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Zhou W, Zhan L, Xu H, Zhang L. Structural Alteration of Gut Microbiota During the Amelioration of Chronic Psychological Stress-Aggravated Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Decline by a Traditional Chinese Herbal Formula, ZiBu PiYin Recipe. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:1465-1483. [PMID: 36278351 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic psychological stress (PS) hinders the treatment of diabetes-associated cognitive decline (DACD). However, the impact of chronic PS on the risk of developing DACD remains unclear. There is growing evidence that gut flora interventions are promising targets for treating stress-related diseases. OBJECTIVE We examined whether chronic PS triggers or exacerbates the onset of DACD in rats and aimed to elucidate whether ZiBuPiYin recipe (ZBPYR) prevents and treats chronic PS-aggravated DACD by dynamically maintaining the components of the gut microbiota. METHODS We performed chronic PS (restraint, rotation, and congestion) on ZDF rats to establish a model. Cognitive function was evaluated by behavioral experiments, and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis was detected by ELISA. Weekly feces from rats were collected for 16 S RNA sequencing. RESULTS We found that chronic PS promoted cognitive abnormalities and exacerbated DACD phenotypes. Additionally, chronic PS altered intestinal flora diversity, dynamically elevating the abundance of Alistipes and Coprococcus; enriching Module 1 (Dorea, Blautia, Ruminococcus) and Module 48 (Blautia); and inhibiting Module 20 (Lactobacillus, SMB53), and Module 42 (Akkermansia). ZBPYR significantly alleviated hyperglycemia and cognitive impairment in chronic PS-aggravated DACD rats and dynamically reduced the abundance of Alistipes and Coprococcus; significantly enriched Module 3 (Ruminococcus) and Module 45 (Lactobacillus, Coprococcus, SMB53); and suppressed Module 2 (Lactobacillus), Module 16 (Turicibacter, Trichococcus, Lactobacillus, 02d06, Clostridium), Module 23 (Bifidobacterium), and Module 43 (Clostridium). CONCLUSION ZBPYR might prevent and treat chronic PS-aggravated DACD by dynamically regulating Lactobacillus, Alistipes, and Coprococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Libin Zhan
- Centre for Innovative Engineering Technology in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Huiying Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijing Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Smith KS, Morris MM, Morrow CD, Novak JR, Roberts MD, Frugé AD. Associations between Changes in Fat-Free Mass, Fecal Microbe Diversity, and Mood Disturbance in Young Adults after 10-Weeks of Resistance Training. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122344. [PMID: 36557597 PMCID: PMC9785032 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome contributes to numerous physiological processes in humans, and diet and exercise are known to alter both microbial composition and mood. We sought to explore the effect of a 10-week resistance training (RT) regimen with or without peanut protein supplementation (PPS) in untrained young adults on fecal microbiota and mood disturbance (MD). METHODS Participants were randomized into PPS (n = 25) and control (CTL [no supplement]; n = 24) groups and engaged in supervised, full-body RT twice a week. Measures included body composition, fecal microbe relative abundance, alpha- and beta-diversity from 16 s rRNA gene sequencing with QIIME2 processing, dietary intake at baseline and following the 10-week intervention, and post-intervention MD via the profile of mood states (POMS) questionnaire. Independent samples t-tests were used to determine differences between PPS and CTL groups. Paired samples t-tests investigated differences within groups. RESULTS Our sample was mostly female (69.4%), white (87.8%), normal weight (body mass index 24.6 ± 4.2 kg/m2), and 21 ± 2.0 years old. Shannon index significantly increased from baseline in all participants (p = 0.040), with no between-group differences or pre-post beta-diversity dissimilarities. Changes in Blautia abundance were associated with the positive POMS subscales, Vigor and self-esteem-related-affect (SERA) (rho = -0.451, p = 0.04; rho = -0.487, p = 0.025, respectively). Whole tree phylogeny changes were negatively correlated with SERA and Vigor (rho = -0.475, p = 0.046; rho = -0.582, p = 0.011, respectively) as well as change in bodyfat percentage (rho = -0.608, p = 0.007). Mediation analysis results indicate changes in PD Whole Tree Phylogeny was not a significant mediator of the relationship between change in fat-free mass and total MD. CONCLUSIONS Mood state subscales are associated with changes in microbial taxa and body composition. PD Whole Tree Phylogeny increased following the 10-week RT regimen; further research is warranted to explore how RT-induced changes in microbial diversity are related to changes in body composition and mood disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen S. Smith
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Molly M. Morris
- College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Casey D. Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Josh R. Novak
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | - Andrew Dandridge Frugé
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- College of Nursing, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Wang YL, Wang WK, Wu QC, Zhang F, Li WJ, Li SL, Wang W, Cao ZJ, Yang HJ. In Situ Rumen Degradation Characteristics and Bacterial Colonization of Corn Silages Differing in Ferulic and p-Coumaric Acid Contents. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2269. [PMID: 36422339 PMCID: PMC9695934 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In plant cell wall, ferulic acid (FA) and p-coumaric acid (pCA) are commonly linked with arabinoxylans and lignin through ester and ether bonds. These linkages were deemed to hinder the access of rumen microbes to cell wall polysaccharides. The attachment of rumen microbes to plant cell wall was believed to have profound effects on the rate and the extent of forage digestion in rumen. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bound phenolic acid content and their composition in corn silages on the nutrient degradability, and the composition of the attached bacteria. Following an in situ rumen degradation method, eight representative corn silages with different FA and pCA contents were placed into nylon bags and incubated in the rumens of three matured lactating Holstein cows for 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Corn silage digestibility was assessed by in situ degradation methods. As a result, the effective degradability of dry matter, neutral detergent fibre, and acid detergent fibre were negatively related to the ether-linked FA and pCA, and their ratio in corn silages, suggesting that not only the content and but also the composition of phenolic acids significantly affected the degradation characteristics of corn silages. After 24 h rumen fermentation, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidota were observed as the dominant phyla in the bacterial communities attached to the corn silages. After 72 h rumen fermentation, the rumen degradation of ester-linked FA was much greater than that of ester-linked pCA. The correlation analysis noted that Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-002, Olsenella, Ruminococcus_gauvreauii_group, Acetitomaculum, and Bifidobacterium were negatively related to the initial ether-linked FA content while Prevotella was positively related to the ether-linked FA content and the ratio of pCA to FA. In summary, the present results suggested that the content of ether-linked phenolic acids in plant cell walls exhibited a more profound effect on the pattern of microbial colonization than the fibre content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hong-Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Exercise and/or Genistein Do Not Revert 24-Week High-Fat, High-Sugar Diet-Induced Gut Microbiota Diversity Changes in Male C57BL/6J Adult Mice. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10112221. [PMID: 36363813 PMCID: PMC9693056 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) has been hypothesized to be a potential mediator in the health benefits of exercise and diet. The current literature is focused on the prevention effects of exercise and diet and could benefit from exploring whether these treatments alone or combined can treat obesity via the gut microbiome. This study aimed to explore the effects of genistein, exercise, and their synergistic effect to revert diet-induced obesity and gut microbiota changes. A total of 57 male adult C57BL/6 mice were randomized to 24 weeks of unpurified diet (chow) or a high-fat, high-sugar diet (HFD; 60% fat total energy). After the first 12 weeks, animals on the HFD were randomized into: HFD + chow, HFD, HFD + exercise (HFD + Exe), HFD + genistein (HFD + Gen), and HFD + Exe + Gen. We compared the body weight change between groups after 24 weeks. GM (α-diversity and ß-diversity) was profiled after sequencing the 16S rRNA gene by Illumina MiSeq. HFD + Exe + Gen significantly (p < 0.05) decreased weight gain relative to the HFD with only HFD + chow reverting the body weight change to that of chow. All diets including HFD reduced the GM richness (observed amplicon sequence variants) relative to chow with the HFD + Gen and HFD + Exe resulting in significantly lower phylogenetic diversity compared to the HFD. Data did not support an additive benefit to the GM for HFD + Gen + Exe. HFD + Exe + Gen showed a greater capacity to revert diet-induced obesity in adult male mice, but it was not as effective as switching from HFD to chow. Lifestyle treatment of HFD-induced obesity including exercise and genistein resulted in a reduction in weight gain and GM richness, but switching from HFD to chow had the greatest potential to revert these characteristics toward that of lean controls.
