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Nishimura M, Ohkawara T, Sato Y, Satoh H, Takahashi Y, Hajika M, Nishihira J. Improvement of Triglyceride Levels through the Intake of Enriched-β-Conglycinin Soybean (Nanahomare) Revealed in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2016; 8:E491. [PMID: 27529274 PMCID: PMC4997404 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean is recognized as a beneficial food with various functional components, such as β-conglycinin, which improves lipid metabolism. We evaluated the effects of the β-conglycinin-rich soybean Nanahomare on triglyceride (TG) levels. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we divided 134 adult subjects into test and placebo groups that consumed processed food containing enriched-β-conglycinin soybean or low-β-conglycinin soybean. Hematological tests and body composition measurements were performed at weeks 0 (baseline), 4, 8, and 12 of the study period. TG levels significantly decreased in the test group compared with the placebo group at weeks 4 (change from baseline to week 4, placebo: 0.27 ± 44.13 mg/dL, test: -20.31 ± 43.74 mg/dL, p = 0.035) and 12 (change from baseline to week 12, placebo: -0.14 ± 65.83 mg/dL, test: -21.30 ± 46.21 mg/dL, p = 0.041). In addition, among subjects whose baseline TG levels were ≥100 mg/dL, the levels significantly improved in the test group at weeks 4 (p = 0.010) and 12 (p = 0.030), whereas the levels were not different between the test and placebo groups among those whose baseline levels were <100 mg/dL. These results suggest that the ingestion of enriched-β-conglycinin soybean improves serum TG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Nishimura
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8585, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Ohkawara
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8585, Japan.
| | - Yuji Sato
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8585, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Satoh
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8585, Japan.
| | - Yoko Takahashi
- Division of Food Function Research, Food Research Institute, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan.
| | - Makita Hajika
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan.
| | - Jun Nishihira
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8585, Japan.
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Hashidume T, Kato A, Tanaka T, Miyoshi S, Itoh N, Nakata R, Inoue H, Oikawa A, Nakai Y, Shimizu M, Inoue J, Sato R. Single ingestion of soy β-conglycinin induces increased postprandial circulating FGF21 levels exerting beneficial health effects. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28183. [PMID: 27312476 PMCID: PMC4911586 DOI: 10.1038/srep28183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Soy protein β-conglycinin has serum lipid-lowering and anti-obesity effects. We showed that single ingestion of β-conglycinin after fasting alters gene expression in mouse liver. A sharp increase in fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) gene expression, which is depressed by normal feeding, resulted in increased postprandial circulating FGF21 levels along with a significant decrease in adipose tissue weights. Most increases in gene expressions, including FGF21, were targets for the activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), but not for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. Overexpression of a dominant-negative form of ATF4 significantly reduced β-conglycinin-induced increases in hepatic FGF21 gene expression. In FGF21-deficient mice, β-conglycinin effects were partially abolished. Methionine supplementation to the diet or primary hepatocyte culture medium demonstrated its importance for activating liver or hepatocyte ATF4-FGF21 signaling. Thus, dietary β-conglycinin intake can impact hepatic and systemic metabolism by increasing the postprandial circulating FGF21 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Hashidume
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Asuka Kato
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shoko Miyoshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Itoh
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Rieko Nakata
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya-Nishi-Machi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Inoue
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya-Nishi-Machi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
| | - Akira Oikawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka-shi, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakai
- Institute for Food Science, Hirosaki University, Aomori 038-0012, Japan
| | - Makoto Shimizu
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Jun Inoue
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Sato
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Comparison of endpoints relevant to toxicity assessments in 3 generations of CD-1 mice fed irradiated natural and purified ingredient diets with varying soy protein and isoflavone contents. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 94:39-56. [PMID: 27234134 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Diet is an important variable in toxicology. There are mixed reports on the impact of soy components on energy utilization, fat deposition, and reproductive parameters. Three generations of CD-1 mice were fed irradiated natural ingredient diets with varying levels of soy (NIH-41, 5K96, or 5008/5001), purified irradiated AIN-93 diet, or the AIN-93 formulation modified with ethanol-washed soy protein concentrate (SPC) or SPC with isoflavones (SPC-IF). NIH-41 was the control for pairwise comparisons. Minimal differences were observed among natural ingredient diet groups. F0 males fed AIN-93, SPC, and SPC-IF diets had elevated glucose levels and lower insulin levels compared with the NIH-41 group. In both sexes of the F1 and F2 generations, the SPC and SPC-IF groups had lower body weight gains than the NIH-41 controls and the AIN-93 group had an increased percent body fat at postnatal day 21. AIN-93 F1 pups had higher baseline glucose than NIH-41 controls, but diet did not significantly affect breeding performance or responses to glucose or uterotrophic challenges. Reduced testes weight and sperm in the AIN-93 group may be related to low thiamine levels. Our observations underline the importance of careful selection, manufacturing procedures, and nutritional characterization of diets used in toxicological studies.
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Hosomi R, Otsuka R, Arai H, Kanda S, Nishiyama T, Yoshida M, Fukunaga K. Porcine hemoglobin promotes lipid excretion to feces more strongly than globin protein in rats. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:107-112. [PMID: 30263494 PMCID: PMC6049412 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0106-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In an effort to clarify whether the lipid-lowering effect of hemoglobin is due to globin protein or heme, this study investigated the effects of dietary porcine hemoglobin (PH) and porcine globin (PG) on lipids contents of serum, liver, and feces in rats. Five-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into 3 dietary groups of 7 rats each, with one group receiving a control diet and the other groups receiving diets containing 1.25% (w/w) PH or 1.18% (w/w) PG for 4 weeks. The PH diet decreased triacylglycerol content in serum and cholesterol in serum and liver, whereas the PG diet reduced triacylglycerol content in serum and cholesterol in liver. Fecal lipid excretion in the PH group was significantly higher than in the PG group. Therefore, PH affected lipid excretion to feces due to globin protein as well as heme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hosomi
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Osaka, 564-8680 Japan
| | - Ren Otsuka
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Osaka, 564-8680 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Arai
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology, Kitami, Hokkaido, 090-8507 Japan
| | - Seiji Kanda
- Department of Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, 573-1010 Japan
| | - Toshimasa Nishiyama
- Department of Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, 573-1010 Japan
| | - Munehiro Yoshida
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Osaka, 564-8680 Japan
| | - Kenji Fukunaga
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Osaka, 564-8680 Japan
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Preventive obesity agent montmorillonite adsorbs dietary lipids and enhances lipid excretion from the digestive tract. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19659. [PMID: 26891902 PMCID: PMC4759552 DOI: 10.1038/srep19659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Western diets are typically high in fat and are associated with long-term complications such as obesity and hepatic steatosis. Because of the enjoyable taste of high-fat diets (HFDs), we are interested in determining how to decrease lipid absorption and enhance lipid excretion from the digestive tract after the consumption of eating fatty foods. Montmorillonite was initially characterized as a gastrointestinal mucosal barrier protective agent for the treatment of diarrhoea. Dietary lipid adsorbent- montmorillonite (DLA-M) was isolated and purified from Xinjiang montmorillonite clay via the water extraction method. Here, we show that DLA-M has an unexpected role in preventing obesity, hyperlipidaemia and hepatic steatosis in HFD-fed rats. Interestingly, combined application of polarized light microscopy and lipid staining analyses, showed that DLA-M crystals have dietary lipid-adsorbing ability in vitro and in vivo, which enhances lipid excretion via bowel movements. In summary, our results indicate that DLA-M prevent HFD-induced obesity. This novel dietary lipid-adsorbing agent can help prevent obesity and its comorbidities.
