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Buoso E, Masi M, Racchi M, Corsini E. Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals' (EDCs) Effects on Tumour Microenvironment and Cancer Progression: Emerging Contribution of RACK1. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9229. [PMID: 33287384 PMCID: PMC7729595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors (EDCs) can display estrogenic and androgenic effects, and their exposure has been linked to increased cancer risk. EDCs have been shown to directly affect cancer cell regulation and progression, but their influence on tumour microenvironment is still not completely elucidated. In this context, the signalling hub protein RACK1 (Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1) could represent a nexus between cancer and the immune system due to its roles in cancer progression and innate immune activation. Since RACK1 is a relevant EDCs target that responds to steroid-active compounds, it could be considered a molecular bridge between the endocrine-regulated tumour microenvironment and the innate immune system. We provide an analysis of immunomodulatory and cancer-promoting effects of different EDCs in shaping tumour microenvironment, with a final focus on the scaffold protein RACK1 as a pivotal molecular player due to its dual role in immune and cancer contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Buoso
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12/14, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Mirco Masi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12/14, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (M.R.)
- Classe di Scienze Umane e della Vita (SUV), Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Piazza della Vittoria 15, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Racchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12/14, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Dipartimento di Scienze Politiche ed Ambientali, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy;
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Vandenberg LN, Kolla S, LaPlante CD, Jerry DJ. The Mouse Mammary Gland: a Tool to Inform Adolescents About Environmental Causes of Breast Cancer. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2020; 35:1094-1100. [PMID: 31227995 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-019-01563-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a vulnerable period of breast development, and environmental chemical exposures that occur during this period can increase the risk of breast cancer in adulthood. Discussing breast health with adolescent girls can be difficult for several reasons. In this project, we worked to not only inform adolescent researchers about environmental risks for breast cancer but to also involve them in research studies. We taught adolescents about the stages of mammary gland development using samples collected from mice, with a specific focus on pre-pubertal and pubertal stages of development. Our analysis shows that adolescent researchers, with relatively modest training, can collect reliable and reproducible data on aspects of mammary gland biology that are known to be disrupted by environmental chemicals, with coefficients of variation < 2.5% for basic mammary gland parameters and 5-7% for more complex measures. Finally, we provided these adolescents with information about environmental risk factors for breast cancer that they could share with their peers and community and action items to potentially modify their individual risk. We hope that researchers working in this field will engage adolescent researchers in projects to evaluate chemicals that influence breast cancer risk. Summer research programs that inform young adolescents about breast cancer risk factors not only benefit these novice researchers individually but also benefit their communities when they are encouraged to talk about the value of basic science studies, discuss vulnerable periods of mammary gland development, and share what they have learned about cancer and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, 171C Goessmann, 686 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - SriDurgaDevi Kolla
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, 171C Goessmann, 686 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Charlotte D LaPlante
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, 171C Goessmann, 686 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - D Joseph Jerry
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
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Vandenberg LN, Najmi A, Mogus JP. Agrochemicals with estrogenic endocrine disrupting properties: Lessons Learned? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110860. [PMID: 32407980 PMCID: PMC9448509 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many agrochemicals have endocrine disrupting properties. A subset of these chemicals is characterized as "estrogenic". In this review, we describe several distinct ways that chemicals used in crop production can affect estrogen signaling. Using three agrochemicals as examples (DDT, endosulfan, and atrazine), we illustrate how screening tests such as the US EPA's EDSP Tier 1 assays can be used as a first-pass approach to evaluate agrochemicals for endocrine activity. We then apply the "Key Characteristics" approach to illustrate how chemicals like DDT can be evaluated, together with the World Health Organization's definition of an endocrine disruptor, to identify data gaps. We conclude by describing important issues that must be addressed in the evaluation and regulation of hormonally active agrochemicals including mixture effects, efforts to reduce vertebrate animal use, chemical prioritization, and improvements in hazard, exposure, and risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA.
| | - Aimal Najmi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
| | - Joshua P Mogus
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
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54
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Eve L, Fervers B, Le Romancer M, Etienne-Selloum N. Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Risk of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9139. [PMID: 33266302 PMCID: PMC7731339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer and the fifth deadliest in the world. Exposure to endocrine disrupting pollutants has been suggested to contribute to the increase in disease incidence. Indeed, a growing number of researchershave investigated the effects of widely used environmental chemicals with endocrine disrupting properties on BC development in experimental (in vitro and animal models) and epidemiological studies. The complex effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on hormonal pathways, involving carcinogenic effects and an increase in mammary gland susceptibility to carcinogenesis-together with the specific characteristics of the mammary gland evolving over the course of life and the multifactorial etiology of BC-make the evaluation of these compounds a complex issue. Among the many EDCs suspected of increasing the risk of BC, strong evidence has only been provided for few EDCs including diethylstilbestrol, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, dioxins and bisphenol A. However, given the ubiquitous nature and massive use of EDCs, it is essential to continue to assess their long-term health effects, particularly on carcinogenesis, to eradicate the worst of them and to sensitize the population to minimize their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisane Eve
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France;
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69000 Lyon, France
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Béatrice Fervers
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Léon-Bérard, F-69000 Lyon, France;
- Inserm UA08, Radiations, Défense, Santé, Environnement, Center Léon Bérard, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Muriel Le Romancer
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69000 Lyon, France
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Nelly Etienne-Selloum
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France;
- Service de Pharmacie, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- CNRS UMR7021/Unistra, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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Goodson WH, Lowe L, Gilbertson M, Carpenter DO. Testing the low dose mixtures hypothesis from the Halifax project. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2020; 35:333-357. [PMID: 32833669 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In 2013, 60 scientists, representing a larger group of 174 scientists from 26 nations, met in Halifax, Nova Scotia to consider whether - using published research - it was logical to anticipate that a mixture of chemicals, each thought to be non-carcinogenic, might act together in that mixture as a virtual carcinogen. The group identified 89 such chemicals, each one affecting one or more Hallmark(s) - collectively covering all Hallmarks of Cancer - confirming the possibility that a chemical mixture could induce all the Hallmarks and function as a virtual carcinogen, thereby supporting the concern that chemical safety research that does not evaluate mixtures, is incomplete. Based on these observations, the Halifax Project developed the Low-Dose Carcinogenesis Hypothesis which posits "…that low-dose exposures to [mixtures of] disruptive chemicals that are not individually carcinogenic may be capable of instigating and/or enabling carcinogenesis." Although testing all possible combinations of over 80,000 chemicals of commerce would be impractical, prudence requires designing a methodology to test whether low-dose chemical mixtures might be carcinogenic. As an initial step toward testing this hypothesis, we conducted a mini review of published empirical observations of biological exposures to chemical mixtures to assess what empirical data exists on which to base future research. We reviewed studies on chemical mixtures with the criteria that the studies reported both different concentrations of chemicals and mixtures composed of different chemicals. We found a paucity of research on this important question. The majority of studies reported hormone related processes and used chemical concentrations selected to facilitate studying how mixtures behave in experiments that were often removed from clinical relevance, i.e., chemicals were not studied at human-relevant concentrations. New research programs must be envisioned to enable study of how mixtures of small doses of chemicals affect human health, starting, when at all possible, from non-malignant specimens when studies are done in vitro. This research should use human relevant concentrations of chemicals, expand research beyond the historic focus on endocrine endpoints and endocrine related cancers, and specifically seek effects that arise uniquely from exposure to chemical mixtures at human-relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Goodson
- Department of Surgery, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer (NGO), Truro, NS, B2N 1X5, Canada
| | - Michael Gilbertson
- Occupational and Environmental Health Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland
| | - David O Carpenter
- Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
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da Silva ACG, Sousa IP, Dos Santos TRM, Valadares MC. Assessing Agricultural Toxicity in Brazil: Advances and Opportunities in the 21st Century. Toxicol Sci 2020; 177:316-324. [PMID: 32930792 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriculture in the 21st century faces multiple challenges to produce food for the growing population using ethical/sustainable and efficient methods safely for humans and the environment. Brazil today is a world leader in terms of production of food of plant origin, both for human consumption and animal feed. Agriculture and livestock raising are critical economic activities in maintaining a positive balance in its economy. As a consequence, the registration and use of pesticides in Brazil have grown at an accelerated rate. This work shows the current situation in Brazil in terms of the prevailing laws about the registration of pesticides, with a focus on the toxicological aspects related to human health. The regulatory aspects of registration of pesticides in Brazil, the mandatory testing for evaluating pesticide toxicity, adoption of the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals, and recent progress toward nonanimal methods to toxicity evaluation were explored in this work. In this field, Brazil has advanced and there are opportunities and challenges. There is still much to be done and investments to be made so that Brazil can definitively consolidate its conduct within the context of a Modern Regulatory Toxicology, which has entered the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Christian Garcia da Silva
- Laboratory of Education and Research in In Vitro Toxicology, Tox In, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74605.170, Brazil
| | - Isabelly Paula Sousa
- Laboratory of Education and Research in In Vitro Toxicology, Tox In, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74605.170, Brazil
| | - Thaís Rosa Marques Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Education and Research in In Vitro Toxicology, Tox In, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74605.170, Brazil
| | - Marize Campos Valadares
- Laboratory of Education and Research in In Vitro Toxicology, Tox In, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74605.170, Brazil
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Kumar M, Sarma DK, Shubham S, Kumawat M, Verma V, Prakash A, Tiwari R. Environmental Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Exposure: Role in Non-Communicable Diseases. Front Public Health 2020; 8:553850. [PMID: 33072697 PMCID: PMC7541969 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.553850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The exponential growth of pollutant discharges into the environment due to increasing industrial and agricultural activities is a rising threat for human health and a biggest concern for environmental health globally. Several synthetic chemicals, categorized as potential environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), are evident to affect the health of not only livestock and wildlife but also humankind. In recent years, human exposure to environmental EDCs has received increased awareness due to their association with altered human health as documented by several epidemiological and experimental studies. EDCs are associated with deleterious effects on male and female reproductive health; causes diabetes, obesity, metabolic disorders, thyroid homeostasis and increase the risk of hormone-sensitive cancers. Sewage effluents are a major source of several EDCs, which eventually reach large water bodies and potentially contaminate the drinking water supply. Similarly, water storage material such as different types of plastics also leaches out EDCs in drinking Water. Domestic wastewater containing pharmaceutical ingredients, metals, pesticides and personal care product additives also influences endocrine activity. These EDCs act via various receptors through a variety of known and unknown mechanisms including epigenetic modification. They differ from classic toxins in several ways such as low-dose effect, non-monotonic dose and trans-generational effects. This review aims to highlight the hidden burden of EDCs on human health and discusses the non-classical toxic properties of EDCs in an attempt to understand the magnitude of the exposome on human health. Present data on the environmental EDCs advocate that there may be associations between human exposure to EDCs and several undesirable health outcomes that warrants further human bio-monitoring of EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Devojit Kumar Sarma
