8 and IL-18, 14-3-3η, RANKL, IFN-γ, IFN-β and TGF-β have been designated as key biomarkers in disease development and progression. The study of these biomarkers is very important as they act as a molecular indicator of pathological processes that aggravate the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Malhotra
- Chandigarh College of Pharmacy Landran, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Vandana Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Govind Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Stabel JR, Waters WR, Bannantine JP, Palmer MV. Comparative cellular immune responses in calves after infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, M. avium subsp. avium, M. kansasii and M. bovis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 237:110268. [PMID: 34023615 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, calves were infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (M. avium), Mycobacterium kansasii (M. kansasii), or Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) to determine differences in cellular immunity. Comparative cellular responses were assessed upon stimulation of cells with mycobacterial whole cell sonicates respective of each infection group. Antigen-specific whole blood interferon gamma (IFN-γ) responses were observed in all infection groups compared to noninfected control calves, however, responses were more robust for M. bovis calves. Upon antigen stimulation of PBMCs, secretion of IFN-γ and IL-10 was higher for M. bovis calves compared to other infection groups. In contrast, IL-12 secretion was lower for M. bovis calves compared to MAP infected calves. Within the total PBMC population, higher numbers of CD4+, CD8+, and γδ TCR + T cells were observed for MAP and M. avium calves compared to M. bovis calves. This aligned with higher expression of CD26 on these subpopulations for MAP and M. avium calves, as well. In contrast, greater expression of CD25 was observed on CD4+ and γδ TCR + T cells and natural killer cells for M. bovis calves. Overall, similarities in cellular immune responses were observed between the closely related MAP and M. avium during infection of calves. In contrast, significant differences were noted between calves infected with MAP and M. bovis. This suggests that host immune responses to different mycobacteria may impact interpretation of diagnostic tools based upon their cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Stabel
- USDA-ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, United States.
| | - W R Waters
- USDA-ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, United States
| | - J P Bannantine
- USDA-ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, United States
| | - M V Palmer
- USDA-ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, United States
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Balestrieri B, Granata F, Loffredo S, Petraroli A, Scalia G, Morabito P, Cardamone C, Varricchi G, Triggiani M. Phenotypic and Functional Heterogeneity of Low-Density and High-Density Human Lung Macrophages. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050505. [PMID: 34064389 PMCID: PMC8147777 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary macrophages are a highly heterogeneous cell population distributed in different lung compartments. METHODS We separated two subpopulations of macrophages from human lung parenchyma according to flotation over density gradients. RESULTS Two-thirds 65.4% of the lung macrophages have a density between 1.065 and 1.078 (high-density macrophages: HDMs), and the remaining one-third (34.6) had a density between 1.039 and 1.052 (low-density macrophages: LDMs). LDMs had a larger area (691 vs. 462 μm2) and cell perimeter (94 vs. 77 μm) compared to HDMs. A significantly higher percentage of HDMs expressed CD40, CD45, and CD86 compared to LDMs. In contrast, a higher percentage of LDMs expressed the activation markers CD63 and CD64. The release of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was significantly higher in HDMs than in LDMs. CONCLUSION The human lung contains two subpopulations of macrophages that differ in buoyancy, morphometric parameters, surface marker expression and response to LPS. These subpopulations of macrophages probably play distinct roles in lung inflammation and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Balestrieri
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (A.P.); (G.V.)
- Correspondence: (B.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Francescopaolo Granata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (A.P.); (G.V.)
- Center of Excellence, World Allergy Organization (WAO), 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (B.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (A.P.); (G.V.)
- Center of Excellence, World Allergy Organization (WAO), 80131 Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Angelica Petraroli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (A.P.); (G.V.)
- Center of Excellence, World Allergy Organization (WAO), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Scalia
- Clinical and Experimental Cytometry Unit, CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Paolo Morabito
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, A. Cardarelli Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Chiara Cardamone
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (C.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (A.P.); (G.V.)
- Center of Excellence, World Allergy Organization (WAO), 80131 Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Triggiani
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (C.C.); (M.T.)
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Dhandapani H, Seetharaman A, Jayakumar H, Ganeshrajah S, Singh SS, Thangarajan R, Ramanathan P. Autologous cervical tumor lysate pulsed dendritic cell stimulation followed by cisplatin treatment abrogates FOXP3+ cells in vitro. J Gynecol Oncol 2021; 32:e59. [PMID: 33908712 PMCID: PMC8192235 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2021.32.e59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Dendritic cells (DCs) are administered as immunotherapeutic adjuvants after the completion of standard treatment in most settings. However, our Phase I trial indicated that one patient out of four, who received autologous tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cell (TLDC) also received cisplatin chemotherapy and experienced complete regression of her lung lesion, continuing to be disease free till date. Hence, the objective of our current study is to evaluate the sustenance or augmentation of immune responses when autologous human papillomavirus positive cervical tumor lysate pulsed DC- are combined with cisplatin, using co-culture assays in vitro. Methods Before treatment, peripheral blood and punch biopsy samples were collected from 23 cervical cancer patients after obtaining an informed consent. DC functionality was confirmed through phenotypic and functional assays using autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells as responders. For cisplatin experiments, the drug was added at 150, 200 (clinical dose equivalent), and 400 µM concentrations to DCs alone or DC-T cell co-cultures. Phenotypic assessment and functional characterization of DCs was done using flow cytometry. Cytokine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and interferon (IFN)-γ enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot assays were also performed. Results The functionality of TLDCs was not compromised upon cisplatin treatment in vitro even at the highest (400 μM) concentration. Even though cisplatin treatment reduced the secretion of IFN-γ and interleukin (IL)-12p40 in co-cultures stimulated with TLDCs, this effect was not significant (p>0.05). A doubling of IFN-γ secretion following cisplatin treatment was observed in at least one of three independent experiments. Additional experiments showed a reduction in both FOXP3+ regulatory T cells and IL-10 levels. Conclusion Our results provide evidence that cisplatin treatment may be given after autologous TLDC administration to maintain or improve a productive anti-tumor response in vaccinated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemavathi Dhandapani
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Dr. Krishnamurthy Campus, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Abirami Seetharaman
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Dr. Krishnamurthy Campus, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Hascitha Jayakumar
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Dr. Krishnamurthy Campus, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Selvaluxmy Ganeshrajah
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Dr. Krishnamurthy Campus, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Shirley Sunder Singh
- Department of Oncopathology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Dr. Krishnamurthy Campus, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Rajkumar Thangarajan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Dr. Krishnamurthy Campus, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Priya Ramanathan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Dr. Krishnamurthy Campus, Chennai 600036, India.
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Jagdmann S, Berchtold D, Gutbier B, Witzenrath M, Meisel A, Meisel C, Dames C. Efficacy and safety of intratracheal IFN-γ treatment to reverse stroke-induced susceptibility to pulmonary bacterial infections. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 355:577568. [PMID: 33862420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stroke-induced immunosuppression contributes to the development of stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP). Experiments in mice demonstrated that apoptosis of IFN-γ producing cells and reduced IFN-γ secretion resulted in impaired immune responses and the development of pneumonia after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of intratracheal IFN-γ treatment to prevent SAP and demonstrated that modest benefits on pulmonary cytokine response in IFN-γ treated stroke mice did not prevent spontaneously developing infections and even slightly reduced bacterial clearance of aspirated pneumococci. Our results suggest that pulmonary IFN-γ treatment is not an effective preventive measure for SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Jagdmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Medical Immunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany.
| | - Daniel Berchtold
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Experimental Neurology, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany.
| | - Birgitt Gutbier
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany.
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany.
| | - Andreas Meisel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Experimental Neurology, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurology, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany.
| | - Christian Meisel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Medical Immunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany; Labor Berlin-Charité Vivantes, Sylter Str. 2, Berlin 13353, Germany.
| | - Claudia Dames
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Medical Immunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Experimental Neurology, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany.