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56
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Balaji M, Ganjayi MS, Hanuma Kumar GEN, Parim BN, Mopuri R, Dasari S. A review on possible therapeutic targets to contain obesity: The role of phytochemicals. Obes Res Clin Pract 2015; 10:363-80. [PMID: 26740473 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence and severity of obesity has increased markedly in recent decades making it a global public health concern. Since obesity is a potential risk factor in the development of hypertension, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, infertility, etc., it is no more viewed as a cosmetic issue. Currently, only a few FDA-approved anti-obesity drugs like Orlistat, Lorcaserin and Phentermine-topiramate are available in the market, but they have considerable side effects. On the other hand, bariatric surgery as an alternative is associated with high risk and expensive. In view of these there is a growing trend towards natural product-based drug intervention as one of the crucial strategies for management of obesity and related ailments. In Asian traditional medicine and Ayurvedic literature a good number of plant species have been used and quoted for possible lipid-lowering and anti-obesity effects; however, many of them have not been evaluated rigorously for a definite recommendation and also lack adequate scientific validation. This review explores and updates on various plant species, their used parts, bioactive components and focuses multiple targets/pathways to contain obesity which may pave the way to develop novel and effective drugs. We also summarised different drugs in use to treat obesity and their current status. Nature is future promise of our wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriga Balaji
- Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Muni Swamy Ganjayi
- Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Gali E N Hanuma Kumar
- Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Brahma Naidu Parim
- Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ramgopal Mopuri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sreenivasulu Dasari
- Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
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57
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Tahavorgar A, Vafa M, Shidfar F, Gohari M, Heydari I. Beneficial effects of whey protein preloads on some cardiovascular diseases risk factors of overweight and obese men are stronger than soy protein preloads – A randomized clinical trial. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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58
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Cai M, Zou Z. Effect of aerobic exercise on blood lipid and glucose in obese or overweight adults: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Obes Res Clin Pract 2015; 10:589-602. [PMID: 26777793 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim was to assess the effect of aerobic exercise (AE) on blood lipid and glucose in obese or overweight adults. METHODS Literature search was performed on PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library, up to June 2015. The pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to assess the effect of AE on blood glucose and lipid indexes (triglyceride [TG], total cholesterol [TC], high density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], TC/HDL-C, fasting blood-glucose [FBG]). Subgroup analyses were performed by duration of intervention (≤2 months, 3 months and 6 months), gender (female and mixed population) and intervention protocols (AE vs. no intervention and AE+diet vs. diet only). RESULTS A total of 9 randomised controlled trials with 619 obese or overweight adults were included. Overall analysis showed AE could significantly enhance the decrease of TG level in obese or overweight adults, but not affect the other lipid and glucose indexes. Subgroup analyses showed that AE significantly changed the HDL-C level in female population and when intervention protocol of AE+diet vs. diet only was used. Meanwhile, the FBG level was also significantly changed by AE in mixed population. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that AE could significantly improve TG, but not TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TC/HDL-C, and FBG in obese or overweight adults. Meanwhile, gender and intervention protocols may be factors affecting the effect of AE on blood lipid and glucose in obese or overweight adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cai
- Department of Physical Education, ShangHai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Zhichun Zou
- Department of Physical Education, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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59
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Effects of canola proteins and hydrolysates on adipogenic differentiation of C3H10T/2 mesenchymal stem cells. Food Chem 2015; 185:226-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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60
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Zhang Y, Niu F, Sun J, Xu F, Yue R. Purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) color alleviates high-fat-diet-induced obesity in SD rat by mediating leptin’s effect and attenuating oxidative stress. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0196-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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61
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Examination of the Causes of Instability of Soy Protein Isolate During Storage Through Probing of the Heat-Induced Aggregation. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-015-2684-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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62
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Inoue N, Fujiwara Y, Kato M, Funayama A, Ogawa N, Tachibana N, Kohno M, Ikeda I. Soybean β-conglycinin improves carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in Wistar rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:1528-34. [PMID: 25913002 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1034650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of dietary soybean β-conglycinin on lipid metabolism and energy consumption were studied in Wistar adult rats. Rats were fed, a diet containing casein (control group) or β-conglycinin (β-conglycinin group), for 4 weeks. Carbohydrate consumption was higher and fat consumption was lower in the β-conglycinin group than in the control group, whereas the total energy consumption was the same between the two groups. Serum adiponectin was higher in the β-conglycinin group than in the control group. Serum triacylglycerol levels in the β-conglycinin group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The secretion rate of triacylglycerols from the liver after the administration of tyloxapol, an inhibitor of lipolysis, was significantly lower in the β-conglycinin group than in the control group. These results suggest the possibility that β-conglycinin exerts hypolipidemic effects through an acceleration in carbohydrate consumption associated with an increase in adiponectin in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Inoue
- a Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science , Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
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63
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Wanezaki S, Tachibana N, Nagata M, Saito S, Nagao K, Yanagita T, Kohno M. Soy β-conglycinin improves obesity-induced metabolic abnormalities in a rat model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Obes Res Clin Pract 2015; 9:168-74. [PMID: 25890430 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a variety of causes including calorie over-intake, an unbalanced diet, and/or genetic dysfunction of lipid metabolism. We hypothesized that NAFLD symptoms could be mitigated by specific nutritional factors. Here, we show that the potential for soy β-conglycinin (βCG) to improve obesity-induced metabolic abnormalities in the Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rat model of NAFLD. Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (i.e., wild-type) and OLETF rats were provided a normal diet containing 20% casein for 4 weeks as a control. In a third (βCG) group, OLETF rats were fed a diet in which half of the casein was replaced by βCG. There was no difference in food intake between groups. Rats in the βCG group had decreased liver weight and lipid content (triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids) compared to controls. In addition, βCG consumption decreased fatty acid synthase gene expression and enzymatic activity. These findings indicate that dietary intake of βCG can improve obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction, possibly via suppression of de novo fatty acid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Wanezaki
- Basic Research Institute, R&D, Fuji Oil Co., Ltd., 4-3 Kinunodai, Tsukubamirai-shi, Ibaraki 300-2497, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiko Tachibana
- Basic Research Institute, R&D, Fuji Oil Co., Ltd., 1 Sumiyoshi-cho, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8540, Japan
| | - Mayuko Nagata
- Basic Research Institute, R&D, Fuji Oil Co., Ltd., 1 Sumiyoshi-cho, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8540, Japan
| | - Shintaro Saito
- Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Koji Nagao
- Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Teruyoshi Yanagita
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Welfare Sciences, Nishikyushu University, 4490-9 Ozaki, Kanzaki, Saga 842-8585, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Kohno
- Basic Research Institute, R&D, Fuji Oil Co., Ltd., 4-3 Kinunodai, Tsukubamirai-shi, Ibaraki 300-2497, Japan
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64
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Zhu JJ, Luo J, Sun YT, Shi HB, Li J, Wu M, Yu K, Haile AB, Loor JJ. Short communication: Effect of inhibition of fatty acid synthase on triglyceride accumulation and effect on lipid metabolism genes in goat mammary epithelial cells. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:3485-91. [PMID: 25726120 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The role of fatty acid synthase (FASN) on de novo fatty acid synthesis has been well established. In monogastrics, unlike acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, FASN is primarily controlled at the transcriptional level. However, no data exist on ruminant mammary cells evaluating effects of FASN knockdown on mRNA expression of lipogenic genes. Inhibition of FASN in mammary cells by C75-mediated interference, a synthetic inhibitor of FASN activity, and short hairpin RNA-mediated interference markedly reduced cellular triglyceride content at least in part by decreasing the expression of genes related to triglyceride synthesis (GPAT, AGPAT6, and DGAT2) and enhancing the expression of lipolysis-related genes (ATGL and HSL). Consistent with the markedly lower expression of genes related to lipid droplet formation and secretion (TIP47, ADFP, BTN1A1, and XDH), cellular lipid droplets also were reduced sharply after incubation with C75 or adenovirus-short-hairpin-RNA. The results underscored the essential role of FASN in the overall process of milk-fat formation in goat mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Zhu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China 712100
| | - J Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China 712100.