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Swasti Shubham
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Manoj Kumawat
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Vinod Verma
- Department of Stem Cell Research Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Anil Prakash
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Rajnarayan Tiwari
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bhopal, India
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58
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Amadou A, Coudon T, Praud D, Salizzoni P, Leffondre K, Lévêque E, Boutron-Ruault MC, Danjou AMN, Morelli X, Le Cornet C, Perrier L, Couvidat F, Bessagnet B, Caudeville J, Faure E, Mancini FR, Gulliver J, Severi G, Fervers B. Chronic Low-Dose Exposure to Xenoestrogen Ambient Air Pollutants and Breast Cancer Risk: XENAIR Protocol for a Case-Control Study Nested Within the French E3N Cohort. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e15167. [PMID: 32930673 PMCID: PMC7525465 DOI: 10.2196/15167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women in industrialized countries. Lifestyle and environmental factors, particularly endocrine-disrupting pollutants, have been suggested to play a role in breast cancer risk. Current epidemiological studies, although not fully consistent, suggest a positive association of breast cancer risk with exposure to several International Agency for Research on Cancer Group 1 air-pollutant carcinogens, such as particulate matter, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), dioxins, Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and cadmium. However, epidemiological studies remain scarce and inconsistent. It has been proposed that the menopausal status could modify the relationship between pollutants and breast cancer and that the association varies with hormone receptor status. Objective The XENAIR project will investigate the association of breast cancer risk (overall and by hormone receptor status) with chronic exposure to selected air pollutants, including particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), BaP, dioxins, PCB-153, and cadmium. Methods Our research is based on a case-control study nested within the French national E3N cohort of 5222 invasive breast cancer cases identified during follow-up from 1990 to 2011, and 5222 matched controls. A questionnaire was sent to all participants to collect their lifetime residential addresses and information on indoor pollution. We will assess these exposures using complementary models of land-use regression, atmospheric dispersion, and regional chemistry-transport (CHIMERE) models, via a Geographic Information System. Associations with breast cancer risk will be modeled using conditional logistic regression models. We will also study the impact of exposure on DNA methylation and interactions with genetic polymorphisms. Appropriate statistical methods, including Bayesian modeling, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis, will be used to assess the impact of multipollutant exposure. The fraction of breast cancer cases attributable to air pollution will be estimated. Results The XENAIR project will contribute to current knowledge on the health effects of air pollution and identify and understand environmental modifiable risk factors related to breast cancer risk. Conclusions The results will provide relevant evidence to governments and policy-makers to improve effective public health prevention strategies on air pollution. The XENAIR dataset can be used in future efforts to study the effects of exposure to air pollution associated with other chronic conditions. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/15167
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Amadou
- Department of Prevention Cancer Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Inserm UA 08 Radiations: Défense, Santé, Environnement, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Coudon
- Department of Prevention Cancer Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Ecole Centrale de Lyon, INSA, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecully, France
| | - Delphine Praud
- Department of Prevention Cancer Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Inserm UA 08 Radiations: Défense, Santé, Environnement, Lyon, France
| | - Pietro Salizzoni
- Ecole Centrale de Lyon, INSA, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecully, France
| | - Karen Leffondre
- ISPED, Inserm U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emilie Lévêque
- ISPED, Inserm U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP, Inserm U1018), Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Aurélie M N Danjou
- Department of Prevention Cancer Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Xavier Morelli
- Department of Prevention Cancer Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Charlotte Le Cornet
- Department of Prevention Cancer Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lionel Perrier
- Univ Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, GATE L-SE UMR 5824, Lyon, France
| | - Florian Couvidat
- National Institute for industrial Environment and Risks (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Bertrand Bessagnet
- National Institute for industrial Environment and Risks (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Julien Caudeville
- National Institute for industrial Environment and Risks (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Elodie Faure
- Department of Prevention Cancer Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Francesca Romana Mancini
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP, Inserm U1018), Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - John Gulliver
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP, Inserm U1018), Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Béatrice Fervers
- Department of Prevention Cancer Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Inserm UA 08 Radiations: Défense, Santé, Environnement, Lyon, France
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Zeinomar N, Oskar S, Kehm RD, Sahebzeda S, Terry MB. Environmental exposures and breast cancer risk in the context of underlying susceptibility: A systematic review of the epidemiological literature. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 187:109346. [PMID: 32445942 PMCID: PMC7314105 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence evaluating environmental chemical exposures (ECE) and breast cancer (BC) risk is heterogeneous which may stem in part as few studies measure ECE during key BC windows of susceptibility (WOS). Another possibility may be that most BC studies are skewed towards individuals at average risk, which may limit the ability to detect signals from ECE. OBJECTIVES We reviewed the literature on ECE and BC focusing on three types of studies or subgroup analyses based on higher absolute BC risk: BC family history (Type 1); early onset BC (Type 2); and/or genetic susceptibility (Type 3). METHODS We systematically searched the PubMed database to identify epidemiologic studies examining ECE and BC risk published through June 1, 2019. RESULTS We identified 100 publications in 56 unique epidemiologic studies. Of these 56 studies, only 2 (3.6%) were enriched with BC family history and only 11% of studies (6/56) were specifically enriched with early onset cases. 80% of the publications from these 8 enriched studies (Type 1: 8/10 publications; Type 2: 8/10 publications) supported a statistically significant association between ECE and BC risk including studies of PAH, indoor cooking, NO2, DDT; PCBs, PFOSA; metals; personal care products; and occupational exposure to industrial dyes. 74% of Type 3 publications (20/27) supported statistically significant associations for PAHs, traffic-related air pollution, PCBs, phthalates, and PFOSAs in subgroups of women with greater genetic susceptibility due to variants in carcinogen metabolism, DNA repair, oxidative stress, cellular apoptosis and tumor suppressor genes. DISCUSSION Studies enriched for women at higher BC risk through family history, younger age of onset and/or genetic susceptibility consistently support an association between an ECE and BC risk. In addition to measuring exposures during WOS, designing studies that are enriched with women at higher absolute risk are necessary to robustly measure the role of ECE on BC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Zeinomar
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sabine Oskar
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca D Kehm
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shamin Sahebzeda
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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60
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Parity reduces mammary repopulating activity but does not affect mammary stem cells defined as CD24 + CD29/CD49fhi in mice. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 183:565-575. [PMID: 32696317 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BCa) mortality is decreasing with early detection and improvement in therapies. The incidence of BCa, however, continues to increase, particularly estrogen-receptor-positive (ER +) subtypes. One of the greatest modifiers of ER + BCa risk is childbearing (parity), with BCa risk halved in young multiparous mothers. Despite convincing epidemiological data, the biology that underpins this protection remains unclear. Parity-induced protection has been postulated to be due to a decrease in mammary stem cells (MaSCs); however, reports to date have provided conflicting data. METHODS We have completed rigorous functional testing of repopulating activity in parous mice using unfractionated and MaSC (CD24midCD49fhi)-enriched populations. We also developed a novel serial transplant method to enable us to assess self-renewal of MaSC following pregnancy. Lastly, as each pregnancy confers additional BCa protection, we subjected mice to multiple rounds of pregnancy to assess whether additional pregnancies impact MaSC activity. RESULTS Here, we report that while repopulating activity in the mammary gland is reduced by parity in the unfractionated gland, it is not due to a loss in the classically defined MaSC (CD24+CD49fhi) numbers or function. Self-renewal was unaffected by parity and additional rounds of pregnancy also did not lead to a decrease in MaSC activity. CONCLUSIONS Our data show instead that parity impacts on the stem-like activity of cells outside the MaSC population.
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Cohn BA, Cirillo PM, Terry MB. DDT and Breast Cancer: Prospective Study of Induction Time and Susceptibility Windows. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 111:803-810. [PMID: 30759253 PMCID: PMC6695310 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djy198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a previous Child Health and Development Studies report, p, p'-DDT was associated with a fivefold increased risk of premenopausal (before age 50 years) breast cancer for women first exposed before puberty. Here we extend our observation to breast cancer diagnosed during early postmenopause (ages 50-54 years) to determine whether age at diagnosis modifies the interaction of DDT with age at exposure. METHODS We conducted a second prospective, nested case-control study in the Child Health and Development Studies (153 incident breast cancer cases diagnosed at ages 50-54 years and 432 controls matched to cases on birth year). These were analyzed separately and pooled with our previous study (129 breast cancer cases diagnosed at ages 31-49 years and 129 controls matched on birth year). Blood samples were obtained during pregnancy (median age, 26 years), 1-3 days after delivery from 1959 to 1967 in Oakland, California. Serum was assayed for p, p'-DDT, o, p'-DDT, and p, p'-DDE. Odds ratios (ORs) below are given for doubling of serum p, p'-DDT. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS For early postmenopausal breast cancer, p, p'-DDT was associated with risk for all women (ORDDT 50-54 = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.48 to 2.67). This association was accounted for by women first exposed to DDT after infancy (ORDDT 50-54 for first exposure after infancy = 2.83, 95% CI = 1.96 to 4.10 vs ORDDT 50-54 for first exposure during infancy = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.26 to 1.19; Pinteraction DDT x age at first exposure = .01). In contrast, for premenopausal breast cancer, p, p'-DDT was associated with risk among women first exposed during infancy through puberty, but not after (ORDDT<50 for first exposure during infancy = 3.70, 95% CI = 1.22 to 11.26, Pinteraction DDT x age at first exposure x age at diagnosis = .03). CONCLUSIONS p, p'-DDT was associated with breast cancer through age 54 years. Risk depended on timing of first exposure and diagnosis age, suggesting susceptibility windows and an induction period beginning in early life. DDT appears to be an endocrine disruptor with responsive breast targets from in utero to menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Cohn
- See the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations
| | - Piera M Cirillo
- See the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- See the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations
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Sonne C, Siebert U, Gonnsen K, Desforges JP, Eulaers I, Persson S, Roos A, Bäcklin BM, Kauhala K, Tange Olsen M, Harding KC, Treu G, Galatius A, Andersen-Ranberg E, Gross S, Lakemeyer J, Lehnert K, Lam SS, Peng W, Dietz R. Health effects from contaminant exposure in Baltic Sea birds and marine mammals: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 139:105725. [PMID: 32311628 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Here we review contaminant exposure and related health effects in six selected Baltic key species. Sentinel species included are common eider, white-tailed eagle, harbour porpoise, harbour seal, ringed seal and grey seal. The review represents the first attempt of summarizing available information and baseline data for these biomonitoring key species exposed to industrial hazardous substances focusing on anthropogenic persistent organic pollutants (POPs). There was only limited information available for white-tailed eagles and common eider while extensive information exist on POP exposure and health effects in the four marine mammal species. Here we report organ-tissue endpoints (pathologies) and multiple biomarkers used to evaluate health and exposure of key species to POPs, respectively, over the past several decades during which episodes of significant population declines have been reported. Our review shows that POP exposure affects the reproductive system and survival through immune suppression and endocrine disruption, which have led to population-level effects on seals and white-tailed eagles in the Baltic. It is notable that many legacy contaminants, which have been banned for decades, still appear to affect Baltic wildlife. With respect to common eiders, changes in food composition, quality and contaminant exposure seem to have population effects which need to be investigated further, especially during the incubation period where the birds fast. Since new industrial contaminants continuously leak into the environment, we recommend continued monitoring of them in sentinel species in the Baltic, identifying possible effects linked to climate change, and modelling of population level effects of contaminants and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sonne
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou CN-450002, China.
