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Shen M, Wang S, Wen X, Han XR, Wang YJ, Zhou XM, Zhang MH, Wu DM, Lu J, Zheng YL. RETRACTED: Dexmedetomidine exerts neuroprotective effect via the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in rats with traumatic brain injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:885-893. [PMID: 28903184 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Concern was raised about the reliability of the Western blot results in Figures 3A, 5C and 7A which appear to have a similar phenotype as many other publications, as detailed here: https://pubpeer.com/publications/7D9475A7397928053FFE9442F8E943; and here: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1r0MyIYpagBc58BRF9c3luWNlCX8VUvUuPyYYXzxWvgY/edit#gid=262337249. Several additional suspected image duplication issues were also identified in Figures 3A, 5A, and 7A. The journal requested the corresponding authors comment on these concerns and provide the raw data. The authors were unable to provide a satisfactory explanation or the raw data. The Supervision Committee of the National Natural Science Foundation of China launched an investigation into several papers of Jiangsu Normal University, including this one, and found evidence of "Falsification of pictures or data, fabrication of research process, use of others' signatures without consent, and false information in project final reports", as detailed here: https://www.nsfc.gov.cn/publish/portal0/tab442/info85495.htm. The Academic Committee at Jiangsu Normal University requested retraction of the article. The Editor-in-Chief assessed the case and decided to retract the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shen
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
| | - Shan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
| | - Xin Wen
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
| | - Xin-Rui Han
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
| | - Yong-Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
| | - Xiu-Min Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan 063000, PR China
| | - Man-He Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan 063000, PR China
| | - Dong-Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China.
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China.
| | - Yuan-Lin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China.
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Pan B, Huang S, Sun S, Wang T. The neuroprotective effects of remifentanil on isoflurane-induced apoptosis in the neonatal rat brain. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:4521-4533. [PMID: 29118914 PMCID: PMC5666061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Remifentanil is one of the most frequently prescribed opioids used in combination with inhalation anesthetics in clinical practice, but the effects of such combinations on the developing rat brain are unknown. In our study, we investigated first the potential neurotoxic effects of remifentanil on the developing brain and then the effects of remifentanil on isoflurane-induced apoptosis in the neonatal rat brain following exposure to a nociceptive stimulus. In the first experiment, postnatal day (P) 7 rats were randomly exposed to 30% oxygen, 1.5% isoflurane alone, 1.5% isoflurane and a plantar incision, normal saline, or remifentanil at a low (5 µg·kg-1·h-1), moderate (20 µg·kg-1·h-1) or high (80 µg·kg-1·h-1) dose for 4 h. In the second 4-h experiment, P7 rats were randomly exposed to 1.5% isoflurane, infused with different doses of remifentanil (5, 10, and 20 µg·kg-1·h-1), and subjected to a plantar incision. In both experiments, the number of apoptotic neurons in the cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus was assessed after two hours by cleaved caspase-3 or TUNEL staining. Our data showed that unlike 1.5% isoflurane, remifentanil at any dose did not cause significant neuronal apoptosis in any brain section. In addition, in response to a nociceptive stimulus, the infusion of 10 µg·kg-1·h-1 remifentanil reduced isoflurane-induced apoptosis in the hippocampus (P = 0.003 in CA1, P = 0.002 in CA3) but not in the cortex or thalamus. Our findings suggest that remifentanil does not induce apoptosis and reduces isoflurane-induced apoptosis in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Obstetrics and Genecology Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Shaoqiang Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Obstetrics and Genecology Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Shen Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Obstetrics and Genecology Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Obstetrics and Genecology Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
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Zhang N, Su QP, Zhang WX, Shi NJ, Zhang H, Wang LP, Liu ZK, Li KZ. Neuroprotection of dexmedetomidine against propofol-induced neuroapoptosis partly mediated by PI3K/Akt pathway in hippocampal neurons of fetal rat *. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 18:789-796. [PMCID: PMC5611550 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate how the PI3K/Akt pathway is involved in the protection of dexmedetomidine against propofol. The hippocampal neurons from fetal rats were separated and cultured in a neurobasal medium. Cell viability was assayed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Then neurons were pretreated with different concentrations of dexmedetomidine before 100 μmol/L propofol was added. Akt, phospho-Akt (p-Akt), Bad, phospho-Bad (p-Bad), and Bcl-xL were detected by Western blot. Also, neurons were pretreated with dexmedetomidine alone or given the inhibitor LY294002 before dexmedetomidine pretreatment, and then propofol was added for 3 h. The results demonstrated that propofol decreased the cell viability and the expression of p-Akt and p-Bad proteins, increased the level of Bad, and reduced the ratio of Bcl-xL/Bad. Dexmedetomidine pretreatment could reverse these effects. The enhancement of p-Akt and p-Bad induced by dexmedetomidine was prevented by LY294002. These results showed that dexmedetomidine potently protected the developing neuron and this protection may be partly mediated by the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi 276003, China
| | - Quan-ping Su
- The Central Laboratory, Linyi Peoples’ Hospital, Linyi 276003, China
| | - Wei-xia Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi 276003, China
| | - Nian-jun Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi 276003, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi 276003, China
| | - Ling-ping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi 276003, China
| | - Zhong-kai Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi 276003, China
| | - Ke-zhong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
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O'Connor SD, Cabrera OH, Dougherty JD, Singh S, Swiney BS, Salinas-Contreras P, Farber NB, Noguchi KK. Dexmedetomidine protects against glucocorticoid induced progenitor cell apoptosis in neonatal mouse cerebellum. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 30:2156-2162. [PMID: 27677376 PMCID: PMC5500416 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1241763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glucocorticoids (GCs) are used to improve respiratory mechanics in preterm infants despite clinical evidence linking neonatal GC therapy to cerebellar pathology. In developing mouse cerebellum, the GC dexamethasone (DEX) causes rapid GC-induced neural progenitor cell apoptosis (GINA). Focusing on pharmacological neuroprotection strategies, we investigated whether dexmedetomidine (DMT) protects against GINA. METHODS Neonatal mice were pretreated with DMT prior to DEX challenge. Additionally, we tested clonidine and yohimbine in vivo to determine mechanism of DMT neuroprotection. For in vitro studies, cerebellar neural progenitor cells were pretreated with DMT before DEX challenge. RESULTS In vivo, DMT attenuated GINA at 1 μg/kg and above, p < 0.0001. Clonidine significantly attenuated GINA, p < 0.0001, while yohimbine reversed DMT neuroprotection, p < 0.0001, suggesting DMT neuroprotection is likely mediated via adrenergic signaling. In vitro, DMT neuroprotection was achieved at 10 μM and above, p < 0.001, indicating DMT rescue is cell autonomous. CONCLUSIONS DMT affords dose-dependent neuroprotection from GINA at clinically relevant doses, an effect that is cell autonomous and likely mediated by α2 adrenergic receptor agonism. DMT co-administration with GCs may be an effective strategy to protect the neonatal brain from GINA while retaining the beneficial effects of GCs on respiratory mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn David O'Connor
- a Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics , Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Omar Hoseá Cabrera
- b Department of Psychiatry , Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Joseph D Dougherty
- b Department of Psychiatry , Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
- c Department of Genetics , Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA , and
| | - Sukrit Singh
- d Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Genetics , Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Brant Stephen Swiney
- b Department of Psychiatry , Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Patricia Salinas-Contreras
- d Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Genetics , Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Nuri Bradford Farber
- b Department of Psychiatry , Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Kevin Kiyoshi Noguchi
- b Department of Psychiatry , Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
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Wang Z, Qiu Z, Gao C, Sun Y, Dong W, Zhang Y, Chen R, Qi Y, Li S, Guo Y, Piao Y, Li S, Piao F. 2,5-hexanedione downregulates nerve growth factor and induces neuron apoptosis in the spinal cord of rats via inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179388. [PMID: 28654704 PMCID: PMC5487034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) is the main active metabolite of n-hexane and induces apoptosis in nerve tissue, however, the mechanism of which remains unclear. In the present study, neuropathic animal models were successfully constructed in rats by injecting 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg 2,5-HD intraperitoneally for 5 weeks. Rats exposed to 2,5-HD exhibited progressive gait abnormalities and slower motor neural response in a dose-dependent manner. TUNEL analysis and immunofluorescence dual labeling revealed that the spinal cord of the 2,5-HD treated rats underwent significantly more apoptosis in the cells of spinal cord than that of the control group. The neuron apoptosis index in spinal cord was 4.1%, 6.7%, 9.8% respectively in rats exposed to 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg 2,5-HD, compared with 1.1% in the control group (p < 0.05). Biochemical analysis showed that 2,5-HD exposure downregulated NGF expression in the spinal cord of the intoxicated rats; inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and Bad, two key players in PI3K/Akt pathway downstream of NGF; increased the dimerization of Bad with Bcl-xL in the mitochondrial fraction, followed by the release of cytochrome c and activation of caspase-3 in the spinal cord of rats. In vitro study showed that the NGF expression decreased significantly in VSC4.1 cells dosed with 5.0, 10.0 mM 2,5-HD in comparison with the control group. It was also found that NGF supplement repressed the induced apoptosis, and increased p-Akt and p-Bad level in 2,5-HD treated VSC4.1 cells, which could be antagonized by PI3K kinase (the upstream member of Akt) inhibitor LY294002. Taken together, our experimental results indicate that 2,5-HD may induce apoptosis in the spinal cord of rats via downregulating NGF expression and subsequently repressing PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhemin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zewen Qiu