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Yu H, Zhang F, Wen Y, Zheng Z, Chen G, Pan Y, Wu P, Ye Q, Han J, Chen X, Liu C, Shen T. Mechanism of interventional effect and targets of Zhuyu pill in regulating and suppressing colitis and cholestasis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1038188. [PMID: 36408242 PMCID: PMC9666482 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1038188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Zhuyu pill (ZYP) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription composed of two drugs, Coptis chinensis Franch. and Tetradium ruticarpum (A. Jussieu) T. G. Hartley, and is commonly used in the clinical treatment of diseases of the digestive system. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of ZYP on colitis remains unclear. In this study, a colitis rat model was induced with 2,4,6-trinitro-benzenesulfonic acid (TNBS, 100 mg/kg) and treated with ZYP (low dose: 0.6 g/kg, high dose: 1.2 g/kg). Disease activity index, colonic weight index, and weight change ratio were used to evaluate the model and efficacy. LC-MS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to measure differences in fecal metabolism and microorganism population among the control, model, low-dose ZYP, and high-dose ZYP groups. To elucidate the mechanism of interventional effect of ZYP, Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between fecal metabolism and fecal microbial number. High-dose and low-dose ZYP both exhibited significant interventional effects on colitis rat models, and high-dose ZYP produced a better interventional effect compared with low-dose ZYP. Based on a metabolomics test of fecal samples, significantly altered metabolites in the model and high-dose ZYP treatment groups were identified. In total, 492 metabolites were differentially expressed. Additionally, sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene in fecal samples revealed that the high-dose ZYP could improve TNBS-induced fecal microbiota dysbiosis. Ultimately, changes in tryptophan metabolism and Firmicutes and Gammaproteobacteria populations were detected after ZYP treatment in both colitis and cholestasis. Therefore, we conclude that tryptophan metabolism and Firmicutes and Gammaproteobacteria populations are the core targets of the anti-inflammatory effect of ZYP. These findings provide a scientific basis for further investigation of the anti-inflammatory mechanism of ZYP in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fenghua Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueqiang Wen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,Department of Pediatrics, Guang’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guang’an, China
| | - Zhili Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Gaoyang Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingying Pan
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Peijie Wu
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaobo Ye
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Han
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Xiaofeng Chen, ; Chao Liu, ; Tao Shen,
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Xiaofeng Chen, ; Chao Liu, ; Tao Shen,
| | - Tao Shen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Xiaofeng Chen, ; Chao Liu, ; Tao Shen,
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Li J, Lv JL, Cao XY, Zhang HP, Tan YJ, Chu T, Zhao LL, Liu Z, Ren YS. Gut microbiota dysbiosis as an inflammaging condition that regulates obesity-related retinopathy and nephropathy. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1040846. [PMID: 36406423 PMCID: PMC9666733 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1040846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes-specific microvascular disease is a leading cause of blindness, renal failure and nerve damage. Epidemiological data demonstrated that the high morbidity of T2DM occurs as a result of obesity and gradually develops into serious complications. To date, the mechanisms that underlie this observation are still ill-defined. In view of the effect of obesity on the gut microflora, Leprdb/db mice underwent antibiotic treatment and microbiota transplants to modify the gut microbiome to investigate whether microbes are involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and/or diabetic retinopathy (DR). The mouse feces were collected for bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Cytokines including TNF-α, TGF-β1, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-10, and VEGFA were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry, real-time PCR and immunofluorescent assay. Eyes and kidney were collected for histopathological assay. Intestinal permeability was also detected using Evans Blue. The results showed that obesity influenced metabolic variables (including fast/fed glucose, insulin, and triglyceride), retinopathy and nephropathy, and the gut microbiota. Obesity mainly reduced the ratio of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes and influenced relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Spirochetes. Obesity also increased intestinal permeability, metabolic endotoxemia, cytokines, and VEGFA. Microbiota transplants confirm that obesity aggravates retinopathy and nephropathy through the gut microbiota. These findings suggest that obesity exacerbates retinopathy and nephropathy by inducing gut microbiota dysbiosis, which further enhanced intestinal permeability and chronic low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jun-lin Lv
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xin-yue Cao
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Hai-ping Zhang
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu-jun Tan
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Ting Chu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Li-li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Zhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China,*Correspondence: Zhong Liu,
| | - Yu-shan Ren
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China,Yu-shan Ren,
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Chompre G, Sambolin L, Cruz ML, Sanchez R, Rodriguez Y, Rodríguez-Santiago RE, Yamamura Y, Appleyard CB. A one month high fat diet disrupts the gut microbiome and integrity of the colon inducing adiposity and behavioral despair in male Sprague Dawley rats. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11194. [PMID: 36387539 PMCID: PMC9663868 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) is associated with gut microbiome dysfunction and mental disorders. However, the time-dependence as to when this occurs is unclear. We hypothesized that a short-term HFD causes colonic tissue integrity changes resulting in behavioral changes. Rats were fed HFD or low-fat diet (LFD) for a month and gut microbiome, colon, and behavior were evaluated. Behavioral despair was found in the HFD group. Although obesity was absent, the HFD group showed increased percent weight gain, epididymal fat tissue, and leptin expression. Moreover, the HFD group had increased colonic damage, decreased expression of the tight junction proteins, and higher lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in serum. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the HFD group had more Bacteroides and less S24-7 which correlated with the decreased claudin-5. Finally, HFD group showed an increase of microglia percent area, increased astrocytic projections, and decreased phospho-mTOR. In conclusion, HFD consumption in a short period is still sufficient to disrupt gut integrity resulting in LPS infiltration, alterations in the brain, and behavioral despair even in the absence of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Chompre
- Biology and Biotechnology Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Ponce, Puerto Rico
- Basic Sciences Department, Division of Physiology, Ponce Health Sciences University/Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Lubriel Sambolin
- Basic Sciences Department, Division of Pharmacology, Ponce Health Sciences University/Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Myrella L. Cruz
- Basic Sciences Department, Division of Physiology, Ponce Health Sciences University/Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Rafael Sanchez
- AIDS Research Infrastructure Program, Ponce Health Sciences University/Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Yarelis Rodriguez
- Basic Sciences Department, Division of Physiology, Ponce Health Sciences University/Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Ronald E. Rodríguez-Santiago
- AIDS Research Infrastructure Program, Ponce Health Sciences University/Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Yasuhiro Yamamura
- AIDS Research Infrastructure Program, Ponce Health Sciences University/Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Caroline B. Appleyard
- Basic Sciences Department, Division of Physiology, Ponce Health Sciences University/Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico
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Jian Z, Zeng L, Xu T, Sun S, Yan S, Zhao S, Su Z, Ge C, Zhang Y, Jia J, Dou T. The intestinal microbiome associated with lipid metabolism and obesity in humans and animals. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:2915-2930. [PMID: 35882518 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota is considered to play an integral role in maintaining health of host by modulating several physiological functions including nutrition, metabolism and immunity. Accumulated data from human and animal studies indicate that intestinal microbes can affect lipid metabolism in host through various direct and indirect biological mechanisms. These mechanisms include the production of various signalling molecules by the intestinal microbiome, which exert a strong effect on lipid metabolism, bile secretion in the liver, reverse transport of cholesterol and energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. This review discusses the findings of recent studies suggesting an emerging role of intestinal microbiota and its metabolites in regulating lipid metabolism and the association of intestinal microbiota with obesity. Additionally, we discuss the controversies and challenges in this research area. However, intestinal micro-organisms are also affected by some external factors, which in turn influence the regulation of microbial lipid metabolism. Therefore, we also discuss the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, diet structure, exercise and other factors on intestinal microbiological changes and lipid metabolism regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghui Jian
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zeng
- The Chenggong Department, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Taojie Xu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Sun
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixiong Yan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Sumei Zhao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengchang Su
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, College of Computing and Informatics, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Changrong Ge
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjing Jia
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Dou
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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Jin J, Zhou Q, Lan F, Li J, Yang N, Sun C. Microbial composition of egg component and its association with hatchability of laying hens. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:943097. [PMID: 36338054 PMCID: PMC9632351 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.943097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The internal quality of eggs is critical for human consumption and embryonic development. However, microorganisms inside eggs have not been thoroughly investigated for their roles in determining the egg's internal quality. Here, a total of 21 hens were selected from more than 1,000 chickens based on their hatching results and were divided into high- and low-hatchability groups. Then, we collected 72 eggs from these 21 hens to obtain egg whites and yolks, including 54 fresh eggs and 18 eggs after 12 days of incubation. We characterized the microbial composition of egg yolks and whites, the microbial change along incubation, and differences in microbial abundance between the high- and low-hatchability groups. The results indicated that egg whites are not sterile. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla in egg yolk and white. There was a large difference in the microbial composition between egg whites and yolks, and this difference increased after 12 days of incubation. Egg whites have lower microbial diversity than egg yolks owing to the presence of antibacterial substances such as lysozyme in the egg white. After a 12-day incubation, the microbial diversity decreased in egg whites but increased slightly in egg yolks. Meanwhile, the microbes in egg white can migrate to egg yolk during incubation. Additionally, Genus Muribaculaceae was identified as a biomarker in egg yolks incubated for 12 days and was more often detected in healthy groups. On the contrary, more genus Rothia were found in the fresh egg yolk of the low hatchability groups and was considered to have low virulence. These findings shed light on the composition and differences in microbiota between egg yolks and whites and may open new avenues for studying embryonic development in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Congjiao Sun
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Ren X, Sun Y, Guo Q, Liu H, Jiang H, He X, Li X, Shi X, Xiu Z, Dong Y. Ameliorating Effect of the Total Flavonoids of Morus nigra L. on Prediabetic Mice Based on Regulation of Inflammation and Insulin Sensitization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12484-12501. [PMID: 36150176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Prediabetes is a critical stage characterized by insulin resistance. Morus nigra L., an edible plant, is widely used in food and nutritive supplements and exhibits various pharmacological activities; however, its therapeutic effects and mechanisms on prediabetes have rarely been reported. In this research, the major components of total flavonoids of M. nigra L. (TFM) were identified, and TFM treatment was found to reduce prediabetes progressing to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from 93.75 to 18.75%. The microbiota and next-generation sequencing combined with western blotting in vivo and in vitro demonstrated that TFM and its components ameliorated insulin resistance mediated by the suppressor of cytokine signaling and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, which benefited by maintaining intestinal homeostasis and restraining plasma levels of inflammatory factors. This study confirmed the T2DM prevention effect of TFM and revealed the underlying mechanism, setting the stage for the design of functional foods for diabetes prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxiu Ren
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Qinfeng Guo
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Haodong Liu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoshi He
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuan Shi
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhilong Xiu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuesheng Dong
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
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Yu J, Jiang W, Wang S, Liu S, Shi D, Wang H, Chang X. Microencapsulated hawthorn berry polyphenols alleviate exercise fatigue in mice by regulating AMPK signaling pathway and balancing intestinal microflora. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Zhang C, Zhang Y, Zhao T, Mou T, Jing W, Chen J, Hao W, Gu S, Cui M, Sun Y, Wei B. Schisandrin alleviates the cognitive impairment in rats with Alzheimer’s disease by altering the gut microbiota composition to modulate the levels of endogenous metabolites in the plasma, brain, and feces. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:888726. [PMID: 36176456 PMCID: PMC9514097 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.888726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schisandrin is one of the main active compounds isolated from the fruit of Schisandrae chinensis Fructus, which is scientifically proven to have beneficial effects on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) treatment at the cellular and whole organism level. However, the oral availability of schisandrin is very low, thus implying that the underlying mechanism of therapeutic effect on AD treatment is yet to be clarified fully. Therefore, we speculated that the therapeutic effect of schisandrin on AD is mainly by regulating the imbalance of the gut microbiota (GM). In this study, behavioral experiments and H&E staining were used to confirm the pharmacological effects of schisandrin on rats with AD. 16S rDNA gene sequencing and feces, plasma, and brain metabolomics techniques were utilized to investigate the therapeutic effects and the underlying mechanisms of schisandrin on cognitive impairment in rats with AD. The results indicated that schisandrin improved cognitive impairment and hippocampal cell loss in rats. The UPLC-QTOF/MS-based metabolomics studies of the feces, plasma, and brain revealed that 44, 96, and 40 potential biomarkers, respectively, were involved in the treatment mechanism of schisandrin. Schisandrin improved the metabolic imbalance in rats with AD, and the metabolic changes mainly affected the primary bile acid biosynthesis, sphingolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Schisandrin can improve the GM structure disorder and increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the gut of rats with AD. The predictive metagenomics analysis indicated that the altered GM was mainly involved in lipid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and bacterial invasion of epithelial cells. Spearman’s correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between affected bacteria and metabolites in various metabolic pathways. Overall, the data underline that schisandrin improves the cognitive impairment in rats with AD by affecting the composition of the GM community, thus suggesting the potential therapeutic effect of schisandrin on the brain–gut axis in rats with AD at the metabolic level.