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A partially demineralized allogeneic bone graft: in vitro osteogenic potential and preclinical evaluation in two different intramembranous bone healing models. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4907. [PMID: 33649345 PMCID: PMC7921404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In skeletal surgical procedures, bone regeneration in irregular and hard-to-reach areas may present clinical challenges. In order to overcome the limitations of traditional autologous bone grafts and bone substitutes, an extrudable and easy-to-handle innovative partially demineralized allogenic bone graft in the form of a paste has been developed. In this study, the regenerative potential of this paste was assessed and compared to its clinically used precursor form allogenic bone particles. Compared to the particular bone graft, the bone paste allowed better attachment of human mesenchymal stromal cells and their commitment towards the osteoblastic lineage, and it induced a pro-regenerative phenotype of human monocytes/macrophages. The bone paste also supported bone healing in vivo in a guide bone regeneration model and, more interestingly, exhibited a substantial bone-forming ability when implanted in a critical-size defect model in rat calvaria. Thus, these findings indicate that this novel partially demineralized allogeneic bone paste that combines substantial bone healing properties and rapid and ease-of-use may be a promising alternative to allogeneic bone grafts for bone regeneration in several clinical contexts of oral and maxillofacial bone grafting.
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74
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Kassianides X, Gordon A, Sturmey R, Bhandari S. The comparative effects of intravenous iron on oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with chronic kidney disease and iron deficiency: a randomized controlled pilot study. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2021; 40:89-98. [PMID: 33745264 PMCID: PMC8041632 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.20.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerns exist regarding the pro-oxidant and inflammatory potential of intravenous (IV) iron due to labile plasma iron (LPI) generation. This IRON-CKD trial compared the effects of different IV irons on oxidative stress and inflammation. METHODS In this randomized open-label explorative single-center study in the United Kingdom, non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with iron deficiency were randomized (1:1:1:1) to receive a single infusion of 200 mg iron dextran, or 200 mg iron sucrose (IS), or 200 mg or 1,000 mg ferric derisomaltose (FDI) and were followed up for 3 months. The primary outcomes measured were induction of oxidative stress and inflammation. Secondarily, efficacy, vascular function, quality of life, and safety were monitored. RESULTS Forty patients were enrolled. No significant rise in oxidative stress existed, regardless of preparation or dose. There was a significant rise in LPI with 1,000 mg FDI at 2 hours that normalized within a week, not impacting oxidative stress or inflammation. A delayed rise in C-reactive protein was noted with IS. High-dose FDI produced a sustained serum ferritin increase (mean ± standard error of the mean of predose: 69.1 ± 18.4 μg/L, 3 months: 271.0 ± 83.3 μg/L; p = 0.007). Hemoglobin remained stable throughout. No adverse drug reactions were recorded during the study. CONCLUSION A single dose of IV iron in CKD patients does not trigger oxidative stress or inflammation biomarkers. Third-generation IV irons have a reassuring safety profile, and high-dose FDI produced a sustained serum ferritin rise and more efficient iron repletion, with no significant pro-oxidant or inflammatory signals when compared to a lower dose and other IV irons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenophon Kassianides
- Academic Renal Research Department, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Hull York Medical School, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK
| | - Andrew Gordon
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Roger Sturmey
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Sunil Bhandari
- Academic Renal Research Department, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Hull York Medical School, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK
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Eslami-Kaliji F, Sarafbidabad M, Kiani-Esfahani A, Mirahmadi-Zare SZ, Dormiani K. 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid a bio-immunomodulator in tissue engineering; generates tolerogenic dendritic cells by blocking the toll-like receptor4. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:1575-1587. [PMID: 33638611 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), in response to the biomaterials, utilize toll-like receptors (TLRs) to become mature or tolerogenic through TLRs-dependent signaling pathways, especially TLR4. Regarding the physicochemical properties of biomaterials, some of such signaling pathways are activated. Unsaturated fatty acids have been explored as an antagonist for TLRs and lead to the tolerogenic phenotype of DCs. Here we showed that, although cultured DCs on both chitosan and Alginate-polyethyleneimine (Alg-PEI) films became fully mature, 10-hydroxy-2-decanoic acid (10-HDA), an unsaturated fatty acid found in royal jelly, led to the tolerogenic immunophenotype of DCs on both films. The cultured cells on the films possessed iDCs-like morphology in the presence of 10-HDA. Moreover, 10-HDA expressed lower levels of CD80, CD83, CD86, and HLA-DR, a higher level of IL-10, and lower level of IL-12 in the cultured DCs on both films. Furthermore, HEK293T cells expressing only TLR4 (HEK-TLR4 cells) were co-cultured with LPS, a specific agonist for TLR4, and 10-HDA. The 10-HDA significantly reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α) in the HEK-TLR4 cells compared to treated only with LPS. These findings indicate that the 10-HDA acts as an antagonist of TLR4; therefore, potentially can be used in autoimmune diseases and preventing the rejection of biomaterials implantation and allograft transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Eslami-Kaliji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sarafbidabad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Kiani-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyede Zohreh Mirahmadi-Zare
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kianoush Dormiani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
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76
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Spence T, Allsopp PJ, Yeates AJ, Mulhern MS, Strain JJ, McSorley EM. Maternal Serum Cytokine Concentrations in Healthy Pregnancy and Preeclampsia. J Pregnancy 2021; 2021:6649608. [PMID: 33680514 PMCID: PMC7925069 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6649608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The maternal immune response is essential for successful pregnancy, promoting immune tolerance to the fetus while maintaining innate and adaptive immunity. Uncontrolled, increased proinflammatory responses are a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. The Th1/Th2 cytokine shift theory, characterised by bias production of Th2 anti-inflammatory cytokine midgestation, was frequently used to reflect the maternal immune response in pregnancy. This theory is simplistic as it is based on limited information and does not consider the role of other T cell subsets, Th17 and Tregs. A range of maternal peripheral cytokines have been measured in pregnancy cohorts, albeit the changes in individual cytokine concentrations across gestation is not well summarised. Using available data, this review was aimed at summarising changes in individual maternal serum cytokine concentrations throughout healthy pregnancy and evaluating their association with preeclampsia. We report that TNF-α increases as pregnancy progresses, IL-8 decreases in the second trimester, and IL-4 concentrations remain consistent throughout gestation. Lower second trimester IL-10 concentrations may be an early predictor for developing preeclampsia. Proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-8, and IL-6) are significantly elevated in preeclampsia. More research is required to determine the usefulness of using cytokines, particularly IL-10, as early biomarkers of pregnancy health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Spence
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Philip J. Allsopp
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Alison J. Yeates
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Maria S. Mulhern
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - J. J. Strain
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Emeir M. McSorley
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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Levy ES, Chang R, Zamecnik CR, Dhariwala MO, Fong L, Desai TA. Multi-Immune Agonist Nanoparticle Therapy Stimulates Type I Interferons to Activate Antigen-Presenting Cells and Induce Antigen-Specific Antitumor Immunity. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1014-1025. [PMID: 33541072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunity is mediated by a delicate orchestration between the innate and adaptive immune system both systemically and within the tumor microenvironment. Although several adaptive immunity molecular targets have been proven clinically efficacious, stand-alone innate immunity targeting agents have not been successful in the clinic. Here, we report a nanoparticle optimized for systemic administration that combines immune agonists for TLR9, STING, and RIG-I with a melanoma-specific peptide to induce antitumor immunity. These immune agonistic nanoparticles (iaNPs) significantly enhance the activation of antigen-presenting cells to orchestrate the development and response of melanoma-sensitized T-cells. iaNP treatment not only suppressed tumor growth in an orthotopic solid tumor model, but also significantly reduced tumor burden in a metastatic animal model. This combination biomaterial-based approach to coordinate innate and adaptive anticancer immunity provides further insights into the benefits of stimulating multiple activation pathways to promote tumor regression, while also offering an important platform to effectively and safely deliver combination immunotherapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Levy
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Ryan Chang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Colin R Zamecnik
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Miqdad O Dhariwala
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United Stats
| | - Lawrence Fong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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78