| | - Ursula Siebert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Werftstr. 6, 25761 Büsum, Germany.
| | - Katharina Gonnsen
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Werftstr. 6, 25761 Büsum, Germany.
| | - Jean-Pierre Desforges
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Igor Eulaers
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Sara Persson
- Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Frescativägen 40, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anna Roos
- Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Frescativägen 40, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Britt-Marie Bäcklin
- Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Frescativägen 40, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kaarina Kauhala
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Luke. Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Morten Tange Olsen
- Evolutionary Genomics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Karin C Harding
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 25 SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Gabriele Treu
- German Environment Agency, Section Chemicals, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany.
| | - Anders Galatius
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Emilie Andersen-Ranberg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health, Dyrlægevej 16, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Stephanie Gross
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Werftstr. 6, 25761 Büsum, Germany.
| | - Jan Lakemeyer
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Werftstr. 6, 25761 Büsum, Germany.
| | - Kristina Lehnert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Werftstr. 6, 25761 Büsum, Germany.
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou CN-450002, China; Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (Akuatrop) & Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development (Bio-D Tropika), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, MY-21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou CN-450002, China
| | - Rune Dietz
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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Weng JC, Hong CI, Tasi JD, Shen CY, Su PH, Wang SL. The association between prenatal endocrine-disrupting chemical exposure and altered resting-state brain fMRI in teenagers. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:1669-1684. [PMID: 32448957 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have reported that prenatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can cause adverse behavioral effects or cognitive dysfunction in children. This study aimed to investigate a relationship of the concentration of prenatal EDCs and brain function in teenagers. We recruited 59 mother-child pairs during the third trimester of pregnancy, and collected and examined the concentration of EDCs, such as heavy metals, phthalates and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), in maternal urine and serum. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were collected in teenagers 13-16 years of age, and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were performed to find the association between maternal EDC concentrations and the functional development of the teenage brain. We found a correlation between MBP concentration and activity in the superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus in the combined group of boys and girls. We also observed a correlation between MBzP concentration and activity in the anterior cingulum gyrus and insula in girls. We found a correlation between lead concentration and activity in the cuneus in the combined group. We also observed a correlation between MeHg concentration and activity in the superior temporal gyrus, caudate nucleus and putamen in the combined group. The PFOS results revealed a negative relationship between activity in the right putamen in boys, girls and the combined group after phthalate or heavy metals were applied as covariates. The PFNA results showed a negative correlation between activity in the left/right putamen and left caudate nucleus in boys, girls and the combined group after phthalate, heavy metals or PFOS were applied as covariates. We examined the correlations between maternal EDC concentrations and brain development and found that the associations with resting-state teenage brains in some circumstances are sex-related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Cheng Weng
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chi Ieong Hong
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Dau Tasi
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yu Shen
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pen-Hua Su
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Li Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Rd., Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.
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Association between maternal exposure to the pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and risk of obesity in middle age. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:1723-1732. [PMID: 32415255 PMCID: PMC7387196 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0586-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a malnourishment epidemic worldwide. A meta-analysis of prospective human studies across the world demonstrated a consistent positive association between maternal exposure to the pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolite dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and children with obesity. The present study evaluates the association of maternal exposure to DDT and DDE with the risk of obesity in daughters during their mid-life in a prospective birth cohort with up to 53 years of follow-up. Methods: Gravidas’ blood was collected during their 1959–1967 enrollment into the prospective Child Health and Development Studies birth cohort in California. Their daughters aged 44–53 years had their height, weight, and waist circumference measured during a home visit to evaluate associations of daughters’ adiposity and relative risk of overweight and obesity with their mothers’ prenatal serum levels of DDT and DDE quantified by gas chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometer (n=511). Results: Maternal o,p’-DDT was positively associated with body mass index (beta=0.59 kg/m2 per ln ng/ml (95th percentile confidence interval, 95CI: 0.17, 1.00)) and waist circumference (beta=1.19 cm per ln ng/ml (95CI: 0.26, 2.13)) in multivariable models. Maternal o,p’-DDT was positively associated with a 26% (95CI: 6–49%) to 31% (95CI: 6–62%) higher risk of overweight and the same magnitude of additional risk for obesity, based on waist circumference and BMI definitions respectively, in multivariable models. Conclusions: These data indicate maternal DDT exposure is significantly associated with increased obesity risk among middle-aged women independent of the obesity definition, confounding, and obesity risk factors. Our findings suggest that policies supporting the use of DDT for malaria vector abatement need to consider the obesity risk as a health cost when weighing the benefits of using DDT in malaria vector control.
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Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Their Effects during Female Puberty: A Review of Current Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062078. [PMID: 32197344 PMCID: PMC7139481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Puberty is the process of physical changes between childhood and adulthood during which adolescents reach sexual maturity and become capable of reproduction. It is considered one of the main temporal windows of susceptibility for the influence of the endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). EDCs may act as single chemical agents or as chemical mixtures; they can be pubertal influencers, accelerating and anticipating the processing of maturation of secondary sexual characteristics. Moreover, recent studies have started to point out how exposure to EDCs during puberty may predispose to breast cancer later in life. In fact, the estrogen-mimicking endocrine disruptors (EEDs) may influence breast tissue development during puberty in two main ways: the first is the action on the proliferation of the breast stromal cells, the second concerns epigenetic mechanisms. The aim of this mini-review was to better highlight what is new and what is not completely known regarding the role of EDCs during puberty.
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66
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Forman MR. Breast Cancer and Nutrition: A Paradigm for Prevention in 3D Across the Life Course. Front Oncol 2020; 10:129. [PMID: 32133286 PMCID: PMC7040200 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, the most common cancer in women worldwide, has recognized reproductive and anthropometric risk factors including age at menarche and adult height. Yet the age when a woman attains her adult height or experiences menarche for example is simply the timing of the major life event at the end of a long trail of exposures that began in utero. The objective of this article is to investigate through a review of the literature the role of nutrition in breast cancer prevention through three dimensions (D). Each D offers a different lens. The First D identifies windows/ages of exposures or conditions that convey vulnerability or protection from breast cancer. The Second D addresses the intensity and duration of the exposure; and the (Third D) examines the pace, i.e., how rapid or slow the young woman experiences her growth and development. Birthweight illustrative of the First D reveals a strong signal across the life course on BC risk, but the risk group varies from low to high birthweight. Stressful life events like being a pubertal aged girl living in a household with an unemployed father during the Great Depression or high levels of environmental contaminants exposure are representative of the Second D. Height velocity at specific ages and weight loss in postmenopausal years are illustrative of anthropometric trajectories that reveal an adaptive biosystem that provides a contextual state to interact with the other two Ds. This article presents a new paradigm of nutrition and breast cancer prevention through the lens of three very different dimensions. It is the premise of this article that all three dimensions are essential tasks to tease apart the life course and identify windows for preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele R Forman
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University Cancer Center, Center for Aging and the Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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67
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Wu HC, Cohn BA, Cirillo PM, Santella RM, Terry MB. DDT exposure during pregnancy and DNA methylation alterations in female offspring in the Child Health and Development Study. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 92:138-147. [PMID: 30822522 PMCID: PMC6710160 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Studies measuring dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) exposure during key windows of susceptibility including the intrauterine period suggest that DDT exposure is associated with breast cancer risk. We hypothesized that prenatal DDT exposure is associated with DNA methylation. Using prospective data from 316 daughters in the Child Health and Development Study, we examined the association between prenatal exposure to DDTs and DNA methylation in blood collected in midlife (mean age: 49 years). To identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with markers of DDTs (p,p'-DDT and the primary metabolite of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, and o,p'-DDT, the primary constituents of technical DDT), we measured methylation in 30 genes important to breast cancer. We observed DDT DMRs in three genes, CCDC85A, CYP1A1 and ZFPM2, each of which has been previously implicated in pubertal development and breast cancer susceptibility. These findings suggest prenatal DDT exposure may have life-long consequence through alteration in genes relevant to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Wu
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Barbara A. Cohn
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, California
| | - Piera M. Cirillo
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, California
| | - Regina M. Santella
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY
- Imprints Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY
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Rusiecki JA, Denic-Roberts H, Byrne C, Cash J, Raines CF, Brinton LA, Zahm SH, Mason T, Bonner MR, Blair A, Hoover R. Serum concentrations of DDE, PCBs, and other persistent organic pollutants and mammographic breast density in Triana, Alabama, a highly exposed population. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:109068. [PMID: 31918312 PMCID: PMC7032000 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although some persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are considered human carcinogens, results from studies evaluating exposures and breast cancer risk have been inconsistent, potentially related to varying ages at exposure. Additionally, few studies evaluated the association between POPs exposure and mammographic breast density (MBD), an intermediate biomarker of breast cancer risk. We carried out a cross-sectional study to investigate associations between serum POPs concentrations and MBD measured in 1998 in female residents of Triana, Alabama, in a predominately African American population with high POPs exposures, particularly to p,p'-DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane). METHODS We measured lipid-adjusted serum concentrations (ng/g lipid) of p,p'-DDT and its main metabolite p,p'-DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCCH), heptachlor epoxide, oxychlordane, trans-nonachlor, mirex, and aldrin for each woman in our study (n = 210). We also measured two MBD metrics, percent MBD (%MBD) and area of MBD (aMBD). Using adjusted Spearman correlation coefficients (rs) we evaluated correlations between %MBD and aMBD with individual POPs in the overall population and by age group (19-40, 41-54, and 55-91 years) and also estimated adjusted mean measures of MBD with 95% confidence intervals across tertiles of analytes using generalized linear models (GLM). We calculated p-values for multiplicative interaction by age group using GLM. Additional analyses excluded women with current hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use and evaluated early-life exposure (prior to age 18) during the heaviest contamination period in Triana (1947-90). RESULTS Among all women, we found no correlation between p,p'-DDE and %MBD, but after age stratification and exclusion of HRT users, there was a suggestion of a difference by age group, with younger women having a weak positive correlation (rs = 0.12, p = 0.37) and older women having a weak negative correlation (rs = -0.12, p = 0.43); pinteraction = 0.06. In contrast, PCBs were weakly positively correlated with %MBD among all women, with the correlation magnitudes increasing after excluding current HRT users (rs-total PCBs = 0.17, p = 0.03). After age stratification and exclusion of HRT users, correlations for PCBs were higher among younger and middle-age women, with only a handful of these correlations being statistically significant. For β-HCCH, the strongest finding was a negative correlation among older women (rs = -0.26, p = 0.07). Correlations were positive predominantly in the younger age group for heptachlor epoxide (rs = 0.27, p = 0.04), oxychlordane (rs = 0.35, p = 0.006), and trans-nonachlor (rs = 0.37, p = 0.003), and largely null for the middle and older age groups; pinteraction range: 0.03-0.05. Similar patterns were found in GLM analyses using tertiles of exposure and aMBD as the metric for MBD. Women exposed during the heaviest chemical contamination period in Triana prior to age 18 had positive correlations between %MBD and PCBs, heptachlor epoxide, mirex, oxychlordane, and trans-nonachlor. CONCLUSIONS In this population, despite high exposures to p,p'-DDT and thus high serum concentrations of its main metabolite, p,p'-DDE, we did not find strong evidence of a positive association with MBD. In fact, there was some evidence of a negative association among older women for p,p'-DDE; a similar pattern was found for β-HCCH. However, younger women with higher serum levels of PCBs, heptachlor epoxide, oxychlordane, and trans-nonachlor, who were likely exposed in early life, had higher MBD. These findings should be replicated in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Rusiecki