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See JRC, Amos D, Wright J, Lamendella R, Santanam N. Synergistic effects of exercise and catalase overexpression on gut microbiome. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:4220-4235. [PMID: 34270161 PMCID: PMC8761204 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Exercise influences metabolic parameters in part by modulating redox stress and as recently suggested, by affecting the gut microbiome. However, whether excess endogenous antioxidant potentiates or interferes with the beneficial effects of exercise on the gut microbiome is not known. A comparison of the gut microbiome of C57Bl6 (C57/WT) mice to the 'stress-less' catalase overexpressing mice models ([Tg(CAT)± ] and Bob-Cat), that were either exercised or remained sedentary, showed differences in both alpha and beta diversity. The significant variation was explained by genotypes along with exercise, suggesting a synergistic relationship between exercise and genotypic traits. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis also revealed differential taxa within the exercised/genotype cohorts in contrast to those within sedentary/genotype cohorts. Functional pathway predictions from PICRUSt2 showed enrichment for the metabolism of short-chain fatty acids, butanoate and propanoate pathways in exercised groups. Spearman correlations between enriched taxa and metabolic parameters showed correlations with body or fat weight in some of the cohorts. However, there were significant correlations of differential taxa among all cohorts against parameters that predict energy metabolism, such as respiratory exchange ratio and energy expenditure. Overall, our study showed that there was a synergistic beneficial influence of antioxidant overexpression and exercise on the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah Amos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School
of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Justin Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Juniata College,
Huntingdon, PA
| | | | - Nalini Santanam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School
of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
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Han L, Fu S, Li J, Liu D, Tan Y. Association between grip strength and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:988566. [PMID: 36091710 PMCID: PMC9458919 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.988566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between grip strength (GS) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been reported by recent epidemiological studies, however, the results of these studies are inconsistent. This meta-analysis was conducted to collect all available data and estimate the risk of NAFLD among people with low GS, as well as the risk of low GS among patients with NAFLD. Methods We systematically searched several literature databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase from inception to March 2022. These observational studies reported the risk of NAFLD among people with low GS and/or the risk of low GS among patients with NAFLD. Qualitative and quantitative information was extracted, statistical heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test, and potential for publication bias was assessed qualitatively by a visual estimate of a funnel plot and quantitatively by calculation of the Begg’s test and the Egger’s test. Results Of the citations, 10 eligible studies involving 76,676 participants met inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis of seven cross-section studies (69,757 participants) showed that people with low GS had increased risk of NAFLD than those with normal GS (summary OR = 3.32, 95% CI: 1.91–5.75). In addition, the meta-analysis of four studies (14,920 participants) reported that the risk of low GS patients with NAFLD was higher than those in normal people (summary OR = 3.31, 95% CI: 2.45–4.47). Conclusion In this meta-analysis, we demonstrated a strong relationship between low GS and NAFLD. We found an increased risk of NAFLD among people with low GS, and an increased risk of lower GS among NAFLD patients. Systematic review registration [www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero], identifier [CRD42022334687].
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shifeng Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianglei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Deliang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuyong Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yuyong Tan,
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Mutalub YB, Abdulwahab M, Mohammed A, Yahkub AM, AL-Mhanna SB, Yusof W, Tang SP, Rasool AHG, Mokhtar SS. Gut Microbiota Modulation as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Foods 2022; 11:2575. [PMID: 36076760 PMCID: PMC9455664 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut harbors microbial ecology that is in a symbiotic relationship with its host and has a vital function in keeping host homeostasis. Inimical alterations in the composition of gut microbiota, known as gut dysbiosis, have been associated with cardiometabolic diseases. Studies have revealed the variation in gut microbiota composition in healthy individuals as compared to the composition of those with cardiometabolic diseases. Perturbation of host-microbial interaction attenuates physiological processes and may incite several cardiometabolic disease pathways. This imbalance contributes to cardiometabolic diseases via metabolism-independent and metabolite-dependent pathways. The aim of this review was to elucidate studies that have demonstrated the complex relationship between the intestinal microbiota as well as their metabolites and the development/progression of cardiometabolic diseases. Furthermore, we systematically itemized the potential therapeutic approaches for cardiometabolic diseases that target gut microbiota and/or their metabolites by following the pathophysiological pathways of disease development. These approaches include the use of diet, prebiotics, and probiotics. With the exposition of the link between gut microbiota and cardiometabolic diseases, the human gut microbiota therefore becomes a potential therapeutic target in the development of novel cardiometabolic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahkub Babatunde Mutalub
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia or
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medical Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi 74027, Nigeria
| | - Monsurat Abdulwahab
- Department of Midwifery, College of Nursing Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital, Bauchi 74027, Nigeria
| | - Alkali Mohammed
- Department of Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi 74027, Nigeria
| | - Aishat Mutalib Yahkub
- College of Medical Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi 74027, Nigeria
| | - Sameer Badri AL-Mhanna
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wardah Yusof
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Suk Peng Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia or
| | - Aida Hanum Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia or
| | - Siti Safiah Mokhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia or
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Proteomic analysis of the effect of high-fat-diet and voluntary physical activity on mouse liver. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273049. [PMID: 35981048 PMCID: PMC9387828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFD), characterized by an abnormal accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes, is closely linked to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and changes in lipogenesis in the liver. The accumulation of hepatic lipids can lead to a range of pathologies from mild steatosis to severe cirrhosis. Endurance exercise is known to ameliorate the adverse health effects of NAFLD. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of voluntary wheel running (VWR) on the metabolic changes in the livers of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD mice and used LC-MS/MS (Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry) to determine whether the tested intervention affected the protein expression profiles of the mouse livers. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: control (CON), high-fat diet sedentary group (HFD), high-fat diet VWR group (HFX). HFX group performed voluntary wheel running into individually cages, given a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Food consumption, body weight, and running distance were measured every week. Using 2D (2-dimensional)-gel electrophoresis, we detected and quantitatively analyzed the protein expression with >2.0-fold change in the livers of HFD-fed mice, HFD-fed exercise (HFX) mice, and chow-fed mice. Body weight was significantly increased in HFD compared to CON (P < 0.05). The 2D-gel electrophoresis analysis indicated that there was a difference between CON and HFD groups, showing 31 increased and 27 decreased spots in the total 302 paired spots in the HFD group compared to CON. The analysis showed 43 increased and 17 decreased spots in the total 258 spots in the HFX group compared to CON. Moreover, 12 weeks of VWR showed an increase of 35 and a decrease of 8 spots in a total of 264 paired spots between HFD and HFX. LC-MS/MS of HFD group revealed that proteins involved in ketogenesis, lipid metabolism, and the metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics were upregulated, whereas detoxifying proteins, mitochondrial precursors, transport proteins, proteasomes, and proteins involved in amino acid metabolism were downregulated. On the other hand, VWR counteracted the protein expression profile of HFD-fed mice by upregulating molecular chaperones, gluconeogenesis-, detoxification-, proteasome-, and energy metabolism-related proteins. This study provided a molecular understanding of the HFD- and exercise-induced protein marker expression and presented the beneficial effects of exercise during pathophysiological conditions.
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Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Tana Isolated from an International Weightlifter Enhances Exercise Performance and Promotes Antifatigue Effects in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163308. [PMID: 36014816 PMCID: PMC9416726 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise causes changes in the gut microbiota, and in turn, the composition of the gut microbiota affects exercise performance. In addition, the supplementation of probiotics is one of the most direct ways to change the gut microbiota. In recent years, the development and application of human-origin probiotics has gradually attracted attention. Therefore, we obtained intestinal Lactiplantibacillus plantarum “Tana” from a gold-medal-winning weightlifter, who has taken part in various international competitions such as the World Championships and the Olympic Games, to investigate the benefits of Tana supplementation for improving exercise performance and promoting antifatigue effects in mice. A total of 40 male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were divided into four groups (10 mice/group): (1) vehicle (0 CFU/mice/day), (2) Tana-1× (6.15 × 107 CFU/mice/day), (3) Tana-2× (1.23 × 108 CFU /mice/day), and (4) Tana-5× (3.09 × 108 CFU/mice/day). After four weeks of Tana supplementation, we found that the grip strength, endurance exercise performance, and glycogen storage in the liver and muscle were significantly improved compared to those in the vehicle group (p < 0.05). In addition, supplementation with Tana had significant effects on fatigue-related biochemical markers; lactate, ammonia, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and creatine kinase (CK) activity were significantly lowered (p < 0.05). We also found that the improved exercise performance and antifatigue benefits were significantly dose-dependent on increasing doses of Tana supplementation (p < 0.05), which increased the abundance and ratio of beneficial bacteria in the gut. Taken together, Tana supplementation for four weeks was effective in improving the gut microbiota, thereby enhancing exercise performance, and had antifatigue effects. Furthermore, supplementation did not cause any physiological or histopathological damage.
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68
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The Effects of Physical Activity on the Gut Microbiota and the Gut–Brain Axis in Preclinical and Human Models: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163293. [PMID: 36014798 PMCID: PMC9413457 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the importance of the gut microbiota (GM) in regulating multiple functions related to host physical health and, more recently, through the gut–brain axis (GBA), mental health. Similarly, the literature on the impact of physical activity (PA), including exercise, on GM and GBA is growing. Therefore, this narrative review summarizes and critically appraises the existing literature that delves into the benefits or adverse effects produced by PA on physical and mental health status through modifications of the GM, highlighting differences and similarities between preclinical and human studies. The same exercise in animal models, whether performed voluntarily or forced, has different effects on the GM, just as, in humans, intense endurance exercise can have a negative influence. In humans and animals, only aerobic PA seems able to modify the composition of the GM, whereas cardiovascular fitness appears related to specific microbial taxa or metabolites that promote a state of physical health. The PA favors bacterial strains that can promote physical performance and that can induce beneficial changes in the brain. Currently, it seems useful to prioritize aerobic activities at a moderate and not prolonged intensity. There may be greater benefits if PA is undertaken from a young age and the effects on the GM seem to gradually disappear when the activity is stopped. The PA produces modifications in the GM that can mediate and induce mental health benefits.