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Karimollah A, Hemmatpur A, Hosseini N, Manshadi MD. Tropisetron balances immune responses via TLR2, TLR4 and JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway in LPS-stimulated PBMCs. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 128:669-676. [PMID: 33523585 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Numerous documents have been stated that tropisetron, an antagonist of the 5-HT3 receptor and α7nAChR agonist, modulates immune responses. However, the mechanistic basis for this aspect of tropisetron action is largely unknown. Here, the immuno-modulatory effects of tropisetron are investigated, focusing on the possible molecular targets and the mechanisms. Aside from the well-characterized role in immune signalling, JAK2/STAT3, TLR2 and TLR4 are signal transducers linked to both immuno-modulatory actions of acetylcholine and serotonin. Therefore, we evaluated their involvement in the immunoregulatory effects of tropisetron. To test the hypothesis, we assessed the expression of pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17 and IL-10 following tropisetron treatment in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from healthy subjects. Tropisetron up-regulates the transcription of TLR2, TLR4, JAK2 and STAT3 genes. Tropisetron also increases the expression of target pro-inflammatory cytokines, although considerably suppresses the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-17 and TNF-α) levels in media. Tropisetron notably promotes both IL-10 gene expression and secretion. These findings confirm the antiphlogistic properties of tropisetron. The present data also shed light on a new aspect of tropisetron immune-modulatory action that engaged TLR2, TLR4 and JAK2/STAT3 signalling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Karimollah
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Anahid Hemmatpur
- Department of Biochemistry, School of medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of medical sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Nafise Hosseini
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahdi Dehghan Manshadi
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
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Stanfield BA, Purves T, Palmer S, Sullenger B, Welty-Wolf K, Haines K, Agarwal S, Kasotakis G. IL-10 and class 1 histone deacetylases act synergistically and independently on the secretion of proinflammatory mediators in alveolar macrophages. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245169. [PMID: 33471802 PMCID: PMC7816993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 suppresses pro-inflammatory IL-12b expression after Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in colonic macrophages, as part of the innate immunity Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)-NF-κB activation system. This homeostatic mechanism limits excess inflammation in the intestinal mucosa, as it constantly interacts with the gut flora. This effect is reversed with Histone Deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), a class I HDAC, siRNA, suggesting it is mediated through HDAC3. Given alveolar macrophages’ prominent role in Acute Lung Injury (ALI), we aim to determine whether a similar regulatory mechanism exists in the typically sterile pulmonary microenvironment. Methods Levels of mRNA and protein for IL-10, and IL-12b were determined by qPCR and ELISA/Western Blot respectively in naïve and LPS-stimulated alveolar macrophages. Expression of the NF-κB intermediaries was also similarly assessed. Experiments were repeated with AS101 (an IL-10 protein synthesis inhibitor), MS-275 (a selective class 1 HDAC inhibitor), or both. Results LPS stimulation upregulated all proinflammatory mediators assayed in this study. In the presence of LPS, inhibition of IL-10 and/or class 1 HDACs resulted in both synergistic and independent effects on these signaling molecules. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR on key components of the TLR4 signaling cascade demonstrated significant diversity in IL-10 and related gene expression in the presence of LPS. Inhibition of IL-10 secretion and/or class 1 HDACs in the presence of LPS independently affected the transcription of MyD88, IRAK1, Rela and the NF-κB p50 subunit. Interestingly, by quantitative ELISA inhibition of IL-10 secretion and/or class 1 HDACs in the presence of LPS independently affected the secretion of not only IL-10, IL-12b, and TNFα, but also proinflammatory mediators CXCL2, IL-6, and MIF. These results suggest that IL-10 and class 1 HDAC activity regulate both independent and synergistic mechanisms of proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine signaling. Conclusions Alveolar macrophages after inflammatory stimulation upregulate both IL-10 and IL-12b production, in a highly class 1 HDAC-dependent manner. Class 1 HDACs appear to help maintain the balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory IL-12b and IL-10 respectively. Class 1 HDACs may be considered as targets for the macrophage-initiated pulmonary inflammation in ALI in a preclinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent A. Stanfield
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Trauma, Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Todd Purves
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Urology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Scott Palmer
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bruce Sullenger
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Karen Welty-Wolf
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Krista Haines
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Trauma, Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Suresh Agarwal
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Trauma, Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - George Kasotakis
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Trauma, Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Boucher A, Klopfenstein N, Hallas WM, Skibbe J, Appert A, Jang SH, Pulakanti K, Rao S, Cowden Dahl KD, Dahl R. The miR-23a∼27a∼24-2 microRNA Cluster Promotes Inflammatory Polarization of Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 206:540-553. [PMID: 33328213 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are critical for regulating inflammatory responses. Environmental signals polarize macrophages to either a proinflammatory (M1) state or an anti-inflammatory (M2) state. We observed that the microRNA (miRNA) cluster mirn23a, coding for miRs-23a, -27a, and -24-2, regulates mouse macrophage polarization. Gene expression analysis of mirn23a-deficient myeloid progenitors revealed a decrease in TLR and IFN signaling. Mirn23a -/- bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) have an attenuated response to LPS, demonstrating an anti-inflammatory phenotype in mature cells. In vitro, mirn23a-/- BMDMs have decreased M1 responses and an enhanced M2 responses. Overexpression of mirn23a has the opposite effect, enhancing M1 and inhibiting M2 gene expression. Interestingly, expression of mirn23a miRNAs goes down with inflammatory stimulation and up with anti-inflammatory stimulation, suggesting that its regulation prevents locking macrophages into polarized states. M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) correlates with poor outcome for many tumors, so to determine if there was a functional consequence of mirn23a loss modulating immune cell polarization, we assayed syngeneic tumor growth in wild-type and mirn23a -/- mice. Consistent with the increased anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive phenotype in vitro, mirn23a -/- mice inoculated with syngeneic tumor cells had worse outcomes compared with wild-type mice. Coinjecting tumor cells with mirn23a -/- BMDMs into wild-type mice phenocopied tumor growth in mirn23a -/- mice, supporting a critical role for mirn23a miRNAs in macrophage-mediated tumor immunity. Our data demonstrate that mirn23a regulates M1/M2 polarization and suggests that manipulation of mirn23a miRNA can be used to direct macrophage polarization to drive a desired immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Boucher
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617
| | - Nathan Klopfenstein
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617
| | - William Morgan Hallas
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Jennifer Skibbe
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617
| | - Andrew Appert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617
| | - Seok Hee Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617
| | | | - Sridhar Rao
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226.,Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; and
| | - Karen D Cowden Dahl
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617
| | - Richard Dahl
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556; .,Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617
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81
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Toll-Like Receptor 2-Tpl2-Dependent ERK Signaling Drives Inverse Interleukin 12 Regulation in Dendritic Cells and Macrophages. Infect Immun 2020; 89:IAI.00323-20. [PMID: 33077627 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00323-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated responses to Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-driven extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) signaling in dendritic cells (DCs) versus macrophages. TLR2 signaling was induced with Pam3Cys-Ser-Lys4, and the role of ERK signaling was interrogated pharmacologically with MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 or genetically with bone marrow-derived macrophages or DCs from Tpl2-/- mice. We assessed cytokine production via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or V-Plex, and mRNA levels were assessed via reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). In macrophages, blockade of ERK signaling by pharmacologic or genetic approaches inhibited interleukin 10 (IL-10) expression and increased expression of the p40 subunit shared by IL-12 and IL-23 (IL-12/23p40). In DCs, blockade of ERK signaling similarly inhibited IL-10 expression but decreased IL-12/23p40 expression, which is opposite to the effect of ERK signaling blockade on IL-12/23p40 in macrophages. This difference in IL-12/23p40 regulation correlated with the differential expression of transcription factors cFos and IRF1, which are known to regulate IL-12 family members, including IL-12 and IL-23. Thus, the impact of ERK signaling in response to TLR2 stimulation differs between macrophages and DCs, potentially regulating their distinctive functions in the immune system. ERK-mediated suppression of IL-12/23p40 in macrophages may prevent excessive inflammation and associated tissue damage following TLR2-stimulation, while ERK-mediated induction of IL-12/23p40 in DCs may promote priming of T helper 1 (Th1) responses. A greater understanding of the role that ERK signaling plays in different immune cell types may inform the development of host-directed therapy and optimal adjuvanticity for a number of infectious pathogens.