| | - Y T Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China 712100
| | - H B Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China 712100
| | - J Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China 712100
| | - M Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China 712100
| | - K Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China 712100
| | - A B Haile
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China 712100
| | - J J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
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65
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Ferreira ES, Amaral ALS, Demonte A, Zanelli CF, Capraro J, Duranti M, Neves VA. Hypocholesterolaemic effect of rat-administered oral doses of the isolated 7S globulins from cowpeas and adzuki beans. J Nutr Sci 2015; 4:e7. [PMID: 26090103 PMCID: PMC4463012 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2014.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of seed proteins, especially soyabean 7S globulins, in controlling dyslipidaemia is widely acknowledged. Amino acid sequence homology among the proteins of this family could reflect similar biological functions in other species. The aim of the present study was to unveil a hypolipidaemic effect of the 7S globulins from cowpeas (7S-C) and adzuki beans (7S-A), administered orally to rats fed a hypercholesterolaemic (HC; high cholesterol and TAG) diet for 28 d. A total of forty-five rats were divided into five groups (nine rats per group): (1) standard (STD) diet; (2) HC diet; (3) HC diet + 7S-C (300 mg/kg per d); (4) HC diet + 7S-A (300 mg/kg per d); and (5) HC diet + simvastatin (SVT; 50 mg/kg per d), as a control. Significant decreases in food intake and final body weight of rats receiving HC + 7S-C and HC + 7S-A diets compared with groups fed the HC and STD diets were observed. Significant decreases in serum total and non-HDL-cholesterol of 7S-C, 7S-A and SVT groups were also observed. HDL-cholesterol levels increased in the 7S-C, 7S-A and SVT groups, while hepatic cholesterol and TAG concentrations were significantly lower than in the HC diet group for the 7S-C-supplemented group only. Faecal excretions of fat and cholesterol in HC diet groups were considerably higher in animals consuming the 7S globulins. The results show that cowpea and adzuki bean 7S globulins promote cholesterol-decreasing effects in hypercholesterolaemic rats even at low dosages, as already observed for other legume seed storage proteins of this family. This main effect is discussed in relation to the possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ederlan S. Ferreira
- Department of Bromatological Analysis,
School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia,
Barão de Jeremoabo Road, 147, 40170-115,
Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia S. Amaral
- Department of Food and Nutrition,
São Paulo State University, Rodovia Araraquara –
Jaú, km 1, 14801-902,
Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Aureluce Demonte
- Department of Food and Nutrition,
São Paulo State University, Rodovia Araraquara –
Jaú, km 1, 14801-902,
Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Cleslei F. Zanelli
- Department of Biological Sciences,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University,
Rodovia Araraquara – Jaú, km 1,
14801-902, Araraquara,
SP, Brazil
| | - Jessica Capraro
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional
Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di
Milano, Via G. Celoria, 2,
20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Duranti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional
Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di
Milano, Via G. Celoria, 2,
20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valdir A. Neves
- Department of Food and Nutrition,
São Paulo State University, Rodovia Araraquara –
Jaú, km 1, 14801-902,
Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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66
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Beavers KM, Gordon MM, Easter L, Beavers DP, Hairston KG, Nicklas BJ, Vitolins MZ. Effect of protein source during weight loss on body composition, cardiometabolic risk and physical performance in abdominally obese, older adults: a pilot feeding study. J Nutr Health Aging 2015; 19:87-95. [PMID: 25560821 PMCID: PMC4818969 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0438-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this pilot study was to begin to examine the effect of dietary protein source (soy protein versus non-soy protein) during weight loss on body composition, and cardiometabolic and functional decline risk factors in older, abdominally obese adults. DESIGN Two-arm, single-blind, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC 27157, USA. PARTICIPANTS 25 older (68.4±5.5 years, 88% female), abdominally obese (BMI: 35.1±4.3 kg/m2; WC: 101.4±13.1 cm) men and women were randomized to participate in the study. INTERVENTION A 12-week weight loss intervention, with participants randomized to consume soy protein-based meal replacements (S; n=12) or non-soy protein-based meal replacements (NS; n=12), in addition to prepared meals, and all participants targeted to receive an individualized caloric deficit of 500 kcal/day. MEASUREMENTS Body weight and composition (assessed via DXA and CT), conventional biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk, and physical performance measures were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Additional endpoints of feasibility (accrual, participation, retention, compliance, and safety) are reported. RESULTS A total of 24 participants (87% female) completed the study (96% retention) and lost an average of 7.8±3.0 kg over the 12-week period, with no difference seen between groups (p=0.83). Although nearly all measures of global and regional body composition were significantly reduced following the 12-week intervention, differences were not observed between groups. Among cardiometabolic risk factors and physical performance measures, only diastolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the NS group compared to the S group (66.7±2.7 mmHg vs 73.5±2.7 mmHg, respectively; p=0.04). Interestingly, in groups combined, despite significant reductions in body weight and lean mass, no significant changes in 400-meter walk time (+5.3±43.4 s), short physical performance battery score (+0.1±1.0), grip strength (-0.3±3.2 kg), or relative knee extensor strength (-0.0±0.0 N/m/cm3 thigh muscle volume) were observed. CONCLUSIONS Data presented here suggest that a 12-week weight loss intervention, which incorporates S and NS meal replacement products, is associated with clinically significant weight loss and improvements in several parameters of cardiometabolic risk and unchanged physical function and strength. RESULTS do not differ by protein source and suggest that soy protein is at least as good as other protein sources for weight loss during low-calorie dietary interventions in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Beavers
- Kristen M. Beavers, PhD, MPH, RD, Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA,p 1.336.713.3741, f 1.336.713.8826,
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67
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Kobayashi M, Egusa S, Fukuda M. Isoflavone and protein constituents of lactic acid-fermented soy milk combine to prevent dyslipidemia in rats fed a high cholesterol diet. Nutrients 2014; 6:5704-23. [PMID: 25514389 PMCID: PMC4276993 DOI: 10.3390/nu6125704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A high cholesterol diet induces dyslipidemia. This study investigated whether isoflavone aglycones in lactic acid-fermented soy milk (LFS) improve lipid metabolism in rats fed a high cholesterol diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged seven weeks were fed an AIN-93G diet, a 1% cholesterol diet (a high cholesterol diet), a high-cholesterol diet containing 4% isoflavone extract of LFS (LFS extract diet), a high-cholesterol diet containing 19.4% ethanol-washed LFS (ethanol-washed LFS diet, isoflavone-poor diet), or a high cholesterol diet containing 23.2% intact LFS (intact LFS diet) for five weeks. The plasma total cholesterol (TC) level was increased in the rats fed the LFS extract diet compared with those fed the high cholesterol diet. The TC level was decreased by the intact LFS and ethanol-washed LFS diets. The cholesterol-lowering effect was stronger in the rats fed the intact LFS diet than those fed the ethanol-washed LFS diet. The plasma triglyceride (TG) level was unchanged in the rats fed the LFS extract diet, but it decreased in rats fed the intact LFS and ethanol-washed LFS diets. Although, compared with the high cholesterol diet, the LFS extract and ethanol-washed LFS diets did not reduce hepatic cholesterol and TG, both levels were remarkably lowered by the intact LFS diet. These results suggest that the improvement in lipid metabolism of rats fed a high-cholesterol diet containing LFS isoflavone aglycones is not due to an independent effect but due to a cooperative effect with soy protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Kobayashi
- Department of Nutritional Management, School of Health Sciences, Hyogo University, 2301 Hiraoka-cho shinzaike, Kakogawa, Hyogo 675-0195, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Egusa
- Research and Development Division, MARUSAN-AI Co., Ltd., 1 Aza-Arashita, Nikki-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-2193, Japan.