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Marusakova M, Dudik B, Hadova K, Kmecova Z, Kralova E, Krenek P, Bilkova A, Klimas J. Physical activity enhances fecal lactobacilli in rats chronically drinking sweetened cola beverage. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:686-694. [PMID: 35836428 PMCID: PMC9237421 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity have been linked with increased intake of sugar-sweetened beverages. On the other hand, physical activity has been known to lead to weight loss. Therefore, we hypothesized that exercise might influence the Lactobacillus population in fecal microbiota as their changed abundance is often associated with shifts in the physical activity and diet. In our experiment, Wistar rats were allocated into groups with normal feed or added sugar-sweetened beverages with or without access to a running wheel. Interestingly, only a combination of physical activity and sweetened beverage intake was associated with a significant increase in fecal lactobacilli abundance, suggesting a connection between exercise and a rise in lactobacilli abundance. Moreover, physical activity has improved weight-related parameters and led to increased plasma and mRNA adiponectin levels. Ghrelin and leptin plasma levels were unaltered. Taken together, our results demonstrate that effect of physical activity on adiposity even during unhealthy feeding patterns is accompanied by increased lactobacilli abundance in the fecal microbiota population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margareta Marusakova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Boris Dudik
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Hadova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kmecova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Kralova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Krenek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Bilkova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Klimas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Rodriguez Paris V, Wong XYD, Solon-Biet SM, Edwards MC, Aflatounian A, Gilchrist RB, Simpson SJ, Handelsman DJ, Kaakoush NO, Walters KA. The interplay between PCOS pathology and diet on gut microbiota in a mouse model. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2085961. [PMID: 35787106 PMCID: PMC9450977 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2085961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has been implicated in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) pathophysiology. PCOS is a disorder with reproductive, endocrine and metabolic irregularities, and several studies report that PCOS is associated with a decrease in microbial diversity and composition. Diet is an important regulator of the gut microbiome, as alterations in macronutrient composition impact the balance of gut microbial communities. This study investigated the interplay between macronutrient balance and PCOS on the gut microbiome of control and dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced PCOS-like mice exposed to diets that varied in protein (P), carbohydrate (C) and fat (F) content. The amount of dietary P, C and F consumed significantly altered alpha (α) and beta (β) diversity of the gut microbiota of control and PCOS-like mice. However, α-diversity between control and PCOS-like mice on the same diet did not differ significantly. In contrast, β-diversity was significantly altered by PCOS pathology. Further analysis identified an operational taxonomic unit (OTU) within Bacteroides (OTU3) with 99.2% similarity to Bacteroides acidifaciens, which is inversely associated with obesity, to be significantly decreased in PCOS-like mice. Additionally, this study investigated the role of the gut microbiome in the development of PCOS traits, whereby PCOS-like mice were transplanted with healthy fecal microbiota from control mice. Although the PCOS gut microbiome shifted toward that of control mice, PCOS traits were not ameliorated. Overall, these findings demonstrate that while diet exerts a stronger influence over gut microbiota diversity than PCOS pathology, overall gut microbiota composition is affected by PCOS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rodriguez Paris
- Fertility & Research Centre, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia,CONTACT Valentina Rodriguez Paris Fertility & Research Centre, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
| | - Xin Yi Denise Wong
- Fertility & Research Centre, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Melissa C Edwards
- Fertility & Research Centre, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia,ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ali Aflatounian
- Fertility & Research Centre, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert B Gilchrist
- Fertility & Research Centre, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Nadeem O Kaakoush
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kirsty A Walters
- Fertility & Research Centre, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia,ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Yin H, Huang J, Hu M. Moderate-Intensity Exercise Improves Endothelial Function by Altering Gut Microbiome Composition in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. J NIPPON MED SCH 2022; 89:316-327. [PMID: 35768269 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.jnms.2022_89-307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity changes gut microbial ecology and is related to endothelial dysfunction. Although the correlation between gut microbial ecology and endothelial dysfunction has been studied in obese persons, the underlying mechanisms by which exercise enhances endothelial function in this group remain unclear. This study investigated whether exercise improves endothelial function and alters gut microbiome composition in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS Obesity was induced by an HFD for 11 weeks. Whole-body composition and endothelium-dependent relaxation of mesenteric arteries were measured. Blood biochemical tests were performed, and gut microbiomes were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing on an Illumina HiSeq platform. RESULTS Exercise training for 8 weeks improved body composition in HFD-fed rats. Furthermore, compared with the untrained/HFD group, aerobic exercise significantly increased acetylcholine-induced, endothelium-dependent relaxation in mesenteric arteries (P < 0.05) and circulating vascular endothelial growth factor levels (P < 0.01) and decreased circulating C-reactive protein levels (P < 0.05). In addition, exercise and HFD resulted in alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome; exercise reduced the relative abundance of Clostridiales and Romboutsia. Moreover, 12 species of bacteria, including Romboutsia, were significantly associated with parameters of endothelial function in the overall sample. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that aerobic exercise enhances endothelial function in HFD-fed rats by altering the composition of the gut microbiota. These findings provide new insights on the application of physical exercise for improving endothelial function in obese persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Yin
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sports and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University
| | - Junhao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sports and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University
| | - Min Hu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport.,Department of Sports and Health, Guangzhou Sport University
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Park SS, Kim TW, Kim BK, Kim SH, Park JS, Shin MS. The effects of exercise and diet on mental status, insulin signaling pathway, and microbiome in obese mice. J Exerc Rehabil 2022; 18:171-178. [PMID: 35846233 PMCID: PMC9271650 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2244278.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise and diet on mental status, insulin signaling pathway, serotonin synthesis, and microbiome in high-fat-induced obesity mice. Before the start of this experiment, obesity groups made obese mice by administering a high-fat diet containing 60% fat for 12 weeks. In the obesity with exercise group, after a high-fat diet for 12 weeks, exercise was performed with high-fat diet for 8 weeks. In the obesity with diet group, a high-fat diet for 12 weeks followed by a normal diet for 8 weeks. Depression and anxiety were determined by open field test and elevated plus maze test. Immunohistochemistry for tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) in the dorsal raphe, western blot analysis for phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-ATK), total AKT (t-AKT), phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (p-PI3K), and total PI3K (t-PI3K) in the hippocampus were performed. Analysis of microbiome was also conducted. Obesity-induced depression and anxiety status, suppressed ratio of p-AKT/t-AKT and p-PI3K/t-PI3K, and inhibited TPH synthesis. Exercise and diet improved depression and anxiety status, activated p-AKT/t-AKT and p-PI3K/t-PI3K, and increased TPH synthesis. Exercise and diet improved depression and anxiety status by increasing the insulin signaling pathway and promoting serotonin production. These effects of exercise and diet were almost similar. In addition, exercise and diet regulated the composition of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Seo Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Woon Kim
- Department of Human Health Care, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Bo-Kyun Kim
- Department of Emergency Technology, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- College of Culture and Sports, Division of Global Sport Studies, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Jong-Suk Park
- College of Culture and Sports, Division of Global Sport Studies, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Mal-Soon Shin
- College of Culture and Sports, Division of Global Sport Studies, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
- Corresponding author: Mal-Soon Shin, College of Culture and Sports, Division of Global Sport Studies, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Korea,
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Acute exposure to simulated high-altitude hypoxia alters gut microbiota in mice. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:412. [PMID: 35731330 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota bears adaptive potential to different environments, but little is known regarding its responses to acute high-altitude exposure. This study aimed to evaluate the microbial changes after acute exposure to simulated high-altitude hypoxia. C57BL/6 J mice were divided into hypoxia and normoxia groups. The hypoxia group was exposed to a simulated altitude of 5500 m for 24 h above sea level. The normoxia group was maintained in low altitude of 10 m above sea level. Colonic microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA V4 gene sequencing. Compared with the normoxia group, Shannon, Simpson and Akkermansia were significantly increased, while Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio and Bifidobacterium were significantly decreased in the hypoxia group. The hypoxia group exhibited lower mobile element containing and higher potentially pathogenic and stress-tolerant phenotypes than those in the normoxia group. Functional analysis indicated that environmental information processing was significantly lower, metabolism, cellular processes and organismal systems were significantly higher in the hypoxia group than those in the normoxia group. In conclusion, acute exposure to simulated high-altitude hypoxia alters gut microbiota diversity and composition, which may provide a potential target to alleviate acute high-altitude diseases.
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74
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Diet Is a Stronger Covariate than Exercise in Determining Gut Microbial Richness and Diversity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122507. [PMID: 35745235 PMCID: PMC9229834 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a common metabolic disorder caused by a sedentary lifestyle, and a high-fat and a high-glucose diet in the form of fast foods. High-fat diet-induced obesity is a major cause of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, whereas exercise and physical activity can ameliorate these disorders. Moreover, exercise and the gut microbiota are known to be interconnected, since exercise can increase the gut microbial diversity and contribute to the beneficial health effects. In this context, we analyzed the effect of diet and exercise on the gut microbiota of mice, by next-generation sequencing of the bacterial V4 region of 16S rRNA. Briefly, mice were divided into four groups: chow-diet (CD), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet + exercise (HFX), and exercise-only (EX). The mice underwent treadmill exercise and diet intervention for 8 weeks, followed by the collection of their feces and DNA extraction for sequencing. The data were analyzed using the QIIME 2 bioinformatics platform and R software to assess their gut microbial composition, richness, and diversity. The Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio was found to be decreased manifold in the HFD and HFX groups compared to the CD and EX groups. The gut microbial richness was comparatively lower in the HFD and HFX groups and higher in the CD and EX groups (ACE, Chao1, and observed OTUs). However, the Shannon alpha diversity index was higher in the HFD and HFX groups than in the CD and EX groups. The beta diversity based on Jaccard, Bray-Curtis, and weighted UniFrac distance metrics was significant among the groups, as measured by PERMANOVA. Paraprevotella, Desulfovibrio, and Lactococcus were the differentially abundant/present genera based on the intervention groups and in addition to these three bacteria, Butyricimonas and Desulfovibrio C21c20 were differentially abundant/present based on diet. Hence, diet significantly contributed to the majority of the changes in the gut microbiota.
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75
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How Diet and Physical Activity Modulate Gut Microbiota: Evidence, and Perspectives. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122456. [PMID: 35745186 PMCID: PMC9227967 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays a significant role in the maintenance of physiological homeostasis, contributing to human health. Nevertheless, some factors (sex, age, lifestyle, physical activity, drug-based therapies, diet, etc.) affect its composition and functionality, linked to pathologies and immunological diseases. Concerning diet, it interacts with microorganisms, leading to beneficial or detrimental outcomes for the health of host. On the other hand, physical activity is known to be useful for preventing and, sometimes, treating several diseases of cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, respiratory, and muscular systems. This paper focuses on diet and physical activity presenting the current knowledge about how different diets (Western, ketogenic, vegan, gluten free, Mediterranean) as well as different types of exercise (intensive, endurance, aerobic) could shape gut microbiota.