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Ullrich KAM, Schulze LL, Paap EM, Müller TM, Neurath MF, Zundler S. Immunology of IL-12: An update on functional activities and implications for disease. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:1563-1589. [PMID: 33408595 PMCID: PMC7783470 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-3104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As its first identified member, Interleukin-12 (IL-12) named a whole family of cytokines. In response to pathogens, the heterodimeric protein, consisting of the two subunits p35 and p40, is secreted by phagocytic cells. Binding of IL-12 to the IL-12 receptor (IL-12R) on T and natural killer (NK) cells leads to signaling via signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) and subsequent interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production and secretion. Signaling downstream of IFN-γ includes activation of T-box transcription factor TBX21 (Tbet) and induces pro-inflammatory functions of T helper 1 (TH1) cells, thereby linking innate and adaptive immune responses. Initial views on the role of IL-12 and clinical efforts to translate them into therapeutic approaches had to be re-interpreted following the discovery of other members of the IL-12 family, such as IL-23, sharing a subunit with IL-12. However, the importance of IL-12 with regard to immune processes in the context of infection and (auto-) inflammation is still beyond doubt. In this review, we will provide an update on functional activities of IL-12 and their implications for disease. We will begin with a summary on structure and function of the cytokine itself as well as its receptor and outline the signal transduction and the transcriptional regulation of IL-12 secretion. In the second part of the review, we will depict the involvement of IL-12 in immune-mediated diseases and relevant experimental disease models, while also providing an outlook on potential translational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A.-M. Ullrich
- Department of Medicine and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Lou Schulze
- Department of Medicine and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Paap
- Department of Medicine and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Tanja M. Müller
- Department of Medicine and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
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83
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Dollin Y, Rubin J, Carvajal RD, Rached H, Nitzkorski JR. Pembrolizumab and tavokinogene telseplasmid electroporation in metastatic melanoma. Int J Surg Case Rep 2020; 77:591-594. [PMID: 33395852 PMCID: PMC7708754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
TAVO is a novel office-based local therapy effective in patients with advanced melanoma. Involves direct injection of an IL-12 plasmid into an accessible tumor by electroporation. Case study to assess efficacy of TAVO in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Found to be a safe and effective local treatment with abscopal effect.
Introduction Tavokinogene Telseplasmid Electroporation Therapy (TAVO) and Pembrolizumab therapy is being studied in subjects with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) resistant melanoma. TAVO is a novel office-based local therapy shown to be effective in patients with advanced melanoma. The technique involves the direct injection of a plasmid encoding IL-12 into an accessible tumor driven by electroporation. The tumor cells have then been shown to express high levels of IL-12 resulting in a local inflammatory response within the tumor microenvironment. Presentation of case The patient with stage IIB, pT3b melanoma was treated with primary tumor resection and found to have a negative sentinel node biopsy. She subsequently developed regional recurrence and was treated with inguinal lymphadenectomy and adjuvant Nivolumab. Despite therapy, she had progression of disease with skin and subcutaneous metastases (in-transit lesions), brain and liver lesions, hilar and iliac nodal disease. She was transitioned to nivolumab + ipilimumab, and Talimogene Laherparepvec (T-VEC) therapy for the in-transit lesions, without success. Stereotactic radiosurgery was used for the brain metastasis. Groin subcutaneous and in-transit lesions were treated with TAVO and intravenous pembrolizumab. Serial physical exams and CT scans were used to assess response. Discussion All lesions treated with TAVO resolved. An abscopal response was also noted: hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy resolved. The liver mass and pelvic lymphadenopathy decreased in size, and her brain metastasis remained stable after radiation. Conclusion This case suggests that combination TAVO and Pembrolizumab is a safe and effective local treatment for ICI resistant metastatic melanoma in the setting of rheumatoid arthritis. An abscopal effect was also noted through control of systemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason Rubin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vassar Brothers Medical Center, Poughkeepsie, NY, USA
| | - Richard D Carvajal
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Helene Rached
- Department of Surgery, Vassar Brothers Medical Center, USA
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84
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Hachim D, LoPresti ST, Rege RD, Umeda Y, Iftikhar A, Nolfi AL, Skillen CD, Brown BN. Distinct macrophage populations and phenotypes associated with IL-4 mediated immunomodulation at the host implant interface. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:5751-5762. [PMID: 32945303 PMCID: PMC7641101 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00568a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The host macrophage response to implants has shown to be affected by tissue location and physio-pathological conditions of the patient. Success in immunomodulatory strategies is thus predicated on the proper understanding of the macrophage populations participating on each one of these contexts. The present study uses an in vivo implantation model to analyze how immunomodulation via an IL-4 eluting implant affects distinct macrophage populations at the tissue-implant interface and how this may affect downstream regenerative processes. Populations identified as F4/80+, CD68+ and CD11b+ macrophages at the peri-implant space showed distinct susceptibility to polarize towards an M2-like phenotype under the effects of delivered IL-4. Also, the presence of the coating resulted in a significant reduction in F4/80+ macrophages, while other populations remained unchanged. These results suggests that the F4/80+ macrophage population may be predominant in the early stages of the host response at the surface of these implants, in contrast to CD11b+ macrophage populations which were either fewer in number or located more distant from the implant surface. Gene expression assays showed increased proteolytic activity and diminished matrix deposition as possible mechanisms explaining the decreased fibrotic capsule deposition and improved peri-implant tissue quality shown in previous studies using IL-4 eluting coatings. The pattern of M2-like gene expression promoted by IL-4 was correlated with glycosaminoglycan production within the site of implantation at early stages of the host response, suggesting a significant role in this response. These findings demonstrate that immunomodulatory strategies can be utilized to design and implement targeted delivery for improving biomaterial performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hachim
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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85
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Koch PD, Pittet MJ, Weissleder R. The chemical biology of IL-12 production via the non-canonical NFkB pathway. RSC Chem Biol 2020; 1:166-176. [PMID: 34458756 PMCID: PMC8341911 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00022a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) has emerged as an attractive cytokine for cancer therapy because it has direct anti-cancer effects and additionally plays a critical role in enhancing checkpoint inhibitors. Given these multiple modes of actions, identifying means to pharmacologically induce IL-12 production in the tumor microenvironment has become important. In this review, we highlight therapeutics that promote IL-12 induction in tumor-associated myeloid cells through the non-canonical NFkB pathway. We discuss existing clinical trials and briefly examine the additional pathway targets that warrant further exploration for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Koch
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital 185 Cambridge St Boston MA 02114 USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School 200 Longwood Ave Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Mikael J Pittet
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital 185 Cambridge St Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital 185 Cambridge St Boston MA 02114 USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School 200 Longwood Ave Boston MA 02115 USA
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86