| | - Mitsuru Fukuda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan.
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68
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Toro-Funes N, Bosch-Fusté J, Veciana-Nogués M, Vidal-Carou M. Changes of isoflavones and protein quality in soymilk pasteurised by ultra-high-pressure homogenisation throughout storage. Food Chem 2014; 162:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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69
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Chen Q, Wood C, Gagnon C, Cober ER, Frégeau-Reid JA, Gleddie S, Xiao CW. The α' subunit of β-conglycinin and the A1-5 subunits of glycinin are not essential for many hypolipidemic actions of dietary soy proteins in rats. Eur J Nutr 2014; 53:1195-207. [PMID: 24276222 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0620-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the effects of dietary soy protein (SP) lacking different storage protein subunits and isoflavones (ISF) on the abdominal fat, blood lipids, thyroid hormones, and enzymatic activities in rats. METHODS Weanling Sprague-Dawley rats (8 males and 8 females/group) were fed diets containing either 20 % casein without or with supplemental isoflavones or alcohol-washed SP isolate or SP concentrates (SPC) prepared from 6 different soy bean lines for 8 weeks. RESULTS Feeding of diets containing SPC regardless of their subunit compositions significantly lowered relative liver weights, blood total, free, and LDL cholesterol in both genders (P < 0.05) and also reduced serum free fatty acids (FFA) and abdominal fat in females (P < 0.05) compared to the casein or casein + ISF diets. Dietary SPC significantly elevated the plasma free triiodothyronine (T3) in both genders and total T3 in females compared to the casein diet (P < 0.05). The SPC lacking β-conglycinin α' and either the glycinin A1-3 or A1-5 subunits increased total T3 in males and reduced plasma enzymatic activities of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase compared to casein or casein + ISF diet (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Soy isoflavones were mainly responsible for the hypocholesterolemic effects and increased plasma free T3, whereas reduction in FFA, abdominal fat, liver weight and increased plasma total T3 were the effects of the soy proteins. Neither the α' subunit of β-conglycinin nor the A1-5 subunits of glycinin are essential for the hypolipidemic properties of soy proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixuan Chen
- Nutrition Research Division, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Banting Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
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70
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Yuliana ND, Korthout H, Wijaya CH, Kim HK, Verpoorte R. Plant-derived food ingredients for stimulation of energy expenditure. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 54:373-88. [PMID: 24188308 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.586739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of obesity is related to the regulation of energy intake, energy expenditure, and energy storage in the body. Increasing energy expenditure by inducing lipolysis followed by fat oxidation is one of the alternatives which could help to reverse this increasingly widespread condition. Currently, there is no approved drug targeting on stimulation of energy expenditure available. The use of herbal medicines has become a preferred alternative, supported by the classical consensus on the innocuity of herbal medicine vs synthetic drugs, something that often lacks a scientific basis (ban on Ephedra, for example). The inclusion of functional food in the daily diet has also been promoted although its efficacy requires further investigation. This review summarizes the results of recent work focused on the investigation of edible plant materials targeted at various important pathways related to stimulation of energy expenditure. The aim is to evaluate a number of plants that may be of interest for further studies because of their potential to provide novel lead compounds or functional foods which may be used to combat obesity, but require further studies to evaluate their antiobesity activity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Dewi Yuliana
- a Department of Pharmacognosy, Section of Metabolomics , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC , Leiden , The Netherlands
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71
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Mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of soy protein in improving the metabolic abnormalities in the liver and skeletal muscle of dyslipemic insulin resistant rats. Eur J Nutr 2014; 54:407-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0721-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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72
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Aoki H, Kimura K, Igarashi K, Takenaka A. Soy Protein Suppresses Gene Expression of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Alpha from Promoter PI in Rat Liver. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 70:843-9. [PMID: 16636450 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dietary soy protein isolate (SPI) reduces hepatic lipogenesis by suppressing gene expression of lipogenic enzymes, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). In order to elucidate the mechanism of this regulation, the effect of dietary SPI on promoter (PI and PII) specific gene expression of ACC alpha was investigated. Rats were fed experimental diets containing SPI or casein as a nitrogen source. SPI feeding decreased the hepatic contents of total ACC mRNA as well as triglyceride (TG) content, but dietary SPI affected the amount of sterol-regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1 mRNA and protein very little. The amount of ACC mRNA transcribed from PII promoter containing SRE was not significantly affected by dietary protein, while a significant decrease in PI-generated ACC mRNA content was observed in rats fed the SPI diet. These data suggest that SPI feeding decreased the hepatic contents of ACC alpha mRNA mainly by regulating PI promoter via a nuclear factor(s) other than SREBP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisa Aoki
- Course of the Science of Bioresources, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
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73
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Subunit Structure and Functional Properties of the Predominant Globulin of Perilla (Perilla frutescensvar.frutescens) Seeds. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 74:2475-9. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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74
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Effects of Lactobacillus Fermented Soymilk and Soy Yogurt on Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Rats Fed a Cholesterol-Free Diet. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 73:1484-8. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.80753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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75
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Fukui K, Kojima M, Tachibana N, Kohno M, Takamatsu K, Hirotsuka M, Kito M. Effects of Soybean β-Conglycinin on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Fecal Lipid Excretion in Normal Adult Rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 68:1153-5. [PMID: 15170126 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.68.1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
beta-Conglycinin decreased blood triacylglycerol (TAG) levels in male Wistar adult rats. Liver mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity in the beta-conglycinin-fed group significantly increased as against the casein-fed group. Hepatic fatty acid synthase activity in the beta-conglycinin group significantly decreased as against that of the casein-fed group. Fecal fatty acid excretion in the beta-conglycinin group was significantly higher than in the casein group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Fukui
- Food Science Research Institute, Fuji Oil Co, Ltd, Osaka, Japan.