- Laboratory Animal center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Chenxue Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yijie Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ruolin Chen
- Department of Sexually Transmitted Disease, Heping Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Qi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuangyue Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanjie Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yongjun Piao
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- * E-mail: (FP); (SL)
| | - Fengyuan Piao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- * E-mail: (FP); (SL)
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Wang Q, Shen FY, Zou R, Zheng JJ, Yu X, Wang YW. Ketamine-induced apoptosis in the mouse cerebral cortex follows similar characteristic of physiological apoptosis and can be regulated by neuronal activity. Mol Brain 2017. [PMID: 28623920 PMCID: PMC5474024 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-017-0302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of general anesthetics on inducing neuronal apoptosis during early brain development are well-documented. However, since physiological apoptosis also occurs during this developmental window, it is important to determine whether anesthesia-induced apoptosis targets the same cell population as physiological apoptosis or different cell types altogether. To provide an adequate plane of surgery, ketamine was co-administered with dexmedetomidine. The apoptotic neurons in the mouse primary somatosensory cortex (S1) were quantitated by immunohistochemistry. To explore the effect of neural activity on ketamine-induced apoptosis, the approaches of Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) and an environmental enrichment (EE) were performed. Ketamine-induced apoptosis in S1 is most prominent at postnatal days 5 and 7 (P5 – P7), and becomes insignificant by P12. Physiological and ketamine-induced apoptosis follow similar developmental patterns, mostly comprised of layer V pyramidal neurons at P5 and shifting to mostly layer II to IV GABAergic neurons by P9. Changes in neuronal activity induced by the DREADD system bidirectionally regulated the pattern of ketamine-induced apoptosis, with reduced activity inducing increased apoptosis and shifting the lamination pattern to a more immature form. Importantly, rearing mice in an EE significantly reduced the magnitude of ketamine-induced apoptosis and shifted its developmental pattern to a more mature form. Together, these results demonstrate that lamination pattern and cell-type dependent vulnerability to ketamine-induced apoptosis follow the physiological apoptosis pattern and are age- and activity-dependent. Naturally elevating neuronal activity is a possible method for reducing the adverse effects of general anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, College of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Feng-Yan Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Rong Zou
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zheng
- Shanghai Information Center for Life Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Ying-Wei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Wu Q, Dai Q, Jiang L, Wang Y, Yang T, Miao J, Wang J, Han Y. Downregulation of microRNA-448 improves isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment in rats. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:1578-1583. [PMID: 29067448 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the potential role of microRNA‑448 (miR‑448) in isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment in rats. Sprague‑Dawley rats were used for the construction of isoflurane‑treated models. The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the effects of isoflurane on rats regarding the following para-meters: Swimming speed, escape latency and time in original quadrant. Influences of isoflurane on neuron apoptosis and miR‑448 expression in rat hippocampus tissue were analyzed by flow cytometry and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of miR‑448 on the expression of cell apoptosis‑associated proteins were investigated by flow cytometry. The results demonstrated that isoflurane treatment induced higher escape latency and lower time spent in original quadrant compared with the control rats. In addition, isoflurane treatment induced neuron apoptosis and miR‑448 was highly expressed in the hippocampal tissue of isoflurane‑treated rats. Furthermore, Bcl‑x was significantly downregulated while caspase‑3 expression was upregulated by an miR‑448 inhibitor. Combined the results of the current study indicate that miR‑448 knockdown may have pivotal roles in improving isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment via suppressing neuron apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Qinxue Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Liuming Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yichuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jianxia Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Junlu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Han
- Laparoscopic Surgical Center and Sino‑American Minimally Invasive Surgical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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Lv J, Wei Y, Chen Y, Zhang X, Gong Z, Jiang Y, Gong Q, Zhou L, Wang H, Xie Y. Dexmedetomidine attenuates propofol-induce neuroapoptosis partly via the activation of the PI3k/Akt/GSK3β pathway in the hippocampus of neonatal rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 52:121-128. [PMID: 28411582 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that propofol causes neurodegeneration in developing brains. Evidence has shown that dexmedetomidine has neuroprotective effects. However, whether dexmedetomidine can reduce propofol-induced neuroapoptosis and by what mechanisms it acts remain unclear. We investigated whether dexmedetomidine can attenuate propofol-induced neuroapoptosis by disturbing the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway during brain development. Seven-day-old rats were randomly exposed to 100mg/kg propofol and 100mg/kg propofol plus different doses of dexmedetomidine or 100mg/kg propofol and 75μg/kg dexmedetomidine plus PI3K inhibitor LY294002 or GSK3β inhibitor TDZD-8. TEM and TUNEL were used to detect neuronal structure changes and apoptosis. The expression of phospho-Akt, phospho-GSK3β, Akt and GSK3β were quantified using western blots and immunofluorescence. Pretreatment with different doses of dexmedetomidine protected against propofol-induced neuroapoptosis. Furthermore, propofol decreased the levels of phospho-Akt and phospho-GSK3β, whereas dexmedetomidine partially reversed this inhibition. In addition, treatment with LY294002 inhibited the neuroprotection of dexmedetomidine, whereas TDZD-8 enhanced neuroprotection. Our results indicate that dexmedetomidine prevents propofol-induced neuroapoptosis by increasing the levels of phospho-Akt and phospho-GSK3β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Zheng Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yage Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qin Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Lifang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yubo Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
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Tian A, Ma H, Zhang R, Cui Y, Wan C. Edaravone improves spatial memory and modulates endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis after abdominal surgery in mice. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:355-360. [PMID: 28672938 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients who receive major surgery often develop postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD); however, there is a lack of effective management as the pathogenesis of this disorder has not been fully elucidated. The neuroprotective effects of edaravone have been characterized in both in vitro cultured cells and in experimental animal models. The present study aimed to determine the potential role of edaravone in surgery-induced cognitive decline in mice. Animals were assigned to three groups: Control group (n=32), where mice received local anesthesia; surgery group (n=32), where mice underwent abdominal surgery under anesthesia; and edaravone group (n=32), where mice received abdominal surgery and were administered with edaravone (3 mg/kg). Morris water maze and T-maze tests demonstrated that edaravone attenuated surgery-induced cognitive impairment. Nissl staining indicated that edaravone prevented neuronal loss in the hippocampus of mice that underwent surgery. Furthermore, treatment with edaravone mitigated the surgery-induced upregulation of glucose-regulated protein 78 and CCAAT-enhancer-binding homologous protein and reduced the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling-positive nuclei in mice hippocampi. In conclusion, edaravone may prevent POCD-induced neuronal apoptosis through attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayong Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Rongwei Zhang
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Chengfu Wan
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Liu Y, Lin D, Liu C, Zhao Y, Shen Z, Zhang K, Cao M, Li Y. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5/Collapsin response mediator protein 2 pathway may mediate sevoflurane-induced dendritic development abnormalities in rat cortical neurons. Neurosci Lett 2017; 651:21-29. [PMID: 28445771 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sevoflurane has been reported to induce neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment in the developing brains. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Recent studies have demonstrated aberrant cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) activity is implicated in inhaled anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity. CDK5/CRMP2 signaling is involved in the cortical and hippocampal dendritic development. The aim of present study is to investigate whether the CDK5/CRMP2 pathway mediates sevoflurane-induced dendritic development abnormalities. Rat primary cortical neurons were treated with 4% sevoflurane for 6h, the CDK5 inhibitor roscovitine or the vehicle (0.3% DMSO) was administered 12h before sevoflurane or carrying gases exposure. Cortical neurons were harvested for further analysis 0h, 12h and 24h after exposure. Sevoflurane exposure for 6h did not reduce cell viability and slightly increased the expression of cleaved caspase-3. Sevoflurane induced abnormal CDK5 activation by increasing the expression of its activator p25 and promoted the phosphorylation of CRMP2 (Ser522). The increased phospho-CRMP2 (Ser522) was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of cortical neurons. Sevoflurane significantly reduced the number of primary dendrites and the number of branching points; whereas it did not influence the total dendritic length. Suppression of CDK5 activation with roscovitine attenuated neuronal apoptosis, hyperphosphorylation of CRMP2 (Ser522) and dendritic development abnormalities induced by sevoflurane. Our results indicate that activation of the CDK5/CRMP2 pathway may mediate sevoflurane-induced dendritic development abnormalities in the cortical neurons. The physiological significance of these findings remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Laboratory of RNA and Major Diseases of Brain and Hearts, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Daowei Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Chuiliang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, ChanCheng Center Hospital, Foshan, 528030, China.