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76
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Giron M, Thomas M, Dardevet D, Chassard C, Savary-Auzeloux I. Gut microbes and muscle function: can probiotics make our muscles stronger? J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1460-1476. [PMID: 35278043 PMCID: PMC9178375 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that gut microbiota composition and diversity can be a determinant of skeletal muscle metabolism and functionality. This is true in catabolic (sarcopenia and cachexia) or anabolic (exercise or in athletes) situations. As gut microbiota is known to be causal in the development and worsening of metabolic dysregulation phenotypes such as obesity or insulin resistance, it can regulate, at least partially, skeletal muscle mass and function. Skeletal muscles are physiologically far from the gut. Signals generated by the gut due to its interaction with the gut microbiome (microbial metabolites, gut peptides, lipopolysaccharides, and interleukins) constitute links between gut microbiota activity and skeletal muscle and regulate muscle functionality via modulation of systemic/tissue inflammation as well as insulin sensitivity. The probiotics able to limit sarcopenia and cachexia or promote health performances in rodents are mainly lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. In humans, the same bacteria have been tested, but the scarcity of the studies, the variability of the populations, and the difficulty to measure accurately and with high reproducibility muscle mass and function have not allowed to highlight specific strains able to optimize muscle mass and function. Further studies are required on more defined population, in order to design personalized nutrition. For elderly, testing the efficiency of probiotics according to the degree of frailty, nutritional state, or degree of sarcopenia before supplementation is essential. For exercise, selection of probiotics capable to be efficient in recreational and/or elite athletes, resistance, and/or endurance exercise would also require further attention. Ultimately, a combination of strategies capable to optimize muscle functionality, including bacteria (new microbes, bacterial ecosystems, or mix, more prone to colonize a specific gut ecosystem) associated with prebiotics and other 'traditional' supplements known to stimulate muscle anabolism (e.g. proteins), could be the best way to preserve muscle functionality in healthy individuals at all ages or patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Giron
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE UMR1319, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,INRAE UMR0545, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur le Fromage, Aurillac, France
| | - Muriel Thomas
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE UMR1319, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Hou K, Zhang S, Wu Z, Zhu D, Chen F, Lei ZN, Liu W, Xiao C, Chen ZS. Reconstruction of intestinal microecology of type 2 diabetes by fecal microbiota transplantation: Why and how. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2022; 22:315-325. [PMID: 34761734 PMCID: PMC9162745 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2021.6323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance. Mounting evidence has correlated T2D to alterations in the composition of gut microbiota. Accordingly, targeting the gut microbiota has become an emerging strategy for T2D management. The aim of this article is to get a better insight into the rationale for targeting gut microbiota in T2D treatment. Thus, we herein reviewed the change of gut microbiota composition in T2D, factors shaping gut microbiota, and potential mechanisms behind the contribution of gut microbiota to T2D pathogenesis. At present, it has become possible to use intestinal microorganism capsules, bacteria liquid, and other preparations to carry out fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment and intervention of T2D with insulin resistance and immune-mediated type 1 diabetes (T1D).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijian Hou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zezhen Wu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengwu Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zi-Ning Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, USA
| | - Weiting Liu
- Department of Teaching and Research Section, College of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Weiting Liu, College of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 350, Longzihu Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chuanxing Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Corresponding authors: Chuanxing Xiao, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Huatuo Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, USA
- Zhe-Sheng Chen, Institute for Biotechnology, St. John’s University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, New York, NY, USA
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Zhang S, Zhong R, Tang S, Han H, Chen L, Zhang H. Baicalin Alleviates Short-Term Lincomycin-Induced Intestinal and Liver Injury and Inflammation in Infant Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116072. [PMID: 35682750 PMCID: PMC9181170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The adverse effects of short-term megadose of antibiotics exposure on the gastrointestinal and liver tissue reactions in young children have been reported. Antibiotic-induced intestinal and liver reactions are usually unpredictable and present a poorly understood pathogenesis. It is, therefore, necessary to develop strategies for reducing the adverse effects of antibiotics. Studies on the harm and rescue measures of antibiotics from the perspective of the gut–liver system are lacking. Here, we demonstrate that lincomycin exposure reduced body weight, disrupted the composition of gut microbiota and intestinal morphology, triggered immune-mediated injury and inflammation, caused liver dysfunction, and affected lipid metabolism. However, baicalin administration attenuated the lincomycin-induced changes. Transcriptome analysis showed that baicalin improved immunity in mice, as evidenced by the decreased levels of intestinal inflammatory cytokines and expression of genes that regulate Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell differentiation, and inhibited mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis pathways. In addition, baicalin improved liver function by upregulating the expression of genes involved in bile acid secretion and lipid degradation, and downregulating genes involved in lipid synthesis in lincomycin-treated mice. Bile acids can regulate intestinal immunity and strengthen hepatoenteric circulation. In addition, baicalin also improved anti-inflammatory bacteria abundance (Blautia and Coprobacillus) and reduced pathogenic bacteria abundance (Proteobacteria, Klebsiella, and Citrobacter) in lincomycin-treated mice. Thus, baicalin can ameliorate antibiotic-induced injury and its associated complications such as liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Liang Chen
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-10-6281-8910 (L.C.); Fax: +86-10-6281-6013 (H.Z.)
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-10-6281-8910 (L.C.); Fax: +86-10-6281-6013 (H.Z.)
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Different Exercise Intensity Associates with Varied Disease Biomarkers of Guts-Microbiome Genera Change in Rats: Preliminary Study. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.2.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome, a community of microorganisms in the body, is currently used as a biomarker in many disease prognoses. Prevotella, Turicibacte, Bacteroides, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes are frequently used as a biomarker for rheumatoid arthritis, colorectal cancer, and obesity in ordered. The amount of gut microbiota can be changed depending on various factors such as diet, lifestyle, and exercise. However, there is unclear on how the exercise is really effective to be a disease prevention. The present study aims to investigate the different exercise intensities on gut microbiome abundance changes that could be used as a disease biomarker. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were arranged (n=6 per group) into 3 exercise intensity levels on treadmills including non-exercise group, high -exercise group (20 – 25 m/min for 60 min), and light-exercise group (10 – 15 m/min for 60 min). Rats were weighted every 2 days and stools were collected and preserved in DNA/RNA shield each week. The bacterial 16S rDNA of microbiome in feces samples was sequenced and analyzed. After week eighth of the interventions, from operational taxonomic unit (OTUs) abundance, we found that the relative abundance in bacterial genera in Prevotella and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes were significantly correlated with the experiment timepoints in different exercise intensities (Pearson’s correlation, P<0.05) compare to other genera. The exercise intensities and exercise durations can affect the relative abundance in the bacteria genus which the abundance genus Prevotella and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes could be used as a new standard biomarker in exercise as a disease prevention and exercise prescriptions. From the funding limitations, we could conclude the research results based on our data and statistic. Future research should utilize a longer investigation period.
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80
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Beneficial Effects of Linseed Supplementation on Gut Mucosa-Associated Microbiota in a Physically Active Mouse Model of Crohn's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115891. [PMID: 35682570 PMCID: PMC9180845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Western diet, rich in lipids and in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), favors gut dysbiosis observed in Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of this study was to assess the effects of rebalancing the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in CEABAC10 transgenic mice that mimic CD. Mice in individual cages with running wheels were randomized in three diet groups for 12 weeks: high-fat diet (HFD), HFD + linseed oil (HFD-LS-O) and HFD + extruded linseed (HFD-LS-E). Then, they were orally challenged once with the Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) LF82 pathobiont. After 12 weeks of diet, total energy intake, body composition, and intestinal permeability were not different between groups. After the AIEC-induced intestinal inflammation, fecal lipocalin-2 concentration was lower at day 6 in n-3 PUFAs supplementation groups (HFD-LS-O and HFD-LS-E) compared to HFD. Analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota showed that the abundance of Prevotella, Paraprevotella, Ruminococcus, and Clostridiales was higher in the HFD-LS-E group. Butyrate levels were higher in the HFD-LS-E group and correlated with the Firmicutes/Proteobacteria ratio. This study demonstrates that extruded linseed supplementation had a beneficial health effect in a physically active mouse model of CD susceptibility. Additional studies are required to better decipher the matrix influence in the linseed supplementation effect.
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81
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Sun S, Lei OK, Nie J, Shi Q, Xu Y, Kong Z. Effects of Low-Carbohydrate Diet and Exercise Training on Gut Microbiota. Front Nutr 2022; 9:884550. [PMID: 35592627 PMCID: PMC9110973 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.884550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThis study was aimed to evaluate the effects of low-carbohydrate diet (LC) and incorporated high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on gut microbiota, and the associations between changes in gut microbiota and cardiometabolic health-related profiles.MethodsFifty overweight/obese Chinese females (age 22.2 ± 3.3 years, body mass index 25.1 ± 3.1 kg/m–2) were randomized to the groups of LC, LC and HIIT (LC-HIIT, 10 repetitions of 6-s sprints and 9-s rest), and LC and MICT group (LC-MICT, cycling at 50–60% V̇O2peak for 30 min). The LC-HIIT and LC-MICT experienced 20 training sessions over 4 weeks.ResultsThe 4-week LC intervention with/without additional training failed to change the Shannon, Chao 1, and Simpson indexes (p > 0.05), LC increased Phascolarctobacterium genus, and LC-HIIT reduced Bifidobacterium genus after intervention (p < 0.05). Groups with extra exercise training increased short-chain fatty acid-producing Blautia genus (p < 0.05) and reduced type 2 diabetes-related genus Alistipes (p < 0.05) compared to LC. Sutterella (r = −0.335) and Enterobacter (r = 0.334) were associated with changes in body composition (p < 0.05). Changes in Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Roseburia genera were positively associated with blood pressure (BP) changes (r = 0.392–0.445, p < 0.05), whereas the changes in Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, and Parabacteroides genera were negatively associated with BP changes (r = −0.567 to −0.362, p < 0.05).ConclusionLC intervention did not change the α-diversity and overall structure of gut microbiota. Combining LC with exercise training may have additional benefits on gut physiology. Specific microbial genera were associated with LC- and exercise-induced regulation of cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyan Sun
- Institute of Physical Education, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - On Kei Lei
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jinlei Nie
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Qingde Shi
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- College of Physical Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaowei Kong
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaowei Kong,
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82
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Crocetin Prolongs Recovery Period of DSS-Induced Colitis via Altering Intestinal Microbiome and Increasing Intestinal Permeability. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073832. [PMID: 35409192 PMCID: PMC8998954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Crocetin is one of the major active constituents of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) which has a reputation for facilitating blood circulation and dispersing blood stasis in traditional Chinese medicine. However, there is little evidence showing the relationship between crocetin intake and the risk of gastrointestinal diseases such as colitis. In order to investigate the effect of crocetin on the regulation of intestinal barrier function and intestinal microbiota composition, mice were treated with crocetin after 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) administration for one week. We found that crocetin intake at 10 mg/kg aggravated colitis in mice, showing increased weight loss and more serious histological abnormalities compared with the DSS group. The 16s rDNA sequencing analysis of the feces samples showed that mice treated with 10 mg/kg crocetin had lower species diversity and richness than those treated with DSS. At the genus level, a higher abundance of Akkermansia and Mediterraneibacter, and a lower abundance of Muribaculaceae, Dubosiella, Paramuribaculum, Parasutterella, Allobaculum, Duncaniella, Candidatus Stoquefichus, and Coriobacteriaceae UCG-002 were observed in the crocetin group. Untargeted metabolomic analyses revealed that crocetin reduced the levels of primary and secondary bile acids such as 12-ketodeoxycholic acid, 7-ketodeoxycholic acid, 3-sulfodeoxycholic acid, 6-ethylchenodeoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholate, glycochenodeoxycholate-7-sulfate, glycocholate, and sulfolithocholic acid in the colon. In conclusion, crocetin intake disturbed intestinal homeostasis and prolonged recovery of colitis by promoting inflammation and altering gut microbiota composition and its metabolic products in mice. Our findings suggest that patients with gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease should use crocetin with caution.