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76
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β-Conglycinin Lowers Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein-Triglyceride Levels by Increasing Adiponectin and Insulin Sensitivity in Rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 74:1250-5. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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77
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Hypolipidemic effect of dietary water-soluble protein extract from chicken: impact on genes regulating hepatic lipid and bile acid metabolism. Eur J Nutr 2014; 54:193-204. [PMID: 24756472 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0700-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amount and type of dietary protein have been shown to influence blood lipids. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a water-soluble fraction of chicken protein (CP) on plasma and hepatic lipid metabolism in normolipidemic rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were fed either a control diet with 20 % w/w casein as the protein source, or an experimental diet where casein was replaced with CP at 6, 14, or 20 % w/w for 4 weeks. RESULTS Rats fed CP had markedly reduced levels of triacylglycerols (TAG) and cholesterol in both plasma and liver, accompanied by stimulated hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 activity in the 20 % CP group compared to the control group. In addition, reduced activities and gene expression of hepatic enzymes involved in lipogenesis were observed. The gene expression of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 was reduced in the 20 % CP-fed rats, whereas gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha was increased. Moreover, 6, 14, and 20 % CP-fed rats had significantly increased free carnitine and acylcarnitine plasma levels compared to control rats. The plasma methionine/glycine and lysine/arginine ratios were reduced in 20 % CP-treated rats. The mRNA level of ATP-binding cassette 4 was increased in the 20 % CP group, accompanied by the increased level of plasma bile acids. CONCLUSIONS The present data suggest that the hypotriglyceridemic property of a water-soluble fraction of CP is primarily due to effects on TAG synthesis and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. The cholesterol-lowering effect by CP may be linked to increased bile acid formation.
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78
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Yang HY, Wu LY, Yeh WJ, Chen JR. Beneficial effects of β-conglycinin on renal function and nephrin expression in early streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy rats. Br J Nutr 2014; 111:78-85. [PMID: 23803175 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513001876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of β-conglycinin and soya isoflavones on diabetic nephropathy (DN). DN was induced by an intravenous injection of streptozotocin (25 mg/kg) in spontaneously hypertensive rats. DN rats were divided into a non-diabetic group (C, control group) and three DN groups (D, DN with control diet; B, DN+control diet with one-eighth of casein replaced by β-conglycinin as the protein source; and I, DN+control diet with 0·01 % soya isoflavones). After a 4-week experimental period, we found that fasting blood sugar and plasma and kidney advanced glycation end product levels and 24 h urinary protein excretion of the B group were significantly lower than those of the D group and insulin sensitivity and nephrin expression of the B group were significantly higher than those of the D group. In addition, systolic blood pressure, angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, angiotensin II level and plasma TAG level of the B group were significantly lower than those of the D group, whereas only the levels of plasma TAG and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances of the I group were lower than those of the D group. In conclusion, β-conglycinin may be beneficial for retarding DN progression and this effect cannot be completely explained by its isoflavone content.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/blood
- Animals
- Antigens, Plant/pharmacology
- Antigens, Plant/therapeutic use
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/diet therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diet therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/diet therapy
- Diabetic Nephropathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Nephropathies/physiopathology
- Dietary Proteins/pharmacology
- Dietary Proteins/therapeutic use
- Globulins/pharmacology
- Globulins/therapeutic use
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/metabolism
- Insulin Resistance
- Isoflavones/pharmacology
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/physiopathology
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Preparations/pharmacology
- Plant Preparations/therapeutic use
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Seed Storage Proteins/pharmacology
- Seed Storage Proteins/therapeutic use
- Soybean Proteins/pharmacology
- Soybean Proteins/therapeutic use
- Glycine max/chemistry
- Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances
- Triglycerides/blood
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Yang
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lin-Yi Wu
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wan-Ju Yeh
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiun-Rong Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC
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Hosomi R, Fukunaga K, Nishiyama T, Yoshida M. Effects of porcine hemoglobin on serum lipid content and fecal lipid excretion in rats. J Med Food 2013; 17:302-9. [PMID: 24320987 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of dietary hemoglobin on serum and liver lipid contents in rats, and the ability of hemoglobin hydrolysates to disrupt lipid absorption. After rats had been fed on casein- or porcine hemoglobin-containing diets for 4 weeks, their serum and liver lipid contents and fecal cholesterol, bile acid, and nitrogen excretion were measured. To elucidate the mechanism of lipid absorption by dietary hemoglobin, we also examined lipase activity, micellar solubility of cholesterol, and bile acid binding activity in the presence of hemoglobin hydrolysates. Dietary hemoglobin decreased serum and liver triglyceride and cholesterol contents and increased fecal fatty acid, cholesterol, and bile acid excretion. In addition, hemoglobin hydrolysates inhibited lipase activity compared with casein hydrolysates in an in vitro study. These results suggested that the hypolipidemic effect of hemoglobin is mediated by increased fecal lipid excretion, and that decreased lipase activity by hemoglobin is at least partially responsible for this result. The observed effects were documented with an 8 g/kg hemoglobin diet, which is lower than in other studies; therefore. hemoglobin may be useful in the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hosomi
- 1 Division of Human Living Sciences, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Tottori College , Kurayoshi, Tottori, Japan
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80
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Ma D, Taku K, Zhang Y, Jia M, Wang Y, Wang P. Serum lipid-improving effect of soyabean β-conglycinin in hyperlipidaemic menopausal women. Br J Nutr 2013; 110:1680-4. [PMID: 23561330 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513000986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of treatment with β-conglycinin, a major soyabean protein, on blood lipids in menopausal women, we recruited 100 hyperlipidaemic women aged 40-60 years old. Participants were randomly allocated to three groups: placebo group (n 34, four casein tablets/d); low dose group (n 33, four tablets containing 2·3 g β-conglycinin/d); high-dose group (n 33, eight tablets containing 4·6 g β-conglycinin/d). The mean serum TAG concentration was significantly reduced after 6 and 12 weeks of β-conglycinin intervention by 0·44 (sd 0·20) and 0·78 (sd 1·03) mmol/l in the low-dose group, and by 0·46 (sd 0·17) and 1·25 (sd 1·06) mmol/l in the high-dose group, respectively. One-way ANOVA revealed that serum TAG concentrations in the low-dose and high-dose groups were significantly lowered compared with the placebo group at weeks 6 and 12 (P< 0·05). The low dose and high dose consumptions of β-conglycinin significantly decreased the LDL-cholesterol concentration by 0·46 (sd 0·72) and 0·52 (sd 0·97) mmol/l at week 12, respectively (P< 0·05). Compared with the changes from baseline in the placebo group, apoB and NEFA were significantly lowered in both the low-dose and high-dose β-conglycinin groups (P< 0·05). In conclusion, the results suggest that β-conglycinin intake significantly decreases serum TAG and LDL-cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defu Ma
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
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Lee SI, Lee YK, Kim SD, Lee JE, Choi J, Bak JP, Lim JH, Suh JW, Lee IA. Effect of fermented soybean curd residue (FSCR; SCR-meju) byaspergillus oryzaeon the anti-obesity and lipids improvement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4163/jnh.2013.46.6.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Il Lee
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Culinary Arts, Keimyung College, Daegu 704-703, Korea
| | - Ye-Kyung Lee
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Korea
| | - Soon-Dong Kim
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Korea
| | - Ji-Ean Lee
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Korea
| | - Jongkeun Choi
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chungwoon University, Hongseong 350-701, Korea
| | - Jong-Phil Bak
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Lim
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Korea
| | - Joo-Won Suh
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Korea
| | - In-Ae Lee
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Korea
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KANG NAMHEE, LEE WONKYUNG, YI BORIM, LEE HYERIM, PARK MINAH, PARK SANGKI, PARK HYOUNGKOOK, CHOI KYUNGCHUL. Risk of cardiovascular disease is suppressed by dietary supplementation with protamine and chitooligosaccharide in Sprague-Dawley rats. Mol Med Rep 2012; 7:127-33. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Effect of genistein on cholesterol metabolism-related genes in a colon cancer cell line. GENES AND NUTRITION 2012; 3:35-40. [PMID: 18850198 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-008-0082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The major soy-derived isoflavones such as genistein has been demonstrated to possess anticarcinogenic activity in animal model systems. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of isoflavone genistein exposure at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 50 muM on the LDL receptor and HMG-CoA reductase gene expression in the estrogen receptor positive DLD-1 human colon cancer cell line. LDL receptor and HMG-CoA reductase gene expressions were evaluated by reverse transcription followed by real-time PCR. Genistein induced an increase of LDL receptor gene expression and later decrease of HMG-CoA reductase mRNA expression in DLD-1 cells. These findings provide direct evidence on the role of genistein in regulating LDL receptor and HMG-CoA reductase gene expression in colon cancer.