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Zhiwen Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Minghui Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Yujuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Laboratory of RNA and Major Diseases of Brain and Hearts, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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Dexmedetomidine Oral Mucosa Patch for Sedation Suppresses Apoptosis in Hippocampus of Normal Rats. Int Neurourol J 2017; 21:S39-47. [PMID: 28446017 PMCID: PMC5426424 DOI: 10.5213/inj.1734884.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dexmedetomidine, an α2-adrenergic agonist, provides sedative and analgesic effects without significant respiratory depression. Dexmedetomidine has been suggested to have an antiapoptotic effect in response to various brain insults. We developed an oral mucosa patch using dexmedetomidine for sedation. The effects of the dexmedetomidine oral mucosa patch on cell proliferation and apoptosis in the hippocampus were evaluated. Methods A hydrogel oral mucosa patch was adhered onto the oral cavity of physiologically normal rats, and was attached for 2 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, or 24 hours. Plasma dexmedetomidine concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography– electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry–multiple-ion reaction monitoring (LC-ESI-MS/MS-MRM). Cell proliferation in the hippocampus was detected by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry. Caspase-3 immunohistochemistry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining, and Western blotting for Bax and Bcl-2 were performed to detect hippocampal apoptosis. The levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) in the hippocampus were also measured by Western blotting. Results Plasma dexmedetomidine concentration increased according to the attachment time of the dexmedetomidine oral mucosa patch. Hippocampal cell proliferation did not change due to the dexmedetomidine oral mucosa patch, and the dexmedetomidine oral mucosa patch exerted no significant effect on BDNF or TrkB expression. In contrast, the dexmedetomidine oral mucosa patch exerted an antiapoptotic effect depending on the attachment time of the dexmedetomidine oral mucosa patch. Conclusions A dexmedetomidine oral mucosa patch can be used as a convenient tool for sedation, and is of therapeutic value due to its antiapoptotic effects under normal conditions.
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Zhang H, Ye J, Shi Z, Bu C, Bao F. Quantitative analyses of the global proteome and phosphoproteome reveal the different impacts of propofol and dexmedetomidine on HT22 cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46455. [PMID: 28418008 PMCID: PMC5394455 DOI: 10.1038/srep46455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Propofol and dexmedetomidine are both commonly used anaesthetics. Although they employ two different mechanisms to induce anaesthesia, both compounds influence the hippocampus and the HT22 cell line. HT22 cells are broadly used in neurobiological research. In this study, we assessed the effects of propofol and dexmedetomidine on signalling in HT22 cells. Using the SILAC (stable isotope labelling with amino acids in cell culture) labelling technique, IMAC (immobilized metal affinity chromatography) enrichment and high-resolution LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) analysis, we investigated the quantitative proteome and phosphoproteome in HT22 cells treated with propofol or dexmedetomidine. In total, 4,527 proteins and 6,824 phosphosites were quantified in cells treated with these two anaesthetics. With the assistance of intensive bioinformatics, the propofol and dexmedetomidine treatments were shown to induce distinct proteome and phosphoproteome profiles in HT22 cells. Consistent with our bioinformatics analysis, dexmedetomidine had a smaller effect than propofol on cell survival. These findings deepen our understanding of drug-induced anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Juan Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Zhaomei Shi
- Jingjie PTM Biolab (Hangzhou) Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chen Bu
- Jingjie PTM Biolab (Hangzhou) Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Fangping Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
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Intranasal Dexmedetomidine for Procedural Sedation in Children, a Suitable Alternative to Chloral Hydrate. Paediatr Drugs 2017; 19:107-111. [PMID: 28275979 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-017-0217-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sedation is often required for children undergoing diagnostic procedures. Chloral hydrate has been one of the sedative drugs most used in children over the last 3 decades, with supporting evidence for its efficacy and safety. Recently, chloral hydrate was banned in Italy and France, in consideration of evidence of its carcinogenicity and genotoxicity. Dexmedetomidine is a sedative with unique properties that has been increasingly used for procedural sedation in children. Several studies demonstrated its efficacy and safety for sedation in non-painful diagnostic procedures. Dexmedetomidine's impact on respiratory drive and airway patency and tone is much less when compared to the majority of other sedative agents. Administration via the intranasal route allows satisfactory procedural success rates. Studies that specifically compared intranasal dexmedetomidine and chloral hydrate for children undergoing non-painful procedures showed that dexmedetomidine was as effective as and safer than chloral hydrate. For these reasons, we suggest that intranasal dexmedetomidine could be a suitable alternative to chloral hydrate.
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Wang Y, Li Y, Xing Q, Han XG, Dong X, Lu Y, Zhou M. Sevoflurane anesthesia in pregnant rats negatively affects nerve function in offspring potentially via inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2753-2759. [PMID: 28447764 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the rapid development of medical technology used to perform intrauterine procedures during pregnancy, the number of patients receiving fetal surgery under general anesthesia is increasing. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of anesthetics on the offspring of rats, and to identify the potential mechanisms underlying these effects. On day 14 of pregnancy, Sprague‑Dawley rats were equally divided into the following 3 groups (n=9): Control group (n=3), 3% sevoflurane group (n=3) and 4% sevoflurane group (n=3). Following birth of the offspring, the juvenile rats were assessed using an open‑field test, Morris water maze and a continuous passive avoidance test on different days to determine their learning abilities and memory. Western blot and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) analyses were used to examine the expression of multiple critical factors associated with the proliferation and apoptosis of nerve cells, including Ki67, nestin, B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), BCL2 associated X (Bax) and caspase‑3. Additionally, the level of adenosine triphosphate production among the 3 groups were compared. Furthermore, expression alterations in of glycogen synthase kinase‑3β (GSK‑3β) and β‑catenin were examined. The Morris water maze experiment revealed that an increased concentration of sevoflurane exposure significantly reduced the learning and memory abilities of the juvenile rats when compared with controls. In addition, western blotting and RT-qPCR analyses determined that the protein and mRNA expression levels of Bax, caspase‑3 and GSK‑3β were significantly increased relative to the controls. By contrast, the expression levels of nestin, Ki‑67, Bcl‑2 and β‑catenin were significantly reduced. The results of the present study suggest that exposure of pregnant mice to sevoflurane anesthesia demonstrates a negative effect on the learning and memory abilities of their offspring, and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Qunzhi Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Xuechan G Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Xu Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Mintao Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
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Xu G, Huang YL, Li PL, Guo HM, Han XP. Neuroprotective effects of artemisinin against isoflurane-induced cognitive impairments and neuronal cell death involve JNK/ERK1/2 signalling and improved hippocampal histone acetylation in neonatal rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:684-697. [PMID: 28294340 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to assess the effect of artemisinin against isoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis and cognitive impairment in neonatal rats. METHODS Artemisinin (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg b.wt/day; oral gavage) was administered to separate groups of neonatal rats starting from postnatal day 3 (P3) to postnatal day 21 (P21). On postnatal day 7 (P7), animals were exposed to inhalation anaesthetic isoflurane (0.75%) for 6 h. KEY FINDINGS Neuronal apoptosis following anaesthetic exposure was significantly reduced by artemisinin. Isoflurane-induced upregulated cleaved caspase-3, Bax and Bad expression were downregulated. Western blotting analysis revealed that treatment with artemisinin significantly enhanced the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, c-IAP-1, c-IAP-2, xIAP and survivin). Artemisinin increased the acetylation of H3K9 and H4K12 while reducing the expression of histone deacetlyases (HDACs) - HDAC-2 and HDAC-3. Isoflurane-induced activation of JNK signalling and downregulated ERK1/2 expression was effectively modulated by artemisinin. General behaviour of the animals in open-field and T-maze test were improved. Morris water maze test and object recognition test revealed better learning, working memory and also better memory retention on artemisinin treatment. CONCLUSIONS Artemisinin effectively inhibited neuronal apoptosis and improved cognition and memory via regulating histone acetylation and JNK/ERK1/2 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yun-Li Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ping-le Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hai-Ming Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xue-Ping Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Ning Q, Liu Z, Wang X, Zhang R, Zhang J, Yang M, Sun H, Han F, Zhao W, Zhang X. Neurodegenerative changes and neuroapoptosis induced by systemic lipopolysaccharide administration are reversed by dexmedetomidine treatment in mice. Neurol Res 2017; 39:357-366. [PMID: 28173746 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2017.1281197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a frequent and nasty complication of sepsis, associated with patients increased risk of death and long-term brain dysfunctions. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the effect of dexmedetomidine (Dex), an anesthetic adjuvant, on the development of SAE. METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected to male BALB/c mice to induce sepsis. Dex (25 μg/kg) was given intraperitoneally immediately after LPS injection. Levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected in mice brains tissue eight hours later after drug administration. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to detect brain pathologic change. We also detected apoptosis using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling assay and Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3 expressions by western blot. RESULTS Levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, MDA and ROS were increased in the brain tissue after LPS treatment, indicating that LPS injection resulted in increased brain inflammation and elevated oxidative stress. We further found a large quantity of degenerative neurons widespread in hippocampal CA1, CA3 regions and cerebral cortex according to HE staining. Dex could significantly decrease brain inflammation and oxidative stress by decreasing the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, MDA and ROS, and ameliorate neurodegenerative changes. The associated results also demonstrated that Dex treatment ameliorated the LPS-induced neuronal apoptosis, probably by upregulating the Bcl-2 expression and downregulating the Bax expression. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that Dex could reverse neurodegenerative changes and neuroapoptosis in mice brain of septic mice induced by LPS through anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqing Ning
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Binzhou Medical University , Yantai , China.,b Department of Anesthesiology , Binzhou Medical University Hospital , Binzhou , China
| | - Zhaoguo Liu
- b Department of Anesthesiology , Binzhou Medical University Hospital , Binzhou , China
| | - Xiuhua Wang
- c Department of Respiration , Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University , Binzhou , China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- b Department of Anesthesiology , Binzhou Medical University Hospital , Binzhou , China
| | - Jing Zhang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Binzhou Medical University , Yantai , China
| | - Meizi Yang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Binzhou Medical University , Yantai , China
| | - Hongliu Sun
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Binzhou Medical University , Yantai , China
| | - Fang Han
- c Department of Respiration , Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University , Binzhou , China
| | - Wenxiang Zhao
- b Department of Anesthesiology , Binzhou Medical University Hospital , Binzhou , China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Binzhou Medical University , Yantai , China
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Endesfelder S, Makki H, von Haefen C, Spies CD, Bührer C, Sifringer M. Neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine against hyperoxia-induced injury in the developing rat brain. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171498. [PMID: 28158247 PMCID: PMC5291450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a highly selective agonist of α2-receptors with sedative, anxiolytic, and analgesic properties. Neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine have been reported in various brain injury models. In the present study, we investigated the effects of dexmedetomidine on hippocampal neurogenesis, specifically the proliferation capacity and maturation of neurons and neuronal plasticity following the induction of hyperoxia in neonatal rats. Six-day old sex-matched Wistar rats were exposed to 80% oxygen or room air for 24 h and treated with 1, 5 or 10 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine or normal saline. A single pretreatment with DEX attenuated the hyperoxia-induced injury in terms of neurogenesis and plasticity. In detail, both the proliferation capacity (PCNA+ cells) as well as the expression of neuronal markers (Nestin+, PSA-NCAM+, NeuN+ cells) and transcription factors (SOX2, Tbr1/2, Prox1) were significantly reduced under hyperoxia compared to control. Furthermore, regulators of neuronal plasticity (Nrp1, Nrg1, Syp, and Sema3a/f) were also drastically decreased. A single administration of dexmedetomidine prior to oxygen exposure resulted in a significant up-regulation of expression-profiles compared to hyperoxia. Our results suggest that dexmedetomidine may have neuroprotective effects in an acute hyperoxic model of the neonatal rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Endesfelder
- Department of Neonatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanan Makki
- Department of Neonatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clarissa von Haefen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia D Spies
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Bührer
- Department of Neonatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Sifringer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Neuroprotection and neurotoxicity in the developing brain: an update on the effects of dexmedetomidine and xenon. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2017; 60:102-116. [PMID: 28065636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Growing and consistent preclinical evidence, combined with early clinical epidemiological observations, suggest potentially neurotoxic effects of commonly used anesthetic agents in the developing brain. This has prompted the FDA to issue a safety warning for all sedatives and anesthetics approved for use in children under three years of age. Recent studies have identified dexmedetomidine, the potent α2-adrenoceptor agonist, and xenon, the noble gas, as effective anesthetic adjuvants that are both less neurotoxic to the developing brain, and also possess neuroprotective properties in neonatal and other settings of acute ongoing neurologic injury. Dexmedetomidine and xenon are effective anesthetic adjuvants that appear to be less neurotoxic than other existing agents and have the potential to be neuroprotective in the neonatal and pediatric settings. Although results from recent clinical trials and case reports have indicated the neuroprotective potential of xenon and dexmedetomidine, additional randomized clinical trials corroborating these studies are necessary. By reviewing both the existing preclinical and clinical evidence on the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine and xenon, we hope to provide insight into the potential clinical efficacy of these agents in the management of pediatric surgical patients.
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Lu Y, Lin B, Zhong J. The Therapeutic Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Rat Diabetic Neuropathy Pain and the Mechanism. Biol Pharm Bull 2017. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuecheng Lu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Baohua Lin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Junmin Zhong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University
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Su ZY, Ye Q, Liu XB, Chen YZ, Zhan H, Xu SY. Dexmedetomidine mitigates isoflurane-induced neurodegeneration in fetal rats during the second trimester of pregnancy. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1329-1337. [PMID: 28966649 PMCID: PMC5607829 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.213554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine has significant neuroprotective effects. However, whether its protective effects can reduce neurotoxicity caused by isoflurane in fetal brain during the second trimester of pregnancy remains unclear. In this study, timed-pregnancy rats at gestational day 14 spontaneously inhaled 1.5% isoflurane for 4 hours, and were intraperitoneally injected with dexmedetomidine at dosages of 5, 10, 20, and 20 μg/kg 15 minutes before inhalation and after inhalation for 2 hours. Our results demonstrate that 4 hours after inhaling isoflurane, 20 μg/kg dexmedetomidine visibly mitigated isoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis, reversed downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression, and lessened decreased spatial learning and memory ability in adulthood in the fetal rats. Altogether, these findings indicate that dexmedetomidine can reduce neurodegeneration induced by isoflurane in fetal rats during the second trimester of pregnancy. Further, brain-derived neurotrophic factor participates in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Su
- Department of Anesthesia, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Anesthesia, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xian-Bao Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong Zhan
- Department of Anesthesia, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shi-Yuan Xu
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Song Y, Garcia S, Frometa Y, Ramella-Roman JC, Soltani M, Almadi M, Riera JJ, Lin WC. Quantitative assessment of hemodynamic and structural characteristics of in vivo brain tissue using total diffuse reflectance spectrum measured in a non-contact fashion. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:78-103. [PMID: 28101403 PMCID: PMC5231317 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a new methodology that investigates the intrinsic structural and hemodynamic characteristics of in vivo brain tissue, in a non-contact fashion, and can be easily incorporated in an intra-operative environment. Within this methodology, relative total diffuse reflectance spectra (RTD(λ)) were acquired from targets using a hybrid spectroscopy imaging system. A spectral interpretation algorithm was subsequently applied to RTD(λ) to retrieve optical properties related to the compositional and structural characteristics of each target. Estimation errors of the proposed methodology were computationally evaluated using a Monte Carlo simulation model for photon migration under various conditions. It was discovered that this new methodology could handle moderate noise and achieve very high accuracy, but only if the refractive index of the target is known. The accuracy of the technique was also validated using a series of tissue phantom studies, and consistent and accurate estimates of μs'(λ)/μa(λ) were obtained from all the phantoms tested. Finally, a small-scale animal study was conducted to demonstrate the clinical utility of the reported method, wherein a forepaw stimulation model was utilized to induce transient hemodynamic responses in somatosensory cortices. With this approach, significant stimulation-related changes (p < 0.001) in cortical hemodynamic and structural characteristics were successfully measured.