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - H Denic-Roberts
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C Byrne
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Cash
- University of Alabama in Huntsville, College of Nursing, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - C F Raines
- University of Alabama in Huntsville, College of Nursing, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | | | - S H Zahm
- Sheila Zahm Consulting, Formerly at National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T Mason
- University of South Florida, College of Public Health, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - M R Bonner
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - A Blair
- National Cancer Institute Retired, Scientist Emeritus, USA
| | - R Hoover
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Hu X, Li S, Cirillo P, Krigbaum N, Tran V, Ishikawa T, La Merrill MA, Jones DP, Cohn B. Metabolome Wide Association Study of serum DDT and DDE in Pregnancy and Early Postpartum. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 92:129-137. [PMID: 31102720 PMCID: PMC7055929 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) and metabolome-wide-association study (MWAS) enables the readout of environmental effects in human specimens. We used HRM to understand DDT-induced alterations of in utero environment and potential health effects. Endogenous metabolites were measured in 397 maternal perinatal serum samples collected during 1959-1967 in the Child Health and Development Studies (CHDS) and in 16 maternal postnatal serum samples of mice treated with or without DDT. MWAS was performed to assess associations between metabolites and p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE levels, followed by pathway analysis. Distinct metabolic profiles were found with p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE. Amino acids such arginine had a strong association with p,p'-DDT and o,p'-DDT in both women and mice, whereas lipids and acyl-carnitine intermediates were found exclusively associated with p,p'-DDE in CHDS women indicating mitochondrial impairment. It suggests that the role of serine and fatty acid metabolism on the causal disease pathway should be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Shuzhao Li
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Piera Cirillo
- The Center for Research on Women and Children's Health, Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, 1683 Shattuck Avenue, Suite B, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA
| | - Nickilou Krigbaum
- The Center for Research on Women and Children's Health, Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, 1683 Shattuck Avenue, Suite B, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA
| | - ViLinh Tran
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Tomoko Ishikawa
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michele A La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Barbara Cohn
- The Center for Research on Women and Children's Health, Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, 1683 Shattuck Avenue, Suite B, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA.
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Jones DP, Cohn BA. A vision for exposome epidemiology: The pregnancy exposome in relation to breast cancer in the Child Health and Development Studies. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 92:4-10. [PMID: 32197999 PMCID: PMC7306421 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Etiology of complex diseases, such as breast cancer, involves multiple genetic, behavioral and environmental factors. Gene sequencing enabled detection of genetic risks with relatively small effect size, and high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) to provide omics level data for exposures is poised to do the same for environmental epidemiology. Coupling HRM to the Child Health and Development Studies (CHDS) cohort combines two unique resources to create a prototype for exposome epidemiology, in which omics scale measures of exposure are used for study of distribution and determinants of health and disease. Using this approach, exposures and biologic responses during pregnancy have been linked to breast cancer in the CHDS. With improved chemical coverage and extension to larger populations and other disease processes, development of exposome epidemiology portends discovery of new disease-associated environment factors with small effect size as well as new capabilities to disentangle these from behavioral and other risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Barbara A Cohn
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, 1683 Shattuck Avenue, Suite B, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA
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Li S, Cirillo P, Hu X, Tran V, Krigbaum N, Yu S, Jones DP, Cohn B. Understanding mixed environmental exposures using metabolomics via a hierarchical community network model in a cohort of California women in 1960's. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 92:57-65. [PMID: 31299210 PMCID: PMC6949431 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Even though the majority of population studies in environmental health focus on a single factor, environmental exposure in the real world is a mixture of many chemicals. The concept of "exposome" leads to an intellectual framework of measuring many exposures in humans, and the emerging metabolomics technology offers a means to read out both the biological activity and environmental impact in the same dataset. How to integrate exposome and metabolome in data analysis is still challenging. Here, we employ a hierarchical community network to investigate the global associations between the metabolome and mixed exposures including DDTs, PFASs and PCBs, in a women cohort with sera collected in California in the 1960s. Strikingly, this analysis revealed that the metabolite communities associated with the exposures were non-specific and shared among exposures. This suggests that a small number of metabolic phenotypes may account for the response to a large class of environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhao Li
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
| | - Piera Cirillo
- The Center for Research on Women and Children's Health, Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, 1683 Shattuck Avenue, Suite B, Berkeley, CA, 94709, USA
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - ViLinh Tran
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Nickilou Krigbaum
- The Center for Research on Women and Children's Health, Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, 1683 Shattuck Avenue, Suite B, Berkeley, CA, 94709, USA
| | - Shaojun Yu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Barbara Cohn
- The Center for Research on Women and Children's Health, Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, 1683 Shattuck Avenue, Suite B, Berkeley, CA, 94709, USA.
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Fenton SE, Birnbaum LS. CHDS: A national treasure that keeps on giving. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 92:11-13. [PMID: 32097706 PMCID: PMC7864627 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne E Fenton
- National Toxicology Program Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, NC, United States.
| | - Linda S Birnbaum
- National Toxicology Program Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
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73
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Varshavsky J, Smith A, Wang A, Hom E, Izano M, Huang H, Padula A, Woodruff TJ. Heightened susceptibility: A review of how pregnancy and chemical exposures influence maternal health. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 92:14-56. [PMID: 31055053 PMCID: PMC6824944 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a unique period when biological changes can increase sensitivity to chemical exposures. Pregnant women are exposed to multiple environmental chemicals via air, food, water, and consumer products, including flame retardants, plasticizers, and pesticides. Lead exposure increases risk of pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders, although women's health risks are poorly characterized for most chemicals. Research on prenatal exposures has focused on fetal outcomes and less on maternal outcomes. We reviewed epidemiologic literature on chemical exposures during pregnancy and three maternal outcomes: preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and breast cancer. We found that pregnancy can heighten susceptibility to environmental chemicals and women's health risks, although variations in study design and exposure assessment limited study comparability. Future research should include pregnancy as a critical period for women's health. Incorporating biomarkers of exposure and effect, deliberate timing and method of measurement, and consistent adjustment of potential confounders would strengthen research on the exposome and women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Varshavsky
- University of California, San Francisco, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Anna Smith
- University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Aolin Wang
- University of California, San Francisco, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, San Francisco, CA, USA; University of California, San Francisco, Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hom
- University of California, San Francisco, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Monika Izano
- University of California, San Francisco, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hongtai Huang
- University of California, San Francisco, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, San Francisco, CA, USA; University of California, San Francisco, Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amy Padula
- University of California, San Francisco, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tracey J Woodruff
- University of California, San Francisco, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, San Francisco, CA, USA
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74
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Kavanaugh-Lynch MHE. The environment, windows of susceptibility, and breast cancer. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 92:1-3. [PMID: 32035112 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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75
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Girard L, Reix N, Mathelin C. [Impact of endocrine disrupting pesticides on breast cancer]. GYNECOLOGIE, OBSTETRIQUE, FERTILITE & SENOLOGIE 2020; 48:187-195. [PMID: 31634589 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Of the 800 pesticides used worldwide, about 650 can affect the functioning of the endocrine system: endocrine disrupting pesticides (EDPs). Dietary or environmental exposure to EDPs is a concern, as their presence is currently demonstrated in most biological fluids. Some EDPs are prohibited, classified as carcinogenic, others are "probable" or "possible" carcinogens when there is limited evidence of their tumor effect. The impact of EDPs on breasts is not well known to date. However, since most EDPs have a long half-life and are lipophilic, breasts, composed mainly of adipose tissue, are a suitable site for their concentration. The objective of our review was to analyze the impact of EDPs related to our environmental exposure on breast cancer risk, through an analysis of recent literature, including epidemiological and biological data. Our review showed a positive association between the presence of EDPs and breast cancer, especially among women farmers or EDPs users but also in the general population. Studies on breast tumors have found a higher concentration of EDPs in estrogen-sensitive tumors. As for mortality, studies are contradictory, but confirm the dangerousness of some EDPs. The different series analyzed have several limitations, such as the low number of EDPs evaluated, small numbers and insufficient follow up. The potentiating effect of different EDPs used concomitantly and the window of exposure to these substances are parameters to be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Girard
- Unité de sénologie, pôle de gynécologie-obstétrique, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, hôpital de Hautepierre, avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - N Reix
- Laboratoire de biochimie et biologie moléculaire, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg, France; ICube UMR 7357, université de Strasbourg/CNRS, fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France.