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84
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Kobayashi M, Hirahata R, Egusa S, Fukuda M. Hypocholesterolemic effects of lactic acid-fermented soymilk on rats fed a high cholesterol diet. Nutrients 2012; 4:1304-16. [PMID: 23112918 PMCID: PMC3475240 DOI: 10.3390/nu4091304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of fermented soymilk on rats fed a high cholesterol diet was investigated to clarify the cholesterol-lowering function. Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 7 weeks were fed a control diet (1% cholesterol, high cholesterol diet), high cholesterol diet containing 11.7% fermented soymilk diet (5% soy protein as final concentration, F-5), or high cholesterol diet containing 23.4% fermented soymilk diet (10% soy protein as final concentration, F-10) for 5 weeks. The liver weight and fat mass were decreased by the ingestion of fermented soymilk. The hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the F-5 and F-10 groups were significantly lowered compared to those in the control group. The plasma total cholesterol level of the F-10 group was significantly decreased. The expression of SREBP-2, a cholesterol synthesis-related gene, was significantly decreased in liver of the F-5 group, but the expression of CYP7a1, a cholesterol catabolism-related gene, was significantly increased. These results suggest that fermented soymilk can modulate the cholesterol metabolism in rats fed a high cholesterol diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Kobayashi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan;
| | - Rie Hirahata
- Food Science and Nutrition Major, Graduate School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan;
| | - Shintaro Egusa
- Research Institute, Marusan-Ai Co., Ltd., 1 Aza-Arashita, Nikki-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-2193, Japan;
| | - Mitsuru Fukuda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan;
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel./Fax: +81-798-45-9879
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85
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Kataoka H, Saito S, Itoh A, Matsuo T. Soy germ protein concentrate diet decreased body fat weight and increased hindlimb muscle weight in rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2012; 76:1413-5. [PMID: 22785474 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of soy germ protein intake on body composition. Wistar rats were fed experimental diets for 16 weeks. These consisted of soy germ protein, soy protein, or casein. Abdominal adipose tissue weights significantly lower and hindlimb muscle weights were significantly higher in the soy germ protein group than in the casein group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Kataoka
- Oilseed Protein Laboratory, J-Oil Mills, Inc, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
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86
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Guo J, Yang XQ, He XT, Wu NN, Wang JM, Gu W, Zhang YY. Limited aggregation behavior of β-conglycinin and its terminating effect on glycinin aggregation during heating at pH 7.0. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:3782-3791. [PMID: 22429197 DOI: 10.1021/jf300409y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work, different thermal aggregation behaviors of soy β-conglycinin and glycinin at pH 7.0 were characterized with size exclusion chromatography and low-angle light scattering. Limited aggregation that grew via the consumption of "monomers" was detected in β-conglycinin, forming soluble aggregates. For glycinin, the association between the aggregates that led to the appearance of insoluble materials was observed. Heated with β-conglycinin, the assembly between the glycinin aggregates was terminated and its solubility was recovered. The structure of the soluble and insoluble aggregates was analyzed by small-angle X-ray scattering and dynamic light scattering. Unlike the β-conglycinin soluble aggregates that possessed limited size and less compact conformation, particles with a denser core and a less dense outer shell were found in the glycinin insoluble aggregates. Evidence is presented to reveal the transition between the soluble and insoluble aggregates and the role of β-conglycinin in the solubilization of the soy protein aggregates during heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guo
- Protein Research and Development Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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87
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Modulation of lipid metabolism by mixtures of protamine and chitooligosaccharide through pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity in a rat model. Lab Anim Res 2012; 28:31-8. [PMID: 22474472 PMCID: PMC3315200 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2012.28.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are usually related with high fat and calorie intake, and seriously causative of lifestyle-related diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, arteriosclerosis, and colon cancer. In this study, we propose a novel dietary therapy against overweight and obesity using mixtures of protamine and chitooligosaccharide (COS), which are known to interrupt the lipid metabolism in the body. Protamine is a dietary protein originated from salmon reproductive organ, and COS is an oligosaccharide made from chitin or chitosan by chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis. In the enzyme activity analysis in vitro, protamine and COS strongly suppressed the activity of pancreatic lipase, which is the primary enzyme for the digestion and absorption of lipids in the intestine. In in vivo animal test, the mixtures of protamine and COS significantly reduced the serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (T-CHO), and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDLC) and inhibited the accumulation of lipids in liver tissue of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats fed high fat diets. On the other hand, they increased fecal TG and T-CHO contents. From these alterations in lipid metabolism, we verified that protamine and COS mixtures could effectively interrupt the digestion and absorption of dietary lipids in the body by inhibiting pancreatic lipase activity. In addition, protamine and COS mixtures increased the serum level of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDLC), responsible for removing cholesterol from cells and protecting atherosclerosis, and therefore decreased the potential risks of cardiovascular diseases by lowering values of the atherogenic index (AI) and cardiac risk factor (CRF). Taken together, we suggest protamine and COS mixtures as a prominent dietary therapy for the prevention of overweight, obesity, and further cardiovascular diseases related with hyperlipidemia.