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Si Y, Zhang Y, Han L, Chen L, Xu Y, Sun F, Ji M, Yang J, Bao H. Dexmedetomidine Acts via the JAK2/STAT3 Pathway to Attenuate Isoflurane-Induced Neurocognitive Deficits in Senile Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164763. [PMID: 27768775 PMCID: PMC5074497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies showed that isoflurane-induced cognitive deficits could be alleviated by dexmedetomidine in young animal subjects. In the current study, we examine whether dexmedetomidine could also alleviate isoflurane-induced cognitive deficits in senile animals. Methods Senile male C57BL/6 mice (20 months) received dexmedetomidine (50 μg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle 30 minutes prior to isoflurane exposure (1.3% for 4 h). Cognitive function was assessed 19 days later using a 5-day testing regimen with Morris water maze. Some subjects also received pretreatment with α2 adrenoreceptor antagonist atipamezole (250 μg/kg, i.p.), JAK2 inhibitor AG490 (15 mg/kg i.p.) or STAT3 inhibitor WP1066 (40 mg/kg i.p.) 30 minutes prior to dexmedetomidine. Results Isoflurane exposure increased and reduced the time spent in the quadrant containing the target platform in training sessions. The number of crossings over the original target quadrant was also decreased. Dexmedotomidine attenuated such effects. Effects of dexmedotomidine were reduced by pretreatment with atipamezole, AG490 and WP1066. Increased phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 in the hippocampus induced by isoflurane was augmented by dexmedetomidine. Effects of dexmedetomidine on JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation were attenuated by atipamezole, AG490 and WP1066. Isoflurane promoted neuronal apoptosis and increased the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and BAD, and reduced Bcl-2 expression. Attenuation of such effects by dexmedotomidine was partially blocked by atipamezole, AG490 and WP1066. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine could protect against isoflurane-induced spatial learning and memory impairment in senile mice by stimulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Such findings encourage the use of dexmedetomidine in geriatric patients receiving isoflurane anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Si
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liu Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yajie Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Muhuo Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, College of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, College of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongguang Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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73
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Chen B, Deng X, Wang B, Liu H. Etanercept, an inhibitor of TNF-a, prevents propofol-induced neurotoxicity in the developing brain. Int J Dev Neurosci 2016; 55:91-100. [PMID: 27756568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Propofol can induce acute neuronal apoptosis, neuronal loss or long-term cognitive impairment when exposed in neonatal rodents, but the mechanisms by which propofol induces developmental neurotoxicity are unclear. Recent studies have demonstrated that propofol can increase the TNF-α level in the developing brain, but there is a lack of direct evidence to show whether TNF-α is partially or fully involved in propofol-induced neurotoxicity. The present study shows that propofol exposure in neonatal rats induces an increase of TNF-α in the cerebral spinal fluid, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Etanercept, a TNF-α inhibitor, prevents propofol-induced short- or long-term neuronal apoptosis, neuronal loss, synaptic loss and long-term cognitive impairment. Furthermore, mTNF-α (precursor of TNF-α) expression in microglia cells is increased after propofol anaesthesia in either the hippocampus or PFC, but mTNF-α expression in neurons is only increased in the PFC. These findings suggest that TNF-α may mediate propofol-induced developmental neurotoxicity, and etanercept can provide neural protection. Microglia are the main cellular source of TNF-α after propofol exposure, while the synthesis of TNF-α in neurons is brain-region selective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing 40030, PR China; Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Xiaoyuan Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing 40030, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing 40030, PR China.
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74
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Yamanaka D, Kawano T, Nishigaki A, Aoyama B, Tateiwa H, Shigematsu-Locatelli M, Locatelli FM, Yokoyama M. Preventive effects of dexmedetomidine on the development of cognitive dysfunction following systemic inflammation in aged rats. J Anesth 2016; 31:25-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-016-2264-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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75
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Liu JR, Yuki K, Baek C, Han XH, Soriano SG. Dexmedetomidine-Induced Neuroapoptosis Is Dependent on Its Cumulative Dose. Anesth Analg 2016; 123:1008-17. [PMID: 27529322 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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76
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Hua FZ, Ying J, Zhang J, Wang XF, Hu YH, Liang YP, Liu Q, Xu GH. Naringenin pre-treatment inhibits neuroapoptosis and ameliorates cognitive impairment in rats exposed to isoflurane anesthesia by regulating the PI3/Akt/PTEN signalling pathway and suppressing NF-κB-mediated inflammation. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1271-80. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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77
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Kim SE, Ko IG, Kim CJ, Chung JY, Yi JW, Choi JH, Jang MS, Han JH. Dexmedetomidine promotes the recovery of the field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in rat hippocampal slices exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Neurosci Lett 2016; 631:91-96. [PMID: 27546825 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a selective α2 adrenergic agonist, is an anesthetic and sedative agent, and is reported to exert neuroprotective effects after hypoxic ischemia. However, there are few studies on the electrophysiological effect of DEX in hippocampal slices under ischemic conditions. The effects of DEX on field potential in hippocampal slices exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) were evaluated. Hippocampal slices were prepared from rats, and the evoked field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were recorded using the MED 64 system. Hypoxic-ischemia was induced by perfusion with glucose-free artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) bubbled with 95% N2 and 5% CO2, and hippocampal slices were perfused with DEX-added aCSF before, during, and after OGD induction. In the normal hippocampal slices, perfusion with 1 and 10μM DEX did not significantly decrease the normalized fEPSP amplitude, but 100μM DEX significantly reduced the fEPSP amplitude compared with its baseline control. The induction of OGD remarkably decreased the fEPSP amplitude, whereas the pre-, co-, and post-treatment of 10μM DEX gradually promoted recovery after washing out, and consequently the amplitude of fEPSP in DEX pre-, co-, and post-treated OGD slices were significantly higher than that in the untreated OGD slices at 10min and 60min after washing out. In particular, co-treatment with DEX conspicuously promoted the recovery of the fEPSP amplitude at the beginning of washing out. These results suggest the possibility of DEX as a therapeutic agent to prevent hypoxic-ischemic brain damage and promote functional recovery after ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Gyu Ko
- Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ju Kim
- Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kyung Hee Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Soo Jang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kyung Hee Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kyung Hee Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Wei Y, Hu J, Liang Y, Zhong Y, He D, Qin Y, Li L, Chen J, Xiao Q, Xie Y. Dexmedetomidine pretreatment attenuates propofol-induced neurotoxicity in neuronal cultures from the rat hippocampus. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3413-20. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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79
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Wang LY, Tang ZJ, Han YZ. Neuroprotective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester against sevoflurane‑induced neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus of neonatal rats involve MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3403-12. [PMID: 27498600 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of infants and children are exposed to anesthesia every year during medical care. Sevoflurane is a volatile anesthetic that is frequently used for pediatric anesthesia. However, previous reports have suggested that the administration of sevoflurane promotes neurodegeneration, raising concerns regarding the safety of its usage. The present study aimed to investigate caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and its protective effect against sevoflurane‑induced neurotoxicity in neonatal rats. Rat pups were administered with CAPE at 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg body weight from postnatal day 1 (P1) to P15. The P7 rats were exposed to sevoflurane (2.9%) for 6 h. Control group rats received no sevoflurane or CAPE. Neuronal apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‑end labeling assay. The expression levels of caspases (caspase‑3, ‑8 and ‑9), apoptotic pathway proteins [Bcl‑2‑associated X protein (Bax), B cell CCL/lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2), Bcl‑2‑like 1 (Bcl‑xL), Bcl‑2‑associated agonist of cell death (Bad) and phosphorylated (p)‑Bad], mitogen‑activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway proteins [c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK), p‑JNK, extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, p‑ERK1/2, p38, p‑p38 and p‑c‑Jun] and the phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/Akt cascade were evaluated by western blotting following sevoflurane and CAPE treatment. In addition, the expression of cleaved caspase‑3 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. CAPE significantly reduced sevoflurane‑induced apoptosis, downregulated the expression levels of caspases and pro‑apoptotic proteins (Bax and Bad) and elevated the expression levels of Bcl‑2 and Bcl‑xL when compared with sevoflurane treatment. Furthermore, CAPE appeared to modify the expression levels of MAPKs and activate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Thus, the present study demonstrated that CAPE effectively inhibited sevoflurane‑induced neuroapoptosis by modulating the expression and phosphorylation of apoptotic pathway proteins and MAPKs, and by regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Jun Tang