| | - C Mathelin
- Unité de sénologie, pôle de gynécologie-obstétrique, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, hôpital de Hautepierre, avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg cedex, France; Institut de génétique et de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire, biologie du cancer (IGBMC), 1, rue Laurent-Fries, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
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Environmental Exposures during Puberty: Window of Breast Cancer Risk and Epigenetic Damage. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17020493. [PMID: 31941024 PMCID: PMC7013753 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During puberty, a woman’s breasts are vulnerable to environmental damage (“window of vulnerability”). Early exposure to environmental carcinogens, endocrine disruptors, and unhealthy foods (refined sugar, processed fats, food additives) are hypothesized to promote molecular damage that increases breast cancer risk. However, prospective human studies are difficult to perform and effective interventions to prevent these early exposures are lacking. It is difficult to prevent environmental exposures during puberty. Specifically, young women are repeatedly exposed to media messaging that promotes unhealthy foods. Young women living in disadvantaged neighborhoods experience additional challenges including a lack of access to healthy food and exposure to contaminated air, water, and soil. The purpose of this review is to gather information on potential exposures during puberty. In future directions, this information will be used to help elementary/middle-school girls to identify and quantitate environmental exposures and develop cost-effective strategies to reduce exposures.
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77
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Hu X, Li S, Cirillo PM, Krigbaum NY, Tran V, Jones DP, Cohn BA. Reprint of "Metabolome Wide Association Study of Serum Poly and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Pregnancy and Early Postpartum". Reprod Toxicol 2020; 92:120-128. [PMID: 31923462 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution metabolomics (HRM) profiling of metabolic fingerprints can improve understanding of how poly and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) induce metabolic alterations of in utero environment and impact fetal health. HRM profiling and quantification of PFASs were performed for 397 maternal perinatal serum samples collected from 1959-1967 in the Child Health and Development Studies (CHDS). We used Metabolome-Wide Association Studies (MWAS) and pathway enrichment analysis for metabolic associations with PFOS, its precursor EtFOSAA, and EtFOSAA-to-PFOS ratio. Distinct metabolic profiles were found with EtFOSAA and PFOS. Urea cycle metabolites such as arginine, lysine and creatine had opposite associations with EtFOSAA (negative) and PFOS (positive); whereas, carnitine shuttle metabolites were found to be exclusively and positively associated with PFOS indicating perturbation in fatty acid metabolism. These differential metabolic associations for precursor and end-product represent an important first step in identifying how PFASs alter the in utero environment and potentially leads to disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Shuzhao Li
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Piera M Cirillo
- The Center for Research on Women and Children's Health, Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, 1683 Shattuck Avenue, Suite B, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA
| | - Nickilou Y Krigbaum
- The Center for Research on Women and Children's Health, Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, 1683 Shattuck Avenue, Suite B, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA
| | - ViLinh Tran
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Barbara A Cohn
- The Center for Research on Women and Children's Health, Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, 1683 Shattuck Avenue, Suite B, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA.
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Hall JM, Greco CW. Perturbation of Nuclear Hormone Receptors by Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: Mechanisms and Pathological Consequences of Exposure. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010013. [PMID: 31861598 PMCID: PMC7016921 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Much of the early work on Nuclear Hormone Receptors (NHRs) focused on their essential roles as mediators of sex steroid hormone signaling in reproductive development and function, and thyroid hormone-dependent formation of the central nervous system. However, as NHRs display tissue-specific distributions and activities, it is not surprising that they are involved and vital in numerous aspects of human development and essential for homeostasis of all organ systems. Much attention has recently been focused on the role of NHRs in energy balance, metabolism, and lipid homeostasis. Dysregulation of NHR function has been implicated in numerous pathologies including cancers, metabolic obesity and syndrome, Type II diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, male and female infertility and other reproductive disorders. This review will discuss the dysregulation of NHR function by environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and the associated pathological consequences of exposure in numerous tissues and organ systems, as revealed by experimental, clinical, and epidemiological studies.
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79
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In utero DDT exposure and breast density before age 50. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 92:85-90. [PMID: 31711904 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prior studies in the Child Health and Development Studies (CHDS) found in utero exposure to the pesticide, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), increased breast cancer risk by age 52. Mammographic density is considered a primary risk factor for breast cancer. We conducted a study of 309 daughters from the CHDS to examine in utero DDT exposure and mammographic density in midlife. Among daughters with high (>75th percentile) exposure to p,p'-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), p,p'-DDT was significantly correlated with increased dense area and percent density regardless of her body mass in midlife. In the subset of women with lower (<75th percentile) p,p-DDE, p,p'-DDT was associated with increased non-dense breast area. This was explained by adjustment for midlife BMI suggesting that p,p'-DDT may be obesogenic. In aggregate our findings indicate that early life p,p'-DDT exposure impacts breast density in a complex way that depends on the hosts biological ability to sequester and process DDT and levels of exposure.
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80
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Huang W, He Y, Xiao J, Huang Y, Li A, He M, Wu K. Risk of breast cancer and adipose tissue concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides: a hospital-based case-control study in Chinese women. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:32128-32136. [PMID: 31494853 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) are suspected to be associated with breast cancer risk, but the results are controversial. This study was performed to evaluate the associations between adipose tissue PCB, DDT, and DDE concentrations and breast cancer risk. Two hundred and nine pathologically diagnosed breast cancer cases and 165 controls were recruited from three local hospitals in Shantou city, China, from 2014 to 2016. Concentrations of 7 PCB congeners, p,p'-DDT, and p,p'-DDE were measured in adipose tissues obtained from the breast for cases and the breast/abdomen for controls during surgery. Clinicopathologic information and demographic characteristics were collected from medical records. PCBs, p,p'-DDT, and p,p'-DDE concentrations in adipose tissues were compared between cases and controls. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk of breast cancer by PCBs, p,p'-DDT, and p,p'-DDE concentrations in adipose tissues. Breast cancer cases have relatively higher menarche age, higher breastfeeding and postmenopausal proportion than controls. Levels of PCB-52, PCB-101, PCB-118, PCB-138, PCB-153, PCB-180, total PCBs (∑PCBs), and p,p'-DDE were relatively higher in breast cancer cases than controls. Breast cancer risk was increased in the third tertile of PCB-101, PCB-118, PCB-138, PCB-153, PCB-180, ∑PCBs, and p,p'-DDE as compared with the first tertile in both adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression models (odds ratios [ORs] were from 1.58 to 7.88); and increased linearly across categories of PCB-118 and p,p'-DDE in unadjusted model, and PCB-118 and PCB-153 in the adjusted model with trend (all P < 0.01). While breast cancer risk was declined in the second tertile of PCB-28, PCB-52, and PCB-101 in both unadjusted and adjusted models, also second tertile of p,p'-DDT and third tertile of PCB-28 in the adjusted models. This study suggests associations between the exposure of PCBs, p,p'-DDT, and p,p'-DDE and breast cancer risk. Based on adjusted models, PCB-118, PCB-138, PCB-153, PCB-180, ∑PCBs, and p,p'-DDE exposures increase breast cancer risk at current exposure levels, despite existing inconsistent even inverse results in PCB-28, PCB-52, PCB-101, and p,p'-DDT. More epidemiological studies are still needed to verify these findings in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, No.22, Xinling Rd., Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanfang He
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, No.22, Xinling Rd., Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiefeng Xiao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, No.22, Xinling Rd., Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanni Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, No.22, Xinling Rd., Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Anna Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, No.22, Xinling Rd., Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Meirong He
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, No.22, Xinling Rd., Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, No.22, Xinling Rd., Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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81
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Niehoff NM, Gammon MD, Parada H, Stellman SD, Neugut AI, Teitelbaum SL. Self-reported residential pesticide use and survival after breast cancer. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2019; 222:1077-1083. [PMID: 31351853 PMCID: PMC6732244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous investigations found elevated mortality after breast cancer in association with biomarkers of persistent organochlorine pesticides in non-occupationally exposed women. We hypothesized that lifetime residential pesticide use, which includes persistent and non-persistent pesticides, would also be associated with increased mortality after breast cancer. METHODS A population-based cohort of 1505 women with invasive or in situ breast cancer was interviewed in 1996-1997, shortly after diagnosis, about pre-diagnostic lifetime residential pesticide use. Participants were followed for mortality through 2014 (595 deaths from any cause and 236 from breast cancer, after 17.6 years of follow-up). Pesticides were examined as 15 individual categories; a group of seven used for lawn and garden purposes; a group of eight used for nuisance-pest purposes; and all combined. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality. Modification by estrogen receptor (ER) status, body mass index, and long-term residence was examined. RESULTS Ever use (HR = 0.77, 95%CI = 0.63-0.95) and higher lifetime applications (4th quartile: HR = 0.62, 95%CI = 0.47-0.81, ptrend = 0.3) of the lawn and garden group of pesticides were inversely associated with all-cause mortality, compared to never use. The inverse association for lawn and garden pesticide use was limited to ER positive (vs. negative) tumors (pinteraction = 0.05). Nuisance-pest pesticides, and all groups combined, were not associated with all-cause or breast cancer-specific mortality. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to our hypothesis, lifetime residential use of lawn and garden pesticides, but not all combined or nuisance-pest pesticides, was inversely associated with all-cause mortality after breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Niehoff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA.