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88
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Yamada Y, Muraki A, Oie M, Kanegawa N, Oda A, Sawashi Y, Kaneko K, Yoshikawa M, Goto T, Takahashi N, Kawada T, Ohinata K. Soymorphin-5, a soy-derived μ-opioid peptide, decreases glucose and triglyceride levels through activating adiponectin and PPARα systems in diabetic KKAy mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E433-40. [PMID: 22127231 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00161.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Soymorphin-5 (YPFVV) derived from soybean β-conglycinin β-subunit is a μ-opioid agonist peptide having anxiolytic-like activity. Here, we show that soymorphin-5 improves glucose and lipid metabolism after long-term oral administration to KKAy mice, a type 2 diabetes model animal. Soymorphin-5 inhibited hyperglycemia without an increase in plasma insulin levels in KKAy mice. Soymorphin-5 also decreased plasma and liver triglyceride (TG) levels and liver weight, suggesting that soymorphin-5 improved lipid metabolism. Soymorphin-5 increased plasma adiponectin concentration and liver mRNA expression of AdipoR2, a subtype of adiponectin receptor that is involved in stimulating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α pathway and fatty acid β-oxidation. The expressions of the mRNA of PPARα and its target genes acyl-CoA oxidase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 A, and uncoupling protein-2, in the liver were also increased after oral administration of soymorphin-5. Furthermore, des-Tyr-soymorphin-5 (PFVV) without μ-opioid and anxiolytic-like activities did not decrease blood glucose levels in KKAy mice. These results suggest that μ-opioid peptide soymorphin-5 improves glucose and lipid metabolism via activation of the adiponectin and PPARα system and subsequent increases of β-oxidation and energy expenditure in KKAy mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Yamada
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho Uji, Kyoto, Japan
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89
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Yamazaki T, Kishimoto K, Miura S, Ezaki O. Dietary β-conglycinin prevents fatty liver induced by a high-fat diet by a decrease in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 protein. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:123-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 10/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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90
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Tsubokura Y, Hajika M, Kanamori H, Xia Z, Watanabe S, Kaga A, Katayose Y, Ishimoto M, Harada K. The β-conglycinin deficiency in wild soybean is associated with the tail-to-tail inverted repeat of the α-subunit genes. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 78:301-9. [PMID: 22193750 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-011-9865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
β-conglycinin, a major seed protein in soybean, is composed of α, α', and β subunits sharing a high homology among them. Despite its many health benefits, β-conglycinin has a lower amino acid score and lower functional gelling properties compared to glycinin, another major soybean seed protein. In addition, the α, α', and β subunits also contain major allergens. A wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb et Zucc.) line, 'QT2', lacks all of the β-conglycinin subunits, and the deficiency is controlled by a single dominant gene, Scg-1 (Suppressor of β-conglycinin). This gene was characterized using a soybean cultivar 'Fukuyutaka', 'QY7-25', (its near-isogenic line carrying the Scg-1 gene), and the F₂ population derived from them. The physical map of the Scg-1 region covered by lambda phage genomic clones revealed that the two α-subunit genes, a β-subunit gene, and a pseudo α-subunit gene were closely organized. The two α-subunit genes were arranged in a tail-to-tail orientation, and the genes were separated by 197 bp in Scg-1 compared to 3.3 kb in the normal allele (scg-1). In addition, small RNA was detected in immature seeds of the mutants by northern blot analysis using an RNA probe of the α subunit. These results strongly suggest that β-conglycinin deficiency in QT2 is controlled by post-transcriptional gene silencing through the inverted repeat of the α subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Tsubokura
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
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91
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Ferreira ES, Silva MA, Demonte A, Neves VA. β-conglycinin combined with fenofibrate or rosuvastatin have exerted distinct hypocholesterolemic effects in rats. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:11. [PMID: 22243700 PMCID: PMC3285525 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing interest in non-pharmacological control of cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the plasma and diet-drug association represent an important area of studies. The objective of this study was to observe the hypocholesterolemic effect of soybean β-conglycinin (7S protein) alone and combined with fenofibrate and rosuvastatin, two hypolipidemic drugs. METHODS The protein and drugs were administered orally once a day to rats and the effects were evaluated after 28 days. Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n = 9): hypercholesterolemic diet (HC), HC+7S protein (300 mg.kg-1 day-1) (HC-7S), HC+fenofibrate (30 mg.kg-1 day-1)(HC-FF), HC+rosuvastatin (10 mg.kg-1 day-1)(HC-RO), HC+7S+fenofibrate (HC-7S-FF) and HC+7S+rosuvastatin (HC-7S-RO). RESULTS Animals in HC-7S, HC-FF and HC-RO exhibited reductions of 22.9, 35.8 and 18.8% in total plasma cholesterol, respectively. In HC-7S-FF, animals did not show significant alteration of the level in HC+FF while the group HC-7S-RO showed a negative effect in comparison with groups taking only protein (HC-7S) or drug (HC-RO). The administration of the protein, fenofibrate and rosuvastatin alone caused increases in the plasma HDL-C of the animals, while the protein-drug combinations led to an increase compared to HC-FF and HC-RO. The plasma concentration of triacylgycerides was significantly reduced in the groups without association, while HC-7S-FF showed no alteration and HC-7S-RO a little reduction. CONCLUSION The results of our study indicate that conglycinin has effects comparable to fenofibrate and rosuvastatin on the control of plasma cholesterol, HDL-C and triacylglycerides, when given to hypercholesterolemic rats, and suggests that the association of this protein with rosuvastatin alters the action of drug in the homeostasis of cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ederlan S Ferreira
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University -UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Maraiza A Silva
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University -UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Aureluce Demonte
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University -UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Valdir A Neves
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University -UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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92
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Sugiura C, Nishimatsu S, Moriyama T, Ozasa S, Kawada T, Sayama K. Catechins and Caffeine Inhibit Fat Accumulation in Mice through the Improvement of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism. J Obes 2012; 2012:520510. [PMID: 22900152 PMCID: PMC3415226 DOI: 10.1155/2012/520510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the inhibiting mechanisms of fat accumulation by catechins, caffeine, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), ICR mice were fed diets containing either 0.3% catechins or 0.1% EGCG and/or 0.05% caffeine for 4 weeks. After the feeding, intraperitoneal adipose tissues weights were significantly lower in the caffeine, catechins + caffeine, and EGCG + caffeine groups compared to controls. Hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity in the catechins + caffeine group was significantly lower, and the activities of acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-II (CPT-II) were significantly higher, compared to the control group. However, these activities were not observed in the other groups. FAS mRNA expression levels in the catechins + caffeine group were significantly lower than in the control group. ACO and CPT-II mRNA levels were not different among all of the treatment groups. These findings indicate that the inhibitory effects of fat accumulation via a combination of catechins, EGCG, or caffeine were stronger collectively than by either catechins, EGCG, or caffeine alone. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the combination of catechins and caffeine induced inhibition of fat accumulation by suppression of fatty acid synthesis and upregulation of the enzymatic activities involved in β-oxidation of fatty acid in the liver, but this result was not observed by combination of EGCG and caffeine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Sugiura
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka-shi 422-8529, Japan
- Department of Health Promotional Sciences, Faculty of Health Promotional Sciences, Hamamatsu University, 1230 Miyakoda-cho, Hamamatsu-shi 431-2102, Japan
| | - Shiho Nishimatsu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka-shi 422-8529, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Moriyama
- Department of Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ozasa
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Sayama
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka-shi 422-8529, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka-shi 422-8529, Japan
- *Kazutoshi Sayama:
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93