- Department of Orthopedics in Repair and Reconstruction, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Zeng Han
- Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, P.R. China
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80
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Lu Y, Sun J, Zhuang X, Lv G, Li Y, Wang H, Wang G. Perineural Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant Reduces the Median Effective Concentration of Lidocaine for Obturator Nerve Blocking: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158226. [PMID: 27341450 PMCID: PMC4920423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Research suggests that the addition of dexmedetomidine to local anesthetics can prolong peripheral nerve blocks; however, it is not known whether dexmedetomidine can reduce the quantity of local anesthetic needed. We hypothesized that adding dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to an obturator nerve block could reduce the median effective concentration of lidocaine. In this double-blinded randomized trial, 60 patients scheduled for elective transurethral resection of bladder tumors on the lateral wall were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (C group, n = 30) and the dexmedetomidine group (D group, n = 30). Two main branches of the obturator nerve (i.e., anterior and posterior) were identified using neural stimulation at the inguinal level, with only lidocaine used for the C group and 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine combined with lidocaine used for the D group. The median effective concentration was determined by an up-and-down sequential trial. The ratio of two consecutive concentrations was 1.2. The median effective concentration (95% confidence interval) of lidocaine was 0.57% (0.54%-0.62%) in the C group and 0.29% (0.28%-0.38%) in the D group. The median effective concentration of lidocaine was significantly lower in the D group than in the C group (p < 0.05). These results indicate that dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg) in combination with lidocaine for obturator nerve block decreases the median effective concentration of lidocaine. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02066727.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/administration & dosage
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/adverse effects
- Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage
- Anesthetics, Local/adverse effects
- Anesthetics, Local/therapeutic use
- Dexmedetomidine/administration & dosage
- Dexmedetomidine/adverse effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Humans
- Lidocaine/administration & dosage
- Lidocaine/adverse effects
- Lidocaine/therapeutic use
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Muscle Strength/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/innervation
- Nerve Block/methods
- Obturator Nerve/drug effects
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechun Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinqi Zhuang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guoyi Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yize Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guolin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail:
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81
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Wang Y, Han R, Zuo Z. Dexmedetomidine post-treatment induces neuroprotection via activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in rats with subarachnoid haemorrhage. Br J Anaesth 2016; 116:384-92. [PMID: 26865131 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aev549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dexmedetomidine, a sedative agent, provides neuroprotection when administered during or before brain ischaemia. This study was designed to determine whether dexmedetomidine post-treatment induces neuroprotection against subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and the mechanisms for this effect. METHODS Subarachnoid haemorrhage was induced by endovascular perforation to the junction of the right middle and anterior cerebral arteries in adult rats. Dexmedetomidine was applied immediately or 2 h after onset of SAH. Neurological outcome was evaluated 2 days after SAH. Right frontal cortex area 1 was harvested 24 h after SAH for western blotting. RESULTS Subarachnoid haemorrhage reduced neurological scores and increased brain oedema and blood-brain barrier permeability. These effects were attenuated by dexmedetomidine post-treatment. Neuroprotection by dexmedetomidine was abolished by PD98095, an inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. Phospho-ERK, the activated form of ERK, was increased by dexmedetomidine; this activation was inhibited by PD98095. CONCLUSIONS Dexmedetomidine post-treatment provides neuroprotection against SAH. This effect appears to be mediated by ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA Department of Anaesthesiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - R Han
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Z Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA
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82
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Wang Y, Wu C, Han B, Xu F, Mao M, Guo X, Wang J. Dexmedetomidine attenuates repeated propofol exposure-induced hippocampal apoptosis, PI3K/Akt/Gsk-3β signaling disruption, and juvenile cognitive deficits in neonatal rats. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:769-75. [PMID: 27222147 PMCID: PMC4918603 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Propofol is one of the most widely used intravenous anesthetics. However, repeated exposure to propofol may cause neurodegeneration in the developing brain. Dexmedetomidine (Dex), an α2 adrenoceptor agonist, has been previously demonstrated to provide neuroprotection against neuroapoptosis and neurocognitive impairments induced by several anesthetics. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the effect of Dex on neonatal propofol-induced neuroapoptosis and juvenile spatial learning/memory deficits. Propofol (30 mg/kg) was intraperiotoneally administered to 7‑day‑old Sprague Dawley rats (n=75) three times each day at 90 min intervals for seven consecutive days with or without Dex (75 µg/kg) treatment 20 min prior to propofol injection. Following repeated propofol exposure, reduced Akt and GSK‑3β phosphorylation, increased cleaved caspase‑3 expression levels, an increased Bax/Bcl‑2 ratio, and increased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‑mediated dUTP nick‑end labeling (TUNEL)‑positive cells in the CA1 hippocampal subregion were observed. Morris Water Maze testing at postnatal day 29 also demonstrated spatial learning and memory deficits following propofol treatment compared with the control group. Notably, these changes were significantly attenuated by Dex pretreatment. The results of the current study demonstrated that Dex ameliorates the neurocognitive impairment induced by repeated neonatal propofol challenge in rats, partially via its anti‑apoptotic action and normalization of the disruption to the PI3K/Akt/GSK‑3β signaling pathway. The present study provides preliminary evidence demonstrating the safety of propofol on the neonatal brain and the potential use of dexmedetomidine pretreatment in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Changyi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Bin Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Mingfeng Mao
- Department of Otolaryngology, 316 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100093, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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83
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Propofol-Induced Neurotoxicity in the Fetal Animal Brain and Developments in Modifying These Effects-An Updated Review of Propofol Fetal Exposure in Laboratory Animal Studies. Brain Sci 2016; 6:brainsci6020011. [PMID: 27043637 PMCID: PMC4931488 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci6020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past twenty years, evidence of neurotoxicity in the developing brain in animal studies from exposure to several general anesthetics has been accumulating. Propofol, a commonly used general anesthetic medication, administered during synaptogenesis, may trigger widespread apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain and long-term neurobehavioral disturbances in both rodents and non-human primates. Despite the growing evidence of the potential neurotoxicity of different anesthetic agents in animal studies, there is no concrete evidence that humans may be similarly affected. However, given the growing evidence of the neurotoxic effects of anesthetics in laboratory studies, it is prudent to further investigate the mechanisms causing these effects and potential ways to mitigate them. Here, we review multiple studies that investigate the effects of in utero propofol exposure and the developmental agents that may modify these deleterious effects.