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Martins AFL, Morais MO, Sousa-Neto SS, Oton-Leite AF, Pereira CH, Valadares MC, Freitas NMA, Batista AC, Leles CR, Mendonça EF. The Effect of Photobiomodulation on Nitrite and Inflammatory Activity in Radiotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Lasers Surg Med 2020; 53:671-683. [PMID: 32997817 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To investigate pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and nitrite salivary levels in patients with head and neck cancer receiving photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) associated with a Preventive Oral Care Program (POCP), for prevention and control of oral mucositis (OM) during radiotherapy (RT) associated or not with chemotherapy protocol. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS In this randomized double-blinded clinical trial, 48 patients were randomly assigned to two groups: PBMT (n = 25) and Control (n = 23). In the PBMT group, patients were submitted to PBMT associated with the POCP. In the Control group, patients were submitted only to the POCP. Saliva samples were collected in the 1st (baseline), 7th, 14th, 21st, and 30th sessions of RT, and the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-1β, and tumoral necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured using the cytometric bead array. Nitrite levels were measured by colorimetric method. OM was assessed using the World Health Organization and the National Cancer Institute scales. RESULTS Patients in the PBMT group presented less severe OM. PBMT tended to stabilize nitrite concentration levels during the RT regimen. The IL-1β concentration was associated with higher OM scores. PBMT promoted an increase in IL-12p70, TNF-α, and IL-10 concentration. CONCLUSION PBMT was effective in the prevention and control of severe OM, and its mechanism of action may be related to a better balance of inflammatory response that may favor injury control. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allisson F L Martins
- Laboratório de Patologia Oral da, Faculdade de Odontologia da, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Universitária Esquina com 1ª Avenida, s/n. Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, 74605-220, Brazil.,Departamento de Radioterapia do Hospital de Câncer Araújo Jorge. R. 239, 206, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, 74175-120, Brazil
| | - Marília O Morais
- Setor de Odontologia do Hospital de Câncer Araújo Jorge. R. 239, 206-Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, 74175-120, Brazil.,Departamento de Radioterapia do Hospital de Câncer Araújo Jorge. R. 239, 206, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, 74175-120, Brazil
| | - Sebastião S Sousa-Neto
- Laboratório de Patologia Oral da, Faculdade de Odontologia da, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Universitária Esquina com 1ª Avenida, s/n. Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, 74605-220, Brazil.,Departamento de Radioterapia do Hospital de Câncer Araújo Jorge. R. 239, 206, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, 74175-120, Brazil
| | - Angélica F Oton-Leite
- Setor de Odontologia do Hospital de Câncer Araújo Jorge. R. 239, 206-Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, 74175-120, Brazil.,Departamento de Radioterapia do Hospital de Câncer Araújo Jorge. R. 239, 206, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, 74175-120, Brazil
| | - Carlos H Pereira
- Laboratório de Patologia Oral da, Faculdade de Odontologia da, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Universitária Esquina com 1ª Avenida, s/n. Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, 74605-220, Brazil.,Departamento de Radioterapia do Hospital de Câncer Araújo Jorge. R. 239, 206, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, 74175-120, Brazil
| | - Marize C Valadares
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia Celular da, Faculdade de Farmácia da, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 5ª Avenida Esquina com Rua 240, s/n. Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, 74605-170, Brazil.,Departamento de Radioterapia do Hospital de Câncer Araújo Jorge. R. 239, 206, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, 74175-120, Brazil
| | - Nilceana M A Freitas
- Departamento de Radioterapia do Hospital de Câncer Araújo Jorge. R. 239, 206, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, 74175-120, Brazil.,Laboratório de Patologia Oral da, Faculdade de Odontologia da, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Universitária Esquina com 1ª Avenida, s/n. Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, 74605-220, Brazil
| | - Aline C Batista
- Departamento de Radioterapia do Hospital de Câncer Araújo Jorge. R. 239, 206, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, 74175-120, Brazil.,Departamento de Prevenção e Reabilitação Oral da, Faculdade de Odontologia da, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Universitária Esquina com 1ª Avenida, s/n. Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, 74605-220, Brazil
| | - Cláudio R Leles
- Departamento de Radioterapia do Hospital de Câncer Araújo Jorge. R. 239, 206, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, 74175-120, Brazil.,Laboratório de Patologia Oral da, Faculdade de Odontologia da, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Universitária Esquina com 1ª Avenida, s/n. Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, 74605-220, Brazil
| | - Elismauro F Mendonça
- Departamento de Radioterapia do Hospital de Câncer Araújo Jorge. R. 239, 206, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, 74175-120, Brazil.,Laboratório de Patologia Oral da, Faculdade de Odontologia da, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Universitária Esquina com 1ª Avenida, s/n. Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, 74605-220, Brazil
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87
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Zhou K, Cheng T, Zhan J, Peng X, Zhang Y, Wen J, Chen X, Ying M. Targeting tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:234. [PMID: 32968456 PMCID: PMC7500051 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant population type of tumor-infiltrating immune cells found in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and are evolutionarily associated with microvessel density in tumor tissues. TAMs can be broadly divided into M1-like and M2-like TAMs, which demonstrate antitumor and pro-tumor activity in the TME, respectively. Studies have indicated that: i) The predominate presence of M2-like TAMs in the TME can result in tumor immunosuppression and chemoresistance; ii) the ratio of M1-like to M2-like TAMs in the TME is positively correlated with better long-term prognosis of patients with cancer; iii) epigenetic silencing, preventing the secretion of M1-like TAM-associated molecules, is an important immune evasion mechanism during tumor progression; and iv) the transformation from M2-like to M1-like TAMs following exposure to specific conditions can result in tumor regression. The present study discusses the molecular events underlying the recruitment of macrophages and their polarization into M1-like or M2-like TAMs, and their differential roles in angiogenesis, angiostasis, invasion, metastasis and immune activity in the TME. This insight may inform the improved design of TAM-targeted cancer immunotherapy. Some of these therapeutic strategies show promising effects; however, challenges remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China.,The First Clinical Medical College, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Tan Cheng
- Queen Mary School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jinyue Zhan
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Peng
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jianpei Wen
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoman Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Muying Ying
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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88
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Alobaid M, Richards SJ, Alexander M, Gibson M, Ghaemmaghami A. Developing immune-regulatory materials using immobilized monosaccharides with immune-instructive properties. Mater Today Bio 2020; 8:100080. [PMID: 33205040 PMCID: PMC7649522 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2020.100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
New strategies for immune modulation have shown real promise in regenerative medicine as well as the fight against autoimmune diseases, allergies, and cancer. Dendritic cells (DCs) are gatekeepers of the immune system and their ability in shaping the adaptive immune responses makes DCs ideal targets for immune modulation. Carbohydrates are abundant in different biological systems and are known to modulate DC phenotype and function. However, how simple monosaccharides instruct DC function is less well understood. In this study, we used a combinatorial array of immobilized monosaccharides to investigate how they modulate DC phenotype and function and crucially the impact of such changes on downstream adaptive immune responses. Our data show that a selection of monosaccharides significantly suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced DC activation as evidenced by a reduction in CD40 expression, IL-12 production, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity, while inducing a significant increase in IL-10 production. These changes are indicative of the induction of an anti-inflammatory or regulatory phenotype in DCs, which was further confirmed in DC-T cell co-cultures where DCs cultured on the 'regulatory' monosaccharide-coated surfaces were shown to induce naïve T cell polarization toward regulatory phenotype. Our data also highlighted a selection of monosaccharides that are able to promote mixed Treg and Th17 cell differentiation, a T cell phenotype expected to be highly immune suppressive. These data show the potential immunomodulatory effects of immobilized monosaccharides in priming DCs and skewing T cell differentiation toward an immune-regulatory phenotype. The ability to fine-tune immune responses using these simple carbohydrate combinations (e.g. as coatings for existing materials) can be utilized as novel tools for immune modulation with potential applications in regenerative medicine, implantable medical devices, and wound healing where reduction of inflammatory responses and maintaining immune homeostasis are desirable.