| | - Marilie D Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA
| | - Humberto Parada
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, Hardy Tower Room 168, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Steven D Stellman
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Alfred I Neugut
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Susan L Teitelbaum
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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82
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Terry MB, Michels KB, Brody JG, Byrne C, Chen S, Jerry DJ, Malecki KMC, Martin MB, Miller RL, Neuhausen SL, Silk K, Trentham-Dietz A. Environmental exposures during windows of susceptibility for breast cancer: a framework for prevention research. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:96. [PMID: 31429809 PMCID: PMC6701090 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The long time from exposure to potentially harmful chemicals until breast cancer occurrence poses challenges for designing etiologic studies and for implementing successful prevention programs. Growing evidence from animal and human studies indicates that distinct time periods of heightened susceptibility to endocrine disruptors exist throughout the life course. The influence of environmental chemicals on breast cancer risk may be greater during several windows of susceptibility (WOS) in a woman’s life, including prenatal development, puberty, pregnancy, and the menopausal transition. These time windows are considered as specific periods of susceptibility for breast cancer because significant structural and functional changes occur in the mammary gland, as well as alterations in the mammary micro-environment and hormone signaling that may influence risk. Breast cancer research focused on these breast cancer WOS will accelerate understanding of disease etiology and prevention. Main text Despite the plausible heightened mechanistic influences of environmental chemicals on breast cancer risk during time periods of change in the mammary gland’s structure and function, most human studies of environmental chemicals are not focused on specific WOS. This article reviews studies conducted over the past few decades that have specifically addressed the effect of environmental chemicals and metals on breast cancer risk during at least one of these WOS. In addition to summarizing the broader evidence-base specific to WOS, we include discussion of the NIH-funded Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program (BCERP) which included population-based and basic science research focused on specific WOS to evaluate associations between breast cancer risk and particular classes of endocrine-disrupting chemicals—including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, perfluorinated compounds, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and phenols—and metals. We outline ways in which ongoing transdisciplinary BCERP projects incorporate animal research and human epidemiologic studies in close partnership with community organizations and communication scientists to identify research priorities and effectively translate evidence-based findings to the public and policy makers. Conclusions An integrative model of breast cancer research is needed to determine the impact and mechanisms of action of endocrine disruptors at different WOS. By focusing on environmental chemical exposure during specific WOS, scientists and their community partners may identify when prevention efforts are likely to be most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, Room 1611, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Karin B Michels
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, CHS 71-254, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | - Celia Byrne
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road A-1039F, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Shiuan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1450 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - D Joseph Jerry
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute and Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 661 North Pleasant St., Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Kristen M C Malecki
- Department of Population Health Sciences and the Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St., WARF Room 605, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Mary Beth Martin
- Departments of Oncology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, E411 New Research Building, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Rachel L Miller
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Environmental Health Sciences; Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, PH8E-101B, 630 W. 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1450 E. Duarte Road, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Kami Silk
- Department of Communication, University of Delaware, 250 Pearson Hall, 125 Academy St, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Amy Trentham-Dietz
- Department of Population Health Sciences and Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St., WARF Room 307, Madison, WI, 53726, USA.
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83
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McDonald JA, Cirillo PM, Tehranifar P, Krigbaum NY, Engmann NJ, Cohn BA, Terry MB. In utero DDT exposure and breast density in early menopause by maternal history of breast cancer. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 92:78-84. [PMID: 31421228 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We examined the relationship between intrauterine dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) exposure (o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDT, and p,p'-DDE) and mammographic breast density (MBD) in midlife, one of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer. We focused our analyses on o,p'-DDT exposure given our previous report of a positive association between intrauterine o,p'-DDT exposure and daughter's breast cancer (BC) risk. Here we estimated associations of intrauterine serum DDTs with MBD in 224 daughters of women in the Child Health and Development Studies pregnancy cohort whose mothers did not develop BC (MBCa-) and 156 daughters whose mothers did develop BC (MBCa+). In MBCa+ daughters, highest relative to lowest quartile of o,p'-DDT exposure was associated with a 17-unit higher dense area (95% CI = 2.6-31.2; Ptrend = 0.01). We did not observe an association between o,p'-DDT and density measures in MBCa- daughters. MBD, an intermediate marker of BC risk, may be affected by intrauterine DDT exposures; MBCa status may modify the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine A McDonald
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 722 West 168th Street, New York, New York, United States; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032, United States.
| | - Piera M Cirillo
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, California, United States.
| | - Parisa Tehranifar
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 722 West 168th Street, New York, New York, United States; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032, United States.
| | - Nickilou Y Krigbaum
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, California, United States.
| | - Natalie J Engmann
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 722 West 168th Street, New York, New York, United States.
| | - Barbara A Cohn
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, California, United States.
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 722 West 168th Street, New York, New York, United States; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032, United States.
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84
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Dzubow R, Fields C, Ginsberg G, Sandy M, Mabson M, Foos B. Comparison of carcinogenic potency across life stages: implications for the assessment of transplacental cancer risk. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:769-787. [PMID: 31402766 PMCID: PMC7066594 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1650860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer development from in utero exposure has been documented for a variety of agents with the most commonly studied compounds exhibiting mutagenic and genotoxic carcinogen properties. Age-dependent adjustment factors (ADAFs) are applied by the US Environmental Protection Agency to many such carcinogens when assessing cancer risk from early postnatal (PN) exposures; however, this approach has not been widely considered for transplacental (TP) exposure. To explore this question and further evaluate prenatal susceptibility a database of early life animal studies developed by California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) enhanced with additional literature searching was evaluated. Nine genotoxic carcinogens and one mixture (cigarette smoke) have data available via TP only, PN only and adult-only protocols. Potency comparisons across these lifestages displayed similarly greater potency in male liver and brain compared to adult-only exposure. Both TP and PN exposures were not markedly different than adult-only for other targets such as female liver and blood-borne tumors. Similarity in TP and PN targets and potency for carcinogen action suggests that a 10-fold ADAF may be applied for TP exposure as is currently applied to PN exposure. A similar conclusion was reached by OEHHA. The implications of this heightened TP vulnerability are greatest for less-than-lifetime exposure and this approach might be used to assess the level of cancer risk from exposures during pregnancy. A case example employing a mutagenic flame retardant was used to exemplify application of a TP ADAF for evaluating risks during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Dzubow
- Office of Children’s Health Protection, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - C. Fields
- Partnership in Pediatric and Environmental Health, E. Granby, CT, USA
| | - G. Ginsberg
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - M. Sandy
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - M. Mabson
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Washington, DC, USA
| | - B. Foos
- Office of Children’s Health Protection, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
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85
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Cohn BA, La Merrill MA, Krigbaum NY, Wang M, Park JS, Petreas M, Yeh G, Hovey RC, Zimmermann L, Cirillo PM. In utero exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and subsequent breast cancer. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 92:112-119. [PMID: 31323350 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that maternal perinatal serum levels of poly and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) predict risk for breast cancer in daughters in a 54-year follow-up of 9300 daughters born 1959-1967 in the Child Health and Development Studies pregnancy cohort. Total cholesterol and PFASs were measured in archived maternal perinatal serum for 102 daughter breast cancer cases diagnosed by age 52, and 310 controls matched on birth year and blood draw trimester. High maternal N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid (EtFOSAA), a precursor of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), in combination with high maternal total cholesterol predicted a 3.6-fold increased risk of breast cancer (pinteraction<0.05). Conversely, maternal PFOS was associated with decreased daughters' breast cancer risk. Predictions were robust to alternative modeling and independent of other maternal factors. Future generations continue to be exposed to ubiquitous, persistent PFASs. These findings are relevant to breast cancer prevention if confirmed experimentally and where possible, in additional epidemiology studies of internal doses of PFASs and other chemical mixtures especially during vulnerable windows in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Cohn
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Michele A La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nickilou Y Krigbaum
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - June-Soo Park
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Myrto Petreas
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Gregory Yeh
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Russell C Hovey
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Zimmermann
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Piera M Cirillo
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
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86
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Elmetwaly MMF, Emarah ZA, Abd Elhamied AEM, Hegazy MA, Kamel EA, Al-Wehedy AI. Morbidity Profile of Cases Attended Oncology Center of Mansoura University (OCMU), Egypt: A Cross-Sectional Study. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2019; 10:177-186. [PMID: 31263667 PMCID: PMC6590881 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.3.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In Egypt, the National Cancer Registry Program integrates hospital-based data from multiple Egyptian governorates to obtain representative rates. Unfortunately, Dakahlia (one of the largest Egyptian governorates) was not integrated in the National Cancer Registry Program. This research aimed to acquire malignancy rates from the Oncology Center of Mansoura University, which is one of the two oncology centers present in Dakalia Governorate in Egypt. Methods Electronic records of patients who attended the Oncology Center of Mansoura University during 2016 were accessed with permission. Analysis was performed to extract diagnostic categories (age, gender, and geographic distribution of cases). Results Most commonly diagnosed malignancies were breast cancer which represented about 10% of cases in the Oncology Center of Mansoura University during 2016. This was followed by leukemia (3.80%), lymphoma (3.59%), and liver cancer (3.44%). Diagnoses encountered included benign and malignant tumors as well as non-tumor diagnoses. The Mansoura district had the highest proportionate rate of breast cancer cases. Females in the age group ≥ 35 < 60 years had the highest incidence of malignancy cases across all diagnoses. Conclusion The burden of breast cancer in Mansoura district is high. Risk factors need further evaluation with a recommendation to perform an environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miada M F Elmetwaly
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ziad A Emarah
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncology Center of Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abd Elhamied M Abd Elhamied
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Hegazy
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Oncology Center of Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Emily A Kamel
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Adel I Al-Wehedy
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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87
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Agricultural Exposures and Breast Cancer Among Latina in the San Joaquin Valley of California. J Occup Environ Med 2019; 61:552-558. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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88
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Cohn BA, Cirillo PM. In utero and postnatal programing of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) in young adult women. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 92:148-154. [PMID: 31173873 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fetal adrenal-derived OH-DHEAS is the primary precursor for maternal estriol, an abundant, human, placental estrogen. We measured maternal pregnancy estriol as a marker of fetal adrenal function + placenta capacity to synthesize estriol. We hypothesized that maternal estriol is directly correlated with the adrenal hormone, DHEAS, in young adult women. We tested this hypothesis in a subset of women in the Child Health and Development Studies (351 of 470 eligible). 176 of these had serum samples collected at ages 27-30 for DHEAS assays, archived maternal pregnancy serum for estriol assays, and childhood growth data. In regression analyses, both maternal estriol and accelerated growth in middle childhood were independently, directly associated with DHEAS (+19% for quartile 4 versus quartile 1 of estriol, 95%CI=+ 2%, +36% and +12% for quartile 4 versus quartile 1 for middle childhood growth, 95%CI= +3%, +21%). Adrenal function may be programmed in utero and middle childhood with long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Cohn
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley CA 94708, United States.