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84
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WANG CHUNMEI, CAI XIAOLAN, WEN QINGPING. Astaxanthin reduces isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4073-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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85
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Pancaro C, Segal BS, Sikes RW, Almeer Z, Schumann R, Azocar RJ, Marchand JE. Dexmedetomidine and ketamine show distinct patterns of cell degeneration and apoptosis in the developing rat neonatal brain. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 29:3827-33. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2016.1148132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Pancaro
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tufts School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA and
| | - B. Scott Segal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tufts School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA and
| | - Robert W. Sikes
- Division of Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Zainab Almeer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tufts School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA and
| | - Roman Schumann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tufts School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA and
| | - Ruben J. Azocar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tufts School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA and
| | - James E. Marchand
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tufts School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA and
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Activating Autophagy in Hippocampal Cells Alleviates the Morphine-Induced Memory Impairment. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:1710-1724. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9735-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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87
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Li Z, Wang H, Xu Z, Sun Y, Han J. Expression and mechanism of microRNA-181A on incidence and survival in late liver metastases of colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:1403-8. [PMID: 26750720 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging role of microRNA-181A (miR-181A) in CRC patients with late liver metastases was studied. In the present study we investigated the association between expression and mechanism of miRNA-181A, liver metastasis and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The expression of miR-181A and PTEN in CRC patients with late liver metastases was higher than that of the normal (control) group, whereas the expression of miR-181A and PTEN was lower in all pathological groups (TNM I-TNM IV). Overall survival (OS) of lower expression miR-181A CRC patients with late liver metastases was higher than that of higher expression miR-181A CRC patients with late liver metastases. The expression of miR-181A and PTEN in the colon cell line NCM460 was lower than that of the colon cancer SW620 cell line. Upregulation of miR-181A promoted cell viability and inhibited apoptosis of SW620 cells, suppressed PTEN expression and activated phosphorylation of AKT (p-AKT) in SW620 cells. Additionally, downregulation of miR-181A inhibited cell viability of SW620 cells through promotion of PTEN and inhibition of p-AKT. Together, our results indicate that miR-181A expression is associated with CRC patients with late liver metastases through PTEN/AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengjun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Haipeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Zhongfa Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Yanlai Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Han
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
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Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Neurotoxicity Induced by Prenatal Propofol Exposure. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2016; 28:51-64. [DOI: 10.1097/ana.0000000000000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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89
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A wealth of data shows neuronal demise after general anesthesia in the very young rodent brain. Herein, the authors apply proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HMRS), testing the hypothesis that neurotoxic exposure during peak synaptogenesis can be tracked via changes in neuronal metabolites. METHODS 1HMRS spectra were acquired in the brain (thalamus) of neonatal rat pups 24 and 48 h after sevoflurane exposure on postnatal day (PND) 7 and 15 and in unexposed, sham controls. A repeated measure ANOVA was performed to examine whether changes in metabolites were different between exposed and unexposed groups. Sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity on PND7 was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In unexposed PND7 pups (N = 21), concentration of N-acetylaspartate (NAA; [NAA]) increased by 16% from PND8 to PND9, whereas in exposed PND7 pups (N = 19), [NAA] did not change and concentration of glycerophosphorylcholine and phosphorylcholine ([GPC + PCh]) decreased by 25%. In PND15 rats, [NAA] increased from PND16 to PND17 for both the exposed (N = 14) and the unexposed (N = 16) groups. Two-way ANOVA for PND7 pups demonstrated that changes over time observed in [NAA] (P = 0.031) and [GPC + PCh] (P = 0.024) were different between those two groups. CONCLUSIONS The authors demonstrated that normal [NAA] increase from PND8 to PND9 was impeded in sevoflurane-exposed rats when exposed at PND7; however, not impeded when exposed on PND15. Furthermore, the authors showed that noninvasive 1HMRS is sufficiently sensitive to detect subtle differences in developmental time trajectory of [NAA]. This is potentially clinically relevant because 1HMRS can be applied across species and may be useful in providing evidence of neurotoxicity in the human neonatal brain.
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90
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Liu C, Liu Y, Shen Z, Miao L, Zhang K, Wang F, Li Y. Sevoflurane Preconditioning Reduces Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Role of Protein Kinase C and Mitochondrial ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141426. [PMID: 26505750 PMCID: PMC4624762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been considered to be a potential therapy to reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) since the 1980s. Our previous study indicated that sevoflurane preconditioning (SPC) also reduced intestinal IRI in rats. However, whether the protective effect of SPC is similar to IPC and the mechanisms of SPC are unclear. Thus, we compared the efficacy of SPC and IPC against intestinal IRI and the role of protein kinase C (PKC) and mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mKATP) in SPC. A rat model of intestinal IRI was used in this study. The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was clamped for 60 min followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Rats with IPC underwent three cycles of SMA occlusion for 5 min and reperfusion for 5 min before intestinal ischemia. Rats with SPC inhaled sevoflurane at 0.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for 30 min before the intestinal ischemic insult. Additionally, the PKC inhibitor Chelerythrine (CHE) or mKATP inhibitor 5-Hydroxydecanoic (5-HD) was injected intraperitoneally before sevoflurane inhalation. Both SPC and IPC ameliorated intestinal IRI-induced histopathological changes, decreased Chiu’s scores, reduced terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive cells in the epithelium, and inhibited the expression of malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). These protective effects of SPC were similar to those of IPC. Pretreatment with PKC or mKATP inhibitor abolished SPC—induced protective effects by increasing Chiu’s scores, down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 and activated caspase-3. Our results suggest that pretreatment with 0.5 MAC sevoflurane is as effective as IPC against intestinal IRI. The activation of PKC and mKATP may be involved in the protective mechanisms of SPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuiliang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, ChanCheng Center Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiwen Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liping Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (YJL); (FW)
| | - Yujuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (YJL); (FW)
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91
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Wang X, Zhao B, Li X. Dexmedetomidine attenuates isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis in aging rat. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:17281-17288. [PMID: 26770320 PMCID: PMC4694220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As a kind of α2 adrenergic receptor agonists, dexmedetomidine generates sedation, anti-anxiety and anesthesia effects by hyperpolarizing noradrenergic nerve cells in locus coeruleus. This study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective of dexmedetomidine attenuates isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment, and the possible underlying mechanism in aging rat. Firstly, we used isoflurane-induced aging rat model to analyze the therapeutical effect of dexmedetomidine on cognitive impairment. Next, commercial ELISA kits were used to analyze tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and caspase-3 levels. In addition, Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of P38 MAPK, PTEN and phosphorylation-Akt (p-Akt) expression. Our results showed that the neuroprotective of dexmedetomidine significantly attenuates isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in aging rat. Moreover, dexmedetomidine significantly inhibited these TNF-α, IL-1β, MDA, SOD and caspase-3 activities in isoflurane-induced aging rat. Meanwhile, the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine on isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment significantly suppressed Bcl-xL/Bad rate, P38 MAPK and PTEN protein expression and activated p-Akt protein expression in aging rat. Collectively, neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine attenuates isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis in aging rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Binjiang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People’s HospitalBeijing, China
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92
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Ex vivo nicotine stimulation augments the efficacy of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived dendritic cell vaccination via activating Akt-S6 pathway. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2015; 2015:741487. [PMID: 26351626 PMCID: PMC4550800 DOI: 10.1155/2015/741487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) agonist nicotine has stimulatory effects on murine bone marrow-derived semimature DCs, but the effect of nicotine on peripheral blood mononuclear cell- (PBMC-) derived human semimature dendritic cells (hu-imDCs) is still to be clarified. In the present study, hu-imDCs (cultured 4 days) were conferred with ex vivo lower dose nicotine stimulation and the effect of nicotine on surface molecules expression, the ability of cross-presentation, DCs-mediated PBMC priming, and activated signaling pathways were determined. We could demonstrate that the treatment with nicotine resulted in increased surface molecules expression, enhanced hu-imDCs-mediated PBMC proliferation, upregulated release of IL-12 in the supernatant of cocultured DCs-PBMC, and augmented phosphorylation of Akt and ribosomal protein S6. Nicotine associated with traces of LPS efficiently enhanced endosomal translocation of internalized ovalbumin (OVA) and increased TAP-OVA colocalization. Importantly, the upregulation of nicotine-increased surface molecules upregulation was significantly abrogated by the inhibition of Akt kinase. These findings demonstrate that ex vivo nicotine stimulation augments hu-imDCs surface molecules expression via Akt-S6 pathway, combined with increased Ag-presentation result in augmented efficacy of DCs-mediated PBMC proliferation and Th1 polarization.