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Key Words
- (Gal1), 100% 1-amino-1-deoxy-β-d-galactose
- (Gal1–Gal2), 50% 1-amino-1-deoxy-β-d-galactose + 50% 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-d-galactose
- (Gal2), 100% 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-d-galactose
- (Gal2–Man1), 90% 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-d-galactose + 10% 1-amino-1-deoxy-β-d-mannose
- (Gal2–Man2), 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-d-galactose + 10% 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-d-mannose
- (Man1–Man2), 40% 1-amino-1-deoxy-β-d-mannose + 60% 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-d-mannose
- CLR, C-type lectin receptor
- Carbohydrates
- DC-SIGN, Dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin
- DCs, Dendritic cells
- Dendritic cells
- FBS, Fetal bovine serum
- Fucose
- Galactose
- IDO, Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
- Immune modulation
- Immune-instructive materials
- LPS, Lipopolysaccharide
- MFI, Median fluorescence intensity
- MR, Mannose receptor
- MT, 1-methyl-DL-tryptophan
- Mannose
- PRR, Pattern recognition receptor
- Polymers
- T cells
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Affiliation(s)
- M.A. Alobaid
- Immunology & Immuno-Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - S.-J. Richards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - M.R. Alexander
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - M.I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - A.M. Ghaemmaghami
- Immunology & Immuno-Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
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89
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Hu R, Lin H, Li J, Zhao Y, Wang M, Sun X, Min Y, Gao Y, Yang M. Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917-derived outer membrane vesicles enhance immunomodulation and antimicrobial activity in RAW264.7 macrophages. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:268. [PMID: 32854612 PMCID: PMC7457259 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01953-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) has been widely studied for the treatment of intestinal inflammatory diseases and infectious diarrhea, but the mechanisms by which they communicate with the host are not well-known. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are produced by Gram-negative bacteria and deliver microbial molecules to distant target cells in the host, which play a very important role in mediating bacteria-host communication. Here, we aimed to investigate whether EcN-derived OMVs (EcN_OMVs) could mediate immune regulation in macrophages. Results In this study, after the characterization of EcN_OMVs using electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking and proteomic analyses, we demonstrated by confocal fluorescence microscopy that EcN_OMVs could be internalized by RAW 264.7 macrophages. Stimulation with EcN_OMVs at appropriate concentrations promoted proliferation, immune-related enzymatic activities and phagocytic functions of RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, EcN_OMVs induced more anti-inflammatory responses (IL-10) than pro-inflammatory responses (IL-6 and TNF-α) in vitro, and also modulated the production of Th1-polarizing cytokine (IL-12) and Th2-polarizing cytokine (IL-4). Treatments with EcN_OMVs effectively improved the antibacterial activity of RAW 264.7 macrophages. Conclusions These findings indicated that EcN_OMVs could modulate the functions of the host immune cells, which will enrich the existing body of knowledge of EVs as an important mechanism for the communication of probiotics with their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujiu Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hua Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Animal Engineering, Yangling Vocation and Technical Colleg, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuezhen Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mimi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqin Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuna Min
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yupeng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingming Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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90
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Herrera-Uribe J, Liu H, Byrne KA, Bond ZF, Loving CL, Tuggle CK. Changes in H3K27ac at Gene Regulatory Regions in Porcine Alveolar Macrophages Following LPS or PolyIC Exposure. Front Genet 2020; 11:817. [PMID: 32973863 PMCID: PMC7468443 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in chromatin structure, especially in histone modifications (HMs), linked with chromatin accessibility for transcription machinery, are considered to play significant roles in transcriptional regulation. Alveolar macrophages (AM) are important immune cells for protection against pulmonary pathogens, and must readily respond to bacteria and viruses that enter the airways. Mechanism(s) controlling AM innate response to different pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are not well defined in pigs. By combining RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) with chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing (ChIP-seq) for four histone marks (H3K4me3, H3K4me1, H3K27ac and H3K27me3), we established a chromatin state map for AM stimulated with two different PAMPs, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Poly(I:C), and investigated the potential effect of identified histone modifications on transcription factor binding motif (TFBM) prediction and RNA abundance changes in these AM. The integrative analysis suggests that the differential gene expression between non-stimulated and stimulated AM is significantly associated with changes in the H3K27ac level at active regulatory regions. Although global changes in chromatin states were minor after stimulation, we detected chromatin state changes for differentially expressed genes involved in the TLR4, TLR3 and RIG-I signaling pathways. We found that regions marked by H3K27ac genome-wide were enriched for TFBMs of TF that are involved in the inflammatory response. We further documented that TF whose expression was induced by these stimuli had TFBMs enriched within H3K27ac-marked regions whose chromatin state changed by these same stimuli. Given that the dramatic transcriptomic changes and minor chromatin state changes occurred in response to both stimuli, we conclude that regulatory elements (i.e. active promoters) that contain transcription factor binding motifs were already active/poised in AM for immediate inflammatory response to PAMPs. In summary, our data provides the first chromatin state map of porcine AM in response to bacterial and viral PAMPs, contributing to the Functional Annotation of Animal Genomes (FAANG) project, and demonstrates the role of HMs, especially H3K27ac, in regulating transcription in AM in response to LPS and Poly(I:C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juber Herrera-Uribe
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Haibo Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Kristen A Byrne
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-Agriculture Research Service, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Zahra F Bond
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-Agriculture Research Service, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Crystal L Loving
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-Agriculture Research Service, Ames, IA, United States
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91
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García-Sánchez M, Jiménez-Pelayo L, Horcajo P, Collantes-Fernández E, Ortega-Mora LM, Regidor-Cerrillo J. Neospora caninum infection induces an isolate virulence-dependent pro-inflammatory gene expression profile in bovine monocyte-derived macrophages. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:374. [PMID: 32711550 PMCID: PMC7382829 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neospora caninum is an obligate intracellular parasite, and its ability to survive inside host immune cells may be a key mechanism for the establishment of infection in cattle. In vitro studies carried out by our group have shown that N. caninum is able to replicate in bovine macrophages (MØs), alter their microbicidal mechanisms and exploit their motility. Furthermore, host-cell control seems to be isolate virulence-dependent. Methods To investigate the molecular basis underlying the innate responses in MØs against N. caninum and the mechanisms of parasite manipulation of the host cell environment, the transcriptome profile of bovine monocyte-derived MØs infected with high-virulence (Nc-Spain7) or low-virulence (Nc-Spain1H) N. caninum isolates was studied. Results Functional enrichment revealed upregulation of genes involved in chemokine signalling, inflammation, cell survival, and inhibition of genes related with metabolism and phagolysosome formation. MØs activation was characterized by the induction of a predominantly M1 phenotype with expression of TLR2, TLR3 and TLR9 and activation of the NF-ƙB signalling pathway. Heat-killed N. caninum tachyzoites failed to activate NF-ƙB, and to inhibit lysosomal activity and apoptosis, which indicates active modulation by the parasite. The FoxO signalling pathway, Th1-Th2 differentiation, glycosaminoglycan degradation and apoptosis were pathways enriched only for low virulent Nc-Spain1H infection. In addition, Nc-Spain1H infection upregulated the IL12A and IL8 pro-inflammatory cytokines, whereas IL23 was downregulated by high virulent Nc-Spain7. Conclusions This study revealed mechanisms implicated in the recognition of N. caninum by bovine MØs and in the development of the subsequent immune response. NF-ƙB seems to be the main signalling pathway implicated in the pro-inflammatory bovine MØs response against this pathogen. Apoptosis and phagolysosome maturation are processes repressed by N. caninum infection, which may guarantee its intracellular survival. The results also indicate that Nc-Spain7 may be able to partially circumvent the pro-inflammatory response whereas Nc-Spain1H induces a protective response to infection, which may explain the more efficient transmission of the high-virulence Nc-Spain7 isolate observed in vivo.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta García-Sánchez
- Saluvet, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Jiménez-Pelayo
- Saluvet, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Horcajo
- Saluvet, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Collantes-Fernández
- Saluvet, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Ortega-Mora
- Saluvet, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Regidor-Cerrillo
- Saluvet, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Saluvet-Innova, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Early urinary protein changes during tumor formation in a NuTu-19 tail vein injection rat model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11709. [PMID: 32678190 PMCID: PMC7367258 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68674-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of cancer is essential for effective intervention. Urine has been used to reflect early changes in various tumor-bearing models. However, urine has not been used to predict whether tumors will form in animal models. In this study, a cancer model was established by tail vein injection of 2 million NuTu-19 tumor cells. Urine samples were randomly selected from tumor-forming and non-tumor-forming rats on day 0/12/27/39/52 and were analyzed by label-free and parallel reaction monitoring targeted proteomic quantitative analyses. In tumor-forming rats, differential proteins were associated with tumor cell migration, TGF-β signaling and the STAT3 pathway. A total of 9 urinary proteins showed significant changes in the early phase of lung tumor formation in all eight tumor-bearing rats. Differential proteins in non-tumor-forming rats were associated with glutathione biosynthesis, IL-12 signaling and vitamin metabolism. A total of 12 urinary proteins changed significantly in the early phase in all seven non-tumor-forming rats. Our small-scale pilot study indicated that (1) the urinary proteome reflects early changes during lung tumor formation and that (2) the urinary proteome can distinguish early tumor-forming rats from non-tumor-forming rats.