| | - Piera M Cirillo
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley CA 94708, United States
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89
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Buah-Kwofie A, Humphries MS, Pillay L. Dietary exposure and risk assessment of organochlorine pesticide residues in rural communities living within catchment areas of iSimangaliso World Heritage Site, South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:17774-17786. [PMID: 31030398 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dietary intake of contaminated food is a major route of human exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Despite the prevalence of OCP usage in southern Africa for several decades, their impact on socioeconomically vulnerable communities remains largely overlooked. We investigated the accumulation of OCPs in crops commonly cultivated by rural communities surrounding iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa. All samples analysed were found to be contaminated, with total OCP concentrations ranging between 190 and 240 ng g-1 ww. Elevated levels of OCP residues were detected in all products, with the majority of samples exceeding European Commission's maximum residue limits (MRLs). We combine these results with local OCP fish tissue estimates to assess potential dietary risks. Cumulative risk assessment indicated potential non-cancer risks associated with heptachlor epoxide, while a cancer risk as high as 1 in 10 was found to be associated with aldrin and dieldrin. This far exceeds USEPA guidelines and indicates that OCP residues in crops and fish from the study area pose a high risk to human health. The results of this study call for further attention to be given to the health implications of continued OCP use not only within the study area but also in Southern Africa in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archibold Buah-Kwofie
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa.
| | - Marc S Humphries
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Letitia Pillay
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
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90
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Hu X, Li S, Cirillo PM, Krigbaum NY, Tran V, Jones DP, Cohn BA. Metabolome Wide Association Study of Serum Poly and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Pregnancy and Early Postpartum. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 87:70-78. [PMID: 31121237 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution metabolomics (HRM) profiling of metabolic fingerprints can improve understanding of how poly and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) induce metabolic alterations of in utero environment and impact fetal health. HRM profiling and quantification of PFASs were performed for 397 maternal perinatal serum samples collected from 1959-1967 in the Child Health and Development Studies (CHDS). We used Metabolome-Wide Association Studies (MWAS) and pathway enrichment analysis for metabolic associations with PFOS, its precursor EtFOSAA, and EtFOSAA-to-PFOS ratio. Distinct metabolic profiles were found with EtFOSAA and PFOS. Urea cycle metabolites such as arginine, lysine and creatine had opposite associations with EtFOSAA (negative) and PFOS (positive); whereas, carnitine shuttle metabolites were found to be exclusively and positively associated with PFOS indicating perturbation in fatty acid metabolism. These differential metabolic associations for precursor and end-product represent an important first step in identifying how PFASs alter the in utero environment and potentially leads to disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Shuzhao Li
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Piera M Cirillo
- The Center for Research on Women and Children's Health, Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, 1683 Shattuck Avenue, Suite B, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA
| | - Nickilou Y Krigbaum
- The Center for Research on Women and Children's Health, Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, 1683 Shattuck Avenue, Suite B, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA
| | - ViLinh Tran
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Barbara A Cohn
- The Center for Research on Women and Children's Health, Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, 1683 Shattuck Avenue, Suite B, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA.
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91
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Taiwo AM. A review of environmental and health effects of organochlorine pesticide residues in Africa. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 220:1126-1140. [PMID: 33395800 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are generally categorized as chlorinated cyclodienes, chlorodiphenylethanes, chlorinated benzenes and cyclohexanes. The presence of OCP residues in foodstuffs, water, soil, sediments, blood serum and air has generated a surge of global interest. This is due to their severe environmental and health ill-effects. OCPs are characteristically described as persistent and bio-accumulating substances prone to long-range transportation. The aim of this present study is to assess the environmental and health risks associated with OCP residues. Published works on OCPs in surface water, sediments and fish samples were reviewed. Possible non-carcinogenic (Hazard Quotient, HQ and Hazard Index, HI) and carcinogenic (Cancer Risk, CR) health effects of OCPs were assessed in fish samples. High concentrations of OCP residues were determined in environmental samples from African countries. The non-carcinogenic health assessment of OCPs in most fish samples from Nigeria revealed HI values greater than 1.0 establishing their adverse effects. The CR data of OCPs in fish samples also showed values higher than the permissible standard of 1.0 × 10-4 indicating possible development of cancer through fish consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale Matthew Taiwo
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB, 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
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92
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Cohn BA, Cirillo PM, La Merrill MA. Correlation of body mass index with serum DDTs predicts lower risk of breast cancer before the age of 50: prospective evidence in the Child Health and Development Studies. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2019; 29:302-309. [PMID: 30224754 PMCID: PMC6996968 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-018-0072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Many suspected breast cancer risk factors, including the pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolite dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), are stored in fat where they could influence carcinogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that the relationship of DDT and DDE (DDTs) with adiposity is modified by disposition to develop breast cancer. We predicted that concentrations of serum DDTs would be inversely correlated with body mass index (BMI) during active exposure when DDTs move into the larger fat pool. We described this correlation at an average of 17 years before breast cancer was diagnosed, in a prospective nested case-control study in the Child Health and Development Studies. Women entered the study during pregnancy from 1959 to 1966 when DDT was in active use. In total, 133 breast cancer cases were diagnosed under the age of 50 as of 1998. Mean time to diagnosis was 17 years. In total, 133 controls were matched to cases on birth year. We observed the expected inverse correlation of serum DDTs with BMI only in women who remained cancer-free and not in women who ultimately developed breast cancer (p for interaction < 0.05). Findings suggest that vulnerability to breast cancer before the age of 50 may be associated with an uncoupling of the inverse correlation between BMI and serum DDTs. Investigation into mechanisms may eventually reveal early biomarkers of breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Cohn
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94709, USA.
| | - Piera M Cirillo
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94709, USA
| | - Michele A La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, College of Biological Sciences, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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93
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Parada H, Sun X, Tse CK, Engel LS, Olshan AF, Troester MA. Plasma levels of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene (DDE) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and survival following breast cancer in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 125:161-171. [PMID: 30716576 PMCID: PMC6448589 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine plasma levels of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene (DDE) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in association with survival among women with breast cancer who participated in a population-based case-control study. METHODS Participants included 456 white and 292 black women from the Carolina Breast Cancer Study Phase I who were diagnosed with primary invasive breast cancer from 1993 to 1996, and who had available DDE/DDT and lipid measurements from blood samples obtained on average 4.1 months after diagnosis. Using the National Death Index, we identified 392 deaths (210 from breast cancer) over a median follow-up of 20.6 years. We used Cox regression to estimate covariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause and breast cancer-specific 5-year mortality, and 20-year mortality conditional on 5-year survival, for lipid-standardized DDE and DDT levels. Associations stratified by race and estrogen receptor (ER) status were also examined. RESULTS The highest versus lowest DDE tertile and the highest vs non-detectable DDT quantile were associated with HRs of 1.95 (95% CI = 1.31-2.92) and 1.64 (95% CI = 1.10-2.44), respectively, for 20-year conditional all-cause mortality. DDE levels above versus below the median were associated with a HR of 1.69 (95% CI = 1.06-2.68) for 20-year conditional breast cancer-specific mortality among women overall, and HRs were 2.36 (95% CI = 1.03-5.42) among black women and 1.57 (95% CI = 0.86-2.89) among white women (PInteraction = 0.42), and 3.24 (95% CI = 1.38-7.58) among women with ER- tumors and 1.29 (95% CI = 0.73-2.28) among women with ER+ tumors (PInteraction = 0.03). CONCLUSION Exposure to DDE/DDT may adversely impact overall and breast cancer-specific survival. DDE exposure may contribute to the racial disparities in breast cancer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Parada
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA; UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Xuezheng Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Chiu-Kit Tse
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Lawrence S Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Melissa A Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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94
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Müller MHB, Polder A, Brynildsrud OB, Grønnestad R, Karimi M, Lie E, Manyilizu WB, Mdegela RH, Mokiti F, Murtadha M, Nonga HE, Skaare JU, Solhaug A, Lyche JL. Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants in Northern Tanzania and their distribution between breast milk, maternal blood, placenta and cord blood. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 170:433-442. [PMID: 30634139 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) begins during pregnancy and may cause adverse health effects in the fetus or later in life. The present study aimed to assess prenatal POPs exposure to Tanzanian infants and evaluate the distribution of POPs between breast milk, maternal blood, placenta and cord blood. For assessment of prenatal exposure, 48 maternal blood samples from Mount Meru Regional Referral Hospital (MMRRH), Arusha Tanzania, were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), dioxin-like (DL) activity and perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs). For evaluation of POPs distribution between maternal/infant compartments, breast milk, placenta and cord blood corresponding to the maternal blood were analyzed for OCPs, PCBs and BFRs. In maternal blood, p,p´- DDE was detected in 100% of the samples ranging between 29 and 1890 ng/g lipid weight (lw). PCB-153 was the only PCB detected in maternal blood, with detection rate of 29% and concentrations up to 116 ng/g lw. BDE-47 was detected in 65% of the maternal blood samples, ranging between <LOD and 83.2 ng/g lw. DL activity was measured using Dioxin Responsive CALUX® bioassay. The DL activity was above LOQ in 92% of the samples, ranging from <LOQ to 114 pg CALUX TEQ/g lw. PFASs was dominated by PFOS and PFOA, however, the concentrations were low (range ∑PFASs 0.18-3.14 ng/mL). p,p´-DDE was detected in 100% of the breast milk, placenta and cord blood samples and the concentrations were strongly correlated (r = 0.89-0.98) between all compartments. Maternal blood (MB) had significantly lower p,p´-DDE concentrations (ng/g lw) than cord blood (CB) and breast milk (BM). The median CB/MB ratio was 1.3 and median MB/BM ratio was 0.8. p,p´-DDE concentrations in breast milk and cord blood did not show significant difference and median CB/BM ratio was 1. In addition, the relative p,p`-DDE transfer from maternal blood to breast milk and to cord blood increased when p,p`-DDE concentrations in maternal blood increased. This study shows that Tanzanian infants are exposed to a wide range of POPs during fetal life, which raise concerns for potential health effects. In addition, this study found that maternal blood concentrations may lead to underestimation of prenatal exposure, while breast milk collected close to delivery may be a more suitable indicator of prenatal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H B Müller
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Adamstuen, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
| | - A Polder
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Adamstuen, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - O B Brynildsrud
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - R Grønnestad
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Adamstuen, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - M Karimi
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Adamstuen, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - E Lie
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Adamstuen, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadallèen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - W B Manyilizu
- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - R H Mdegela
- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - F Mokiti
- Mount Meru Regional Referral Hospital, P.O. Box 3092, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - M Murtadha
- Mount Meru Regional Referral Hospital, P.O. Box 3092, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - H E Nonga
- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - J U Skaare
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, N-0106 Oslo, Norway
| | - A Solhaug
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, N-0106 Oslo, Norway
| | - J L Lyche
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Adamstuen, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway
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95
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Amir RM, Randhawa MA, Nadeem M, Ahmed A, Ahmad A, Khan MR, Khan MA, Kausar R. Assessing and Reporting Household Chemicals as a Novel Tool to Mitigate Pesticide Residues in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Sci Rep 2019; 9:1125. [PMID: 30718746 PMCID: PMC6362137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37936-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-selective use of pesticide to increase productivity leaves residues on crops. These pesticides after consumption have a detrimental effect on human health and their intake can lead to various diseases such as kidney damage, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, circulatory and reproductive problems. The recent study was designed to assess the effects of household processing treatments such as acidic solutions (acidic acid and citric acid), alkaline solutions (sodium chloride and sodium carbonate) and biological solutions (radish, ginger, garlic, and lemon extracts) were evaluated for their efficiency for removal of pesticides in spinach by gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC-ECD). The results showed that pesticide residues were sharply reduced when spinach was exposed to washing treatments. The results showed that the greatest reduction of deltamethrin, cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos and endosulfan with 10% acetic acid was (79.68 ± 0.81%), (89.99 ± 0.12%), (94.21 ± 0.02%) and (70.32 ± 0.25%), respectively of tested washing solutions. The acidic solutions were more effective than alkaline and biological extracts in the removal of pesticide residues. The average reduction in various washing solutions ranged from 10.21 to 79.68%, 22.60 to 89.48%, 22.95 to 94-21% and 11.24–70.32% for the removal of deltamethrin, cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, and endosulfan, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rai Muhammad Amir
- Institute of Food and Nutritional Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atif Randhawa
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Pakistan.