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83
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Rodriguez J, Neyrinck AM, Van Kerckhoven M, Gianfrancesco MA, Renguet E, Bertrand L, Cani PD, Lanthier N, Cnop M, Paquot N, Thissen JP, Bindels LB, Delzenne NM. Physical activity enhances the improvement of body mass index and metabolism by inulin: a multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial performed in obese individuals. BMC Med 2022; 20:110. [PMID: 35351144 PMCID: PMC8966292 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary interventions targeting the gut microbiota have been proposed as innovative strategies to improve obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Increasing physical activity (PA) is considered as a key behavioral change for improving health. We have tested the hypothesis that changing the PA status during a nutritional intervention based on prebiotic supplementation can alter or even change the metabolic response to the prebiotic. We confirm in obese subjects and in high-fat diet fed mice that performing PA in parallel to a prebiotic supplementation is necessary to observe metabolic improvements upon inulin. METHODS A randomized, single-blinded, multicentric, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in obese participants who received 16 g/day native inulin versus maltodextrin, coupled to dietary advice to consume inulin-rich versus -poor vegetables for 3 months, respectively, in addition to dietary caloric restriction. Primary outcomes concern the changes on the gut microbiota composition, and secondary outcomes are related to the measures of anthropometric and metabolic parameters, as well as the evaluation of PA. Among the 106 patients who completed the study, 61 patients filled a questionnaire for PA before and after intervention (placebo: n = 31, prebiotic: n = 30). Except the dietitian (who provided dietary advices and recipes book), all participants and research staff were blinded to the treatments and no advices related to PA were given to participants in order to change their habits. In parallel, a preclinical study was designed combining both inulin supplementation and voluntary exercise in a model of diet-induced obesity in mice. RESULTS Obese subjects who increased PA during a 3 months intervention with inulin-enriched diet exhibited several clinical improvements such as reduced BMI (- 1.6 kg/m2), decreased liver enzymes and plasma cholesterol, and improved glucose tolerance. Interestingly, the regulations of Bifidobacterium, Dialister, and Catenibacterium genera by inulin were only significant when participants exercised more. In obese mice, we highlighted a greater gut fermentation of inulin and improved glucose homeostasis when PA is combined with prebiotics. CONCLUSION We conclude that PA level is an important determinant of the success of a dietary intervention targeting the gut microbiota. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03852069 (February 22, 2019 retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rodriguez
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey M Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maxime Van Kerckhoven
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marco A Gianfrancesco
- Laboratory of Diabetology, Nutrition and Metabolic Disease, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Edith Renguet
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,WELBIO- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Lanthier
- Laboratory of Hepatogastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, and Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Paquot
- Laboratory of Diabetology, Nutrition and Metabolic Disease, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Thissen
- Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure B Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Lin J, Yang Q, Guo J, Li M, Hao Z, He J, Li J. Gut Microbiome Alterations and Hepatic Metabolic Flexibility in the Gansu Zokor, Eospalax cansus: Adaptation to Hypoxic Niches. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:814076. [PMID: 35402538 PMCID: PMC8984292 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.814076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gansu zokor (Eospalax cansus), a typical subterranean rodent endemic to the Chinese Loess Plateau, spends almost its whole life in its self-constructed underground burrows and has strong adaptability to ambient hypoxia. Energy adaptation is the key to supporting hypoxia tolerance, and recent studies have shown that the intestinal microbiota has an evident effect on energy metabolism. However, how the gut microbiome of Gansu zokor will change in response to hypoxia and the metabolic role played by the microbiome have not been reported. Thus, we exposed Gansu zokors to severe hypoxia of 6.5% of O2 (6 or 44 h) or moderate hypoxia of 10.5% of O2 (44 h or 4 weeks), and then analyzed 16S rRNA sequencing, metagenomic sequencing, metagenomic binning, liver carbohydrate metabolites, and the related molecular levels. Our results showed that the hypoxia altered the microbiota composition of Gansu zokor, and the relative contribution of Ileibacterium to carbohydrate metabolism became increased under hypoxia, such as glycolysis and fructose metabolism. Furthermore, Gansu zokor liver enhanced carbohydrate metabolism under the short-term (6 or 44 h) hypoxia but it was suppressed under the long-term (4 weeks) hypoxia. Interestingly, under all hypoxia conditions, Gansu zokor liver exhibited enhanced fructose-driven metabolism through increased expression of the GLUT5 fructose transporter, ketohexokinase (KHK), aldolase B (ALDOB), and aldolase C (ALDOC), as well as increased KHK enzymatic activity and fructose utilization. Overall, our results suggest that the altered gut microbiota mediates the carbohydrate metabolic pattern under hypoxia, possibly contributing to the hepatic metabolic flexibility in Gansu zokor, which leads to better adaptation to hypoxic environments.
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The Relationship between Physical Activity, Physical Exercise, and Human Gut Microbiota in Healthy and Unhealthy Subjects: A Systematic Review. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030479. [PMID: 35336852 PMCID: PMC8945171 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary To date, the influence that physical activity (PA)/physical exercise (PE) can exert on the human gut microbiota (GM) is still poorly understood. Several issues arise in structuring research in this area, starting from the association between PA/PE and diet. Indeed, the diet of an individual is a key factor for the composition of the GM and those who regularly practice PA/PE, generally, have dietary patterns favorable to the creation of an ideal environment for the proliferation of a GM capable of contributing to the host’s health. It is therefore difficult to establish with certainty whether the effects generated on the GM are due to a PA protocol, the type of diet followed, or to both. In addition, most of the available studies use animal models to investigate a possible correlation between PA/PE and changes in the GM, which may be not necessarily applied to humans. Evidence suggests that aerobic PA/PE seems capable of producing significant changes in GM; training parameters, likewise, can differentially influence the GM in young or elderly people and these changes appear to be transient and reversible. Abstract Several studies have been conducted to find at least an association between physical activity (PA)/ physical exercise (PE) and the possibility to modulate the gut microbiome (GM). However, the specific effects produced on the human GM by different types of PA/PE, different training modalities, and their age-related effects are not yet fully understood. Therefore, this systematic review aims to evaluate and summarize the current scientific evidence investigating the bi-directional relationship between PA/PE and the human GM, with a specific focus on the different types/variables of PA/PE and age-related effects, in healthy and unhealthy people. A systematic search was conducted across four databases (Web of Science, Medline (PubMed), Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library). Information was extracted using the populations, exposure, intervention, comparison, outcomes (PICOS) format. The Oxford Quality Scoring System Scale, the Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool, and the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies were used as a qualitative measure of the review. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42022302725). The following data items were extracted: author, year of publication, study design, number and age of participants, type of PA/PE carried out, protocol/workload and diet assessment, duration of intervention, measurement tools used, and main outcomes. Two team authors reviewed 694 abstracts for inclusion and at the end of the screening process, only 76 full texts were analyzed. Lastly, only 25 research articles met the eligibility criteria. The synthesis of these findings suggests that GM diversity is associated with aerobic exercise contrary to resistance training; abundance of Prevotella genus seems to be correlated with training duration; no significant change in GM richness and diversity are detected when exercising according to the minimum dose recommended by the World Health Organizations; intense and prolonged PE can induce a higher abundance of pro-inflammatory bacteria; PA does not lead to significant GM α/β-diversity in elderly people (60+ years). The heterogeneity of the training parameters used in the studies, diet control, and different sequencing methods are the main confounders. Thus, this systematic review can provide an in-depth overview of the relationship between PA/PE and the human intestinal microbiota and, at the same time, provide indications from the athletic and health perspective.
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86
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Wei Z, Li F, Pi G. Association Between Gut Microbiota and Osteoarthritis: A Review of Evidence for Potential Mechanisms and Therapeutics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:812596. [PMID: 35372125 PMCID: PMC8966131 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.812596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial joint disease characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage, which leads to joints pain, disability and reduced quality of life in patients with OA. Interpreting the potential mechanisms underlying OA pathogenesis is crucial to the development of new disease modifying treatments. Although multiple factors contribute to the initiation and progression of OA, gut microbiota has gradually been regarded as an important pathogenic factor in the development of OA. Gut microbiota can be regarded as a multifunctional “organ”, closely related to a series of immune, metabolic and neurological functions. This review summarized research evidences supporting the correlation between gut microbiota and OA, and interpreted the potential mechanisms underlying the correlation from four aspects: immune system, metabolism, gut-brain axis and gut microbiota modulation. Future research should focus on whether there are specific gut microbiota composition or even specific pathogens and the corresponding signaling pathways that contribute to the initiation and progression of OA, and validate the potential of targeting gut microbiota for the treatment of patients with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feng Li
- *Correspondence: Feng Li, ; Guofu Pi,
| | - Guofu Pi
- *Correspondence: Feng Li, ; Guofu Pi,
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87
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The Combination of Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase Treatment with Moderate Physical Activity Alleviates the Severity of Experimental Colitis in Obese Mice via Modulation of Gut Microbiota, Attenuation of Proinflammatory Cytokines, Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and DNA Oxidative Damage in Colonic Mucosa. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062964. [PMID: 35328382 PMCID: PMC8955215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are commonly considered as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, but the possibility that the alterations in gut microbiota and oxidative stress may affect the course of experimental colitis in obese physically exercising mice treated with the intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) has been little elucidated. Mice fed a high-fat-diet (HFD) or normal diet (ND) for 14 weeks were randomly assigned to exercise on spinning wheels (SW) for 7 weeks and treated with IAP followed by intrarectal administration of TNBS. The disease activity index (DAI), grip muscle strength test, oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, SOD, GSH), DNA damage (8-OHdG), the plasma levels of cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17a, TNF-α, MCP-1 and leptin were assessed, and the stool composition of the intestinal microbiota was determined by next generation sequencing (NGS). The TNBS-induced colitis was worsened in obese sedentary mice as manifested by severe colonic damage, an increase in DAI, oxidative stress biomarkers, DNA damage and decreased muscle strength. The longer running distance and weight loss was observed in mice given IAP or subjected to IAP + SW compared to sedentary ones. Less heterogeneous microbial composition was noticed in sedentary obese colitis mice and this effect disappeared in IAP + SW mice. Absence of Alistipes, lower proportion of Turicibacter, Proteobacteria and Faecalibacterium, an increase in Firmicutes and Clostridium, a decrease in oxidative stress biomarkers, 8-OHdG content and proinflammatory cytokines were observed in IAP + SW mice. IAP supplementation in combination with moderate physical activity attenuates the severity of murine colitis complicated by obesity through a mechanism involving the downregulation of the intestinal cytokine/chemokine network and oxidative stress, the modulation of the gut microbiota and an improvement of muscle strength.