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93
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ASGR1 and Its Enigmatic Relative, CLEC10A. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144818. [PMID: 32650396 PMCID: PMC7404283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The large family of C-type lectin (CLEC) receptors comprises carbohydrate-binding proteins that require Ca2+ to bind a ligand. The prototypic receptor is the asialoglycoprotein receptor-1 (ASGR1, CLEC4H1) that is expressed primarily by hepatocytes. The early work on ASGR1, which is highly specific for N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), established the foundation for understanding the overall function of CLEC receptors. Cells of the immune system generally express more than one CLEC receptor that serve diverse functions such as pathogen-recognition, initiation of cellular signaling, cellular adhesion, glycoprotein turnover, inflammation and immune responses. The receptor CLEC10A (C-type lectin domain family 10 member A, CD301; also called the macrophage galactose-type lectin, MGL) contains a carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) that is homologous to the CRD of ASGR1, and thus, is also specific for GalNAc. CLEC10A is most highly expressed on immature DCs, monocyte-derived DCs, and alternatively activated macrophages (subtype M2a) as well as oocytes and progenitor cells at several stages of embryonic development. This receptor is involved in initiation of TH1, TH2, and TH17 immune responses and induction of tolerance in naïve T cells. Ligand-mediated endocytosis of CLEC receptors initiates a Ca2+ signal that interestingly has different outcomes depending on ligand properties, concentration, and frequency of administration. This review summarizes studies that have been carried out on these receptors.
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94
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Najmuddin SUFS, Amin ZM, Tan SW, Yeap SK, Kalyanasundram J, Ani MAC, Veerakumarasivam A, Chan SC, Chia SL, Yusoff K, Alitheen NB. Cytotoxicity study of the interleukin-12-expressing recombinant Newcastle disease virus strain, rAF-IL12, towards CT26 colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:278. [PMID: 32612457 PMCID: PMC7325054 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oncolytic viruses have emerged as an alternative therapeutic modality for cancer as they can replicate specifically in tumour cells and induce toxic effects leading to apoptosis. Despite the great potentials and promising results shown in multiple studies, it appears that their efficacy is still moderate and deemed as not sufficient in clinical studies. In addressing this issue, genetic/molecular engineering approach has paved its way to improve the therapeutic efficacy as observed in the case of herpes simplex virus (HSV) expressing granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). This study aimed to explore the cytotoxicity effects of recombinant NDV strain AF2240-i expressing interleukin-12 (rAF-IL12) against CT26 colon cancer cells. Methods The cytotoxicity effect of rAF-IL12 against CT26 colon cancer cell line was determined by MTT assay. Based on the IC50 value from the anti-proliferative assay, further downward assays such as Annexin V FITC and cell cycle progression were carried out and measured by flow cytometry. Then, the in vivo study was conducted where the rAF-IL12 viral injections were given at the intra-tumoral site of the CT26 tumour-burden mice. At the end of the experiment, serum biochemical, T cell immunophenotyping, serum cytokine, histopathology of tumour and organ section, TUNEL assay, and Nanostring gene expression analysis were performed. Results The rAF-IL12 induced apoptosis of CT26 colon cancer cells in vitro as revealed in the Annexin V FITC analysis and also arrested the cancer cells progression at G1 phase of the cell cycle analysis. On the other hand, the rAF-IL12 significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the growth of CT26 tumour in Balb/c mice and had regulated the immune system by increasing the level of CD4 + , CD8 + , IL-2, IL-12, and IFN-γ. Furthermore, the expression level of apoptosis-related genes (bax and p53) was up-regulated as a result of the rAF-IL12 treatment. Additionally, the rAF-IL12 had also down-regulated the expression level of KRAS, BRAF, MAPK1, Notch1, CCL2, and VEGF oncogenes. Besides, rAF-IL12 intra-tumoral delivery was considered safe and not hazardous to the host as evidenced in pathophysiology of the normal tissues and organs of the mice as well as from the serum biochemistry profile of liver and kidney. Conclusions These results indicated that rAF-IL12 had better anti-tumoral and cytotoxicity effects compared to its parental wild-type, AF2240-i in combatting the CT26 colon cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahiah Mohamed Amin
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia
| | - Sheau Wei Tan
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Jeevanathan Kalyanasundram
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Alhapis Che Ani
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia
| | | | - Soon Choy Chan
- School of Foundation Studies, Perdana University, Block B and D1, MAEPS Building, MARDI Complex, Jalan MAEPS Perdana, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Suet Lin Chia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia.,Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia.,Malaysian Genome Institute, National Institute of Biotechnology, Kajang, Jalan Bangi, 43000 Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia.,Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia
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95
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Liu W, Dai E, Liu Z, Ma C, Guo ZS, Bartlett DL. In Situ Therapeutic Cancer Vaccination with an Oncolytic Virus Expressing Membrane-Tethered IL-2. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2020; 17:350-360. [PMID: 32405533 PMCID: PMC7210382 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful in situ therapeutic vaccination would allow locally delivered oncolytic virus (OV) to exert systemic immunologic effects on metastases and improve survival. We have utilized bilateral flank tumor models to determine the most efficacious regimens of in situ vaccination. Intratumoral injection with membrane-tethered interleukin -2-armed OV (vvDD-mIL2) plus a Toll-like receptor 9 ligand (CpG) yielded systemic immunization and decreased tumor growth in a contralateral, noninjected tumor. Our main aims were to study the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) after vaccination and identify additional immune adjuvants that may improve the systemic tumor-specific immunity. Immunological profiles in the spleen showed an increased CD8+ T cell/regulatory T cell (Treg) ratio and increased CD11c+ cells after dual injection in one flank tumor. Concurrently, there was increased infiltration of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)+CD8+ T cells and interferon gamma (IFN-γ)+CD4+ T cells and reduced CTLA-4+PD-1+CD8+ T cells in the contralateral, noninjected tumor. The anti-tumoral activity depended on CD8+ T cells and IFN-γ, but not CD4+ T cells. Based on the negative immune components still existing in the untreated tumors, we investigated additional adjuvants: clodronate liposome-mediated depletion of macrophages plus anti-PD-1 therapy. This regimen dramatically reduced the tumor burden in the noninjected tumor and increased median survival by 87%, suggesting that inhibition/elimination of suppressive components in the tumor microenvironment (TME) can improve therapeutic outcomes. This study emphasizes the importance of immune profiling to design rational, combined immunotherapy regimens ultimately to impact patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Liu
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Enyong Dai
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zuqiang Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Congrong Ma
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zong Sheng Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David L. Bartlett
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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96
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Anderson K, Ryan N, Siddiqui A, Pero T, Volpedo G, Cooperstone JL, Oghumu S. Black Raspberries and Protocatechuic Acid Mitigate DNFB-Induced Contact Hypersensitivity by Down-Regulating Dendritic Cell Activation and Inhibiting Mediators of Effector Responses. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1701. [PMID: 32517233 PMCID: PMC7352349 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is the most common occupational dermatological disease. Dendritic cells (DCs) mediate the sensitization stage of CHS, while T-cells facilitate the effector mechanisms that drive CHS. Black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis, BRB) and BRB phytochemicals possess immunomodulatory properties, but their dietary effects on CHS are unknown. We examined the effects of diets containing BRB and protocatechuic acid (PCA, a constituent of BRB and an anthocyanin metabolite produced largely by gut microbes), on CHS, using a model induced by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenze (DNFB). Mice were fed control diet or diets supplemented with BRB or PCA. In vitro bone-marrow derived DCs and RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with BRB extract and PCA. Mice fed BRB or PCA supplemented diets displayed decreased DNFB-induced ear swelling, marked by decreased splenic DC accumulation. BRB extract diminished DC maturation associated with reduced Cd80 expression and Interleukin (IL)-12 secretion, and PCA reduced IL-12. Dietary supplementation with BRB and PCA induced differential decreases in IL-12-driven CHS mediators, including Interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-17 production by T-cells. BRB extracts and PCA directly attenuated CHS-promoting macrophage activity mediated by nitric oxide and IL-12. Our results demonstrate that BRB and PCA mitigate CHS pathology, providing a rationale for CHS alleviation via dietary supplementation with BRB or BRB derived anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Anderson