| | - Anwaar Ahmed
- Institute of Food and Nutritional Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Asif Ahmad
- Institute of Food and Nutritional Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Moazzam Rafiq Khan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Khan
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Sub-campus, Burewala/Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Rukhsana Kausar
- Department of Environmental Science, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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96
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Bachelet D, Verner MA, Neri M, Cordina Duverger É, Charlier C, Arveux P, Haddad S, Guénel P. Breast Cancer and Exposure to Organochlorines in the CECILE Study: Associations with Plasma Levels Measured at the Time of Diagnosis and Estimated during Adolescence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16020271. [PMID: 30669331 PMCID: PMC6351946 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental chemicals with hormonal effects, such as organochlorine compounds (OCs), during developmental periods of breast cells may have an impact on the incidence of breast cancer later in life. However, the assessment of exposure to these chemicals that occurred in early life at the time of breast cancer development in adult women is a difficult challenge in epidemiological studies. Plasma levels of the OCs p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyl congener 153 (PCB153) were measured in 695 cases and 1055 controls of a population-based case-control study conducted in France (CECILE study). Based on these values, we used a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to estimate PCB153 levels at age 11⁻20 years when the women were adolescents. Overall, there was no clear association between breast cancer risk and measured levels of DDE and PCB153 at the time of diagnosis, but there was a trend of decreasing odds ratios of breast cancer with increasing DDE and PCB153 levels in women aged 50 years and over. The PBPK model revealed that PCB153 concentrations estimated during adolescence were highest in the youngest women born after 1960 who reached adolescence at a time when environmental contamination was maximum, and very low in the oldest women who attained adolescence before the contamination peak. Negative associations between breast cancer and PCB153 estimates during adolescence were also found. The negative associations between DDE and PCB153 levels measured at the time of diagnosis or estimated during adolescence in our study were unexplained. Further investigations are needed to clarify whether this finding is real or related to study artifacts. However, this study suggests that using PBPK models in epidemiological studies to back-estimate OC exposures during early life stages may be useful to address critical questions on cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Bachelet
- Inserm U 1018, Center for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), University Paris-Sud, Paris-Saclay, 94807 Villejuif, France.
| | - Marc-André Verner
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, IRSPUM, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Monica Neri
- Inserm U 1018, Center for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), University Paris-Sud, Paris-Saclay, 94807 Villejuif, France.
| | - Émilie Cordina Duverger
- Inserm U 1018, Center for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), University Paris-Sud, Paris-Saclay, 94807 Villejuif, France.
| | - Corinne Charlier
- Department of Toxicology, University of Liège, Sart Tilman University Hospital, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Patrick Arveux
- Department of Medical Information, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Sami Haddad
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, IRSPUM, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Inserm U 1018, Center for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), University Paris-Sud, Paris-Saclay, 94807 Villejuif, France.
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97
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Chang S, El-Zaemey S, Heyworth J, Tang MC. DDT exposure in early childhood and female breast cancer: Evidence from an ecological study in Taiwan. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:1106-1112. [PMID: 30376997 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Researchers still lack consensus on the association between exposure to DDT and the risk of breast cancer. One reason could be that the measurements of DDT obtained during or near the time of diagnosis may not reflect exposure during the etiologically relevant time period in a woman's life. This study undertook an ecological analysis to investigate whether exposure to DDT among cohort born between 1951 and 1959 (i.e. age 0-5 years) and who reached the age 50-54 years during 2001-2013 had an increased risk of breast cancer in adulthood. To do this, we used the number of DDT sprays in each township during the anti-malaria campaign in Taiwan in the 1950s as a proxy for direct DDT exposure. The DDT sprays were then linked to the township female breast cancer incidence rate in the 2000s when the birth cohorts had reached age 50-54 years. Insurance claims data were used to identify breast cancer cases during 1996-2013. Zero-Inflated Poisson regression was performed to estimate the effect of DDT sprays on the breast cancer incidence rate. The analysis was based on a total of 9 birth cohorts (1951-1959) in 349 townships who had lived at least up to age 50. On average, one DDT spray experienced during age 0-5 years was associated with an increase of 8 more female breast cancer cases per 100,000 during age 50-54. The effect appears to increase with the number of sprays. Our finding suggests that DDT exposure in early childhood could raise the risk of breast cancer in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Chang
- Business School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Sonia El-Zaemey
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
| | - Jane Heyworth
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Meng-Chi Tang
- Department of Economics, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan
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98
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Expression of the miR-190 family is increased under DDT exposure in vivo and in vitro. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:1937-1945. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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99
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Abstract
Endocrine disruption has been gathering increasing attention in the past 25 years as a possible new threat for health and safety. Exposure to endocrine disruptor has been progressively linked with a growing number of increasing disease in the human population. The mechanics through which endocrine disruptors act are not yet completely clear, however a number of pathways have been identified. A key concern is the cumulative and synergic effects that endocrine disruptors could have when mixed in consumer products. We reviewed the available literature to identify known or potential endocrine disruptors, as well as endocrine active substances that could contribute to cumulative effects, in topical consumer products. The number of endocrine actives used daily in consumer products is staggering and even though most if not all are used in concentrations that are considered to be safe, we believe that the possibility of combined effects in mixtures and non-monotonic dose/response is enough to require further precautions. A combined in vitro approach based on existing, validated OECD test methods is suggested to screen consumer products and mixtures for potential interaction with estrogen and androgen hormone receptors, in order to identify products that could have cumulative effects or support their safety concerning direct endocrine disruption capabilities.
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100
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Lerro CC, Jones RR, Langseth H, Grimsrud TK, Engel LS, Sjödin A, Choo-Wosoba H, Albert P, Ward MH. A nested case-control study of polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, and thyroid cancer in the Janus Serum Bank cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 165:125-132. [PMID: 29698872 PMCID: PMC5999553 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides have been associated with altered thyroid hormone levels in humans, but their relationship with thyroid cancer is unknown. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study of thyroid cancer in the Norwegian Janus Serum Bank cohort using pre-diagnostic blood samples from 1972 to 1985. Incident thyroid cancer (n = 108) was ascertained through 2008. Controls were matched 2:1 by age, date of blood draw, gender, and county. We used gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to quantify 36 PCB congeners and metabolites of pesticides DDT, chlordane, hexachlorocyclohexane, and hexachlorobenzene. PCBs and pesticide metabolites were evaluated individually and summed by degree of chlorination and parent compound, respectively. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using conditional logistic regression per specified increase in lipid-adjusted concentration. We additionally stratified analyses by birth cohort (1923-1932, 1933-1942, 1943-1957). RESULTS Increasing concentration of DDT metabolites (ORper 1000 ng/g = 0.80, 95%CI = 0.66-0.98) was inversely associated with thyroid cancer. Associations for PCBs were null or in inverse direction. We observed interactions for total PCBs, moderately-chlorinated PCBs, and chlordane metabolites with birth cohort (p ≤ 0.04). Among participants born 1943-1957, total PCBs (ORper 100 ng/g = 1.25, 95%CI = 1.00-1.56), moderately-chlorinated PCBs (ORper 100 ng/g = 1.31, 95%CI = 1.01-1.70), and chlordane metabolites (ORper 10 ng/g = 1.78, 95%CI = 1.09-2.93) were positively associated with thyroid cancer. For individuals born before 1943, associations were generally null or in the inverse direction. CONCLUSIONS Emissions of PCBs and OC pesticides varied over time. Different risk patterns by birth cohort suggest the potential importance of timing of exposure in thyroid cancer risk. Further evaluation of these associations is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C Lerro
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Hilde Langseth
- Department of Research, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom K Grimsrud
- Department of Research, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lawrence S Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hyoyoung Choo-Wosoba
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Paul Albert
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Mary H Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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