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Suryani D, Subhan Alfaqih M, Gunadi JW, Sylviana N, Goenawan H, Megantara I, Lesmana R. Type, Intensity, and Duration of Exercise as Regulator of Gut Microbiome Profile. Curr Sports Med Rep 2022; 21:84-91. [PMID: 35245243 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Gut microbiome profile is related to individual health. In metabolic syndrome, there is a change in the gut microbiome profile, indicated by an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. Many studies have been conducted to determine the effect of exercise on modifying the gut microbiome profile. The effectiveness of exercise is influenced by its type, intensity, and duration. Aerobic training decreases splanchnic blood flow and shortens intestinal transit time. High-intensity exercise improves mitochondrial function and increases the essential bacteria in lactate metabolism and urease production. Meanwhile, exercise duration affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. All of these mechanisms are related to each other in producing the effect of exercise on the gut microbiome profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julia Windi Gunadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Bandung, INDONESIA
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Imdad S, Lim W, Kim JH, Kang C. Intertwined Relationship of Mitochondrial Metabolism, Gut Microbiome and Exercise Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052679. [PMID: 35269818 PMCID: PMC8910986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome has emerged as a key player contributing significantly to the human physiology over the past decades. The potential microbial niche is largely unexplored in the context of exercise enhancing capacity and the related mitochondrial functions. Physical exercise can influence the gut microbiota composition and diversity, whereas a sedentary lifestyle in association with dysbiosis can lead to reduced well-being and diseases. Here, we have elucidated the importance of diverse microbiota, which is associated with an individual's fitness, and moreover, its connection with the organelle, the mitochondria, which is the hub of energy production, signaling, and cellular homeostasis. Microbial by-products, such as short-chain fatty acids, are produced during regular exercise that can enhance the mitochondrial capacity. Therefore, exercise can be employed as a therapeutic intervention to circumvent or subside various metabolic and mitochondria-related diseases. Alternatively, the microbiome-mitochondria axis can be targeted to enhance exercise performance. This review furthers our understanding about the influence of microbiome on the functional capacity of the mitochondria and exercise performance, and the interplay between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Imdad
- Molecular Metabolism in Health & Disease, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Research Institute, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Korea
| | - Wonchung Lim
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Korea;
| | - Jin-Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-H.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Chounghun Kang
- Molecular Metabolism in Health & Disease, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Research Institute, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-H.K.); (C.K.)
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The Nutrition-Microbiota-Physical Activity Triad: An Inspiring New Concept for Health and Sports Performance. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050924. [PMID: 35267899 PMCID: PMC8912693 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is currently the focus of converging interest in many diseases and sports performance. This review presents gut microbiota as a real “orchestra conductor” in the host’s physio(patho)logy due to its implications in many aspects of health and disease. Reciprocally, gut microbiota composition and activity are influenced by many different factors, such as diet and physical activity. Literature data have shown that macro- and micro-nutrients influence gut microbiota composition. Cumulative data indicate that gut bacteria are sensitive to modulation by physical activity, as shown by studies using training and hypoactivity models. Sports performance studies have also presented interesting and promising results. Therefore, gut microbiota could be considered a “pivotal” organ for health and sports performance, leading to a new concept: the nutrition-microbiota-physical activity triad. The next challenge for the scientific and medical communities is to test this concept in clinical studies. The long-term aim is to find the best combination of the three elements of this triad to optimize treatments, delay disease onset, or enhance sports performance. The many possibilities offered by biotic supplementation and training modalities open different avenues for future research.
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91
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a challenging disease caused by multiple factors, which may partly explain why it still remains an orphan of adequate therapies. This review highlights the interaction between oxidative stress (OS) and disturbed lipid metabolism. Several reactive oxygen species generators, including those produced in the gastrointestinal tract, contribute to the lipotoxic hepatic (and extrahepatic) damage by fatty acids and a great variety of their biologically active metabolites in a “multiple parallel-hit model”. This leads to inflammation and fibrogenesis and contributes to NAFLD progression. The alterations of the oxidant/antioxidant balance affect also metabolism-related organelles, leading to lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. This OS-induced damage is at least partially counteracted by the physiological antioxidant response. Therefore, modulation of this defense system emerges as an interesting target to prevent NAFLD development and progression. For instance, probiotics, prebiotics, diet, and fecal microbiota transplantation represent new therapeutic approaches targeting the gut microbiota dysbiosis. The OS and its counter-regulation are under the influence of individual genetic and epigenetic factors as well. In the near future, precision medicine taking into consideration genetic or environmental epigenetic risk factors, coupled with new OS biomarkers, will likely assist in noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of NAFLD progression and in further personalizing treatments.
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92
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Zheng C, Chen XK, Tian XY, Ma ACH, Wong SHS. Does the gut microbiota contribute to the antiobesity effect of exercise? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:407-423. [PMID: 35088557 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess gut microbiota modifications after exercise in humans and animal models with obesity or type 2 diabetes and their role in exercise-induced weight loss. METHODS A systematic search of six databases was conducted on July 31, 2021. The extracted data on body fat or body weight from human and animal studies were analyzed using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 28 studies were included, with all studies reporting exercise-induced gut microbiota modifications; however, the modified taxa varied among studies. Proteobacteria was the only taxa reported to be altered by exercise in more than one human and one animal study. Taxa belonging to Firmicutes were the most responsive to exercise in humans and mice, whereas Proteobacteria taxa were the most responsive to exercise in rats. A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the weight-lowering effect of exercise based on data subgrouped by altered or unaltered α-diversity or β-diversity. The association between the weight-lowering effect of exercise and altered β-diversity was observed in humans with obesity but not in animals. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that gut microbiota modifications contribute to exercise-induced weight loss in obesity; however, their precise contributions, especially those of taxon-level variations, remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zheng
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang-Ke Chen
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Yu Tian
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alvin Chun-Hang Ma
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephen Heung-Sang Wong
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China
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93
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Zarei A, Javid H, Sanjarian S, Senemar S, Zarei H. Metagenomics studies for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Prostate 2022; 82:289-297. [PMID: 34855234 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Mutation occurs in the prostate cell genes, leading to abnormal prostate proliferation and ultimately cancer. Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common cancers amongst men, and its prevalence worldwide increases relative to men's age. About 16% of the world's cancers are the result of microbes in the human body. Impaired population balance of symbiosis microbes in the human reproductive system is linked to PC development. DISCUSSION With the advent of metagenomics science, the genome sequence of the microbiota of the human body has been unveiled. Therefore, it is now possible to identify a higher range of microbiome changes in PC tissue via the Next Generation Technique, which will have positive consequences in personalized medicine. In this review, we intend to question the role of metagenomics studies in the diagnosis and treatment of PC. CONCLUSION The microbial imbalance in the men's genital tract might have an effect on prostate health. Based on next-generation sequencing-generated data, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteriodetes are the nine frequent phyla detected in a PC sample, which might be involved in inducing mutation in the prostate cells that cause cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zarei
- Department of Human Genetics, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Fars Branch Institute for Human Genetics Research, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Javid
- Department of Human Genetics, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Fars Branch Institute for Human Genetics Research, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Sanjarian
- Department of Human Genetics, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Fars Branch Institute for Human Genetics Research, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Senemar
- Department of Human Genetics, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Fars Branch Institute for Human Genetics Research, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hanieh Zarei
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Craciun CI, Neag MA, Catinean A, Mitre AO, Rusu A, Bala C, Roman G, Buzoianu AD, Muntean DM, Craciun AE. The Relationships between Gut Microbiota and Diabetes Mellitus, and Treatments for Diabetes Mellitus. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020308. [PMID: 35203519 PMCID: PMC8869176 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is considered to be a global epidemic. The combination of genetic susceptibility and an unhealthy lifestyle is considered to be the main trigger of this metabolic disorder. Recently, there has been increased interest in the roles of gut microbiota as a new potential contributor to this epidemic. Research, in recent years, has contributed to an in-depth characterization of the human microbiome and its associations with various diseases, including metabolic diseases and diabetes mellitus. It is known that diet can change the composition of gut microbiota, but it is unclear how this, in turn, may influence metabolism. The main objective of this review is to evaluate the pathogenetic association between microbiota and diabetes and to explore any new therapeutic agents, including nutraceuticals that may modulate the microbiota. We also look at several mechanisms involved in this process. There is a clear, bidirectional relationship between microbiota and diabetes. Current treatments for diabetes influence microbiota in various ways, some beneficial, but others with still unclear effects. Microbiota-aimed treatments have seen no real-world significant effects on the progression of diabetes and its complications, with more studies needed in order to find a really beneficial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian-Ioan Craciun
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.-I.C.); (A.-D.B.)
| | - Maria-Adriana Neag
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.-I.C.); (A.-D.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Adrian Catinean
- Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Andrei-Otto Mitre
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adriana Rusu
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.R.); (C.B.); (G.R.); (A.-E.C.)
| | - Cornelia Bala
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.R.); (C.B.); (G.R.); (A.-E.C.)
| | - Gabriela Roman
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.R.); (C.B.); (G.R.); (A.-E.C.)
| | - Anca-Dana Buzoianu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.-I.C.); (A.-D.B.)
| | - Dana-Maria Muntean
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Anca-Elena Craciun
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.R.); (C.B.); (G.R.); (A.-E.C.)