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.A.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
| | - Nathan Ryan
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.A.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
- Division of Anatomy, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Arham Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.A.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
| | - Travis Pero
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.A.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
- College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Greta Volpedo
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.A.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jessica L. Cooperstone
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Steve Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.A.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
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Zheng X, Fernando V, Sharma V, Walia Y, Letson J, Furuta S. Correction of arginine metabolism with sepiapterin-the precursor of nitric oxide synthase cofactor BH 4-induces immunostimulatory-shift of breast cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113887. [PMID: 32112882 PMCID: PMC7842273 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a first-line treatment for many tumor types. However, most breast tumors are immuno-suppressive and only modestly respond to immunotherapy. We hypothesized that correcting arginine metabolism might improve the immunogenicity of breast tumors. We tested whether supplementing sepiapterin, the precursor of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)-the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) cofactor-redirects arginine metabolism from the pathway synthesizing polyamines to that of synthesizing nitric oxide (NO) and make breast tumors more immunogenic. We showed that sepiapterin elevated NO but lowered polyamine levels in tumor cells, as well as in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). This not only suppressed tumor cell proliferation, but also induced the conversion of TAMs from the immuno-suppressive M2-type to immuno-stimulatory M1-type. Furthermore, sepiapterin abrogated the expression of a checkpoint ligand, PD-L1, in tumors in a STAT3-dependent manner. This is the first study which reveals that supplementing sepiapterin normalizes arginine metabolism, improves the immunogenicity and inhibits the growth of breast tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunzhen Zheng
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Veani Fernando
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Vandana Sharma
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Yashna Walia
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Joshua Letson
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Saori Furuta
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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Banerjee A, Singh J. Remodeling adipose tissue inflammasome for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment: Current perspective and translational strategies. Bioeng Transl Med 2020; 5:e10150. [PMID: 32440558 PMCID: PMC7237149 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-associated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by low-grade chronic systemic inflammation that arises primarily from the white adipose tissue. The interplay between various adipose tissue-derived chemokines drives insulin resistance in T2DM and has therefore become a subject of rigorous investigation. The adipocytokines strongly associated with glucose homeostasis include tumor necrosis factor-α, various interleukins, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, adiponectin, and leptin, among others. Remodeling the adipose tissue inflammasome in obesity-associated T2DM is likely to treat the underlying cause of the disease and bring significant therapeutic benefit. Various strategies have been adopted or are being investigated to modulate the serum/tissue levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipocytokines to improve glucose homeostasis in T2DM. These include use of small molecule agonists/inhibitors, mimetics, antibodies, gene therapy, and other novel formulations. Here, we discuss adipocytokines that are strongly associated with insulin activity and therapies that are under investigation for modulation of their levels in the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoNorth Dakota
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoNorth Dakota
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MicroRNA binding site polymorphism in inflammatory genes associated with colorectal cancer: literature review and bioinformatics analysis. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 27:739-753. [PMID: 32203060 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-0172-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation, among environmental risk factors, is one of the most important contributors to colorectal cancer (CRC) development. In this way, studies revealed that the incidence of CRC in inflammatory bowel disease patients is up to 60% higher than the general population. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNA molecules, have attracted excessive attention due to their fundamental role in various aspects of cellular biology, such as inflammation by binding to the 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTR) of pro and anti-inflammatory genes. Based on multiple previous studies, SNPs at 3'-UTR can affect miRNA recognition elements by changing the thermodynamic features and secondary structure. This effect can be categorized, based on the number of changes, into four groups, including break, decrease, create, and enhance. In this paper, we will focus on functional variants in miRNA binding sites in inflammatory genes, which can modulate the risk of CRC by both investigating previous studies, regarding miRSNPs in inflammatory genes associated with CRC and recruiting in silico prediction algorithms to report putative miRSNPs in 176 inflammatory genes. In our analysis, we achieved 110 miRSNPs in 3'-UTR of 67 genes that seem good targets for future researches.
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Pietrzak E, Dunislawska A, Siwek M, Zampiga M, Sirri F, Meluzzi A, Tavaniello S, Maiorano G, Slawinska A. Splenic Gene Expression Signatures in Slow-Growing Chickens Stimulated in Ovo with Galactooligosaccharides and Challenged with Heat. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030474. [PMID: 32178295 PMCID: PMC7143207 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) that are delivered in ovo improve intestinal microbiota composition and mitigate the negative effects of heat stress in broiler chickens. Hubbard hybrids are slow-growing chickens with a high resistance to heat. In this paper, we determined the impact of GOS delivered in ovo on slow-growing chickens that are challenged with heat. The experiment was a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. On day 12 of incubation, GOS (3.5 mg/egg) was delivered into the egg (n = 300). Controls (C) were mock-injected with physiological saline (n = 300). After hatching, the GOS and C groups were split into thermal groups: thermoneutral (TN) and heat stress (HS). HS (30 °C) lasted for 14 days (days 36-50 post-hatching). The spleen (n = 8) was sampled after acute (8.5 h) and chronic (14 days) HS. The gene expression of immune-related (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, and IL-17) and stress-related genes (HSP25, HSP90AA1, BAG3, CAT, and SOD) was detected with RT-qPCR. Chronic HS up-regulated the expression of the genes: IL-10, IL-12p40, SOD (p < 0.05), and CAT (p < 0.01). GOS delivered in ovo down-regulated IL-4 (acute p < 0.001; chronic p < 0.01), IL-12p40, CAT and SOD (chronic p < 0.05). The obtained results suggest that slow-growing hybrids are resistant to acute heat and tolerant to chronic heat, which can be supported with in ovo GOS administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Pietrzak
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, UTP University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (E.P.); (A.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Dunislawska
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, UTP University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (E.P.); (A.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Siwek
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, UTP University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (E.P.); (A.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Marco Zampiga
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Via del Florio 2, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (M.Z.); (F.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Federico Sirri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Via del Florio 2, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (M.Z.); (F.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Adele Meluzzi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Via del Florio 2, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (M.Z.); (F.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Siria Tavaniello
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via F. de Sanctis snc, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (S.T.); (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Maiorano
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via F. de Sanctis snc, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (S.T.); (G.M.)
| | - Anna Slawinska
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, UTP University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (E.P.); (A.D.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-052-374-97-50
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