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Hirotsuka M. Current and Future Uses of Soy : Expectations for Soybean Breeding. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.59.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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94
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Kwak CS, Park SC, Song KY. Doenjang, a fermented soybean paste, decreased visceral fat accumulation and adipocyte size in rats fed with high fat diet more effectively than nonfermented soybeans. J Med Food 2012; 15:1-9. [PMID: 22082067 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.1224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean is known to have an anti-obesity effect. We compared the anti-obesity effect of doenjang, a fermented soybean paste, with that of nonfermented soybeans in rats. Steamed soybeans and doenjang (steamed soybeans fermented and aged for 10 months) were sampled and freeze-dried. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed basal (BA) (5% fat), high fat (HF) (30% fat), HF+steamed soybeans (SOY), or HF+doenjang (DJ) diet ad libitum for 8 weeks. HF significantly increased body weight gain, liver weight, hepatic triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol levels, and epididymal fat pad weight compared with BA. Compared with HF, body weight gain and hepatic TG and cholesterol levels were significantly lower in SOY and DJ groups, but they were not significantly different from each other. DJ significantly reduced visceral fat weight and epididymal adipocyte size compared with HF, whereas SOY resulted in a mild reduction without significance. This was possibly because DJ showed lowered fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity and elevated carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)-1 activity in liver tissue more than SOY. SOY and DJ did not affect serum total and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels compared with HF; however, DJ significantly lowered the atherogenic index and serum leptin level. In conclusion, doenjang, a fermented soybean product, was more effective than soybeans for preventing diet-induced visceral fat accumulation, possibly because of its greater effects on CPT-1 activity stimulation and FAS activity suppression. These effects may be due in part to the higher content of aglycone isoflavones in doenjang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Shil Kwak
- Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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95
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Esteves EA, Bressan J, Costa NMB, Martino HSD, Donkin SS, Story JA. Modified soybean affects cholesterol metabolism in rats similarly to a commercial cultivar. J Med Food 2011; 14:1363-9. [PMID: 21501092 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of soy protein lowers blood cholesterol in humans and animals. Breeding may alter the physiological effects of soybeans, such as its cholesterol-lowering property. Our hypothesis is that breeding affects the hypocholesterolemic effect of soy by modulating the expression of key hepatic enzymes related to cholesterol and bile acid biosynthesis, as well as altering fecal neutral and acidic steroid excretion. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a new Brazilian soybean cultivar (UFV-116), lacking lipoxygenases 2 and 3, compared with a commercial cultivar (OCEPAR-19), on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A) mRNA expression and fecal steroid output in rats. Thirty-six male rats were fed UFV-116, OCEPAR-19, or casein as the protein source, with or without addition of dietary cholesterol (0.25%). Blood and liver cholesterol, HMGR and CYP7A mRNA abundance, and fecal excretion of steroids were measured. Blood and liver cholesterol levels were lowered by both soybean cultivars, with and without cholesterol, but UFV-116 was more effective when included in the cholesterol-free diet. Both soy diets promoted lower levels of HMGR mRNA, higher levels of CYP7A mRNA, and higher excretion of fecal secondary bile acids. There was higher fecal neutral steroid output when cholesterol was added to all diets. These data show that both soybean cultivars acted similarly in lowering serum and hepatic cholesterol; therefore, breeding did not affect the hypocholesterolemic effect of the new cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabethe A Esteves
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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96
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Choi JY, Jeon JE, Jang SY, Jeong YJ, Jeon SM, Park HJ, Choi MS. Differential effects of powdered whole soy milk and its hydrolysate on antiobesity and antihyperlipidemic response to high-fat treatment in C57BL/6N mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:2584-2591. [PMID: 21271724 DOI: 10.1021/jf1027944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the beneficial effects of powdered whole soy milk and its hydrolysate, compared to the processed soy milk and its hydrolysate, on the alteration of lipid metabolism and their possible effects on antiobesity in C57BL/6N mice fed a high-fat and -cholesterol diet. The mice were divided into a control group (20% casein) and four test groups for 5 weeks: soy milk (SM, 20% soy milk protein), soy milk hydrolysate (SMH, 20% hydrolyzed soy milk protein), whole soy milk (WSM, 20% whole soy milk protein), and whole soy milk hydrolysate (WSMH, 20% whole soy milk hydrolysate protein). The body weight and adipose tissue weights were significantly lowered in SMH, WSM, and WSMH groups compared to the control group despite providing an isoenergetic diet. Plasma lipid concentrations and hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities were significantly lowered in all soy milk groups; however, the hepatic lipid contents and malic enzyme (ME) activity were only significantly lowered in the WSM and WSMH groups, compared to the control group. Data suggest that powdered WSM or WSMH appears to be more beneficial than SM or SMH in overall antiobesity and antihyperlipidemic properties following in the order WSMH/WSM, SMH, SM, and casein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
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97
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HIDAYAT MEILINAH, SUJATNO MUCHTAN, SUTADIPURA NUGRAHA, SETIAWAN, FARIED AHMAD. β-Conglycinin Content Obtained from Two Soybean Varieties Using Different Preparation and Extraction Methods. HAYATI JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES 2011. [DOI: 10.4308/hjb.18.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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98
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Immobilized Cratylia mollis lectin: An affinity matrix to purify a soybean (Glycine max) seed protein with in vitro platelet antiaggregation and anticoagulant activities. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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99
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Ferreira EDS, Silva MA, Demonte A, Neves VA. Soy β-Conglycinin (7S Globulin) Reduces Plasma and Liver Cholesterol in Rats Fed Hypercholesterolemic Diet. J Med Food 2011; 14:94-100. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ederlan de Souza Ferreira
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maraiza Aparecida Silva
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aureluce Demonte
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valdir Augusto Neves
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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100
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Hosomi R, Fukunaga K, Arai H, Kanda S, Nishiyama T, Yoshida M. Effect of dietary protamine on lipid metabolism in rats. Nutr Res Pract 2010; 4:462-9. [PMID: 21286403 PMCID: PMC3029786 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2010.4.6.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Protamine has been widely used as a pharmaceutical product and natural food preservative. However, few studies have been conducted to assess the beneficial function of dietary protamine. This study examined the effects of dietary salmon protamine on serum and liver lipid levels and the expression levels of genes encoding proteins involved in lipid homeostasis in the liver of rats. Groups of male Wistar rats were fed AIN93G diet containing 2% or 5% protamine. After 4 weeks of feeding these diets, markedly decreased serum and liver cholesterol (CHOL) and triacylglycerol levels were noted. Increased activity of liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase-2 and acyl-CoA oxidase, which are key enzymes of fatty acid β-oxidation in the mitochondria and peroxisomes, was found in rats fed on protamine. Furthermore, rats fed protamine showed enhanced fecal excretion of CHOL and bile acid and increased liver mRNA expression levels of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) G5 and ABCG8, which form heterodimers and play a major role in the secretion of CHOL into bile. The decrease in triacylglycerol levels in protamine-fed rats was due to the enhancement of liver β-oxidation. Furthermore, rats fed protamine exhibited decreased CHOL levels through the suppression of CHOL and bile acid absorption and the enhancement of CHOL secretion into bile. These results suggest that dietary protamine has beneficial effects that may aid in the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases such as hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hosomi
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukunaga
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Arai
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology, Kitami, Hokkaido 090-8507, Japan
| | - Seiji Kanda
- Department of Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Osaka, 570-8506, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Nishiyama
- Department of Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Osaka, 570-8506, Japan
| | - Munehiro Yoshida
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan
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