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Fukuchi M, Sugita M, Banjo M, Yonekura K, Sasuga Y. The impact of a competitive event and the efficacy of a lactic acid bacteria-fermented soymilk extract on the gut microbiota and urinary metabolites of endurance athletes: An open-label pilot study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262906. [PMID: 35085328 PMCID: PMC8794134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and exercise can alter the gut microbiota, but recent studies have assessed the impact of athletic competition on gut microbiota and host metabolites. We designed an open-label pilot study to investigate the effects of both official competition and a multi-strain lactic acid bacteria-fermented soymilk extract (LEX) on the gut microbiota in Japanese college endurance athletes. The analysis of fecal 16S rRNA metagenome and urinary metabolites was used to identify changes in gut microbiota composition and host metabolism. When the fecal microbiota were investigated before and after a race without using of a supplement (pre-observation period), there was an increase in the phylum Firmicutes and decrease in Bacteroidetes. However, no changes in these phyla were seen before and after a race in those who consumed LEX. Before and after LEX ingestion, changes in urinary metabolites included a significant reduction in yeast and fungal markers, neurotransmitters, and mitochondrial metabolites including the TCA cycle. There were several correlations between urinary metabolites and the composition of fecal microbiota. For example, the level of tricarballylic acid was positively correlated with the composition ratio of phylum Firmicutes (Pearson's r = 0.66; p < 0.01). The bacterial species Parabacteroides distasonis was also found to correlate moderately with several urinary metabolites. These findings suggest two possibilities. First, endurance athletes experience significant fluctuations in gut microbiota after a single competition. Second, LEX ingestion may improve yeast and fungal overgrowth in the gastrointestinal tract and enhancing mitochondrial metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Fukuchi
- Hachioji Center for Research and Development, B&S Corporation Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Banjo
- Faculty of Education, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhiro Sasuga
- Hachioji Center for Research and Development, B&S Corporation Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Identifying ways to deal with the challenges presented by aging is an urgent task, as we are facing an aging society. External factors such as diet, exercise and drug therapy have proven to be major elements in controlling healthy aging and prolonging life expectancy. More recently, the intestinal microbiota has also become a key factor in the anti-aging process. As the intestinal microbiota changes with aging, an imbalance in intestinal microorganisms can lead to many age-related degenerative diseases and unhealthy aging. This paper reviews recent research progress on the relationship between intestinal microorganisms and anti-aging effects, focusing on the changes and beneficial effects of intestinal microorganisms under dietary intervention, exercise and drug intervention. In addition, bacteriotherapy has been used to prevent frailty and unhealthy aging. Most of these anti-aging approaches improve the aging process and age-related diseases by regulating the homeostasis of intestinal flora and promoting a healthy intestinal environment. Intervention practices based on intestinal microorganisms show great potential in the field of anti-aging medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Du
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolan Fan
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Deying Yang
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,CONTACT Mingyao Yang Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan611130, P. R. China
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Ramires LC, Santos GS, Ramires RP, da Fonseca LF, Jeyaraman M, Muthu S, Lana AV, Azzini G, Smith CS, Lana JF. The Association between Gut Microbiota and Osteoarthritis: Does the Disease Begin in the Gut? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1494. [PMID: 35163417 PMCID: PMC8835947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Some say that all diseases begin in the gut. Interestingly, this concept is actually quite old, since it is attributed to the Ancient Greek physician Hippocrates, who proposed the hypothesis nearly 2500 years ago. The continuous breakthroughs in modern medicine have transformed our classic understanding of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and human health. Although the gut microbiota (GMB) has proven to be a core component of human health under standard metabolic conditions, there is now also a strong link connecting the composition and function of the GMB to the development of numerous diseases, especially the ones of musculoskeletal nature. The symbiotic microbes that reside in the gastrointestinal tract are very sensitive to biochemical stimuli and may respond in many different ways depending on the nature of these biological signals. Certain variables such as nutrition and physical modulation can either enhance or disrupt the equilibrium between the various species of gut microbes. In fact, fat-rich diets can cause dysbiosis, which decreases the number of protective bacteria and compromises the integrity of the epithelial barrier in the GIT. Overgrowth of pathogenic microbes then release higher quantities of toxic metabolites into the circulatory system, especially the pro-inflammatory cytokines detected in osteoarthritis (OA), thereby promoting inflammation and the initiation of many disease processes throughout the body. Although many studies link OA with GMB perturbations, further research is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano C. Ramires
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Mãe de Deus Hospital, Porto Alegre 90110-270, RS, Brazil;
| | - Gabriel Silva Santos
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Bone and Cartilage Institute, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (G.A.); (J.F.L.)
| | - Rafaela Pereira Ramires
- Department of Biology, Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Science, Boise State University, 1910 W University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, USA;
| | - Lucas Furtado da Fonseca
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04024-002, SP, Brazil
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul 624304, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Anna Vitória Lana
- Department of Medicine, Max Planck University Center, Indaiatuba 13343-060, SP, Brazil;
| | - Gabriel Azzini
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Bone and Cartilage Institute, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (G.A.); (J.F.L.)
| | - Curtis Scott Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 83703, USA;
| | - José Fábio Lana
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Bone and Cartilage Institute, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (G.A.); (J.F.L.)
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98
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Vijay A, Kouraki A, Gohir S, Turnbull J, Kelly A, Chapman V, Barrett DA, Bulsiewicz WJ, Valdes AM. The anti-inflammatory effect of bacterial short chain fatty acids is partially mediated by endocannabinoids. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1997559. [PMID: 34787065 PMCID: PMC8604388 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1997559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid (EC) system has pleiotropic functions in the body. It plays a key role in energy homeostasis and the development of metabolic disorders being a mediator in the relationship between the gut microbiota and host metabolism. In the current study we explore the functional interactions between the endocannabinoid system and the gut microbiome in modulating inflammatory markers. Using data from a 6 week exercise intervention (treatment n = 38 control n = 40) and a cross sectional validation cohort (n = 35), we measured the associations of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), anandamide (AEA), N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA) and N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) with gut microbiome composition, gut derived metabolites (SCFAs) and inflammatory markers both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. At baseline AEA and OEA were positively associated with alpha diversity (β(SE) = .32 (.06), P = .002; .44 (.04), P < .001) and with SCFA producing bacteria such as Bifidobacterium (2-AG β(SE) = .21 (.10), P < .01; PEA β(SE) = .23 (.08), P < .01), Coprococcus 3 and Faecalibacterium (PEA β(SE) = .29 (.11), P = .01; .25 (.09), P < .01) and negatively associated with Collinsella (AEA β(SE) = -.31 (.12), P = .004). Additionally, we found AEA to be positively associated with SCFA Butyrate (β(SE) = .34 (.15), P = .01). AEA, OEA and PEA all increased significantly with the exercise intervention but remained constant in the control group. Changes in AEA correlated with SCFA butyrate and increases in AEA and PEA correlated with decreases in TNF-ɑ and IL-6 statistically mediating one third of the effect of SCFAs on these cytokines. Our data show that the anti-inflammatory effects of SCFAs are partly mediated by the EC system suggesting that there may be other pathways involved in the modulation of the immune system via the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Vijay
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,CONTACT Amrita Vijay Division of Rheumatology, Orthopedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Afroditi Kouraki
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,Nihr Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sameer Gohir
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,Nihr Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - James Turnbull
- Nihr Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,Arthritis Research Uk Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anthony Kelly
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,Nihr Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Vicky Chapman
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,Arthritis Research Uk Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - David A Barrett
- Nihr Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,DAB-Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Ana M Valdes
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,Nihr Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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99
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Wang J, Zhang Q, Xia J, Sun H. Moderate Treadmill Exercise Modulates Gut Microbiota and Improves Intestinal Barrier in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Mice via the AMPK/CDX2 Signaling Pathway. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:209-223. [PMID: 35087282 PMCID: PMC8789310 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s346007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of moderate treadmill exercise on gut microbiota, expression of proteins associated with gut barrier and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying their role in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. METHODS Six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into standard chow diet control group (SD + Sed, n=6), chow diet exercise group (SD + Exe, n=6), high-fat diet control group (HFD + Sed, n=6) and high-fat diet exercise group (HFD + Exe, n=6). Exercise groups were trained on a motorized treadmill for 45 min/d at running speeds of 12 m/min, 5 days/week, for 12 consecutive weeks. The body weight and fasting blood glucose of the mice were recorded before euthanasia. Thereafter, the mice were sacrificed and the alteration of adipose mass, colonic histopathology, gut microbiome and gut barrier-related molecules were tested. RESULTS It was found that the moderate treadmill exercise prevented the development of adiposity and hyperglycemia and effectively improved the loss of diversity and the relative abundance of intestinal microflora induced by high-fat diet. Moreover, regular exercise reversed the intestinal pathology and elevated the number of goblet cells in obesity. Besides, compared with the sedentary obese mice, the protein expression levels of colonic ZO-1 and occludin were enhanced and AMPK/CDX2 signaling pathway was significantly upregulated in obese mice that underwent exercise. CONCLUSION Long-term moderate treadmill exercise can markedly reduce the degree of obesity, modulate the colonic gut microbiota, and effectively activating AMPK/CDX2 signaling pathway to improve intestinal barrier in obese mice induced by high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People’s Republic of China
- School of Physical Education & Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People’s Republic of China
- School of Physical Education & Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People’s Republic of China
- School of Physical Education & Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiji Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People’s Republic of China
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100
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Wu Y, Zhang D, Duan A, Ao Y, Li S. The application of riboswitch sequencing for human gut bacterial classification and identification. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 169:107409. [PMID: 35063674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria, especially gut bacteria play important roles in human health and diseases. The classification of many bacterial genera by the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) has failed due to its low inter-species resolution. Given the wide distribution of riboswitches in bacteria, they may help 16S rRNA differentiate closely related species. We found that among 28 groups of species that could not be distinguished by 16S rRNA, eight of them could be separated by the TPP riboswitch and other riboswitches. Moreover, the species in the 16S rRNA database and these riboswitch databases overlap, therefore, using riboswitch databases can help 16S rRNA better identify species. In addition, we used Klenow DNA polymerase and a pair of short primers to facilitate the library construction of TPP riboswitches for sequencing. The sequencing results showed that the TPP riboswitch could detect the major phyla similar to those detected by 16S rRNA. Therefore, the TPP riboswitch and other riboswitch classes could potentially be applied to gut bacteria classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Wu
- Medical School, Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, Institute of Genomics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Deying Zhang
- Medical School, Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, Institute of Genomics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510627, P. R. China(2)
| | - Anqi Duan
- Medical School, Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, Institute of Genomics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Yaqi Ao
- Medical School, Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, Institute of Genomics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Sanshu Li
- Medical School, Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, Institute of Genomics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China.
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