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93
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Mahmoud M, Mason K. Dexmedetomidine: review, update, and future considerations of paediatric perioperative and periprocedural applications and limitations. Br J Anaesth 2015; 115:171-82. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aev226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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94
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Xu KX, Tao J, Zhang N, Wang JZ. Neuroprotective properties of vitamin C on equipotent anesthetic concentrations of desflurane, isoflurane, or sevoflurane in high fat diet fed neonatal mice. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:10444-58. [PMID: 26379835 PMCID: PMC4565218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has been reported to be one of the significant contributors to various chronic disease conditions. Childhood obesity has been on an alarming increase over recent years leading to various health complications. Millions of children undergo surgery each year as a part of medical care on various health grounds. In the present study, influence of vitamin C on the effect of obesity and over-weight under anaesthetic exposure was analysed. Separate groups of neonatal mice (C57BL/6) were fed on high-fat diet to induce obesity. The mice were administered with vitamin C at 30 and 60 mg/kg b.wt post natal day 1 (P1) to P21. P7 mice were exposed to equipotent doses of isoflurane or sevoflurane or desflurane. Neuroapoptosis was assessed by measuring activated caspase-3 and TUNEL assay. Plasma S100β levels were detected by ELISA. The mice were assessed for their general behaviour. Morris water maze test was performed to assess the spatial working memory. Anesthesia exposure caused severe neuroapoptosis and also raised the levels of plasma S100β. Neuroapotosis, working memory and learning impairments observed following anesthetics were comparatively more profound on high fat diet fed mice. Desflurane exposure resulted in higher apoptotic counts, learning and memory deficits than equipotent dose of isoflurane and sevoflurane. Vitamin C supplementation offered significant protection against anesthetic induced neurotoxicity and behavioural alterations. Vitamin C administration resulted in marked reduction in neurotoxicity induced by anesthesia and as well improved learning and memory of both normal and high fat diet fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Xiang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, 208 Hospital of PLAChangchun 130062, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Department of Spinal Branch, Wendeng Osteopath HospitalWeihai 230038, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji HospitalShanghai 200127, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, 208 Hospital of PLAChangchun 130062, China
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95
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Yu D, Fan C, Zhang W, Wen Z, Hu L, Yang L, Feng Y, Yin KJ, Mo X. Neuroprotective effect of nicorandil through inhibition of apoptosis by the PI3K/Akt1 pathway in a mouse model of deep hypothermic low flow. J Neurol Sci 2015; 357:119-25. [PMID: 26279331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nicorandil exerts a protective effect on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in the brain and kidney through anti-apoptotic mechanisms. However, the mechanism by which nicorandil protects against I/R injury induced by deep hypothermic low flow (DHLF) remains unclear. METHODS We used a cerebral I/R model induced by DHLF to determine the neuroprotective effects and possible mechanisms of nicorandil. RESULTS Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay were used to detect changes in cell morphology and the number of apoptotic cells in hippocampus, respectively. The apoptotic regulators including Bcl-2, Bax, Akt, and p-Akt (the active, phosphorylated form of Akt) were examined by Western blot (WB). Histopathological findings showed that nicorandil significantly alleviated morphological damage in hippocampal and reduced the number of TUNEL-positive nuclei induced by DHLF. Nicorandil also increased the expression of Bcl-2 and decreased the expression of Bax, while increasing p-Akt level. Consistent with these results, nicorandil-mediated neuroprotection was reduced in the Akt1+/- mutant mice and inhibited by LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS These findings showed that nicorandil provides a neuroprotective role in DHLF-induced I/R injury by inhibiting apoptosis via activation of the PI3K/Akt1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Changfeng Fan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Weiyan Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhongyuan Wen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ke-Jie Yin
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xuming Mo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.
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96
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Maiese K. FoxO proteins in the nervous system. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2015; 2015:569392. [PMID: 26171319 PMCID: PMC4478359 DOI: 10.1155/2015/569392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute as well as chronic disorders of the nervous system lead to significant morbidity and mortality for millions of individuals globally. Given the ability to govern stem cell proliferation and differentiated cell survival, mammalian forkhead transcription factors of the forkhead box class O (FoxO) are increasingly being identified as potential targets for disorders of the nervous system, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and auditory neuronal disease. FoxO proteins are present throughout the body, but they are selectively expressed in the nervous system and have diverse biological functions. The forkhead O class transcription factors interface with an array of signal transduction pathways that include protein kinase B (Akt), serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible protein kinase (SgK), IκB kinase (IKK), silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (S. cerevisiae) (SIRT1), growth factors, and Wnt signaling that can determine the activity and integrity of FoxO proteins. Ultimately, there exists a complex interplay between FoxO proteins and their signal transduction pathways that can significantly impact programmed cell death pathways of apoptosis and autophagy as well as the development of clinical strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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97
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Neonatal exposure to sevoflurane may not cause learning and memory deficits and behavioral abnormality in the childhood of Cynomolgus monkeys. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11145. [PMID: 26046459 PMCID: PMC4457164 DOI: 10.1038/srep11145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Results of animal studies have raised a significant concern that commonly used general anesthetics may induce neurotoxicity in children. It may be difficult to resolve this concern with human studies because randomizing children only for testing anesthetic toxicity may not be feasible. We randomized 6-day old male Cynomolgus monkeys to receive or not to receive sevoflurane anesthesia at surgical plane for 5 h. Sevoflurane is the most commonly used general anesthetic in children in the U.S.A. Here, we showed that sevoflurane anesthesia did not affect the behavior evaluated by holding cage method when the monkeys were 3 and 7 months old. However, there was an age-dependent decrease in the frequency of stress events and environmental exploration behavior during the test. Sevoflurane also did not affect the learning and memory of the monkeys when they were assessed from the age of 7 months. Finally, sevoflurane did not affect the expression of multiple neuron-specific proteins in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of 10-month old monkeys after all behavioral and cognitive tests were completed. These results suggest that exposure of neonatal monkey to sevoflurane may not affect cognition, behavior and neuronal structures in childhood, indicating the safety of sevoflurane anesthesia in children.
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98
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Mueller M, Schoeberlein A, Zhou J, Joerger-Messerli M, Oppliger B, Reinhart U, Bordey A, Surbek D, Barnea ER, Huang Y, Paidas M. PreImplantation Factor bolsters neuroprotection via modulating Protein Kinase A and Protein Kinase C signaling. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:2078-86. [PMID: 25976303 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A synthetic peptide (sPIF) analogous to the mammalian embryo-derived PreImplantation Factor (PIF) enables neuroprotection in rodent models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and perinatal brain injury. The protective effects have been attributed, in part, to sPIF's ability to inhibit the biogenesis of microRNA let-7, which is released from injured cells during central nervous system (CNS) damage and induces neuronal death. Here, we uncover another novel mechanism of sPIF-mediated neuroprotection. Using a clinically relevant rat newborn brain injury model, we demonstrate that sPIF, when subcutaneously administrated, is able to reduce cell death, reverse neuronal loss and restore proper cortical architecture. We show, both in vivo and in vitro, that sPIF activates cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) and calcium-dependent protein kinase (PKC) signaling, leading to increased phosphorylation of major neuroprotective substrates GAP-43, BAD and CREB. Phosphorylated CREB in turn facilitates expression of Gap43, Bdnf and Bcl2 known to have important roles in regulating neuronal growth, survival and remodeling. As is the case in sPIF-mediated let-7 repression, we provide evidence that sPIF-mediated PKA/PKC activation is dependent on TLR4 expression. Thus, we propose that sPIF imparts neuroprotection via multiple mechanisms at multiple levels downstream of TLR4. Given the recent FDA fast-track approval of sPIF for clinical trials, its potential clinical application for treating other CNS diseases can be envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mueller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Schoeberlein
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, PR China
| | | | - B Oppliger
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - U Reinhart
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Bordey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - D Surbek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - E R Barnea
- Society for the Investigation of Early Pregnancy, Cherry Hill, NJ, USA.,BioIncept LLC, Cherry Hill, NJ, USA
| | - Y Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - M Paidas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Women and Children's Center for Blood Disorders, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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99
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Sevoflurane protects against intestinal ischemia–reperfusion injury partly by phosphatidylinositol 3 kinases/Akt pathway in rats. Surgery 2015; 157:924-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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100
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Astaxanthin attenuates early acute kidney injury following severe burns in rats by ameliorating oxidative stress and mitochondrial-related apoptosis. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:2105-23. [PMID: 25871290 PMCID: PMC4413202 DOI: 10.3390/md13042105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Early acute kidney injury (AKI) is a devastating complication in critical burn patients, and it is associated with severe morbidity and mortality. The mechanism of AKI is multifactorial. Astaxanthin (ATX) is a natural compound that is widely distributed in marine organisms; it is a strong antioxidant and exhibits other biological effects that have been well studied in various traumatic injuries and diseases. Hence, we attempted to explore the potential protection of ATX against early post burn AKI and its possible mechanisms of action. The classic severe burn rat model was utilized for the histological and biochemical assessments of the therapeutic value and mechanisms of action of ATX. Upon ATX treatment, renal tubular injury and the levels of serum creatinine and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin were improved. Furthermore, relief of oxidative stress and tubular apoptosis in rat kidneys post burn was also observed. Additionally, ATX administration increased Akt and Bad phosphorylation and further down-regulated the expression of other downstream pro-apoptotic proteins (cytochrome c and caspase-3/9); these effects were reversed by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Moreover, the protective effect of ATX presents a dose-dependent enhancement. The data above suggested that ATX protects against early AKI following severe burns in rats, which was attributed to its ability to ameliorate oxidative stress and inhibit apoptosis by modulating the mitochondrial-apoptotic pathway, regarded as the Akt/Bad/Caspases signalling cascade.
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